The Sun. — London, England, 1827-10-04 00:00:00

SPIRIT OP Tllt MbLit JOURNALS. I It is gratifying to every real lover of his coun-! try to observe the interest which his Royal High 4 mess the Duke of Clarence takes in re-animatingi .the spirit and promoting the welfare of the navy. It is the more gratifying, on account of the pre vious mismanagement or neglect which hadnearly paralysed that arm of our national defence. l', • is not long since we felt it our duty to expose! the vicious system of patrona.ge which was de) grading the service, and , disheartening its ablesV 'officers, by preferring the recommendations- ofl i Parliamentary influence and family connection WI the claims- of veteran bravery and estahlished merit=but it was not merely the evils of this! system of patronage that the gallant defendersi of their country.had to endure.., There was " -contumely of office," a pragmatical supercili-1 ousness which they had to encounter ) that Per-1 haps:was . more sorely felt, as hying More galling' to the spirit of honourable men, than even the' deprivation of their hard-earned reward. Ho..t. different are matters now ! Instead of a clerk or secretary dispensing the smile of favoritism, or the frown of cold disdain, as it suited his inte rests or his temper, the Heir PresumptiVe to the Barone, in his station of -Lord High Admiral, 'receives personally every officer, from the highest, to the lowest in the Navy, who haS any applica-I tion to make, and receives them with an affabi- . lity of address and kindness of !manner that win . universal esteem and respect. What a contrast' does his example exhibit to the?..riogance and cox :combry which the unpatronized veterans of the greatest merit had long to endure from the under- . ling's in office! But the condescending demean our which the Lord High Admiral observes to wards the subalterns of the Navy is not inoic deserving of praise, than the ardent and unre mitting activity which lie displays in the personal inspection of every thing connected with the ser vice, and the opportunities which he seizes of .recalling the.recollections of .that heroism which. it is his pride and ambition to restore. Nothing, could be done in a style better calculated to make the impression which he desired than his :speech, the other' day, on presenting the Royal Marines with a pair of colours. His eloquence aimed at no finery of rhetoric, but it had that manly tone and - natural energy about it which is 'sure to gain the hearts of men. His Royal. Highness did not disdain to, enuinerate, the ex ploits of that branch of the service which was then arrayed,before him, or to acknowledge the share which the predecessors of those whom liee addressed had in the great and happy struggle which " secured his family on the throne of 'these realms." Under such a chief, we have the ,greatest reliance that the British Navy will be raised from the enfeebled and. m ouldering state into which it had fallen, and recover that spirit and effectiveness which always, when the hour of danger arrived, justified the enthusiastic con fidence of the . country. The Lord High Ad miral has only to proceed as he has begun, at tending personally to the arrangements of the service, and exciting its heroism, and he will soon repair the Mischiefs which a different sys tem would, 'in course of time, have rendered • irretnevable.—Morning ,Herald. The Committee on Emigration from the Uni ted Kingdom have published a third Report which runs to considerable length, with a mas of evidence obtained from all parts of the Unite( Kingdoms. We insert to-day part of the Re port, and shall give the conclusion, with some parts of the evidence, in succeeding numbers. It is admitted on all hands, that Ireland is the root of all evil, and that all attempts to grapple with the redundant population of England and Scotland must be hopeless, till a remedy is ap plied to Ireland. The condition of the people of Ireland and that of the people of Britain are rapidly becoming identical ; and if we cannot • contrive to raise the Irish population to the level of the English;lthe English must descend to the level of the Irish. Ireland then becomes the point to which our attention must first be directed. • And here the Committee state in the outset, "that the evils of a population furnishing an ex . tees Of labour : above the dernands for it, contain within themselves a self-producingand self-aggra vating principle; and that so long as no measures are taken to - restrain them, they must not only continue to exist and increase; but by their very existence must prevent the introduction of that capital, which, - if introduced, would diminish•the redundancy, by establishing a greater equality between the supply of,labour and the effective demand. Under the present circumstances, the opinion entertained of the insecurity of property , in Ireland, arising - from the state of the popula tiOn, must operate as a most effectual discourage ment ; that is to say, no person will be disposed to establish large manufactories, or to make great agricultural improvements in a country which has been, and may again be the scene of insurrectionary movements . . . . A re ference both to the evidence before your Com mittee, and to the .eyidence already presented to Parliament by the Committee appointed to con • cider the state (~f Ireland, will prove that many of • the most alarming insurrectionary movements have either originated • with ' tenants dispos sesSed of their farms, or have been mate , riallY aggravated in their extent and duration by the discontent and wretchedness of this • class of the population," &c. Mr. Malthus estimates the population of Ireland at this time at about' seven millions and a half. It is admit ted by all the witnesses, that a very large propor . tion of this population is • redundant. When speaking of England, the redundancy may be described as local, being chiefly confined to seven :or eight counties. But in Ireland we must esti mate the redundancy by millions. The Com mittee state,. that " from the uniform tenor of the evidence;given by the Irish witnesses, it ap pears that there is now among the Landowners of Ireland a growing conviction (already almost universal) of the mischief of the system of an undeoenantry, and of the excess of population which attends it. They are satisfied that the best chance for the improvement of their estates, and the amelioration •of the condition of the people, is the removal of