The Sun. — London, England, 1861-10-10 00:00:00

LAST NIGHT BUT TWO OF: A LFRED MELLON'S PROMENADE CONCERTS. THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT-GARDEN. The Programme this evening will include a Grand Selec tion from Ros ini's STABAT MATER.—Vocalists, Mdlle. Pampa, Mme. Laura Baxter, Mr. H. Warton, M. Fontanier, Mr. Vernon Rigby, and Chorus, —First appearance of Herr Frederick Boscovitch, the celebrated Hungarian Pianist.— Grand Operatic Selection, 11 Trovatore—Beethoven's Battle Piece—Comic Orchestral Fantasia, " Three Blind Mice " o v ertures, Songs. Solos, Dance Music, dm, 4r.c. Commence at 8. Promenade, Is. Conductor, Mr. ALFRED MELLON. TO-MORROW (Friday), a MONSTER CONCERT, corn raenning at 7, and On Saturday (the last night of the Concerts) for the Bene fit of Mr. Alfred Mellon. ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT GARDEN. Under the management of Mi ss Lo u i s a Pyno and Mr. Wm. R 0 YAL Harrison. Will OPEN for the Sixth 0 eratic Season on MO NDAY, October 21st, when will be presented p (first time) an entirely new Opera, by Howard Glover, to be entitled B,IIY BLAS. Full particulars in future advertisements. _ _ _ Tjt y HAY M ARKET: Lessee, Mr. J. B. Bnckstone. T rug EVENING, the twrt oral sutoes will commence with THE BALANCE OF COMFORT. After which, a new Comedy, entitled THE SOFT SEX Mr. C. Mathews, Mr. Buckstone, Mr. Compton, Mr. E.Villiers Mrs. Charles Mathews, Mrs. Wilkins, &c. With PAUL PRY MARRIED AND SETTLED. Paul Pry (in a new position), Mr. C. Mathews. To conclude with THE CHRISTENING. Commence ar 7. yA L PRINCESS'S THEATRE .— Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Harris. THIS EVENING, JEANETTE'S WEDDING. Miss M. Harris and Mr. H. Widdicomb. Alter which, a new and original comesly, in five acts, writ ten by John Brougham, entitled PLAYING WITH FIRE ; characters by Mr. John Brougham (his 11th appearance), Mr. Ryder, Mr. H. Widdicombe, Mr. G. Jotdan (of the principal theatres of the United States, his 11th appearance in Eng land), Miss C. Lelclercq, and Mrs. Weston. With THE GARIBALDI EXCURSIONISTS. ETC.---)YAL LYCEU M THEATRE. Manner—Mr. Ednand Falconer. T HIS EVENING, A MIDSUER'S EVE. After which, at Eicr,ht o'clock, the new and success ful comedy of WOMAN; or, Love against the World. Chiricters by Messrs. Walter Lacy, Addison, Herman Vezin, J. Robins, Mrs. Charles Young, Mrs. Weston, Miss Murray, and Miss Lydia Thomson. To conclude with AN UNPROTECTED FEMALE, in which Miss Lydia Thompson will danee a New Volunteer Quick Step. Prices as usual. Doors open at half-past 6, to commence at 7. Box-office open daily from 11 till 5. EW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHL—. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. Open for the Winter Season. THIS EVENING, MUSIC HATH CHARMS. Messrs. D. Fisher, Romer, Warde, Misses K. Kelly and Laidlaw. Alter which (247th time), THE COLLEEN BAWN. Mr. D 13oncicault, D. Fisher, Billington, S. Emery, Stephenson, C. ,;, Smith, Romer. Howard, Ward ; Mrs. Boucicault, Miss I%' olgar, Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. H. Lewis. l' , ,,onclude with LOVE AND HUNGER. Messrs. Fisher, IC.v:ry, C. J. Smith, Mrs. H. Marston, and Miss K. Kelly. Doors open at half-past 6—Commence at 7. IANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS, AND FINE ARTS GALLERY. 31r. SAM COWELL every evening at Nine and a quarter is Eleven. Also, Grand Selections from TROVATORE, Tit AVIATA, NORMA, MARTHA, &a, By Miss Russell, Miss Ernst, Mr. Eerbert, Signor Tivoli, Mr. Morley, and a powerful Chorus. The Comic department comprises Messrs. Harvey and French. " The Nerves "—Mr. Marshall—Mr. Wood and his talented Son—and Miss Harriet Coveney. Musical Director, Mr. Jonghmans. Admission—Hall, 6d. ; Stalls and Balcony, ls. 11HE 0 X F O R D, 6, OXFORD-STREET. EVERY EVENING-. Selections from Auber's New Comic Opera, LA CIRCA% SII4INNE, by Madame Enderssohn, Messrs. Greene, H. Herbert, and the Company. And from Verdi's new Grand opera, "Simon Boneanegra," by Miss Russell, Messrs. C. Geville, Morley, Greene, and the Company. Full band and chorus. Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans. Varied Comic Entertainments by Mr. and Master Wood, Harvey and French (The Nerves), Mr. F. Marshall, and Mr.W. Hall, 6d. ; Balcony and Stalls, is ; Private Boxes, 10s. 6d. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. T7IIS DAY.—Morning, sh. 52m.—Afternoon, 6h. 20m T o-mo 'mow. -Morning, 6h. 50m.—Afternoon, 7h. 24m. THE WEATHER.-Sux OFFICE, OCTOBER 10, 1801. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 65—highest since noon yesterday. 50—lowest this morning and during the night. —this_day at noon. BAROMETER-30.0. WTND—S.-Easterly—light ; with fine weather. Heavy fog for an hour in the morning. if o ti (i 1 71. RI, . , • • • • . ; THE SUN. LONPON, THURSDAY, OCT. 10, 1861. Austria finds the old proverb true, that troubles never come singly. After all her treachery and cunning, her exertions to bribe or deter Croatia from the course taken by Hungary, have been signally and ignominiously frustrated. Last evening's telegrams informed us that the depu tation from the Croatian Diet waited on the EM PEROR on that day with the Croatian address ; that the address, which was almost verbally the same as that of the Hungarian Diet, was replied to in almost the same terms—" His MAJESTY would consider the claims of the Croatians and afterwards give his decision." Here, then, we have a second great failure— as great a failure, in some respects, as that in Hungary itself. Croatia and Slavonia, with Dalmatia, which claim to act together, contain a population of 1,300,000, and were to send nine members to the Reichsrath. Hungary proper con tains 10,320,000, and was to send eighty-five mem bers. But Croatia was the nationality which Austria had bribed through her infamous BAN to separate from and attack Hungary in 1848, and in consequence a bitter hatred had sprung up between the two countries. Happily for Hungary it was not in Austrian nature to keep faith. The inde pendence and special favours promised to Croatia were exchanged for SCHWARGENBERG amalgama tion with the despised Archduchies; and the Croatians, instead of the freedom and self-govern ment they enjoyed under the Hungarian crown ,found themselves suddenly but a large province governed from Vienna. Fellowship in Austrian maltreat ment soon created a fellowship in resentment against it; and, before the Italian war, the Croatians and Hungarians had, nobly and manfully, agreed to forget and to forgive. They came to a good understanding with each other, and it may be re membered that one-of the first acts of the Diet wag to appoint a Committee to report to it a scheme for the perfect political equalisation of all the countries belonging to the Hungarian Crown. It was intended as a measure to complete the recon ciliation which had already taken place, and was received as such by the Croatians and the nation alities generally. How mortifying then must it be to the EMPEROR to receive from the province which had been duped and cajoled in vain, a second H ungar i an address. He is told directly that the Diet