The Sun. — London, England, 1861-07-08 00:00:00

NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION.— C. F. HANCOCK, Jeweller and Silversmith to the Queen, 33, Bruton-street, Bond-street, having been selected by the C)mmittee to make the " BADGE " to be worn by the Members of the " Nationalßifle Association," begs respectfully to inform them that IL may be procured at his Establishment, or on the grounds at Wimbledon, in SILVER, p r ice 7s. ed., and in GOLD ENA M ELLED , price Three' Guineas. iiiiIEATRE-EU Y IL, 11 A 1111.11 - tEET. Lessee, lklr. J. B. BuCklitenr. E VENI - NO the performanc es wig commence with THE MIDDY ASIIORE. Mrs. E. Fitzwilliam. After which THE OVERLAND ROUTE. Messrs. Chas. Mathews, Buckstone, E. Villiers, Rogers, dm.; Mrs. Wilkins, Mrs. C. Mathews, and Miss E. Weekes. Followed by TAKING BY STORM. Mr. C. Mathews. And THE GALICIAN FETE. Commence at 7. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Harris. THIS EVENING, the new comic drama, entitled A HOMESTEAD STORY, Messrs. Ryder Shore, and Miss M. Harris. Followed by HAMLET. Hamlet, Mr. Fechter. Sup ported by Hermann Vezin, Ryder, Meadows, ; Misses Heath, Eisworthy, and R. Leclercq. MISS MARY PROVOST will make her first appearance in England as ROSALIND, in AS YOU LIKE IT, at the Royal Princess's Theatre, TUESDAY, July 9111. EW THE ATRE-RO Y AL, ADELP HI.- Solo Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING MR. GORILLA. Messrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bedford, Billington ; Miss Kate Kelly, Miss E. Thorne. After which (228th time), THE COLLEEN BAWN. Mr. D. Boucicault, 11. fisher, Billinzton, Falconer, Stephenson, C. J. Smith, Romer, Howard, Ward ; Mrs. Boucicault, Miss Woolgar. Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. Chatterley. To conclude with the successful new Farce, entitled A TURKISH BATH. Mr. J. L. Toole. Mr. P. Bedford. Doors open at half past 6—Commence at 7. fIAYTERBURY -HALL CONCERTS , AND FINE ARTS GALLERY. EVERY EVENING, Two Grand Selections from celebrated Operas, including Verdi's new Opera, THE BAL MASQUE (first produced in England at this Establishment), with a Chorus of Forty Voices, and upon a scale unequalled at any other Concerts. Miss Russell, Miss Ernst, Mr. Greville, Mr. Herbert, Signor Tivoli, Mr. Bernard ; popular Solos on the Cornet-a-piston. by Mr. Levy (the first performer of the day) ; the Brothers Conrad (in an entirely original entertainment on the double rope, not to be seen elsewhere); continued success of Mr. Wood and his talented little Son. The Comic Department comprises the followitm favourites: —Mr. Marshall, Mr. Hollingsworth ; the NERVES, by Messrs. Harvey and French ; and Mrs. Lawrence. Musical Director, Mr. JONGTIMANS. T H E 0 X FORD, 6, OXFORD-STREET. This noble building being now completed, its architectural beauty, elegance of ornamentation, and brilliancy of lighting render it one of the sights of the metropolis. Open Every Evening. The programme is varied, and includes Selections (by a full company of pr i n cipals, powerful band, and chorus) from "Macbeth" and "Un Ballo in Maschera." both operas by Verdi, the composer of the day—The wonderful Solos on the Cornet-a-Piston of the renowned LEVY — Scotch Duets by the Misses Stuart, and other vocal and instrumental music of the highest order. Conductor, Mr. F. Jongh mans. T h e C om ic portion of the entertainment is supported by Miss Green, Messrs. Sam Collins, Harvey, and French (the Nerves), W. IL Wieland, E. Marshall, and W. Randall. Admission, sixpense ; Balcony and Stalls, one shilling. Private Boxes, 10s. ed. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tins DAY.—Morning, 2h. Om.—Afternoon, 2h. 24m. To-moßitow.-Morning, 2h. 44m.—Afternoon, 3h. sm. THE WEATHER.—SUN Orncz, JULY 7, 1561. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 71—highest since noon yesterday. s.B—lowest this morning and during the night. 69—this day at noon. BAROMETER-29.62; rising. Witin—Northerly'; fresh, with dull weather; frequent showers in heavy bursts. JULY 8. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHAD& 71—highetat since noon yesterday. 55—lowest this morning and during the night. 72—this day at noon. Banoma7Eß-29.75. WlND—South-Westerly ; light, with very fine weather, j N., •a - ..rt4t; 1 ~~1 ll F, it -,. :::.{._,.., i.„),..„1.,._,,,,pf, r `(~fl~ ~~ THE SUN. LONDON, MONDAY, JULY 8, 1861. Apropos of the Appropriation of Seats (Sudbury and St. Alban's) Bill—coming on again for the consideration of the House of Commons this even ing—there are the Parliamentary changes conse quent upon its passing. There is the new member set apart for the Liberal, Free-trading constituency of South Lancashire. And that, it is very well known, means the Right Hon. W. E. GLADSTONE, her MAJESTY'S Chancellor of the Exchequer. Whatever may be the ultimate decision arrived at by the House in regard to the other portions of Sir GEORGE LEWIS'S measure, it is pretty safe, we take it, that South Lancashire is to obtain this supplementary representative. And equally within calculation is it that Mr. GLADSTONE, and no other than Mr. GLADSTONE, will be that new representative. Hence, these probabilities being so very plainly before both parties in the House of Commons, it becomes the most natural thing in the world that an eye askance should be cast, by Liberals and by Conserva tives alike, to that prospective vacant seat at the University of Oxford—the scat there in all human likelihood about to bo left vacant by the removal of Mr. GLADSTONE northwards upon his transfor mation into the new M.P. for South Lancashire. And so the Derbyites, the Derby-Disraeli-ites, talk of putting forward their future Chancellor of the Exchequer, as Mr. GLADSTONE'S successor at the University—to wit their late able Secretary at the Treasury, Sir STAFFORD NORTHCOTE, now M.P. for the borough of Stamford, and latterly high in the favour of the House of Commons as a man having about him all the "makings" of a skilful Financier. In opposition to Sir STAFFORD NORTH COTE as tha) Opposition candidate at the University of Oxford contingently upon Mr. GLADSTONE'S resignation of his post there as the University re presentative, the Ministerialists talk, as we were the very first to intimate (about a fortnight ago!) that they would talk, of no other than their new Solicitor-General, Mr., or (shall we call him ?) Sir ROUNDELL PALMER, as the candidate, down at the University of Oxford, on the side of her Majesty's Government. But seriously militating now against the prospects of the new Solicitor-General down at Oieord University—there is the borough of Richmond, in Yorkshire, actually vacated only the other day, for Mr. ROUNDELL PALMER'S con venience, by its worthy fifteen years' member, Mr. Ricll ! Aware that the interests of the Cabinet, but still more of the Great Liberal Party, required that a seat in then House should be found somewhere for Mr. PALMER, Mr. RICH at once volunteered magnattimously to carry out an intention he appears (according to his letter of Farewell to his constitu ents) to have long meditated, namely, that of re tiring at length altogether from public life by with drawing from Parliament. Mr. Rim having thus resCgned for that express object of enabling Mr. ROUNDgLL PALMER to return to the House of Common , as M.P. for Richmond —we hardly see,in truth how, in honour er in decency, Mr. PALMER can 210tV cry " off" from this par ticular arrangemt. nt ! Simply, tom, that he may upon second thoughts, or perhaps, we ought :other t say, upon third •thoughts carry out the original design of his party b y going over to the University of Oxford, for the purpose of being elected (s' sera possible) as Mr. GLADSTONE'S successor. The chances now we e;;nnot but feel persuaded are decidedly against Ml. ROUNDELL PALMER—sup posing him to be so .exceedingly ill-advised as to follow his third thou ghts (with a tolerable cer tainty of coming off second-best) by going d own to Oxford University for the purpo se of opposing Sir STAFFORD NORTIICOTZ. True they are both of them decidedly P useyite-j a h —the righteolour—the true blue or rather