this grievance by the • ejectment of that excess of tenantry under the precautions which the late Act affords against its recurrence. In many parts of'lreland, and those obviously the most crowded, this process is con stantly and extensively in force, checked oplyii some cases by motives. _of, hifinanity, -and the • dread of immediate disturbances of the peace. The miserable beings thus dislodged, find them selves without resource or refuge. - ,They first make an.attempt to establish themselves on the next estate upon theaame footing ; if that expe dient fails, With the trifling pocu.mary,inean_ s de rived fr oni the remission of their rents, and the sale of th e stock which their landlord may relin quish, they proceed to the nearest bog, or to a, neighbouringstoWn ; the little money acquired by these means is „ on . scarce ly to'be obtai n ed, and theentemployment is most abject existence is suppoit - e'd by the assistance of the establish-, ments for the suppression of mendicity, and the Government, which contributes to provide funds' for the pauper. In the towns distress accumulates: in proportion as it decreases in the country, whilst a proportion of vagrants is gathered together in state of misery, thereby affotditig Materials for dis orderant4ritne-." The Committee referto the evi detict of Mr. Dixon, an extensive land agent, as to the practical difficulty of effecting ejeetments. On turning to Mr. Dixon's evidence, we find he states; that in the toWer part of Westmeath the landlord ) Were he to remove. the people' on the laYi& could not get any person to take it. " I could not," he says, " get my Bailiff to dis train." " There is a farm Sir Thomas Chap- • man has, of about t`,o acres ; it. has, been out of lease for 'some time past, and I was obliged to lit it by the year to the family of the man . who died, in the Barony of Moyeashell ; I could not. get any other to take it." "I am going to tell the Committee a.fact as to what I have done for a few years past, and that Sir Thomas Chapman did not know of ; when people gOt into arrear I was to eject them, and I put another name in, as if I set it to another man ; I did it in three instances, and the family are still in posiession ; when they don't' pay and are in great arrear, Sir Thomas orders to eject them:; I have told him I would, told him that I had set it to another man, and I have done that ; I know that Sir Thomas does not know the fact, but I tell it to the Com mittee; I don't want to mention it as a secret. " Why did' you do that ?--4 saw the disposition of the country ; and although Sir .Thomas gave me his orders, I thought I did better fbr all parties in this way.. What did you appre hend if you carried the orders into execution ? I would not get any one to take it. Why ? They would be afraid to take it. Why ?—lt is the Captain, Rock' system in Ireland: I was asked about the driver the other day, that is, the Bailiff; he is a confidential man I have in the different baronies ; I could not get him to drive latterly for me.. Do you thing: this disposition to resist the landlord is likely to ,zncrease or to give way to the landlord's efforts ? —I think it is increasing in Westmeath. —Do you not think it is i ncreasing in other parts of Ireland ?—From hearsay, I belieVe it is." Here then, is the grand difficulty. The popu lation is greatly redundant; the landlord would willngly get rid of the superfluous people on his lands, but Captain Rock will not allow him. Captain Rock ties the hands of those landlords who would not be deterred by a feeling of hu manity; and thus the redundant population re mains, becoming regularly more redundant. For it is to be always borne in mind, that the lower the condition of the population, the greater the tendency to increase in numbers, till positive famine intervenes. It would appear that the greater increase is produced net only by early marriages, but by the tendency of poor living to increase the fecundity of the female.. For in stance, it is stated in the evidenee,that— " The Irish women are possessed of greater fecundity than the Scotch, producing generally about one-fourth more children than the latter." Mr. DixoN, speaking of the Irish peasantry, says— "De you think there is anything in the misery and po verty of the people, such as you have described in the county of Westmeath, which prevents the people from mar rying? Nothing ; they will marry, no matter what their poverty is; they marry very young, and that is the greet• ev. Do you conceive tha'l there is still going on a consi derable increase of population?—Yes, I dp. " You think, therefore, that the evil, as fur as it is in volved in excess of population, is an increasing evil?— Certainly it is ; the peasant mill marry when he is young; he never thinks of being better off, and they have large families. * * ♦ U " Are you aware of any new causes now operating in Ireland that have a tendency to cheek this progressive increase of population ?--No, indeed, lam not ; I don't know of any. Can you contemplate any thing that can remedy the evil, other than removal of a certain portion of these un employed persons ?—I don't think . there is any other ; I can think of no other." Thus then we find, that the removal of re dundancy from England, would only increase the emigration from Ireland to England ; that the seat of :the evil is Ireland ; that there is an enormously redundant population in that country, which operates as a bar, to all attempts to raise the condition of • the Irish, and will bring down the English to the Irish level ; that that redun dancy is increasing, in spite of the disposition of landlords to clear their lands, from their inability to cope with. Captain Rock, and consequently that the condition, of the population of Ireland is constantly growing worse. How then do the Committee propose to get over the difficulty.? There being an enormous redundancy in Ire land, and a large addition, and that constantly increasing, making to it every year, it is obvious that a very large deduction from the existing po pulation, instantaneously made, would alone be adequate to arrest the evil, and open a door to improvement. But here the Committee are without means. They propose only an experi mental emigration for two or three years, of a number of persons, bearing but a small propor tion, net to the redundancy, but even to the ad dition making every year to the population, on the supposition that there is no cause in opera tion