The Sun. — London, England, 1831-01-08 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. lire are of the number of those who conceive that the . protection of property is an object of paramount imporfairce, and that all invasions of property which endangai its security demand the e special attentior of men in authority, and ought to be met by ap propriate punishrnear. But great care is necessary that the zeal foran;forciog the law be accompanied by sound discretion, and that titv punishments b e not more severe, than in - the opinion of tic societ) on which they are intended to operate as en example, they ought to be. If the severity be such as to en list the feelheas cf the people on the side of the guilty, then the object sought to be attained by pit nishntent—the protection of property—is weakened, instead of being strengthened. I.Ve fear the Cain pro • p, as • it has been called, in Hampshire and Wilt shire, has not tended to strengthen the reve rence of the people for the administration of justice. We had our apprehensions before the commence xnent of the catnpaign, and it was on this ac count that we were so anxious that Lord Chief Baron Alexander should make way for Lord Lynd hurst, that the services of the latter might be ob tained in the Special Commissions. Lord ' Lyedhurst is cool and discriminating, and under him the trial wculd have been conducted in such a manner as to conciliate the approbation of the country, while the severity of the sentence, where it was severe, would have given rise to less animadversion. Thi dissatisfaction of the public is caused partly by the disproportionate severity of the law Figitifli, break ing machinery, and partly by the absence of that tem per On the Bench so necessary to satisfy the public of the impartiality of the tribunal. For instance, in the case of Isaac Looker, tried for writing a threatening letter, reported in the Chronicle of yes terday, and found guilty, though it was afterwards ascertained the prisoner did not write the letter, the terms and tone of the charge of Mr. Justice Alder son have struck all readers of the, report with asto nishment. The sentence of transportation pro nouriced in this caie will not, we suppose, be carded into execution ; but when, on conflicting evidence, a Judge is seen to express himself so contitleetly against a prisoner, who, after all, is found to be in nocent, reverence for the tribunal is not a little im paired. We have been hitherto averse to notice these judicial proceedings, from an unwillingness, at so critical a conjuncture as the present, to be at all necessary to the arraying public opinion against the administration of the law. But dissatisfaction has manifested itself so universally, that it becomes im possible to be longer silent on the subject. Among others who have petitioned on behalf of the unfor tunate men is the Council of the Birmingham Union. The Council say, that " those unhappy individuals have been goaded into such desperate proceedings, under the excitement and phrenzy produced by a long course of unparalleled sufferings and privations, `inch out of cruel and oppressive Nwe, some of have been expressly intended to enhance the aae'less ese e eoeptice of bread, arid others of which have been equally calculated to beat down the price of labour." As in every country laws are made in the supposed interest of the makers, it would be rather a dangerous plea to allow general oppression under the law to just ify individuals iu the violation of it. There is a some what better plea, in the general ignorance of these people, that in breaking machinery they were com mitt:ng a crime punishable with death, and in the language held by those to whom they looked up as authorities. It is well known that Magistrates in many places recommended farmers to break their machines ; that the people imagined they had the sanction of the Magistrates; at all events, that ma• • chinery was an evil which ought to be put down. They were not told by the Magistrate:; that break ing machinery was a crime punishable with death; nil, indeed, so little was this known, that when the Home Office published a placard containing a state ment of the law, it excited no small degree of asto nishment. That machinery ought to be protected is what no reflecting man will deny. But the poor have not been brought to consider the destruction of machinery an evil. On the contrary, they be lieve that machinery is injurious to the working classes. With such a belief, they will be but too apt to consider the men who suffer the penalty of the law as martyrs rather than criminals. How often do we hear men, even of education, inveigh ing against machinery as the cause of the distress of the labouring classes. Nay, did not Lord Wyn ford,. lately, in the House of Lords, attribute the sufferings of the people to machinery ; and did not Lord Eldon endeavour to set his Lordship right ? While the higher ranks perplex the people in this manner, some allowance ought surely to be made for them. A case tried at the Worcester Sessions exhibits a very different result. An out-going tenant of Lord Northwick possessed a barn, ac cording to the cu-tom of the county, in which he had a machine. A constable and five other in dividuals, under the directions of Lord North wick,, proceeded to the barn to destroy the machine. Perhaps his Lordship was afraid that the hostility to machinery might travel into Worcester shire: But his Lordship sat rot the Bench during the trial of the six men, who were convicted, and sentenced to pay certain fines. This case has, it is said, been looked to with greet interest by the Yee manry of Worcestershire. Will the fines imposed in such a case serve to deter from the commission of a similar offence in future? So far from it, as has been remarked, were the instructions to be re peater), they would be obeyed with readiness, pro bably by the same parties. In the case of tire men under sentence of death, at Winchester, a petition from that place, numerously signed, has been trans mitted to the Home Office. The influential people, however, have generally refused to sign it, and the Clergy urge, that whatever the law may be, so long as it is law, it ought to be enforced. This would be a good reason, were the law always enforced.