the true Purple verging to ,vyards the Scarlet—down at Oz. ' ford University ! But, while Sir STAFFORD would be regarded pretty generally as " a safe man" (not, of course, in the Frail sense of the words !), theft might just possibly be felt some few deli cate qualms in reference to the convenient ductility or plasticity of the opinions of the new Solicitor-General. These considerations, moreover, are altogether apart from the remem brance of the somewhat graceless manner in which the Solicitor-General could alone claim the suffrages of the University constituency. This is, of course, after having cavalierly thrown aside poor Mr. Rica and his vacated seat down at Richmond. Altogether, we cannot seriously anticipate for one instant that Mr. ROUNDELL PALMER meditates any longer aspiring to represent the University of Oxford in Parliament in the event of Mr. GLADSTONE'S resignation. It is true that " A Conservative Member of Convoca tion," writing from Oxford on Saturday to our chief morning contemporary, says very confidently —" If Mr. GLADSTONE should retire from the representation of the University, it is the fixed de termination of a large number of Conservative members of Convocation to use their utmost efforts for the return of Mr. ROUNDELL PALMER." Ob serve—" it is the fixed determination of a large number of Conservative members of Convocation " that is promised in favour of the new Solicitor- General in Lord PALMERSTON'S Whig-Radical- Tree -trading - Conservative omnium gatherum Go vernment 1 Surely there is no thi ng a ft er all like a Coalition—huzza for the Coalition ! viva the Olio of Oddities ! long life to the variegated or party-coloured all-sided Rhomboid administra tion, the scope of whose policy is so ample as to embrace within it an obedient regard (not to speak it profanely) for the memorable advice to make friends " out of the mammon of unrighteousness.'' And so the soi-distant Liberal Solicitor-General is to be enticed, if possible, at the eleventh hour, into forsaking Mr. RICH and Richmond, by the prospect of the support to be accorded to him at the University of Oxford by " a large number of Conservative members of Convocation." Whatever may be said in behalf of any such (under present circumstances) particularly ill-timed and ill-advised proposition, we cannot now believe it to be in any way probable that Mr. ROUNDELL PALMER will thus lay himself open to the all but dead certainty of an ignominious discom fiture. Such would indubitably be the fate reserved for him, we are perfectly well persuaded, if under these altered circumstances he should rashly be de luded into opposing down at Oxford the formid able. and we may add, too, the popular candidate of the Opposition, Sir STAFFORD NORTHCOTE, the DERBY-DISRAELI Chancellor of the Exchequer that is to be. The American papers which arrived by the Adriatic are filled rather with speculations on old facts, and accounting for them, than with new ones. The State of Harper's Ferry, the plans of General SCOTT, the position of the forces under General BUTLER on the Chesapeake, all are subject of dis quisition, but there is no important movement. The Anti-English fever is represented as cooling down a little. Mr. SEWARD, it is thought, com pelled us to bethink ourselves, and Mr. ADAMS came over and has taught our bewildered states men to think aright. The New Fork Herald thus states the most important questions which will be discussed at the extra session of Congress, —" 1. Sanction for the President's movements. 2. Authorising a loan of two or three hundred million dollars. 3. An act authorising the vigorous pro secution of the war, 4. A modification of the pre sent tariff. 5. A bankrupt law. 6. A tax on tea and coffee. 7. A direct tax in absence of sufficient revenue from customs." A week or so will change, however, these speculations for facts; probably they are guesses of men who are guided by the gossip of public parties. Amongst the most important facts is the simple statement that—." The election returns received from Kentucky up to the present time show that nearly all the Union candidates have been elected." This, combined with the election of Union candi dates in Maryland, when once the Federal troops had liberated the voters from fear of Secessionist violence, and with a known state of feeling in Mis souri and Tennessee similar to that of Kentucky, must be worth a great deal to the Northern cause All these important Border States have but a small slave population ; in the larger part of each of them hardly a slave is to be seen ; but the Slave party, like the Aristocratic party, is the better or ganised ; its leaders are men of more leisure to attend to public matters than those who have their own business to mind, and hence in peaceful times they have a disproportionate position and in fluence. The present quarrel brings out their numeri cal inferiority and comparative feebleness 'and the Union, er Anti-slavery party, assert their real strength. There seems every probability of the Border States becoming reunited with the North by their own act. Kentucky is an influential State; she at first insisted on neutrality, but if the majo rity of her own electors go for the Union, and that while Federal forces are at hand to back them, the slave-holding minority must give way. To this we must add the singular fact of the new, irregularly chosen Assembly atWheeling,inWestern Virginia, setting itself up as the State Government and repudiating the old State Government as null and void through its treason. Mr. LINCOLN has acknowledged this irregular Government, an act which seems as technically inconsistent as any well can be. The Convention was a purely spontaneous pelf-originated body. Within the State of Virginia it seceded f rom the State Government as informally as, in the general Union, the Confederated States seceded from the United States. We may think, and President LINCOLN may think, that technicalities s are to give way. B e it so, but h e reasoned i n exactly the reverse way at first. He treated the no such thi ng Secession as a nullity. He k new of as Secession, because the laws and constitution knew nothing of it. He strained every nerve at first to act as if there were no such facts as seizure Of Custom-houses and ports, and States banded toge ther, and even many of his friends thought that his policy, which seems to have been the one of Mr. SEWARD, did much to nurse the rebellion itself. It will not be without advantage to the Union if Mr. LINCOLN now boldly deals with all things as they really are, and with or without martial law, asserts the paramount necessity of shaping his course by the object he has in view, and not by legal subtleties. The Rescript addressed by the Emperor of AUS TRIA to the Diet at Pesth is now before us in full. We may acknowledge that it is not, from the Imperial point of view, so insulting a dacu• ment as the telegrams had led us to expect. If we understand the Rescript rightly, the EM PEROR is not unwilling to consider its subject matter, but he thinks the form too objectionable to allow of its reception without compromising his Royal rights. After his objections to the form, he adds, " We have nevertheless the strong desire to pronounce without reticence on the questions of high importance contained in the address of L the magnates and representatives," and therefore "invites" them to adopt the form used by the coro nation Diet of 1790. This is certainly different from the statement of the telegram that the ob jections extended to the matter as well as to the form of the Address. Doubtless the Germans object to that too, strongly enough, their object being to incorporate the noble kingdom of Hun gary with the little Archduchy ; still the Rescript expressly reserves the " questions of high import ance in the Address" for consideration. As we had anticipated, the Diet has acceded to this request. When the division was so near that the objectionable form was carried in the Lower house by a majority of three only; when there was no difference of opinion on the matter of the ad & ess ; when it was known that