demands the restoration of its constitution of more than a thou sand years old; that the ill-fam e d s ystem of abso lutism had been arbitrarily imposed, had tramp led out their dearest rights, had trodden d own " all that was holy, had aimed at the R -uPpree. sion of their nation and language, and threat ened to extinguish every spark of that faith and confidence which the nation had always placed and still placed in its King ! " His Majesty i s reminded of the bilateral obligations of the Prag matic Sanction, and of the special obligations under which the King lay to the nation for saving the throne. The Croats on this point, place the impudent SCTTMEItLTNO in a most awkward predicament. That arrogant Minister, when pitted against the entire Hungarian nation, justified the imposition of Mr. ROEBUCK'S imperial constitution on Hungary, by telling a whole people as proud as himself that, by declaring the Hapsburgs deposed for their out rageous t reachery and illegalities in 1849,:they had forfeited their ancient constitution, and that the I-lap.burg of th e day might do with th em w h a t Le plea se d. Of course the pretence WAS simply • absurd, the more so after the acts of the King of HUNGARY himself had just practically acknow ledged that the constitution remained entire, and that the Pragmatic Sanction was his point of departure. But M. SCHMERLING himself could find no such pretext even, against the Croatians. Their fault, on the contrary, was that they had allowed themselves to be misled by the infamous JELLACHICH to fight for the HAPS BURGS against the Hungarians. If deposing a per fidious tyrant was ground sufficient against the Hungarians to cancel the constitution which that tyrant had 'violated then, a fortiori, fighting for that tyrant was a ground for retaining the similar Croatian constitution, and for bestowing on them favours in addition. SCHMERLING is in a perfect cleft stick. He has treated alike those who deposed the HAPSBURGS in 1849, and those who fought for them. Croatia demands what Hungary demands, but Croatia tells him to his face, that it has most assuredly incurred no forfeiture. In such a predi cament has political dishonesty placed one of the biggest political rogues in Europe. He has verified the proverb, and hung himself with his own ample rope. It is worthy of remark that the Croatians are especially firm on the point of not uniting to what is now termed the Rump Reichsrath. A second and very clever address was proposed in their Diet. It went on till Aust the close in a well argued national spirit, which was even applauded; at the close, however, a clause turned up which revealed the cunning purpose of the first part, to serve as a blind to concession of the substance of the dispute—it was to the effect that the Diet would " not refuse to unite with the rest of the Empire in such a manner as to preserve unprejudiced its own laws, rights, and privileges." When this clause was read it was received with a perfect hurricane of disapproba tion! The cleverest pretended patriotism could not cajole the Croatians into taking part in the Rump Reichsrath at Vienna. Croat politicians seem likely to trouble the Austrians as much as their rude soldiers have helped them. The successful submersion of the electric cable now connecting Matta with Alexandria is like the recommencement of ocean telegraphy. It is a melan choly reflection that it should be so. Yet, that it is so, there cannot unhappily be any doubt. The labour is forced upon us, by a sad experience, of demonstrating the feasibility of carrying out the very enterprise that for one brief and magnificent interval appeared to have been triumphantly accom plished. Who does not remember it ? - What future historian of this nineteenth century but will record that first momentary realisation of one of the sub limest day-dreams ever indulged in by poet or philosopher ? Supposing the feat should never be accomplished, or even attempted again, it will be borne in the world's remembrance how in our own time, about midway in this nineteenth cen tury, the magic core of a submarine telegraphic cable brought for a while the New and the Old World into instantaneous communication. " ONE TOUCH OF NATURE"—there, in truth—" MADE THE WHOLE WORLD KIN!" And— " though broad ocean rolled between them"—the East and the West conversed with the rapidity of thought— their words borne to each other, to and fro, upon the wings of the lightning. The first words flashed under the depths of the Atlantic, from Europe to America—History will attest this not without emotion—being words of Adoration and Thanksgiving: Gloria in excelais Deo—et in terra pax hominibus bones voluntatia. So that literally —after this—mankind could say, in the awful lan guage of the Psalmist, " From the Depths I have cried unto Thee"—De Profundis clamavi ad Te ! Yet, scarcely had this extraordinary work been completed—hardly had the shores of Ireland and those of Newfonndland been linked together with ;hat wonderful sympathetic nerve of the Electric Cable—when the Beautiful Vision that had been conjured up before us suddenly began to pale and fade out, and in a few brief hours had utterly vanished. The disappointment caused by the failure of the Giant Telegraph, submerged under the waters of the Atlantic, is hardly to be exaggerated. A re action at once grew out of it. From believing everything in regard to the possibility of bringing the ends of the earth together by means of ocean Telegraphy, people forthwith dropped to the other extreme, and believed just nothing at all about it. So many thousands of pounds sterling had been sunk beyond redemption, in the form of capper wire and gutta percha covering into the abyss of the Atlan tic, that the repetition of the costly experiment was not only deprecated as injudicious, but loudly and generally scouted as nothing less than an egregious Folly. Since the period we are here referring to, a suffi• cient time has elapsed to enable even the most cautious amongst us to awaken from this new hal lucination. Between an extravagance of belief and an extravagance of incredulity, we are begin ning to recognise the wisdom yet again of looking for the only path that leads securely to Truth of any kind, the path trodden only by those who love the juste milieu. Nay, a long enough interval has elapsed since the Failure of the Atalantic Telegraph even for the timidity of the Government itself to be overruled. And so—cautiously—feeling every step as we advanced, a new submarine cable has been manufactured and submerged. It lies now, this new electric cable, at the bottom of the Mediterra nean. It connects the island of Malta with the Egyptian seaport of Alexandria_ As the crow flies —the distance thus spanned by the cable is one of 850 nautical miles. As the cable itself coils and winds there along the trough of the sea—the number of miles traversed by it may be stated, on the contrary, at somewhere about 1,300. For, judi ciously enough, we cannot but think the cable here and there makes a circumbencil bus. Starting from Marsa Scirocco harbour, at the eastern extremity of the island of Malta, it is trailed thence