The Sun. — London, England, 1831-06-27 00:00:00

'SPIRIT OF Mg PiJi3LIC JOURNALS. The rtat Bill is again, for the second time, before the Houle nY Commons,—the last, we should hope, e'ected, err •anininated, or bought in, upon the system which it is mow proposed to alter. The previous discussions on the Mill, the schedules which have been published of it, and the speech of Lord John Russell, have brought it fully before the country ; and surely no one can deny either the Intensity or duration of that feeling which calls for the full and final enactment. There have been subjects, no doubt, upon which the public have felt warmly, but briefly; the variations of the popular will are proverbial, but for the last fifty years the dissatisfaction with the existing state of the representation has been increasing up to this moment, when its removal becomes absolutely necessary. Can such a statement as the following, from Lord John's speech, be read without indignation :—" Nine Peers possess thirty. two boroughs, returning sixty-four Members!" By the present Bill there is to be a division of several of the countii-s, by which the time of election will be shoftentsl, and the disgraceful scenes usual on such occasioins avoided. The return of Members from the great ' ,. .)wns,—'.Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield,—may, by the fill, amount to about one hundred and eighty. a foreigner, in hating of the Constitution of 'England, the •etraality of its laws, the checks or, arbitrary porter, and the beauty of its representatf.ve system, had been given to un understand this', many of its largest commercial and trad ing towns hr,d no representatives at all, unless n ine of their ini_ldnitants bought places in Parliament, we think be hardly have been made to believe so monstrous an alisurdity. This absurdity will now be removed,anix;ith it the just dissatisfaction which pervaded the most intelli gent, industrious, and, from their local density, the most dangerous part of our population. Copyholders and lease holders of various descriptions are to receive the elective franchise for counties. Why the former should have been excluded it is not easy to conceive; and if the latter be I e ver dependent upon the will of their landlords, it can only be towards the close of their leases. The late elections, we fancy,—to say nothing of some which have previously taken place in Ireland,—have cotrvinced some landlords that tenants may have a will of their own. With respect to annual tenants of 101., who are to have a vote in towns and boroughs, it does not appear whether the actu 11 rent or the rated rent, are to be received as the criterion : if the former, the votes will be much more numerous. We again recommend to the public to watch the progrtss of the Bill. They will improve by the discussion, and be the better able to exercise those rights with which they are soon to be intrusted.— Times. It has been thought that the extension of the viettive franchise to people of humble condition may tend to send a meaner class of people into the House of Commons. We certainly have seen occasions where the people, acting freely (" independent and free electors"), might cheo. e more respectable representatives than they have done; they have chosen Mr. Hunt, hut have invariably rejected Cobbet ; yet there is a passage in the celebrated Machia velli which supplies a general answer, founded on expe rience, to those who object to Parliamentary Reform on the score that vulgar illiterate demagogues would thenceforth be chosen by the people. The whole chapter deserves at tention. The Romans, discontented with the Consular name, wish for the power of electing plebeians into the office ; the Senate, to acid a measure which they conceive would cast disgrtee upon the State, elude the wish of the plebeian.'a by allowing them to elect four tribunes, with Consular power, a nd who might either he nobles el' plebeians. The popular leaders were content with ttie concession, thinking that the consular power was ry.Av extinct, and that they should have their share of the first honours of the State. " Nacque de questo um veto notabile," says Machiavelli. " From thence there ful lowed a most remarkable result, that the Roman people coming to the election of those tribunes, and having the power to choose them all nut of the plebeians, they, on the contrary, chose thefts all from among the Nobles, upon which Livy uses these remarkable words, Quorum co tnitorum eventus,' &c. " The result of which elections showed that there was a different feeling in the struggle for liberty from that which existed when the contention was at an end, and people came to the exercise of their pure judgment." The Nobles so chosen must have been men of high character, we would have our aristocrats to understand.— Times. In the John Bull of yesterday there is an article on the allusion in the King's Speech to Portugal, which deserves some notice. Speaking of the case of the two French men, in behalf of whom the French Government have interfered, the John Bull says :—" The case, however, of M. Bonhornme (mal-nomme) is oven more II 'grant than this ; it has nothing to do with politics; sacrilege, and blasphemy the most revolting, are the crimes fur which this man was tried and convicted. To be sure, in the creed of the Reformers, religion is held to be a proof of bigotry, and piety considered' a mat k of ignorance ; indeed, one of the heaviest charges against Don Miguel himself is his addiction' to the Church and his devotion to his God." Now we should not have noticed this pas sage, but for the circumstance that the Paper in which it appears is the especial favourite of the Parsons. the creed of the Reformers, religion is held to be a proof of bigotry, and piety