The Sun. — London, England, 1861-02-07 00:00:00

- L., iCIYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT ' - GARWAN—under the Management of Miss LOUISA KNN 'and Air. W. HARRISON, Sole Lessees. O n li e d:V*oAT, Feb. 11, and during the week, at seven, to nonee with Itn Indian Leg•end. THE SONG OF "" AWATEIA, the Words by Longfellow, the Music by biert Stocoel. The Poem will be read by Miss Matilda •" eon, Principal Tragedienne of the United States. allow itself to be made a high road for France to that part of Germany. He seemed to think the struggle between Austria and Sardini could be only temporarily averted, but avowed ti at Prussia would not actively interfere while the alian move ment was simply a national one. We hope the German papers will soon bring us the whole debate, the first one in Germany worthy of the name for a long time. decessors, the Italian plea, the Chinese plea, the Colonial plea. The whole position of France in this matter stands revealed, consequently, as a mon • strous sham and delusion. France is left without a single reason, good, bad, or indifferent, for the continuance of these sinister and most ominous efforts of hers to increase her maritime force—to increase it altogether, wholly, and absolutely beyond the margin of her requirements. Mae's SATANELLA will be produced, for the first time felts season, on Tuesday, the 12th. OY AL ENGLJSH OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN. IA) • Under Ora Management of Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. W. Harrison, Sole Lessees. THIS EVENING, and during the Week, Baife's New tegemi•try Opera, BTANCA, THE BRAVO'S BRIDE: Miss Louisa Pyne, Miss Thirlwall ; Messrs. A. Lawrence, W - narton, H. Corr!, A. St. Albyn, G. Kelly, Wallworth, T. Dis'cin, Lyall, and W. Harrison. With the Grand Pantomime, BLUE BEARD ; or, Trade equin and Freedom in her Island Home. Clowns, Messrs. H. 'Bolen°, H. Payne, Hildyard, and Lilliputians. Harlequins, Messrs. Milano and F. Payne. Pantaloons, Messrs. Barnes and Tanner. Columbines, Mdme. Boleno and Clara Morgan. Sprites, the Zelinski Family. Mr. W. H. Payne, Mlle. Lamoureux, (kc. - Conductor —Mr. Alfred Mellon. Commence at Seven. THEA TRE-ROYAL, Perseverance will succeed, and such exposures can be made of Austria, and of the meanness and subserviency of English Austrians, that resistance must soon cease, and Hungary reap in the British Senate the reward of long years of the noblest struggles and the most patient and undying love of liberty. THE PROVIDENT CLE'RKS' ASSOCI4- TION. Another French ship-of-war, the Junon, was There is one subject which we hope will find an launched on the 29th ult., at Brest, with all the adequate expounder in Parliament—the Rights of customary solemnities. The spectacle of this Hungary—one part of our foreign policy which, launch, we learn, was the signal for the display of less than any other, should be allowed to be con considerable enthusiasm on the part of an enormous ducted by secret diplomacy—our policy in regard gathering of spectators. As the vessel glided down to Hungary. As we are to have no political from the slips and floated out upon the water, the reforms at home, and the continent is said to immense concourse of lookers-on raised ringing demand so much of our attention, we think we shouts of " Five Empereur !" This, recollect, was can show that Hungary has not only moral on the 29th ult. at Brest—but on the 4th instant, claims on our moral support, but that expo at Paris, 'Empereur was blandly assuring diency, so far as mortals can discern it, is on Messieurs the Senators and Deputies, and through the same side. A thoroughly free Hungary, a them all Europe, then listening attentively for the Hungary with a HAPSBURG dynasty on the words that might fall from his MAJESTY'S lips in throne or not, as pleases it, is the political and reference to the immediate future, the master of commercial interest of this country. And unless that gigantic fleet which is thus being continually our House of Commons understands the subject, increased in magnitude and efficiency, the master and the country and the House speak out upon of an army of 600,000 soldiers perpetually kept it, our firm belief is that incalculable good in a state of preparedness, the despotic and , may be left undone, and lasting mischief per irresponsible master of France was complacently petrated. It is also, we are persuaded, a crisis ; assuring his hearers, the dignitaries of his own and Lord PALMERSTON and Lord JOHN RUSSELL, Government and the diplomatic representatives of judging from the past, are not more to be trusted the different Sovereigns of Christendom, that his alone than Lords DERBY and MALMESBURY. intentions are strictly pacific ! At Cherbourg and When we have commended the foreign policy of at Toulon, no less than at Brest, there are audible, no Ministers in Italy it has been, of course, with one less distinctly, the ringing notes of preparation. important reservation—that we still think the same There was hurried very recently to Cherbourg, for as ever of the disgraceful despatch in which Lord example, "in hot haste," without any apparent JOHN lectured Sardinia and Count CATOUR so rudely reason for that precipitation, the Commander of the and threateningly, and espoused the cause of Aug- French line-of-battle ship, the Tage, with orders trian brutality in Venetia as a thing of right. It at once to transfer his crew, with all speed, from should, too, be remembered that it is only since sue the Tage to the Napoleon. At Toulon again, it is cess began to declare itself for GARIBALDI, VICTOR well known that by the 21st of the present month EMMANUEL, and Italian Unity, that we have had of February there will be launched in the dockyard from our two Lords those unequivocal manifesta of Mourillon another steel-plated frigate, the Invin- tions of favour to the cause dear to all in this country cible. All which, of course, comes forth opportunely to which we refer. We need not beat about the bush ; in corroboration of the pacific intentions of the we believe that Lord JOHN RUSSELL especially, Third NAPOLEON. and Lord PALMERSTON almost, if not quite as much France, it is so well known, requires this —are confirmed Austrians. Like the Tory Lords stupendous fleet so imperatively ! She has they believe in this broken reed as a power, a con so many and such distant colonies ! She has so servative power; they were ready to sacrifice Italy much more need of the floating defences of a Navy to her, till 1859 rendered that hopeless, and enabled than a mere island-power like Great Britain, whose the Italians, when Louis NAPOLEON had cut one posiessions are scattered no further than the great knot, to loose nearly all :the others for them remotest extremities of both hemispheres—here selves. Since then, as it was hopeless to preserve Canada, there Hindostan, yonder the Cape Colony, anything beyond what she now clutches, to Austria, yonder that vast empire at the antipodes, that they have gained themselves the credit of being first antarctic dominion. composed of such territories, for rate liberals in Italy—let the reader remember why example, as New Zealand, Tasmania, and Southern —they could