to Tripoli (where there is a station) ; from Tripoli it is carried on to Benghazi (where there is another station) : and from Benghazi it proceeds direct to its farthermost destination—Alexandria. It is curious to recollect in regard to the cable now connecting ,Malta with Alexandria, that it had previously assigned to it two wholely different destinations. It was first of all proposed to be laid down between Falmouth and Gibraltar. It was then designed to connect Rangoon with Sin gapore. Circumstances have led at last, however, to its being laid down where it now reposes between Malta and Alexandria. Remembering that every care a-- P e a the succ ess i ve stages of t fs this have isgre be atw en taken in orkinthe original designing of the cable, in the cautious manufacture of it, in the tests to been subject e d, an d i n t which it has he delicate process of its submersion we are sanguine that the result of the whole enterprise will prove in all essential par tijulars as satisfactory as we could reasenably w i s h. One precaution that has been taken is especially worthy of note in regard to this sub marine telegraph—viz., that during the last two years it has been lying constantly immersed in water—it has been lying all that while, as the historian of its submersion facetiously observes, in "its native slement," 'speaking Eguratiyely, That is ' after the fashion in which Mr. 808 SAWYER, in Piekwick, expresses his predilection for beer in " its native pewter." Another instance of the ex traordinary caution observed in reference to the carrying out of this new enterprise in submarine telegraphy is noticeable in the fact that at one point of the track followed in the submergence of the cable, " It was deemed prudent to deviate a little from the course in the form of the letter 5, so that in case of future repairs the cable might be grapnelled for and, with plenty of slack, easily brought to the surface." There is every reasonable hope, in fact before us that the laying of this electric cable between . Malta and Alexandria will mark the commencement of a new and happier epoch in the annals of Submarine Telegraphy. Mr. SMITH O'BRIEN has been again on his travels, and, in some parts of them, to good pur pose. He had two objects in view—one to see the Camp at Chalons, and to make acquaintance with Marshal M`MAHON, Duke of MAGENTA, whose illustrious career is a source of pride to every Irish man, and especially to his kinsmen of the county of Clare, which county was the habitation of his ances tors during 30 centuries. The second object of his excursion was to study the " Hungarian question," in Hungary itself, and to witness a sitting of the Hungarian Diet, at Pesth. Three days sufficed for the Camp, but much as he was interested in all that he saw, there was something, or some one, more interesting still. The French Irishman was some thing for the land of ST. PATRICK to be proud of, for he says, " Much as I was interested by all that I saw in the camp, I was not less interested by the martial demeanour, manly frankness, dignified sim plicity, and intellectual ability of the Duke himself. I also enjoyed the gratification of making acquaint ance with the amiable family of the Marshal, and I obtained permission from the Duchess to tell my fellow-countrymen that her eldest son, PATRICK, possesses all the qualities of a native-born Irishman. I have, therefore, not been disappointed with regard to the first of the objects which I proposed to my. self in this excursion." In Hungary he was quite as fortunate. His name was his only letter of introduction, but it was enough. He easily made the ready acquaintance of the leading members of the Hungarian Diet, and was present at its dissolution. He spent nine days at Pesth, and subsequently he accompanied one of the most prominent members of the Lower House, Count THEODORE CSAKY, to his home near the Carpathian Mountains, where he spent several days. Altogether he really seems to have enjoyed considerable opportunities of intercourse with the educated inhabitants; if, indeed, he did not ascer tai❑ their minds it was not from deficiency on their part in knowledge of languages. Perhaps some of our readers may be as surprised as he Was with what he can tell them on this point. " I confess," he says, " that I entered Hungary with a strong pre possession in favour of the Hungarians and of the Hungarian cause. These prepossessions have been confirmed by all that I witnessed during my recent visit. I expected to find in the Hungarians a manly and chivalrous spirit, but .1 was not dis posed to expect a very high degree of intellec tual cultivation. To my surprise, I discovered an extent of intellectual culture which is not surpassed in any part of Europe. Not only at Pesth, but also in the most remote parts of Northern Hungary, I met with many persons who could speak Latin with as much fluency as they speak their mother tongue. A knowledge of French is almost univer sal among the educated classes, and in travelling on the Continent I have nowhere found so many persons who speak English as in Hungary. I found the Hungarians to be frank, generous, hos pitable, and affectionate. They possess in an emi nent degree the characteristics which are expressed by the word gentleman.' " Their facility in Latin conversation is accounted for by the fact that, till a recent date, the debates in the Diet were in that language ; and many Hungarians still doubt whether the substitution of the Hungarian language was a wise step, since all the nationalities had a common language in the Latin, and the necessity of acquaintance with it, insured that representatives from all must be men of education. The study of Latin has very much declined in Hungary since that time. Mr. O'BRIEN has come back from Hungary with impressions directly the reverse of those of the hon. member for Sheffield strongly confirmed. Pos sibly the latter will attribute Mr. O'BnlEN's im pressions to a reason which, he will say, shows itself sufficiently when he says—" I feel that I should not do justice to the Hungarian cause if I were to attempt to set forth all the grievances of which they complain. They very much resemble those which have afflicted Ire land, but it is due to the Austrian Govern ment to say that it has not yet systematised the confiscation of property with the same skill which has been employed in Ireland by the British Govern - ment during seven centuries; nor has Hungary, like Ireland, lost by misgovernment one-third of its population within fifteen years. Nevertheless, their grievances and their claims are such as to entitle them to demand the restitution of the right of self-government, which they enjoyed during several centuries. They, therefore, are fully justi fied in refusing to subject the interests of Hungary to the control of the Austrian Reichsrath—an as sembly in which they place no confidence, and in which, even if it deserved confidence, they would be overruled by adverse majorities, even as the voice of the representatives of Ireland is overruled by the English majorities in the British Parlia ment." Mr. O'BRIEN attests the correctness of the de