The Sun. — London, England, 1831-04-30 00:00:00

SIIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. Yesterday was a glorious day in the cause of Re 'form ! Indeed, if we were not afraid of occasion !Mgt some relaxations of exertion on the presump -tion of security, we would say it was decisive of the •question. But energy—energy and - activity—are still necessary ; for, be it recollected, that the Bill has to pass the Lords as well as the Com mons, and if their Lordships were to see but a small majority of pure and well-returned Members in its favour they might say the Lower House was in dioTerent to its own purification, and the people -whom it represents lukewarm in the cause of Re form. Let there be no slackness, then, from the confidence of success, and all must be well. The triumph in the city is a most marked one. Mr. Ward, only one candidate in five, just opens the contest and retires! His friends expected, at the most, but 600 votes out of a constituency, all alive and in motion, of twice as many thousands. H e f e lt the tide of public opinion so strongly against him, that all opposition to it was fruitless, And in this same city, essentially, within the hearing of the triumphant cries of the very population by which Ward's defeat was announced, is that Par liament to be assembled which has to decide finally on the great question ! From every part of the country the news is of the most satisiactory and assuring kind. " Miracles will sever cease," says the homely proverb : Sir Edward Knatchbull, in direct terms, says that he 'has " bog since been favourable to Reform." These are his %any words. We did not expect such an Immage as this from him to the glorious cause. But let not the men of Kent be deceived ; there are iretented converts as well as real ones. No, no, brother reformers of Kent, we must have a " Rider" to the Bill ! To Mr. Bulwer, the late Member for Wilton, we still owe an amende. The consequence of the vote wh'ch he gave against General Gascoyne's amendment has been, that he has been turned out of the close borough above named for which he sat : and this fact is a proof of the erroneousness of the motives which were assigned for his retirement from Hertford. But the country owes him a debt of gratitude—let one of its principal towns pay it. He starts for Coventty with Mr. Ellice, and a fitter Member for that high-spirited and populous place could not be conceived. "Himself and his brother act nobly in the cause of Reform. Our paper of to-day contains a very sensible address from Mr. Pascoe Grenfell to the electors of Buck inghamshire, for which county he stands as the op p ment of Lord Chandos. His public spirit demands tle sincerest respect. He has fearful odds of money to contend with, though the odds of public favour are all on his side. In such a cause, and with such a candidate, the freeholders of Buckinghamshire ought to convey themselves to the poll. Major Weyland and the Hon. Mr. Harcourt are in the field for Oxfordshire, as the avowed friends of Reform. The freeholders of the town of Witney have pledged themselves not to put the candidates to a farthing expense for their conveyance to the poll. We trust their noble example will be followed. Is it not true, then, as we stated above, that all things go on gloriously for the cause of Reform ? But, perhaps, money may still be wanting. Let the subscriptions then go merrily 'mind ; nay, let there be a collection from house to house. One struggle more, and the country is for ever at peace. Internal satisfaction and content will follow the glory obtained abroad.— Times. Flesh light, and au-picious prospects, are beaming upon us front every quarter. If the south-eastern extremity of England has led the way in ramming for Dover two men who will sympathize with the country, we see in the north-west pretty strong in &cations that the ground has been already laid for ;sit equally bernficial result. Lord Lowther, as we stated in yesterday's Paper, has retired from Cum berland without a c ontest. A great and important meeting has been held at Liverpool, and resolutions adopted, the very ti.st of which will prove to General Gascoyne—as indeed is its evident object—that whatever may be done for him by the tools of the Corporation, with the Liverpool public he is irre trievably lost. His constituents tell the gallant General freely, that his late motion against Reform has moved " their indignation," as being the trea sure of a " selfish faction," by which the public service has beets impeded, and which have, for the present, frustrated the wise and magna nimous efforts of his Majesty. We do not re collect having ever witnessed in either House of Par liament an attempt of a more deceitful, slippery, or revolting character, than that which gained the Tories their trattsieet victory on the night of General Gascoyne's motion. Nor was it less impu dent than crooked. The shallow and unthinking portion of our English countrymen were to be caught by an affected solicitude for English inte rests ; and if the motion should succeed, the people of Scotland and Ireland were to be exasperated by the disappointment of their hopes to have a more extended representation. But the delusive nature of the gallant Ex-metebet's motion was not, we believe, exposed so minutely as it might have beta in the course of that debate ; for in truth, when General Gascoyne stood forth as the 'tomb'sl champion of English Members, the class of Mem bers—to wit, those for rotten boroughs—whom it was his real purpose to protect, were just as well entitled to the name of Members for " that part of the United Kingdom called England," as they were to that of Members for the part of North America called Kentucky, or that country in the Pacific Ocean called Japan. y Why, the numerical reduction of Members, bearing the name of " English," was to England herself the most grateful provision of the whole measure of Reform; the " reduction" was like the reduction of a man's head by cutting out a wen, or of his trunk by drawing off a dropsical tumour. The members reduced, being one and all delegates of individual Commoners or Peer:, who were themselves, according to the law of Parlia ment, notorious political delinquents ; or, being re presentatives of their own 3,0001, 4,0001., or 5,000/. paid in a close borough for the seat in a I imp,—and in a small open borough distributed in the shape of bribes among the voters,—these per sons, we say, were precisely us much representatives of England as they were of Kamtschatska or Japan; and yet, upon such miserable ground was the mo tion of General Gascoyne rested, ad caplandum ; and with that perfect knowledge of its merits did Sir