The Sun. — London, England, 1861-08-20 00:00:00

THE NAVY. The Duke of Somerset and the Lords of the Admiralty leave town to-morrow morning to make an official inspection at the Royal Dock yard at Sheerness. Captain John Fulford and Captain William C. Aldha,m, C. 8., have been granted the good ser vice pensions placed at the disposal of the First Lord of the Admiralty by the promotion to flag rank of Rcar-Admirals Talavera Vernon Anson and 'Augustus Leopold Kuper, C.B. Mr. Thomas Stratton has been appointed staff eurgeon to H.M.S. London. We understand that the Britannia, naval cadet training ship, Captain Robert Harris, at Ports mouth, will be continued in her present service, the idea of erecting a Naval College on shore for the training of the cadets having for the present been abandoned. The Geyser, 6, paddle, Commander Jackson, sailed from Spithead yesterday morning for the westward. Her Majesty's yacht Victoria and Albert, Capt. the Hon. Joseph Denman, and the Osborne, Master- Commander George K. Bower, sailed from Poi ts mouth yesterday morning for Holyhead to convey her Majesty, the Prince Consort, and Royal Family thence to Ireland. The Chameleon, 17, screw, Commander Harding, shipped her ammunition yesterday at Spithead, and is expected to proceed to-day to the Pacific. The screw steamship Sanspareil, 70, Capt. Bow year, left Plymouth Sound on Sunday, at noon, for the Mediterranean, but put back again at 6 o'clock, and struck topgallant-masts in consequence of heavy weather from the southward and westward. The Sanspareil is deeply laden; she has over 300 supernumeraries for the fleet in the Mediterranean, several Armstrong guns, and a quantity of solid shot, shells, &c. It is expected at Plymouth that after Admiral Smart has escorted her Majesty across the Irish Sea both the starboard and port divisions of the Channel Fleet—eight or nine ships—will anchor in the Sound. The gunboat Hind left Plymouth yesterday, to join the Russell, 60, at Falmouth. A. detachment of the 61st Regiment was under orders to embark yesterday afternoon on board the troopship Megmra, in Hamoaze, Plymouth, for con veyance to Portsmouth. She would, probably, leave about 5 o'clock. An order has been issued that the steel vent-pieces of the 100-pounder Armstrong guns are to be at once changed for others made of wrought iron. Several of the steel vent-pieces have broken lately on the gun being discharged, and hence the issuing of the present order, which will be first carried out with respect to all guns issued to the fleet. All Armstrong guns in future will not be issued from store in cases, but in the ordinary way. The fittings of each gun will, however, be placed in a case, which will be issued with the gun when served out of store for service. Thirty 100-pounder Armstrongs have been received at Portsmouth from Woolwich by the Vigo hired steamer. The Balaklava ordnance transport has also arrived at Portsmouth from Woolwich, with a cargo of Armstrong guns, fittings, and stores, including nine 100-pounders and 15 40- pounders. Another large cargo of the same descrip tion of weapon is also on its way from Woolwich to Portsmouth. Many of these guns are intended for service on board the iron-cased ships, but 100 of the 100-pounders are apportioned for service on the salient points of the sea face of Portsmouth fortifications, the original order for 40 of these guns for the purpose having now been increased to the larger number. The contractors' staff have commenced their preliminary operations on the Horse Sand, for the construction of the foundations of the marine forts for the defence of Spithead. With the season so far advanced, but little can be done before the summer of 1862. A significant rumour is in circulation that the authorities do not expect to pro ceed any further in the matter than the construc tion of the foundations. E Under tae rtg ARMY. into operation for the reorganization of the Royal Artillery, that branch of the service now consists of 11 batteries, comprising the Horse Brigade, and 16 batteries of the depot brigade. The entire force is, for administrative purposes, divided into 16 bri gades, or separate divisions, each of which is under the nominal command of a General officer, with the title of Col. Commandant. The 16 brigades are sub divided into 149 batteries, each battery numbering close upon 200 non-commissioned officers, and gun ners, the aggregate total consisting of about 28,900 men of all ranks, exclusive of officers. The follow ing is the numerical detail of the officers belonging to the Royal Artillery on the effective list—viz., his Royal Highness the General Commanding-in-Chief colonel, one deputy-adjutant-general, two assistant adj utants-general, one inspector-general,l6 colonels commandant, 19 general officers ; exclusive of the colonels-commandant, 35 colonels, 70 lieutenant colonels, 161 captains, 169 second-captains, 431 lieutenants, 10 riding-masters, 19 paymasters, 27 quartermasters, four surgeons-major, 21 surgeons, 78 assistant-surgeons, and 27 veterinary-surgeons, giving a grand total of 29,992. Yesterday, by direction of Major-General Eyre, commanding at Chatham, 200 non-commissioned officers and men selected from the Indian depots, comprising the three battalions of infantry at that garrison, were marched down to the Ordnance wharf, where they were instructed for some time in embarking and disembarking on board one of the vessels-of-war in harbour. The whole of the troops at Chatham aro to be duly instructed in this exercise in order that the officers and men may possess a knowledge of embarking and disembark ing from sbips before being dispatched to India or the colonies. The extensive range of buildings which are being erected at Sheerness by Mr. J. Naylor, the Government contractor, are being completed with the utmost dispatch, in order that the married soldiers, for whom they are intended, may take possession of them before the approaching winter. The block of building is constructed for the accom modation of 80 families, each of whom will be pro vided with separate rooms, according to their rank and the number in family. The building will be replete with every comfort and convenience, th e rooms being large and very lofty, and the great est care will be taken in their construction that ample ventilation is obtained. The basement apartments rest on beams laid transversely, at some distance above, and unconnected with the concrete foundations, which plan possesses an im portant advantage in allowing a current of air to cir culate through the whole of the lower rooms, be sides securing to the occupants an immunity from damp. As soon as them quarters are finished it is intended to reconstruct the old married quarters, and thereby considerably augment the existing bar rack accommodation at Sheerness. The now depot barracks for recruits of the Royal Marines is now in full operation at Walmer. A library and school have just been formed. Each married man of the establishment has a plot of land allotted to him for cultivation. The present num ber of inmates, chiefly recruits from the three divi sions of Chatham, Portsmouth, and Woolwich, is 400, and as a proof of the ad.vantages of removing young recruits from the temptations incident to large garrison towns, it is worthy of remark that datin g the throe months since this depot has been ?yelled in no case has an iinmate been charged be fore a magistrate. th e n ew institute f or so l diets has been opened at wn-hall, Sandgate. A reading room is sup with meats daily and of er papers, and refresh price. ° ,f rh an.unintoxicati 11 g nature are sold at cost nised, i "o;llinstitute, whi ch has been well patro- Gen e ra l s ir f lt ror n 4 p.r a. until roll-call. dant of Wool wic ` e ha ,,., rd. °acres, K.C.8., Comman stahtion" Royal Artill ery Jae district includes the down to the latter pi ae , of W ar l ey, yesterday went Major Wilward, and in , accompa n i e d b y B r i ga d e racks. Vected the tro o p s an d bar- Three circular memora adardated the 6th and 7th August, 1861, received L r m the - War-office, were yesterday issued at - Wool\ v WI ga rr i son 0. 