scription we have so uniformly heard of the perfect unanimity of feeling in Hungary ; the complete fusion of all sects or parties in a patriotic and de termined though passive resistance to the common oppressor. He says that—" An attempt has been made by the statesmen and newspapers of Austria to produce an impression throughout Europe that the Hungarian cause embodies the claims of only a small section of the people—the pure Magyar race—and that the Magyar nobles are the only portion of the population whose voice is expressed by the Diet. The most conclusive answer that can be offered to this observation is the fact that in several of the counties whose representatives have taken a prominent part in opposition to the Austrian Government there is scarcely to be found a single Magyar elector." And again, in regard to the refusal of illegal taxes, and adherence to their Constitution—" They only demand the restoration of the ancient constitution of Hungary, subject to the improvements which were adopted in 1848. They are also justified in refusing to acknow ledge the legality of any laws other than those which have been parsed by the Hungarian Diet, and in refusing to pay the taxes which have not been sanctioned by the representatives of the Hun garian people. These resolutions and these claims have been a d opted with wonderful unanimity by the Diet and p eop l e of a n s e s p s r e e d v in ai a e d p i o n l i t t i h c e a I Houseisusenmg b a o r lfy y ieep l hr eesnetni have rt ea ntuien:eaesnr unanimity when wit in adopted a Enal protest against the dissolution of the Diet, and this protest was likewise adopted without a dissentient vote by the Howe of Magnates THE SUN, LONDON, TEI CMS DAY EVENING, OCTOBER, 10, 1861, in neither have differences of opinion with re gard to religion paralysed the spirit of patriotism. Tnough the religion of the State is Catholic, and though the Protestants being a small minority of the population, receive no endowments from the State, their ardour for national freedom is at least as intense as that of the Roman Catholics. One of the most respected inhabitants of the town of De breczin, a Protestant gentleman who had himself undergone imprisonment during seven years, on account of the part he took in 1849 in support of the national cause, exclaimed, ' Unum Deum, unam patriam habemus,' when describing to me the state of feeling which prevails amnog the Protestants of Hungary. When will this noble sentiment, We have one GOD and one country,' be uttered alike by the Catholics and Protestants of Ireland ?" Mr. O'BRIEN deicribes the present administra tive measures of Austria in Hungary as intolerable, and as designed to drive the country to premature rebellion, with the idea that it will be etsier to repress it now than it might be at some future period. There is, however, he says, a calm and patient determination to abide their time. They are confident in their cause, and can afford to wait till events, so much within the range of pro bability, may enable them to make their own terms. They regard the Austrian Empire as a slumbering volcano—resting on one, we suppose is meant—Venice and the Italian provinces of Austria are irreconcileably discontented, Hun gary is discontented, Galicia is discontented, Bohe mia is discontented. It is said that even Tyrol is discontented. In the event of a war undertaken by France in favour of these nationalities and of Poland, the physical force of a great part of Europe, and the sympathies of a still greater portion of mankind, would be enlisted against Austria, and also against Russia, in case Russia were again, as in 1849, to reinforce the crumbling power of Austria. Rrussia, however, will have quite enough to do to reinforce herself. Amidst all that others see, or think they see, however, Austria herself sees nothing. Even to-day we hear of two more Comitats or county assemblies being suppressed because they voted resolutions concurring in that of the Comitat of Pesth against the dissolu tion of the Diet. We thank Mr. O'BRIEN for his letter. We would suggest to him, however, that he has overlooked one or two little things in one part. England did not coerce Ireland to send her representatives to the Imperial Parliament—an Irish Parliament voted the union. If they were bribed that was their own fault. And as to depopu lation, the wretched habits of his countrymen, both landlords and peasants, must answer for that. The famine cost England enough, but the POPE and potatoes together were enough to depopulate any country. THE RESTRICTIVE PRINCIPLE OF THE ACT OF 1844, TILE BANE OF INDIA AS WELL AS OF ENGLAND. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—lncalculable is the loss both to India and England occasioned by the death of the Right HoL. J. Wilson, and the consequent upsetting of his financial scheme for India by his successor, the Hon. Samuel Laing, under the direction of Sir Charles Wood, the Secretary for India. The merchants and manufacturers of Manchester, at their late meeting with Mr. Laing, petitioned him to facilitate the growth and transport of cot ton, and to lower the import duty on their manu factures; and this he virtually promised to do, so soon as he had money to spare. Would he not have had money to spare for these vital purposes had he not subverted Mr. Wilson's scheme ? And have not the merchants and manufacturers of Manchester themselves, in a great degree, been to blame for this result, from the support they have constantly given to the unprincipled Act of 1844, an Act devoid of all principle, scientific and moral P Mr. Wilson's plan was gradually and cau tiously to economise the metallic currency of India, estimated to amount to £21,000,000, by the substi tution of Government notes for metal to the extent of two-thirds of the amount (these notes to be issued against Government securities and payable in specie on demand), and the remaining third to be issued against bullion. This plan would ulti mately have placed £14,000,000 of money at the disposal of the Finance Minister for India, to have met the wants and wishes of Manchester, and pro bably at the gradual rate of £2,000,000 a year. Mr. Wilson's object was to introduce a sound paper currency into India, with the intention of 1 saving the expense of the metal, and setting so much money at liberty. The effect of Mr. Laing's, or rather Sir C. Wood's, amendment is the very reverse. It reduces the paper currency from £s,ooo,ooo—the amount previously issued by the banks of the Presidencies—to £4,000,000. Nor is this the solo superiority of Mr. Wilson's scheme. As the trade of India increases (and in crease it must enormously, from the capability which India possesses of becoming a powerful rival to America in the supply of cotton), more money will be necessary to carry it on; more silver will be required from Europe; more gold will be taken from the Bank of England to procure it; and the Bank rate of discount will have to be raised. This tendency to make money dearer would-have been diminished by Mr. Wilson's, but is aggravated by Mr. Laing's scheme. Were Mr. Wilson's principle for the formation of a national currency of issuing two-thirds of the amount in notes bases on Government Securi ties, and payable in specie on demand, and the re maining one-third against bullion, to be applied both to India and Great Britain, it would not only place £14,000,000 at the disposal of the Finance Minister, for India, but also £30,000,000 at the disposal of the Chancellor of the Exchequer for Great Britain. Then would the monetary system of both empires be based on the true principle of Free-trade in sound money, instead of, as at present, upon monopoly in, and unnecessary restrictions on, the issue of the medium of exchange.