Robert Peel venture to shake his reputation for integrity in supporting it. From the spirit which prevails at Liverpool, we do not despair of see ing two staunch reformers sent up to Parlia ment for that important town, and two more for the great county of Lancaster. London btts already discharged her duty, as became the capital, by the rejection, almost unanimous, of Mr. Ward, and the unopposed return of four reformers, as her representatives; and Southwark has com pleted a similar good work, by the election of Mr.' Culvert, and of the Lord Chancellor's liberal bro ther. In Westminster and Middlesex Reform stands secure. We trust, as we have stated in another article, that the business of subscription and co operation goes on prosperous in every part of Eng. land. Suggestions and exhortations are pouring in upon us, One friend proposes —what probably has commenced ere now—a subscription in every town and village of the United Kingdom: another, a com mercial traveller, recommend s a meeting of the nu merous and intelligent body to which he himself be longs : a third, that the contribution should not ascend beyond one guinea each person, and that boxes should be placed in one or more respectable houses of every parish ;n town and country where' slims, ever so small, might be deposited. The mo ment, indeed, requires that every engine shall be set at work, and that every band shall be employed upon them.—Tinter. While the corruptionists and boroughmongers are still exulting in the magnitude of the subscription which they have set the example of entering into for the purpose of fettering the free expression of feeling in the country, a fresh difficulty . has arrested their unpatriotic course, for which their blinded tin. derstandings (blinded by rage and disappointment) had not led them to be prepared. This unforeseen obstacle is no less a one than the want of candidates ! not the want of persons willing to enter Parliament for the purpose of resi , ting the wishes of the people,— nf such there are always an abundance in the ranks of the Tory party; but a want of persons who arc willing to face the election meetlngs of their justly incensed countrymen. There is tie want of Members to sit for Gatton or Old Sarum, but to mount upon popular hustings, and to hear their names coupled with curses b nth loud and deep, and perhaps to have thcir persons assailed with those missiles with which .John Bull is apt to stamp his displeasure upon those who have betrayed him. We own for ourselves we de precate such scenes; but we cannot be surprised either that, under the present circumstances,thev should take place, or that Tory candidates should be afraid of them. We can easily picture to ourelves how grating it must be to the feelings, mental as well as physical, of a high-born and high-bred young Tory, sent from 'ome club-house in St. James's-street, Pr from the snug lodgings of Mr, ex-Secretary Planta, with the wages of corruption in his pocket, and travelling luxuriously to some comfortable corpora tion constituency, consisting of thitteen or sixteen persons,—we can conceim •,ive say, how grating it must he to such a holiday candidate to experience the rude reecplion of the unrepresented townspeople, which is almost certain to await him, We nee him, in our mind's eye, present himself to the people,— we hear the groans whit•h at first assail him,—we see the first dischtirge of mud, dead cats, anti rotten eggs, which encircles his bare and devoted head. Then, as the populace becomes more and more determined, and more excited, we see thepebbles and gravel begin to fly ,—these are succeeded by paving -stones, bricks, &c., and the Corinthian capital of Toryism is forced to retire with a broker. head, and through the back-door of the Mayor's private house. Nor do the yells, of wilich he has been the victim, cease to haunt him till he is many miles on his road home again. Now, do we approve of such scenes as these ? Quite the contrary : we deprecate them beforehand, and 01z..11 deplore them if they take place. - But tti•e think it right to warn the Tores in their headlong course, of what is likely to happen if they continue to urge the high-spirited people t,f England to desperation. That people have determined that the measure of Reform which the King and his Ministers have pro posed for their benefit should be carried; they are bent upon enjoying the benefits which a wise and patriotic Sovereign destines for them. Thus, the King, his Ministers, the great Libtral party, the press, and the people, are all united. " These," as viorne Tooke would , tay, " are fearful odds" for the corruptionists. But the latter, whose blindness and recklessness of consequences are equal to their bigotry, rush madly on in their career of folly.— They " beard the lion in his den," and yet hope to go unscathed. Once and again we warn them to desist—not if they value the lives and happiness of others, for they are too selfish to be moved by such considerations, but if they value their own. In every borough town, where there is a population even of a few hundreds, will they meet the reception which we have just pictured to them. They will become acquainted with every village pump ; the clear river and the muddy pond will alike receive them ; they will carry away " undesired samples of of the soil" from each county, and will consider themselves fortuna•c if contumely and contusions be all they meet with. Would it not be better for these dandy candidates to confine their exertions to the ruined and tenantless walls of their own burgage t en u res.— Times. We have to announce further victories. The Anti-Reformers are in every popular place driven in a moment from the field. The city of London has returned four staunch Reformers. The borough of Southwark has returned two staunch Reformers. The Anti-Reformers see that it is hopeless to con tend with the force arrayed against them—the force of a united people. The moment we heard that the Reformers had laid aside all petty jealousies, and the petty ambition of wishing to be highest on the poll, we knew that Mr. Ward would have no chance. It is only by the splitting of votes that he could have maintained his ground. The Livery of London having very properly considered the repre sentation their own affair, • and not that of the candidates, and determined that them should be no splitting of votes, thereby annihilated all the hopes of the Anti-Reformers. y How often has it been said for some days back, that Mr. Ward had every chance of success—that he had powerful connection in the City We never for a moment believed that he had the slightest chance. Mr. Ward, in private life may be a very respectable man ; but we know that his cause would damn him or any other man. Accordingly, before the election commenced, Mr. Ward sought and obtaned a hearing, in order to abandon the hopeless contest. "He had been doomed (he said) to undergo a mortification greater than he had ever experienced, by being informed by his Committee (whose friendship he regarded) that the sense of the Livery of London was so opposed, not to hint personally—(Cheers)—but to those opinions which he entertained, that it was necessary that he should retire from the contest on the present occasion." This was fair and candid on the part of Mr. Ward. A candidate, possessed of no regard to truth, might have equivocated ; might have pre tended that he had received strong assurances of support, but that though he was satisfied he would poll a large number of Liverymen, still he would not be able to poll a sufficient number to secure his re turn, and he had therefore thought it more prudent to withdraw in time. His behaviour was marked by candour. He honourably admitted that the sense of the Livery of London was so opposed to him that he had not the slightest chance of success. Here, then, we have the best of all evidence of the una nimity of the people. Mr. Ward, a gentleman of the highest respectability, powerfully supported, with a Committee of men of great influence in the City, is unable to make the slightest stand against candidates pledged to Reform. The insolent Duke of Northumberland has, we understand, declared that he will spend two hundred thousand pounds to bring in Mr. Bell. He may spend the double of chat sum, but we are much mistaken if he succeed. Let these haughty men be taught by experience that the god of their idolatry is not all-powerful at all times. Many a poor freeholder of Northumberland will scorn the base bribe. The example of Dover, and London, and South work will confirm the well-disposed hroughout the country, and put an end to misgivings. The people must be successful if their heart is in the cause; and their heart is in thecause. The news of Lon don will carry dismay to the heart of every borough monger. If Sir Robert Peel was pale with rage the day of the Prorogation, the paper which com municates to him the overwhelming feeling in favour of Reform in the City will drop from his hands. It is an omen which he will understand. It will ap pear to him as the hand-writing on the wall. We recommend the formation of parochial Committees in aid of the Committee at the Crown and Anchor, and we rejoice to learn that in several parishes great activity has already been displayed in this respect. In the Finsbury district, for instance, an active sub scription has been commenced, and though the Com mittee in that district have only devoted a few hours to the business, they have already transmitted a cheque for 501. to the Central Metropolitan Com mittee. The gentleman from whom we derive this information, assures us that such is the enthusiasm exhibited in the cause, that he has no doubt many hundred pounds will be forthwith contributed in that quarter. This is cheering intelligence. Let the proud Dukes of Northumberland and Newcastle learn from this, that their subscriptions have only served to stimulate the people to greater exertions, and to impress them with the importance of the re rep r representing e cause for w hi c h t h e i r enem i es were making such preparations, ntiNtligrethheavfeeesheng seen letters from York siii that in favour of the Reform candidates t a t sgepr powerful county rf uli the extreme. Mr. DUileotnbe, it is said, has not the slightest chance. Wh erever t h e people have a voice we are sure of the result. With respect to Kent, evevy_thing bode; well. Sir Edward Knatch hull must, we think, be disconifitted. Great exertions, however, are made by the Anti-Re formers. In an address from Mr. Bentley, Chair !llan of the Kent Central Agricultural Committee, to the occupiers cf land in Kent, the exertions of the Anti-Reformers are described as very formidable. " It is not to be expected," he says, " that the Hydra of corruption is to be destroyed without a great struggle for its existence. Placemen and pensioners, sinecurists ' and. boroughmongers, but, above a'l, those foes to your peace and rosperity, the tithe-gatherers; men who un blushingly assert their title to the tenth of the produce of your industry and capital to be as equitable as yours is to the remaining nine-tenths these will conspire to de feat a Reform which threatens to destroy that s y s t em ender which they have so long thriven, but which has overwhelmed the country with debt and taxation. Funds will not be wanting on their part to enable them to en deavour to perpetuate a system which has worked so well for them. but so ill for you. It will he a matter of cal culation with them, as to how much should be sacri ficed to retain such vast advantages. You should also cal. culate how profitably a little expence may now be in curred with the almost certainty of securing such an im portant result as getting rid of that system of misrule and corruption which has reduced this country to its present unhappy state. Let me then intreat you to adopt their policy, and let your exertions be comnsensurate with the important object to be attained. Institute a committee in every parish ; your situation as occupiers gives you much influence with the humble freeholders; exert it to the utmost, for it is in a good cause. You have also the power, by means of your horses and car riages, of conveying the voters to the hustings at a corn piptively moderate expence; no matter whether you are freeholders or not, you are equally interested in the suc- cess of this great measure." Mr. Bentley's advice is excellent, and it ought to be acted on in other places besides Kent. Ihe ap pearance of an Anti-Reform candidate in any place calls forth a burst of popular indignation. The Kent Herald of Thursday details several instances. We trust that the people will abstain from personal violence. Contempt for the hacks of the borough mongers they cannot avoid feeling; but let forbear. ance be .shown even to enemies. " Mr. Grove Price," says the paper alluded to, " had scarcely ar rived at Deal yesterday before he was compelled abruptly to depart. The tide of popular fury was indescribable. It appears that he found security at the Walmer Castle Inn, where one of his fr:ends, Mr. Curling, of Sandwich, endeavoured to conci liate the people, his efforts, however, were abso lutely useless. Mr. C.'s coat was torn to shreds, and it was intimated to him that nothing short of the instant departure of Mr. Price would satisfy the people; meanwhile Mr. Price's carriage was (hogged out, the horses harnessed, and a certain time allowed him for quitting the place, which being complied with, the populace quietly dispersed." We regret to find that a Reform candidate has not vet been found for Worcestershire. The subscriptions of the Anti-Reformers ought not to deter the Re formers. They have a host in the people. It never can be too often repeated, that money in a great cause is not all in all. A whole people cannot be bribed, and the whole people, except the cor ruptionists, are for Reform. It was reported last night, that Mr. Tyrell had retired in Essex. We know not whether there is any foundation for it.