701.) (Circular 1 "The Secretary of State for I 'Va l- ) hwi tlishad wid er wit, THE SUN, LONDON TUESDAY EVENING. AUGUST 20, 1861. sideration the position of military clerks employed in Royal Engineer district offices, has approved of the following alteration being made in Circular 321 :—The restriction in clause 5, that the third-class clerks only shall be employed in engineer district offices, will be removed, and clerks of the Ist and 2d classes may, with duo authority be employed therein. EDWARD LUGARD." " Victoria R. (Circular No. 702.) " Whereas we judged it expedient by our Royal Warrant of the Ist of March, 1860, to allow well-conducted soldiers to receive good-conduct pay after three years' service, in stead of after five years' service, as laid down in our Royal Warrant of the Ist of July, 1848; our will and pleasure now is that any soldier who may be awarded such good conduct pay, under the provisions of our said warrant of the Ist of March, 1860, and who may be permitted to obtain his discharge from our army before the completion of his service, shall not be allowed to do so upon more advan tageous terms in consequence of being in receipt of such good-conduct pay than those granted under the provisions of our previous warrant of the Ist of July, 1848. "Given at our Court at St. James's this 30th day of July, 1861, in the 25th year of our reign. "By her Majesty's command, " G. C. LEWIS." (Circular No. 703.)—Foreign Stations. " Sir,--I am directed by the Secretary of State fcir War to inform you that, in consequence of the diversity which exists at foreign stations in the mode of charging expendi ture on account of provost prisons and garrison cells, he has decided that one uniform system shall in future be followed, and that the Military Accountant shall pay and charge in his accounts under the head of 'Military Prisons' all ex penses connected with these services, which will conse quently be altogether removed from the accounts of regi mental paymasters. The controller of army expenditure should enter into all contracts for the supply of provisions and stores required for the provost prisons, and this duty will no longer devolve on the commanding officer at the station. All articles should be provided and accounted for in the manner laid down in Circular 493, 17th of October, 1859, and the accounts and vouchers, which are to be pre pared by the provost sergeants, should be certified by the commanding officer. "Where a strictly regimental system of imprisonment is carried out in the barrack cells this new regulation will not apply, but the existing system of accounts should be fol lowed. tt I am to request that you will give the necessary instruc tions for carrying out the new system from the commence ment of the quarter succeeding the receipt of this circular. "EDWARD LITGARD. gi The General or other Officer Commanding." 211 E GREAT OUTFALL SEWER AT BARKING. The low lying district of the metropolis between Stratford and Barking Creek at the present moment is in the possession of some 1,500 navvies, bricklayers, and masons, who are employed in building up a sewer, by the side of which the great cloaca of old Rome dwindles into insignificance. This sewer, or rather this treble line of sewers, for they run three abreast, forms the last portion of the gigantic system of the main drainage of London, for the completion of which a sum of £3,000,000, raised upon the security of local rates, is now being ex pended by the Metropolitan Board of Works. This threefold sewer will carry to the Thames the whole sewage of the three districts, into which, for the purpose of drainage, the metropolitan area of 59 miles on the north side of the Thames has been di vided. Along the left one of these capacious brick vaults—or iron tubes, where rivers and roads are to be crossed—will flow all the contributions of the thousands of smaller pipe drains and smaller sewers which ramify through the northern and north western part of London, between Hampstead and the River Lea. The middle tube will convey to the Thames all the 'sewage that will be collected by a monster brick tunnel nine feet in height, passing from Kensal-green, under the Paddington-canal, under the great Weitern Railway, along Oxford street, Regent-circus, Hatton-garden, Clerkenwell, Shoreditch, and thence to Stratford. The right hand one of this triplet of tunnels will carry from Strat ford to the Thames all the sewage that the low level sewer, which is to commence at Chelsea, to pass under the proposed Thames embankment, through the City, the Minories, and Tower-hill, will bring to Stratford, and which engines of 1,250-horse power will pump up to the higher level of the great outfall sewers. The work of constructing these giant sewers—far mere extensive than that of making a railway—has been undertaken by Mr. Furness, for a sum of £625,000; the length is 51 miles, so that the cost is nearly £120,000 per mile. In its course the sewers will cross streams and roads, pass under and over railways, by bridges and tunnels. It already ern ploys ten steam engines and locomotives, and an rfi~ of 1.500 workmen. We first meet this northern lying side by side a Dove' gru nu, army. t..vpsvcrs which a man may ride on horseback: These are the north and middle level sewers just referred to. Each sewer keeps in its own independent course ; the sewage of Hampstead does not mix with that from Mensal or Tyburnia ; each keeps its line till it is discharged into the Thames. Beneath these two sewers are, however, two larger ones of thirteen feet in height, which are to receive the storm over flow. The whole is an immense mass of brickwork, like four railway tunnels built in a bunch together, supported at the sides by massive brick piers or counterforts, and the whole covered like some huge burrow with earth and turf to the height of forty feet above the ground. These upper sewers are to be continued over the River Lea by a handsome lattice-girder bridge, the two sewers being iron tubes, eighty-two feet in length, and nine feet in diameter, resting upon three iron girders. The arches of the bridge will be eleven feet above the river, and there will be a roadway over the top of the sewer. After crossing the Lea, we next came to a stream called " The Water Works Feeder," belonging to the East London Water Works, where there is another bridge. Next comes the Pudding Mill river, over which the sewer passes by another bridge, with two side arches for the foot and carriage way of the Marsh-gate -road. The next obstacle to the progress of the work is the Eastern Counties main line of railway, which, at this . point, runs on an embankment. The sewer has just room, with one inch to spare, to pass through this and under the lines of rails. A certain height was to be maintained in going over the River Lea, and it has very fortunately happened to coincide exactly with the height of the railway embankment. During the progress of the sewer the rails will be supported en piles, and when finished they will be carried by girders resting on stone piers built on each side of the two sewers. The upper part of the sewers will be covered by asphalte, and made water tight, to prevent water coming through from the railway. Next, the City Mills river and then the Waterworks river are crossed by bridges. We have now reached the Stratford main road, the surface of which happens to be exactly that of the lower part of the sewers. This involves the necessity of raising the road 10 feet by a series of 40 arches-20 on each side. The two sewers will, however, expand into four at this point for the purpose of obtaining a reduction in their height. Instead of two sewers of nine feet in height, there will be four of six feet, the sewage being divided by cutwaters into four streams. The water mains of the Stratford-road will pass in a covered way five feet in height beneath the sewers, and in cue of repairs or alterations being require d to those water-mains the men will be able to get at them in the covered way without disturbing the sewers. A short di s t ance b eyon d the Stratford road, the four lines of sewers become two again, until, at about 200 yards, they reach a meadow of about five acres, nerthe Abb e y Mills, where will Fberotmhethis pumping poin the t stationtripfoler the ee lowof h l r e i v e e k l s s e e w w e e r r s , commences. Up to this point the line y feet dou in ble h — eigah ll t , , b g h r a o s un b d e , en nin o e nl .owever, above and in appear ance something of the form of a horse shoe. S Albany ,Creek and Ch annel Rive richß a a i r le crossed by bridges. The North Weaoolw Rail way is crossed by a bridge, and as it is intended to form a junction between that line and the Tilbury and Southend line of railway, a second bridge is provided for that branch. At this point it was necessary to lower