considered a mark of ignorance 1" Now, nineteen-twentieths at least of the people of England are Reformers. Nearly the whole of the middle classes, in particular, are Reformers. What audacity to dare to say of the great body of the people of England, that in their creed religion is held to be a proof of bigotry ! If there is religion in England, it is to be Found in this class here pointed out as irreligious. The higher ranks have never been supposed to be religious, and the anti-Reformers have no support below the higher ranks. And this Don Miguel, whose addiction to the Church and devotion to his God are here so warmly eulo gised, is not only a Catholic, but a tool of the Apostolicals —4 that portion of the Priesthood which would revive all the horrors of the Inquisition. Catholicism is acm ime in Ireland, because the Catholic Clergy do not possess the Tithes, and because the Priests, depending en their flocks, have an interest in their welfare ; but in countries in which Catholicism is flourishing, in which the pri• sts are fat, flou rishing, and persecuting, it is dearly beloved by the Clergy of the Church of England. Witness the food which their favourite Journal prepares for them. Don Miguel's de votion to his God is pointed out to Englishmen for their especial admiration. Don Miguel, according to all ac counts, is a horrible monster, who is supported by the priesthood of Portugal, because he is subservient to them ; and he is subservient, only because they are able to uphold him. But only think of the effrontery of the Journal of the Parsons of the Church of England, prophaning the name of God' by ascribing devotion to God to this wretch, and daring to charge a want of religion and piety to the great body of the people of England, whose fault is not certainly that they are without religion, but that they are too often bigotted and fanatical. The people who can relish this eulogy, can have very little religion ; and would, we are persuaded, have no scruple in subscribing to any creed with which the possession of tithes was con nected. Whether the Church of Rome or the Church of England prevail is a small matter, but to have tithes is a great matter. The devotion of Don Miguel is a sweet-smelling savour, because he continues the Portuguese priests in the enjoyment of enormous pro perty. When the Parsons of England charge the 11e fiirmers with being without piety, they mean, by piety, corruption. Their religion is a good benefice. Now, we grieve to have it to say that though the Clergy of England have shown themselves everywhere hostile to Reform, as well as to everything calculated to benefit and improve the people, there is a foolish disposition in the Ministry to conciliate them. Their professions of attachment to this worthless class of men are not believed either by the Par sons themselves or by others, and will not gain them a single vote. On the other hand these declarations disgust their friends, who, although they may be silent now, will one day remember some of these exhibitions. We have heard, for instance, many worthy persons express strong disapprobation of a speech delivered lately by the Lord Chancellor, at a meeting of the Society of the Sons of the Clergy. No man is gained in this way. Corruption will always purchase a corruptionist ; but he is not to be caught by words. —Morning Chronicle. The complaints against the Beer Bill are perfectly we I understood. The Magistrates say that the unlicensed houses favour immorality. They d o not mean b y t hi s t h at drunkenness has increased, for that is the last thing of I.vhich Justices would complain, but that they have no onger the power of directin g w h at s h all be read in the houses. During the licensing syst em , i t was perfectly well known that if a publican allowed a paper to be read in his house, of which the politics were n o t p a l ata bl e to the neighbouring Squires, his license would not be continued. This is changed. We are quite aware that cheap publica tions, of a very inflammatory description, are read in the unlicensed houses. But the wa y to meet this . evilis to allow publications of a better the advocate disorder anded on equal terms. At present anarchy has the market to himself. But to revive the licensing system, mere l y to put down licentious publica tions, is not to be tolerated. The evidence of Magistrates 4 Capit. 47, Liv. 1. De' discorsi copra la prima deed, on this subject is absolutely worthless: All men love power ; and we all know that the licensiag systeM was tip; main-stay of the rural tyrants of tbgland.—korning Chronicle. Sir Robert Peel seems to be very much in the situation of the person described in the old adage, who, in endea vouring to sit upon two stools, retained a permanent seat upon neither ; or, in other words, hike tryin g to please ill parties, he eucceeds littatisl'YPht none. The Right Hon. Ex-Secretary's iiileettlt on the first day of the present Session it'd this description—his partisans complain of it , 9 ts trimming speech, wanting etergy and decision, and leaving a Mew penits.ntite, should the speaker find it con venient hertal'ter to adopt the principle Which be now re pudiates ; while his opponents condemn it as couched in a qrain of insidious Candder, Which, like a poist ned arrow, wounds more deqy and incurably than the stoutest weapon 'Aurled in open warfare. The truth we believe to he this, that Sir Robert Peel, with a personal integrity totally unassailable, possesses a mind ortio gieat calibre, or stored with any ets-Aordilitary share of statesmanlike qualitiesa. As a Ittiblic mln lie has been at all times, Ind tnt &il subjects, behind the age—not as a statesman , hn d he, in advance of it, ready to prompt and take the lead in all measures essential to genera! it'api-oVement and public welfare. At the tun tithe, with a mind slow to foresee or to tatZ-Z-St what the spirit of the age may call for, Wobert Peel has too much honesty not to be open to conviction—an amiable weakness, if we may so call it, which exposes its possessor to continual charges of ter giversation. while, after eil! "The heart News il'anest, though the head was weak." Having said this, we would not by any means wish to disseroble our conviction that there are a host of persons who think more favourably of Sir R. Peel's political ta lents and character than we (1'.