the House of Mag nates objected also to the form only of the address, though they did not wish to differ from the Lower House—while both houses concurred in the state ments and arguments so ably drawn by M. DEAK— it would have exhibited the Diet as factiously per tinacious before Europe had they declined to yield. And, while we think the EMPEROR exceedingly foolish for making a point of the "form," we think the small majority would have been more so to haggle over it. The majority was right; and M. DE. K'S form, which they rejected, was not so conformable to strictly legal technicalities as theirs; M. DEAK did not deny this, but he, the first jurist in the country, and a thorough patriot, contended that they were warranted in accepting the de facto sovereignty of the Emperor, while pointing out so clearly as they did in the address that he was not legally King, and consequently all his acts would be but provisional, till he was crowned with the legal oaths. M. DEAR'S original form of the address will now therefore, we presume, be pre sented by the Diet, and we shall see what the hereditary King of Hungary will do towards becoming a real King. It is now conceded that he shall be addressed as "the Sacred, Imperial, and Royal Majesty," &c. ; but the most moderate party are no more prepared than the ultras to give up the laws of 1848—laws enacted prior to the revolution —as their last legal status. Things do not, however, look very promising for a pacific solution. If the Germans feel themselves strong enough „they will yet force on a bloody quarrel. They calculate upon distracting the Italians by fomenting brigandage in Southern Italy, they concentrate their savage soldiery in Hungary, they disperse the Hungarian regiments in parts of the motley Empire where they are lost to their own country, and thus hope to overpower a country without the means of resistance. We only hope they may have calculated vainly. Twelve millions of brave people, and in a country difficult for military operations, a people determined to suffer rather than to yield, may be yet a greater difficulty than Germans imagine. Italy may be more ready for action than they expect. KOSSUTH is certainly at Turin. Hungarian regiments, though " buried" in larger bodies of troops of other nations, may yet prove like gunpowder in the midst of them. We trust events will show that it was madness for Austria to rely on violence in Hungary. She is now with a large annual deficiency retaining and even increasing her three large armies—may she be over whelmed by her revolutionary expenditure, and be obliged to turn back "for want of pence," when she would not turn back from loyalty and good faith ! It cannot be too clearly kept in mind, that the cause of Hungary is the cause of Constitu tionalism a thousand years old, the cause of law, of the obligations of the most solemn compacts, and of national rights—and that that of the Archduchy, its Germans and Emperor, is the cause of revolution, of violence, of perfidy, and of destruction of nations, in the ambitious interest of a worse than worthless family. And this language is the language but of sober truth and fact. We do not like the look of things in St. Domingo. We refer now, not to the occupation of that part of the island by the Spanish, accomplished, as it noto riously was, by violence and fraud, but to the last telegrams. What mean the " attack of St. Do mingo by Hayti"—and the advance of Santana and the Spaniards to the frontier ?" What means great enthusiasm among the Spanish troops ; not among the Dominicans, who, if the attack were on them, might have been expected in some way to show their feelings ? Did they show any emotion, and was it such as could not be mentioned ? What mean the great armaments made in St. Domingo and the despatch of sixteen vessels with troops from Cuba ? Is a comparatively immense force necessary, because the Dominicans are waiting to cast off the yoke which the treason of their bribed leaders and the irresistibleness of a Spanish fleet and army placed upon them ? Or, is the truth of the case this :—Two patriots trusted by the native Dominicans, CABRAL and SANCHEZ, have put themselves at the head of a patriotic rising of the people. They can hardly hop© to succeed unaided against the Spanish regular troops and fleet ; they have sought, there fore, help from Hayti, and the " attack" is the marching of the Haytiens to the aid of the Domini cans to assist them in expelling the Spaniards from the island. With our present imperfect information this seems to be a not unlikely version of the case. There is, however, no fathoming the iniquity of such Courts as those of Spain and Austria. They have inherited the basest treachery and cruelty as points of honour, and there is nothing which they would not justly think it consistent with family traditions to stoop to, to extirpate heresy or freedom—freedom of mind, or freedom of person. It is quite within possibility that movements may have even been stimulated in Hayti to give the Spaniards a pretext for conquering the whole island, before the United States shall be at liberty to drive them out of it. The readiness with which ships and soldiers could be sent from Cuba looks like preparedness for what has occurred; it was evidently expected, whether the result of dark in trigue like that which put St. Domingo into their hands, or of hasty patriot zeal, the indications of which had become plainly apparent to them. We only wish cur Foreign-office had been skilful enough to resist the annexation. We are quite sure it will not have skill enough to prevent St. Domingo becoming a new slave mart. 0 ERRAT r L m. —By an erro r o f th e 00 persons press in in the th m e a r n report turing districts were dependent fo of Lord Shafte s b ury ' s speech on 0 p r their IRdia, on Friday last, he was made to say th a t 45,000, ,000 o d r ai s ly m b o re o a o d o up on the c supply As s lN of a , cotton, p o L instead icy . _.... l o t f 4i,5000 enough to juncturof say f h such ere l that his policy was that of Peace at a i n t er ior agitation ; and his purpose was, in the firs to break up the Holy Alliance. He proved himself a, progressive statesman by holding these views in such a practical way as that the continental rulers at once found that they would have no aid from England in any scheme of aggression whatever—against any neighbour, or in coercion of their own subjects, native or n ew l y attached. As the South American provinces were ac tually released from Spain, Canning treated them as free. Everywhere he accepted clear facts, and acted upon them, instead of wasting time and breaking hearts over political fictions. It required a progres sive statesman to do this. So much for his policy, in which he might easily be a representative man. In regard to his oratory, he was altogether exceptional. States men constitute a class ; but orators do not, nor ever can • The power is unique in each case ; and all that wo have to do hero with Mr. Canning's eloquence is to note that it was the organ of the diffusion over the world of his progres sive statesmanship.