the railway three feet in order to give sufficient headway for the engines, for these sewers, unlike railways, are most unaccommodating in their course. The Tilbury line is next crossed over, and the railway is lowered two feet. There is then a level run of about a mile in length until Plaistow is reached. There Balaam-street is raised above the sewer. On this leyel run the works are constructed above the ground upon a bed of thick concrete. The ground here is of a peaty nature, and it is necessary to excavate to a depth of 15 or 16 feet in order to reach the gravel ; and the whole of the earth removed, is replaced by concrete. Near Plaistow this concrete is carried to the height of about twenty feet above the surface, and upon this embankment the sewers are to be built. They will be covered with concrete, and over this again earth will be placed, having the appearance, when finished, of a railway carried along at a very great eleva tion, the sides sloping at an angle of 2to 1. The sides and top, especially the southern slopes, may make a line of nearly two miles of splendid straw berry beds. Beyond this embankment, and for the remainder of the distance to the Thames, the sewer will be carried upon arches. The great depth of the peat would make it very expensive to remove it entirely, and it is therefore only excavated in such places as will admit of brick piers being erected to carry the arches. There will be 340 of these arches, each of 20 feet span, the whole length of this extraordinary work being about one mile and a quarter. About two millions of cubic yards of concrete will be swallowed up in the concrete em bankment, and the cost of this material will be very nearly one-half of the whole expense of this northern outfall sewer. A cluster of nine " pug" mills, similar to those used in grinding the clay for bricks, are worked by steam-engines, and trucks placed under each of the mouths of these mills are loaded with the concrete, which, conveyed by lines of railway, is deposited to form monster foundations, solid as stone and enduring as time itself. With the last of the 340 arches the Thames is reached. The outfall is at the head of a cascade, called " The Tumbling Bay," and the sewage will flow over a series of granite steps or arches, and, after falling twenty feet, will pass away into the middle of the river. Instead, however, of being delivered through the three tall arches, the sewage will pass into the Thames by nine outlets, each sewer branching off into three smaller ones. The arrangement for admitting the sewage into the river direct from the outfall sewer is, however, only a tem porary one. A reservoir capable of containing nine millions of cubic feet of water will be formed to hold the sewage supplied during the time of low water in the Thames, and which will only be discharged into the river at high water, and then at the centre and bottom of the river, through covered channels buried under the water, and consequently not exposed either to the eye or to the atmosphere. When the reservoir is finally completed the grand cascade at Tumbling Bay will only be brought into requisi tion at the time of heavy storms, and when one or more of the sewers overflow. A mutual arrange ment exists between the three parallel sewers, by which each of them may give to his neighbour any surplus of sewage with which it may be charged, and which it is not able to convey. The system of sewer reciprocity is selfacting, and when the contents of a sewer rises to a certain height it overflows into the next. The work of the sewers is thus equalised, and the storm waters of Hampstead or Highgate may be apportioned to different parts of the great system of main drainage. Contracts for different portions of the main drainage schemes have been already let by Mr. Bazelgette to the amount of £1,800,000, and there appears every probability that the whole will be completed within the £3,000,000 which it was estimated to cost. The contracts have in every case been within the sum fixed by the engineers, and this affords evidence of the care with which the quanti ties were taken out by the engineers who advised the Board of Works, and who were responsible for the estimates. The building of the outfall sewer is going on under the superintendence of Mr. Ander son, as clerk of the works, and a number of inspec tors appointed by the Metropolitan Board. The high level sewer for Hampstead is completely finished. The middle level is in the hands of Mr. Brassey, and, owing to the crowded portions of the metropolis through which it will pass, arrange ments are being made for pushing forward the works as rapidly as possible when they are once commenced, in order that the inconvenience to the public traffic may be as small as possible. The low level sewer has not yet been commenced, in conse quence of the uncertainty as to its route while the question of the Thames Embankment was under discussion. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. LONDON AND NORTH-WESTERN. The capital account of this company to the 30th June last shows that the amount received on stock and shares is £24,605,90.3, on debentures £10,454,392, on 31- per cent. debenture stock £312,830, and on 4 per cent. debenture stock £1,435,512, making a total of £36,808,636, interest and dividends upon the whole of which are charged to revenue. The ex penditure on the main line, stations, and works amounts to £25,524,196, on carrying stock to £3,596,846, and on lands and buildings yielding rent to £458,008 ; total, £22,579,050. To this is added £6,224,286 for lines in which the company have an interest, and £312,298 for improvement of permanent way, making a total expenditure of £36,115,632, leaving a balance of £693,005. The return of working stock is that there are 926 locomotive engines, 917 ten ders, 779 first-class mails and composite carriages, 655 second-class carriages, 476 third-class carriages, 48 travelling post-offices and tenders, 338 horse boxes, 272 carriage trucks, 335 guards', break, and parcel vans, 34 parcel carts, trucks, &c., 14,803 goods waggons, 1,417 cattle waggons, 295 sheep vans, 1,491 coke waggons, 166 carts and lurries, 11,314 sheets and 416 horses. The total charge to capital, including moveable machinery, tools, &c., to 30th June (exclusive of cost of stock transferred from the Birkenhead Railway), £3,596,846. The renewal and improvement of road account shows a total expenditure of £l,26o,o26;including £942,369 on revenue account, and £317,656 on capital ac- I count. + f -111 J Ore - .7i(14. had been received, including £13,843 for interest on cash balances and calls in arrear, £26,729 for rents of lands and build ing, less repairs; £460 for transfer fees, £1,920 for Huddersfield Canal Traffic (net), and £62,993 for dividends from 12 companies in which the company have an interest. The working charges, including £41,643 for rates and taxes, and £29,053 for duty on passenger traffic, amount to £1,074,868. The interest on loans and debenture stock amounts to £248,431; chief rents and interest on land purchases, £7,244; ex penses connected with Parliamentary and legal pro ceedings, £20,000; Preston and Wye lease, £4,649; Buckinghamshire, £24,900 ; Cannock Mineral, £3,217; North Union, £28,079; Chester and Holy head, guaranteed dividend and interest on loans, £61,596 ; Lancaster and Carlisle, dividend and in terest, £lOO,BBO ; Kendal and Windermere, £4,197; Shropshire Union lease, £21,865; Manchester, Buxton, and Matlock lease, £1,516 ; West London, £9OO ; Leeds and Rochdale Canal, £1,490 ; Stour Valley Railway lease, £9,503; Birkenhead Rail- way lease, £17,740 ; Warrington and Garston lease, £6,000; Stockport, Disley, and Whaleybridge, £3,286; South Staffordshire agreement, £24,115; Depreciation and Insurance of Steamboats, £7,220 ; Haydon-square depot interest, £2,180; and renewal I of road, £41,667, making together £640,673, and leaving a balance of ,E 463,953. To this sum is added £27,560 from the preceding half year, making a disposable balance of £491,513. From this is de ducted £472,865 for dividends, at the rate of £1 17s. 6d. per cent. for the half-year, and £6,750 for interest at 5 per cent. per an. on the Coventry and Nuneaton, leaving a balance of £11,899. It is pro posed to make the dividend warrants payable on Tuesday, the 27th inst. The auditors, Messrs. H. Crosfield and R. W. Hand, state in their report that the constantly increasing expenditure for law and Parliamentary expenses calls for the