— But we know, that in cases where the law is well known, the punishment of death, though often pro nounced, is so seldom enforced, that criminals cal culate on the chances of pardon as far outweighing the chances of punishment. Have not the re formers of our Criminal Law been constantly urging the substitution of mild anti certain punishments to sanguinary hut uncertain punishments. file Clergy of Hampshire may have received a new light since the recent outrages ; they once had very different notions regarding Penal Law,-111Orning Chronicle. Our readers will find in another column a letter from Mr. Charles Tennant, Member for St. Albans, in which he ably exposes the absurdity of the argu ments urged in taveur of legislative interference with the mode of paying labourers. \Ve are almost tempted to believe there is something like trick in throWing out illusory schemes for the relief of the poor—that they are thrown out as a sort of tub to the whale—to keep the people from attaining to a serious knowledge of the causes of the evils from aahich they stiffer. At one time the people are told by the authorities of the country that the labourers would be greatly benefited by the general adoption of truck; at another, they are told that truck is cutting them up root and branch ; the truth being, that the whole matter is beside the question of how the labourer is to be really benefited. In 1795, when tine poor were suffering dreadfully from high prices, t]es Magistrates, at their Quarter Sessions, in order to keep the people patient, amused them with tine benefits they were to derive from truck. In a " Report on the Inquiry' into the General State of the Poor," instituted by order of the Hampshire Magistrates—a production which wag cried up at the time by the local authorities all over the country ---we are told that economy is to supply the place A3f . a rise of wages, and that— " One' obvious way of masters promoting this great point of economy in their servants is to lessen the objects of it by leaving as little as possible to their own manage ment ; the more of their maintenance they receive in kind and the les , to money the better, as, the less passes through their own the less they can suffer by their own itn provdenee el! misapplication, or tine imposition of others; the greatest degree of which arises tram their being obliged to have recourse to little retail shops, at the double disadvantage of paying the most for the worst corn z"dities. - .. . Every master should be y, ~,R ~ partly in the place of a shopkeeper to his servants, tillt this difference only, that it should be without h i s o, n fain. If they be already indebted to the shopkeepers, and therefore dependent on them, it is t ierhaps the best object of parochial or private charity to extricate them from such debts, the ease of incurring. ..vhich is an additional motive for discouraging those shops ; and the dependence on them, on aecount of debt, is a most grievous oppression, leading to a still grosser imposition : all which, instead of being objections, are further inducements to the above practice of masters. A lesson may here be taken from the grtat school of economy —the army—the chief principle of which is to keep back part of the pay, for the best supply of some of the chief Articles at the cheapest rate; and that which is con d u!. gorily done there tiny be, to (ritual advantage, voluntarily lone here." Truth is now out of favour, but there is no saving tow soon. it may again be brought forward as a pa lam. There will always be in the Legislature a number of the class of reasoners, to whom " Ten rerden Steeple is the cause of Goodwin Sands."— Morning Chronicle. A Correspondent, signing himself " Cautus," 'ets addressed to us a letter, indicative of the tone and spirit which, when speaking of the repeal of the Union, he thinks ought in prudence to be adopted, by those who wish to mfike an impression upon the •ninds of the Irish nation, through the medium of the press of England. It is obvious, that with a view to work upon sober and dieo , sionve me n, the best expedients are those or mild and temperate reasoning. To convince the more instructed class Englishmen, that they ought to look of with in difference, while a faction of all hut avowed revo lutionists are breaking up the whole frame of the United Kingdom, it may be sufficient to put them upon refl , . , eting what would be the altered state of Great Britain, if Ireland were in the hands of a re ly constituted power, at open variance wi!li the British Crown and Parliament. We have heard uninformed Englishmen ask why a separation of he Crowns must follow that of the Legislative authorities, when Ireland had before now a dis inct Legislature, without forcing a disunion of the Crowns ? The answer is, that to prevent that very -atastrophe from occurring, 'England was always compehed to govern the Irish people, as a conquest, —as a province,—or of a realm but nominally inde pendent. Down to the Revolution, Ireland seas ruled by the sword ; from the Revolution to 178', thy prerogative; during the next 18 years, by cor ruption. Of all these periods, that of the miscalled, ind much-lamented independence in trade and po ,itics,—commenced by Mr. Grattan, and closed by 'sir. Put,—was beyond comparison more disgrace fully corrupt and prof' gate, so far as Irish morals ,yere concerned, than either of those which preceded t, or than that of the Union which has followed. Mr. Grattan himself measured with indignant elo quence, the fall experienced by his country after the near 178, by a comparison between the British Parliament, which had formerly exercised according to law, the power of legislation over Ireland," when the greatness of the tyrant qualified the condition of the slave," and the " domesticated and tame tyrant," he Minister of the Crown of England. After Ireland had obtained this precious independence, there were no means of engaging the local Par liament to assimilate its laws to those of Great Bri !nip, or to support the policy of the common Save ieign, but by a downright purchase of the majority of votes ;—a course so depraved, and with reference to mere cost so extravagant, and, in spite of both, so troublesome, and not withstanding every sacrifice of principle, money, and labour, so incomplete and precarious, that a . formal incorporation of the two countries appeared to the British Minister the only practicable method of carrying on a common system of policy, as it did to many conscientious and disin terested Irishmen, the mode least