The Sun. — London, England, 1861-08-16 00:00:00

ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA, Govent-Garden. MR. MELLON'S PROMENADE CONCERTS. Mr, Alfred Mellon has the honour to announce that his Promenade Concerts take pla ce every Evening at 8 o'clock. Promenade, One shilling% Conductor, Mr. Alfred Mellon. On MONDAY next, August 19, a MENDELSSOHN NIGHT. TH -- r,ATEm.II.O YAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mt. J. 11. Baokstfmr. 'llll4 EVENING, the perinrtaancrs wilt r3onumnr, with a ncw Ballet, BACCHUS AND AREADNE. Miss Fanny Wright, the Leelereqs, Mr. Webster, tize. After which, a ne7 Comedy, entitled MY LORD AND MY LADY ; or, It Might have been Worse. Mr. C. Mathews, Mr. Andrews, Mr. Buckstone, Mrs. Charles Mathews, Mrs. &c. Followed by THE BALANCE OF COMFORT. Miss M. Oliver. To conclude with THE CHRISTENING. Commence a' 7 NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.- Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. 106th Night of "The Dead Heart." THIS EVENING, the great Adelphi drama, THE DEAD HEART. Messrs. B. Webster, J. L. Toole, Fisher, Billing ton, Eburne, Smith, Romer ; Miss Wooigar and Miss Kate To conclude with (28th time) THE PRETTY HORSE BREAKER. Mr. J. L. Took, Mr. Paul Bedford; Miss K. Kelly, Miss Woolgar, Miss E. Thorne, Miss Laidlaw, and Mrs. Chatterley, On Wednesday next, Aug. 21, the Annual Benefit of Mr. Wm. Smith, Acting Manager. " The Flowers of the Forest," "The Woman Hater," and "Perfection." Doors open at half past 6—Commence at 7. CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS AND FINE ARTS GALLERY.—SAM COWELL, the Prince of Comic Vocalists, will make his First Appearance since his return to England on THURSDAY, the 29th August. Admission--Hall, 6d. ; Stalls and Balcony, ls. iA NTERBURY HA LL CONCERTS, AND FINE ARTS GALLERY. Two Grand Selections from Operas, including UN BALLO IN MASCHERA, arranged and conducted by Mr. Jongh mans. Mr. Word and his talented little Son. The extraor dinary comic duet, " The Nerves," by Harvey and French, Mr. Marshall in " The Excursion to Brighton," "Selina Sly," and " In the Park." First appearance of Miss HARRIET COVENEY on MONDAY Evening. Admission—Hall, 6d.; Stalls and Balcony, Is. T H E 0 X F OR D, ':;~s 6,_ OXFORD-STREET. The architectural beauty, elegance of ornamentation, and brilliancy of lighting of this - noble building, render it one of the sights of London. Open Every Evening. The pro gramme is varied, and includes Selections from "La Tra riot i," "Un Ballo in Moochers," ac., (by a full company of principals, powerful band, and chorus). Solos by Miss Bryant en the Piano Forte, and by Mr. Russell on the Trombone. Old English Ballad, by Miss Green, Scotch Duets by the Misses Stuart, and other vocal and Instrumental music of the highest order. Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans. Th rs e c9 . m . _le . portion of the entertainment is supported by 31ssa 5 l an -r d Foster (in his " Life Sketches"), Sam Collins, Harvey, French (the Nerves), E. Marshall, and W. Randal l. H a ll, sixpenee ; Balcony and Stalls, one shilling. Private Boxes, 10s. 6d. HIGH WATER. AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tam DAY. —Morning, 9h. 54m.—Afternoon, 10h. 36m. To-mounow.-Morning, 11h. 24m.—Afternoon, h. in. THE WEATHER.—Surt OFFICE, AUGUST 16, 1 61. THEEAtoMETER, IN THE SHADE. 72 —highest since noon yesterday. Gl—lowest this morning and during the night. 63—this day at noon. BAROMETER--29.90. Wnin—Southerly—moderate ; with rain all the morn ing. Two o'cLocx.—Weather clearing up now. Wind veered to South-West again. (4/ _ _ <44 4 - THE SUN. LONDON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 16, 1861. From the farthest extremeties of the earth come perpetually new evidences of the wonderful truth of VOLTAIRE'S terrible satire of " Micromegas." The colossal inhabitant of Sirius asks of one of the little atoms of humanity whom he is examining with the aid of a stupendous miscroscope, and whose other wise inaudible voice he is just able to catch faintly through the tube of a gigantic ear-trumpet—" le Sirien" asks this little infinitesimal atom of humanity what may be the origin of those sangui nary wars among men, about which the said atom has just then been descanting. "Le Sirien," says VOLTAIRE, " fremit, et demanda quel pouvoit etre le sujet de ces horribles quenelles entre de si chetifs animaux. s'agit, dit ie philosophe fi. e., the atom inaudible and imperceptible to the unaided senses but then under the ear-trumpet and the micro scope), it s'agit de quelques tas de bouc Brands comme votre talons." It is the old story, of course. But here comes the old stm y again to our hearing from the opposite extremity of the globe. From New zealand, in point of fact. Where—another war or the fag end of the old one has again broken out. Our advices from our antipodes give the particulars in detail. And among those particulars comes to us, as an epitome of them all, the Proclamation issued by Governor BROWNE. From a careful exa mination of the causes of this fresh outbreak of hos tilities between the native tribes and the English, it will be seen how perfectly accu rate was that ironical comment dropped like a drop of vitriol on to his page by the 111 pitiless and probe-like pen of the French SWIFT — that cynical writer who, if he resembled SWIFT in the cruelty of his irony and the frightful poignancy of his satire, as far exceeded SWIFT in the scope of his genius as GULLIVER was surpassed in proportions by the stupendous bulk of MicaomEGAs. There, too--in New Zealand, at our Antipodes—where the Aborigines are confronted by the civilised Eng lish --the cause of quarrel is a little bit of earth about the size of the nail of the wandering traveller from the Dog Star. Viewed with the eyes of any celestial visitant —any war that has ever been fought upon the globe is just as absurd in its way as this. But of all the ridiculous events of the kind that can happen, the most utterly ridiculous is —(that especial horror of the Great Duke)—a Little War. And this is precisely the character of these inter minable little, never-ending, still-beginning, wars in New Zealand, Let us loc a at the last specimen, as present e d to our view in. the Proclamation of his Excellency Governor B ROWNE. And the cause of it ? H ow possibly can it be talked of gravely ? origin of the whole quarrel appears to date back no further than to the year 1858, when a portion of the Maori l`ribe, dwelling in Wakaito, set up a King of their own—a tawny Afajesty, answering to the ridiculous name of POTATAU Actually—thist same King POTATAU (having, no doubt, an eye to power and regal magnificence) was, in the Jun e of 1858, solemnly installed by his Maori lieges at a place called Rangiawhia. Two years later King POTATAU dies. He is succeeded of course by a Now Potatau in the person of his son,King MATUTA ERA. Since that period, that is, since 1860, for a lit tle more than a whole twelve month past, matters 1 appear there to have been going from bad to worse. The Governor, in his proclamation, states this downward progress of things very plainly < Diversity of opinion," he says, " existed from the commencement as to what would result from this m ovement. Some were led to believe that its supp orters desired only the es tablishme n t o f or d er , an , d a govern i ng aut h or i ty amo ng' themselves; while others viewed with ap- Preh etAiee, a confederacy - which they deemed fraugh t with ,ony. The governor danger to t:le peace of the co more favou ra b le vi at first . 