do it without doing more harm than was and Western Australias. England, with an empire already done to Austria, and doubtless Austria was thus wide-epread, may require as a security for the duly told of this. But, as soon as it seemed likely preservation of her existence and independence a that dear Austria might lose Venetia—although certain amount of maritime strength—but Franco ! the Quadrilateral had been spoken of as a " menace what in this way, apparently argues the Govern- to Italy"—when Prussia, too, seemed likely to play meld of sa MAJESTE, what in this way are not her the fool—in an instant the Austro-English Minister requirements ? True it is, she is in herself, as an bristles up and writes to CAVOUR, " touch it at your European power, a compact and solid square—a peril !" natural fortress guarded by nature upon its Aristocratic love for Austria doubtless had much four aides, to the east, for example, by the to do with this ; but it were affectation to conceal ridge of the Alps, and to the south by the that there is more behind. We are married, our giant range of the Pyrenees. True it is, we say, that Court at least is, to Germany, two or three deep. France, this compact and solid square, this, so to All our German cousins, we believe to a man, and speak, almost impregnable geographical fortress— to a woman, too, are Austrians. They may not [we say " almost" because have we not recorded in wish her to domineer over them, but to see her an modern history the fact of its having twice Empire—although it be but an empire of mutually been successfully entered in 1814, and again in 1815 repellant States —or, as now, an Empire of States by the banded armies of Europe]—this almost im- all hating the Archduke of the Hereditary States, pregnable geographical fortress garrisoned by and sympathising through common wrongs with 600,000 soldiers ! There is all this undoubtedly ; each other—to see her an Empire of any sort, is but then, as we have remarked, let there be the desire of the little German States ; and, we are borne in recollection the immense, and numerous, sorry to believe of our, in its origin, German and remote colonial possessions that France has Court. Premiers and Foreign Secretaries well to care for ! Where are they ? it may be know that the smiles of Royalty, Royalty by affinity asked. Well, yes, that may just possibly be asked, at least, must be the prize, the valuable prize it may it is true, and the answer may also just possibly be, of those who can best serve Austria. be one invested with a certain degree of diffi- Thus our Court and our leading Ministers are culty. For when Algeria has been partieularised in direct antagonism to the whole people of Eng -Algeria being only just over the way, on the land. For, if there be a sentiment respecting southern shores of what Bonapartism would wil- foreign Powers stronger than any other amongst lingly have made long since, if it could, the French Englishmen, it is detestation of Austria. Ever Lake of the Mediterranean—when Algeria has since the brutalities of Spielberg and her cruelties been mentioned, and with it a few miserable little to Italian patriots were artlessly described by arid colonial treasures like Cayenne of evil repute, STLYIO PELLICO himself, and branded with eternal Cayenne where the foes of NAPOLEON are in the infamy by the damning eloquence of MACAULAY, habit of getting so very highly peppered—when the eyes of England have watched this odious Go- Algeria and a few places (not by any means to boast vernment—and, as they have watched them, detesta of) like Cayenne have been enumerated—c'est tout! tion has grown. Disgusting atrocities and relent- We have come to the end of the list! The dispro- less cruelties in Italy, and then her foul treachery, portion between the colonies to be defended and the butcheries, and oppressions in Hungary, make the means already accumulated, and still being rapidly blood of Englishmen curdle when Austriteis spoken and industriously accumulated for—shall we really of, unless those E ng li s h men are hi gh i n aristocratic say the defence of them 9—for nothing else 9 circles, or bask in Court favour, or hope to do so. the disproportion between the colonies to be de- All other Englishmen would exult to hear that fended and the means for defending them is no less from Transylvania to the Tyrol, each oppressed ludicrous than FALSTAFF'S ocean of sack anti his nationality had taken its own course ; above all, ha'porth of bread ! that Hungary, with her annexed territories, had But then—the distant wars in which France regained her constitution and her liberties of a is liable to be involved together with her close thousand years old. That our instincts are as right ally, with the other great maritime Power of politically as morally, we must show on another Europe, with England ! Ah, yes, it is true—vous occasion, if need be. All we say for the present avais raison, Monsieur—Ahem is the war with is, let no Englishman's heart, while listening China undoubtedly. But it unluckily happens, to Court-inspired plausibilities, mistrust him, most untowardly, that that argument in like that a free Hungary will be worth more to Eng manner goes to the winds instanter, whew ! The land, and to the peaceful settlement of Europe, war in China is over. The allied ships of than twenty of those geographical figments called war are hastening homewards, bringing with them, the Austrian Empire. We shall not fail soon to in convoy, the bulk of the two expeditions. Nay, prove this. then—there is Italy, there is the Italian Question Meantime we invoke aid in the House of Corn still unsettled. Yes, without doubt there is the mons. What member will undertake to study i n Italian Question, and that question still remains all points the claims of Hungary, and to demand even now not quite " answered" as an European that England do her justice? We owe it to her. Difficulty. Yet the plea there, likewise, goes for Our present Chief Ministers deeply wronged her nothing ; for h as no t F rance a l so p l e d ge d h erse lf negatively, in deed, and still more positively in His Excellency the Bel g i an Mi n i s t er an d M adame Van de Weyer and family arrived in Portland-place, on [certainly we know how she can break her most word. They tolerated the subjugation of Hungary Tuesday evening, from New Lodge, Windsor Forest, for solemn pledges when it is her Imperial master's by NICHOLAS—in Hungary of accursed memory. the season. pleasure, b u t w h et h er i n th i s i nstance she break They made it possible that the most savage of con- The Marchioness d e Chateaurenard was safely it or not], h as she not delivered of twins (daugters) on Tuesday evening, at her pledged herself no less querors should hand her o v e r to oppression i n residence in Wilton cresc h ent. Her ladyship and infants explicitly th an E ngland to the policy (there 1849, as Louis NAPOLEON handed over Lombardy are progressin g f avoura bl y . The Earl a h and Countess in Italy) ,of n on -i ntervention ? Granting even to liberty in 1859. They might have stopped this Chesterfieldtessocr.dinence and Lady Evelyn this, how ever , 'i t may be argued by our infernal intervention for the