very serious attention of the Board. The sum of £20,600, being double that of the corresponding period, has been applied towards the liquidation of these expenses. The auditors deeply regret that the results of the half year's working are of so unsatisfactory a nature. They can, however, assure the proprietors that the revenue account has been fully charged with every expense which should be brought against it ; and, having received the usual certificates from the heads of the various departments, the auditors are satisfied that the way and works, &c., have been fully main tained, and that the efficiency of the rolling stock has not only been kept up but increased. During the past half year 22 engines, 73 carriages, and 147 waggons have been renewed, with larger vehicles, at the cost of revenue, over and above the execution of a great amount of repairs, which, in conse quence of the severity of last winter, has far ex ceeded the ordinary expenditure for that purpose. The report of the engineer states that the whole of the land for the Edge-hill and Garston branch has been purchased, and the works commenced a several paints ; the length of the branch is 41 miles, and the works are of an easy character. This branch should be completed in April next. He fully ex pects to have the Sutton Coldfield branch, five miles in length, open for traffic in the ensuing spring. He is endeavouring to have the viaduct between Ardwick and London-road station, Manchester, widened for the passage of trains early in next spring. Every exertion is being used to insure the opening of the West London Extension Railway for the traffic of the International Exhibition of 1862. CEYLON. An extraordinary meeting of this company was held yesterday at the offices, Broad-street-build ings;Mr. Ste war t i n t h e c h a i r. mr. C ° O P E that lt the ,t he meeting w secretary, read fbr convenedthe report, the h ighstated purpose of receivingthe h as t sent of the proprie tors to a de e d f or dissolving The co d m ee p d provided any'scon tract with th e Ceylon Governmeen t on repayment to the company of i ts cap i tal. for the repayment of th e cap i tal by the Gover nment of Ceylon on the 21 s t o f A ugust, w i th inte rest at the rate of 6 per cent. to that date, in con sideration of which the Government of Ceylon was to become entitled to the whole of the company's property, company s property, assuming all its responsibilities. The deed was read in extenso, from which it appeared that the interests of the company were fully pro tected. They were to receive 1:297,500 in cash, with interest up to the 21st inst. at the rate of 6 per cent. per annum. was unOannimthoeusly adopted motionoft,heanCdirtyird directors e e t t h o e r s report to affix the seal of the company to the re r e au thorised deed, which was accordingly done in the presence of the meeting. The CHAIRMAN explained that the money would be available on the 21st inst. to return to each shareholder his money, with 6 per cent. interest up to that date. It would require an Act of Parlia ment to dissolve the company, which would be ob tained at the expense of the Ceylon Government. The usual ordinary meeting would be held in Oc tober next, and there would remain between £2,000 and £3,000 in hand. A vote of thanks to the chairman closed the pro ceedings. LONDON, TILBURY, AND SOUTHEND. The report of the directors states that the re ceipts for the half-year ending the 30th of June last amount to £21,462, and the payments to £14,842, leaving a balance of £6,620. The capital account shows that £800,628 had been received, and £794,244 expended, leaving a balance of £6,384. - - THE BUILDERS' STRI KR. (From the Times.) The law of blockade is one of the most arbitrary and questionable of belligerent rights. It has lately been strictly limited to the single case in which the blockade is " effective," and it seems probable that this construction will be rigoro us ly a ppli e d t o an y questions that may arise out of the present war in I America. The reason why neutrals have been spe cially impatient of the exercise of this right is plain enough. Not only is it a serious encroachment on the general freedom of neutral commerce, but it vir tually makes the neutral power an instrument in the hands of the blockading squadron, and thus gives an unfair advantage to a belligerent nation which may happen to command the sea. Now this extreme and exceptional right, which can only be justified in international law by the paramount necessity of curtailing the horrors of warfare, is just what the workmen now on strike claim to en force against the public, and that, too, in the form which has been strenuously repudiated by neutral States. The Trades Unions have proclaimed a paper blockade of their employers' works, and call upon the Government to aid them in reducing their ad versaries to extremities. A short time ago their de legates waited on Sir G. C. Lewis and demanded the withdrawal of certain Sappers a n d Mi ners f rom the new barracks now being erected under a Go vernment contract at Chelsea. Mr. Higgs,the con tractor, was among those who had adopted the sys tem of payment by the hour, and the masons and carpenters who had struck against this system pro tested against any "interference" on the part of the War-office which might enable him to "disregard the claims of the workmen." In an evil hour Sir G. C. Lewis yielded, without even exposing the tran sparent fallacy on which the application rested, and of course the most has been made of this injudicious concession. The builders have nokv gone a step fur ther. In the case of the Chelsea Barracks it was admitted that soldiers had been substituted for regular workmen, instead of rescinding Mr. Higgs's contract, with a view of expediting the completion of the building. The new grievance is infinitely less plausible. Mr. Myers has a contract for the execution of a range of Artillery stables at Alder shott. "On this job, where there has been no strike, it being out of the limits in which the dis pute exists, no workmen are employed but soldiers. There are 24 bricklayers and about 100 of other branches and labourers belonging to the following Regiments—viz., the 10th, 25th, 32d, 72d, 84th, Rifles and Sappers. The employment of the sol diers at this job has a more serious effect upon the existing dispute as against the men than even the employment of the Sappers at Chelsea Barracks, for by this means Mr. Myers is able to keep the brick layers he has working for him at his London jobs, and thus to hold out longer." We have stated the case exactly as it has been stated on behalf of the men, and we ask any one capable of looking at the two sides of a question whether a more extravagant pretension was ever started. The jealousy of the old guilds was not half so unreasonable or suicidal. It is not only that the right of the Government is expressly de nied " to place soldiers in competition with regular workmen, who have families to support," —as if there were anything to prevent a Sapper from having a family to support, and as if the screw were not mercilessly applied by these very men to their fellows, however large their families ;—it is not only that by entering into these controversies, and regulating their patronage by an official report on the merits of each case, Government would set a precedent far more damaging to the rights of labour and to the independence of the English workman than these misguided men are able to perceive ; the really monstrous characteristic of the hypothesis is, that it leaves the rights and interests of the public altogether out of the account. Any loss to the nation in time, money, or efficiency of work is to go for nothing if the employment of our own trained and paid artificers would " spoil the sport„" and prssmt„4 eaThydt p between the two have i6On`glicilint some part onr_ diers might be devoted to manual labour with bene fit to themselves as well as to the public purse, and that Shorncliffe and Aldershott might gradually become schools of military, as our ships of war have always been, more or less, of naval construction. But here the builders assert a private right, and the Crown must not violate fair play, or disturb the prescribed rate of profits, by empl o yi ng i ts own troops to build the lodging s for themselves in its own camp. Of course, it follows that the Govern- ment have no right to have the biscuit for the navy prepared by machinery at Portsmouth, instead of in the ovens of