—l am, sir, your obedient servant, HAMER STANSFELD. Highfield, Windermere, Oct. 8, 1861. Her Majesty the Queen will hold a Privy Coun cil to• morrow (Friday) at Balmoral. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cam bridge and the Princess Mary arrived at St. James's Palace yesterday from Germany. The Duchess Dowager of Beaufort and Mr. and ho Lady Henrietta Morant are passing the season at Lea•. mington. The Marquis and Marchioness Cholmondeley left Carlton-house-terrace on Tuesday for Cholmondeley Castle, Cheshire, for the winter. The Marquis and Marchioness of Exeter and family loft town on Saturday last for Burghley House, Stamford. The Marchioness (Frances Anne) of London derry has arrived at Seaham Hall, Durham, from Garrott Towers, Ireland. The Earl and Countess Delawarr have left town on a visit to the Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury, at Hatfield House. Lord and Lady Colchester havo left town on a visit to the Marqui s and Marchioness of Salisbury at Hat field House. Viscount and Lady Mary Sandon have Sandon Hall, Staffordshire, the week after next, for a tour in Italy. Viscount Cranbourne and Mr. Johnstone are expected in town in a few days, from the Continent. The Earl of Lucan has arrived at his residence in South-street, from his seat in Ireland. We are requested to contradict the report of the sericus illness of the Earl of Yarborough. His lordship has not had another attack of paralysis, but has been suffering since Sunday last from an attack of gout, from which he is now recovering. His lordship's general health has of late much improved. Viscount and Viscountess Campden had the honour of entertaining their Royal Highnesses the Duc and Duchesse d'Aumale and the Prince de Condi on Thursday last, at Campden House, the ancient family seat, bi Gloceptergb.fre, Mr. and Lady Mary Craven come to town to morrow from visiting the Earl and Countess of Chesterfield, at Bretby Park. _ _ _ The Right Hon. W. F. Cowper, M.P., and Mrs Cowper arrived at their residence in Curzon-street, yester• day, from a tour on the Continent. LIVERPOOL WOOL SALES, Oct. B.—The fourth series of our public sales opened this evening with 2,094 bales East India. There is a very large attendance of both home and foreign buyers, the biddings are spirited, and prices on the average about Id. per lb. higher than last July rates, the advance being greatest on grays of all kinds ; in some cases as much as 2d. per lb. The East India Railway Company have just con' pleted the issue of £1,500,000 of debentures. They were originally offered last December, and are inconvertible into stock. The present borrowing powers of the company are now exhausted. THE WEATHER IN FRANCE.—The erournal de Rouen says :—The heat continues in Paris as at Rouen with extraordinary intensity for the season. The chestnut-trees on the promenades are again in bloom, and in a garden at Bagnolet, on the east of Paris, may be seen a vine which bears at the same time clusters of ripe grapes and bunches of blossoms. Vines and pear trees may be also seen in bloom at and near Rouen. AN ENEMY OFF PORTSMOUTH.—On Tuesday evening a party of the Naval cadets from her Majesty's ship Britannia were bathing, as is their custom, on the beach between the harbour's mouth and Hasler Hospital, when a peculiar object was observed on the surface of the water, at no great distance from the bathers, by some seamen and the watermen of a boat which was coming into the harbour under sail from the ships of war at Spithead. On drawing near the object it was discovered to be the dorsal fin of a huge shark, which, with his head towards the bathers, was apparently engaged in watching their proceedings with great interest. The close proximity of the boat, however, appeared to disturb his cogitations, for the brute, with scarcely any perceptible effort, sheered off at great speed into deep water. Shortly afterwards he was seen cruising off the bathing machines at Southsea. Measures have been taken to effect his capture if possible. THE MAILS, &C.—SOUTHAMPTON, Oct. 9.—The Royal Mail Company's steamship Magdalena, Captain R. Woolward, sailed hence this afternoon, with the mails for Lisbon, Cape Verde, the Brazils, and River Plate. She takes out 113 passengers, among whom are Captain C. Motel, for St. Vincent; Captain Treloar; and the Rev. G. G. W. Clemenger, for Rio, &c. ; and on freight £12,285 in specie from England (of which £3,785 is in gold coin and £8,500 in bar silver) £968 in gold from France; English jewellry, value £1,630; French ditto, value £7,803; and a full cargo of British and foreign merchandise. The Ham burg-American Company's screw steamer Teutonia, Capt. Taube, also left to-day for New York, taking the United States' mails, 213 passengers, 11,000 f. in specie from Havre, and a full cargo, of which 900 tons were shipped at this port. On the arrival of the outward-bound mail steamer Arabia from Liverpool at Queenstown a dreadful accident occurred to one of the vessel's crew. The Arabia had just come to her moorings, and was about being made fast, slowly moving her engines at intervals, when a fireman, named Peter Scully, incautiously approached too near the machinery, when he was drawn yet further in, and in another instant the side lever jammed his head against an adjoining portion of the works, crushing the head of the unfortunate man. No hopes are entertained of his recovery. DEATH FROM PASSION.—An awfully sudden death, under most painful circumstances, took place on Monday last at the village of Sherwood, near Nottingham. It appears that Mr. William Hill, a lacemaker, was pre paring his breakfast on the morning in question, when a neighbour named Eli Worthington came to the door, and began to aggravate Hill by using abusive language. Hill's son, upon hearing this abuse, went out, and as Worthing ton was in a fighting attitude the former struck the latter, and they fought a round. The neighbours parted them, but Worthington wanted to fight again. The elder Hill got into a great passion, urging on his son to continue the fight, exclaiming, "Go into him ; give him as much as you can! Get on the highest ground I" after which he fell upon his side in the door way and immediately expired. An inquest on the body was held the same evening, when the jury returned their verdict, "That the deceased died from great excitement by the sudden visitation of God." It appears that the arrangement effected on Mon day by the Bank of France has been made with Messrs. Rothschild and five other Paris banking houses, and is to the effect that the Bank are to have, through these firms, the power to draw bills upon London to the amount of £2,000,000, of which £1,000,000 will be on Messrs. Roths child, and £1,000,000 on Messrs. Baring. The knowledge of this circumstance has produced a slight decline—about per cent.