overthrow of thesqStanhope o n Tuesay, arrived their from Bretby Hall, Derbyshire. Grosvenor imaginary vi n di ca t or of the French Government, oldest constitutional monarchy in Europe, and, as The o Earl and Countess of Cork have arrived at granted even this—there yet remains the neces- the have saved themselves and th • consequence, their their residence in Grafton-street, from Marston House, sits thrust upon France, the chivalrous, and, of c o un t r y an d E uro p e th e co st and bl oo d s h e d o f the Somersetshire, for the season . course, wholly disinterested necessity, for the Crimean War. We owe an atonement to Hunger The Earl and Co un t ess Stanhope har e arr i ve d at y- their residence in Grosvenor-place, from Chevening, Kent. Syrian Occupation !, Well, yes—it may be allowed We must make it. The education, and high taste, Sir Benjamin Brodie and Lady Brodie have for the sake of argument, now that our Gallic inter- and civilisation of Italians must not make us arrived at the Queen's Hotel, Upper Norwood. locutor is thus driven up into , the last co rner of the forget a nation probably their superiors in Colonel Myddelton Biddulph has arri ve d a t t h e discussion, it may be allowed for the sake o f alga _ martial qualities —a nation loving, like our own St.. George's Hotel. - , Major Weyland ha s arrived at the St. G eorge ' s ment—there is still left for France the Sy r i an liberty above all blessings—a nation with whose Hotel. Occupation. But_seriously—For the maintenance political feeling Englishmen have direct fellow- Yesterday the marriage of Mr. E. H. Finch, son of this little episodical occupation of Syria—all feeling, and which like ourselves has defended of Mr. George and Lady Louisa Finch, with Miss Balfour, armament this enormous maritime eldest daughter of M r . an d Lady Georgiana B a lf our , was ment ? To break this those liberties against a race of the most treacherous solemnised at St. Peter's Church, Eaton-square. little butterfly—does that gigantic and ponderous of tyrants on many a bloody field. We have done BRADFORD.—The Liberal party here is still far wheel of fate revolve ?It is inconceivable—it is good service for Italy, Hungary has equal claims of a candidate t o succeed from being at one ab ou t the c hoice ludicrous: though not more ludicrous or inconsistent on us. What b ecom e s of Austria is of next to no Mr. Salt as member o f P ar liament. It is pr e tt y certain hardly, than the previous notion already disposed consequence to En gland. B- now that Mr. Edward Miall will not offer himself. Mr. ut Manchester, Leeds, John Priestman has consen ted to be put in nom i nat i on of, that the French , fleet as it is, and Rochdale, Sheffield, Birmin g h am h ave a large stake aga i nst M r . W. E. F orster. as it is' ;rowing to be, sh ou ld b e requ i re d i n an y and Mark in Hungarian freedom and ind e p en d ence, THE QUEEN OF NAPLES.—A letter from M un i c h way for the defence of the Fre nc h co l on i a l p osses - l ane a corresponding one. Wh at b ecomes of Hun- states that the Queen of Naples has just writt en to her parents to pray them not to feel any anxiety on her ac stuns ! Besides, the stipulated period of six months gary is the concern alike of our hearts and our count, as her health is as good as could possibly be under set apart by the combined P owers o f E urope for national i nteres t s . IVh oever ta k es up her cause the circumstances in which she is placed. The Q ueen a d ds that by the bursting of a shell in the palace in w hi c h she the occu p a ti on o f Sy r ia by F rench troops will doubtless have sneers, sarcasms, and contempt resides she h a d b een s t ruc k i n the face by some pieces of is just no w , as it so happens (again enough from leaders of both parties ; but he need glass. The Press of Vienna, of the Ist, states . that the most inopportunely), upon the very eve of not fear. Facts will come in abundance tb his subscriptio n to the new loan is closed, and that it is almost h ave hen .! has been more than covered. expiring. So th a t th e ; sy r i a n plea goes to the knowledge when once it is made as much of in St. certain that the proposed amount of 30,000,000 of florin a wall, as, ea , e t t in turn went to tho- wall—itsl ta l y, Stephen's as N ic e, and Savoy , • • Exactly twenty years ago it occurred to a few gentlemen connected with some of the leading mer cantile and banking houses of the metropolis that while almost every trade and profession have their several institutions, either of providence or benevo lence, the clerks had nothing of the kind with which they were especially identified. By way of wiping' off this stain upon their character for prudence, they resolved to have both, and, what is better, they carried this resolution into effect with all the vigour and energy that usually characterise the proceedings of the " City men." Their first object was the establishment of a life assurance office, which, while it opened its doors to all the world, should by means of a kindred in stitution in connection with it, afford to the clerks of this country advantages they could not elsewhere obtain. The system on which it was based may be described in a few words ; perfect rectitude and openness in its management, economy in its administration, and liberality in its dealings with its members. From the very first a clear and intelligible balance sheet has every year been presented to the public, this being, we believe, the first office to set so much needed an example. No concealment, no gilding over or suppressing facts has been, or indeed under the system adopted could be, resorted to. Be the results of the successive years good or bad, the members have before them the exact and simple truth. A regime so honest, so worthy at once of the body from whom it sprung, and the great cause with which it was identified, had not long to look for influential supporters, and soon the names of Baring, Hankey, Prescott, and Rothschild tes tified to the respect which the " Provident Clerks" had won for their association among those best qualified to judge of its soundness and stability. As time wore on the general public began, as was justly observed by a speaker at the recent annual meeting, to recognise in the infant institution one of the safest and best secured life offices of this country, and, as is ever the case, preferred to entrust their savings to the care of an office con ducted by plain, upright, business men rather than to those combinations of plate-glass and noble names which have flourished so proudly and, alas! faded so soon in the life assurance world. Thus, going on from step to step, adopting every improvement that experience showed to be safe, and mixing liberality with strict justice, the directors of the Provident Clerks' Office were last night enabled to meet their constituents with a balance• sheet showing a revenue of more than £40,000 per annum, and an aecumulated fund invested in Government stock and real securities of £146,000. We have for 20 years chronicled the upward march of this admirably managed institution, and it is with sincere pleasure that we congratulate the large body of members, numbering now over 6,000, upon