The Sun. — London, England, 1834-01-14 00:00:00

SPAIN. MADRID, JAN. I.—lf called upon to judge of the state of the country from the joyous aspect of the paseos of Madrid, it would not be easy to infer that the Court is agitated with cabals, and the provinces involved in insur rection. No alarm is felt, no fear is shown. Don Carlos is scarcely thought of, and if noticed at all, it is bnt to be sneered at and despised. It is an instinctive feeling, which you cannot trace to Biscay or Valencia, but which tells you as plain as words can express that war ie at hand, to which you must ascribe these premonitory symptoms. The Royal review, which has taken place this morning on the heights to the north of the city, has afforded a fresh opportunity for their development. The whole of the garrison was assembled, amounting, all arms in cluded, to at least 14,000 men. The day is the finest of the season. As yet we have had no day without sun shine, and in a January sun no cold is felt, although we are her e more than 20,000 feet above the level of the sea The whole population of the city had issued at an early hour from the gates of Santa Barbara, Les Pczas de Is Nieve, and Fuenearral. The little Queen, the Queen Roger t, and indeed all the members of the Royal Family, were received with that habitual respect which is ever paid in this country willingly, but not boisterously, to the possessors of sovereign power. Every class of the com munity was there, from the proud but courteous grandee in his coach as old as the monarchy, to the humblest pedestrian. The equipages of the diplomatic body were, of coerce, the most brilliant, not a few of them affording unequivocal signs of a Long-acre origin. But, apart from the soldier-like appearance of the troops, the most ani mated part of the spectacle consisted in the rapid and fanciful evolutions of the young gallants of the city, all striving to emulate each other in feats of horsemanship, and to exhibit the points of their Andalusian barbs in presence of all the youth and beauty of Castile. To insure a certain unity of action among the new provincial functionaries, los subdelegados principales de fomento, the Miniver of the Interior, Don Xavier de Burgos, with the approbation of the Queen Regent, has issued a code of instructions for their government. In Illto preamble to the code the new functionaries are de scribed as the immediate agents of the prosperity of the kingdom, and as specially charged with the protection of every legitimate interest. The instructions are arranged uneer the following heads :-1, agriculture; 2, manu factures ; 3, commerce; 4, mines ; 5, municipal insti tutions ; 6, general police ; 7, public education ; 8, economical associations ; 9, hospitals and other charitable institutions ; 10, prisons and houses of correction ; 11, religious fellowships and confraternities; 12, roads and canals ; 13, public libraries and museums; 14, theatres and public amusements; 15, fires, inundations, and earth quakes; 16, the chase and the fisheries; 17, territorial division, and statistics; 18, depopulated districts ; and, 19, general provisions. Agriculture is stated in these instructions to be in a most deplorable condition, in consequence of the present low price, and the constant decrease in the value of the produce of the soil. The subdtlegados will, of course, have to deal with the causes of this depression, peculiar to their respective localities; and it is to such local causes that the Minister has been most anxious in directing his instructions. To judge from the remedies proposed, the evil must have assumed every possible variety of form. A large proportion of them may be classed under the term " privilege," which here, as elsewhere, is something given to one part of the community, at the expense of their fellow citizens. Sometimes it is provided in favour of a particular agricultural district, that nothing shall enter a town or city, within its limits, but what has grown upon its soil. In other places, the city has the privilege of preventing the exportation of the produce of a certain territory around it. To obviate these evils, it appears that a commission has just been appointed to examine the laws on the subject of these restrictions and mo nopolies, and to suggest the means for their modifi cation or removal. A separate commission is also to be appointed, to inquire into the propriety of abo lishing those public granaries which were established for providing against seasons of scarcity when sound prin ciples of political economy were little understood. The means proposed for arresting the deterioration in the race of sheep, the produce of which was formerly so great a source of wealth in this country, are not likely to be at tended with equal effect, because the evil is less under legislative influence or administrative control. The wools of England, France, and Saxony, are known to be now superior to those of Spain, and it is to be feared that the entreaties and exhortations, the authority and the exam ple, the premiums and rewards recommended in these in structions, will not do much to recover the loss which this country has sustained in its breed of Merinoes. It is strongly impressed on the subdelegates in allusion to the system of irrigation at one time so general in this country, that water is the blood pf the land, and that in the canals for its distributions lie the life and prosperity of agriculture. It is only, however, by the application of capital is a very considerable amount, and a combination of individaal exertions to an extent which has long been unknown in this country, that the course of rivers can be arrested, and reservoirs constructed such as those which existed in the time of the Moors. When Spain shall have been regenerated under the new sys tem of M. de Burgos, who seems to contemplate no thing short of a revolution, foreign capital may be at. tracted to the country, and the spirit of association may be engendered among the natives. The thirsty soils of the south may then be covered with verdure, as in the days of the Saracen., the marshes of the north be drained, and the waste lands restored to cultivation. On this subject, on the rights of common pasturage. and on the mode of fixing the boundaries between coterminous proprietors, new laws are now promised, which if conceived in the spirit of these instructions must be attended with the best possible off.