regular bakers. By and by the prin ciple will be extended to amateurs, and a gentle man with a turn for carpentering will not be allowed to use his own hammer and nails, lest he should interfere with the privilege s o f some carpenters on strike. There is only one theo r y o f property with which these claims can be rec onc il e d, an d that is the one expressed in the terse maxim, "La pro priete c'est le vol." Jack Cade, himself a brick layer's son, would have had something to learn from these modern craftsmen ; for he only decreed generally that seven halfpenny loaves should be sold for a penny, and that the three-hooped -pot should have ten hoops, whereas they prescribe the means whereby prices shall be kept up to an artifi cial standard. It is the less necessary to mince matters in dis posing of the issue now raised, becaus e it i s qu it e separable from the principle of the strike. If politi cal economy and common sense were ever so much on the side of the men, the injustice of this mock neutrality would be equally clear. Though we can not but consider the last move of the masters as a measure of self defence against an organised attempt to raise wages under colour of shorten ing the hours of work, and though we agree with Sir S. Polo that the hour system is the sounder and fairer of the two, we have never said a word against the right of the men to back their demands by combination. It is perfectly true that, man for man, an artisan is no match for his em ployer, for the simple reason that labour cannot be hoarded like capital, and that a reserve of labour, not being so exchangeable as capital, cannot be counted upon to support life till the experiment has been tried out, and the balance between supply and demand restored. Combination is the natural means of compensating for this natural superiority, and if combination were to take the form of asso ciation for the purpose of competing with the mas ters, or even of mutual support pending the dispute, it might not seriously disturb the laws of trade. Un happily, though it may begin with these objects and no more, it seldom ends there. To look on while other operatives, or, as in this case, the Government, are pursuing their own interests, and to rest satis fied that it is only by the free play of these various rival interests that the rights of the question can be fairly tested, is a degree of self restraint of which an ignorant or undisciplined mind is scarcely capable. It seems so much simpler to give the pendulum a shove—of course, in the right direction —to exercise a slight pressure on the indicator— to pack the jury judiciously, lest they should give a wrong verdict. Then follows, as a matter of course, all the mischievous machingry for agita tion, the gradual growth of a class of men whose element is discord and who pine and gasp in any other atmosphere, who degrade union into conspi racy, and, grasping the one-sided truth that the fear of Strikes is quite as powerful a weapon as actual Strikes, adopt terrorism in theory, if not in prac tice. O'Connell, the greatest agitator of modern times, did not shrink from denouncing Trades Unions, not because he had much sympathy with the class against whom they were directed, but be cause he had seeh that the lengths to which they would go in obstructing industrial progress were only limited by the conscience or education of their leaders. We will not do the existing Unions the injustice of comparing them with the Luddites, the frame-breakers, and the mill-burners, against whose senseless prejudices even O'Connell protested, hut we cannot help seeing that the spirit in which they are now actionis eq ua lly ty rann i ca l, t h oug h less atrocious. 'We can make great allowances for men exasperated by real "lock-outs" into open defiance, or even for the temporary irritation produced by the present trial of strength on the hour system. We cannot expect them to admit that they have brought thi s crisis upon themselves by the vain attempt to serve two masters, dictating terms to the one, and executing the most capricious behests of the other. But we warn them once more not to take Sir G. C. Lewis's ill-advised act as an indication of public opinion. A " strike" would indeed be a hollowafl'air if the public were in league with the men to starve out the masters. This would be " compulsory a rbitration" with a vengeance, and from that moment, instead of capital employing labour, labour would employ capital—that is, such capital as could he reta i ned in the country under so tyrannical a repine. ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE. WESTERN CIRCUIT—BRIsToL, Aug. 19. (Before Mr. Justice Byles and a Common Jury.) THE QUEEN V.l MATHIAS. Mr. Karslake, Q.C., Mr. Stone, and Mr. Prideaux were counsel for the prosecution, and Mr. M. Smith, Q.C., and Mr. Edlin for the ,defendant. This case excited great interest in Bristol. It was an indictment preferred against a Mr. Mathias for an assault which he had committed on a lady named Mais on the 12th of April. There has for years been a vexed question as to a right of the public to have a path between Victoria•square and Clifton, and there have been many kinds of disputes between Mr. Mathias and the citizens of Bristol. On the 12th of April last Mrs. Mais was passing along this road, pushing before her a perambulator containing her child. The defendant was standing there, and told Mrs. Mais she should not pass with the peram bulator. She said she had a right to go that way, and she should pass on. The defendant insisted upon it that she should not pass, and placed his hand upon her shoulder. The lady, however, was too nimble for him, he being an old gentleman, and she picked up the perambulator and child, and car ried it over the disputed line. A summons was then obtained against Mr. Mathias for the assault. The parties went before the magistrates, who thought it was a question of right and directed these proceedings, Upon Mrs. Mais being examined, she was asked if she had preferred the indictment. She said she did not know much about it. She had seen some thing about it in the papers that it was the Queen. The learned Judge--The lady looked in the papers, and instead of seeing her own name she saw that of the Queen. Mrs. Mais said the perambulator was a very small one. The Judge asked if it was in court, " because," said he, " by all means let the Court see it." Other witnesses stated that Bath chairs were continually driven or pushed along this road, and the public had used it from time immemorial. The Judge said the question would be whether there was a footway, and whetlvr that being a footway, authorised the use of the footway by a perambulator. Mr. Smith admitted there was a footway, but he contended that it was only for feet, and not for a perambulator. The way was four feet wide. The Judge asked if that was before crinoline or after ? Evidence wos given to show that walls had been built up and had been pulled down. Stop-posts had at one time been put up. Bath chairs could not go along when those posts were up. There had been a wicket gate through which no carriage could pass. The perambulator was here put upon the table. It was a little wicker one. Mr. Karslake asked if Mr. Smith wanted the baby put into it. Mr. Smith said he thought the baby and Mrs. Mais ought to be put in position. The Judge—You cannot expect Mr. Karslake to put them in position himself. The Judge and Court were convulsed with laughter on the production of this little appur. tenance, which was about one-sixth of the width of a lady's crinoline. Mr. Poole, who had been waywarden in 1330, had ordered the erection of a dwarf wall near this spot. There was a wicket gate and an agricultural gate. _ _ Mr. Smith submitted that there was no case. It was plain the assault was committed by the de fendant, who thought it was an improper use of the right. There was at one time a wicket gate, which showed that Mrs. Mais was using this way in a manner she had no right to use it. To use it with carriages, wheelbarrows, or perambulators was an excess in the use of the right of way. The Judge asked Mr. Kerslake if he had any authority on the subject. Mr. Kerslake said there was a commentary in " Gale on Easements," on Lord Coke. ,The public way arose on dedication ; here was a way four feet wide, and persons had a right to use it t that ex tent. A perambul a t or was not a carriage, it could be wheeled on the road or taken up and carried. Such a user would not be evidence to make it a carriage road. Perambulators were now used everywhere. The Judge said he could know that judicially without proof. He would call back Mrs. Mais— Have you been in Clifton, Bath, London, Liver pool, and other places, an d have you seen peram -Isulatore in those places?