7 .nclined towards the ew of the mov emen t, b a t soon felt misgi v i ng . , Which have been justified by th e event." Yet he fives ou to say, " The Governor, however, has not interfered to to put down the Maori Ki ng by force. He h as I qvish the hope that the eon unwilli ng t o relin a')ris themselves, seeing the danger of the course they werea o p enu trsuauintghOratyd authority would the institution of an ind,pen must prove inefficient for all pu m SeB of their own accor d abandon their of good, att empts? , H ow little these amiable! anticipations of hi s tx. ()enemy h ave been rei ci s ed, events hav e only too clearly shown. The result is that the Governor has had to draw out a terrible list of the sins and peccadilloes.of the Maori tribe: By way of attest ing their loyalty to the memory of King POTATAU and their allegiance to the authority his son King MATUTAERA, they have done—what Governor BROWNE (looking very black at them, askance, the while) sums up in his formidable list of crimes. They have set up "an authority inconsistent with their allegiance" to the QUEEN, and in direct violation of the treaty of Waitangi. The first part of this first charge being done, of course, upon the principle of imperium in imperio —the second part showing that the Maoris, no less readily than their European fellow-men, can (when ever it may appear to them convenient to do so) regard a treaty as so much waste paper. Several other charges, more or less heavy, follow. Fighting, and burning, and sacking, are among them ! Harbouring ruffians who have committed all sorts of crimes against her MAJESTY'S subjects—that also is on the black list already alluded to. The administration of justice even has been impeded by the lawless assembling of armed men. Her MA JESTY'S mails have been stopped by the Maoris and their abettors, and " other offences," to condense everything in one good round phrase, according to the wording of the Proclamation, " have been committed to the subversion of her MAJESTY'S sovereignty, and of the authority of the law." After all which it was impossible, of course, for the representative of the CROWN to do otherwise than interfere. Yet not so much even now by force of arms as by force of argu ment, and appeals to common sense. " The Ma or; he says, "cannot be m ore anx i ous th an th e QUEEN and her Governor f or th e comp l ete establish ment of law and order amongst the Alaori people, and that the institutions of the Government should be, as far as practicable, in accordance with their interests and wishes ; but the Moaris must not for get that these objects are unattainable without their own cordial co-operation. The Governor last year convened a meeting of chiefs to consult with him upon native affairs, and has declared his intention again to assemble chiefs from all parts of these islands for the same purpose. Her MAJESTY has been pleased to approve of these proceedings." And to this new assembly of the Chiefs, Governor BROWNE now announees categorically and anticipatively the demands that are to be made. To wit :-1. From all, submission without reserve to the Queen's sovereignty and the authority of the law. 2. From those who are in possession of plunder taken from her Majesty's European or native' subjects, restoration of that plunder. 3. From those who have destroyed or made away with property belonging to her Majesty's subjects, European or native, compensation for the losses sustained." Those conditions, in fact, com prise within them not so much the ultimatum as the ultimatissimum. Supposing these demands not to be complied with, England will have in some sense to carry out the threat of " le Sirien"—to take a step or two across to those little districts ravaged by the Maoris, and then to crush the offenders under foot. "Il me prend envie de faire trois pas, et d'ecraser de trois coups de pied: tonte cette fourmiliere d'assassins ridicules." Lord BROUGHAM and Mr. ROEBUCK have both been doing injustice to Hungary. The former, indeed, almost by an obiter dictum, beat the latter of set purpose. What a strange change of positions that Constitutional Right and Liberty should have to assert itself against two such champions. Lord BROUGHAM, in his inaugural address, after advert ing to the abolition of Russian serfdom, and breath ing his aspirations for Poland, turned to Austria and Hungary, giving the former, indeed, a passing rebuke for the centralization it attempted for twelve years, but describing favourably its present attempts at a sort of Constitutional Government. This might have been well enough ; we have seen and pointed out, ourselves, elements of good, and hopes of greater good, in the Austrian Reichsrath and provincial assemblies. We still think them a great and valuable improvement on the former un mitigated bureaucracy. Public discussion alone, if the assembly could do nothing, accompanied by the publication of the discussions, is of immense value. If not put down, or checked arbitrarily, it has the germ of almost all liberties in it. But why attack Hungarian movements, and, by implication, justify those of Austria ? Lord BROUGHAM said that Austria was willing to give to Hungary its ancient constitution as " it existed before 1848, and that the establishment of that which was formed in a season of civil war alone is refused." There was no civil war in Hungary when FERDINAND opened the Diet in November, 1847, which passed the laws of 1848 ; there was none before those laws were passed and solemnly sanctioned by the King, No doubt the French revolution of February facilitated the passage of those laws; but the civil war, so far as Hungary was concerned, began by the German Court—with that Jezebel the Archduchess SOPHIA as chief intriguer —bribing the infamous JELLACHICH to attack Hun gary, while it was publishing from Inspruck a proclamation condemning him as a traitor. Lord BROUGHAM must surely remember this ; and not all his surviving powers of special pleading could explain away such broad facts. Then, again, Lord BROUGHAM, cf all men, ought to know that the Hungarians ask nothing, so far as the relations between their King and them are concerned, but what rests distinctly upon the basis of the Pragmatic Sanction. The EMPEROR himself does not desire to abolish all the laws of 1848 which his predecessor sanctioned, but those only which bind afresh the Kings of Hungary to govern as Rings, in accordance with the Prag matic Sanction, and no t as conquerors. Those laws were, indeed, laws as generous to the people, sacrificing all tha exelusive feudal privileges of nobility and clergy, as they were explicit in bind ing the monarch to govern by the old constitution. In regard to him, fidelity alone was required. Sub mission on his part to the laws, whil e t h e people submitted to them on thcirs. Can Lord BROUGHAM have been ignorant of this? We own ourselves surprised. We would specify the laws of 1848, had we not recited them a short time ago. How ever, we trust Lord BROUGHAM has by this time read M. DEAK'S noble address. He will see then the superabundant proof that what the Hungarians ask is what existed by law before 1848. Let Lord BROUGHAM understand this, that the liberties of the rest of the Austrian Empire, in the hands of German Ministers and a Hapsburg King, really depend on Hungary's firmness. If she sustain her position, the Germans dare not trifle with the rest—for a free Hungary would ever side with those who were asserting their freedom. Were she to yield, all the rest might be bullied, coerced, or cajoled by the RECIIBERGS and SCHMER LINGS. From Mr. ROEBUCK, of course, after his visit to Vienna, and his escapade in the House of Commons, we were not surprised at anything. A kinsman of the QUEEN, by marriage, and to do him justice we believe one of the best of the Archdukes, comes over here to see her MAJESTY, and to learn a little by inspection about English naval affairs. He is feted at Southampton, the town which gave KOSSUTH THE SUN, LONDO N, FRIDAY ir ENING, AUGUST 16. 