the proud and solid position they have attained. MR. WYLb'S STATISTICAL _NAP OF THE UNITED STATES. We have been looking for some time to our generally very prompt " Geographer to the Queen" to furnish us what we have now before us—a map which by its colouring, and by the useful informa tion which Mr. Wyld so well knows how to select to fill the blank parts, should tell us at a glance all the most important facts relating to any coun try where the public movements had become of interest to us all. Mr. Wyld has of course distinguished the Slave States by their colour, and their positions will at once show which are the " Border States," whose policy is now so important ; the " Gulf States,' and the Inland Slave States, though, indeed, all these border on great rivers—the Ohio or the Mis sissippi. The tables give in detail the population white, free coloured, and slave, with the militia, according to the census of 1850, and the totals, which are all that have yet appeared of the last in 1860, with many other particulars relating to the Talue of property in the two sections, their area, number of slaves, &c. It will be a valuable com panion to the newspaper for, we have no doubt, a long time yet to come. NATIONAL CHORAL SOCIETY. Last evening, at Exeter Hall, a concert was given by his society for the benefit of the distressed weavers of Coventry. It is most satisfactory to announce that the immediate object was attained, and that the hall was crowded. All persons at all kindly disposed must sym pathise with the cause which prompted the performance, and rejoice in the success of its noble purpose. The enter- tainment was very creditable to all concerned in it. Mr. G. Martin is entitled to great praise for the manner in which ho conducted the oratorio, and for the high efficiency to which the chorus has attained under his management. The "Messiah" possesses the most splendid choruses of any oratorio. There is the matchless and magnificent " Hallelujah, for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth," which, in grandness of effect, has not its equal in the range of sacred subjects. " Unto us a child is born," is another very beautiful chorus, and both these were very ally rendered last night. The solo singers acquitted themselves admirably in their several departments. Mr. Lewis Thomas has made considerable progress lately, and may now bo considered one of our best sacred singers He was very successful in the splendid solo, " Why do the Heathen so furiously rage together ;" this was the greatest success of the evening in the way of solo performance. Mrs. Lockey executed the beautiful airs allotted to the con tra' to with taste and expression. "He was Despised," in particular, was one of her best executions. The emphatic manner in which she renders this beautiful air is well known, and on the present occasion she did not fail in her accustomed excellence. Madame Lem mens Sherrington's fine voice was displayed to great advantage in the soprano airs. Mr. Perren took the tenor part, and acquitted himself in a satisfactory manner, but he has not sufficient decision. This society may be congra • tulated on the success that it achieved, and the favourable reception accorded to its performances last night is a proof that the public in general appreciate its efforts. The result was in every way satisfactory to all engaged in it, and " The Messiah" has seldom been better performed in its entirety than by the "National Choral Society." LAIE N E (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) PARIS, FEB. 7 The Moniteur says :—" The treaty for the ces sion of Mentone and Roquebrune to France was signed on the 2d of February with the Prince of Monaco." TURIN, FEB. 6 (Evening The firing at Gaeta is moderate on both sides. The day before yesterday the Sardinian batteries blew up two of the enemy's powder-magazines and destroyed a portion of the curtain between the citadel and the St. Antonio bastion. BERNE, FEB. 6, The Federal Council has received official infor mation from Rome to the effect that the ►Swiss troops have again embarked at Civita Vecchia to return to their country. IMPORTANT DECISION IN THE PRUSSIAN CHAMBER. BERLIN, FEB. 6 In to-day's sitting of the Chamber of Deputies the discussion of the address took place. The following amendment was proposed by M. von Vincke :—" That we do not consider it to be either in the interest of Prussia or in the interest of Ger many to place obstacles in the way of the consoli. dation of the unity of Italy." After a discussion of six hours' duration, this amendment was agreed to by 159 against 146 votes, notwithstanding the urgent request of Baron von Schleinitz that it should be rejected by the Chamber. Baron von Schleinitz, in his speech against the amendment of M. von Vincke, declared that the Prussian Government had not the least reason to be opposed to the development of Italy. But, without underrating the national idea of that movement, the Government could not attribute to it such a high significance. Although the Govern ment did not always consider the principle of non intervention as binding, it had not actively inter fered in Italy. He repudiated the reproach of yielding to certain influences in his policy, and said that Venetia was militarily and strategically too important for Austria, and indirectly for Germany, to allow of its cession being advised by Prussia. Austria and Sardinia, however, would remain on the defensive, and, through the influence of all the great Powers, a conflict would at least be postponed, and perhaps entirely averted. The Prussian Government would for the future, also not actively interfere with the Italian movement so long as it remained a national movement, and did not acquire such an extension as might render any active interference necessary, by reason more especially of its reaching, or expressly claiming, any portion of German Federal territory. PARIS, FEB: 6, The Paris papers publish a telegram from Mar seilles announcing that letters had been received from Beyrout stating that the agitation was in creasing. One thousand two hundred Druses were assembled at Moktava, and intended to prevent the execution of those who had beeh condemned to death for taking part in the massacres. Fuad Paella had returned from Moktava. HAYMARKET, Lessee, Mr. J. B. Bnekstone. TFTIS EVENING the performances will eommenae with 'THE RIVALS. Sir Lulus O'Tri , ger, Mr. John Brougham; Lydia Languish, Miss Fanny Stirling. Alter which, a new Pantomime, QUEEN LADYBIRD \it) IT ER CHILDREN. The Pantomimists by the un rivalled Leclereqs, Herr Cole, and Fanny Wright. Commence at 7. 'ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.- Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Harris. TITTS EVENING, the performances will commence with RUT BLA S. Messrs. Pechter, Basil Potter, Garden, Ray nzond, Graham, Cathcart, and A. Harris. Alter which, a new Christmas comical nantomiztie, entitled ROBINSON CRUSOE ; or, Harlequin Friday, and the Jane of the Caribbe Islands : in which Monsieur Espinosa and Mdlle. btarie Dumilatre, of the principal cantinental theatres, will appear. Clown. Mr. A. F. Forrest. THEATRE -ROYAL ROYAL LYCEUM. Sole Lessee and Directress, Madame CELESTE. R,..apnearance of Madame Celeste and Mrs. Keeley. THIS EVENING, the . new drama, ADRIENNE ; or, THE SECRET OF A LIFE. Principal characters by Mr. Henry Neville, Mr. John Rouse, Mr. H. Batter, Mr. Villiers, Mr. G. Vining, Mr. Forrester, Mr. Campbell, Mr. Clifford, Mr. J. Johnstone ; Mrs. Keeley, and Madame Celeste. After which, the Lyceum Christmas Comic Extravaganza, CRYSTABELLE ; or, The Rose without a Thorn, showing rrig VISIONT OF A ROSE. ITS FADING AT EVE, AND THE MAY-BLOOM OF THE WILD BRIAR. Followed by THE YOUNG WIDOW. Miss M. Ternan and Mr. 11. Neville. A DgLPHI, NEW THEATRE-ROYAL. . 1 k Sole Proprietor and Manazer, Mr. Bent. We)ster. THIS EVENING, AN UGLY CUSTOMER. Messrs. J. L. Toole, C. Selby, and Warde ; Miss K. Kelly, and Miss E. Thorne. After which, THE COLLEEN BAWN. D. Bonsicault, D. Fisher, Billington, Falconer, Stephenson. C. J. Smith, Romer. Miss Aznea Robertson, Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. Chat terley. To conclude with a new Burlesque Extravaganza, entitled BLUE BEARD FItOM A NEW POINT OF HUE. Messrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bedford. C. J. Smith; KW Woolgar, K. Kelly, Laidlaw, and M. Thorne. _ Mors open at half past s—Commence at 7. Bo x-ofilee open from 101111 5. No charge for booking. Private boxes, £2 210. • Family Boxes, XI. ' OrObeitra Stalls, is . • Balcony , ; Front Circle Stalls, Ss. • Pit Stalls, 2e.; Pit, Is. 6d. ; Amphitheatre, i s ; Gallery, 6cf. &fling Manager—Mr. Wm. Smith. A STLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE, Proprietor and Manager, Mr. WM. BATTY. THIS EVENING. will be reproduced TURPIN'S RIDE TO YORK, Atli]) THE DEATH OF BLACK BESS, in which the Brothers Edwin will appear with their celebrated Steed Black Bess. To be succeeded by Scenes in the Arena, supported by talented Parisian and British Artistes. Concludlnz with Batty's Prize Equestian Comic Panto mime, for Good Little' Boys and Girls, by T. L. Greenwood, entitled HARLEQUIN AND THE WONDERFUL HORSE ; or, Percinet and Grociosa, the Ugly Duchess and the Greedy King, produced with Gorgeous Scenery, by Mr. Cuthbert, new Costumes and Appointments, and introducing In the comic scenes Itatty's Prize Equestrian Harlequinade, and the celebrated Old Bob Ridley, and Brandon Ledger. A Grand Morning Performance will take place on Friday, Feb. 8, commencing at two o'clock with the Pantomime. Box-office open daily from 11 till 4 Stage Manager—Mr. W. WEST. Director of the Arena—Mr. Pearson. Commence at 7. CANTERBURY-HAL L CONCERTS A Grand Selection from Verdi's Opera, _ IL CORSARO, consisting of the following Morceatm:— Preludio. Coro Scena ed Aria. "Tutto parca Sorridere" Coro di Odalische. "Oh qual perenne" Cirratina " Vole talor dal Carcere" Coro ed inno Siena ed Aria. g iadre Vergini" Terzetto Finale "Voi tac e t e io non" will shortir be produced, in the oriznal key and Italian lanzuaze—the first time of performance in this country—in Addition to the usual attractions. Mr. F. J 0 GHMANS, Musical Director. Also. in preparation, Selections from Verdi's New Operas, "Un Ballo in Mascbera," "Simon Boccanegra ;" and Flo. tow's celebrated Opera of "Stradella." HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAT.--Morning, 12h. 10m.—Afternoon, 12h. 36m. To-Roanom.-Morning, lh. 9m.—Afternoon, lh. 30m. THE WISATHER.--Strx OFFICE, Flu]. 7, INI, TXIII3IOYETIIII, IN TUB MAD'. 51—highest since noon yesterday. 39—lowest this morning and during the night. 50 —this day at noon. BA.uourrint-29.58; rising. ‘Visb--=South-Westerly—light; with fine mild, sun. shiny weather. ' 0.4. ; ) , : - 6 ,' -??, _ o,•-f -it , A . ‘ ti '-i j 4 ' ''' .t )7l- rt 4 : irt y :‘ ct, - .'.. ~ , ,• - :: f r „,-,, rp \ - •(;11 , 1 ~.......,,, . 1 ,-,....... - . h:7- •--1 : . . 4 '4T.r.g.;?V\,• L bik i s:ll, ji.. ,.... vrt y 4 ~,. . .., • ( tz_ ‘ .'. ,A U .4 , A... "I C 1 s - 7%. 116,41 • 4) ' . Nib rf ' 4 ; • • r:. THE SUN. LONDON, THURSDAY, FEB. 7, 1881. There is life in Prussia yet. We were about to say more life in Prussia than in England ; for yesterday' an amendment to the Address was actually carried, and carried against the most earnest entreaties of the Foreign Secretary, Baron VON SCIILEINITZ. We congratulate Prussia, how ever,-on the amendment itself, as well as on the fact that the deputies have proved themselves to be net the mere tools of a Minister. We might say that we congratulate her on the mover too, he being no other than M. VON VINCKE, the distin guished and clear headed liberal of 1848. Nor was it carried by any surprise; the debate lasted with vigour for' six hours, and the members who divided ware, for the Prussian Chamber, large -158 against 148. By this majority was the im portant amendment carried " T hat we do not consider it to be either in the interest of Prussia or in the interest of Germany to place obstacles in the Way of the consolidation of the unity of Italy." Perhaps all parties in England will hail this resolution a's ab omen favourable to peace as well as to Italian unity and freedom. With such a manirestatton of public feeling in Prussia, Austria cannot count on her aid in Venetia, hardly perhaps in Trieste . ;, and it was the ill-temper of Prussia, it will be remembered, and of other German Govern ments-, when LOUIS NAPOLEON neared the Quad rilateral, which, as he intimated, had much to do with his conclliding a hasty peace. It is pleasing to us here to see a German people thus publishing at last their convictions of the rights of Italy. In 1848 th'e' foolish Germans were actually in favour of Austrian domination in Italy; they thought il condtsced•to the grandeur of the German name, Ever since then they have been slow to learn what was due to Italy, because it would lessen the great • ness of Austria, a German Power, and perhaps eventually, withdraw what they hoped would be a German port from them. At length it seems that in th& part of Germany where free discussion is Possible, : they have, learned what was just to their illeiglitiburs south of the - Alps, and sympathise with the Wlil of a • great, divided, and oppressed people to become (Ate _nation. We trust this feelina. . will now show itself Wherever liberal feeling survives Germany_, 'Pell, if it be strong enough to exert a reflex tactless, to lead the German people them selves ttx become one great nation, and then with a strong Italy; t.l strongllungary, and an United Ger many, the restless rsiseror of the FRENCII•wiII mind hi s own affairs.have to keep:at homey and The Prussian T oreign;" Mini s t er t o the last _cast a longing look on V ene ti a for Austria, and -E;aid that Venetia: was .rnilitarily, and strategically, too important for Austria, and indirectly for Germany, to allow of its. cession being advised.by.Prnsaia. Whiqh, is simple Austrianism ; for, Germany does not pretend that she is in danger now from Italy ;, . • And if Italy Tere one strong nation it would never - THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY7,:EVENING, FEBRUARY 7, 1861 FRANCE. The Union, a Legitimist journal, launches out rather fiercely against the Queen of England's Speech, which it affirms to be " one of the most insignificant and colourless that any Sovereign was ever made to pronounce." The Moniteur, in its political summary, speaks in the following terms of Queen Victoria's lan guage at the opening of the session in England : " This speech passes in review the different ques tions in which the English Government has been concerned ; it expresses full confidence in the mode ration of the Powers and in the maintenance of peace, and declares that the relations of England with foreign Governments continue friendly and satisfactory. The passage will be remarked in which the Queen proclaims the cordial understand ing which never ceased to prevail, during the mili tary operations and negotiations in China, between the generals and ambassadors of the two nations. The Speech announces that papers showing this friendly accord will be presented to Parliament." BOURSE, Feb. 6.