in Ireland at present to prevent the increase. We do not see how they could propose the re moval of more people, because the experiment, as they say, requires time, as preparations must be made for the reception of the emigrants, and a foundation be laid in the Colonies for the re ception of increasing numbers. But let us keep in mind, that during this experiment the evil is, proceeding at an accelerated rate , an d that there is abundant evidence before the Committee that, leaving Ireland entirely out the question, there is a greater number of hands in the English agri cultural counties without employment, than the whole number the Committee proposes to re move. The Committee propose to remove in all— In 1828-9 only 4,000 families. In 1829-30 6,000 families. In 1830-1 9,000 families. Iti all 19,000 families, or, allowing five to each family, 95,000 individuals, and the expence on which they calculated is 1,140,0001. "It may, perhaps, be observed (say the Committee), that the removal of 19,000 families would produce little effect in remedying the redundancy of any superabundant portion of the population in the mother-country.; and your Committee feel that it would be extremely difficult, if not dangerous, to attempt to lay down with any pretensions to accuracy, the precise number of the population which it might be necessary to remove for such a purpose. The progress of the.measure would furnish the best commentary on that point ; but under any circumstance it would be ne cessary to commence with comparatively small numbers, and to increase them progressively. The principle of in crease in this hypothetical proposition is, that each suc ceeding year should carry out emigrants in the ratio of four, six, and nine ; in other words, increasing in the proportion of one half, as compared with the number of the preceding year; and it appears to your Committee, from the neces sity of food preceding population, that whatever number may be selected for the experiment of the first year, the successive emigration must be regulated by some principle of this nature." It, would, therefore, seem that the plan of coping with the redundant population, by means Of a graduated emigration, is something like the plan of paying off the National Debt by a Sinking Fund, during an expensive war, when every year the Loan raised increased in a ratio much greater than that of the Debt paid off. It is, in fact, the race. of the Tortoise and the Hare increaseis fairly impossible through want of food.—Morning Chronicle. Our city article represents some proceedings taken, or beginning to be taken, on the part of country bankers, against the introduction of brand; banks in various districts. For our own parts, we . certainly, do . not wholly approve of the proceedings of the Bank of. Eng land in the internal management of its con cerns ; but we view the general system of pri vate banking with much more suspicion and dread. Country banks, as banks of deposit to the timid inhabitants of a neighbourhood who might fear to retain disposable. cash in their houses, might be tolerable—perhaps useful : but when the object to which these deposits is ap plied is to enable the farmer to keep his crop from market till prices are raised, then internal mischief begins ; whereas the general employ ment of Bank capital is the promotion of com merce, the Bank of England having hitherto in terfered but little, comparatively, in rural con cerns. But it may be asked, will not these branch banks supply and propagate all the local mischiefs (for there are many , besides that which we have specified) resulting from country banks ? Undoubtedly this is a point very much to be apprehended, and should be watched and guard ed against, not by the Bank of England itself — for that, of course, will look only to its re turns,—but by the public at. large, and by those who watch over the interests of the State. However, it should be observed, that the at tention at head-quarters in the Bank of Eng land being chiefly fixed upon commercial and manufacturing speculations, and the general funds of the corporation being appliad to these objects, there is, we should hope, less reason to apprehend the misapplication of the gains arising from provincial establishments to injurious purposes of local aggrandizement. The blood which is sent out from the centre to the extremities will return in due circulation to the centre again, invigorating, indeed, the remote regions, but not allowing them s to protrude into excrescences, or swell into morbid tumours. But a passage in our city article amuses us much. The country bankers, it is stated, are accusing the London Bank of air, attempt " to monopolize the currency of the country." The country bankers, then, and the Bank in Threadneedle street, are debating to whom appertains the cur rency of the realm ! Where, then, we ask, is George IV., King of England, and where are his loyal subjects ? If there be a right belonging to Royalty exclusively, it is that of being master of the circulation. Here are two curs quarrelling for a bone to which neither has a right. We should say to both of them,—" Shagtails, be off: that which you are snarling for is the prey of the lordly mastiff."—The following is the extract from the City Article referred to : It has been the subject of frequent remark in the city with what apathy the private bankers, both in town and country, have regarded the recent proceedings of the Bank of England ; and how long they have remained passive under the adoption of measures which must tend so mate rially to curtail their influence, and to reduce the profits of their trade. This forbearance has at length reached its limits, and a considerable number of the leading country bankers are at this moment in London, whose object is understood to be that of organizing a system of measures, for effeetual resistance to the growing influence of the Bank of England. - Their interests they consider to be in the most direct manner invaded by the establishment of the branch banks, since the plan, if vigorously pursued, (and its patrons in the Bank-parlour make no secret of the ex tent of their views), threatens the extermination of the present system of country banking, together with a mono poly of the currency of the country. . The indications of such ambitions views on the ' part of the Bank Directors will be held no longer doubtful, whenever it is considered that the original grounds for the establishment of branch