•:, and with whom the in fluence of that character, if not unbounded, is at least con siderable. taut, the greater weight a man's character poa sensts in the political world, the snore strongly is he calltd upon not to trifle with it—still less with those who repose in him their confidence, soil (-cosign to him their interests. These, especially, ate hot times when public mete can be allowed to bills-. The excellent ad' ice of the poet— " Resolve not quick, but, ohre resolved, be strong"— ought to be engraven oh the mind of every man who seeks to serve his country in a high public station. In Sir Robert Peel's instance such has not been the case. On the great question of Reform his mind seems vi brating ; and we should not ourselVes at all wonder, after all, to see the Right Hon. Baronet yielding to the current of pullic bliinion, and falling in with that spirit of the ads, of which, with a little more foresight, he Might have been the distinguished leader. At present, however, he vacillates on the edge of a dangerous preci pice. To be "every thing by turns, but nothing long," is an awkward predicament for any public man to place himself in. We do not say that such is literally the case With Sir Robert Peel ; but, looking both at the past and at the present, we should say that such an imputation is treading fast upon the heels of his political career.— Morning Herald. The Noble Mover of the Reform Bill, in the course of his speech on Friday last, very properly attempted to pal liate some small irregularities of his colleagues' youthful and new Constitution. That modern charter contains indeed a certain schedule D, whose merit is extranely mysterious. In last March our Ministers, viewing with unprejudiced eyes their mere carte-blanche of an English constituency, did accordingly with that tremendous scythe schedule A, mow to the ground sixty ancient boroughs, and afterwards with that formidable sickle schedule B, severed by the middle forty-seven more. How did they proceed to divide the precious spoil of 167 disposable seats which had been earned? As they had before constructed two schedules marked A and B, for total or partial destruc- tion, they next set up two other schedules, C and D, for entire and for imperfect creation ; certain new towns were thus set down for two Members, and certain other new towns only for one. Now in the list of towns half enfranchised we find some well-known names, Halifax and Macclesfield, and Bradford and Blackburn. " How long," we are weary of askin g , " how long will Bradford, with fif ty-two thousand inhabitants, return contentedly one Member, while Mahon has two Members with four thousand and five ? How long will Blackburn, with fifty-three thousand souls, patiently enjoy one half of Westbury's privileges?" Is it not a singular provision of the Bill, that as towns rise in the scale of population from two to our thousand, the single franchise should be hap pily doubled ; but that when they reach ten thousand, and expect three Members at least, they should be reduced for their increased numbers to the original pittance of one representative ; that thus, on some hidtbn principle of the new system, one Member should be good for towns with two thousand inhabitants, two should he required by bo roughs of four thousand souls, but one representative should be sufficient and wholesome for tens, twenties, and even fifty thousands of citizens? But, " Oh," said Lord John Russell on Friday, " it is too bad that you, who de fend the irregularities of the old system, should attack the anomalies which we have thought fit to create." The foundation of our system, we answer, is establishment, which admits inequalities. The principle of yours is equa lization, which contradicts them. " But," again said the Noble Lord, rather hard pushed, " You would not your selves give more representatives to the fifty thousand inha bitantsof Blackburn than to the five thousand of Tavistock." Certainly not; but we would not give irss. We would allow to all towns the established peaceful measure of two representatives. If we did break the rule, if we wished to create an anomaly, we should not call upon Parliament to pass a proscriptive enactment for one or two yeirs (it could not last longer) against those particular towns n Melt are nearest to the summit of population and wealth. But perhaps this exception in the Bill was unavoidable. The numbers of the House may have been filled up, the horn of enfranchisement emptied. Not so ; sixty Members had been struck off altogether from the Parliamentary roll. The utmost allowance, however, may have been granted to this particular class, to the citizens of the new boroughs. It is curious that not even this ground can be alleged for giving to Halifax and Macclesfield half of a franchise a piece. For how does the Bill apportion the forty-three Members which it accords to towns of new growth ? Eight Members were bestowed on four purlieus of Lon don, whose elective excellence was hidden from all eyes as in a ki n e of Golconda. Now certainly if Ely-rents and Retherhithe had been allowed to join with London and Souihwark in the respective elections of Alderman Waithman and Mr. W. Brougham, all the would would have been satisfied. If they had been passed over .