burdensome and least vicious. That the means resorted to by Mr. Pitt, through Lord Castlereagh, for gaining over the majority of the Irish Parliament, exhibited corrup. ,ion in its most gigantic and revolting form, is less disgraceful to those Ministers than to the parties on whose venality they reckoned. Ireland was bought wholesale by Englishmen ; but it was her own children that sold her. The Protestant prosti tuted the vote he had; the Catholic that of which he anticipated the possession. Is it for such another oc casion of recording the public virtue of his couii r men that Mr. O'Connell agitates, implores, or threatens ? Is the risk of such another alternative as that of losing the alliance of Ireland, or of conquer ing or corrupting her, one which Englishmen can or ought to let pass by unheeded ? With regard to Ireland herself, we tell her again, and in deep and 'rue sincerity, that her sole chance of making Fe ;;revs in industry, wealth, knowledge, and general civilization, is by obtaining from this country, not a repeal of the Union, but its honest and complete Nillment. Ireland now enjoys that opportunity of close intercourse anti substantial connexion with Great Britain, which, in the case of a poor indivi dual and a rich one, all men admit must contribute, in far the larger measure, to the benefit of die lereo opulent of the two. Great Britain presents a m Or Irish commodities, twentyfold more tabur:le :t than Ireland does for the richer and more populous country. Ireland can no where be supplied with the manufactured comforts which she requires, o n terms so advantageous as in Great Britain. Ireland can no where sell her cattle or corn for more than three. fourths of the price which Eng land constantly and unfailingly pays her. But let us turn to the other side of the question. It is vehemently insisted on that " England would, in case of a separation, be too w:xe to reject the benefits arising to her from the Irish market,—that -he would continue to purchase Irish corn, for the lake of selling to Ireland her own manufactures in 'etym." The advantage of a commerce with Ire hind is comparative. That commerce is now fos tered and sustained, by sacrificing British commerce with other countries for the sake qf Ireland, which England looks upon as a part of herself, mid there fore entitled to that in many points pernicious pre ference. Ireland now sells her wheat at from 60s. to 705., and the value of Irish prope:ty is raised to As existing level by the unrestrained access afforded for its produce to the craving market of this coun ry. But suppose there was a separation to-mor row, let us ask any man of the least judgment, why should England be disposed to favour the landed interest of Irelemranore than that of Prussia, Po iand, or Odessa ? We really seek but the truth upon this subject, and are most desirous to be cor rected if wrong. The English landlords are already jealous of the facility with which Irish grain, raised on somewhat (though not much) easier terms than that of England, finds its way to the storc-houses of our mer chants. It is no; °riot's, that we could be supplied with corn, cattle, butter, &c., if we chose it, 2, or 30 per cent. cheaper from many parts of the Continent than from Ireland. Then why, we repeat, should not we, if Ireland became a foreign country, withdraw the boon which we have bestowed upon that island, partly to our own loss, partly to the loss of our northern and eastern neighbours, and, either by lowering the deport duties on their produce, so as to bring it below the price of Irish grain, or by laying a duty on the grain, &c. of Ireland, so as to leave the British farmer no rival hut in die continental grower, supply ourselves, without any consideration for those who treat us with contempt, and who return bitter enmity for our friendship. It is said, however, that if we withdraw our market from Ireland, we lose her market, which is the best in Europe, from the amount which it consumes of our manufactures. Is this true as to the necessity of the Irish market to Great Bri tain ? Suppose that England should prefer to buy her corn cheaper than she can procure it from the Irish ports, which she could do from almost every part of Europe, her people would, for the same value for which they now procure (Day) 6,000,000 quarters of Irish corn, obtain 9,000,000 quarters of equally good corn from abroad, and would thus secures greater abundance of food for the same amount of British industry employed in manufactures. Let us look again : 'The landed interest of England, and more especially the labouring classes. of ,England, con ceived thems e l ves to b e muc h aggr i eve d b y the end less influx of Irish poor into this country, and the consequent depreciation in the value of English ' laliour, and reduction► in the rate of wages. Is it to be presumed, that the Parliament of Great Britain would any longer forbear to impose a tax on the entrance of Irishmen into British ports ? or that any impost could be devised so popular among the working classes of our countrymen. Thus we see in this single topic what momentous Irish interests are involved :—The British corn-market and labour market closed at once against the rich and poor of Ireland, —against the grower of corn, and the emi grant reaper. The Irish farmer forced to sell his produce cheap ; and if the Irish Parliament retaliates by protecting duties on manufactures, lie will he forced, ut the same time, to buy his comforts dear. For let it be well understood and re membered, that Ireland cannot find throughout Europe a market half so good as this country for her corn, nor a source whence she can obtain manufacturet' goods so cheap ; while England can every where buy corn cheaper than in Ireland, and can in every country where she buys that corn find a fah indemnity for the loss of the Irish purchaser of bet wares. We cannot at present pursue this argument further—nor need we. Let the Irish labourer who now shouts in phrenzy for O'Connell, and with mad hatred execrates the name of England, bethink him self of the charge of 11. Is. levied on every passenger from Dublin to Liverpool, ere he can set foot on our shores. One word on absentees, and one only. We consider the great proprietors of estates in Ire land to be, morally speaking, the worst of all rest dents for that country. Let the country hut enjoy repose, and money and commercial industry will flow into it. Before the lapse of one generation, a new and incalculably more valuable body of propri etors will be created ; the old estates will be gradu ally broken up by piecemeal transfers into the hands of manufacturers and merchants, and the obsolete aristocracy, as Nvo r Hess and useless a cross of people as any to be found in Europe or out of it, will leave no subject of regret, but that they did not perish sooner. We have not forgotten our pledge of Thurs day last to touch upon the grievance of Ireland, — those grievances, without the redress of which, we do not hesitate to say, that the " repeal of the Union" will be carried. But that we must resume by and by.