— al &ming Chronicle. All the election returns hither to show that dis loyalty and corruption have " ili luck." Hitherto the Members actually returned to serve in the new Parliament are all reformers. Dover nobly led the way; the men of Kent, " which, in the Commen taries Crcsar writ, is termed the civilest place of all this isle," laid aside ther civility, and kicked out that fast friend of the boroughmongering faction, Sir John Rae Reid. London and Southwark fol lowed, and put Mr. Ward and Sir Robert Wilson on the shelf for ever. Lewes has d'scarded Sir John Shelley ; and several other places have dis pensed with the proffered services of " the conser vatives," and chosen men who are pledged to Re form. Not a single anti-reformer has yet been re turned ; and though, as the matchless Member for Preston-and-all-England said, the people are " mad," it must be confessed their madness has method in it ; a method which, it is devoutly to be hoped, will speedily cleanse the Constitution of that perilous stuff which bay so long been depressing its energies, and placing its very existence in jeopardy. Hitherto, we repeat, not a single anti-reformer has been re turned we wait with anxious curiosity to record the name of that place which shall first distinguish itself by returning an opponent of the King, his Go vernment, and Reform.—Morning Herald. We hope the energetic message of the French Government to Don Miguel may not turn out, like the memorable non-intervention manifesto of the same Government, which Austria trampled under foot in Italy, to be a mere brutum fulmen. The country that betrays a want of spirit to vindicate its own declared principles in one case provokes insult in another. It may seem strange that the con temptible power of the Portuguese Usurper should rather invite than deer. cite the hostility of France ; but this modern Nero has seen the despotic Govern ments that secretly abet and comfort him act to wards France in a manner that showed neither re spect for her wisdom nor fear of her power, without any other consequence following than that of the French Ministers " eating their own words," and solemnly protesting that their energetic declarations against the infamous invasion of independent States meant exactly nothing. This has, of course, em boldened the pigmy Autocrat of Portugal to ape the insolent conduct of the more gigantic despots, who overlook the flaw in his title on account of the kin dred vices of cruelty, fraud, and oppression which constitute his " legitimate" claims to their especial protection. Similar demonstrations of contempt for revolutionised France has been made by Spain, where preparations fur invading that country, and restoring the ex-King, were openly made some time ago, simultaneously with the great military equip. ments of the chiefs of the " Holy Alliance." It is certain, from the documents found at Warsaw, which Lafayette produced in the Chamber of De puties, and from facts which constituted a strong chain of circumstantial evidence, a that, if it had not been for the unexpected insurrection of the Poles, France would be at this moment fighting for her existence against hosts of invaders on her own soil. It was that insurrection which caused the Autocrat of Russia to recognise the new French dynasty, as he naturally wished France to re main quiet until he should have performed his threat of erasing the very name of Poland from the map of Europe. He could then easily pretend a cause of quarrel with France, and ;stone for his hypocritical recognition of a " revolutionary Go vernment" by sincerely attempting its utter over throw. Don Miguel, ignorant, perhaps, of the checks which the armies of the Autocrat have re ceived tinder the walls of Warsaw, continues to in sult France with the mo't audacious perseverance. The French, thinking, perhaps, that they could earn a cheap reputation for spirit by demanding satisfac tion of this petty political culprit, have commis sioned their Consul to speak in a higher tone in Lis bon than their Ambassador dared to use in Viettna. II it be true that Dun Miguel has treated his de mand with the most intrepid contempt, and refused to deliver up two French subjects whom he had most cruelly treated, and was about to transport to Angola, the French Government will be eternally disgraced if they do not instantly take the only means that can bring the regal rebel to his s enses. It is said a Portuguese frigate is to convoy the ves sel that takes the prisoners to Angola. There are French vessels of war in the Tagus. A French frigate can settle the question very easily, as far as the prisoners are concerned. But France ought not to stop here.; she ought to hurl the perjured tyrant from the throne which he has usurped to outrage the rights of humanity and the law of nations. It W 5 said, not long since, that some English subjects were shut up in his dungeons, charged with pretended plots. We should like to know whether our Go vernment have inquired into the subject, and acted in a manner that shows they are not to be trifled with. The account of the brutal executions that recently took place at Lisbon makes it very neces sary that such au inquiry should have been made without delay, lest British subjects should suffer he worst sort of assassination—that of a Miguelite Court of Justice 1 .