—Once a Wick. A r i E L V ies PARIS, JULY 8. The Moniteur of this morning contains an Impe rial decree, appointing M. de Lagueronniere a mem ber of the Senate. The Bourse has been heavy, and very little busi ness was done. Rentes closed at 67.76, or 10c., lower than yesterday. MADRID, JULY 7. The principal chiefs of the Republican party are in the hands of the troops. It is almost certain that none of them will escape. The country is quiet. PESTII, JULY 6 (Evening). To day the Upper House of the Hungarian Diet adopted the resolution passed yesterday in the Lower House to send the address to the Emperor ip the form originally proposed by M. Deals. Both houses assembled this evening for the pur pose of signing the address. PESTH, JULY 7. The Presidents of the two Chambers of the Hun garian Diet left yesterday evening for Vienna with the address. The Vice-President of the Hungarian Chancellery has tendered his resignation because the proposal, submitted by him to the Austrian Government at Vienna, to poatpone the military execution for the recovery of the taxes until the termination of the harvest has been agreed to by the Ministry. BUCHAREST, JULY 5 (Evening). The Legislative Chamber, in its sitting of to-day, passed, by 32 against 23 votes, a vote of want of confidence in the Ministry for having permitted the circulation of a petition advocating electoral reform and the union of Moldavia and Wallachia, also because they had not presented the budget to the Chamber, and had done nothing to accelerate public business. This attitude of the Chamber has produced general dissatisfaction. The capital and the surrounding districts are preparing an address to the Govern ment congratulating the Ministry on their firmness and on their having everywhere maintained order and tranquillity, notwithstanding the intrigues of the old political parties. The Metropolitan has refused to vote against the Government. MADRID, JULY 6. The Madrid papers of to-day publish a telegram from Cadiz, stating that the llaytians had invaded the territory of San Domingo. Santana,Pelaez, and Alfan were marching in haste to the frontiers. Great armaments were being made in San Domingo. Enthusiasm prevailed among the Spanish troops. A squadron of 16 vessels, with troops, had been despatched from Havana. Financial affairs at Havana were in a bad con dition. QUEENS TOWN, JUL, 6. The royal mail steamship Arabia, from Boston on the 26th and Halifax on the 28th ult., arrived here at 1 p.m. Landed mails and passengers, and proceeded for Liverpool at 1.15 p.m. All well. She brings 80 passengers. She passed the Great Eastern 1,196 miles from Cape Clear. News generally anticipated. THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING„TITLY 8, 1861. PRUSSIA. The Prussian Official Gazette publishes the fol lowing Royal manifesto, signed by the King : " We, William, by the grace of God, King of Prussia, &e., make known : " According to the decrees of Goa we have ascended the Royal throne of Prussia, and we have solemnly manifested our intention to conduct the Government entrusted to us by Divine grace ac cording to the Constitution and laws of the king dom. " Our predecessors on the throne have bequeathed to us the respectable custom that on the accession of the Kings of Prussia they receive the oath of allegiance from the country. We maintain that tradition as an inviolable right of our Crown, and we also wish it to be equally gua ranteed to our successors. But, in consideration of the changes introduced into the Constitution of the Monarchy under the prosperous reign of our dearly beloved brother King Ferdinand William IV. of glorious memory, we have resolved to renew, instead of the ceremony of rendering homage, the solemn coronation by which our august master, King Frederick 1., founded hereditary royalty in our house: " Inclining ourselves humbly before God, and imploring the blessing of the Almighty for us and for our beloved country, we wish, by the festival of the coronation celebrated in the presence of the members of the two Chambers of the Diet and other witnesses invited by us from all the provinces of our kingdom, to render testimony to the sacred and ever imperishable right of the Crown to which we have been called by the grace of God, and to con solidate still more the bond formed by a glorious history between our house and the Prussian people. " We shall therefore celebrate, conjointly with the Queen, our spouse, our solemn coronation in the month of October of the present year, in our capital and residence of Konigsberg, and we reserve to ourselves to publish ulterior regulations on the ceremony of the coronation, as also on the solemn entry into our capital and residence of Berlin on return,—Given at Berlin, July 3, 1861. " WILLIAM." (Countersigned by the Ministers.) DEATH OF AN EMINENT ARCHITECT.—New , castle-on-Tyne has lost another of its eminent men— Mr. Richard Grainger, the architect and builder of all its newest and most magnificent streets and public buildings, died on Thursday afternoon, in the 63d year of his age, after half-an-hour's illness. Of Mr. Grainger it may be honestly said that he found his native town brick and left it stone. Through his energy and genius the magnificent range of streets comprehending Grey-street, Clayton-street, Market, Grainger, Nelson, Hood, and Shapespearo streets, with the theatre, Central Exchange, the new markets, among the finest covered markets in England, the branch Bank of England, Messrs. Lambton's bank, the Arcade, and innu merable public buildings were erected—and like the elder Stephenson, and other eminent Newcastle men, Mr. Grainger was self made. Mr. Grainger's father was a por ter on the quayside. The father died shortly after the son was born. His mother followed the employment of laundress to maintain her children, and Mr. Grainger received what education he got in the St. Andrew's Charity School. Mr. Grainger served his time as a house carpenter. From early youth he appears to have been fired with an ambition to effect great improvements in his native town, and the mag nificent streets and noble public buildings that grace it are wonderful monuments of his genius and indomitable per severance and will. Mr. Grainger, like most men of his character, was of a generous and noble disposition. Some years ago the immense magnitude of his transactions tem porarily embarrassed his affairs, but the progress of trade vastly improved his property after, and in recent years he reaped the more substantial results of his energy and intel ligence. VICTOR EM:',IANT_TEL CITED BEFORE THE CAMER LINGO —A letter Flom Rome of the 23d ult., describes a curious ceremony that takes place in the Vatican on the eve of St. Peter and St. rani. A solemn sitting of the " CarLer lingate " is held, and before it aro cited successively all the tributaries who have to pay an acknowledgment of their estates to the sovereign power of the Papacy. The Borghese fatally are summoned and pay a silver dish; the Princess Marie Bonaparte, a pound of wax ; the Marquis ucptoallino:en,:tea,;:t air before j u vro n o ri d ; s e of 6e oNrvtt2,nt; reverend andth e e th e wa l g sbc i e,urda,iits Among basin; oinogust htoe l e t h r a i e i ra , ed hear the name of " The Most Serene Victor Emmanuel, King of Sardinia," who owes a chalice for his principality of Masseran. The chalice was punctually paid till the acces • bion of Victor Emmanuel. Since then this tribute has been omitted, but still every year ho is summoned it is taken down that he is not present, either in person or by repre sentative; and he is iveordingly censured, and declared to l have forfeited the rrincipality of Masseran. A MIRACLE OP A 177 ITORSHIP. ~.._~_~ T Jo the review contained in our impression of Saturday evening, by a ludicrous transformation of one small monosyllable, we appeared to state as an actual fact what was of course in itself, upon the very face of it, a physical impossibility. The extra gance of the intimation, however, virtually corrected itself. So that it is in a manner superfluous to add, what we nevertheless do add here very explicitly— not being in any way ambitious of claimieg for our selves a lineal descent ifrom Baron Munchausen Erratum—line 78—for " weeks" read months." In his charming volume of puns and poetry, a book brimful (from rim to rim—of the cover) with the gravest and the gaiest disquisitions—" Tho Jar of Honey from MoUnt llybla"—Leigh• Hunt (it may be remembered by those who know the volume) speaks incidentally of the wonderful brass pot drag ged up in his net out of the deep by the Fisher man in the Arabian Nights Entertainments, the brass pot sealed with the seal of the Great Solyman, as containing within it " the concentrated essence of Jinn." That miracle of compression, however, told of by the oriental fabulist—wonderful though it is —would be nothing to the one here incidentally hit upon by this lapsus calami—aimcst we had written that last word (indeed we must so have written it but for the delightful absurdity of the lapsus)— calami-ty ! In the story of the Fisherman and the Geni, of course one may conjecture that