banks—that of assisting those parts of the country where the credit of the banks had most suffered—has been departed from, and that they have fixed themselves in towns where credit was preserved . during the whole of the panic, :and where the existing banks had been proved quite adequate to the wants of the commer cial communities among which they were placed. The more intelligent proprietors of country banks are willing wough, -we believe, to admit that defects existed in the established method of provincial banking; but they all contend that those defects were capable of being reformed, and that at all events the destruction of a system of so long standing, and so deeply-rooted in the habits of the people, is a measure of great harshness and severity, were nothing taken into the account bUt its effects on their own interests ; but that it is much More to be deprecated when it involves, by the extension.of the branch banks which are to be raised upon their ruin, the most serious consequences, in their opinion, to the country also. No plan of proceed ing appears yet to have been organized on the part of the provincial bankers, but they have solicited an introduction 'to the Committee of London bankers, which has been granted, and preliminary conferences have taken place on the subject. The country bankers now collected in Lon don are from different parts of England, not from those towns alone in which branch banks have been fixed, and they are all of them extremely earnest in the business they have undertaken, some of them having expressed their de termination to suspend all attention to their private affairs until they have brought on a fair trial of strength with the overgrown corporation of the capital. A conflict between the private banking interest and that of the Bank of Eng land is thus likely soon to become one of the leading topics of discussion in the city.— Times. The Whig and Radical Press, the conductors of which are the proteges, the dependents, the friends, and in some instances the Parliamentary 0 ‘ Swiss" of the present Administration, • per severes in its efforts to revile and calumniate the Magistracy . of . England. The English Magis tracy consists of the flower of the English Gentry—of the individuals belonging to this in, telligent, virtuous, wealthy, and, in every souse of the word, respectable body, who in their se veral counties are most distinguished for intelli gence, virtue, wealth, and respectability. It fol lows of course, that as a body they can have no interests or feelings but what are identified with the well-being and good order of society. They bestow their services gratuitously upon the com munity; they conduct the administration of cri minal justice in its first steps in all cases ; an d i n cases of minor offences, which from their greater frequency are perhaps of the greatest aggregate importance, they conduct it throughout. Th ese laborious and unpaid duties they have discharged from time immemorial ; and they have so dis charged them, that in every part of England the office of Magistrate is .popularly held to ',confer dignity upon its possessor ; to confer a claim to the confidence and affection of his less elevated neighbours ; to he a Mark set upon him, indi cating that he is imbued with truly English sett timents and feelings—in other words, that it is tin to one that he will not turn out, upon fur ther inquiry, to be either a Radical or a Whig. Far be it from us to. affront . a body so consti tuted, and having so acted, by any unnecessary defence against the imputations of its . habitual and systematic assailants. The Gentlemen of England, as a class, must act .differently from what they have yet done, and be attacked by worthier assailants, ere they can require to be defended otherwise than by the effective, though silent testimony of their persevering and patriotic services. But we nevertheless feel it to be our duty, now that these assailants flatter themselves that they, or which is the same tiling, their pa- trons land. allies, possess power in .the. State; to expose to the people of England their artifices, however shallow they may seem to us, and to den - ounce their objects, however desperate and hopeless we ourselves may consider them. We have erroneously said the shallow artifices. We should have .employed the singular number, for the artifice of the faction is eternally one and the same. The number of Magistrates in Eng land amounts to many thousands. There is no county in England in which the faction has not a myrmidOn in the shape of the conductor of a provincial journal, who is eagerly upon the watch ,for an instance of Magisterial misconduct, or for any thing which, by any kind of suppression or addition, or falsification; 'can be made for the space of a few days to wear the appearance of misconduct. We think we overstate the fact when we say, that about once a month, or twelve times in the year, these watchful and zealous myrmidons of the faction get hold of a story, which, in their way. of telling it, does not read quite well. This is enough. Here is matter upon which the daily 'metropolitan journals of the faction can expatiate for a week, and by which its monthly and quarterly auxiliaries may more folly dilate in their ponderous lucubrations. Candour and common sense, to be sure, would say that as the exception does but prove the rule, so one instance of individual mis conduct, culled from the proceedings of five hundred Men perpetually and separately acting, proves nothing but the general excellence and purity of the body. To reason thus does not, however, suit the purposes of faction. The settled intention being to discredit the whole Magistracy of England, no allowance is made for the diversities of human character, and every single charge of individual delinquency, whether well or ill founded, is taken as a decisive proof of universal vice. The " Great Unpaid," as the faction has, in derision, designated the Magis tracy of the land, is represented to the people as the proper object of hatred and contempt, and the ( I xpediency of new-modelling our municipal institutions, and superseding the old constitu tional jurisdiction of Justices of the Peace by the authority of hired Officers of the Crown, strenously urged. It would, we are persuaded, be a great and dangerous error to treat this as sheer virulence and stupidity. Apart from some strong motives of self-interest, so great a degree of virulence and stupi dity is