1861. also an ovation ; and this was, of course, a proper occasion for a member of the English House of Commons to praise all he could Austria's attempts to create something like an imitation of it. He did not, on this occasion, venture in explicit words to attack Hungary, but he took care to describe what Austria was doing, in such language as should by implication condemn the former. We should have liked him batter for saying openly what ho meant. He said that we Englishmen were slowly compre hending the greatness of the EMPEROR'S deeds. He was not raising one people above another, or attempting to make one part of his dominions superior to another, but was treating all alike. But with Mr. ROEBUCK'S leave the whole ques tion is the right of the Emperor of AUSTRIA to treat all alike. He has a kingdom which, by every treaty of his ancestors, including the one which makes him hereditary King, is an indepen dentcost k it i u n t d n o , —a kingdom with a most venerable m and corresponding franchises of all n kinds ; ho has also a medley of no one knows how many provinces under his despotic power. The former be can obviously only deal with according to the terms of the old constitution and treaties ; to the other part he is free to vouchsafe any consti tution he pleases, and Mr. ROEBUCK'S commenda tion is, that he treats all alike—the very thing which is his crime. Suppose Mr. ROEBUCK to in herit a large estate, he finds connected with it tenants at will, tenants for short leases, tenants for long leases, and copyholders. "I do not like," he says, " this motley diversity; I will treat you all alike. To you tenants at will I will give leases of reasonable length, and you copyholders, and all other tenants, must be put on the same footing." Confiscation ! every ono would exclaim. " No equal treatment, let no part of my hereditary estate be superior to another," Mr. ROEBUCK would reply. oßut we are of right superior,"the copyholders would rejoin, and the long lease tenants would coneur. But, according to Mr. ROEBUCK'S reasoning, if he had got rid of all the armed males from the pro perty, and had spread over it a set of armed foreigners in his pay, he might, like Austria, say, I persist in making you all alike. Mr. ROEBUCK knows that this illustration is no exaggeration. As to his fulsome praises of the EMPEROR, backed most humbly and gratefully by the Austrian Am bassador; all that we can say is that " treacle" is not Mr. ROEBUCK'S line. Englishmen can forgive him anything in his natural vein ; and, when he reverts on any future occasion to Austria, we advise him also to revert to " brimstone." It is not too much to say that the first golden link between England and India has now been formed. India has indeed poured her gold abun dantly enough into English purses, but it has been little more than tribute. Companies have been formed which have sent capital recently to India, but it has been guaranteed. It seems to have been reserved to the East India Irrigation and Canal Company to have been the first to fashion a link of gold without alloy between this country and her great dependency. The company is an unguaran teed one. It sends India capital, and seeks only dividends in return. The Government has no fur ther connection with it than what secures its own rights and the necessary powers to the company. We may well hail this event. The principle of the company's operations is the pure commerial prin ciple, though the beneficial results certain to flow from it are such as to enlist the hearty sympathy and warm public advocacy in the House of Peers itself, of Lord —SHAFTESBURY. It cannot be said that the Company has been well used by the Home Government—that is by Sir CHAS. WOOD. We may let byegones be bye gones, yet it is impossible not to advert for a moment to the unaccountable pettifogging and sharp practice of our Indian Secretary. Our readers have seen it noticed before, but it was, we must say, a piece of tampering with a contract, such as we hope never to see again. Had the Government shared the risk by a guarantee, there would have been fair ground to ask a share of the Company's profits after interest for capital ex pended had been fairly paid. But to wish first to avoid all risk, then to share at discretion, for to that it amounted, in the profits of an able scheme, and of skilful administration, was inexcusable. That the Company rightly interpreted the terms of its contract can hardly be doubted. Lord CANNING took their view of it in India ; the Press I of this country took the same view ; members of Parliament took the same view ; so at last, whether Sir CHARLES WOOD took the rsame view or not, he acted on it, and left the matter to the company and their old and honourable friend Lord CANNING. One fact alone shows what difficulty Sir C. WOOD himself had in twisting the contract into something plausible for his worse than SHYLOCK interpreta tion. He received Lord CANNING'S despatch, accept ing the Company's views and proposals, in the middle of January, the Company heard nothing of it till the middle of March, when they received a copy of it, with a letter intimating that both Lord CANNING and the Company had mistaken the terms of the contract! In this style did the Indian Secretary deal with the first company, which pro posed to spend English money in enriching the Indian cultivator, and the Indian Exchequer taking their own chance of enriching themselves. We refer our readers, however, to the Chairman's speech for the full details of the case ; only adding that we fancy some "Old Indian" was at the elbow of the worthy Sir CHARLES ; who, never theless, must bear the responsibility of acting on his advice. We have so recently as well as formerly adverted to the incalculable value of water for India, that we need not do more than call attention to it afresh through this company. That it 'will pay the shareholders, and pay them handsomely, probably splendidly, we do not entertain a moment's doubt, a remark we should not venture, had wo a single share in it. But we look upon this company as a public benefactor, first to a few shareholders of the English public— but to tens, probably to hundreds, of thousands of the Indian public. We write advisedly when we say