—l h ave . ,s,tlth said a footway was for persons on foot, and not for c..trici gNa on. Wheels. By the High way Act no person on horseback or in a r.arria gp should use any footwfootway-.vas to be the deti niti,,. yr a. mot way but for persons to use it on foot ? This carriage was not intended to be carried, but to be wheeled on the ground. Suppose a per son drawn into a place by his constituents, that was not a carriage drawn by beasis of burden. The Judge said it was a mixed question of Jaw and fact; could he put it in any way for decision ? It was a criminal proceeding. Mr. Kerslake said it might be done by consent. The Judge—You arc not yet Attorney-General, Mr. Kerslake, although I have no doubt you will be. There must be the consent of the Attorney- General. Mr. Smith then addressed the jury for the de fendant. They had all heard of great cases. There was the Queen's case, the Six Carpenters' Case, and this would go down to posterity as the Great Peram bulator Case. Here there had been a dedication of a footpath, but that was never intended for persons to use it with carriages, whether carrying babies or butchers' meat. Where were they to draw the line ? There was no English law that authorised any such use of a footway. This was a basket car riage ; but supposing they had twins, or if they should be afflicted by having three at a birth, then it must be a much larger carriage. If a crinoline met a perambulator-- The Judge said—Pardon me, the meeting a perambulator is not so formidable as meeting another lady. Mr. Smith confessed that, for his own part, he would rather meet the lady. This perambulator question was only the thin edge of the wedge. Mr. Justice Byles, in summing up, observed that this was an indictment against Mr. Mathias, which charged him that he had made an assault upon Elizabeth Ann Mais, in the peace of God and of our Lady the Queen then being. He had pleaded " Not Guilty," which meant that he had sufficient justification for what he had done. He had come to the conclusion that it was not a question for him, but for the jury. Some observa tions had been made on Mr. Mathias's conduct. He did not think he intended to maltreat this lady. It was imputed only that he was somewhat rude and ungallant. If the defendant had a right to prevent the passage of perambulators it was to be regretted that he stood so much upon his rights, for in phss ing through the world to avoid the angles and cor ners of the passages no policy was wiser than for a man not to stand too strictly upon his rights; if he did he would be in hot water all his life. This was a case involving the mode of using a footway, and he could see no ground of imputation against the magistrates, for they represented the whole body of the community here residing. It was a question of very great importance, and one that applied to all the footways in the kingdom. The real question was this—was the perambulator a vehicle the use of which would justify the defendant in removing it ? This perambulator was 141 b. in weight, and 18 inches in width. Had the defendant in remov ing it a right to commit any trespass or assault ? He remembered at Salisbury seeing a carriage drawn by an elephant as wheeler and by a camel as leader. It might be a question whether an elephant had a right to parade up and down Park street, but it might be that the public had no right to remove it. They had heard of the old riddle, " What thing is that that goes on four legs in the morning, on two legs at noon, and on three legs at night ?" A child first went on four legs, its kn ees were its legs ; then we walked upright upon two legs, and without the aid of a stick ; and then, in the downfall of life, we used a stick, or perhaps two crutches. A child, then, with its four legs might use a footpath, so might a man with a stick or with crutches. There formerly was a Thing which was not now very common—a child's go-cart ; that was a car riage on wheels. They might be of opinion that a child might use that. Then, instead of a child being pushed along in a standing position, might it not be pushed along in a sitting position ? It was proved that a perambulator went on wheels, so did a go-cart. There was the case of a child drawing a little cart or a little horse. Might the owner of the soil prevent their use on the footpath ? He would not undertake to say. It would be a ques tion for the jury. No doubt a woman might carry a child along a footway ; th en , m i ght she not put it in a ge-eart or a perambulator ? Now, the real question he should leave would he this :—The owner of the soil might remove anything that encumbered it, except things which were usually the accompa niments of foot passengers, being so small and light as not to be a nuisance to other passengers or inju rious to the soil. It was very difficult to draw the line. What did they say to the stick a man carried, or an umbrella, open or shut, or a go-cart, or a child's horse or cart, or the parcel a man carried ? The line to be drawn was so fine that he believed no man in England was wise enough to determine it. They were to say which way the verdict should be. Was a perambulator one of the usual accom paniments of a large class of passengers, so light and so small as not to be a nuisance to other pas sengers or injurious to the soil? The jury retired for some time, and then were sent for. Upon their coming into court they said they were not agreed upon their verdict. The Judge—Then, gentlemen, you must again retire. Ido not intend to discharge you. The par ties have come hero at a great expense, and have a right to your verdict. I shall go to Clifton, and if you decide before - dark I will put myself into corn • munication with you on the same to-morrow morn ing. A Juror—Some of the jury object to the word " nuisance ;" they wish the word explained. The Judge—l may simply tell you that a nui sance to the way is that which prevents the use of the way by passengers. He would put the matter in three propositions :—First, were perambulators the usual accompaniments of a large class of foot passengers ? Secondly, was this particular per ambulator so small and so light as not to be a nuisance to other passengers? Thirdly, was it a nuisance to the soil ? As he would leave the fact entirely to them, he supposed they would take the law entirely from him. If it was such a usual ac companiment as he had described, then the defend ant had no right to object to it. That was a ques tion of law for him, and not far them. They would now retire. A Juror—Will your Lordship allow us to have beds at some inn ? The Judge—No, gentlemen ; you can have nothing more than the room affords. Shortly after 8 o'clock the jury, being unable to agree, were discharged by consent of both parties, and the business of the Western Circuit concluded. NORTHERN CIRCUIT.—LIVERPOOL, Aug. 19. THE ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE FORGERIES. Edward Williamson having been called up for sentence, Mr. Edward James, Q.C., addressed his lordship for the prisoner. Baron Martin, in passing sentence, reviewed the principal features in the case, remarking that if the prisoner had not been an old man he should have found it his duty to have imposed a more heavy punishment than he was about to do. The sentence was that he be sent to 15 years penal servitude. The prisoner bowed his head and was led down stairs. AWFUL MATRICIDE IN CAMBRIDGE SHIRE.