-cts. The subdelegates are directed to offer every possible encouragement to the growth of timber, the want of which, for the purposes of fuel, buildine, and irrigation is severely felt in this country. The culture of silk is also treated as an important branch of agricultural wealth, and as tending to promote both domestic industry end foreign commerce. In many parts of Spain the cul tivation of flax and hemp is obstructed by the want of the tanning streams which are necessary to its preparation. 'The Minister recommends the introduction of the dry pro cess, by means of machinery, and in this, as in other in stances, he evidently means that his new subdelegates are AO be so many schoolmasters, whom he sends abroad to instruct the people net merely in a theoretical knowledge of the useful arts, but in their local and practical applica tion. Allusion is also made to the possibility of raising a number of exotic productions, experience having proved the possibility of introducing several important articles and naturalizing them to the climate. It is stated that 25 years ago cotton was produced in Granada to the annual value of 12,000,000 reels, and that a few years earlier an equal annual value was raised in sugars. The cotton and sugar district extends, it is said, along 40 leagues in breadth of the southern coast, sufficient, in the opinion of the Mini ster, to provide for the whole consumption of the peninsula. The culture of coffee on a large scale, of the cochineal plant, and of indigo, is also strongly recommended. The a4vice thus given is extended to natural productions not strictly exotic, such as those which grow at present in Spain, but in different latitudes of the kingdom. It is pro nosed, for instance, that the plants and trees of the north should be naturalized in the centre and south, however difficult it might be to proceed in the inverse ratio ; and on this, as on all other mutters, when the sub-delegates find that their powers are not sufficiently extensive, they are directed to apply to the Queen's Government for their enlargermi`nt- The first of the general provisions amounted to this--that they are not in any case to order or prohibit what is not ordered or prohibited by law, by a decree of the Queen, or by the special instructions of the 'Minister. The new functionary, therefore, is neither to be vested with the arbitrary power of the Captain-General, nor is he to be permitted to exercise that power by the Viceroy's delegation. In the official statement of the affair at Guernica, from which the account contained in my last was taken, some interesting circumstances are said to have been omitted. It appears that the Baron de Solar, with his troops, was allowed to enter that town without opposition : a circum stance which induced him to believe that the place had been abandoned. Ile had, in consequence, ordered his men to pile their arms in one of the streets, and was far fa , om suspecaing any danger, when a tremendous fire was ma idenly opened upon his troops by the rebels from the windows and tops of the houses. It is added that the in habitants; and even the women, of the place to ok part n this attac h, which was made not only with fire-arms, but with stones and every kind of missile. After suffering considerable loss, the Baron was forced to evacuate the town ; but he immediately returned, and attacked, and took the place in the manner described in the statement of the Gazelle. The foregoing particulars, however, have been entirely suppressed. The Biscayans have a super stitious kind of respect for the town of Guernica. It was the cradle of their liberties, and the place where their forefathers, sitting under the fsmous tree (Atbol de Guernica), which is, or was, not long since, to be seen there, formed the charter of rights which they still enjoy. They seem to have the same reverence for it as the Par. thistle bad for the spot where the hones of their fathers were deposited. It is, therefore, no wonder that, believing as they do those rights to be in danger, they should have made there so desperate a stand. 137 letters (rem Salamanca, under date 28114 December, we learn that the Count de Negri, who had been con demned to imprisonment for a certain number of years as a conspirator against the rights of the young Queen, and who had escaped from confinement, was arrested on the frontiers of Portugal, not far from the city above-mentioned, by the alcade of a village, who recognised him just as he was about to effect his evasion into that country. He was disguised in the dress of a muleteer, and was conducting two mules laden with cloth. He is now again a prisoner in Ciudad Rodrigo. The Queen's favourite, Teresita, the milliner, has at length come to the end of her career. She has lost the favour of her mistress, and been banished from the Court. To add to her misfortune her effects have been sealed, and an inventory is to be made of the whole before any of them are delivered. rittex, OF STOCK- TH I Bank Steer 212 13 3 per Cent. Red. 8836 9 8% 3 per Cenr.Cons. BBl4 %A 336 per Cent Ditto Red 971 P4 7 New 3% per Cent 96% % % rer Cent. Ann. 1773 - 4 per Cent. 1826 lO3 % Bank Lonz Ann. to expire Jan. 5, 186' al7 1-16 Oct. 10, 1859 Jan. 5, IESO .:16 11-16 % Jan. 5, 1880 Aprils, 1880 - Jan. 5, 1870 PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS Austrian Bonds 98% 8 Belgian Bonds c3i4 Ditto Account 96% Brazilian Bonds 6B Ditto Account 68 Buenos Ayres Bonds — Ditto Account 2114 Chilian Bonds — Ditto Account M',4 Columbian Bonds 19% Ditto Account = Ditto Bonds, 1824 Ditto Account 22 Danish Bon 3 73% Ditto Account 73% Greek Bonds Ditto Bonds, 1825. Ditto Account — Mexican Bonds, 5 per cent Q 9 Ditto Account DIU 0, 6 per cent f!SU I)itto Account '38% Neapolitan.-- .............. 89 PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAT AT ONE O'CLocr. Paid. Per Share. Alten Mining Company £7 Anglo Mex. Min. Co. (iss. at 51. pm ) £lOO Bolanos Mining Company £l5O Brazilian Mining Company £s Brazilian Imp. Min. Co. (iss. at 51. pm.) £2O Ditto National 22% Ditto St. John Del Rey Cata Branca Mining Company 3% British Iron Mininv Company £so Columbian Mininf, Co. this at 5/. pm.) 51% English Mining Company 12% General Mining Association l2 Hibernian Mining Co £lo Mexican Mining Co. £4B Real dcl Monte Mining Co.