-11forning Herald. We congratulate our readers—we congratulate !he King, his Ministers, and the country, on the glorious progress of the Reform question in all quar t e rs, and among all classes. Yesterday we an nounced the triumph of the men of Kent at Dover —today we have the satisfaction of adding London mod Southwark to the list of reforming cities and boroughs, without opposition, or even the show of opposition ! Weto minster will follow the example; and of the neighbouring counties there is not the slightest doubt that a majority will return Members pledged to vote for the .Bill,—the whole Bill,—and nothing but the Bill. Essex is all but certain to return Members of this description ; and in Kent, it is confidently affirmed, that there can be no doubt of Sir E. Knatchbull being outvoted. Subscriptions, also, pour in all from all quarters, to the" Loyal and Patriotic Fund ;" and in zi'most every city, town, and county, local committees have been appointed, and subscriptions set on foot for the pur pose of insuring the election of Reforming, and of none but Reforming, repr, sentatives. Such is also the case in all the respectable taverns and public houses where club-meetings are held. This is the true way to uproot Toryism and corruption. Let hut the people will it sincerely, and there can be no doubt of success. In the meantime, we cannot too strongly impress on the public generally, the neces sity of not furnishing a handle to their enemies, by any acts of riot or outrage, on person or property. Let it be remembered,—let it be deeply impressed on the mind of every Reformer, that we are still but half-way oat of the " Slough of Despond" though we have the best reasons for hoping that we shall eventually emerge from it,—and that every exertion beyond fair fight with the bo roughmongerieg crew, which may oppose our liberation, furnishes an argument against Reform, and a handle of which the anti-Reformers will be glad to avail themselves, in order to procure co-ope ration with them from the hesitating portion of the country. Sir John Rae Reid, we are informed, was roughly handled at Dover; and we deplore the cir cumstance as likely to produce an unfavourable im pression ; but we are confident we have only to caution the Reformers against a repetition of such practice, in order to prevent it. Let there be una nimity and enthusiasm, and let there be a resolute determination not to return any one who has either voted against the second reading of the Reform Bill, or who voted for General Gascoyne's motion ; but on no account let the person, or even the frill, of the veriest boroughmonger, or anti-reformer, be dis turbed. It is beneath Reformers to trample on the falling.—Morning Advertiser. We sonic days ago thought it our duty to fore warn the country, that the Ministers who insulted and vilified the two Houses of the Legislature as the only possible means of vindicating their own desperate measure of dissolution, were unques tionably prepared es a dernier resort, rather than relinquish the power they had so grossly abused, to attempt to carry on the Government of the country by means of royal ordinances. That this was no factious unfounded conjecture was sufficiently evi dent. Ministers already begin to despair of obtain ing in the new Parliament a majority favourable to the revolutionary measure upon which their official existence depends ; and their organs are accord ingly instructed to proclaim the necessity of dis solving the new Parliament the moment it refuses obsequious obedience to the mandate of the Execu tive Government, and of omitting to issue writs for the new election to the boroughs marked out for disfranchisement. The Time:, the leading ing Ministerial Journal, expressly says that this csurse must be adopted " at all risks," if the Parliament now about to be elected should prove refractory. Let no man flatter himself that this is an idle menace. The Ministers if they should be disappointed in the composition of the new Par liament, as they and their adherents evidently antici pate, will, no man can now doubt, in the desperate circumstances in which they stand, do all they can towards realising this arbitrary, insolent, and trea sonable threat. They will advise the King to a course of conduct amounting in effect to the assump tion of unlimited, despotic, lawless authority. They will precipitate the Crown into an act of clear and naked usurpation, which, if once attempted with im punity, under whatever motives or pretexts, would prostrate at once and for ever, the constitutional free dom of the country. They find that they cannot go vern the empire with any other House of Commons than one of their own nomination,and rather than per nsit the Government of the Empire to pass into other and morecapablehands, they will urge their Sovereign to provide for them such a House of Commons, by means of an act identical in all respects with that which a very few months ago cost the Sovereign of a neighbouring nation his Crown, and brought upon him and his family the sentence of perpetual banish ment. This is what the friends and advocates of the present Ministers say they are determined to do if the elections should not produce a House of Com• mons sufficiently submissive to their authority, or sufficiently prompt to re believe e as ully. It avows, plainly and distinctly, what, in the face of Parliament, the Chief Law Officer of the Adminis tration ventured only obscurely to hint. The elec tors of England will not, however, submit to be thus bullied out of their rights, or act so base a part as to pet mit the constitutional freedom of the nation to be thus insulted and impaired while it is de posited in their hands. If Ministers, without exciting , one general burst of indignation, one determined reso lution of resistance, may threaten the boroughs with arbitrary, despotic, and illegal extinction, will not every part of the national representation be hence forth at the mercy of the Crown ? What shall henceforth prevent the suspension of writs to ob noxious cities, however populous, or counties how ever important ? What shall henceforth compel the issue of writs to any body of electors whom the Minister of the day may think likely to return an unaccommodating representative ? What, in short, is the threat which Ministers have dared to mutter but an experiment, intended to try whether the people of England are disposed to submit to a system of Government under which every successive Administration shall substantially enjoy the power of nominating its own House of Commons ? It is now clear that the new Parliament will have a question to discuss, anterior to that of Reform in point of order, and superior even to that great ques tion in point of importance. The question is no less than this : shall the performance of a Ministerial act any longer be entrusted to the Executive Govern ment, after the Ministers of the Crown have threat ened the nation that in a certain probable contin gency they will so perform it as to crush the national representation altogether ? It must be obvious to every man, until this question is decided, and ade quate provision made to protect existing elective rights—so long at least as they shall not have been changed by law—against the illegal and despotic power which Ministers have threatened to exert, that there can be no such thing as free or indepen dent deliberation in Parliament, either upon