• by the Bill altogether, none but Mr. Hume, we believe, would have found out the omission. The eight proposed cockney Members then are eight supernumeraries; but as there are semi-boroughs, so there are semi-cockneys in the new Constitution, yet we should scarcely miss in the Re formed House of Commons the representatives of the bathing and aperient interest•, the Members for Brighton and Cheltenham. We will not quarrel with the two Members for Devonport—our old friend Plymouth-dock with a new name—because, although Purtsea is by the Bill united with Portsmouth, we rejoice when Whig Mi nisters constt net Treasury boroughs fur their Tory suc cessors; but we must once more suggest to our tulrrs that Gateshead is a portion of Newcastle, and that South Shields and Tynemouth, which they have sepa rated, are but one town. Every one too has heard of the iron district in Staffordshire. For a tract of ten miles, from Wolverhampton to Birmingham, you see the earth covered with furnaces and forges, cinders and scoria, the sky lowering with smoke by day, by night with the manufacturing glare. Certainly, if at one extremity Wolverhampton he enfranchised, and Birming ham at the other, we should not require that the casual assemblages of Dudley on the right hand, and Walsall on the left, should send two more delegates of iron from this inland and somewhat radical Lemnos. Striking oft, then, those parishes which should not have been set down, and those which should have been more simply arranged, we find that whereas forty-three Members are by the Bill laid out in schedules which would leave nineteen half boroughs in a state of just discontent, forty-two Members may be so allotted as that every one of these towns which has a shadow of claim shall be made a whole borough at once. The one-membered schedule D must be put aside therefore; whatever the cry for the "-whole. Bill," Halifax and Mac clesfield must each have two Members at once. Artificial anomalies should have been sought elsewhere of a more durable pattern, if indeed they were required at all, fur the imitative embellishment of our new Constitution.—Morn ing Post. A WITTY BUTCHER.—During the late elec tion at Stamford, a violent Tory went into the shop of a Whig butcher. " What is our pleasure?" demanded the knight of the cleaver. " I want a calf's head," was the reply. The butcher, having two, inquired of his Tory customer which he would prefer—a Tory one or a Whig one? " A Tory one, to he sure," rejoined the purchaser. " Very well, Sir, I'll send it home for you." When the cook proc,edcd to dress it, the brains were missing, and the master was speedily made acquainted with the circumstance, when he returned to the butcher's, and indignantly inquired of him what bad become of them. , " Are you not aware, Sir," replied Cleaver, " that Tory heads do not contain brains? And did you not choose a Tory calf's head in preference to a Whig one." EXPERIIIENTAL VESSELS. two experimental vesSels are at present building in the docks at SheeilieSs, a Steamer, to be called the Salaman der, and a frigate, to be named the Calliope. The Sala mander is intended for a ship of war; and is to be made sufficiently strong to carry a mortar. She is 175 feet in the keel and 200 feet aloft, and *ill mount g 2 guns. The imbers used in her are of English oak and African oak, the latter being placed in the legs important parts. They are precisely of the size and substance used in a frigate of the largest class. The wheels, instead of projecting from her sides, as in ordinary steam-vessels, will be let into the sides, a digression equal to abOut three feet being created by running the timbers up straight along the space to be occupied by the paddles, which are to be less broad than those generally seen ; thus, when the wheels are covered by the protecting planks, the sides Will pr e sent an entirely unbroken, surface ; so that the shape and symmetry of the ship will he as perfect as it might be in an ordinary frigate. In the construction of the Calliope, English oak, Afri can oak, mahogany, cedar, teak, and other timbers are to he used ; the great object to be obtained by building her being po.itively to aseertaiii What species of timber is the best and the most durable. She will accordingly be kept afloat for ten or twelve years, and at the expiration of this period it is proposed to strip her, and decide upon the re lative merits of the timbers used in her construction. She is large enough to carry 32 guns, if pierced after the usual fashion, but she will only carry 24, which are to b e mounted according to the plan adopted by Capta in Mar shall, in the .Donegal; the advantage of which that all and each of the guns are given a more extensive space wherein to range, being fixed upon pivots, and having the carriage divided into two parts, the latter of which is moveable. With guns mounted in this manner, it is possible to bring the whole weight of metal to bear upon any given point at a short distance, and also to fire into boats alongside and under the muzzles of the guns. Greater room is required to work guns thus mounted, and consequently ) instead of the usual number, five, there are seven timbers between each port-hole. This ship also, in accordance with the new fashion, is round in the stern, and, in common with the Salamander, is to have masts made after Sir Robert Seppings' plan-- . that is to say, masts which, being divided into 42 pieces of une qual lengths, and embraced by iron hoops that are se cured with a screw, may, in the event of any injury, be repaired by the ship's carpenter, wherever the ship may chance to be. In the old masts there are only five or six great pieces, and the hoops were driven on red-hot, and consisted of a simple circle. It was impossible, therefore, to repair these masts, unless by laying down the vessel in port (for which purpose it was in most cases necessary to return to England), and unshipping the mast ; whereas, with Sir R. Seppings' mast, it is only necessary to unscrew the hoop near the part injured, and removing the damaged timber, to supply its place by the appro priate one of the 42 pieces, all of which are regularly marked and numbered according to their designation, and may be carrie 1 without any inconvenience on board the vessel. It is expected that the Salamander and the Cal liope will be fit to go to sea about Christmas.