—in the rate of exchange, and when the draw ing of the bills commences a further downward movement must be expected, but it is not considered likely that the reaction will be to a point that will attract gold from Lon don. The measure will probably not do more than check for the present the drain of specie from Paris to this side. At the maturity of the bills, which will be drawn at three months' date, the amount will have to be repaid unless a renewal be obtained, and the rate of exchange at that period will be proportionably influenced in our favour. On the other hand, the difficulty in France, if affairs should not meanwhile take a better course, will then return, and, per haps, with increased force from the present postponement. It may be hoped, however, that the results of the excellent vintage and other circumstances will operate to bring about some restoration of trade and confidence. An "affair of honour," arising out of the unusually warm and angry discussion on the Waterworks Bill, which took place at the meeting of the Town Council on Monday last, came before Mr. Allen, divisional justice, at the head police-office, yesterday. It appears that on Monday even ing Mr. Francis Morgan, law agent to the corporation, sent a hostile " message" to Dr. Gray, 'in which he de signated the attack made on him by the latter as savage and cowardly, accused him of wilful misrepresentation of facts, and _demanded personal satisfaction, naming France as the place of meeting, the thine—within a week, if con venient—to be settled, and the necessary preliminaries ar ranged, by their respective " friends." Dr. Gray set forth the letter in an information, and having deposed that he was apprehensive of personal violence from Mr. Morgan, obtained a warrant for his arrest. It was not, however, necessary to execute the warrant, as an intimation was conveyed to Mr. Morgan from the justice that his presence was required, and he undertook to appear. At four o'clock he attended at the police-office, and complied with the rule of the bench by entering into a recognisance, himself in £4OO, and two sureties in £2OO each, .to keep the peace towards Dr. Gra`• for a period of three years. DARING ACT OF PERAMBULAT ORSHIP.—We are accustomed tacomplain of servants, and to declare that they aro careless, inattentive, thoughtless, destructive for the mere pleasure of destruction, and we don't know what else. Now we boldly maintain the contrary. One fact will suf fice. We have just been witnessing a nursery-girl (she could not-have been more than 13) wheel a a perambulator, with two children in it, down the steps by the Duke of York's column. It's a fact. Bump—bump went the slender vehicle, as it descended each step, and thump—thump went our poor heart as we watched the gradual descent of the vehicle. We expected an accident every minute. We rushed forward to offer our assistance, but there was not the slightest occasion of human help. With wonderful nerve she guided the frail machine. Nothing could have ex ceeded her wonderful self-possession but her consummate skill I At last—and those thumping five minutes were to us more than an age of stifling suspense—she accomplished the daring act, and it was done as coolly as you would eat an ice. And most miraculous—not a single baby was spilt!! We would not have tried that perilous feat —no, not for all the wills and plate-chests in Coutts's cellar. Yet we have heard ladies peevishly declare that servants do not take sufficient care of the children I—Ptemlt. TrIE PORT OF' VERA CRUZ.—The following is the commercial review of the port of Vera Cruz, as com piled by Don F. de P. Serrano, by order of the Government, by which it appears that the importations for the year 1860 were—provisions valued at 1,854,757 dols ; manufactures, 7,467,566 dole. ; metals, 233,924 dole. ; and assorted merchandise, 3,642,031 doll.; together 13,198,278 dole. This amount of foreign merchandise is entered at the Cus tom-house from the ports of Liverpool, 4,640,331 dole. ; Havre, 2,514,149 dole. ; Hamburg, 1,922,433 dole. ; New Orleans, 1,546,573 dole. ; Havannah, 697,073 dole. ; Bor deaux, 505,111 dole. ; New York, 488,701 dole. ; Antwerp 200,041 dole.; Malaga and Genoa, 241,253; Boston, 116,782 dols. ; Barcelona and Cadiz, 330,019 dole. ; Maracaibo, 65,488 dole.; Pensacola, 11,596 dole.; Newcastle, 6,745 dole. ; and Mobile, 1,976 dole. The trade of the last year will be seen by the returns of the past five years, from which it appears that the value of the imports for the year 1856 were 17,720,582 dole. ; 1857, 11,224,415 dole. ; 1858, 10,033,569 dole. ; 1859, 14,027,920 dols.; and 1860, 13,198,278 dole ; together, 66,204,761 dols ,"or an annual average of 13,240,953 dole. The exports for the same time were—to Southampton, 5,345,225 dole. ; New Orleans, 943,336 dole. ; New York, 237,361 dols. ; Havre, 97,203 dole. ; Bordeaux, 86,994 dole. ; Havannak, 77,983 dole. ; Hamburg, 59,823 dols. ; Cadiz, 15,100 dole. ; Liverpool, 9,912 doll.; Antwerp, 7,496 dole. ; and Genoa, 3,200 dole. ; tog,ether, 6,883,633 dole. The exports for 1856 were 8,942,988 dole."; 1857, 11,384,765 dole. ; 1858, 2,915,576 dols. ; 1859, 5,865,310 dols, ; and 1860, 6,883,633 dole.; total, 35,983,272; making the ave rage 7,196,654 dole. per annum, or little more than 5) per cent. of the value of the imports during the same time. The exports of gold and silver were, in 1856, gold, 512,722 dols.; 1857, 261,347 dole.; 1858, 117,161 dole.; 1859, 189,475 dole.; and in 1860, 290,936 dole.; together, 1,371,641 dole. Silver during the same years, 28,851,868 dols. The duties collected during the past year on imports amounted to 3,440,821 dole.; of this amount the national Treasury did not receive the whole. The pilotage, lighthouse, municipal, public improvements, and tonnage dues are agsigned. The "amortization of debt" is a payment heretofore made in Interior Bonds. This impost has lately been changed for a new one in favour of the railroad enterprise. The Treasury receives little more than 50 per cent. of the duties collected at Vera Cruz, and nearly the whole of this is supposed to be absorbed by foreign and native holders of claims upon tlxe notioAa), royeulles, LATEST NEWS. PARIS, OcT. 10. The Moniteur, in its bulletin of to-day, says : " The visit of the King of Prussia, which has given rise to so many commentaries, cannot but exercise a happy influence on the relations of the two Governments. g , Everything leads to the presumption that it has left an impression equally favourable on the minds of both Sovereigns." NAPLES, OCT. 9. Orders have been given to surround the band of Cypriani in the mountains of Nola. Many troops have already left for that destination. ROME, OCT. 9. The Duke do Gramont has been decorated with the Grand Cross of the Order of Pius IX,, and has left for France. PESTH, OCT. 10. The majority