— (unreg.) United Mex. Min. Co. (iss. at 21. pm.) 40 Ditto New Scrip 5 Alliance Fire Insurance Comp. lO National Provincial Bank of England 5 TURKEY. CONETANTINOPLE, DEC. 17.—Letters from Aleppo, dated Nov. 25, contain the following information, the veracity of which may entirely be relied upon : —" Ibrahim Pacha made his entry into our town on the 25th October. This General constantly expresses the best intentions towards Syria. Unfortunately his doings have hitherto been contrary to his promises. Immediately after his ar rival he raised the contribution termed 111ouharemie, which Scheriff Bey, moved by compassion on witnessing the misery of the inhabitants, had kindly put off. His High ness then made a demand of 1,000 men to form a regi ment, of which he is to be colonel. After putting in requisition the sons of the principal families, rather in order to have hostages than, officers, he felt very much disappointed to see that all the men above fifteen, had run away from the town or hidden themselves. The soldiers of the garrison, in compliance with orders, forced open during the night the houses pointed out by the spies, and seiz -d the inhabitants while asleep. The greatest confusion prevailed throughout the town. Women ran fran tic through the streets asking for their husbands or children, and children crying aloud for their fathers. The old men were unmercifully bastinadoed till they revealed where their sons had concealed themselves. We have bad for several (Lys before our eyes the most heart-rending scenes. These harsh measures failing in obtaining the required number of soldiers, the elders of the town were forced to furnish each their contingent. For this money became very necessary, and the population of the town was obliged to pay between 4,000 and 5,000 purses. . _ "On the 22d inst. Ibrahim left this town. After visiting Jerusalem, Damascus, and the principal places in Syria, his intention is to return to Antioch, which as a place of residence he prefers to every other. His father has approved his choke. His Highness talks of carrying several new plans into execution in our country. His favourite one is that of uniting the Euphrates to the Orontes by a canal. This undertaking depends, however, on the possession of the Pachalic of Bagdad and Mesa potamia, to which it would appear lie aspires. " The new Government has already begun interfering with our privileges as Europeans. The principal question for the moment is relating to tbo , e natives employed by the consuls and merchants. Boghoz Bey, Minister for Foreign Relations at Alexandria, has now, for the second time, been addressed on the subject." This description of the state of things in Syria, though not of a very promising nature for the future, is neverthe less exact. Complaints become louder and louder every day, and every one apprehends that henceforth our situa tion can only change from bad to worse. A deputation of Candiots arrived her e on the 12th, and immediately presented themselves at the Porte with a pe tition, signed by the principal inhabitants of the island, both Turks and Rajahs. After enumerating the numerous vexations to which Mehemet Ali's administration has sub jected them, contrary to the solemn promises made to them during his stay in Candia, they represent the b ba rons manner in which the troops under the command of Mustapha Pacha have lately acted against the natives. Thirty-five individuals, of whom five were Turks, and the rest Greeks, were, according to their statement, hung by the Pacha's orders, without undergoing any trial. They implored the interference of the Porte in their behalf. The Turkish Minister forwarded a copy of this memorial to the Ambassadors of England, Fiance, and Russia, re questing them, as their Governments guaranteed the inha bitants of Crete that they should live free and unmolested, under the mild administration of the Paella of Egypt, to inquire into the matter ; and in case they found the com plaints of the petitioners warranted by facts, to make due representations to Mehemet Ali, and invite him to desist from a system which inevitably would bring about the ruin of that island. In my letter of the 10th instant I told you that a note bad been presented to the Porte by the Russian Minister, declaring the firm resolution which the Emperor had ex pressed upon receiving information of the protest made by the Ambassadors of England and France at Constantinople against the treaty conclud.d in July between Turkey and Russia, of remaining, in spite of every opposition, faithful to his engagements. I informed you also that a courier, bearer of the Sultan's answer, had in haste been sent to St. Petersburgb. Preparations for the defence of the Dardanelles were immediately ordered. 7,000 men, encamped at Nicomedia, have marched to the fortresses. The garrison on their arrival will amount to 20,000. The troops at Adrianople have received orders to hold them selves in readiness. Several Russian engineers, it is reported, who lately arrived from Sebastopol, have been sent to Gallipoli. The fleet of Russia in the Black Sea is, as mentioned in my list, ready to sail. Every ship capable of putting to sea has been armed, after an order from St. Petersburgh, dated November 26th. Every one here considers war as inevitable. The news of the arrival of reinforcements to the English and French fleets at Vourla has cvcrjoyed the Turks, and they are enraged to see that at a moment when prompt and energetic measures should be taken so much time should be spent in unprofit able negotiations. The effervescence of public. spirit is such at present, and so enraged is every Mussulman against the Sultan, that many persons feel confident, that on the news of the arrival of the French and English fleet at the Dardanelles reaching this, Mahmoud would forfeit either his life or his throne before a week was over. Mr. Constantine Mano, secretary of the Greek Minister appointed to Constantinople (M. Zograplros), arrived here on the 13th. -•. The news from Bagdad has produced