that, having read most which has been written on the subject of Indian irrigation and canals attended to the subject, since Colonel CoTroN's book appeared, our con viction,s ü b b j e e l i c e: , e i that that o a f f a a l i andall startwho haveonlonly is wanted to mak e such companies among the most popular both in England and in India. The facility for irrigation, and asso ciated water conveyances, is so great; the almost fabulous agricultural wealth to be realised from it by the natives so certain, that the initial success of a well-managed company i s a ll that is wanted. We fully expect before many years have elapsed to see India overrun with en gineers selecting sites for irrigation and water car riage, just as England was overrun by them in the year of the railway mania. There may be even similar dangers to guard against. This company has selected a very desirable dis trict, for an account of which we may again refer to the Chairman's speech. We must, however, quote one extract :—" To show them the results of irrigation he might point to one remarkable in- j stance mentioned by Mr. SMITJI, an executive officer of Bengal, who stated that Mr. GROSE, at a cost of £230, made a dam across the Damoodah nearly a quarter of a mile long, by which he successfully turned the whole of its water into another chan nel, from which he afforded irrigation to 11,666 acres of rich cultivation, moderately valued at £5,250. What this gentleman had done in one loca lity they proposed to do with the Orissa district at large, and there was no reason to doubt that the profit, though it might not be so great as that reaped by Mr. GROSE, would be wonderfully large. There was point he might mention, and that was the facility which the Mahanuddy gave for navi gation. The river was navigated by the natives 200 or 300 miles above Cuttack, and during floods much higher. When they had completed their works the navigation would be extended up to the Hooghly ; and by the Godavery on the one hand, and the Mahanuddy on the other, one in the west and the other in the south, they would open up the Berai district, and give the means of conveying the important produce of that district to the seashore:, By the Chairman's earlier remarks it will be seen that a district as large as Wales, now lying almost unproductive, will be rendered fertile ; that destruc tive floods will be not only staid in their course, but held back till the drought which succeeds will make their water more precious than gold ; and a fine cotton district will be brought into direct con nection with the sea. We may conclude, however, by eommending the report and the Chairman's speech equally to the attention of the invester and the philanthropist: p g NEWS PARIS, AUG. 16. Yesterday's fete was a brilliant aft►ir. The Him minations were very Enc. TURIN, AUG. 15, EVENING. A religious ceremony took place to-day in the church of the Lazzarites, in honour of the Fete Napoleon, and was attended by many French and Italians. CONSTANTINOPLE, AUG. 15. The Sultan has given the deputation from Mol davia and Wallachia a very kind reception. The Duke de Montebello, General Codrington, and General Willisen are expected here. A large number of persons were present at the mass celebrated to-day at the French Embassy, on account of the Fete Napoleon. Omar Pasha is indisposed. He is now at Mostar. Prince Albert of Prussia is using the baths at Mehadia. The International Commission has decided in favour of the Porte on the question of the settle ment of the boundaries of the mouths of the Danube, pending between the Porte and Moldavia. The Turkish Government is actively progressing with financial reforms, and is making preparations for the establishment of a National Bank. A great fire has taken place in the Turkish quarter of the town of Smyrna. The Porte has sent assistance to the inhabitants. The cholera has broken out at Tebiemi (F). OUTWARD CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS. The Indus, from Southampton, on the 4th, reached Malta on the 14th at 6 a.m., and left at 1 p.m. for Alexandria. The Vectis, from Marseilles on the 12th, reached Malta on the 14th, at 11 p.m., and left on the 15th, at 5 a.m., for Alexandria. KING 01 SWEDEN AIVD NORWAY. His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway, accompanied by the noblemen and gentlemen of his suite, and attended by Lord Harris and Col. the Hon. A. Hood, on behalf of the Queen, arrived at the Waterloo station on Wednesday evening from Farnborough, where the King, after witnessing the review of the division at Aldershott, had taken leave of the Prince Consort and the Crown Prince of Prussia. His Majesty and suite proceeded in several of the Qaeen's carriages, which were in attendance, direct to the residence of the Swedish and Norwegian Embassy, in Grosvenor-place, where he passed the night. After his arrival the King honoured with an interview Chevalier Tottie, Swedish and Norwegian Consul-General in London, who has just completed hall a-century of faithful service to his native country in the metropolis. Yesterday morning the King, accompanied by his brother, Prince Oscar, proceeded by special train on the Great Western Railway to Windsor, where his Majesty visited the Queen's apartments and the State-rooms in the Castle, the Round Tower, St. George's Chapel, and all the other usual objects of interest with foreigners. Before returning to Lon don the King paid a visit to Eton College. After luncheon the King proceeded in the Royal carriages placed at his disposal to the Crystal Palace, where his Majesty was received by the directors, and by Mr. Bowley, the general manager, by whom its various attractions were pointed out. His Majesty was greatly pleased with the Palace and its multifarious contents, and passed more than two hours in inspecting the building. Last evening his Majesty honoured the perform ances at the Haymarket Theatre with his presence, while Prince Oscar and suite attended the perform ances at the Adelphi Theatre. The King will visit Woolwich today. Viscountess Dungannon and Miss d'Arcy Irvine have left town for Folkstone. His lordship has also left town on a tour of visits. The Marquis d'Audigne has left Albert-gate House for Dover. THE MISSING HULL STEAMER.