—The market has been more buoyant, and prices have obtained an improvement on the closing rates of the previous day. The Speech of the Queen of England appears to have produced a favourable impression on the minds of speculators. For the Account, Threes are now at 68f 10c; Mobilier, 675; Orleans, 1,395 f; Northern, 958 f 75c ; Southern, 925 f ; Austrian, 480 f; Lombard, 475 f. The following were the last quotations : t per per Cents ... 97 65 Credit Fonder — Do end month.... Belgian if 9Bl 3 per Cents Do. end month 6B 25 Roman Bank Shares 2890 ' Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 680 Spanish Threes — Do. Account 6BO I Home Debt RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1405 .. 1408 76 Northern New ditto B9O .. Lyons and Mediterranean 926 25 .. 926 25 Geneva 375 .. 380 Southern 527 50 .. 532 50 Western Eastern Sardinian Austrian Lombard 472 50 .. 473 75 THE SIEGE OF GAETA. We take the following from a letter in the Con stitutionnel, dated on board the frigate Garibaldi, Mola di Gaeta, 28th January : " I take advantage of a few moments on shore at Mola to send you some details respecting the siege. On the night of the 21st, about 10 o'clock, an experiment was made with the electric light from General Cialdini's residence to throw light upon Gaeta, so as to enable the artillerymen to point their guns with precision. On the 22d, at 8 a.m., while 4,000 men were working at the parallels, the fortress opened a terrible fire with 200 guns at once. Our camp immediately replied to it, and the squadron at the same time received orders to manoeuvre. At 9 a.m. the Admiral gave the signal for departure, and ordered the commander of the Garibaldi to lead the attack. At 10 a.m. the Garibaldi was in full way oil the fortr:ss. At 11 she opened fire against the levant batteries (di ponente) with a view to silence them, and at the same time to throw shells into the fortress. In this she succeeded. The other vessels of the squadron soon joined in the attack. At 5 o'clock in the afternoon the Admiral ordered the firing to cease, to give rest to the crews. During the night all the vessels remained in front of Gaeta; the gunboats alone continued the attack. On the 23d the Admiral, after expressing his thanks to the Commander of the Garibaldi, left for Mola, only leaving the Garibaldi, a steam frigate, and two gunboats to cruise before Gaeta. In the space of six hours our frigate sent 971 projectiles. Five shells from the fortress struck us, but did little damage. The steam frigate Costituzione had two men killed and three wounded. One of the gunboats suffered a similar loss. The frigate Maria Adelaide lost one of the band and had three men wounded. " In the camp the explosion of a powder maga zine caused the death of a captain and 22 men. The steamer Etna, which Francis 11. brought with him when he left Naples, was sunk in the port with 30 men on board, who all perished. The attack caused ensiderable damage to the fortress. It is suspected that great discouragement prevails in the garrison, as 132 men deserted during the night of the 23d. On the 24th we continued cruising off the fortress, ,while the attack was continued on the land We. ;During the day one of the gunboats stopped A schooner, whose master declared there were two schooners at Terracina laden with provisions for Gaeta. Om the 25th a large Spanish frigate was signalled. Our frigate immediately stopped her advance. The commander asked permission to enter Gaeta, on the plea that he had despatches to hand to the Spanish and Austrian Ambassadors. General Cialdini and Admiral Persano requested him to withdraw, which he did before the law of blockade. In the night we again opened fire from the sea, but only with the gunboats. " On the 26th, at 8,30 a.m., one of the gunboats stopped a schooner, laden with grain, on her way to Gaeta. At the same time the frigate Costituzione prevented a French vessel from entering the port. The French captain was ignorant of the blockade, and immediately withdrew, accompanied for some distance by the frigate. On the 27th we signalled a French ship, and immediately joined her. The captain was the bearer of despatches. Our com mander having courteously asked him to see the Admiral, the French captain immediately proceeded to Mola, escorted by a gunboat. The firing con tinues, but is slack. We are t rans f orme d i nto pirates. The blockade is very strict. We are to have a grand attack in a few days." PRUSSIA. General de la Marmora left Berlin on Tuesday evening for Paris and Turin. The King has conferred upon him the Order of the Red Eagle (first class), set in diamonds. A Prussian general officer will be sent on a special mission to Turin, to notify to the Sardinian monarch the accession of King William. DENMARK. A telegram, dated Copenhagen, 4th Feb., says:— " The Dagbladet gives a formal contradiction to the report published by some of the Hamburg papers, to the effect that the European Powers had strongly urged Denmark to make concessions, and that the Powers had declared they should not re cognise a blockade by Denmark if attacked by the Federal troops. The whole story is declared to be a' pure fabrication.' " BANK OF ENGLAND. SPECIAL MEETING THIS DAY. A special meeting of the Governor, Directors, and proprietors of the Bank of England was held this day, in the Bank Parlour, for the purpose of considering a letter from the Chancellor of the Exchequer containing proposals to the Governor of the Bank of England for the revising the allow ance to the Bank of England, under the 49th Geo. IV., for the reduction of the national debt. There was a very large attendance. Bonamy Dobree, Esq., the Governor, presided. The mimutes of the last court having been read, The CHAIRMAN said the secretary would read the letter referred to, which was as follows : DOWNING -STREET, Jan. 31, 1861. Gentlemen,—Her Majesty's Government having had under their consideration the following report of Sir Alexander Spearman, Mr. Arbuthnot, and Mr. Anderson, dated November, 1860, on the expenses incurred by the Bank of England in conducting certain duties on behalf of the public in connection with the issue of notes, the care of the public balances, and the management of the national debt, the Government considers that this report should be submitted to Parliament, and it is to be desired that on producing it, they should be prepared at once to state and to act upon the view which they