the latter was squeezed into the vessel—during all those ages through which it lay buried under the ocean—by the the agency (shall we venture to hint ?) of—hydrau lic pressure. It would be rather bewildering to Swift !) one of the glibest goosequills familiar to the grasp of the immortal one-eyed philo sophers. The "achievement," in fact (re ferred to on Saturday), when completed, must have left that old allegorical personage conjecture, however, the nature of the force, mecha nical, mental, or moral, that could affect to explain even bya joke this other, this far more astounding compression—not in regard to "space" but in regard to " time"—not of the Arabian but of the English Genius. Remembering the description of the former incident as related in the glorious Arabian Tales— "Immediately the form of the genie began to change into smoke [a very reasonable thing truly for it to end in !] and extending itself as before, over both the shore and the sea ; and then collecting itself, began to enter the vase, and con tinued to do so, in a slow and equal manner, till nothing remained without. A voice immediately issued forth saying, Now then, thou incredulous fisherman, dost thou believe me now I am in the vase' P"— one may certainly pronounce that to have been " a cram." But—recollecting the description of the more recent incident thus, Es we have seen, accidentally blundered upon in regard to one of eur glorious English Tales, we would almost go so far as to pronounce that—may we hope to be forgiven for saying it P—" a crammer." A hand that could so write must certainly have been worked by no other than a steam arm—a patent match for the famous steam leg in the old comic song. It must have written too, that marvellous hand, literally, as we said on Saturday curreizte calamo—it must have been armed, that is, in other words, with a Flying Pen, plucked from the wing of one of the most volacious birds of the Flying Island (of with the scythe and hour-glass somewhat in the same utterly blown and exhausted condition as Dr. Johnson describes him to have been reduced to at the close, Shakspere's career, where the Doctor sings, in a strain of magnificent hyperbole, that— " Panting Time toiled after him in vain." It could only be accomplished, indeed—this high pressure velocity, in the way of "ready writing"— by, we will suppose, Munchausen himself redivivus, armed with the steam arm already imagined, and dipping the Flying Pen (already referred to as dropped from the Flying Island) in an American standish of " greased lightning." The result, of course, to be applauded afterwards in due course by resounding peals of Mr. Philip Bailey's " but tered thunder.* * For the which see Festus. LIT.ER,I7'U.RE. .Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa. By M. Paul. Du Chaillu. Murray. Many adventurous spirits have penetrated into the wilds of Africa, both in the north and south, but until a few years ago none had dared the un known regions of the burning equator. England may be proud of the discoveries of Bruce, Living. stone, and other eminent pioneers of civilisation ; but it was reserved for France and America to divide the boast that a French American was the first white man who penetrated into the interior of Equatorial Africa, furnishing valuable geographical and ethnological information, and contributed vari ous new and rare specimens to our zoological col lection. M. du Chaillu left America for the western coast of Africa in the year 1856, with the intention of spending , some years in the exploration of the region of the equator, and of penetrating as far back beyond the Sierra del Crystal es possible. It is to be remembered that hitherto, although the existence of white. men had been known by report to the tribes and nations of the interior, before M. du Chaillu's advent, they had never seen one of these wonderful beings. Alone, and trusting only to his own resources, did this ad venturous explorer enter upon the unknown. His desire was, as he expresses himself in his preface, firstly, to discover whether in the interior a more healthy situation could not be found for the Ameri can mission, which suffered much on the coast ; secondly, to examine the rivers, and determine if they were suitable for vessels of light tonnage; and lastly, but by no means of the least importance, in the eyes of M. du Chiallu to hunt the gorilla, an ape of the largest size, which had until then only a mythical existence; for although the skin of a young one had some time previously been sent to England, the habits, size, and ferocity of this nearest link to humanity in the animal chain was dependent on the tales of the natives of the coast. How well he has succeeded, the perusal of his account of his adventures and the flattering reception he hasre ceived froM the Geographica l and Ethnological Societies,*will bear witness. Before entering upon a sketch of these interesting travels, we may re mark that, although travelling among savages, and in continual peril, more or less, from both man and beast, M. du Chaillu makes light of his own adven tures, and never brings himself into prominent notice, except when necessary; this modesty is very commendable, and gives a truthfulness to the narration of certain events which certainly have a touch of the 'marvellous. The region of his exploration, although circum scribed in extent, extending about 400 miles in a direct line from the coast, and two degrees north and south of the equator, from the River Mundi, in Corisco Bay, on the north, to the Ferroand Vas and Cape Catharine on the south, contain many wonders. It is a curious fact that the farther he penetrated, the more manly and intellectual the inhabitants became—superstition, of course, hold ing a supreme command of these, as of other Afri can nations. As the gorilla has claimed this work as its own, M. du Chaillu's travels being, in general, termed, "The Gorilla book," we will give the gigantic ape the first place in our notice. The author found it in several districts, his first meeting with it was in the Fan country which lies to the eastward of the Mends river. He had contrived by presents to maker friends with the natives, but he had a great advantage in having spent several years on the coast with his father trading. He was well known to many of the kings or chiefs, who i n t ro d uce d hi m t o their : connections in the interi or , w h o aga i n for warded him on his way, he having established'his footing with them by his kind and generous dis position, backed by his cool daring and his sur prising skill with his rifle. He thus describes his first gorilla : MY FIRST. GORILtA. We started early, and pushed for the most dense and im penetrable part of the forest, in hopes to find the very home of the beast I so much wished to shoot. Hour after hour we travelled, and yet no signs of gorilla. Only the ever lasting little chattering monkeys—and not many of these— and occasionally birds. In fast, the forests of this part of Africa—as the reader his seen by this time—are not so full of life as in some other puts of the south. Suddenly Miengai uttered a little cluck with his tongue, which is the native's way of showing that something is stirrinz, and that a sharp look-out is necessary. And pro • sently I noticed, a-head of us seemingly, a noise as of some one breaking down branches or tw igs of trees. This was the gorilla, I knew at once, by the eager and satisfied looks of the men. They looked once more carefully at their guns, to see if by any chance the pc wder had fallen out of the pans ; I also examined mine, to make sure that all was right ; and then we . marched on cautiously. The singular noise of the breaking of tree-branches con tinued. We walked with the greatest care, making no noise at all. The countenances of the men showed that they thought themselves engaged in a very serious undertalT o. g.; but we pushed on, until finally we thought we sa w through the ti.ick woods the moving of the branches and small trees which the groat beast was tearing down, probably to get from them the berries and fruits he lives on. Soddenly, as we