the subject of Reform or any other measure that Minis ters may be determined to enforce. The electors of the kingdom will not fail seriously to reflect that the appeal to them which the King, in his speech to Parliament, described as th e most constitutional and authentic moths of ascertaining the sense of his people, the Ministers of the same King have pro claimed their intention to despise as an unconstitu tional and unauthentic mode of collecting the sen timents of the nation, should the result of the ap peal happens to be in any degree different from what those Ministers expect and desire. The electors will not fail to perceive that this despotic threat goes as far as a mere th rea t ca n g o to reduce the elections in which they have been called upon to in iciest themselves, to a mere idle ceremonial—to a pitiful and contemptible abortion. Nor will the electors fail also to discover that this insolent and lawless threat overshadows and postpones the ques tion of Reform or no Reform, by placing distinctly at issue the infinitely more important question, of Par liament or no Parliament, of government by the authority of a mixed legislature, or government by the decrees of an absolute Monarch.—Morn. Post. GERMAN PAPERS. BERLIN, APRIL 22.—Our State Gazelle contains he following article : FROM THE RUSSIAN HEAD-QUARTERS. " APRIL 1-I.—Field-Marshal Count Diebitsch transferred his head-quarters on the 10th, to Siedlec, where the whole Russian army is now unEted. The enemy bad avoided the attack at all points, and the badness of the roads continual to make rapid move ments impossible; and as such large masses of troops could not find sustenance in a country already ex hausted, the Russian Commander judged it best to effect his union with the corps of Generals Rotes and Pahlen 11. " This has been done, and the operations will be now re-commenc,d. " On the 14th, the first division of grenadiers at tacked the enemy on the let bank of the Lieviec, and drove him to the other side, with a loss of 300 prisoners and as many killed and wounded. " To-morrow we shall be able to give more de tailed accounts of the whole course of the Russian operations." The State Gazette contains also news from War saw, to the 17th, of whelt the following is the sub- stance : " On the 14th, a letter was read here from the General-in-Chief to the Governor of Warsaw, in which he says that, in ease he should have to go to a greater distroce in pursuit of the enemy, he shall depend on the firmness and bravery of the citizens of Warsaw, and was assured that, under the con duct of General Kruckowiecki, they would defend the city to the utmost against any hostile attack." After this letter was read some of the principal persons addressed the ci•izens, who declared they were ready to exert themselves to the utmost. The head-quarters of the Commander-in-Chief, which on the 7th were still at Siennica, were en the 14th at Jendrejow. The last official report from General Skrzynecki is from that place and of that date; it begins with a particular account of the events of the Ist of April, and of the advance by way of Minsk to Siennica, and then proceeds to the action of the 10th near Iganie, and ascribes the victory to the Poles, esti mating the loss of the Russians at about 5,000 men, of whom the half are prisoners. The Russian 98th Regiment, which consisted after the battle of 460 men, is stated to have been cut off from the army, and to have been obliged to surrender with its officers and baggage. The General estimates the loss of the Poles at 400 men. Of the unsuccessful attack of our troops upon Siedlec, our journals give us no particulars, con tenting themselves with observing that in Siedlec, which the Poles could not take, there was all the Russian heavy artillery, arid a strong garrison. The Polish head-quarters were still a Jendrejow, beyond Kalazin, on the way to Siedlec. In the Russian, as well as in the Polish army, frequent movements took place, and a decisive battle was daily expected. The Russians taken prisoners near Siedlec were not brought into Warsaw, but kept at Praga, where they are employed in the entrenchments. The Russian post had not arrived at Memel on the 17th. There were no further accounts of en gagements between the Imperial troops and the in surgents, but the latter continued to receive rein forcements, and a corps of them, of 8,000 or 9,000 men, had collected at Derbeau, from which place it was said they intended to make a grand attack. It was also reported that the Samoglians expected large reinforcements from Te!schen, on receivng which they thought to enter Courland, and, if pos sible, get possession of Liebau. AMSTERDAM, APRIL 26. Actual Debt, 2% per cent 37i to 3.8,y Amort Syndic, 4% per cent. Ditto, ditto. 3% per cent. 50% to St Exci;ange on London Two mouths ll 86 FROM THE RUSSIAN HEAD-QUARTERS. APRIL 16.—According to the last accounts the speedy passage of the main army was to be ex pected in order to lead to a quick termination of the war. All the preparations were made for this pur pose, when from the accounts of the great strength of the enemy's troops that had marched out of Wor saw, it seemed probable that the decisive blow might be struck against them. The Field-Marshal therefore proceeded on the 4th of April, with the Ist corps of infantry, the 3d corps of cavalry, the Lithuanian corps of the guards, and the greater part of the corps of grenadiers, towards Zelechow, and pushed forward his vanguard against the enemy, who every where retreated to before Latowiez, where the Zwillerback and the marshy grounds near it form very difficult defiles. The main army would have followed this movement had not the great difficulty of procuring subsistence obliged the Commander-in-Chief to bring it nearer to its supplies, for which purpose it was concen trated on the 10th, near Lucknow, and an advanced guard, under Prince Gortschakoif, pushed for ward to Sloczek, which joined the army again at Denbe. The enemy proceeded, by forced marches, parallel with the causeway towards Siedlec; and General Seiwcrs sought to check this movement with the brigade of hussars and the Lithuanian Regiment of Hulans under his command. When the Poles had, about noon, approached the Mucha wiec, they attacked, in close column, General Rosen. The Russian cavalry remained near Iganie, on the left bank of the stream, to protect the retreat of General Rosen's vanguard, which was at Jagnodna, on the causeway. The third brigade of the first division defended the bridge over the Muchawiec, on the Serolzyn road. On the approach of the van. guard, a part of it was detached, under General Faesi, to take the enemy in flank. The action con tinued