--, Observer. We understand that the verdict in the case of the NeWtonbarry massacre is " Justifiable Homicide." This is the verdict of the Coroner's Inquest; and it re mains to be seen how fir their view of the transaction will be adopted by the Government. We have at all times under,tood that the yeomanry in this part of Ireland were of the most violent and factious character. The effect of the affair will probtbly be to induce Ministers to recon sider the propriety of the embodying of this most odious and exceptionable description of force.—Morn. Citron. BRUTAL ASSAULT.-KILMALLOCK, lith JUNE, 1831.—A few evenings ago a private of the 69th r,giment, stationed here, named NoLAN, induced a woman who lived with hint for the last three years, to walk with him to a field adjoining this town. During the walk, NOLAN, impeachel the woman with unfaithfulness to him, which she solemnly denied. She was advanced in preg nancy by NOLAN, who seized his b iyonet, looking round on the field where they were, and upon observing boys at play i❑ the field, he declined drawing the bayonet, hut coin. munced kicking the unfortunate woman in the right side and loins, which caused her to give premature birth to an infant, on the fiend where she then stood ! The infant, of course, was dead at the birth. The conduct of Police Serjeant WILLIAM DANN on this occasion is highly laud able : upon hearing of the transaction, he repaired to the house where the unfortunate woman lay (dangerously ill), and afterwards waited on Major AIONNINGS and Captain SUTTON. These officers, on hearing from Serjeant DANN all the circumstances, placed NOLAN under arrest, and yes terday Mr. EvANs, of Ash Hill, a Magistrate, attended by Major MoNNINcs and Captain Surrox, went to the bed side of the unfortunate woman, arid took her informations against NOLAN, who is committed to abide his trial.— Dublin Freeman's Journal. THE WHALE.--At his pavilion, Charing cross, we paid our respects to this mon arch of the ocean, and retired from our interview with him deeply impressed with the majesty of his magnitude. In sober truth, this immense and very perfect skeleton is a great natural curiosity. It is upwards of 100 fret in length--all the bones being carefully put, together; the end of the tail alone is preserved with the skin on ? The whole is supported on iron bars, and the space within the circle of the ribs is so large that seats are fitted up in it, on which a considerable number of persons could sit It is said to have been, en one occasion, occupied by four-and-twenty musicians, who performed a concert therein. This, we presume, was previous to the animal's decease ; but if these were four-and-twenty Jonasses, what a rumble, rumble, they must have kept up in our poor friend's stomach.-- The body fl iated into some of the Dutch ports; and Baron CUVIER having calculated from the appearance of the skeleton and the state of the hones that the animal had lived nine or ten centuries, we may safely conclude that he died of a good old age. The skeleton is admirably well accorn_ modated in his pavilion ; and if the spirit that once ani mated it " can come from the regions of air," or, having passed in the course of transmigration into the body of some Signor, should visit its former tenement, how gratified must it not to be to find it treated with such honourable distinc tion. A hook, containing a number of autographs of those who visited this natural curiosity, when on the Continent, forms a part of the present exhibition. Amongst other names we find that of CHARLES, the late King of France, and also that of Lours Purim.. The latter is in a good hand, but the former is a wretched scrawl. CIIVIER'S name, more illustrious than either of those, also appears there. THE KING AND TILE LAUREL.—The head representing WILLIAM IV. upon the new coinage of sovereigns (just issued) is without the wreath of laurel which is placed around the brow of GEORGE IV. upn e , the old coinage. The cause of the omission has been thus accounted for :—When the artist placed before the KING various designs for his NIAJESTV'S approbation, some of the heads were deficient in the wreath, and the QUEEN, who was present, placed them on one side, ob serving " The KING of England has ever been repre sented upon the coins of the realm with the laurel wreath. It cannot be dispensed with by 'WILLIAM the Fourth !"