much uneasiness at the Porte ; Ali Paella, after being completely defeated by the insurgents, has been compelled to shut himself up in the citadel. There is little chance of his succeeding in reinstating his authority in the pachalic, the Sultan having no disposable force to send to his assistance, and the troops under his orders not amounting to 2,000. The English Ambassador has demanded his dismissal, in con sequence of his insolent conduct towards the English resi dent at Bagdad. lie not only bistinadoed and imprisoned his interpreter and servants, but obliged Colonel Taylor to pay 10,000 piastres before he would consent to release them. So little is, however, the political consideration enjoyed by the English—so great the contempt which their unmeaning conduct has obtained for them—tbat Lord Ponsonby's demand will not be thought even worth the attention of the members of the Divan. Of late espe cially, even in questions of the most trifling nature, the Turks in office seem purposely to have done every thing in their power to convince the English of the little regard in which they are held. BILBERRIES AT CHRISTMAS.—Last week a person named Thomas Bargh, gathered a number of bilberries in Barlow Woods, near Chesterfield. The author of " Wild Sports of the West" has the happy art—the art allotted to so few—of making himself at home everywhere, and placing his reader on the same easy footing. Thus we have him " hail fellow, well met," with a grim old smuggler, whose brandy—and we suspect be is a judge of these matters—he pronounces ex cellent, and so wins the gruff dog's heart; the next, booz ing with a party of six bottle sportsmen, one half of whom he has the satisfaction of seeing safely stretched at full 1. ngth under the table ; now bandying jokes, giving anec dote for anecdote, and piling load upon load of jolly exaggerations, with a half savage otter hunter ; and anon, sympathising with one eye while he laughs with the other, at the sorrows of a cockney, who finds himself in the very heart of the wilds of Galway. Our literature is singularly deficient in lively graphic works of this sort. Numerous characteristic illustrations embellish the volumes. THE HEIR OF HEATO NT-..0n Tuesday last, the ceremony of christening Lord Grey de Wilton, the infant heir of the Earl of Wilton was performed at Prest wich Church, which appeared very gay on the occasion, ten or twelve carriages being in attendance. The Rev. Mr. Lyon christened the infant heir—Arthur Edward Hollan d G re y. Lady Elizabeth was also christened at the same time. The godfathers to the heir are the Duke of Lord Skelunersdale ; Lord Robert Grosve for the Duke, but Lord Skelmersdale at- N n V o e r ll N i v n a g s to p n ro a x n y d tended in person. Mr. Egerton, of Tatton,Mrs. Hibbert, and Lady Robert Grosvenor, stood for Lady Elizabeth. In the evening a most splendid banquet was served np to a very large company at the Hall. At ten dancing com menced, and was kept up with great animation till four in the morning. The Countess looked uncommonly well, and added to the gay scene by joining in the magic move ments of the ball room. On Wednesday the noble Earl again displayed his English hospitality to a numerous company..—Liverpool Chronicle. . _ LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 14, 1834. The Augsburg Gazette, which arrived this morning, contains copies of the notes exchanged between the British and Russian Cabinets. We subjoin them without comment, having already so fully expressed our opinion of the leading points which had previously transpired. The answer of Russia bears the date of October. How was it that more than two months elapsed before the Duke de BROGLIE discovered that it was quite satisfactory ? " First—The undersigned Charge d'Affaires of his Majesty the King of the French has received orders to express to the Cabinet of St. Petersburgh the pro f,und affliction felt by the French Government on learning the conclusion of the treaty of the Bth of July last, between his Majesty the Emperor of Russia and the Grand Seignor. In the opinion of the King's Govern ment, this treaty assigns to the mutual relations exist ing between the Ottoman Empire and Russia, a new character against which the Powers of Europe have a right to protest. The undersigned is therefore instructed to declare, that if the stipulations of this act should sub sequently lead to an armed intervention of Russia in the internal affairs of Turkey, the French Government, acting from that moment as if the treaty bad no existence, will consider itself at full liberty to adopt such a line of conduct as may b suggested by circumstances. The undersigned has likewise been ordered to make known to the Imperial Cabinet, that a similar declaration has been transmitted to the Ottoman Porte by his Majesty's Ambassador at Constantinople. (Signed) " J. DE LAGRENEE. " St. Petersburgh, October, 1833." " The undersigned has received the note in which M. J. de Lagrenee, Charge d'Affaires of his Majesty the King of the French, has signified to him the profound regret which the conclusion of the treaty of the Bth of July i between Russia and the Porte has occasioned to the French Government, without, at the same time stating either the motives of that regret or the nature of the objections to which the treaty can give rise. The undersigned cannot, therefore, be acquainted with them ; still less can he understand them. In fact the treaty of the Bth of July is merely defensive : it has been concluded between two independent powers in the plenitude of their rights ; it is without prejudice to the interests of any other State whatsoever. What then can be the objections which other Powers can justly think themselves authorised to make against such a transaction ? Above all, how can they declare that they do not acknowledge it to be of any value, unless it be their object to overthrew an empire which the treaty is intended to preserve ? " But such cannot be the design of the French Go vernment. It would he at open variance with all the de. clarations made by it at the period of the late troubles in the East. The undersigned must consequently suppose that the opinion stated in the note of M. de Lagrenee rests upon incorrect data, and that