—Times. We give in another part of this day's paper the latest accounts which have reached us from Poland. The most important part of them respects the Grand Duchy of Posen,—which, it would appear, is not likely . -to rise in aid of the people of Warsaw ; and t buS the latter are deprived of what might have been, and may still be, considered x one great mean, of their making head against the dreadful act of it,- ju,tice which is about to be perpetrated upon them. We think it a matter of some doubt, however, whether a rising in Posen would have actually benefited the inhabitants of `'Warsaw; or even whether a further rising in Austrian Poland would have strengthened their hands. Had such been the case, the insurgent Poles would have had to contend, not with Russia only, but with Prussia and A ustria, to which ought to be added the additional disadvantage, of not only fighting on three different frothiers, but of having to contend with the jealousies of individuals, and the occasional opposition, in point of feeling, of one Duchy toward, another. As the insurrection now stands there is only the Russian force to oppose ; and that force will be opposed by a• population, not only mot e numerous, in proportion, than could have been brought to (bear against the three Powers, but more united, more enthusiastic, and better commanded. The chances are, in fact, more in favour of the people of Warsaw now, than they would have been had they been joined by Prussian and Austrian Poland ; but the odds, eve must say, notwithstanding the opinion to the contrary of our evening coternporary The Sun, are sadly against them. " Though we are not without apprehensions," says it, " for the gallant patriots, still we are fir from looking on their cause as one of extreme desperation. We even think that the chances are equal as to the results of the first en gagement ; for though the Russians may be superior in numbers, they are immeasurably inferior to the ,Poles in asiivity, skill, veteran discipline, and, above all, in the in.- tense energy of their patriotic devotion. The latter well know that defeat will be to them extermination ; that not merely their freedom, but their very name as a nation, are embarked in the struggle ; while the former have no such extraordinary stimulus to inspire them; success will insure them no such advantages, defeat inflict on them no such disasters. Under these trying circumstances, when every soldier in the Polish army must see the necessity of exert ing himself ti the very utmost, as if the fate of his country hung upon his individual exertions, we shall net, we con ceive, err much in our calculation if we set down one Pole as equivalent to two Rus-ians. Granting this, upon the principle of the Shakspearian adage—which expe rience has a thousand times proved to be correct—' Thrice is he armed that bath his quarrel just,' it will be per ceived, that though there be a disparity in point of num bers, the two armies are, in reality, pretty nearly equal as regards strength and power." We cannot altogether agree with this reasoning. the Poles are, indeed, more gallant, more active, more nevoted soldiers than the Russians, and they will be animated in the glorious cause in which they are about to be engaged by a love of country, a desire of independence, and a sense of national wrong, wholly unknown to their opponents ; but our contemporary seems to us to forget that the Russian Generals, and Russian army, have lately had an opportunity of refreshing their knowledge of warfare, and that the Polish have not—that the army of the one is composed of veterans, and that of the other of those who may be considered, in great parr, only volunteers—and, finally, that there is no comparison between the amount of force which can be brought into murderous play by the Autocrat of the Itussias and the insurgent popu lation of Poland. But still, as is most justly observed by oar cotemporary, " should the Poles be defeated in the first encounter, their cause is far from being so hopeless as may at first sight be supposed. Events are working for them in every nook and cranny throughout Europe. Let them but contrive to make a show of opposition for some months to come, no matter how faint or imperfect, and they will scarcely fail to reap the benefit of such perse verance. Russia has many angry spirits to quell, and cannot afford the hazardous monopoly of a Polish war. The claims of Finland—of Persia—of Turkey, are yet unsettled, and here Poland will be revenged as surely as by her own exertions." Ayes let them but make even " a :how of opposition" for some months to come, and their cause is safe— their independence sealed—and all Poland, we will venture to assert, relieved from the dreadful yoke whose weight it has had to sustain since the hi . s infamous partition ; for then Fmnce and England will be equally bound to interfere in favour of the people of Warsaw, as they were in favour of those of Belgium ; and when (Mee the former have been liberated, the Prussian and Austrian provinces will rise in insurrection, and revenge long years of op pression by, we hope, one glorious day of revenge and liberty.—Morning Advertiser. THE PRUSSIAN UNIVERSITIES AND &nonLs.