were yet creeping along, in to silenCs which made a heavy breath seem loud and distinct, the woods were at once filled with the tremendous barking roar of the gorilla. Then the underbrush swayed rapidly just ahoad, and presently before us stood an immense male gorilla. He had gone through the jungle on his all-fours; but when he saw our party he erected himself and looked. us boldly in the face. He stood about a dozon yards from us, and was a sight I think I shall never forget. Nearly six foot high (he proved four inches shorter), with immenso body, huge chest, and great muscular arms, with fiercely-glaring large deep grey eyes, and a hellish expression of face, which seemed to mo like some nightmare vision : thus stood before us the king of the African forest. He was not afraid of us. lie stood there, and beat his breast with his huge fists till it resou nded like an immense bass- drum, which is their mode of offering defiance ; mean time giving vent to roar after roar. The roar of the gorilla is the most singular and awful noise heard in these African woods. It begins with a sharp bark, and then glides into a deep bass roll, which literally and closely resembles the roll of distant thunder along the sky, for which I have sometimes been tempted to take it where I did not see the animal. So:deep is it that it seems to proceed less from the mouth and throat than from the deep chest and vast paunch. His eyes began to flash fiercer as wo stood motionless on the defensive, and the crest of short hair which stands on his forehead began to tvdtch rapidly up and down, while his powerful fangs were shown as he again sent forth a thunderous roar. And Low truly ho reminded me of no thing but some hellish dream creature—a being of that hideous order, half-man, half-beast, which we find pictured by old artists in some representations of the infernal regions. Ho advanced a few steps—then stopped to utter that hide ous roar again —advanced again, and finally stopped when at a distance of about six ye.rds from us. And here, just as he began ono of his roars, beating his breast in rage, we fired, and killed him. With a groan which had something terribly human in it, and yet was full of brutishness, he fell forward on his face. The body shook convulsively for a few minutes, the limbs moved about in a straggling way, and then all was quiet— death had done its work, and I had leisure to examine the huge body. It proved to be five feet eight inches high, and the muscular development of the arms and breast showed what immense strength it had possessed. The chase of the gorilla is one of considerable danger—not that he attacks man; for although a determined and ferocious antagonist when brought to close quarters, he will if possible avoid the con test—he does not wantonly commence hostilities, but when hard pressed or surprised he confronts his enemy and gives the hunter ample time to fire, but if his gun miss fire the case is desperate. Tho power of the gorilla is so immense that it " Needs but a buffet and no more, His foe lies senseless in his gore." But it does not seem to follow up its adventage ; once his antagonist is prostrated it leaves him but generally in a dying condition. M. du Chaillu tells us with a blow its arm can break a man's skull, and that with its strong claw like-hand it can rip a man open, One of the author's hunters lost his life in this manner. The gorilla seems to be untameable. M. du Chaillu succeeded in obtain ing one alive about three years old, but it was as savage as any old one could have been, and pos sessed such strength that four men had difficulty in holding it. Ile was unable to preserve it, how ever, and it died after a short captivity. In his concluding remarks on the gorilla, the author ob serves : I am sorry to be the dispeller of such agreeable delu sions ; but the gorilla does not lurk in trees by the roadside, and drag up unsuspicious passers-by in its cla ws , and choke them to death in its vice-like paws ; it does not attack the elephant and beat him to death with sticks; it does not carry off women from the native villages ; it does not build itself a house of leaves and twigs in the forest-trees, and sit on the roof as has been confidently reported of it. It is not gregarious even, and the numerous stories of its attacking in great numbers have not a grain of truth in them. It lives in the loneliest and darkest portions of the dense African jungle, preferring deep-wooded valleys, and also rugged heights. The high plains, also, whose surface is strewn with immense boulders, seem to be favourite haunts. Water occurs everywhere in this part of Africa; but I have noticed the gorilla is always found very near to a plentiful supply. It is a restless and nomadic beast, wandering from place to place, and scarce over found for two days together in the same neighbourhood. In fact, this restlessness is caused by the struggle it has to find its favourite food. The gorilla, although it has such immense canine teeth, and though its vast strength doubt less fits it to kill almost every animal which frequents the forest, is strictly gregarious. Its vast paunch, which pro trudes before it when it stands upright, proves it to be a great feeder; and, indeed, its great frame and enormous muscular development could not be supported on little food. It is not true that it lives much, or at all, on trees. I found them almost always on the ground, although they often climb the trees to pick up berries or nuts; but after eating they return to the ground. . . It is fond of the wild sugar. cane ; especially fond of the white ribs of the pine-apple leaf ; and it eats besides certain berries which grow close to the ground ; the pith of some trees, and a kind of nut with a very hard shell. This shell is so hard that it requires a strong blow of a heavy hammer to break it; and hero is probably one purpose of that enormous strength of jaw which long seemed to me thrown away on a non-carni vorous animal, and which is sufficiently evidenced by the manner in which the barrel of the musket of one of my un fortunate hunters was flattened by an enraged gorilla. Among the various new species of animals dis covered by M. du Chaillu one of the most remark able is the Nshiego Mbouve, or nest-building ape. It has no hair on ita head, and wigs not having been introduced into their country as yet, it builds a sort of umbrella or shelter up some high tree, and sleeps under the shade thereof; like the gorilla, this species is not gregarious, but roams about in couples, the male taking up his abode in one tree and the female in another. The author thus describes his first introduction : THE NEST-BUILDING APE. -I saw many of these nests after this, and may as well say here that they are generally built about 15 or 20 feet from the ground, and invariably on a tree which stands a little apart from others, and which has no limbs below the ono on which the nest is placed. I have seen them at the height of 50 feet, but very seldom. This choice is probably made that they may be safe at night from beasts, serpents, and falling ;limbs. They build only in the loneliest pints of the forest, and are very shy and seldom seen even by the negroes. Okabi, who was an old and intelligent hunter, was able to tell me that the male and female together gather the material for their nests. This material consists of leafy branches with which to make the roof, and vines to tie these branches to the tree. The tying is done so neatly, and the roof is so well constructed, that until I saw the nshiego ac tually occupying his habitation, I could scarce persuade myself that human hands had not built it. It throws off rain perfectly, being neatly rounded at the top for that pur pose. The material being collected, the male goes up and builds the nest, while the female brings him the branches and vines. The male and female do not occupy the same nest, but have nests not far apart. From all I have observed, I judge that the nshiego is not gregarious. The nests are never found in companies ; and I have seen oven quite solitary nests occupied by very old nshiego mbouve, whose silvery hair and worn teeth at tested their great age. They seemed hermits who had re tired from the nshiego world. They live on wild berries, and build their houses where they find these. When they have consumed all that a par ticular spot affords, they remove and build new houses, so that a nest is not inhabited for more than eight or ten days. We travelled with great caution, not to alarm our prey, and a hope that, singling out a shelter and waiting till dark, we should find it occupied. In this hope we were not dis appointed. Lying pito still in our concealment (which tried m y patience sorely), we at last, just at dusk, heard the loud peculiar " Hew I hew I hew 1" which is Ihe call of the male to his mate. 