—lnformation has at length been received respecting the fate of the splendid screw steamer Z. C. Pearson, belonging to Z. C. Pearson, Esq., ex-mayor of Hull, and there is every reason to believe that she foundered at sea after a collision with a schooner on the 30th ult., between Bornholm and Gothland, in the Baltic. The following telegram has been received from Copenhagen :—"An English barque landed on Saturday, at Elsinore, the crew of the schooner Kotka, Capt. Stormstein, of Vasa, which, on the voyage to Lubeck with tar, had on the 30th inst. been in collision with a three •masted green steamer, name unknown." The report adds, " The schooner sank, and the crew drifted for 23 hours on the cargo, and saw the crew of the steamer constantly throwing cargo over board. The crew of the schooner were afterwards picked up by the above-mentioned barque. This perhaps refers to the Z. C. Pearson, of which nothing has been heard." No doubt is entertained in Hull that the steamer alluded to was the Z. C. Pearson, and as none of the crew have since been heard of, it is fully believed that Capt. Illingworth, with h a wife and servant, and a crew of 25 hands, besides seve ral passengers, have perished, making a total of upwards of 100 lives sacrificed in the Baltic since October. SOUTHAMPTON, Thursday. —The Lords of the Admiralty came up from Portsmouth in the Black Eagle steamer yesterday evening, and inspected the large graving dock, re-embarking immediately afterwards. During Lord Palmerston's visit in the morning he was evidently sur prised at the extent of accommodation afforded in the docks, and upon Colonel Barlow, the chairman of the Dock Company, being introduced to his lordship, he entered very fully with him into the advantages of the port of Southampton. Lord Palmerston did not appear to be aware that such a ship as the Warrior could be docked here. The Government commission which lately reported upon the extension of Chatham Dockyard, in going through the capa bilities of different ports almost ignored Southampton. The fact is, however, that as the large dry dock at this port is 425 ft. long on the blocks, 30 ft. wide, and 26 ft. deep over the sill, the Warrior could be as easily docked as the Adria tic was the other day. Lieuts. John Ward (a) and Osman De B. Brock have been appointed naval mail agents on the Southampton packet station. Mr. Chegwyn, master Royal Navy, has resigned his appointment as a naval mail agent on this station. THROUGH TRAFFIC BETWEEN ENGLAND AND FRANCE.—The railway companies appear to be endeavour ing to provide adequate accommodation for the commerce arising out of the Anglo-French treaty. Already the South-Eastern Company and their allies, the administra tors of the Chemin de Far du Nord of France, have made arrangements for an expansion of their system of through traffic by passenger train and grande vitesse organised since treaty. Further facilities are about to be introduced, which will initiate almost a new era in the transport of parcels and merchandise between the two countries. The through rates have been reduced and simplified. They show the charge either in kilogrammes or pounds, and include all the numerous imposts that, in the absence of such a sys tem, have hitherto been found especially vexatious. For all weights over 2001 b. there will be a uniform rate per 201 b., without any limit to the weight of consignments. One item may be quoted from the scale as illustrating the cheapness at which commodities may be conveyed between the two capitals—namely, for an ordinary parcel of 21b., ls. 4d., all charges included where no duty or entry. The French Cust ma authorities have consented to permit the landing or shipping of the goode, immediately on the arri val of the boat or train, without any detention at the port, the examination and other Custom-house formalities being performed in Paris. This concession is the more important as the boats must necessarily make the voyage at night, so as to save time and allow until the afternoon of each day for the despatch of parcels from either metropolis, and it obviates the necessity for the detention which would other wise arise to the traffic in awaiting Customs' hours at the port. It may be hoped that the English Customs will fol low the example and extend a similar permission, which they have long since given as regards registered baggage, and in a modified form for small parcels, and thus enable the railways to afford the public still greater rapidity of transit, the most important element of continental traffic. As it is, consignments at London-bridge station in the afternoon will reach their destination in Paris on the fol lowing day, and vice versa, thus completing the transport within 21 hours. The new arrangement takes effect from to-day. Salmon-fishing is a sport reserved for those who either livo in mountainous countries, or who have time and money to go in quest of it. Trout-fishing, again, is gene • rally a luxury only within the reach of the Lord of the Manor, and the visitors at the great house, and of those who can spend a guinea a••day on their amusement ; as all good club waters aro mostly far away from London. Punt= fishing, again, comes expensive, unless two or three can form a patty ; but the solitary angler can fcr a little money get an occasional day's fishing,-if ho is content with taking chub, jack, perch, roach, and dace. There are many spots on the Thames where he can fish from the banks free of expense, though the best way of following his sport will be to subscribe to some water on the Lea, where he can always ensure a quiet dly in the meadows by the river-side. Doubtless many of these subscription waters are over-fished, and tho capture of a heavy jack is nct an every day occur rence, but there is usually a quiet little inn connected with them which is supported by lovers of angling, and where for little cost the visitor can get a comfortable bed, good plain country fare, and the society of anglers.—Once ct ITALY. The Independance makes the following important statement :—" According to our last accounts from the South of Italy, we may expect to see the opera tions against the Bourbonian reaction assume a more serious character, and if we are to credit what is stated to us from Turin, the day is near at hand at which the Roman territory will cease to be, as churches and convents formerly were, an inviolable asylum for the malefactors whom the camarilla of Rome has hitherto employed with im punity to create disturbances in the Neapolitan provinces. We are informed that General Cialdini recently wrote to Baron Ricasoli to declare for mally that the extirpation of brigandage will be impossible. So long as the brigands can obtain impunity by crossing the Pontifical frontier with out being followed by the Italian soldiers, and that the idea of pacifying the south of Italy must be abandoned if that frontier is to continue to be for the Italian army a barrier which it dare not pass. He, in consequence, soli cited authorisation to follow into the Roman States the bands which may seek a refuge there. Baron Ricasoli naturally hesitated to give such permission without a previous understanding with the Cabinet of the Tuileries, but with his ordi nary frankness he represented the matter in its true light to the French Government, and it is said that he has succeeded in obtaining from it a promise that the Italian troops shall not encounter any opposition from the French army under General de Goyon, in the event of the necessities of the war they are making against the brigands taking them beyond the present limits of the kingdom of Italy. Instructions in this spirit have, it is added, already been forwarded to General de Goyon and General Cialdini." The Madrid journals of the 11th do not contain any political news of importance. The Contem poraneo had been again condemned to a fine of 20,000 reals, for publishing a seditious article. AMERICA. QUEENSTOWN, AUG. 15. The Glasgow has arrived with the United States mail. She passed the Great Eastern on the 13th inst. NEW YORK, AUG. 3. General Pillow has issued a proclamation stating that he will drive the Federals from Missouri. He has promised Governor Jackson to send 20,000 Confederates into that State. The escaped Federal prisoners state that General