when more accurately informed on the subject by the communication which the Porte has recently made in respect of the treaty to the French Ambassador at Constantinople, his Go vernment will better appreciate the value and the utility of a transaction, the spirit of which is no less pacific than conservative, It is true that this act changes the nature of the relations between Russia and the Porte; for in the room of long-continued hostility, it substitutes that friendship and that confidence in which the Turkish Government will henceforth find a guarantee for its stability, and if necessary, means of defence calcu lated to insure its preservation. In this conviction, and guided by the purest and most disinterested intentions; his Majesty, the Emperor, is resolved in case of necessity, ro discharge faithfully the obligations imposei on him by this treaty of the Bth of July; thus acting as if the de claration contained in the note of M. de Lagrenee had no existence. (Signed) " NESSELRODE." " St. Petersburgh, Oct., 1833. We have received the Paris Papers of Sun day. They are chiefly filled with a report of the speech of M. HUMANN, the Finance Minister, in the course of which he announces that a loan has become necessary to cover the deficit in the Budget, to which allusion was made in The Sun of yesterday. This falling off in the finances, added to the dissatisfaction occasioned by the retractation of the sentiments expressed by the Foreign Minister respecting Poland and Russia, has given rise to a report in Paris that a change of Ministry is at hand. This report is by no means improbable, for independently of the circumstances refereed to, we have reason to know that the Ministry are by no means satisfied with the tone of the Chamber of Deputies. So far as the mainte nance of public order, and the support of mo narchical institutions, are concerned, the Cha►n her will co-operate with the Ministry ; but the Deputies, with the exception of the direct Ministerial partisans, who are so from place or other ties of interest, will exercise a considerable degree of independence. In the last year they made many concessions to the Government, a nd strengthened its hands against the republicans• This year they will think seriously of making concessions to public opinion as the only chance of their re-election. It is astonishing how very patriotic the approach of a general election makes the representatives of a people. They are as cooing and coaxing during the last session as a schoolmaster is during the month preceding the holidays, in order that his pupils may forget the ill-usage of the four months, and report the kindness of the fifth. The papers contain no news of interest from Spain. It is stated, however, in private letters from Bayonne, that there are symptoms of revolt at Toledo, and that General RoDIL, in expectation of an attack in the direction of Zamora, has written to Madrid for reinforce ments. We lately indulged ourselves in forming some conjectures and making some suggestions as to the measures to be brought forward by the Mi nistry, in the approaching session, with reference to England. We shall now apply ourselves to Ireland, but before proceeding thither, we beg leave to state the means which exist in England for affording relief to Ireland—we mean in the removal of restraints which derange and repress industry. Surplus labour and surplus capital are anomalies in an industrious and intelligent country, and such surplus could not arise but by reason of such restraints, the removal of which would not only enable us to employ our own population, but we should require assistance in labour from Ireland. There are about twenty seven millions of acres in cultivation in England. If these twenty-seven millions of acres were cul tivated as they ought to be, the crop could not be reaped without Irish labourers. In the low country of Scotland, where a produce of be tween forty and fifty bushels per acre is no un common crop, it could not be cut down without the Highlanders, who flock to the low country in autumn to assist in getting in the harvest. There from forty to fifty reapers may be seen in many fields, when so many as four or five are not to be seen in any field in England. This is one instar.ce. Another may be given in the manufacture of glass, where for one man now employed in it, perhaps not less than one hundred would, but for the monopoly occasioned by the excessive duty, the removal of which is of the more importance at the present time, when money is rising in exchangeable value, be - cause glass might be substituted for many articles for which gold and silver are used, and we might surpass all the world in this beautiful manufacture, as we have done in China, which last we never should have done if its manufacture, like that of glass, had been put under the trammels of the excise. Ireland suffers from the effects of a bad go vernment for several centuries, many of which will require time to remove. Scotland did not benefit from her union with England for nearly half a century after it. But since the year 1760 there is no country in the world which has advanced so rapidly in improvement. Ireland, however, is also suffering from a course of improvement by which England and Scot land once suffered, we mean, by small holdings being converted into proper sized farms. This is a course of improvement which should not be interfered with, but provision should be made for the dispossessed ; and it so happens that Ireland contains within herself the means of doing so. There are nearly three millions of English acres of bogs in Ireland traversing that country from east to west, like a belt, from sea to sea, while all the rivers in Ireland run from north to south. Nature thus presents the means of draining and improving these bogs, by carrying off the waters from which into the coterminous rivers, the bogs may not only be easily drained ; but the benefits of navigation may be combined with those of drainage. It is impossible that these benefits can be attained, or that the ob stacles to the improvement of the bogs presented by the numerous claims upon them can be re moved otherwise than through public commis sioners. In our own remembrance, when the Highlands of Scotland