—The KING, with the most perfect coolness, immediately replied, " Pardon me, ADELAIDE ; but first let me gain the battle, ere I assume the symbol of the victor ;" and then, turning to the Earl of , the Lord in Waiting, continued, in an under-tone, "By Heavens! my Lord, if we beat the Anti-Reformers, the laurel shall be introduced upon every coin of the realm." A SLIP BETWEEN THE CUP AND THE LIP. —One night lately, an occurrence took place in a cottage nen. the village of Poolewe, on the West coast, which oc casioned at first sonic alarm. A decent cotter's wife, who has a fair daughter, of whom she is somewhat proud and " vauntie," invited the Captain and mate of an English vessel then lying in the neighbouring bay, to enter her hut and partake of her humble hospitality. The parties gladly obeyed, and enjoyed themselves till the evening , whe❑ curds and cream were produced, and a candle Was lighted. The candlestick, however, could no where be found, and the landlady, unwilling to keep her visitors in the dark, placed the •' luminary" in a bottle which she had found among the papers and other stray effects of her husband, who was at that time in Inverness. " All went as merry as a marriage bell" for an hour or two, till the candle burned down, and the remainder falling into the bottle, the latter went off " like a cannon ball," says our correspondent, " quite through the roof, the bottle being half full of gunpowder." A piece of the bottle went into the Captain's arm and wounded hien se verely, while another fragment coming keen as a north wester in the teeth of the mate, struck the glass out of his mouth. The rest of the crew, who were in the vessel in the bay, hearing the report of the explosion, and fancy ing the Captain had fired a gun to apprise them that be wished to return on board, were at the spot in an instant, accompanied by a posse of dogs and neighbours whom the report had aroused. They met the Captain and mate in full retreat, under the persuasion that they had been in vited by the kindly crofter's wife for no other purpose than to be Burked and plundered. An explanation afterwards took place, to the sorrow and derision of the honest woman, but not to the entire satisfaction of the Englishman, who' could not fairly appreciate this unlucky instance of High , land hospitality.--Dumfries Paper. GREAT DOIN G S OF THE OPPOStTION- AND WHAT NEXT? A fiery amendment of the Lords' Address, abusing the tri-coloured Ministry and the jacobin Reform Bill, were the least with which we were threatened. The King was to have been alarmed, the Whigs displaced by the Feebles the Reform Bi I burnt, the press gagged, the habeas corpus suspended, the soldiers called out, and the whole country conservatively convulsed for the preservation of borough mongering. How have these mighty promises been ful filled ? With what arms did the new opposition attack the great measure? These questions will be answered by the following notice of the important topics which occu pied the House of Lords for twelve consecutive hours fol lowing the delivery of the King's speech LORD FLLENBOROUGH Objected to the King's speech being read until after the reading of " some Bill." The first reading of the Select Vestries Bill moved, and the Bill read a first time accord ingly ; spoke against the formal commencement of the address, insisting on the third instead of the first person plural; objected to the address being at once voted by the House, without tho previous sanction of a committee ; repeated the objection ; again repeated the objection ; spoke at length on the same subject—(rose and spoke six times.) THE EARL OF WINCITILSEA Explained at length, why, being a Tory, he had become a Whig, and was now once more a Tory ; the main reason of the last change being some " toasts" drunk at some dinner north of London. THE MARQUIS OF LONDONDERRY Rose and spoke five times—four times on points of Re form and order, and at great length on his broken windows. THE DUKE OF CUMBERLAND On hie Royal Highness's attachment to freedom. THE DUKE OF GLOUCESTER Yawned. THE EARL OF FALMOUTH On one of his uneestors, to whom allusion is made in Bubb Doddinyton's Diary. LORD WHARNCLIFFE On the conduct of the last House of Commons in " re fusing the supplies"—on the dissolution, the Lord Mayor, the illumination., and Mr. Cobbett's broken windows in 1814. THE EARL OF MANSFIELD (the intended Premier of the Feebies) On the illuminations, the dissolution, the Lord Mayor, Mr O'Connell, and the difference between stopping and refusing the supplies. LORD FARNHAM Oa the connection of the Government with the Times newspaper, and Mr. O'Connell, and the interference of the Government in the Irish elections. THE EARL OF noon; On the personal character of Lord Farnham, and the state of Clare, which his Lordship likened to " the tranquillity of gunpowder."—Spectator. COMMON LAW COMMISSIONS. It seems right that the public should be apprised of the effect which has been already given to the recommendations of the Common Law Commis sioners. The following is an accurate general ac count of the principal reforms hitherto resulting from their labours. It is to be observed that they are the produce of. the original commission only, as appointed in May, 1828, and that they amount but to a very small portion of the general plans of im provement developed in the two reports of that commission. The introduction of the Bills by which they have been carried into effect is a service that has been divided between Lord Tenterden and Sir J. Scarlett. Of the acts hereunder mentioned, the Ist Will. IV., sess. 1, c. 70, and 1 Will. IV., seas. 2. c. 3, were the work of the latter gentleman, the others of the Noble Lord 1. The abolition of the separate judicature of Wales, and the admission of the principality to the benefits of the general judicial system ; by which the complete conso lidation of England and Wales is at length, for the first time, effected--1 Will. IV., sees. 1. c. 70. 2. The strengthening of the judicial establishment of Westminster-hall, by the appointment of three addi tional Judges, by which the Welsh circuit is provided for, and great despatch given in various ways to the general business of the courts.—lbid. 3. The better regulation of the terms, the fixing of Easter term, and the substitution of a simpler method of re turns, in lieu of essoign or general return days.—lbid. and 1 Will. IV., less. 2, c. 3. 