take of its contents. I accordingly proceed to lay that view before you, following herein the precedent furnished by the conduct of my predecessors in office at former periods, and the course most agreeable to the inti mate relations which have ever prevailed between the Government and the Bank, and to the charac ter of the weighty duties performed by the Bank on behalf of the State. I commence by adverting to the two former of the three important subjects opened in this report —namely, the expenses and profits connected with the issue of notes, and with the custody and use of the public balances. On neither of these subjects do her Majesty's Government deem it their duty to submit any pro- posal to Parliament. The profits connected with issue they do not regard as upon the whole a desirable subject for legislation, otherwise than in connection with issue itself. They were so treated in 1844, and they were left upon a footing with respect to any renewal of the question, which her Majesty's Government see no reason to disturb. In like manner with regard to the advantages connected with the use of the balances. This point was fully considered in the correspondence of 1844, between the Government and the Bank. Mr. Goulburn stated the views of the advisers of the Crown, and reserved the discretion of the State as to a participation in the profits of the public deposits, should they, from any circum stances undergo material increase or reach an extraordinary amount; while the Bank reserves its freedom to consider what its own rights might be in the event of their reduction. The subject was, we think, judiciously handled on both sides; the case contemplated by Mr. Goulburn has not arisen, and we propose to leave it in this point also, as it was left by the correspondence presented to Parliament in 1844. I have, however, to subjoin to what I have now stated, a qualification of limited extent. The Com mittee of the House of Commons on Public Monies, which reported in 1858, recommended the abolition of deficiency bils, and the substitution, in cases of deficiency, of advances in a different and simpler form, together with a change in the basis on which such deficiency was to be calculated. It is the intention of her Majesty's Govern ment to propose, in the coming session, legislation in general conformity with the tenor of these re commendations ; but I have mentioned the subject in this place rather with a view to strict accuracy, than because it is of any great moment in the adjustment of the pecuniary relations between the Government and the Bank. With respect to the third and remaining sub ject, the management of the National Debt, the Government conceive that the time has come when they may justly call upon Parliament to reconsider the rates of charge fixed by the Act of 1808, and still substantially in force, although as matter of account, reduced by the payments which the Bank makes to the State to the extent of £188,078 per annum in respect of composition for Stamp Duties and of profit on the issue of notes. The Act of 1808 assigned to the Bank, as a remu neration for its charges and its responsibilities in the management of the National Debt, an annual sum of £340 per million up to the limit of 600 mil lions, and an annual sum of £3OO per million beyond that limit, with a proviso for a rate of pay ment of £450 per million, in case the debt should at any time stand at less than 400 millions. It is also provided that Terminable Annuities shall be reckoned at 25 years' purchase. Referring to the several communications which I have had the honour of holding with you, I shall waive all argument upon this subject and shall simply proceed to state the particulars of the changes which the Government think may reason ably and advantageously be introduced into the subsisting arrangements. I. We propose to ask Parliament to enact that a new plan shall take effect from the commence ment of the next financial year, and shall remain in force for twenty-five years certain. 11. The method of set-off by which the Bank gives credit on account of profits of Issue and of Stamp Duty composition to the State, and deducts the amount so cr e dit e d f rom it s charge for the Debt, was in conformity with the system under which the public revenue was managed and ac counted for at the date of the subsisting arrange ments. But in 1854, an Act was passed which provided for the payment into the Exchequer of the gross revenue of the State. Agreeably to the spirit of that Act, her Majesty's Government are of opinion that the sum of £188,078 allowed by the Bank should no longer stand as a deduction from its charge against the public, but that the sum of £60,000, being the composition for stamp duties, should be paid to the department of Inland Revenue, and the sum of £128,078 being the allowance out of profits of issue should be paid to the Exchequer as part of the miscellaneous revenues of the country. The charge for the management of the debt would then stand as a separate and distinct charge, and would be defrayed under an Act for the purpose out of the Consolidated Fund. 111. It seems evident that the valuation of Terminable Annuities is, by much, too high. A public annuity; granted for 99 years, would be worth something more than 25 yea rs ' p urc h ase at its inception : but its value would descend in a vanishing series to zero, and the mean value of it would probably lie between 12 and 15 years. Annuities granted for shorter tarms would represent subjects for commercial dealing of pro-1 portionably narrower scope. And the compara tively limited nature of the market fex those annul- tics would make it probable that tb tey would be managed at an inferior cost in rela lion to their value. Under these circumstances, it is the opinion of her Majesty's Government that all terminable annuities ilenceforward granted by Parliament should, for the purposes of Bank management, be valued as follows : If originally granted for more than 50 years, at 15 years' purchase,. for any loner term, at 10 years' purchase. IV. Before I come to the rate of allowance to be made to the Bank for the management of the debt, I have to propose a somew.hat different adjustment of the present graduated plan, with a view to giving greater fixity to the arrangements now contemplated during the time for which they are to last. The Bank now ree, elves the greater part of its remuneration, namely, that on 600 millions of debt, at £3lO per million; and only 136 millions at. the lower rate of £3OO per million. Now the outlay of the Bank in connection with this branch of its business does not appear to vary greatly with the minor variations in th?, amount of the debt, whether• upwards or downward's. For the bulk of the debt it must keep its premi,tes,and the bulk of the esta blishment. We therefore propose, and we confidently antici pate the concurrence of the Bank in proposing that the great bulk of the remuneration also should be P• lae-d at the first 600 millions of the debt ; or, more specifically, that the rate per million, not ex ceeding 600 millions, instead of as now being but slightly greater than the ,rate above it, should be double that rah"- Thus, the effect of any changes