suffered from the introduc tion of sheep farming, as Ireland is doing now from the enlargement of farms, Lord SIDMoUTH'S Government opened employment to the sufferers by the Highland Roads and Bridges Act, and by the Act for making the Caledonian Canal. For these purposes Commissioners were ap pointed to hold their sittings at Westminster, in order that they might be thus removed from all jobbing, and all local prejudice and bias. So, in order to give the means of locating the dispossessed from small holdings in Ireland, Commissioners should be appointed to hold their sittings in Westminster for the drainage of the bogs of Ireland. When agreements shall be made, as they may be made by such Commissioners, with proprietors of bog land for its improvement, there will be no difficulty in finding contractors able and willing, at their own risk and expense, to undertake the drainage and improvement, and thus the whole of these bogs capable of cultiva tion may be rendered productive, at a compa ratively small expense to the public, while immediate employment, to a considerable extent, may be given to the poor of Ireland. As the making of the Caledonian Canal was intrusted to Commissioners at Westminster, so the superintendence of the navigation of the Shannon should be given to such Commissioners. A board for this purpose no doubt exists in Ireland ; but its means have been perverted and abused, and the works have been neglected. This noble river rises in the county of Roscom mon, and, forming a succession of navigable lakes in its progress, reaches the sea below Limerick, after rolling 200 miles. At its source are the finest seams of coal and iron-stone in the world, remaining useless in the bowels of the earth, from the want of the means of transport, through the neglect of the navigation, and the want of capital and industry in Ireland, which may receive an impulse through the establish ment of such commissions. The forming of proper roads of general com munication we think also should be confided to such a commission. But here the Government, we are afraid, must go further than they did in Scotland, in the first instance, though we think also with less ultimate expense. For making Highland roads and bridges the Government advanced only one half of the expense, upon the other half being previously advanced by those who desired to have the road made or the bridge built. We believe the Greek calends will arrive before one half the expense will be raised by landowners in Ireland. We, therefore, propose that Government shall lend the whole money required to make a road upon the security of the land in the parishes through which it passes. An immediate advance of the whole expense will thus be required, but the value of the land will be so much improved by the road passing through it, that the whole expense may be got back in a reasonable time. If an example shall be thus set, and a stimulus thus given to Ireland by the Government, we have no doubt it will be followed by individuals. There is a Highland society in Scotland for the improvement of the Highlands. Why should there not be an Irish society for the im provement of Ireland ? There is a society for the improvement of the British fisheries, which has establishments on the North and West coasts of Scotland. Why should there not be such a society for the improvement of the Irish fisheries, and many others ? But there is another public measure which we desire to press upon our rulers, namely, the with drawing entirely of the local government of Ireland. Let there be an end of the Lord Lieutenant, of the castle, its favourites, and all its as system of favouritism. h e Secretaryis for be England, Secretaryan d a n dioeit. StatethL e et t w h for e Hm Irelande govern ment of Ireland (and Scotland too) be thoroughly British. The German Papers, which arrived this morning, contain accounts from Constantinople of the 19th ult. They state that the British and French fleets have, on the remonstrances of the Divan, been ordered to Toulon and Malta as their winter stations. Hence it is inferred that all apprehension of war is groundless. This inference is certainly a reasonable one, so far as regards the point lately in dispute, for the British and French Governments have purchased a temporary respite by a further concession to Russia. They have found out, like Acres in the play of the Rivals, that no offence was intended, and that there is no necessity for fighting. It must not be imagined, however, that, as in the instance to which we have alluded, there was any dread of hard knocks. The secret lies in the want of pecuniary means to carry on a war, The French budget exhibits a deficiency of three millions sterling, and Lord ALTHORP, so far from having a few millions to spare for the ser vice of the Admiralty and the Horse Guards, is at his wit's end to find the means of making good the deficiency which is expected to result from a further remission of taxes. In this case' ' we pocket the affront, and let Russia do as she likes, magnanimously reserving the power of as serting that we have not been affronted. All this is very well for the moment ; but it should be borne in mind that concession to Russia does not prevent, although it may delay, the breaking out of a war, and that delay with us in such a case is full of disadvantages and danger. The schemes of Russia are not quite ripe for execution, and, therefore, she consents to a sort of compromise! When they shall have ripened she will be in a still better condition to offer defiance, and we, probably, shall be in a worse condition to carry on a war which shall have become an affair of necessity. The British and French Governments appear to have taken too limited a view of Russian ambition and of its probable consequences to Europe. France, however, is doubly in terested in resisting at once the aggression of the Emperor NICHOLAS, for with her it is not merely a point of prudence to resist Russia as respects her commerce and her influ ence over other States, but also of necessity as regards her political existence. Russia is not contented with attacking Great Britain and France through her increased power in Turkey, but she also sets on the German Sovereigns to assemble a Congress