till seven in the evening; several charges of cavalry, and repeated attacks with the bayonet, pro tected by the artillery, checked the attack of the enemy, anti compelled him to retreat. The Russian troops took up a strong position, and erected batte ries to command the bridge. As the Field-Mar shal could not suppose that the enemy would again attempt the passage, on the following morning he directed the main body of the army towards Sied lec; the Poles, however, did not accept the battle, but retreated in the night of the 10th towards Kuluszyn and Seraqua, and the vanguard followed them immediately to Mingosch. General Thieman observes the country between the Vistula and Wieprz ; and the Warsaw Gerstinszweig has occu. pied Kosk, and General Ougrumoff was to occupy Winsgraw, and maintain the communication with our left flank. General Umienski retired upon the 2d with his corps towards Pultusk, and General Sacker' was ordered to watch the enemy's movements, after being reinforced by the regiments of Hulans of the guard. However, information was soon received that the Poles had preserved a bridge at Staryzatn bel; which circumstance induced the Grand Duke Michael to form a detachment under Gen. Bisham, to which the corps of Sacker] also belonged, to observe the country between the Narew and the Bug. The detachment set out on the sth towards Wyszkow, but did not meet with the enemy, who, on hearing of his approach, retreated over the Bug and the Narew, at Staryzambel, and broke down the bridge. The object of this expedition being com (palentteolymnaettialtisneildi,tthhteperoorvpisneoef o t f h A e u G g u u a s r t d o s w went o,i into order to to preserve the tranquillity of the country, and the corps of Sacken was stationed at Ostrolenka. On the left side General Sierowski, with a corps of 6,000 men, crossed the Vistula on the 7th and Bth April, at Rachow and Josefow, and General K o who, colle as h collect his corps - posed, would at tem p t to retreat over the Vistula. But at the same time a re p ort from General Rudi g er tr4emselait and w attack ordthat D h w e er s n h ic ° k u i l , d announced that Dwernicki had passed the Bug be tween Uscilug and Latowiez. General Rudige concentrated his troops at Targowice, and called in the 3d brigade of the 10th division and hussar Regi ment of the Prince of Orange to join him, by which means be would be strong enough to a.tack Myer' nicki, while General Kreutz has given orders to pursue him as closely as possible, and General De midof will endeavour to interrupt his communication , with ?Amuse. . ppor General Ougrumoir, who, with the first division of grenadiers, had to clear the country on the right wing, lint without passing the Lieviec, fell in yes terday morning with the corps of Ueninsky, which had !alien up a position on the right bank opposite to the village of Liw, and had here erected a /etc du-punt. The brigade of carabinee• . s vigorously at tacked the enemy, routed him, got possession of the works, arid passed the river at the same time with him. By this brAliant success the Russian troops had already got possession of several of the enemy's cannon, when a sudden attack from a mass of Po lish cavalry obliged the Russians to abandon their prize, and fall back upon their infantry, which re pulsed every attack. Between 300 and 400 pri soner; were taken, among whom is a Lieutenant - Coload of the Ist Regiment of Chasseurs. The loss of the enemy must have been very great, parti arly from the destructive fire of the Russian artily lery, which expended almost all its ammunition. Oa the side of the Russians a few hundred men were killed and wounded, among whom is Captain Livoff, Aid-de-camp of the Field-Marshal, who . has received a slight wound in the foot. Since this check the enemy appears to have directed his prin cipal force towards Kaluszn ; and General Ougru moff, who is not permitted to pass the Lieviec after him, remains in his position, and raises the Works thrown tip by the enemy. WARSAW, APRIL 17.—The Polish Courier says that a cha.,ge will soon take place in our Ministry. The Polish General, Stanislaus Szymanowski, died here on the 14th. The Polish Gazette reports that the Russian guards upon the Bug are now effecting their junc tion with the army of Field-Marshal Diebitsch. The Warsaw Courier contains the following :-- " On the 14th there was an action at Suchae near Sceg,lo. Our cavalry is said to have fallen in with the Cossacks in the forest ; and it is also said that the Four!h Regiment of infantry has distin guisl•ted itself in an action there; but we have no accurate accounts of this battle. On the same day' General Uminski is said to have had another battle near Wengrow, with the enemy, who was reinforced by fresh troops, and that the battle was very obsti nate. It is said that on our side the Ist infantry' regimen . of Yagers in particular, and the 20th new regiment of infantry, which was in a preceding en gagement, distieguished themselves : the latter regiment, however, is said to have suffered very'. severely in the action on Thursday, but, notwith standing, to have contributed to a new advantage over the enemy."— Prussian State Gazette, April 23' ST. PETERSITURGII, APRIL 11.--,-HiS Majesty ha s been plea-eel to address the following Rescript to . the Senate : MP t ,,! 't r e e : 7 1 1 : 1 1 1 : : 0 1 1 , 1:7° t hi:7lc fal a 4l" la c Yo e ' t f i llr r (ll I°gi a to any received tFe `defective infi It is rer u; addressed tc 'where they It ig mos' at the Pol is British CI ,-_-------__ CAMB 31 :1 have R iv o e r c g t e n The i I :ti; fi 4,01 Thursda' The Teleg. i ) esd ay and ar id On Thu! Th e Time d 'Yt ToesEhil t ernoo n ; an; Post Hors Cross ; the 1 '" 1 1, at Hoy! P i n„ , '-place, a harouches i n the It i s req , 'ache, C' and - C° Thnitt ee r 411 arran. "lance s kill tp Mr. ca ve the folhm.ir: m arket, 4T. 'd Royston, _._iiritish Cu H E 1.)() -usseli.stree‘ rllitsted t o i To THE HOLD, Great tion lug to rNNti. Pro • f 4,1, 0 t o s 41 41 11. I tru 0 44 1 t::on ' thi 1 arn ya repel '''' l'‘t'al' l'of Qtfiil( -- - " In consequence of the troubles which have, broken out in some districts of the Government 0 ' \Vilna, we think it necessary to declare the Govern ment of Courland, adjoin.ng those districts, in e state of war, and we confer on the Governor-Ge V neral, Lieutenant-General Baron Pahlen, authority to act in that Government with all the powers and prerogatives of the Commander of a detached core s of the arn.y in time of war, in order to repel all at; tempts which the rebels might make against the sail' Government, and to maintain there good order ac' cording to the laws. " The Senate will immediately take the necessary' measures to communicate this our decision to those whom it may concern." ORENBERG, MARCH 17.