not in human nature. To what motive then of self-interest on the part of the Whig and Radical Faction is its preternatural exhibition of virulence and' stupidity upon this subject to be referred ? It cannot have escaped the observa tion of any max who has paid the least attention to the progress ,of events and' opinions, that `these systematic attacks upon the Magistracy commenced very soon after the cant of liberality began to be generally prevalent in Parliament and throughout the country ; or, in other words, very soon after the Whigs and Radicals were cheered by the first glimpse of hope that the patronage of the Crown would . ere long be in their hands. The substitution of a stipendiary, in the place of an unpaid Magistracy throughout the country, would, it was foreseen, gratify the rapacity of the faction in the event of its attaining to power, by increasing the patronage of the Crown ; while during the period of its exclusion, abuse: of Magistrates served to gratify its spleen. This substitution would gratify also the disposi tion to tyranny, which the faction, whenever it has been in possession of power, has constantly evinced, by placing a large proportion of the people of . England at the mercy of its hired agents. This substitution would further gratify the pride of the faction and consolidate its power by enabling it to proviCle, at the expence of the nation, for the swarm of third rate lawyers, English, Irish and Scotch, who are the most active .and zealous of its adherents. The people of England have sense enough to know when the Whig and Radical faction strives to cast obloquy upon the ancient magistracy of the land, that what it really expresses is neither more nor less than its earnest desire to perpetuate its own pos session of power, and to secure for the Govern ment in its hands new means of rapacity and ty ranny. The Englishman who can witness with out disgust these daily attempts to discredit the unpaid magistrates of the country as a body, is prepared of course to acquiesce in the appoint ment of the briefless barrister of all religions and of none, who would inevitably, in present cir cumstances, be their well paid successorss . --• Morning Post. We adverted yesterday to Chief Justice Best's definition of the Liberty of the Press. We shall now t - advert, as a subject intimately con nected with it, to his definition of libel. " The press," says the Judge, " may publish the truth, the whole truth; and nothing but the truth." " Whatever," adds the same decisive authority, " tends to bring a man into ridieule, is a libel. ', We lay these two definitions alongside of one another, and . we find it impossible to make them fit. The one seems not only different from but contradictory of the other. In nine cases out of ten relating to ridiculous persons, we do not know how to hold them up to ridicule, more effectually than by telling the whole truth. We are, therefore, we repeat, at a loss to find out how the dictum of Sir W. Best on the one point, and his dictum on the other, arc to be recon ciled. It is unnecessary to enter into any cri ticism of the case out of which these remarks of Sir William's arose. The party prosecuting is so little known that we cannot, were we willing, raise him to cOnsequence, and the action was, of all the trumpery actions which have been tried even at the Common Pleas, perhaps the most in significant. It is, however, of some importance to consider the condition in which a publisher or writer may be placed by the application of the maxims on which it is reasonable to suppose Sir William intends to act in future. It is a•very simple affair to say what is physical truth. Any Reporter, whose hearing is tolerably accurate and whose judgment is moderately clear, may tell what words, or at least what mean ing, a prosecutor, a defendant, a witness, or a Judge, expressed on any given case. But when a Reporter or Editor asserts, that any of these personages spoke like a fool or a wise man, it is by no means a matter to be determined with facility, though the truth in that case must lie on the one side or the other, on which side it hap pens to lie. Unfortunately most of the truths promulgated by the Press, for which it is after wards called on to account, in Banco Regis, be long to the latter class. If the Chief Justice had at once laid an embargo on all reasoning, b) stating that nothing but facts were to, be pub lished, • the rul e mig ht have been susceptible of easy application. But we would go a step far ther. Why should th e expression of the truth not be accompanied by an expression n .of the feelings which it na t ura lly produces ? Why is ofthe u purpose e of gtrruattliifyiug desi i r d a l b e l e curiosity, ? Notsurely or of adding to th e s t oc k of unemployed know ledge. It is not the wish, nor is the aim of him that- disseminates the truth, to " play round the head," but to " come near the .heart".. of= his readers. If the tendency which the publication of an act of ruffianly violence has to prevent its repetition, can be strengthened by the publication of • the feelings of -indignation- it has excited, why ought the latter any more than :the former publication to be prohibited ? A cer tain description of anger has been represented as " noble," and the greatest authority_ on earth among his exhortations to his people, calls on them " to be angry and not to sin —a proof, were any wanting, that to lack the feelings is as inconsistent With a state of moral fitness, as to lack the understanding of a man. But we must not hold up a man to ridicule ! Certainly not, unless he deserve it. If he . do, why riot hold hini up to ridicule ? We do so, not for the purpose of inflicting pain on the individual, but to deter others from, acting . .iu like manner. We gibbet crows and sometimes Christians for a public warning—why not put a cap and bells on lesser criminals for the same praiseworthy pur pose ? Those who manage the Public Press are beset with many difficulties. They had need of the indefatigability of Hercules, and the vigilance of Argus. Of all men, their labours ought to be received with the most kindly allowance, and to meet with the fairest interpretation ; and of all men, they are watched most keenly, and inter preted most•captiously. Juries are strong, let them be also wise. Above all things, let them beware of being made to lay hold of the pillar of the temple, and bury themselves in the ruins.oi the edifice to which they have hitherto been in debted for support and protection.