of the members of the Provincial Government of Transylvania have determined not to publish the edict for the convocation of the Transylvanian Diet, on the ground that the laws of the country confer on them the right of protest ing against all illegal demands, and that a separate Transylvanian Diet would be opposed to the union of Transylvania with Hungary. Count Maylath will henceforth renounce all par ticipation in the administrative affairs of Hungary. The news published by the French journals in reference to certain resolutions adopted at a Confe rence of Hungarian leaders and refugees at Genoa is without any foundation. No Deputies were sent to any such Conference. BERNE, OCT. 10. M. Thouvenel has referred M. Kern to the French tribunals on the subject of the demand of Switzer land for satisfaction for the attack recently published in the Constitutionnel against the Go• vernment of Geneva, on the ground that the lifoni teur is the only organ of the French Government. BERLIN, OCT. 9. The latest news received from China via St Petersburg announces the death of the Emperor o: China. NAPLES, OCT. 9. The journals of Naples announce that Borges has been taken, tried, and shot. They also state that it was rumoured that his 45 confederates had been made prisoners. VIENNA, OCT. 9. The deputation with the address of the Croatian Diet was received to-day by the Emperor, whose reply was almost verbally the same as that which he gave to the Hungarian Diet. His Majesty said he would consider the claims of the Croatians, and afterwards give his decision. The Archduke Charles Louis, brother of the Emperor of Austria, will represent his Imperial Majesty at the coronation of the King of Prussia at Konigsberg. THE BOMBAY AND MAURITIUS MAILS. SOUTHAMPTON, OCT. 10. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Delta, with the heavy portion of the Bombay and Mauritius mails, has arrived. She brings 46 passengers and 1,864 packages of general cargo. The British brig Martha Miles was run down 60 miles off Malta by the British steamer Corin- Chian. GIBRALTAR, OCT. 5. The exchange on London, 492-; Paris, 527. FRANCE. PARIS, OCT. 9. The ffloniteur gives the following account of the departure of the King of Prussia from Com piegne : " His Majesty, on Tuesday morning, before breakfast, attended the parade of the troops—a battalion of Zouaves of the Guard, and the regiment of Guides, which were employed as guard of honour at the Palace. At half-past 12 the King took leave of his august host, and left for Dussel dorf, where his Majesty was to sleep at night. The Emperor accompanied the King to the railway station." A letter from Compiegne gives some additional details : "It was at the King's express request that the inspection of the troops took place. The men were drawn up in the reserved park, on the Pelouse des Beaux-Monts. The King and the Em peror were both in plain clothes; the Prince Imperial and the Empress were also present, the former in the uniform of the Grenadiers of the Guard, 'and the latter in morning costume. When their Majesties arrived, the troops raised the cries of 'Vive le Roi de Prusse ! Vive lEmpereur !' After the little review the troops executed several manoeuvres. Breakfast followed immediately, and afterwards the King, having taken leave of the Empress, proceeded in an open carriage, accom panied by the Emperor, to the railway station, the suites of their Majesties following in similar vehicles. At the station their Majesties took leave of each other in the most friendly manner, and at the last moment the King said to the Emperor. Embrace your son for me!' The officers of the suite of the King, in bidding adieu to the Emperor, kissed his Majesty's hand. The King before quitting the palace conferred three decorations of the Black Eagle, and seventeen of the Red." " It appears certain," says the llfoniteur, " that the King of Holland is to arrive on the 12th at the Palace of Compiegne, as originally fixed. It is stated that his Majesty will pass several daysthere, and afterwards go to Paris. The Emperor has already designated the officers of his household who are to attend the King during his stay in France." BOURSE, Oct. 9.—The market has been firm, but the amount of business continues limited. Threes, for the Account, are now at 68f. 30c. For cash, prices are rather lower. Railway shares dull. The following are the last quotations : 41 per per Cents ... 95 60 Credit Foncier - -- Do. end month.... 95 70 Belgian 41 3 per Cents Do. end month 6B 35 Roman - Bank Shares 2920 Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 721 25 Spanish Threes 451 Do. Account 722 50 Home Debt RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1342 50 .. 1343 75 Northern 9BO .. 982 50 New ditto Lyons and Mediterranean 1023 75 .. 1025 Geneva Southern 641 25 .. 643 75 Western ..... 530 .. 631 25 Eastern Sardinian Austrian Lombard 527 50 .. 528 75 RUSSIA. A letter from St. Petersburg, 21st, says :—" Great activity at present prevails in the port of Cronstadt. A squadron composed of corvettes, clippers, and other small vessels, is being fitted out to sail for the Russian colonies in the Pacific, under the orders of Rear-Admiral Popoy, one of the most brilliant heroes of Sebastopol. The ilia.Mourometz, a frigate, which formed part of the squadron sent to Syria, has within the last few days arrived in the roadstead; she accomplished the voyage from Beyrout to Cronstadt in less than two months without any grave accident. No official report having been received for a long time of the frigate Svellana, Captain Boutakov, which ought to have arrived from the Pacific, disquietude is felt about her. ,The last date at which she was heard of was the 20th June. A fine new frigate, the Dmitri Donskoi, was launched three days back from the new Admiralty dockyard. She is built of oak, on the model of the Grand Admiral, one of the largest frigates constructed in the United States, and which was greatly admired by the English and French sailors at Beyrout. The length of the new vessel is 270 feet, and her breadth 51 feet. In about fortnight or three weeks navigation may be considered as closed, as the thick fogs which are then sure to prevail will render access to the Gulf of Finland more difficult than ever." POLAND. FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT. WARSAW, OCT. 3. Marquis Wielpolski has made himself very un popular with the Poles by many narrow and anti national measures, but never did he make a greater 'mistake than when he shut up the schools for so long as the demonstrations should continue. A more absurd and suicidal policy was never adopted. The consequence was that the students turned all their energies to the national movement, and that demonstrations became more frequent than ever. Mere boys, ardent patriots, but actuated by a mis taken sense of zeal for their countrz, entered upon rash undertakings whi c h threatened to defeat and baffle all the efforts of their more mature country men, and so far to deprive the Poles of the charac ter for moderation and order which they had, after so many heroic sacrifices, obtained in the eyes of Europe. The Polish