—The sums assigned by the Prussian Govern ment for the maintenance of their six Universities in the year 1329,. were as follow : Berlin, independently of 5,54(1. paid for the sup port of Scientific Institutions £13,150 Bonn 1.1,5;10 Breslau Halle 10,290 Konigsberg: 9,010 Griefswakle 8,3'20 Total C 86,110 These sums go to provide for the current expenses of each institution, and include certain allowances to indigent stu dents, as well as the official salaries of the professors, whose remuneration, however, is principally derived from the fees paid for at'endance upon their pi selections. The gelehrte schulen, or " grammar schools," are also esta blishments subject to the controul of the Government, and supported essentially at the expense of the State. Their number in 1829 was—for Eastern Prussia, 8 ; Western Prussia, 6 ; Brandenburg, 18 ; Pomerania, 6 ; Silesia, 21 ; Posen, 3 ; Prussian Saxony, 22 ; Westphalia, 19; Ju liers, Cleves, and Berg, 12 ; and the Nether Rhine, 17 ; in all, 132. SPECIAL COMMISSION. ABINGDON, JAN. 6. Thoms Machrell, Henry Wooldridge, and Charles Poffley, were placed at the bar, charged with having broken a threshing-machine, the pro perty of Mr. Wm. Spearing, at East Garston, on the 231 of November. The prisoners, who were all agricultural labourers, ire extr,mely decent in appearance. Poffley is a lad of 19, and cannot read ; Wooldridge is older, but equally ignorant ; Mackrell, who is described as being 43 years of age, is able to read and write. The Tress and demeanour of the prisoners were calculated to excite an impression in their favour. Peffley is I well-looking youth, and appeared considerably iff,cted by the situation in which he stood. The Jury convicted the three prisoners. Mr. Justice PARK inquired of the prosecutor whether he would have any objection to take Poffley ,gain into Lis employment ? r. Spearing—None at all, my Lord. Mr. Justice PARK—Poffley, the Court is anxious to proceed with all possible lenity, and, in con sideration of your having received an extremely good character from your master, and as he has kindly consented to take you into his service again, we sentence you (there being no other charge against you) to a fortnight's imprisonment. There was an indictment against the prisoners For the robbery, but Mr. GURNEY declining to press it, a verdict of acquittal was recorded. Wooldridge and Poffley having been removed from the bar, Mackrell was placed at the bar, on a charge of robbing Mr. John Westbury, on the 23d if November, at West Shefford. The Jury found the prisoner Guilty, but recom mended him to mercy, on the ground of the good i_baracter which he had received in this as well as in the preceding case. William Bizzlc, a short stout determined-looking man, 24 years of age, was charged with having on the 24th of November, at the parish of Appleford, assembled with upwards of fifty others, in a riotous ind tumultuous manner, with hammers and other weapons, for the purpose of destroying a threshing machine, the property of Mr. Thomas Steel.— Guilty. Giles Fidler, James radon, George Alleck, Joseph Wiggins, Thos. Mackrell, Richard Kemster, old Remy Wooldridge, were charged with having iroken a threshing-machine, the property of Mr. Thomas Palmer, at East Garston, on the 23d of November. The prisoners were also indicted for robbing the prosecutor of two sovereigns. The Jury returned a verdict of Guilty against all the prisoners, except Giles Fidler, whom they pro nounced Not Guilty. The prisoner (against whom PO evidence was iiffered any more than with respect to his fellows in the indictment for robbing Mr. Palmer) was then discharged, crying with delight. Although he had borne himself with firmness during the whole of the trial, he was unable to sustain unmoved this unex pected turn in his fortunes. William Sawyer was put to the bar, being in dicted for having, with numerous other persons un known, unlawfully assembled at Upton, on the 24th of November, to break the peace. Another count charged him with having assaulted James Smith. Mr. Baron BOLLAND charged the Jury, who found the prisoner Guilty of the riot and assault. Mr. Justice PARK immediately sentenced the pri soner to be imprisoned for two calendar months and to be kept to hard labour. William Hammond and Henry Smith were put to the bar, being indicted for having, with divers others, conspired to destroy threshing-machines, and other machines used for agricultural purposes, and for having, by threats and menaces, extorted money and provisions from divers persons. Other counts charged them with riot, and with assaults on various individuals. 1 he Jury found the prisoners Guilty of the con spiracy charged in the indictment. Russel Strong, William Kinch, Job Whiting, John Keene, Robert Joys, Joseph King, Thomas Keene, George Keene, and Joseph Keene, were put to the bar, being indicted for conspiracy for riot. Other counts charged them with assaults. Mr. Justice PARK charged the Jury, who found all the prisoners Guilty. Robert Grgn was put to the bar, being indicted for having assaulted John Mildenhall, with intent to rob him ; also for having conspired with others to create a riot, and to maltreat the said John Mil denhall. . Verdict —Guilty of the asmault,Not Guilty of the riot, and cf the attempt to rob. William Champion, William Greenaway, David linkup, and James Champion, were put to the bar, being indicted for having, on the 22d of November, at Wallingford,conspired with divers others to break threshing-machines, w create riots, and disturb the peace, to the terror of his Majesty's peaceable subjects. Mr. Justice PATTESON charged the Jury, who found all the prisoners Guilty. Francis Slade and William Sadler were put to the bar, being indicted for having assembled with divers others and created riots. Other counts charged them with common assaults. Aftcr hearing evidence, Mr. Justice PARK charged the Jury, who found both prisoners Guilty. The Court adjourned till nine o'clock to-morrow morning. SALISBURY, THURSDAY, JAN. 6. The trials here proceed but slowly, as far as the number tried is compared with those that remain for trial. It is impossible for any person who has witnessed these trials, and who was present also at those in Hampshire, not to be struck with the great differ• ence in the appearance, manner, and character of the accused in this county, from those of the prisoners in Hants. In appearance, the men here are for the greater part much more hardy and athletic—in man ner they are much bolder and in character, judging from the much more frequent instances of personal viole►;ce, in the mobs which were out " machine breaking," here, than were known in Hants, we would say they are much less restrained in their moral habits. The prisoners here turn to [the wit nesses against them with a bold and confident air; cross-examine them, and contradict their answers, with a confidence and a want of common courtesy, in terms, of