—New Times, POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-HOUSE. -The highway robbery, of the examination concerning which we yesterday gave the par ticulars, has been a subject on which, during the day, a great deal of strong feeling has been expressed. The Solicitor having mentioned that it was a subject which was talked of every where, The LORD MAYOR. said that he had committed Francis, after a long and minute investigation into. all the evidence tendered on both sides. He bad done so from his sense of justice towards the public, Mr. Stapp and Mr. Yarrow having spoken in the most positive manner of the identity of the prisoner. He was aware of the difficulty of identifying a person amidst the confusion into which a man must be thrown upon a sudden assault and robbery ; but the testimony of the witnesses who ',had been called to prove the alibi was by no means so conclusive as to stand in competition with the positive statement for the prosecu tion. He had bound over the witnesses for the defence, in order (as we understood him) that the prisoner might have an opportunity of calling them, and deriving whatever benefit could be derived from their evidence, it being op tional with the prosecutor whether he should or should not rail upon them to appear. The Grand Jury will he rather surprised, it is suppos ed, when the bill is placed before them, at the names of the witnesses for the defence being given in as well as those for the prosecution. They will thus be vested with powers, of which neither they, nor those who formed the consti tution, ever had any idea. They will decide between the conflicting testimony of the witnesses on both sides, and acquit the prisoner if they think the alibi is proved, with out sending bins to the regular tribunal. The eight per sol Ins decentn•ho came e e f r o e r d \ i v t a a r b d i e tpoersproonvse, andth al m ib o i st are o , f i t t h i e s m sa a i d r e , a wholly unacquainted with the prisoner, who has no money to bribe with. . A man of respectable appearance was brought up, charg ed with having uttered a forged cheque for 1201. on the bank of Messrs. Grote and Co. George Taylor, a clerk to Messrs. Grote and Co., proved the payment of the cheque, which purported to be drawn by Thomas Newman, per proc. John Evans. Witness paid the cheque at about a quarter before five o'clock in the afternoon of the 21st of September, in two bank notes, one for 1001., dated September 1, 1827, number 5,043, the other for 20/., dated July 5, number 2,704. Here the notes were produced and identified as those paid away to the person who brought the cheque. Richard Dodd, an errand-boy to Mr. Lewis, a tailor, in Castle-court, Birchin-lane, deposed, that about a quarter before five in the afternoon of the 21st of September, the prisoner stopped him at the corner of Bartholomew-lane, and putting a cheque into his hand and a sixpence, requested that he would be so good as to take the cheque into the banking-house of Grote and Co., No. 62, Threadneedle. r street, and get notes and sovereigns for it. Witness con sented to do as was required, .not suspecting that any de ception was intended, and he received in change for the cheque a 100/. and a 201. note. When witness came out of the banking-house he could not see the prisoner who had given him the cheque any where about, and aftet having: waited till five o'clock he .put the notes in his pocket and went about his business. Witness upon going home put the notes into the possession of his father. Wit• ness was quite sure that the prisoner was the person who gave him the cheque, and never saw him since that time until Saturday last, wren witness went into a room where several pet-sons were sitting, and immediately recognized hint amongst them. Mr. Gates, the solicitor to the Committee of Bankers for the Prevention of Forgery and Fraud, then applied to the Lord Mayor to commit the prisoner, as the case of uttering was established. • The LORD MAYOR refused to commit in the present stage of the proceedings, as he thought that the prisoner ought to have, in such a case, professional assistance. He there fore ordered the prisoner to be brought up on a future day, and advised that the assistance he alluded to should be procured. GtJILDHALL.—Mr. Alderman FAREBROTHER took his seat in the chair at this office yesterday for the first time since his election (Sir Peter Laurie, who had under taken the duty, having, it is understood, unfortunately ruptured the achilles tendon.) Michael Fitzgerald, a labouring Hibernian, was charged with hawking pretended foreign brandy about the streets, contrary to the Excise Law . ( 6 George 117', cap. 80). Discharged. Mr. Alexander Curling, a fish salesman in Billings. gate, was summoned before the Alderman, (the Lord Mayor having declined to take cognizance of the matter because the defendant is related to him by m arriage), for Waving exposed to sale a salmon unfit for food. Mr. Curling said, the weather affected the fish so rapidly now, that they were not aware of the bad state of the One seized. He would be more careful for the future. . Mr. Alderman FAREBROTILIM was quite satisfied with his promise not to offend again, and discharged the coin plaint. .BOW-STREET. --A poor man named John Lamb was veiterday charged before Sir R. BIRNIE and Mr. 1111NsixuLL, by William ,Skinner, inspector of hawkers' Licenses, with sellin g brooms without a lic ence . Th e de fendant pleaded " Not Guilty." Skinner stated that on the 21st of September last, he met the defendant in Chelsea. He was crying brooms him to produce his licence, as he was an old soldier, lainedsabirduislheehs had d o i s l e o ll o . cca O sio n n as f k ui i . n o g ne, and as such entitled to sell his own manufacture without a licence. Sir R. BIRNIE (to the inspector).✓—l suppose you, next intend to take all the Bavarian girls into custody. They cry brooms, you know, and I dare "say without any licence? Mr. Mtrtsmum.