'We waited till it was quite dark, and then I saw what I had so longed all the weary afternoon to see. A nshiego was sitting in his nest. His feet rested on the lower branch ; his head reached quite into the little dome of a roof, and his arm was clasped firmly about the tree trunk. This is their way of sleeping. After gazing till I was tired through the gloom at my poor sleeping victim, two of us fired, and the unfortunate beast fell at our feet without a struggle or even a groan. On a later occasion he succeeded in capturing a young Nshiego. It was the only ape which ho was able to tame, and which lived for any time. Poor Tommy became quite domesticated, and his death was much lamented, not only by the ardent hunter himself, but by the negroes, who are a very affec tionate and kindly-disposed race, notwithstanding their cruelty when under the influence of super stition : For some hours after we started we saw nothing but old tracks of different wild beasts, and I began to think that Anguilai's ogana had been too sanguine. Finally, towards 12 o'clock, when we were crossing a kind of high table land, we heard the cry of a young animal, which we all re cognised to be a nshiego mbouve. Then all my troubles at once wont away out of mind, and I nolonger felt either sick or hungry. 'e crawled through the bush as silently as possible, still hearing the babylike cry. At last, coming out into a little cleared space, we saw something running along the ground towards the spot where we stood concealed. When it came nearer we saw it was a female nshiego mbouve, running on all-fours, with a young sone clinging to her breasts. She was eagerly eating some berries, and with one arm sup ported her little one, Querlaouen, who had the fairest chance,:fired, and brought her down. Sho dropped without a struggle. The poor little one cried " How I hew I hew !" and clung to the dead body, sucking the breasts, burying its head there in its alarm at the report of the gun. We hurried up in great glee to secure our capture. I can not tell my surprise when I saw that the nshiego baby's face was pure white—very white indeed—pallid, but as white as a white child's. I looked at the mother, but found her black as root in the face. The little one was about a foot in height. One of the men threw a cloth over its head and secured it till we could make it fast with a rope; for, though it was quite young, it could walk. The old one was of the bald headed kind, of which I had secured the first known speci mens some months before. I immediately ordered a return to the camp, which we reached towards evening. The little nshiego had been all this time separated from its dead mother, and now, when it was put near her body, a roost t ouc hing scene ensued. The little fellow ran instantly to her , but, touching her on the face and breast, saw evidently that some groat change had happened. For a few minutes ho caressed her, as though trying to coax her back to life. Then ho seemed to lose all hope. His little eyes became very sad, and he broke out in a long plaintive wail, " Oeee ! ooee 1 oeee I" which made my heart ache for him. He looked quite forlorn, a 8 though he really felt his forsaken lot. Tha whole nI I or and quite 'lllll3 was touched at his sorrow s, and the wo moved. e especially rd-lookin All this time I stood wond eringly staring at the white incomprehensible of rtehheencrseibritleuria. reallyndltawmasoreand wei m arvell o us strange animal I never saw. g " While I stood there, up came two l, o, said they, calling f will kill my hunters and began to laugh at me. Look, Ch e ll y me by tho name I was known by among them, " look at your friend. Every time we m a roar at what goril t l h a / N ow. you s ee , l oo k a t your , ey yo th u o t u e g ll h u t s a , Look at your black friend ' ' white friend 1" Then eaa tre i m , 14enoodkor hely ggoootdattikeigh. t hair, all same as you, Soo white faco of your cousin from the bush I lie is Dearer to you than gorilla is to us." And another roar. " Gorilla no got woolly hair liko we. 'This one straight hair, like ycu." " Yes," said I ; " but when he gets old his face is black ; and do you not see his nose how flat it is, like yours ?" Whereat there was a louder laugh than before. For, so long as he can laugh, the negro cams. little against whew the joke goes. As the dry season advanced, and the nights grew cooler, he became exceedingly fond of sitting near the lire with the men in the evening; and Master Tummy seemed then to enjoy himself wonderfully, and quite as much as any human being. From ti me t o t i me h e looked up into the faces , those round him, as if to say, "Do not drive me away and the very white colour of his face contrasted singularly with the black heads around him. His eye was intelligent, and when left to himself his whole countenance a look of sadness, sometimes painful to behold. Many times I tried to penetrate and read the inward thoughts of this won derful little creature, which not only excited my wonder, but that of the natives. Tommy had a reputation quite as great as mine throughout the country. But alas l pi , or Tommy I One morning he refused his food, seemed down cast, and was very anxious to he petted and held in the arms. I got all kinds of forest berries for him, but be re fused all. He did not seem to suffer, but ate nothing ; and next day, without a struggle, died. Poor fellow 1 I was. very sorry, for he had grown up to be quite a pet com panion for me ; and oven tho negroes, though he had given them great trouble, were sorry at his death. With the exception of the Fans, the habits and cur toms of the negroes are much the same in this neighbourhood, all believing in _Fetish and Idols. The Fetish man is the greatest villain that can pos ' sibly be conceived. He holds the lives of the people in his hand, for an accusation of witchcraft will be certain to cause the execution of the party denounced. But other writers have dilated on this subject, so let us accompany M. Chaillu to the unexplored region of the Fan, where hitherto the foot of white man never trod. The first native he met in this country nearly fainted on seeing him (he being in advance of his party), believing him to be the ghost or spirit of some dead relation. However, their minds were soon set at ease, and he was well enter- , tained. The reader may fancy if he can the dis gust which the traveller felt when he found that. his entertainers were professed cannibals ; not eat ing an enemy now and then out of revenge, but making dead bodies a marketable article, salting down what was to spare and purchasing corpses from neighbouring nations. While I was talking to the king to-day (9th), some Fans brought in a dead body which they had bought in a neigh bouring town, and which was now to be divided. I could see that the man had died of some disease. I confess I could not bear to stay for the cutting up of the body, but. retreated when all was ready. It made me sick all over. I remained till the infernal scene was about to begin, and then retreated. Afterwards I could hear them from my house growing noisy over the division. Eating the bodies of persons who have died of sickness is a form of cannibalism of which I had never heard among: any people, so that I determined to inquire if it were in deed a general custom among the Fans, or merely an excep tional freak. They spoke without embarrassment about