Beauregard intends to remain on the defensive, and is fortifying Fairfax. The Missouri Convention has appointed a provi sional Governor and State officers. Governor Wise and force have retired from Western Virginia, leaving behind them 1,000 mus kets and kegs of powder in the hands of the Federals. Prince Napoleon has arrived at Washington. Congress has passed a bill levying a duty of 3c. on cocoa, 2c. on chicory, 1 dol. 25c. per gallon on brandy, and 50c. per gallon on other spirits; also, an ad valorem duty of 50 per cent. on wine. The ad valorem duty on silks has been raised to 40 per cent. SOUTHAMPTON, FRIDAY MORNING. The North German Lloyd's screw steamship New York, Captain G. Weake, which left New York on the 3d inst., arrived off Cowes at midnight, and went on to Bremen, after transmitting mails, &c., for this port. She brings 136 passengers, of whom 33 are for Southampton and Havre, and the re mainder, with 1,000 dols. in specie and 1,000 tons of cargo, for Bremen. The weather on the passage was very changeable, with southerly winds and high seas, and, during the last two days, foggy. The Fulton, steamer, from Havre and South ampton, was off Cape Race on the morning of the 2d inst. The following vessels were spoken by the New York—Aug. 3, off the battery, the American ship Hemisphere, just arrived; 7th, in lat. 43.26 N., long. 51.45 W., the American ship Kiddy Simpson, steering to the eastward ; 13th, in lat. 49.45 N., long. 16 25 W., the Bremen schooner Georg and American ship William Frothingham, both bound to the westward; 15th, the English ship 2P. 9412, and the Bremen bark Oukel, both bound to the westward, off the Start. ARRIVAL OF THE GREAT EASTERN. LIVERPOOL, AUG. 15. The Great Eastern arrived at her moorings in the Mersey at 8.30 this evening. She left Quebec at four o'clock on the morning of the 6th inst., and was detained about 12 hours crossing the bars in the river St. Lawrence. The Great Eastern brings no news whatever from the United States. She passed Farther Point on the offshore during the night. She has 241 cabin and 125 steerage passengers. VALUE OF BUILDING LAND AT TUNBRIDGE WELLS.—The forty-fifth land purchase of the Conservative Land Society, being the fifth hi West Kent, has just been made at Tunbridge-wells. Th 3 increasing demand for houses (Tunbridge-wells by the new rail way communications being within a shorter run of the metropolis even than Brighton) has induced the society to acquire this eligible building property, which adjoins the Woodbury-park estate, belonging to the same society. It has a largo frontage to the New Queen's-road, is close to the church of St John, built on a site presented. by the society, within a short dis tance of the railway station, and immediately adjoining the most picturesque promenades of Tunbridge-wells. The Woodbury-park estate was one of the earliest purchases of the society, and has proved ono of the best, completely establishing the advantage of holding properties over for a certain number of years w:th the cartainty that the building time must come round. Of that large estate but a small quantity now remains unsold. In, the present year two allotments have taken place, and the land has been pur chased with the greatest avidity. Fresh communications have been opened all through the estate with an excellent system of drainage, connected with that formed by the town commission. The value of land at this pleasant watering place has quadrupled in the last ten years. AUSTRALIA. PLYMOUTH, Fla Day, 10 A.M. The ship Suffolk, 1,100 tons, Commander J. B. Martin, belonging to Messrs. Money Wigram and Sons, of London, from Melbourne May 30, was off Start Point at 5 p.m. on Wednesday evening, bound to the Thames. She has on freight 10,000 ounces of gold, valued at £4,000, a full cargo of copper, hides, wool, and tallow, and 215 passengers, viz., 35 cabin and 189 steerage, who have among them about 500 oz. of gold. The Suffolk rounded Cape Horn June 23, and crossed the Line July 18 ; from the north-east trades, very light winds, and calms prevailed. She spoke June 15, lat 49 37 S, long 143 21 W, the Aurora Australis, 21 days from Hobart Town for London ; 17th, lat 5 34 S, long 22 30 W, the ship Golden Rule, bound southerly; 18th, lat 1 13 S, long 23 43 W, the British ship Robert Peelsford, 97 days from Calcutta, for Liverpool; 20th, lat 7 13 N, long 24 W, the Hamburg ship La Rochelle, 90 days from Akyab, for Falmouth ; 20th, lat 7 13 N, long 24 W, the Dutch ship Nova Zembla, bound southerly; 23d, lat 13 29 N, long 24 32W, Nor wegian barque Celeritas, 28 days from Hamburg for Bombay; 27th, lat 22 27 N, long 34 36 W, the British ship Chickwickbury, 108 days from Bombay, for London ; Aug. 3d, lat 33 55 N, long 39 50 W, the British brig Falcon, bound northerly ; and 4th, the American ship Bonsteid, 142 days from California, for London. The Alfred, Captain Dickenson, sailed from Ply. mouth Sound last evening, and the Copenhagen Godfrey, on Wednesday evening —both for Mel• bourne. NEW - ZEALAND. (From the Correspondent of the Times.) MELBOURNE, JUNE 25. Within the last few days very serious intelligence has reached us from New Zealand, placing the com mencement of war in the north almost beyond a doubt. The Waikatoes had a large meeting of chiefs and others, adherents of the Maori King movement, at Ngaruanhia, which is in the northern part of the Waikato country. To this meeting of chiefs and people so assembled Governor Browne has addressed a proclamation in the following terms : " I can now only look with sorrow and displea sure on what has been done in the name and by the adherents of the native King. " 1. An authority has been set up inconsistent with allegiance to the Queen and in violation of the treaty of Waitangi. " 2. A large number of the adherents of the na tive King have interfered between the Governor and other native tribes in matters in which they had no concern ; they have levied war against the Queen, fought against her troops, and burned and destroyed the property of peaceful subjects. "3. Other adherents of the King have assisted, encouraged, and harboured men who have committed these outrages. "4. A war party of several hundred men some time since assembled and advanced within 40 miles of Auckland, for the purpose of interfering with the due course of administration of justice. " 5. Her Majesty's mail has been stopped, juris diction been usurped over her Majesty's European subjects, and other offences have been committed, to the subversion of her Majesty's sovereignty, and of the authority of law ; at this very time the ad herents of the native King are using most strenuous efforts to possess themselves of arms and ammuni tion, for the purpose of effecting their objects by intimidation and violence. " The Governor cannot permit the present state of things to continue. No option now rests with him ; he has been commanded by her Majesty the Queen to suppress unlawful cominations, and to establish beyond question her Majesty's sovereignty in New Zealand. "The Governor states specifically what his de mands are,-1, From all submission without reserve to the Queen's Sovereignty and the authority of the law; 2, From those who are in the possession of plunder taken from her Majesty's European or native subjects