—The charge against this poor man ap pears to be very general. He is merely accused of crying brooms. The Act says that the party offending must be proved to have offered his goods for sale from door to door. The defendant being called on to state what he could in his defence, said, he was an old soldier, having served 14 years and 244 days in the 20th Light Dragoons, the greater part of which time he passed upon the continent, and was engaged in the Peninsular War. He had also served in Ireland, where he was discharged from the regiment, and " sent to the right about" without any compensation for his services. Having nothing better to turn himself to, he bethought of making brooms and selling them in the streets. He had always understood that, as an old soldier, he might do so without going to the expence of taking out a licence, the amount of which would be more than he could turn in the whole year. Sir R. Bnozix, after expressing laiii surprise that the defendant had, no pension for his long services, told him, that as an old soldier, he was certainly entitled to sell his own manufacture in any town or city in England, except ing those places where the two Universities were situated. The information was then dismissed. MARLBOROUGH-STREET.—Mr. Robertson, land lord of the Queen's Head public-house, corner of Queen street, Golden-square, appeared yesterday before Sir G. FARRANT and Mr• CONANT, to answer to an information preferred against him for suffering giming to be carried oil' in his house. Clements, Schofield, and • Goddard went to Mr. n 0... bertson's house about three o'clock -in the afternoon, the hour at which they understood the'play began, and not being known to the officers,•preeeeded at once up stairs to the room alluded to in the information, where they took their seats, and ordered a glass of wine and water. Mr. Robertson at first refuied to permit them as stran- gera to retitain,there, as the room, he said, was for the exclu sive use of a party of gentlemen, some of whom were then present. The officers said, that if their , presence was dis agreeable to the gentlemen, or considered an intrusion, they would of course withdraw; but the latter, who-all-appear ed to be foreigners, very politely said, " By no means," and that they were quite welcome to remain as long as they pleased, The officers, therefore, continued in the room for near two hours, and during that time, several other, persons having joined the party, a great deal of play went on, chiefly at dominos, and another game originally invented by the French soldiers under Buonaparte, when in camp. It is played by each of two persons closing one hand, and each together at the same instant extending any nuniber of the fingers of the hand so closed as he thinks fit, and each also on the same moment calling out any number he pleases ; and the person who calls out a number that makes the united amount of all the fingers extended by both parties wins the game; this is considered one of the most gambling games practised, as its decisions are so rapid. The officers said that while present at these games in the room, several sums of money, and' a gold watch with its appendages, changed owners; but the whole of the play and conversation was carried on in foreign languages, and Mr. Robertson was frequently in and out of the room waiting uliOn the company. Mr. Banner, the solicitor, who attended for Mr. Ro- bertson, said in his behalf, that the fact was that the room in question was paid for by the day, forthe exclusive use of a party of foreign gentlemen, who wished to have an ac commodation for themselves apart froni the general cur tuners of the house, which is• a most respectable one ; a nd that all Mr. Robertson had to do with them was to supply them with whatever they thought proper to order to drink, which most .commonly was wine; and as for any •play they might have or not have amongst theMselves, he knew no thing of it, for he never supplied, them with either dominos, cards, or any other means of gambling. , The Magistrates asked Mr. Harmer if he could show that the persons in this room were foreign gentlemen ? Mr. Harmer said that he certainly could. They were all foreign cburiers, Who, no doubt, were gentlemen. A witness, a foreigner, who was present in the room on the occasion in question, was then' called, and he stated that all the persons who were at play during' the time were fo reign couriers, belonging to various noblemen, wbbm he lamed : one in the suite of the Duke of Bedford. The Magistrates said, that however Government couriers might be considered in the light . of gentlemen, they did not I consider couriers, such as the witness spoke of, in that light. Mr. Harmer contended that all foreign couriers were re- . cognized as gentlemen;- and, to decide the point, the fol lowing questions were asked by the Magistrates of the wails. • •••••••-• Sir.G. FA aitayr.—Does not this courier go abroad with the Duke of Bedford when he travels, and return with him when he comes home?—Witness: .Yes, I believe he does. . Sir G. FAILKANT.—And is he not in the regular service of the Duke, and receiving wages from him, whether at home. or abroad ?—Witness: I believe he is., Sir G. FA IutANT.--Is he not always at the Duke's com mand, to do what may be required of him at home, a 5 well as when travelling ?—Witness : I have no doubt be is , Sir GEORGE. —ln short, are not couriers of the descrip tion you speak of, when not travelling, employed con stantly also as valets?—Witness: They constantly are. The Magistrates then said, that this witness proved an thing but hlastethheadpeervsoerns been informed spoken fo o r f m w e e d re a g g e a n ii t is le t m b e e n ior ; e l: : werecio Plank,m etiht'-esery chiefan men=servants te a n r d , s nut aid at i all t ne o v n er th b e ad sa ; m t e h f e oo g ti e n: t u g e , Government T co h n e rie m rs a ,: is n t d r:a c te7 s a to m eord e in.e c tai l uu ea itr r ioed ly ni w : i vg t i l iA t e in t .e h r e ßA m oiber e . a r n ltt i s il oo g rii of ie the act. cha T ra h c e te A r iag of is th tr e a l te io s u t sLx n va , not to suffer this system of gaming at his house in future said, that as there was no late hours or night-play in this instance, and it was the first offence, they would only dirt the lowest penalty--ss. and costs. THAMES OFFICE. —Yesterday a Woman n ames Webb, Ebegro.ugehhatrbgeedforbeyththe e sit p t a il r l i g shi Aa o i ffi g e is e t r r s at o ei Shadwell with deserting her children. Melbourn, one of the parish officers, brought the three children into the office; neither of the three appeared to be older than nine years; they presented a most deplorable, picture. Melbourn then stated that his complaint against the mother was, that she deserteff.,ber three chil dren, and left them without food or clothing. She had relief front the parish, 2s. per week, bu t instead of applying that money towards the wants of bet ( children, spent it in drink, and cohabited withermaw° the name of Lancaster, who had also a child chargeable to the parish. She thus let the children provide for theol' selves'as well as they could, and by her neglect they were, reduced to their present deplorable state.