-ATTEMPTED TRIPLE MURDER. A cold-blooded murder was perpetrated at Fen Ditton, a village about three miles from Cambridge, on Saturday night last. The poor woman who has thus been hurried into eternity was the widow of a publican at Ditton, who for years kept " The Plough," at the river side, a house well known to boating members of the University. On the decease of her husband, who had acquired a small competency, and the respect of all who knew him, Mrs. Harvey retired from the occu pancy of the inn and took a house immediately facing the church, where Mrs. Witts lived with her in the double capacity of lodger and friend. In this house Mrs. Harvey met her end at the hands of her eldest son. As may be supposed, the village was a scene of great excitement. On Sunday, Mrs. Har vey's corpse was lying on a door in the cellar. The descent into the cellar was by a flight of steps, 17 in number, and at the foot of them was a pool of blood, that marked beyond all mistake where the first fearful assault was committed. Mrs. Witts is at pre sent in such a condition as to render it unadviss ble to question her. An inquest was opened yesterday before Mr. Barlow, coroner for this division of the county, and the following evidence adduced : Louisa H. Harvey deposed—l am the wife of Richard Sturges Harvey, son of the deceased Ann Harvey, whose body is now lying at her house. I reside in London, but was visiting a t m y mother in-law's. My address is 7, Queen's-terrace, Ad ston. I came down to Ditton on Saturday week. I was in deceased's house on Saturday evening be tween 8 and 9. I, the deceased, Mrs. Witts, and Mr. Shadrach Jacobs were there. We were all in the back kitchen. The deceased, taking up a ham from off the kitchen table, said, " I'll take this ham down into the cellar now." Deceased was accus tomed to speak very loud, and did so on Saturday night. Mrs. Witts said, " Shall I show you a light, Mrs. Harvey ?" and followed with the candle, Mrs. Harvey having replied, " You may if you will, Mrs. Witts." As soon as they started I saw a man rush from behind the water-tub, just outside the garden-door; he entered the house and rushed down the cellar. I thought it was Thomas Harvey. I saw him distinctly. Thomas Harvey is a son of the deceased. I heard a voice say, " Oh, I've got you now," and directly after a fearful cry of 1. Oh !" 1 said, " Oh, that's Thomas," - street, and called "Murder." Had heard that Thomas had abused and threatened his mother, and that the mother's door had been kept locked in con sequence. He had been to the house late at night, and abused and threatened her. Rushed into a pub lic-house, close by, and said, " For God's sake coma in, poor Mrs. Harvey is being murdered." When I got back there were several people in the house, but I saw no more of Thomas Harvey. I heard dreadful screams—a woman's screams—before. I left, but heard no blows struck. I went down towards the cellar on my return, and saw Mrs. Harvey's body lying at the bottom of the stairs. Mrs. Witts was sitting in a chair at the back door, supported by several persons; she was dreadfully injured on the head and face. Jacobs was walking in the room, he was dreadfully wounded in the head. Understood that Mrs. Harvey was dead when I went back. Was last here last year, about August ; there were quar rels going on then. They were a dispute with re • gard to a small piece of land near where Thomas lived. That land belonged to Mrs. Harvey, but Thomas wanted it, and had taken possession of it two or three years ago. Thomas was always friendly towards me, but had threatened to shoot my hus band. My husband is in Ditton now. Thomas Har vey is a married man with a family. The deceased Mrs. Harvey was 69 years of age. Mr. James Carter, surgeon, of the Petty Cury, Cambridge, deposed minutely to the nature of the wounds inflicted on the deceased and the injured persons. Shadrach Jacobs, brother of the deceased, said that Thomas's violentconduet had commenced since his father's death, but ho never proceeded further than words before. John Peachey deposed—l live at Fen Ditton. On Saturday night, a little past eight, I saw Thos. Har vey in the orchard, walking towards his mother's house, as though from the Horingsea-road. In about a quarter of an hour or tweiity minutes after I saw Harvey 1 heard the cry of " Murder." It was from Mrs. Richard Harvey, who came into the King's He d, where I and others were. I went to the house of deceased and found she had been murdered. William Collier said—Hearing the cry of " Mur der" on Saturday night, I, Turner, and George Muggleton went down into the cellar--a candle had been fetched from Richard Collier's, next door to deceased's. When we got down we found poor Mrs. Harvey lying on the bricks, nearly dead, in a pool of blood. The back of her head was smashed in, and the back of her right hand cat. She never spoke, and died in about ten minutes. Have frequently heard Thomas Harvey say during the last two years that he would "do away with some of them, and then make away with himself." He has said that before as many as from 15 to 20 people. Thomas Hancock, labourer, having given cor roborative evidence, Richard Sturges Harvey, of Dalston, tailor, said —I am the brother of Thomas Harvey, and executor to my father. My father left a piece of garden ground to my mother for life, and at her death to be sold, and the proceeds to be divided among all his children except Thomas. There are seven others. Thomas had his share left specially under the will, but he occupied a piece of the land. He had taken forcible possession of it and dared any one to take it from him. He always said my father promised to leave him the whole, but Ido not believe it. I presume the land was a portion of the occasion of the quarrel. I believe he thought my father would die without a will, and that he would have the whole. I believe he had a spite, because my mother sent for me and got me to come down and get my father to make the will. A better mother no man can have. The Coroner having carefully summed up, The jury, without any hesitation, returned a ver dict of wilful murder against Thomas Harvey. At the time our reporter left Ditton (about half past three), Mrs. Witts's life was trembling in the balance, she was not expected to live an hour. The murderer had not been heard of dead or alive, though the river Cam had been searched and dragged, and the country scoured by the police and other willing aids in various directions. [ADVERTISE➢LENT.]—HoIIoway's Ointment and Pills.— More precious than Gold.—Diarrhcoa, dysentery, and cholera are through the summer's heat carrying off the young., as the winter's cold destroyed the aged. In the most acute cases where internal medicines cannot be re. tained, the greatest relief will immediately result from rubbing Holloway's soothing Ointment over the abdomen. The friction should be frequent and brisk to ensure the penetration of a large portion of the unguent. This Oint griping yield to it, Where ment calms tho excited peristaltic action, and soothes the pain. Both vomiting and it is proper fruits or vegetables have originated the malady, to remove all indigested matter from the bowels by a mode rate dodo of 119119WAY' 6 Fills before aekag the Ointment. UP TREE. I had now been in the tree some two hours, and all this time a continuous stream of wounded were being carried past me to the rear. The soldiers would cross their muskets, placing their wounded companion across, slowly carry them past ; another soldier would have a wounded man with his arm around his neck, slowly walking back, and then two men would be bearing a mortally-wounded comrade in their arms, who was in convulsions and writhing in his last agonies. These were to me the most affecting scenes I witnessed, and I could hardly keep back the tears, while I could look upon the dead unmoved. Picking a couple of persimmons as a remembrance, I descended the tree, startling two soldiers leaning against it, by requesting them to move their guns so that I could get down. They looked up in astonishment at hearing a voice, and uo doubt their first thought was that I might be a Secessionist spy, but the " U. S." on my belt, and my anxious inquiries after their regiment, soon re assured them. Leaving the tree, I went along over the field to the left, the bullets whistling about me, and the cannon balls ploughing up the ground in every direction, when I came across two of our men with a prisoner, who said he belonged to a South Carolina regiment. I asked him some questions, but he was dogged and silent, and did not appear to be disposed to reply to my i nqu i r i es . Th e s h ot fell so thick and shells bursting around me, I hardly knew which way to turn. A musket-ball whizzed past my ear so near that I felt the heat and, for a moment, thought I was hit. The ground was strewn with broken guns, swords, cartridge boxes, blankets, haversacks, gun carriages, together with all the paraphernalia of warfare, mingled with the dead and wounded men. I saw here a horse and his rider under him, both killed by the same cannon ball. Seeing a small white house still towards the left, with a well near it, I started for some water and, getting over a wall, I discovered lying beside it a number of our dead, with