restoration of that plunder; 3, From those who have destroyed or made away with pro perty belonging to her Majesty's subjects, European or native, compensation for the losses sustained." By the last mail I was enabled to communicate the views expressed by Tanukuna (Thompson), the "King-Maker," as to the character of the King movement. He denied that it was intended to r3Ct up an authority in opposition to the sove reignty of the Queen, bet that they demirca nn authority subordinate to it. It may be admitted that by taking this step themselves they clearly bring themselves within the lawyers' definition of rebellion; but, taking this as a local agitation for local self-government, I say that the Government of the colony ought to have seized the opportunity of establishing some local Administration, under the solemn sanction of the Legislature. This King movement has been agitating the native mind in the North for more than four years, but long before that the natives complained that no law was estab• lished among them. The Pakehas, they said, are well cared for by the Queen. They have magistrates (kaimakawa, or persons to inquire) among them, while we are left without, Faint murmurs to this effect grew into loud complaints before the King movement was heard of, and when Te Whero where, or Potatau, was invested with authority it was expressly stated that it was to supply that pro tection which the Queen extended to her European subjects, but denied to her Maori subjects. In 18G0 a report by Mr. Fenton, resident magistrate, "as to native affairs in the Waikato districts," was printed, and from its full and complete information on the state of feeling among the natives it has pro bably been reprinted in a Parliamentary blue-book. He says : " The feelings and desires of the Maori popula tion with respect to their present social position may be succinctly stated, as they are entertained almost with unanimity, although the plans by which these desires are proposed to be effec tuated are various and conflicting. (The King movement was one of these plans.) Recognising generally the advantages derived from the Euro pean connexion, they are conscious that they are gradually losing ground before the greater indi vidual energy and more complete social orga nisation of the whites ; and they are anxious to arrest their downward progress before the disproportion of the races shall render the) attempt hopeless. They observe that the Govern ment of the cou n t r y i s more anx i ous to obtain possession of their lands for the augmentation of the intruding body than to elevate the present possessors, and admit them among themselves as a component part of our people, and they desire, therefore, to devise measures which shall tend to advance them in civilisation, and entitle them at some future period to demand the rights of citizen ship on terms of equality. They perceive that Go vernment is unable or unwilling to prosecute and elaborate any scheme by which law and order may be introduced and enforced in their villages, and they now seek by their own intelligence and ac tivity to discover some means by which these de sirable objects may be attained. " They know that when an assault is made or a murder committed a reprehensive article is written in the Maori Messenger, or a letter is despatched from the Native Departments, pointing out the sin of what has been done, and urging the Maories not to do so again ; but they have failed to observe that punishment follows guilt. . . . Believing that the cause of the regular success and the origin of the imposing position of the Europeans exist in a perfect concentration of action, resulting from order and organisation, they have resolved to use their utmost efforts to introduce those prime requi sites among themselves." Nov, this may appear to put European notions of " civilisation," order," " organisation," and so forth into native heads—but the fable of the bundle of sticks was invented by men ruder than the Maories, and their speeches at their runanga (or meetings to deliberate) or filled with illustrations that such things are in their minds, and the whole of Mr. Fenton's report was a warning to the Go. vernor of the intense a g it a ti on o f the native mind in favour of what I venture to call by the well known phrase " local self-government." This re port, though only brought to light in Aug. 1860 , was presented to the Governor in March, 1857, and I believe that any reasonable steps to satisfy the wants of the Waikatoos would have prevented the King movement altogether, and when it did com mence it might have been regulated and directed to beneficial ends. Every succeeding Governor seems to have thought that smooth words and polite demeanour were all that was needed to amuse and placate savages, A speech of Tarahewaiki, a cousin of :retatau's, delive re d on the 9th of March z 1857, expresses this cc when the Vakehas first came, the Gayernor said ` Tena koutou? (how are you all ?) and made friends with us, and then we said l'ena koe e kawana? , aim. Then th e secon d G overnor came and sai (how are you, 0 Governor ?) and made friends w i th _ d 'Lena koutou e hoa ma ?' (how are you my friends ?) and made friends with us, and we did to him as we _ had done to th e o th er . All t h e G overno rs , said Tena k ou t ou ?' an d we said 2 ena koe ?' Then this Governor (Browne) came and said Tena koutou ?' and w e said' Tena koe?' and now we are trying to di scover w h at i t means. Wh en we have found it out th en we s h a ll k now. " It has been th e constant effort o f G ov ernor Browne and his advisers to confuse the boundaries of this King question and of his own war at Tara naki. Naturally enough, Wirimu Kingi sought aid from the Maori Ki ng party, and t h ey wa tched his proceedings with g rea t i n t erest ; b ut t h e Tara naki question was a disti nc t i ssue, not so mu ch for the paltry bit of land as Wi r i mu Ki ng i' s c l a im as a chief—the tribal right, a s it h as b een ca ll e d. Again in the proclamation gi ven a b ove th e G overnor seeks to confound the two questions simply because a few hundred Waikatoes aided Wirimu Kingi. But this is a new war on a new i ssue , an d I f ear i t w ill be much more disastrous, protracted, and costly: However, it seems too late now to recede, and whether this course might or might not have been prevented by a more statesmanlike policy—whether her Majesty's command has been brought forth by erroneous information or not—the war must be pro secuted with effect. There are now nearly 5,000 troops of all arms in New Zealand. A regiment is expected from Eng" land and another from India, and by the middle or end of July the land forces will amount to 7,000 men. There will be also four or five ships of war. General Cameron is said to be a good soldier, but without experience in Maori warfare, and rather disposed to undervalue such experience. He will be ably seconded by Colonel Warre, from India, every inch a soldier. He is believed to have been mixed up with the design entertained in March last to proclaim martial law and carry the war into the Waikato country—a design which was defeated as mentioned in my last. What is now to be dreaded is the slaughter of numbers of outsettlers by war parties of the natives. The