the whole matter, and I was informed that they constantly buy the dead of the Osheba tribe, who, in return, buy theirs. They also buy the dead of other families in their own tribes, and, besides this, get the bodies o f a great many slaves from the Mbichos and Mbondemos, for which they readily give ivory, at the rate of a small tusk for a body. Until to-day I never could believe two stories—both well authenticated, but seeming quite impossible to any ono unacquainted with this people—whith are told of them oir. Gaboon. A party of Fans who came down to the sea shore once actually stole a freshly -buried body from the cemetery, and cooked it and ate it among them ; and at another time a party conveyed a body- into the woods, cut it up, and smoked the flesh, which they carried away with them. The circumstances made a great fuss among the Mpongwe, and even the missionaries heard of it, for it happened at a village not far from the missionary grounds, but I never credited the stories till now though the fades were well authenticated by witnesses. In fact, the Fans, seem regular ghouls, only they practice their horrid custom unblushingly and in open day, and have no shame about it. I have seen here knives covered with human skin, which their owners valued very highly. The author considers the Fans to be an intelligent race, and supposes human flesh agrees with them ; at all events they are the finest race of negroes ho has met with, making their own knives and building substantial houses after the African kind. There exists a curious notion among the natives that the white people eat the slaves they purchase, and there fore being sold to the coast tribes for exportation is considered a terrible punishment among interior nations. (in his last voyage up the Fernand Vas river, a certain chief, after receiving him most hospitably, sent him to his horror a slave for supper. After some conversation he said— " Be glad, 0 spirit, and eat of the things we give thee." Wherupon, to my astonishment, a slave was handed over to me, bound, and Remandji said; "Kill him and eat him for your evening meal ; he is tender and fat, and you must be hungry." it took me a moment to recover from my astonishment; then I shook my head, spat violently on the ground, and made Minsho tell them that I abhorred the people who ate human flesh, and that I and my people never did so." To which Remandji replied, "We always heard that you white men eat men. Why do you buy our people ? Why do you come from nobody knows where, and carry off our men, women, and children ? Do you not fatten them in your country and eat them ? Therefore I gave you this slave that you might kill him and make glad your heart." M. du Chaillu experienced great kindness from the natives in general ; of course, many tried to impose upon him, but, by coolness and moderation, ho always succeeded in carrying his point and having his own way; and although he was unable in many cases to prevent wanton murder, still he was able,', from the infl uence h e had over the head men, to prevent many atrocities. After nearly five years' absence he returned to America with his numerous collection, and after all his toils and dangers he has the satisfaction of knowing that his name will go down to posterity as one of the most successful and daring of African explorers. We wish, in conclusion, to make a few remarks on a controversy which, from the sensation it has created in all circles, should not be passed over in silence. We refer to the attempts which have been made by a few scientific and many ignorant individuals to cast discredit on M. du Chaillu's narrative. But that so much has been said and written upon the subject we would remain silent, for the calumniators' arguments defeat themselves. The work under consideration is compiled front notes taken at various finite; during a period of four years, and the detractors seize upon every slight incongruity to be met with in its pages; a grand stand has been made in regard to dates which do not altogether agree. Is this a proof that the work is a fiction ? Why, it proves the truth and honesty of the writer, for had the book been written in Mr. Murray's back parlour, as some wiseacres would insinuate, the author would have been careful to be correct in even the slightest de tails. Again, having no other ground to stand upon, they must fall upon the engravings, because they do not always represent the letterpress in every detail. We should like to find any illustrated work which will be found to do so. The plates are well exe cuted, and give the reader a very good idea of the situations which they purport to represent. His description of the eannible Fans is said to be ex aggerated. Well, M. du Chaillu may content himself:.-he is no worse off than Bruce was when he related how the Abyssinians cut steaks off a live bullock. Nobody believed him, and he suffered ridicule instead of reaping praise. Time, however, proved him to be right. So will it be with M. du. Chaillu. And after all, this very detraction, while it acts as an advertisement for his book, cannot in any way impeach the author's veracity, supported as he is by Profeasor Owen, Captain Burton, and other distinguished men; for— " Envy will merit, as its shade, pursue, And, like the shadow, prove the substance true." The Study of the English Language an Essential Part of a University Course; Extension of a Lec ture delivered at the _Royal Institution. By Alex ander S. D. D'Orsey, B.D. Bell.and Daldy. We gave an outline of Mr. D'Orsey's admirabl e lecture on the study of the English Language, im mediately after its delivery at the Royal Institu tion, but it was impossible to do justice to the ex tensive learning, :deep research, good taste, and practical common sense by which it was characte rised, in the meagre abstract furnished by our re port. We are very glad, therefore, to find it is now published in an extended form, copi ous l y illustrg ted with notes and coloured diagram s ; and at Nell y a price (2s. 6d.) as to plaee it within the reszh of every one interested in the subject. And who is not, or at all events, should not be Interested in the subject? It is not, as Mr. D'Orsey specialty, restricted to t p r i u o l f y essi s o a n y a s l , m a mere en Tfo o r it conceens us all to able to say what We have to ssf, whether in speech or writing, clearly, forcibly, and even elegantly, so as to save time and trouble to our neighbours and ourselves, and to please while we interest. We think it better on the present occasion rather to let M. D'Omey speak for himself, than attempt to condense any of the sections into which his lec ture is divided. Here is a brief but excellent his tory of the genealogy of languages :•—• GENEALOGY OP LANGUAGES. Were our lecture on philology, the youngest but most interesting of studies, it would be right to trace in detail the connection between English and the great family to which it belongs. That family is the Indo-European, a term possibly new to some of you, but used to designate the chain of languages, stretching from the Ganges to Mount Hecla, and rapidly spreading over America and Australia. Its Indian branch includes Sanscrit, Hindus tani, and at least forty dialects; its Medo-Persian, the tongues of ancient and modem Persia, Zend, Parsi, &c. ; its Pelaseic, Latin and Greek both old and new, with Portuguese, and R omaunce ; i ts I t e a u li t a o n n , i Dutch, Fle m i s h, E ng li sh, with. Italian., French, S , p an er i m sh a the Scandinavianbranch of Mcaso-Gothic, Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian; its Sclavonic, Russian, Polish, Lithuanian; its C e ltic, Irish, Welsh, Gaelic, and Breton. The clearest idea of the settlement of most of these languages may be formed from the conception of peoples rolling from the East in ',successive waves over Europe. First, in pre-historic (a family di st i nct from t h e I n do- European), ies, theFn l i e n av oiT ng a F rt i a n ri s, o Laps, and Magyars as its sole representatives in our day s; th en Celtic, occupying at t h e outset exteusiTe tracts, but gradually driven to the extreme