Minister, vacillating and fond of compromises as he is, is still not Russian enough to play into the hands of the Government. The closing of the schools is simply a gross blunder on his part, which he will no doubt soon endeavour to correct. Meanwhile great anxiety is felt in many Polish families with brave and enthusiastic boys on their hands. Some who can afford it endeavour to make up for the education, which cannot now be had at public schools, by private tuition; but the training and discipline requisite to manage a num ber of high-spirited youths is of course wanting, and in many cases they have abandoned their homes and launched themselves on the troubled sea of politics, often only to be led to their own destruction and that of their friends. Some boys have been sent to the German schools; but this course meets with universal reprobation, it being rightly thought that a German education is not the one to develope either the patriotism or the practical mental activity of the young generation. The only institution which seems to be unobjectionable is the University of Cracow; but the University of Cracow is not large enough to educate all the Polish youth. The matter will no doubt come before the Council of State ere long. The condition of the provinces does not seem to mend in the least degree. The troops at Kovno, Lithuania, consisting of a regiment of infantry from Esthonia, some artillery from Vilna, a detachment of Cossacks, and a squadron of Hussars, have per petrated all sorts of atrocities on the Polish inha bitants. The most patriotic of these have been picked out by M. Nazimon, or Massacrov, as he is nicknamed there, to board and lodge the soldiers. Eight or ten are packed in one small room, without the slightest regard to the sex or age of its previous occupants. Many poor widows have thus had numbers of soldiers forced upon their cottages, who occupy every available corner in the place, leaving the occupier to shift for herself. A poor labourer, Milewski, was called up in the middle of the night by six soldiers, who broke into his house, bayonetted his wife, who was enciente, and turned his daughter out of her bed. The matter is now undergoing judicial investigation ; but no satisfaction can be obtained in those parts where soldiers are concerned. It has now become dangerous to walk the streets ; patrols are constantly on the look-out for people in respectable attire, who are seized and robbed where ever they show themselves. The Government pretends to look upon these outrages as the work of a few revolutionists, and has actually called upon "good citizens" to aid in arresting and bringing them to justice. Fourteen of the lowest blackguards in the town were at last, after infinite pains, got together by the colonel of the Gensdarmes and Wasiljen, the Director of Police, to represent the " good citizens!" in question. Here are the names of some of them, with their charac ters, so far as knolm Charles Kopf, a German. who appears in the criminal records as having been convicted of issu ing false passports ; Ferdinand Banrath, who has changed his religion as often as the Vicar of Bray, having recently become a convert to the Russian Church, after having been, first, a Protestant, and then a Catholic, and who has just been turned out of the Post-office ; Gregory Kwiatkowski, late of the Commissariat, from which he was dismissed as a defaulter; Francis Engelmann, a German, con victed of bribery when a town magistrate; Alex ander Karpunzko, a bootmaker, under trial for in cest ; Simon Wysocki, also under trial, for stealing a watch ; Cyprian Wysocki, convicted of a similar offence ; and so on. These " good citizens" are simply Government spies. They go into the churches to take the names of those who sing, denounce people to the police, and even go about with Cossacks to arrest their victims. Seven persons, among whom are four ladies, were thus brought before the police court on. the accusation of the "good citizens" in question some days ago; and their statements in contradic tion to those of the police were not believed, the testimony of a policeman on oath being considered superior to any other. The penalties for singing or wearing any national symbol are very severe: For the first offence three days to a fortnight's imprison- , ment, together with a fine of ten to two hundred roubles; for the second, the fine is twenty to four hundred roubles ; and for the third, forty to eight hundred. If this fine is not paid within seven days the property of the culprit, if any, is sold by auction ; and if the amount realised is not sufficient to discharge the debt, it is wiped off by jive years' imprisonment! Letters from Galicia state that great agitation prevails on the Polish frontier in consequence of the discovery of secret police agents, who are en deavouring to persuade the peasants that their land lords are getting up a conspiracy in concert with the Jews to massacre them. In one village the in habitants were actually so terrified that they left their houses and bivouacked in the woods adjoin ing, stationing pickets on the Cracow road, by which their adversaries, the Jews and nobles, were supposed to be advancing. The author of all this evil has, however, been caught and exposed, and the greatest cordiality now prevails between the landlords and their peasants. This amicable feeling was particularly shown at the recent Church ser vices "for the prosperity of the county." At Bukovina, a village on the frontier, the peasants were invited by the nobles to a banquet, at which all classes fraternised and showed the greatest good feeling towards each other. At Warsaw the subject which now engages most of public attention, is the petition addressed to General Lambert by Archbishop Fijalkowski and the other Polish bishops. This document has been very unfavourably received by the Government, which has always, in its efforts to denationalise the country, looked upon the National Church as the greatest obstacle to its endeavours. Nor have these obstacles come from the National Church alone ; the ministers of the Protestant and other religions, and above all the Jews, have shown great patriotism and courage during the late demonstrations. The Greek or Russian Church is the only one to which the Poles have really an antipathy, and the only one which is countenanced by the Government. Under these circumstances it will be easily under stood that the Church in Poland does not enjoy many favours from the Government ; indeed, in their petition, the bishops complain that, in spite of the promises given them after the last revolution that all their rights and privileges would be re spected, they have been gradually denuded of the greater part of them and reduced to the mere tools of the Government, dependent upon the caprice of some subordinate official. They complain bitterly of the proselytism of the Russian Church, and the persecution to which their co•religionists are sub jected, such as compelling a Roman Catholic who marries a member of the Russian Church to sign an undertaking that his children will be brought up in the latter faith, and bringing matters purely