that might be adopted by Parliaim'et in fhe form of the public debt would become coniparati rely of small impor tance to the Bank as a trading'ost`ablishment. V. With respect to the rate or remuneration— we propose to introduce- a bill in,to -Parliament which shall fix prospectively, as the ra, 4 e of remune ration, the sum of £3OO for the first 600' millions of the debt, and of £l5O for the excess be vond 600 millions. The payment of £4,000 per annum, termed house-money,- and the payment of £1,57 9 on account of South Sea debt to cease and deter mine. The effect of this proposal will be to plac,t the annual remuneration to the Bank on the present amount, in round numbers, at about £200,000 a year. The dormant provision of the present law under which the bank would be entitled to a pay ment of £450 per million, if the debt under their management were reduced below 400. millions, is one which,her Majesty's Government see no reason. to disturb. To a proposal of this nature, her Majesty's Government are in hopes that' Parliament would. be induced to give the sanction of its authority; and, on the other hand, they trust that'the authorities of •the Bank will deem it one affording to them the just and adequate remuneration for the important services which they have performed, we believe to. the entire satisfaction of the public, under such re gulations as are now in force regarding them. In conclusion, I lart.Te to add that it will be emi nently satisfactory to her Majesty's Government, and will also be agreeable to the spirit in which the Bank of Englaod adjusts itself to the demands of commerce and of monetary transactions, if you should be able to assure.' me of the intention of the Bank to afford increased facilities for business, such as would be supplied by a' material contraction of the periods of shutting, if thelr cannot be, dispensed with altogether • and also respect' to the pay ment of the dividends to such holders wherever this Bank may have branch establishments. I have the honour to be, gentlemen, Your very obedient and faithful servant, (Signed) W. E. GLADSTONE. To the Governor and Deputy Governor of the Bank of England. The GOVERNOR said the secretary would now read the reply of the directors. • The SECRETARY read the communication, which was as follows : Bank of England, 6th Feb., 1861. Sir,—We have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 31st ultimo, which we have submitted to the consideration of the Court; of Directors, and they have resolved (to recommend to the Court of Proprietors to accept the proposals of her Majesty's Gove'rnment, con tained in the letter of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, dated the 31st of January', 1861, for regulating the remuneration to the Bank of England for the management of the national debt, for the period of 25 years. As these proposals involve a very considerable reduction in what has always been regarded as only an adequate remuneration for the services per formed and the risks incurred, the Court of Direc tors desire to express to her Majesty's Government, that they are induced to accede to this reduction, mainly because the combined management of the National Debt, and of 'the collateral Departments of Issue and Banking, enable them to exercise a very important economy in the labour charge, and in the other expenses of Bank administration. The directors will also be -prepared to make arrangements for facilitating transfers in the public funds, by limiting the closing of the books to the shortest period possible ; but for this purpose the authority of Parliament w;11 be necessary ; and in regard to the payment of dividends to the fund holder at places where the Bank has branches, the views of her Majesty's Government shall be carried out to the utmost practicable extent.---We have the honour to be, Sir, your most obedient and humble servants, (Signed) BONAMY DOBREE, Governor; ALFRED LATHAM, Deputy-Governor. To the Right Hon. the Chancellor of - the Exchequer, Downing-street. • The CHAIRMAN said—Before proceeding further he would state that the directors had had the matter under their consideration, and the result was the letter which they had heard. It had been the object of every government to obtain a greater profit out of the administration of the affairs of the Bank. They had not hitherto considered that the Bank was overpaid for the immense services it performed. It travelled an immense deal for the purpose of col lecting the revenue, and brought them to their seve- ral accounts; and again, the Issue Department cost uch money, and for this they received nothing ; and again much of these costlypremises-were rendered - - necessary for the public business. The directors had had several interviews with the treasurer, and argued the matter, but he regretted they had failed to produce the desired effect on the Cabinet. After many interviews and much anxiety we have brought the negotiation to the point explained in those let ters, and the Court now asked the directors to agree to the plan proposed which was stated in the fol- [owing resolution, " That the proposal of her Ma jesty's Government, as contained in the letter of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, dated the 31st Jan., 1861, addressed to the Governor and Deputy- Governor of the Bank of England, be recommended to the Court of Proprietors for adoption. In reply to a question, The CHAIRMAN said the sum to be received of Government for the management of the national debt for the years 1860-61, will be:— On 600 millions at £340 per million .. £204,000 0 0 On £136,278,369 at £3OO per million • 40,883 10 2 Total .. £244,883 10 2 The sum to be hereafter received will be.= On 600 mils., at 300 per mil... £lBO,OOO On £136,278,362 at 150 per mil. .. '20,441 £200,441 £44,442 Management of South Sea Stock Add house money .• £1,579 .. .4,000 £5,579 Total sum to be given up £50,021 Mr. W. J. PRESCOTT complimented the directors on the efficient manner in which they had con ducted their negotiations with the Government. He explained at some length the position of the Bank as regards the Government, and pointed out that although the Bank lost some money by the new arrangement, it was a gainer in having its position in connexion with the Government settled for 25 years; and the loss was, he thought, more over compensated for by the decrease in the cost of management. He moved that the Court concurs in the recommendation of the Court of Directors to accede to the proposal of the Government con tained in the letter of the Chancellor of the Exche quer, of Jan. 31, to the Governor and Deputy Governor of the Bank of England for regulating remuneration of the Bank of England for the management of the National Debt for 25 years. Mr, Alderman SALOMONS seconded the resolu tion, concurring entirely in the view of the last speaker. Mr, M. CLARK protested against the course put.. sued by the Government. Considering the amount of capital it had belonging to the Bank of Three per Cents., the Government ought not to seek to make such a hard bargain. Mr. TITE, M.P., thought the last speaker had mixed up two questions, namely, the money lent to the Qevernment, and the wet of the management