—After a suitab le .admonition to the prisoner as to her future conduct, sl't was discharged, and the parish-officers took charge of 1 5 ° and her three children. PRESENTATIONS TO CHRIST'S HOSPITAL' —The vacancy occasioned by the departure of one of the senior boys of the Blue Coat School for College has bee ° ballotted for by the Governors at large. Mr. Alderma n Farebrother's name was the first drawn out, and he in col t ' sequence became entitled to the presentation. Poe, merable applications were made to the late Sheriff 1 / 1 parties, from. Lords down to Common-councilmen, solicit' ing for the presentation. The Ex-Sheriff returned 3 ° answer, that he should give the presentation to no Pi except the parents were unable to pay the. expellees of eel° cation, in order that the objects of the charity might be e! fected. This decision reached the Navy Club-House, 3 ,, a letter was addressed by a distinguished member of ti" Club to Mr. Alderman Farebrother, represe ntin g that 6/ object of pure charity would be found in the son of Liet iv i , Elliott, who resided near Plymouth. T he lett er sta bile that the Lieutenant had been wounded in the head wit in the Naval service, and had only 701. p er annum, Which the Lieutenant, his wife, and eight children, hati td depend. The Ex-Sheriff wrote to the clergyman of tl:s parish for a confirmation of the facts, which he receis' s , in a few days. The prese ntation card was filled fir tv Lieutenant's son, aged eig ht years , and sent to the L ieu, utmost receipt Naval of the fficees fam ily. t enan t without his knowing what had been done for o of his family. surprise I to the theletter o In ecal,. ioeed.ret for the presentation the Ex-Sheriff has received t 9 warmest thanks of the family. ' The boy is now in 0 Hospital School. : BIRTHS. On the Ist inst. at Sarsden, Oxon, the lady of J. Langston, Esq. M.P. of a daughter. • On the 30th ult. at Springfield Lodge, Camber' Mrs. Watson, of a daughter. On the 14th ult. at Kinsale, the lady of George Na t sq. of a daughter; and on the 19th ult. the lady of Nason, Esq. R.N. of a son and heir. M A RRIED. On the 2d inst. at Hampstead, John Keene, jun. J to Catherine, only daughter of the late John Johnson, EI of Earington house, Oxen. On the 26th ult. at Edinburgh, Lieutenant-Colonel man, of the East India Company's service, to Mary, daughter of the late John Anderson, Esq . . of Inchyrat the county of Perth. On the 2d inst. at Teignmouth, the Rev. Thomal Harrison, Rector of Thorpe Morleux, Suffolk, second of J. H. Harrison, Esq. of Copford Hall, Essex, to daughter of . Captain Nicholas . Tomlinson, R.N. of DO square, London. ' I On the 29th ult. at St. Andrew's, H o lb orn , Willi Haynes, • Es of Trinity-square; i n ity Wanless, ua of e H g ;Newington,atton-arde t i o i , 1‘ second daughter o fl Hereford. DIED. On the 24th ult. Mr. Robert Coram, of Grove-PF Bethnal. green, and, of Mile -end. On. the 2d inst. of apoplexy, at his house in Cheap , Robert Romanis, in the 62d year of his age. On the 2d inst. a t his house , Quee n-s q uare, 81001134'1 aged 59, Samuel Collingridge, Esq. one of the joint condaries of the city of London. On the 3d inst. Ann, wife of Mr. John New toe' Montpellier, South Lambeth. On the 3(1 inst. Sarah, the wife of Mr. John 110 1 Whitechapel. • On the Ist inst. at his houSei Melville -street, Glaig in the,7Bth.year of his age, the Rev. William On the 29th ult. at Manningford Bruce, Wilts, wife nfßobert Falkner, Esq. of Bath, and hue, the late T. Alexander, Esq. of the former place, aged! On the 2d inst. Win. Elder, son of Mr. Costflol Cornhill, in the 21st year of his age. • -11-4 K in Lou. that in conformit] Majesty the Kim 1818, wherein r d s oo T d3BPTodtiEaCniTfnebfrd' h i'AiAgiVellogL o titliev'Nfthh il litoire-plit'no s etnelKtbe a riiscyDdrnr°ert n teeranhnoa d sAs:fieoienntadhnol‘rflii T o:iNnitdetffLei‘E w joi‘tCHllmli cr iLNaillAheCoGt..Nnfa:(:l-113 1 1‘ e Bonds (as includ& chased from the In nine Thousand Th: redeemed from ti 1827, both days i: NUMBERS o f 3S Letter. Nos. 12 373 81 244 804 905 1386 1478 43 65 308 399 555 594 1000 1159 1455 1464. 1583 1865 2761 3001 3184, 34.13 3482 3492 3874 3908 1). -- 241 435 1679 1732 1895 2030 2346 2,52 3 .3240 2928 4007 4033 4535 4541 5603 6109 6354 6846, 670 4 6849 7474 7647 8918 9042 9400 9507 9851 9 853 1 0119 10535 1 1293 1145 5 1 2096 1232 0 12638 12 692 13275 13 34 1 13720 14 08 2 • 14215 14 246 1470 2'14 , n 5 '-- 14831 14842 ,, 1 4890 1490 z 146 15050 15 1527615277 ; 15457 16077 16269 16482 16568.1 16624 16703 16747 16781 16884 17016 9 1 11 18 8 1 1705 7 4 1 098 17112 1 19183 18211 1 18857 1 90 23 ,1 19125 19587 1 21573 21741 2 21830 22411 2 23291 23314 2' 23497'23506 2; 23784 24056 2 2120 24138 -‘ U 252 24267 2 ,i4`172 2 4373 2' Z4ll 2 4412 2 ' '*43l 24488 2 , 4642 24654 2' iota] PUNISHA t WEE! day next, On ''te the ORDFR and btonizin tco, 41eat publiclyx.! al -.t ,:-..7l Pkteli ufgate-n office, 111-IE followint seen (stoT the abo ATH n an a d }'E,' ex eel X El „lIIRM I IVO HAM -e t„Y:, % Word and throng CRLISLE. and qars t,hug. EXtr QII., dim / -11estat. PALMOUTII HOL Y and HEAD, th 14t1Bangor.LI NC P OOL, ti n lIIIL P AI ESTER , I rd-ty est. D HAVI NORWICH MAI] The following PO! 'tle specified MORNI/ :.,,,,00rteYnitticgob, throughuhu a nd tahthreupg Windsor and Eton, liirrning ,ham Cove ight. Liverpool, through Canterbury and IN Southampton, thri ght. 'Exeter, Falmouth, a Brighton, at half -p ; A FTERN( Cambridge, throng At Two. Canterbury and De Carlisle and Edinb , gore Fi ve . ti erltY, through N ( fore Five. Edinbur g h and Cla quarter before Five t /tianchester, throng re Five. 'Nottingham, throw Itistol and Bath, thi Milford Haven and row-. r. -unton, through Vintho r and Eton, i'verpool, through :twich, through ( Perby, through Le LN Six. !Aiaburgh and GI ~0. qaTich ester throng' • ;? Iti nghtun, throug Irtningbani and 0 fan befor e Si x . Shrer aneheater, throng eriterbury an d D o , LB. POST Co Al 4 g Town in th e '‘'an every Afters () W. WATE 7: lt Th e Proprieto a bla for any P jles"3,3eiager'w Lugga, 4'4 same he enti t 't , the el; PRINTED and PUBLISHED by M. YOUNG, A t -be ge .% t u d --Very 01 SUN-On :ICE, No. 112, Strand. Rage, to tl