4. The establishment of a more reasonable and conve nient system of appellate jurisdiction among the courts at Westminster, by which the writ of error from the Common Pleas to the King's Bench is taken away, and a writ of error given from each of the three courts to the other two.-1 Will. IV., sess. 1, c 70. 5. Power given to the Judge to pronounce sentence (in case of misdemeanours, &c.) at the trial, in lieu of the former inconvenient system, by which judgment was postponed till the full court met in b 6. The breaking up of the monopoly of the officers of the court of Exchequer, the admission of all attornies to practise therein, and its consequent establishment upon an equal footing with the other courts in Westminster hall.—lbid. 7. A provision by which rules of practice are required to be made by all the Judges of the three Courts conjointly, or by eight of them at least, whereby foundation is laid for the future uniformity of their practice.—lbid. 8. Provisions for giving immediate judgment and exe cution upon a verdict in lieu of the former system, by which judgment and execution were postponed till the next term, and the plaintiff often subjected to the ruinous delay of several months.—lbid. and 1 Will. IV., sess. 2. c 7. 9. Provisions, giving increased facility to landlords as to the time of bringing an action of ejectment, and pro tecting them from the inconvenient and prejudicial delay to which they were formerly exposed when the right of entry occurred at certain periods of the year.-1 Will. IV. seas 1. c. 70. 10. The improvement of the course of proceeding in pro hibition and mondamas, by which some unnecessary expense is saved, and some unmeaning forms rescinded, and proper provision made fir payment of costs to the successful party.-1 Will. IV. seas. 2. c. 21. 1.1. Power given to the courts of common law to order the examination of witnesses upon interrogatories, and to order a commission to issue for examination of wit nesses abroad, the want of which power has hitherto been productive of great difficulty, delay, and expellee, and sometimes of an absolute failure of justice.-- 1 Will. IV., seas. 2, c. 22. 12. Various provisions with respect to bail, tending to the material diminution of difficulty and expence, to the abolition of the disgraceful system of sham bail, to the better security of the plaintiff against insufficient bail, and to the greater facility of time defendant in pro curing bail.-1. Will. IV., sess. 1, c. 70, Regulm Gcncrales of Trinity term last. 13. The retrenchment and simplification of the technical forms of demand in certain actions of the most ordi nary occurrence, by which considerable expence is saved, and the foundation laid for still more important reforms of the same description.—Regulee Generales, of TI inity term last. With respect to future operations, we understand the arrangement to lie, that the original Commis sioners are separately, (mom their colleagues, to make a further report upon various matters of pleading and practice, upon which they had entered before the appointment o f the latter gentl e me n , an d that the whole commission (as lately renewed and en larged) are to report on the important subjects of arrest for debt and the law of evidence. THE NATIONAL LIBRARY.—The second and concluding volume of Dr. TnomsoN's " History o Chemistry" forms the tenth number of the above popular work. The author has pursued the plan which gained such great success for his first volume, nmely, the se curing his reader's attention by original anecdotes of all the great professors of the sciences, so that his work may in this respect be termed the Lives of the Chemists. To this will succeed as the eleventh volume of the " National Library," "Mr. St. John's Lives of the Travellers," a sub ject particularly dear to the lovers of rare and striking ad venture. Field-Marshal PA SKEWITCH, a Lithuanian by birth, served Poland in the war of 1792, under the orders of Prince JosErr! PoritKrowsKi, and afterwards in 1794, ut the time of the struggle for national indepen dence, ❑nder KOSCIUSKO. Being without fortune, and unable to join the Polish Legion, commanded by General Postnaowsxt, in Italy, Capta i n PASKEWITCIt took ser vice in Russia, where he arrived to the rank which be ntr;v occupies. It was intended at the commencement of the hostilities with Poland, to appoint him Commander•in- Chief of the Russian forces, but it was said at the time that he had positively declared that he was ready to take a command against Persia and Turkey, but that he would not accept one against Poland. We are anxious to know will he decline, or yield to the Autocrat's insinuations. SEC ON I ) EDITION. SUN OFFICE, Seven o'clock. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT OF THIS EVENING. HOUSE OF LORDS. The LORD CHANCELLOR took his seat on the Wool sack at Ten Minutes past Five o'clock. Mr. Farquhar, from the Tanjore Commissioners, pre sented a second R.port. A Gentleman presented the fifth Report of the Metro politan Road Commissioners. Mr. Walker presented papers from the Consistorial Court in London. Viscount MELBOURNE moved the first reading of the Irish Expiring Commissioners Continuation Bill, and the Suspension of the Standing Order..., number 126 and 155, in order to enable the speedy carrying of the Bill through the House.—Agreed to. CHOLERA MORBUS. The Earl of WALPOLE wished to know whether his Majesty's Government would have any objection to lay upon the table of the Honourable House a list of the medical gentlemen appointed as a Board of Health for the prevention and remedy of the cholera morbus. He did so in consequence of a medical friend of his in forming him that there was not one person in the appoint ment to whom cases of cholera morbus had ever ban per sonally known. If such was the case, he considered it most essential that medical men well understanding this dreadful disease should be added to that Board.