which comparatively few instances oc curred at the neighbouring county. Bat in both counties we were struck with one trait—common, unfortunately, to the great mass of the accused in each—a very low state of moral intelligence. There were few of the questions put, or of the defences made (where the parties were unassisted by Coun sel), which did not involve an admission cf the crime, of which, almost in the same breath, they were declaring themselves innocent. We have not had an opportunity of inquiring into the means of instruction amongst the poorer classes in this county, and that which we have left, but if we were to judge from what we have seen on the trials in both, we should say, that they are extremely limited, or that those whose duty it is io make them available to the poor have been grossly remiss in the dis charge of that important trust, We are sorry to add to these remarks, that not withstanding the strictness with which punishment has been awarded in most of the convictions here (and to those who have watched the progress of the proceedings it will not appear too !,evere), the crime of incendiarism is not yet put down in the c ounty. Accounts reached Court in the early part of this day, that a fire, supposed to be the act of an a inn e : diary, took place last night Cheverell, n stacksv.iz e i s a , r l sa v ddij N o s d ! tg i a r,e,ae public-house utos totally ticu ri and several consumed. p el r e e r a e d i i r r itehk par oculars a barn, filled with firewood, was also consumed. What leads to the supposition► that this was also the ct of an incendiary is, that Mr. Edmonstone, the gentleman to whom the property belonged, is a Magistrate who distinguished himself by his activity in apprehending some of the parties engaged in the late riots in this county. James Lane, Charles Davis, John Rose, Henry Rose, Giford North, John Romaine, Thomas His co ck, James Borden, William Rivers, James Love, Isaac Pavel!, Charles Cooke, Thomas Gilbert, and Joseph Marchment, were indicted for wounding Robert Pyle, with intent to kill and murder him. In a second count, with intent to do him some grievous bodily harm.—Acquitted. Wird North, James Lane, John Rose, henry Rose, Joseph Marehment, Charles Davis, George Smith, Thomas Hiseocks. Win. Rivers, Isaac Pavel!, John Romaine, George Etnens, James Burden, and Charles Cooke, were indicted for having feloniondy robbed Miss Mary Pyle, on the 22d of November, of a 10/. note, her property. The prisoners were part of the mob concerned in the outrages before mentioned, and Miis Pyle stated that the mob said they would kill her brother, and that they would beat the house down as well, unles , she gave them money. Finding they were determined to have money, and fearing they would again ill treat her brother, she gave Gifford North a 10/. Bank note, upon which the mob quitted the pre mises. Miss Pyle identified North, Lane, Dtivis, John Rose, Henry Rose, Rivers, and George Smith, as having been sorae of those who hud been in the house when the money was extorted from her. A labourer, who was acquainted with North, stated that North told him Miss Pyle had given him a 101. note, and that he was the first who en tered the house. Several witnesses corroborated the testimony of Miss Pyle, and identified the prisoners. They also proved that the mob effected their entrance into the house by breaking open the door. En the course of the trial, Mr. H ALCOMB submitted that there was not suf ficient proof as to the description of the note, and therefore that there was no case to go to the Jury Mr. Baron VAUGHAN-Mr. Attorney, there is no evidence ►which touches Marchmenr, Cooke, Pavell, Burden, Hiscock, and Romaine : there is no case against them. Mr. ATTORNEY-GENERAL (after a little considera tion, and an examination of the evidence.)—My Lord, I must consent to the acquittal of those parties. They were then acquitted, and removed from the bar. Mr. Baron VAUGHAN then summed up the evi dence, asit affected the seven prisoners who remained. The Jury found Gifford North Guilty, and ac quitted all the rest of the prisoners. The Court adjourned at seven o'clock to nine to-morrow. At the sitting of this Court this morning, Mr. Justice ALDERSON, adverting to the circum stances which were stated to the Court after the conviction of Looker yesterday, (for sending a threatening letter), obser►ed, that on considering all the circumstances, he thought it right that the prisoner should be put on his trial on the other in dictment for a similar offence, and then he would have an opportunity of putting forward his son or any other evidence he might have withheld on the trial yesterday. Ile (Mr. Justice Alderson) would not try the case. It would be taken by one of his learned brothers in the other Court. Robert Stokes, aged 30, Robert Willoughby, aged 28, and Anzinadab Smith, aged 35, wt re put to the bar, charged with destroying a threshing-machine, the property of Wm. Smith, of Highworth. The prisoners were acquitted. Elias Kettle, Charles Lane, Joseph Chubb, alias Harvey, George Green, William Every, Levi Aid lard, William Pottle, Thomas New, Elias Thorn, and Samuel Riemond, were next put to the bar, charged with having riotously and tumultuously de stroyed a threshing. machine, the property of Charles Lane, on the 24th of November. The prisoners made no defence. They were all found Guilty. A record of the conviction of the prisoner Ket tle, for felony, for which he had been sentenced to twelve months' imprisonment, was put In and read. J. Chubb and T. Foote were again put to the bar, charged with having destroyed a threshing-' machine, the property of George Woolridge, on the same day as in the former indictment.