authorities in New' Zealand call these "murders," but the natives have no distinction among themselves between combat ants and non-combatants. It would not surprise me if the settlers should organise parties to retaliate, and they will soon become as skilful and unscrupu lous in the bloody work as the natives themselves. In New South Wales and Port Phillip the early settlers were forced to become murderers, in self defence. Thus the war will become a war of ex termination. Suffer, the Europeans must, but in the end the natives are certain to be subdued, and then to be neglected and illtreated until they die out. Ido most firmly believe that if the adminis tration of native affairs had been handed over to the general Government and Legislature of the colony this dreadful crisis would not have hap pened, but the theory of the Colonial-office, sup ported by missionary and aborigines protection societies, always has been that the settlers were prone to oppress the natives, and were not to be trusted ; and now we reap the fruits of that theory. If hostilities commence in the Waikato district, they are Very likely to be renewed at Taranaki, but on the new and larger issue. Most of the news papers of late have admitted that the natives were humbled, and the turbulent natives south of Tara naki, not many in number, would easily have been put down, especially as they were discountenanced by the friendly chiefs at Wellington. But it is nor said that Wirimu Kingi will return to Waitara to organise the natives there. He will be accompanied by a body of Waikatos, and the Maori flag will be raised, and.the principle of the organisation is to be resistance to the Queen's authority. This rumour comes from Wellington. The East Coast natives also report that Naylor of Wangoroa, a staunch Government man, has declared in favour of the King movement, and certainly this movement itself has lately assumed a more consistent and substantial character than at first, for the King has establishea four regular mails from his head quarters. The contractor, as he may be called, has £3O for each mail and 6d. for each letter. One goes down the river Wanganui, to the town on the left bank of that rivor: another awn-. We Rangitikai, to an linpor tant pastoral district, a third to Akuriri (Napier), and the fourth to the Bay of Plenty. Governor Browne and the Waikatos have always been suspicious of each other. They were alarmed at his war against the " tribal right." What was Wirimu Kingi's case today might be theirs to morrow. The governor has never been sufficiently open in his communications with the tribes in his own neighbourhood. He scarcely took the trouble to say " Tena koutou," and receive their " Tena koe." He has never comprehended the King move ments. In his eyes it is simply an attempt to set up a sovereignty adverse to that of the Queen, and under his management it must become what Le makes it. No doubt he has been able to make good his own views to the Secretary of State by quota tions from Maori speeches and references to Maori acts, and hence the Queen's command to put down the King movement. There is plenty of evidence the other way, and it was certainly incumbent on him to institute an analysis of Maori feeling on the subject with, if I may so speak, almost ch em ical accuracy. There are many men in this colony from whom he might have received important assistance —men who have studied the native character for years. Ido no t mean that he should yield up his Judgment to such men, or, indeed, to any men ; but he should have used them as witnesses, he should have compared their testimony one with another , testing the whole by his own observation. Some of these men, and these not the least able, hal e opposed him on the land question ; and, regarding them as hostile, he has rejected their evidence alto' gether. Let it be granted that they are hostile to his policy, they are unimpeachable as witnesses; and, if he rejected their advice. he might at least have listened to their opinions and their evidence ; fas est et ab poste doeeri. At the close of last session the Ministry w 5B repeatedly beaten by the Wellington party, NOW / is favourable to native rights. On this question the Ministry has been beaten at the ge neral election. The Governor may think that they have supported his policy, whereas he has been merely working out theirs. It is just possible that this new war may keep the Stafford Ministry' beaten generally on the hustings, in power. It is just possible that the keeping this Ministry in power may have had some influence in causing this Pre" elamation to be issued. If so, Great Britain will have to pay some millions and sacrifice many lives to keep a colonial Ministry in office under the sys• of Parliamentary Government. I think there is yet some hope of better counsels. There will be a majority in the House of Represen tatives in favour of peace, without compromising the Queen's authority, The natives know that, and if some of the best of these men get into power it will have a great effect on the natives. If they re main a powerful Opposition they may carry mea sures to establish some native administrative autho rity in spite of Ministers, and cause the King movement to die out. Whatever may be the events of this new war, I believe that it will never be too late to put an end to it by a wise organisation of local native authority. Of course we cannot treat with men who have arms in their hands. I would not treat ; I would act, and act in such a wa y as to bring nine•tcnths of the natives back to their ails' ' g iance. I know th em well, and I feel certain tha t it is to be done, an d I believe a Ministry m i g ht be found with b o th t h e will and the ability to accom plish it ; b u t t h en " the administration of native aft' tirs is reserved to her Majesty ;" the settlers an d their rep resentatives are not to be trusted, the y might involv e us i n a nat i ve war at any t i me ; the Governor cin a l one keep the peace between tqe, settlers and th e nat i ves — a fi ne theory, w hi c h will cost England a millid n or two. - SOUTH LANCASHIRE ELECTION.—The Liverpoo t Courier, a Conservative paper, yesterday evening published a second edition, alleging, on " reliable authority," that Mr. Cheetham, disappointed with the results of the canvas on his behalf, had determined to withdraw from the co' test, so as to save the expenses of polling booths, clerks, See' This preposterous fiction was promptly contradicted by the liberal committee, who designated this statement as not only untrue, but as a decided sign of weakness on the part of the Conservative interest. On 'Change, too, much 111 feeling was engendered by this st ttement, especially as none of the other daily papers had vouchsafed to notice to rumour. Bank per C 3 per ( New 3 1 .1-ti ft bitt, Thtt Fitt lift, •ColBol India ;, it kehe( 13itt Erazili, Ditt( Equad4 Peruvl Ditto Spanis] Ditto rtrkis. Fren c h Dittc Ant! 4 1). 32 Of Aug.. Motes ii PrOn tap rie Rest °Nth/ quer tani i Irtissic tio na i Divid Othcount er Sev en other lON I.Axy._ , c , nanlez be held P 112,000 TUE 'n ow. Great I Printed. IPlestiot ties inn' toll coil cei ve an 4 ! I Y vol Pan cent tion an d bale rate tio n pub] Sugi fine curr D itTc Ditto Ditto Ditto Zittc bated