—We learn that the Kha n of Kitiva has assembled 20,000 Rechecks and Karr kalpaks, for the purpose of invading the Persian I,rovinees. The last attempt of this kind made hi the Khivians was fatal to them, for, of 30,000 Mel l , sent into Persia, scarcely one-third returned, in a '' miserable condition ; the rest were carried off - by the cholera morbus. The only object of th e Khivians is to get slaves for their agriculture. They \'--------:1t the vt obtain no other booty, as the rich Persians live i° strong casths, which they cannot take for want d artillery. Vesitcs, APRIL 13.—8 y a ship which has arrive d here in six days from Albania, we have received the foli lowing important information respecting the state ° things in the Turkish empire. Seurartr, APRIL 4.—On the 23d of March MustaPh Pacha, with 10,000 well armed troops, left this city, b u !! instead of marching to Elbassan, and only defending he frontiers, as was expected, and as he had previously d e ' ....L l 'lte II ti elated he would do, lie has proceeded by way o f p or eoe' towards Scapia. He intends on his march to call on tit: AT a I troops of his allies to join him, and to issue, in the 141 ;il t habi t , mentioned town, a manifesto, in which he declares hints& I 1 ' : 4 4 ) held put the head of the Janissaries, and invites these adherents cj i l ' CinYdo join his standard. Hereupon, after having collected as gre o ! JO' force as possible he will march by way of Kupriu (6°l,i It Was berlia) to Monaster (Bitogli t) and attack the Graei tjhat this Vizier Italschid Pacha. His son-in-law, Zelady BeYt ,: e l\;:° r fla intrt Ochrida, (who was expected from that province by t`i, j ( „1?" e tY'" Par tioo)s of Redschid Pacha), set out about.twenty days sg ii , eil `t}' of the from Lower Albania, to promote the interest of Mustalt , r r'ilce o f Pacha to collect the discontented, and thus to place t''„ s ' ',„ tB ' and ti, Grand Vizier between two fires. Other accounts a& l ," I;: a4 rY and that Mostapha intends to proceed without d e l a y, fr o w s : B e of (A ) Seopia, by way of Philippopolis and Sophia to AdrianeP le ‘ to ld Iv i leaving his son-in -law to occupy the Grand Vizier. , lent e are 1 BOLOGNA, APRIL 14.—The Papal edict, declaring t1 : 1 vvi l j has so convention concluded with Cardinal Benrenuti to be 11 °' i t li ' l egtli ° st h t v caused great consternation and sorrow. Thousands , 71 4 Plan persons asked for passports, and obtained them. The; , t ie at t hi s travelled, anti still continue to travel, by way of Flo Leghorn, anti Marseilles. The Grand Duke of Tuse 3° o opi,.' ll giv raords them temporary protection—maintains thetas ° r h i C t l 'in that their passage through his dominions, and provides for the:, t , e th e h al embarkation. Tl.e parents and relations of the fugit°,), sl i t,"erve i speak with tears of gratitude of his humanity. Tbo o l o Ei li .° imp, the departure of the persons most implicated may seen' 0 of i i t e t% A be a pledge for the future tranquillity of the country/ 0 ps on ' i n4 m, v could not however be depended upon if all the Ger° o th,r ti e "villl troops are to leave us. Most of them are already on theo4 Ti rove, , march to recross the Po : the first division of them pits i, , L it an . tealed through Bologna to-day. I' exert'''rn RIO DE JANEIRO, FEB. 7 —OFFICIAL DEPAI I l'a t ilsinl MENT OF FINANCE. 1 gment to tstirs " Antonio Francisco de Paula el Hollanda Caval Co° l l , T ha r Snn d'Alberquerrpie, of his Imperial Majesty's COO ° Ataj t t de i '* - -<YI . , Minister of Finance, &c. o " Signifies to the Bo trd of Finance of the provinc e 0 1 AT a Alagoas, that it appearing frotn its despatch No. 6 41 0 , To P R( the ISth of September last, that there are in the Ins s o il Crsay, a z - nes of Jaragua 3460 quintals, arroba 41bs. of il, r 0 , th igat e _bi li wood, and above 2000 to be got in, his Majesty the P` to A p si peror has thought fit to order that the Junta shall se nd ior o it,lie follov London the said portions of Brazil wood, to the contrac oft ft,'"lved, for the Brazilian loans, viz., two-thirds to the lical s r, c„etiv e ex, Nathan Meyer Rothschild, and one-third to Bazetty r ci pt 111, 41 ' 1, 4n5, a ( l obar, Crawford and Co., Fletcher, Alexander, and co d (4 1 , 1 ° klv o , - ,, at and Thomas Wilson and Co., to which houses it shall g ot , r, l , e 'o of the the necessary advices, that they may proceed to tbe, 01 h, oa eessary insurances, and also send to this office copies 0 ' r e g• tO t i hills of lading of such consignments, which the , 13 :: tr ;:f fle : a e v ,, s ti . l shall faithfully execute. " A. F. DE PAULA EL HOLLAND CA,— 10 •."Ind, COMTE D'ALBERQUERQUE. 1, 5, d I), ' " Rio de Janeiro, Jan. 12, 1831." to o ,44, J tl The accounts of the tour of their Imperial Maiee' io l through the provinces are highly satisfactory. They e P r al j 4 t(: Z ti l )l : l'' '' t'oit ;god health, and are everywhere received with uni'''' ''cl a t t ; l Wi t ak e t h demonstrations of respect and attachment. 01 cc 'a D RIO Jastritto, FEB. 10.—On the 24th of Janua r y ' '4i 0 ,: 1. '," President of the Treasury ordered the tenders for th e 1 14 , ii ,a. T ha w " on Piuiehy to be received. The porter delivered t ° 0 11 h..." of the t President the following letter, declaring it to be the ° ire t i,. ft , 'ute r " one he had received -- ~0 0 1 fl it ; antd " Joseph Brischantel offers to the National Tce 4 ~ of ai c on for the forty contos of rein in silver coin in the provine" it the I . e g Pinichy, the sum of forty-four contos in copper coin. ular. Tha t " Rio de Janeiro, Jan. 24, 1831." His Excellency the President, considering this convenient offer, ordered the bills to be regociatet! ill c ~,,n Ti' e ~,'an ....ni t i , ..., e , iOrtnity with the edict. ____—........ '' I ra\ Iol3:o!ithatdthJeohlit THE F I.rt, GENTLE I:iptoix. :P itno 'i ts I , youit ~ s uccess vl setting You hare nl' ) 44ned from , Volt have t ti_l , t , „ rv i 01 ' 1 tO retu 4°, the h onor trie tr o " One liqe of Pal "NlUet will li t . 1 , by til ri . lt Your sufl "m that 1 h l'e't assured, wi ll !nand I)‘ On the 28th inst. at Kilnigjskcioltiet,lE(ll)o.ucestershire, by it o 1 k• G. Cornwall, John Kennaway, Esq., eldest son of itt Bart. of Escot, Devon, to Emily Frances, coub of the late Thomas Kingscote, Esq., Vaughan,scote Parlc , ove , On the 2Stli inst. at Harpsden, V. latJ. e i?Loey, oarn Grove, to Mary Ann, only child of the la l'inkney-house, Berks. tecl 4 el • ~ :0 Ap: tl ° l l, Thei r , ' 7 l '' SpL_ m b ogel 7 B , ri pt fie 'd PurcrED AND PuDummu ock- M1.111.D0 YOUNG, AT I SUN OvvicE, 112, STRANP, LONDON.