—The Jury found both prisoners Guilty. Charles Kimmer, aged 24, was indicted for as saulting James Self. The prisoner was found Guilty. Jeremiah West, Uriah West, and George Coombs, were indicted for breaking a threshing-machine at Broad Chalk, on the 24th of November. Jesse Rumbold is a farmer, and had part of a threshing-machine, which had been taken to pieces from alarm. The water-wheel was put under water, and the cast-iron concealed in a field. The mob came, and the prisoners were amongst them. Saw the prisoners in the field, and the mob broke all that remained of it. The roof had been broken in taking it down. Had broken the wheel before they came, for fear of having it set on fire and endangering his premises, and without the wheel the engine could not be worked. The prisoners were acquitted, on the ground that this was not a threshing-machine at the time of the breaking. Adjourned at seven o'clock to nine to-morrow. LAW INTELLIGENCE. CONSISTORY COURT, JAN. 6. TOMLINSON V. TOMLINSON. This was a proceeding for divorce, instituted by Georgiuna, the wife of Mr. John Tomlinson, of St. Marylebone, against hits, on the ground of cruelty and adultery. Sir HERBERT JENNER (with whom was Dr. Adslams) stated the marriage between the parties to have taken place on the 10th of September, 1818. Adverting to the proof of adultery, the Learned Counsel submittei, not only that it was completely established by the evidence before the Court, but that it constituted a case of the grossest profligacy on the part of the husband. Feeling that the parti culars were not fit to be laid before the public, he should abstain from enterin g into any detail of the evidence, unless the Court should consider that any part of it called for observation from him, and I,e was induced to take this course, not from any deli cacy towards Mr. Tomlinson, whose conduct had been so flagrant, but to avoid the possibility of in jury to the aggrieved party. He (Sir H. ,leaner) also considered that the charge of cruelty, though of a less aggravated character, was sufficiently proved, and that Mrs. Tomlinson was amply entitled to the remedy or divorce she prayed. No Counsel appeared on behalf of the husband. The COURT (Dr. Lushington) fully concurred in the opinion that the proof of the adultery was clear and undoubted. The counsel for Mrs. Tomlinson had abstained from entering into the details of this most flagitious transaction, from respect to the feel ings of those who were injured by the guilt of the husband, and the same motive would operate to wish i to save un derstood that it did this, not from ally d is grace he de served. de tericotl a h r e e . Court T hefrom Court,advertinghowever, wishedfu l t to t o the h par Me. Tomlinson from any part of 1atold: theread'at rhte his olfY c hi O ol : Tomlinson) to the andwitneises,. evidenceofon cruelty that pointstood lthe crime of which say, that he felt bound to but, taken in conjulic aggrava e l o ces of the case, he S o d e f u r c t v : l t e l t n it t eiltirirrieeto:(o:Diitiory; greatlyi did Lushington)atd r y e f s a t palliate he alone migh were sufficiently tconsi:ldte,htibritiaeleevidees:uhbtghteenuaectinoil ettybqnho.ctelytrehslotc-licfioaricidltiauahrtbneg!‘: charges st charge v sus tainedtion in evidence, and he therefore pronounced for the divorce as prayed. The question of permanent alimony was, after some little discussion, directed to stand over till the next court. MARKE T INTELLIGENCE. LONDON MARKETS. - 1 (From the London New Price Current of yesterday.) Sycas. —The demand for Sugar has been general and extensive ; the prices are fully Is. higher this week mak ing the Market 3s. above the late lowest point. The esti mated sales during the week are 3,700 hlids. and trs. In the Refined Market there is much firmness, and there would be buying to sonic extent but for the advance which lus taken place. The increased demand for all descrip tions of Refined Goods in this Market formerly noticed has continued, and a considerable portion of business has been done at an improvement in prices of Is. per cwt. on the low and mid. shipping, and Is. to 2s. on the Fine Grocery descriptions ; for the fine descriptions for shipping also, say goods entitled to the double refined bounty, there has been a good deal of ingairy, and 6d. per cwt. higher prices has been given, and a good many transactions have taken place ; of crashed a few sales have been made, hut higher prices are now demanded, the lowest descriptions being now Lehi for 295. EAST INDIA SUGAR.—The sales early in the week 883 hags Mauritius, the prices were fully Is. higher; 443 Bengal low to good white 265. a 315., 239 Siam 225. a 255. 6d. This day's sale 1,494 bags Mauritius, 1,111 hags Bengal, and 2,000 hags Manilla; the Mauritius sup ported prices, the Bengal and Manilla were rather lower. FOREIGN SUGAR. —The only purchases this week are small parcels of Hayannah Sugar, flue yellow 265., and tine brown 225. COFFEE.—By private contract this week there have been rather extensive purchases of Jamaica Coffee; the prices are still more firm. The estimated purchases lately by private contract are about 2,000 bags, chiefly Brunt coionry :35e. a 365., and fine 375. This day by public sale 130 casks. 310 bags British Plantation Coffce, the treater proportion Berhice and Demerara ; the few lots irn-iica sold with great briskness and rather higher, the Berbice at full pi ices, the Demerara we believe was taken in. RUM, BRANDY, AND HOLLANDS.-The demand far Ruin has been checked by the late advance and the firm ne-s of the holders, who do not appear inclined to sell even at the present advanced Market currency. There are more inquiries for Brandy, but no sales to any extent. Geneva iinvaried. The purchases which have transpired at a late hour this day are Lceavards, three over at ls. 9d., fire over at Is. I Od., very good Jamaica 30 to 33 over 2s. 10 I. and a parcel of inferior quality 2s. 81. luntoo.—The East India side is at present declared for 6,500 chests, of which 800 have been withdrawn. It is not believed there will be much alteration as to quantity. There are no purchases to report. COTTON.—The Cotton market continues steady, but the purchases are inconsiderable on account of the season of the year preventing the export. The sales of Cotton are-130 Bengal, good fair 411; 1,030 Surat., ord. 4 1 _1., mid. 41,1. thes.—At public sale yesterday Sperm Oil sold 4/. to Si. under the market price, good 78/. a 791.; South Sea ' Oil 18/. to 52/., which is 11. to 21. under the market , rates ; we cannot, however, lower our quotations to tne prices of the public sale. .• Ric r.—By public sale on Tuesday 2,000 bags Bengal .z . Rice, Patna kind, sold in part at 17e. 6d. This day 1,200 bags East India Rice were advertised, but they were all disposed of previously by private contract, for Bengal lls. 4d. Patna kind at 17s. TEA.-13ohexa in large chests may now be had at Id. per lb. discog I nt ; in other descriptions there is no alteration. PRICES OF HOPS.—Jan. 7. Os. 9/. 9g. to 141 Hs. 1,-,11 71. 15s. Si. Si. to B'. 155. ; 1 4 81 01 .. Os. os. 1 4 6 /1 1 .. t t o o 20 10/ 1 .. 