their haversacks drawn over their faces. I lifted the cover from their faces, thinking, perhaps, I might come across some of my friends, but they were all strangers, or so disfigured that I could not recognise them. I went to the well for a drink, and as I drew near the house I heard loud groans, and such a scene as was there presented, in that little houso of two rooms, and on the grass around it, was enough to appal the stoatest heart. The rooms were crowded, and I could not get in ; but all around on. the grass were men mortally wounded. I should think there were at least forty on that green sward, within twenty rods of the house, and such wounds —some with both legs shot off, some with a thigh shot away, some with legs broken, others with horrid flesh wounds made from shells. I saw one man with a wound in his back large enough to put in my fist ; he was fast bleeding to death. They lay so thick around me that I could hardly step between them, and every step was in blood. As 1 walked among them some b eseec h e d me to kill them and put an end to their agony ; some were just gasping, and some had died since they had been brought there, and the dying convulsions of these strong men were agonising in the extreme. Some were calling for the surgeon, but the hos pital was more than a mile off, and there ware but two surgeons here. I left the house, and bore off to the right, towards some of the low pine woods, about a hundred rods distant, and scattered along were the dead bodies of our men. On reaching the wood I found the ground literally covered with the corpses of the enemy, and I counted in the space of ten rods square forty-seven dead Southerners, and ten mortally wounded; and scattered all through the woods still farther back were•any number more. I talked with several of the wounded, and they told me they belonged to the Eighth Georgia Regiment, Colonel Bartow, and had arrived at Manassas from Winchester the day before, there they had been. with General Johnston. They told me their whole regiment was posted in this pine wood. One young man teld me he was from Macon, and that his father was a merchant. I asked another where he was from ; he replied defiantly, " I am for disunion. —opposed to you." This man had both thighs broken. I heard one of our soldiers ask a wounded Georgian if their orders were to kill our wounded. He answered, "No." Our soldiers carried water to these wounded men, and as they writhing in agony a cup of water was put within their reach. The convulsions of one of these was awful to look upon; he appeared to have been shot in the lungs, as he vomited blood in large quantities, and in his struggles for breath would throw himself clear from the ground. I noticed among the heap of bodies an officer dressed in light blue uniform, with green stripes on his pants, a fine looking man whom I took to be a captain. I also saw one of our soldiers take sixty dollars from the body of a dead Georgian; and their knives, revolvers, &c., were appropriated the same way. This I looked upon as legitimate plunder for the soldiers, but as a citizen 1 forebore to take anything from the field.—Letter in the Boston Traveller. COUNTRY MARKETS. COLCHESTER—AUG, 17. We had a fair supply of new wheat, which was taken at 56s to 64s per qr., many of the samples of good quality and weight. A few samples of new barley were shown. Peas met a slow trade. Beans made late rates. Wheat, white s2s to 66s Beans, Mazagan..36 4to 42s red 44s to 62s Middle & small 38s to 44s Barley —s to —s I White peas 4- to 48s Oats —s to --s Grey, .. 36s to 40s CHELMSFORD—AuG. 16. An average supply of wheat. Old wheats declined from 48 to 6s per qr on last week's prices; new, 3s to 4s lower. Spring corn of all descriptions about the same, with* limited sale. Wheat, white....2Bs to 60s Peas, Partridge..36s to 40s red 30s to 46s White 38s to 448 Barley 29s to 408 Boiling 4os to 468 Chevalier ....30s to 41s Dun 34s to 388 Grinding 26s to 35 s B eans, Tick ....36s to 428 Malt 61s to 67s Harrow Ticks 38s to 44s Chevalier 64s to 69s Mazagan 34s to 368 Oats 23s to 30s NOTTINGHAM--AUG 17. The show of wheat to-day from the growers was ample, many new samples being offered, Old oats declined 2s per qi. Barley a very dull trade. Beans a small show, and late prices not maintained. Wheat 3Bs to 60s Oats.. White do 47s to 65 s B eans 26s s to to 32 —- 4 Barley .....29s to 31s Ditto, old ........40s to 510 KIRKALDY—Atra. 17. A good supply to-day of wheat and oats, but small of barley, with a slow sale at 2s decline on wheat; oats also 6d cheaper. Barley at about last week's currencies. Wheat I Barley First.... 34 s Od 1 30s Od 26s Oats Od Second.. 50s Od 35s Od 30 s Od I Third .. 56s Od —s Od 32s Od TILE MAILS. MAILS . Australia, Ceylon, and Mauriti D us UE (via. South ampton) .. Do. Brazil and Cape Verds Buenos Ayres, Monte Video, &o. Cuba and Mexico .. • . .. Aug. 28 Canada &c. (via L'derry) Aug. 21. Cape of ? Good Hope, &e. .. • . .. Sept. 1. China, Penang, and Singapore (via S'ampton) Aug. 18. Do (via Marseilles) Aug. 26. Gibraltar (via Southampton) .. • • .. Overdue. India(Calcutta), Ceyl on , & c. ( v i a Southampton) Aug. 18. Do. (via Marseilles) Aug. 26. India (Bombay), (via Southampton)• • .. Ov er due. Do. (via Marseilles) A ug 19. Lisbon .. •• .. Sept. 21. Malta, Egypt, and Aden (via Southampton) .. Overdue. Do. .................Sept.Aug. 19. Vigo, and Oporto United States, California, &e. . • A u g, 21. Western Coast of Atrica Madeira, Teneriffe .. Sept. 10. West Indies and Pacific;Carthagena. Cuba, &c. Aug. 28. • • .. .. Aug. 18 (via Marseilles) Sept. 12. .. Sept. 3. Photographs are simply the effect of Light on iodide of silver. Defects of manipulation have been remedied, and perfection produced. The same with Herring's magnetic' brushes and combs, which are now so perfected that they argil unfailing in restoring the colour to grey hair, and eradicating the agonies of tic doloreux and nervous headache. N. 8.-- Counterfeits are being made. Offices, London. Basingnall-streets BIRTHS. - -- CARR.—On the 17th i ns t., a t - the Rectory, Bonchurcht Isle of Wight, the wife of the Rev. Edmund Carr, of * son. FELLOWES.—On the 16th inst., at 7, Atholl-crescent, Edinburgh, the wife of Captain W. A. Fellowes, of a daughter. MAXWELL.—On the 18th inst., at Scarthingwell, the Hon, Mrs. Henry Maxwell, of a son. MARRIAGES. DisnAELT—Twgvon..—On the 15th inst., at St. John's, Paddington, Ralph Disraeli, Esq., son of the late I. Disraeli, Esq., of Bradenharn, Buck to Katharine, the daughter of Charles Trevor, Esq. ; , Norfolk- crescen t. SHAND—JORTE.—On the 15th inst. at Church/ St. Marylebon e , T . Livi ngst one Sb. , and T Es rinity qto MarY, only daught er of the late James Jorrie, Esq.,Birkeno head. ATKINSONT. DEATHS. Thom --On the 13th inst. at. Lower Walmer, Kent, Thomas On Atkinson, Esq FRGS F.G.S., for many Years travelling in Central Asia. and author of " TraVds in Siberia and on the Amoor," aged 62. BELL. —On the 18th bast at Leith, Geo. B e ll, Esq., ag ed 67, • 2 CIACUITT.—On the 18th inst., at Woburn, Ann Circuitt., aged 76. DANIELL.—On the 19th inst., at Worthing, Mary, wife of R. Perceval Daniell, Esq., of Blan.dford-square, and New Bond-street. PILBROW.—On the 18th inst., at West-green, Tottenham, Edward Llewellwyn Pib row , E sq ., a g e d 81. LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG, at No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TnE Sur; Office, No. 112,Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, In the County of Kiddlessit Tuesday, August 20, 1801. The by nea bonus. For street, " Tii receiv( corr m( auranc " Fit for thP " Lii paiums "Pu "Th that it " th Th brougt Insura Premit In 184 £2 2,9 E ceedin two ye 1 1 need " Th OOVerT the bu of cony be rral Royal Coq pa those VaTICC ( cent. 0 Offices Wards establii 4 •1114 I nvaria Life Bi leg an It. A. on Nev 17s, to( above .Bul sudden this Bi " rt Public th t th last ye Liabili as plai subject valuati " It , phiet n the attenti most is affor In the tually poodle In it se of Ulm If Pany be at c head o Count] effect 1 lashed a epee SPE( PROF THE SECU Sir M: Henri Charlc Chart Franc Sir W Thom John John Ir,~. On at R. and turn othe Pt VET bfinel of B e 1810, bers c Will' I Deere Tue /100 n, adind IV tic Brans Expi G I) Lewl John Thoi LII ACT ( purer bivis . Prolll Sin Aram cash I _Bonn Aft Assui arnott Pram excee LO -Extri IN' iniun Lo rain(' AS eeivel MI or I. FI ever, Corm a URI for Can Stn. Rat pro an( 7 ani 3bili k''X( T.,0.