at Vienna, at which ar rangements are to be made to exclude every thing liberal from the whole of Germany, and to create an alliance specially directed against those institutions by which France is now governed. The slightest reflection, therefore, will show that in conceding to Russia France is preparing the way for the destruction of her own independence. Many of the provincial papers in the agricul tural interest have been publishing the following statement, originally made, we believe, by the Glasgow Courier : " While British landholders are asleep, the Americans are pouring their wheat into Canada, to be ground there, and then sent to this country as colonial flour. Last year the importation into the Clyde of what is called Ca nadian flour was equal to about a sixth part of all the electoral district of Glasgow. It will rapidly increase, and in a few years it will effect a reduction in the price of corn nearly as great as if the trade were free. The average value of flour in the corn exporting districts of the United States is about 21s. ; freight to Liverpool, 21. ; total cost in Liverpool, 235. ; present price of wheat imported from Canada, 321. Profit by the transit through Canada, 95." We think there is some exaggeration here as to the low average price of corn in the exporting districts of the United States, and it is certain that in some of the States of the Union 40s. is a usual price. It is, however, perfectly true that the price is low enough to give a pr o fit t o the kind of operation described, nay, even to taking Baltic wheat to Canada and bringing it back again. The British landholders will soon awake, we hope, not as our contemporary desires, to the necessity of further " protection," but of a law which will, by its encouragement of direct trade, not render such circuitous operations necessary. They may depend upon it that any restrictive law will some how or other be just as inoperative as the present. It is not often that we have occassion to ad mire the conduct of police Magistrates in cases concerning the industrious poor. Poverty, ge nerally speaking, is an unwelcome guest at a police-office, and little care is taken to distinguish between industry and idleness if both be clothed in rags. It will be seen, however, from a case at Marlborough-street, in this day's Sun, ths l this observation is not applicable to the conduct of the Magistrate, Mr. CONANT, with reference to some poor fruit-sellers who were charged b a police officer with the enormous offal of endeavouring to obtain bread for their children by selling fruit in the streets on Sunday' Mr. CONANT very properly remarked onzthi cruel officiousness of the police towards. t, crime" their creatures, and said th a t h e sa w n o crime'. their conduct, an observation in which, wittrOlit being deficient in respect for the sacred character 01 the day, we cordially concur. There can be 110 reason, in a religious point of view, for driving poor women from the streets where they OA and industriously labour for the support of their families, merely because the churches are o pen for divine service, considering that a thousand shops other occ u p at i ons, not at al l more h arm iesl than their own, . necessarily p go on, t o l re lo of fruint., permitted to be open. Mr. CONANT AP' pears to set a very just estimate upon th l affectation of piety in a certain class of per' sons who know not the necessity of labour, 01 who can at least afford to exchange labour fe l recreation on Sunday, and he recommends a ces' sation of those restrictions by which many pOO l persons are prevented from earning the mean of supporting themselves and their families, 10 1 which are as much opposed to the doctrines of Christianity as they are at variance with the toi l interests of society, which require that ever] facility should be given to the poor in their endeavour to obtain a maintenance by hone industry. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE-(THIS DAY. FROM LLOYD'S. DEAL, JAN. 13.—Wind S.W., strong.— Arrived, and sail for the River, the Lady Feversham, from Bombay. PORTSMOUTH, JAN. 13.—A hard gale, wind from S.S. W.S. W.—Arrived the Favourite, Young, from Zante. PLYMOUTH, JAN. 12.—Wind S.W., fresh.—Put back, Samuel Robertson, Greswold, from London to New York, lea) after being in long. 18. FALMOUTH, JAN. 12.—Wind W.N. W. to W., fresh gales g squally. JERSEY, JAN. 11 . —Arrived the Groz, Alexandre, from Bilb BRISTOL, JAN. 13.—Arrived the Henry and Caroline from Petersburgh. LIVERPOOL, JAN. 12.—Arrived the Elizabeth, Sandersc from Maranham ; Archer, Smith, from Porto Cabello; Adelai Ainsley, from Jamaica ; and Governor Harcourt, Huntli from New Orleans. ow port, the Buoyant, Ponsonby, from Petersburgh. Sailed the Spartan, LumEden, for Singapore. DUBLIN, JAN. 11.—Arrived the James Holmes, Morris, irC Demerara; and Anna, Richards, from London. BELFAST, JAN. 11.—Arrived the Don Juan, Owens, fo London. CoRK, JAN. 11.—Arrived the Voluna, Yates, from Lir pool, leaky, boat, bulwarks, &c. stove, having been struck a sea in long. 19. ; and Peninsula, Joblin, from London. LIMERICK, JAN. 11.—Arrived the Ann, Oak, and no Pace, from London. The Wexford, from Limerick to Galway, has been tov into Kilrush, with 6 feet water in the held, having been on all( The Thomas Warham, Robson, from Newcastle to Lond , struck on the Corton Sand on Saturday, and filled with via —crew saved. The Trusty, Welch, from Gallipoli to Liverpool, is on she near Portland Roads, but is expected to be got off: The Belfast steamer, from London to Calais, is on shore ni the latter port, but expected to be got off. The Kitty and Ann, from Dublin to Carlingford, was shore near the former port —crew saved. COURT OF EXCHEQUER-(THIS DAY. SIMPSON V. RALPH. This was an action to recover a surgeon's bill, which W tried before one of the Secondaries of the city of London, Vih' a verdict was found for the plaintiff for 111. On the trial It was proved that the plaintiff had attended tl defendant for an affection of the eyes, and his wife for a pall tation of the heart and a bad cough, from the spring till ti Christmas of 1832, and that during that time he sent in med cines very frequently. A surgeon was also called to prove 01 the cases were surgical