0/. Os. 9/. Os. to 151. Os. litot Essex Ditto Swum: Ditto — 7 l. 71. 100. to 8/. Os. Old Duty on last year's growth announced to be £05,047 8 14. Kent Pockets...—. . 81 , Fsex Ditto Fpgrx Ditto Ft/ rLam Ditto, Fine*. Seconds ...—....—. riticif. OF OIL. Ape Oil, brown 6s. Refined 6 in,eed Oil - Linseed Oil Cake at the Mill, per thousand Rape Cake, per ton J./ NJ 11 0 0 0 WHITECHAPEL HAY MA 11K ET.—Jan. 6. 1-I.ty 54.. Od. to 54.. Od. (lover o+l. to 100 s. Od. Otl. to 34,. Od. PRICE OF POTATOES,—Jan. 3. ~14', Kidneys . 0/. Os. to 51. O. per ton. Scotch Reds ---.......... 41. 10s. to 01. Os. ditto. ~•_. ...;: Marsh Champions 4l. 10s. to 01. es. ditto. Oxnebles and Shares .. —3/. ss. to 3/. 10s. ditto. LtANV MIDKS. Per Stone. $. el. to s. d. Per Stone. s. et to e. d. Best Heitqrs&Steere2 10 3 0 Ordinary 110 2 6 Middlings— .2 4 2 1:1 Market Calf w 6 6 each. SHEEP SKINS. Polled `2s. 6d. to 48.0 d. I Dawns 15.6 d. to 2s, 6(1. Welch Is. al. to Is. 44 Lk:ATH Per lb. d. to d. Tanned Horse Hides., 15 IS Sparnah Ditto 20 23 Per dozen. Calf Skine...% to Vib. IS IS Ditto 50 to 701 b. 20 2 6 Ditto 70 to 801 b. 18 2 1 Sin all Seals, Greenland 201 2li PRICES OF Per lb. d. to d. Butts 50 to 15 22 Ditto to 6011,..... 16 23 Dregr,ing Hidca 16 18 Fine Coach Hides --. 14 16 Crop Hideri, 35 to 401 h. 13 14i Ditto., to 451 b 14 16 Ditto PRICE OF RAW FAT, per stone of 81b.—Jan. 7. Price of Tallow (as stated by the lallow Melters) PRICE OF TALLOW, S Town Tallow nog. Od. Yellow —48 s. Od. White Soap Ditto 455. Melted Stuff Od. Ditto Itough 22s. Od. OAP, &c. per 11211).—Tan. 7. Yellow Gls. co. Alott led 70c Od. Whit 7*2.a. Gras e 8 141. Good Oa' PRICE. OF CANDLES. The price of store Candles, in the retail shops, is as follows Candles, per doz. 7s. Od. to Ss. Od. I Moulds, per dozen ..,...S.ed• COAL NIAIII Adair's tier:tallow .. 33 0 Holywell... • 34 0 Orit's Iledhugh 31 6 ['elate l'ontop Windsor—...... 30 0 ranfiel 4 West Hartley .-- 31 11 Willington Wylam Walls End Bell and Co. 31 0 Ditto Bell Bolison to Co. 36 0 WallsEndllewicke&Co. 36 9 Walls End Brown's .. 5l 6 Ditto Callerton 30 6 Ditto (7rainlingtiiii 3l 0 Walls End Gosfortli 37 0 Walls End Hilda 34 3 Walls Lnd Hotspur— 35 9 at market, 78,,4-3hi, KET.—Jan. 7. Walls End Nevinarch— 36s 6d• Ditto Indic-11's —...... 38 2 Walls End Russell's— 38 9 „ Ditto Walker. 3B u Eden Main . 3B 2 Wallst:: . Lyons. oi ~ i ietton . 8 56 2 Latnbton rriurrose —.... 36 u Walls End Hettou ........., 38 0 Walls End Larnbton 37 9 Walls End Stewart's .... 38 u 31V. 17,. E n W. E. Cleveland 33 ~ Ditto Ilaverland. . 30 : Covvpen.,....--....* 31 ° Hartley Halbenth . _ . 30 " 3 Walls New Floekton, Milne and Co. _ , 32 6 ►old, 39/4.---Unsold, 39!4• N MARKETS DURING THE AVI:tIC. C 11). -- )3, - ans. do owet F.rl 42 ~,4 4 'Lo n :34 •"" Th e I 3g 5g tOn . 2 s f elderm, 3 6 4 0 _land 48 4 2 5 0 44 4 ""ef • 464, • It °iew, c 28 F 4 G 42 44 With E 44ti 34 fated into n 9 4- 46 32 - 46 - 42 38 — 44, 38 32 44 a s. d. s• 00 ° Wheat. Barley. Oats. 40 44 26 37 30 43 2' 3J 3 40 34 44 43 46 2 • 42 34 46 a) 37 23 39 35 39 30 40 25 32 20 25 21 :IL 22 26 24 26 22 30 27 31 21 32 19 30 21 27 '24 3e 23 27 21 30 ewh words : :2.i irtr: Gr eek _ a ' , lnch i, etionary Phrases,: ~.,:voved it ‘ , , tii on ' s 1:1,11 Antics, I. I'4IA nKEr. —Jan. 4. „t, -,`,lck - sL ai Oatmeal at this day's here", — letton r 1 at an advanae of 2a. on ,' `'block a b (.4,,„, 11) „ 1 °ck . Per Stone of 141 h. ImP.,, ;1 --', Iv' First Oatmeal £0 - 0 11 °1. lltaa! Second ditto Ilarleymeal ..... Peasemeal C,„ A nrac e , ;;;; .--2.1. 16 1 .-3 d, 20 „ . _r o all'="' feat Edi , BIRTHS. )4,,, a rne . `", tr In Grosve nor- p lace, the lad y of M a jor - Gener al E3v Th* no Or CAL, of a daughter. T„lne, ' lace, On the 4th inst. at Penvince, the lady of the B e °. Cl i °te:, n ,, dl William Nunn, of a son, who only survived his birth I ( y i p's E 4,t0 ....... few hours. , nal, di, MARRIED.,.4itei,t, dit, On the 6th in , t. at Beverley, Yorkshire, the Be'' . N a kTe: George P. Richards, late Fellow of King's College, lin ; f : l l ::,,t,,La l t l e bridge, and Rector of Sampford Courtenay, Dev"' Be'. L'atfil'il,klei Emma Mary S. A. Eyre, eldest daughter of the Be' . '''cond — r ei " ... m i Jatnes Eyre. On the 27th ult. at the B r iti s h E n V o ' s a t Bernet P. J. ' ''''s-- I '' ' Brown, Esq., of Th un , to ElizabethyMartha Caroline' eldest daughter of J. H. Aches Icy, Esq. banister -at-1317' ip NI of Bath. DIED. th e 1 , 4 Dr. On the 6th inst. Mary, wile of Charles P. Jones, ni c k n o , e üblic aged On th gton, SO. t e 6th inst. at K ens i n John Alexander , sti. . qiea 10 S PRitl e , aged 70. v 0 1:.• Ilt 3 On the 4th inst. at Thirkleby, Yorkshire, Sir T. " 3 '-ii l Yßes's land, Bart. F. R. S. F. L. S. F. 11. S. .... A in rte th 3 ' fl ak On the 4th inst. in Wimpole-street, Amy An"' .15,1- 4 ,_tti,V:, •011'Y'll C wife of A. Askew, Esq. °hef t t l4 4's s ' l On the 6th inst. in York-terrace, the Rev. Dr. it i i x 3 Pcs,, C l Thomson, of Long-stowe-hall, Cambridgeshire. ,„ o f . Ilita.. e • J On the 7th inst. in Vigo-street, Mrs. Collins, la te 4 , 614 e mat Hackney, aged 6 . a. ...,.. 4.. 4of ‘, .----, A_, l4 4de t Ik ---------- Ivrp,nrt VrITTNG . P 4 'q vs, PRINTED AND Punt.istizn AY II& IJ LW,/ .1,....,•,..- , eB, 6.lup i , Tim SUN OFFICE, 112, STRAND, LONDOS. 1;) 3.4 21 25 18 26 22 26 21 30 20 24 a. d. s. d. 60 74 65 72 54 74 46 72 54 72 60 68 64 72 74 77 66 70 60 66 58 68 72 74 66 70 60 75 50 78 5t3 55 '7O 56 68 4S 76 60 61 s. d. s. d. 40 9 11 6 t the Piri This those w and i n Rob e L ondon, Who Present dtietion a nd Ed, let j Th Lio n of t r econotal school b VOr) wi( "Dr. Lagting highest 2 . SI ANALE bt A z' Ll ti Y, c i a e i r ~ Thi s Gr et k Dahe r't ext fr on lash ; a br snee wo rds dr careful it Pits of This w ` . "in Del 9 . 'VII and Relect terpretati, " Th e an eXcelle Peculiar h th e metre, 'endi ng „ th at T er hi , Ure. t n i, to ~ l ag e • COUNTRY CO. Per Quarter. Ashburn B ,ingstoke B all liridgewatcr Bristol Chesterfield Derby Devizes Doncaster D0rche5ter...,..,,...: litingerford Newbtsry...—;., Itomsey Shaftesbury --. Shepton Mallet Taunton Yeovil Per Bushel. Shrewsbury EDINBURGH MEA We had a middling supply of which met with a good demand and on the retail. 1 er Sack of 2801 b. Imp. First Oatmeal second ditto Barleymeal ............... lO CI Pe:iserneal ................ 1 10 0 Pot Barley—No. I, per cwt. 14 26 41 31 37 :A 42 32 39 '22 40 30 36 S. (i. S. d. 59 07 1 I