ones, and that for attendance and t/ medicines necessary for them, 11/. was a fair and reasonal? charge. The balance was proved to have been paid. A chyltt' was also put in the box, to prove that the plaintiff had not aCV" as an apothecary, but had written his prescriptions and sent the °, to the chymist to be made up, but in his cross.examination said that after 1831 he had made up no medicines for sl' e Mr. Cummiso now moved for a rule to show cause why the verdict should not be set aside and a new trial had, on t'''',' ground that the plaintiff not being an apothecary could not recover for any medicines he had supplied, and that in the verdict or bill of particulars, there was no distincti ° between the charges for the surgical treatment, and those Pr, medicine. If the verdict was allowed to stand, the Act o', Parliament would be a dead letter, for then any one could se it at defiance. h ad Mr. Baron 13svtEv (who presided) said a surgeon a perfect right to recover for his treatment of a 0 ; gical case, even though he should have offended again s the Act—but he very much doubted whether a iu r : geon, administering an incidental dose of medicine, realli brought himself within the penal clauses of the Act. In al present case there was no evidence that he had done more/ and, in his opinion, the verdict ought not to be disturbed. The other Judges concurred, and the rule was refused. ised. ) CIL !nch no" vu impo r ssian theYnrl , e aga io ia. rived decree c ministe ( ied it pr ? os's ion in the NatiolV, lementar i tates war Wl ° suing he It has n ° 11 80 %> y will 0 0 the Cio as for sr o arriva l DNB, partpolitico o,ly : relating expected e t ° save boo , and aur. f the 13r i ' 49% 4i si• CIL is eve r o's read' lid dosvoi aturcial ge,wh o !y's, No : nself. 'aunt bsu I It he wa s tly after' airs int o I carving' t m b r a o n u li g e b r: lad coin' 'e bled to the spot !re be 11l DAY A'z' ON k O'CLOCK. New 5 per Cent. India Stock Ditto 80nd5..., .....25 25 23 25 pm. South Sea Stock !Old Annuities,. 86% !New Ditto 3 per Cent. Ann. 1751 Ex. Bills, X1,000...48 49 47 pm. Ditto .500...48 49 47 pm. Ditto Small 4B 49 47 prn. Ditto Commercial ...... pm. Ditto Advertised ..... pm. Bank for Account India for Account Cons. for Account 8 9 3.i % THIS DAY AT ONE 0 CLOCK. Peruvian Bonds , gll Portuguese Bonds 57 t A Ditto Account Ditio New Bonds Ditto Acconnt 57 6% Prussian Bonds lO2 :- - • Ditto Bonds, NU IO2 Russian Bonds, 1822 11 3 7,4 Ditto Account 10 4 14 Ditto 111 1034 Spanish Bonds, 1821 23 1 4 % Ditto Ace._ ._ '2314 ki Nii; Bonds, 1823 2o 's - 4. Ditto Account 20% French Rentes, sp. c. —f —c, Exchange —f —c. —ft per cent. —f. - Exchange —f Dutch, 21 p. c. 49% Ditto Account 49% Ditto, 5 p. 95 1 ,1 Ditto Account 95% French Scrip 4 pm. Due. i Arrived. Arrived. Due. O America 0 0 Hamburg 1 O Brazil 0 Buenos Ayres 0 0 Jamaica 0 O Carthagena 0 0 Leeward Islands ... 0 1 Dublin 0 0 Lisbon 0 O Flanders 0 i 0 Malta 0 1 France 0 0 Sweden 1 Guernsey &Jersey.. 0 2 Waterford HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORROW. Morning.. 20 minutes after 5.1 Evening... 37 minutes after 5. THE FUNDS.-(THIS DAY.) CITY, TWEL VE O'CLOCK• The only foreign arrival this morning is the French with the express from Paris, which conveys to us two tant notes which passed between the French and Russian vernments on the subject of the late treaty between the and Russia. The first note is the protest of France the treaty of July, and the latter the answer of Russia. By the French mail this morning, we have received Madrid Gazette to the Ist inst., which contains a decree the Queen of Spain, confirming M. Burgos to be the Mi of Finances, as up to the said period he only exercised it interim. The private letters from Madrid state, that Burgos's , tive nomination to that office has caused a great sensation in capital ; inconsequence of which a great fall in the - and Foreign Securities had taken place, and a Suppk. Gazette, published on the night of the 30th ult., states great agitation prevailed in the capital. THE FUNDS. It is still the general opinion in the City that no war take place with Russia, although she is still continuing preparations in the various ports of the Black Sea. It has effect on the Funds. Consols opened at the price they left off yesterday, 89% for the Account, with nothing doing. The Paris Papers give us a report that a change will place in the French Ministry, which is doubted in the The information from Spain is of the same colour as for veral days past, unfavourable. As yet we have no from Portugal. The Foreign Market is inactive; prices as yesterday. HALF-PAST ONE. We have a blank day in the City in respect to polit information, owing to no fresh arrival since the early part the morning, but we understand that a courier is e daily from St. Petersburgh with important despatchesrelat the affairs of Turkey. The Funds continue in a stagnant state. Consols ha: during the morning, at Ts for the Account, and February, 69 7i 9°, with little doing to the p rese nt hour. The Foreign Market is in the same state as t h at o f t h e tish, without any interest. Brazil 6S ; Dutch 49% B e l g ian 961 ; Portuguese New 56 % ; Spanish 1 ;4 si. 4 THREE O'CLOCK. Consols for Account 89 1 1 4 NEWSPAPER READING.—" No man is e' satisfied," say s Bi s h op H orne, " w i t h anot h er man ' s ing a newspaper to him ; but the moment it is laid he takes it up and reads it over again." Between twelve and one o'clock on Satur la t Rich. Langley, a boy, about 11 years of age, was employed as medicine_boy at Mr. Grindley's, 132, Pall.mall, chymist, attempted to destroy himself. appears that some property to no very serious amount been missed, and it was hinted to the boy that he suspected of stealing it. lie denied it, and shortly wards seized the opportun it y of going dow n s t a i rs one of the cellars, ha vin g armed himself with a knife, and there c ut his throat in so dreadful a maim that one part of the Windpipe was completely cut through' Fortunately he was discovered shortly after he had coin' initted the act, or in a few minutes he would have bled' death. After receiving the necessary attention on the: he was conveyed to St. George's Hospital, where be present remains, and is expected to recover. MI