— Many men of great science were now resident in the country who had seen cholera in its worst shapes in India. The Marquis of LANSDOWN said he had no ob jection to the motion of the Noble Earl, but he would beg at the same time to state, that the names of the Board were in the Gazelle. One of the Members of that Board was Dr. Russell, who had probably seen more cases of cholera than any man in existence. That scientific gentleman had gone over to Russia to ascertain the na ture of that dreadful disease there, and he the (Marquis of Lansdowne) expected shortly to receive information from him that would greatly relieve any anxiety on the part of the public. The Noble Marquis concluded by moving for extracts of all communications respecting the disorder, prevailing in the North of Europe. LABOURING POOR. The Earl of WINCHILSEA brought in, and moved the first reading of a Bill for the better employment of the agricultural poor. The Noble Earl stated that he should reserve the observations which he intended to make on this Bill, till he moved its second reading, which he gave notice he should do on Friday next. —The House (hen ad journed. HOUSE OF COMMONS. At Four o'clock the SPEAKER took the Chair. Several new Members were then introduced, and took the oaths and their seats. Mr. Robertson appeared at the Bar with the report of the Commissioners of Public Turnpike Roads; and Mr. Parkhouse with the report of the seventh award of the Commissioners of Tanjore, both of which reports were ordered to be read and to be printed. Mr. DIXON brought in a Bill for Repairing and im proving the harbour of Rothsay, in the county of Bute, which was read a first time. Mr. STRICKLAND brought in a Bill for draining and improving the low lands in certain parishes in the county of York. Read a first time. Mr. HOBHOUSE obtained have to bring in a Bill to establish a Chapel of Ease in the parish of St. George, Hanover-square, and for the mainterance of the same. Lord STANLEY brought in a Bill for making a rail way from Liverpoolio Charlton, in the county of Chester, which was read a first time. Mr. SHELL brought in a Bill for snaking and main taining a rail-road from Dublin to Kingstown, and also a Bill to enable the Irish Inland Nivigation Company to sus and be sued, which were read a first time. - Mr. EWART brought in a Bill for endowing the Church of St. Bridget in Liverpool, which was read a first time. The SPEAKER, in laying on the table the lists of Committees, suggeste.l that it would be exceedingly con venient if the House would agree that the evidence that was taken before those Committees of the last Session that were to be again appointed should be taken by the present Committ. es without resorting to the inconvenience of examining the same witnesses again. SUMMONING MEMBERS ON JURIES. The SPEAKER then begged, before the House wen into the public business, to draw attention to a circum stance of no inconsiderable importance. Representations ha... 1 been made to him upon the same subject during for mer Sessions, and he thought it expedient to refer to it now that they were commencing a new Parliament. It was with respect to Members of that House being sum moned to serve on Juries in Westminster-hall, during the Session. Summonses were frequently sent to Members and it was not extraordinary those Members to whom the forms of the House were new, should be in some doubt as to the course they should pursue. Those summonses were Rot only not unfrequently sent, but they had been followed by notices of distress for non-attendance. It should be known that the first duty of Members was to attend their pl.u•es in this House—(Hear, hear)—and for that reason only was their non-attendance an excuse during the Ses sion. The complaint was occasioned by the neglect of the officers of the Courts, but the Right Hon. Gentleman hoped that it would not again occur after this notice. Mr. HENRY HUNT presented petitions from the inhabitants of Milborne Port, complaining of the tithe laws, and praying for their repeal ; and from Fife, in Scott Ind, complaining of the East India monopoly, and the monopoly in corn, and praying for the abolition of those monopolies. The Hon. Member then, in presenting a petition signed by 700 persons, inhabitants of Cullingill, in Ireland, for the repeal of the Legislative Union, stated that the petitioners complained that since the Union they had suffered the greatest privations ; they attributed the pre sent state of starvation in Ireland to the Union ; that the Union caused those periods of starvation which Ireland had so woefully experienced during many past years, and they prayed for its repeal. He (Mr. H.) now repeated what he had before declared, that unless the tithe laws were established —(Laughter)—he meant the poor laws, and unless the tithes laws were repealed, it would be necessary gravely to consider the repeal of the Union. The petition was then read. Mr. HUNT then presented a petition from several pa rishes in Brecknockshire. lie lamented that he did not see an Hon. Alderman, a Member for tile city of London, in his place ; that Hon. Alderman had taken occasion to complain of what he termed his (Mr. Hunt's) conflicting speeches in that House; be had presented petitions from various places in England, Scotland, and Ireland, and he now presented one from the native place of the Hon. Alderman in Wales. These petitioners complained of distress, and prayed a❑ investigation into, and an altera tion of, the tithe laws. The Hon. Member next stated, that after he had left the Ilotise on Friday evening, there had been some discussion on a notice of motion that he had given for the 15th of July, relative to a repeal of the Corn Laws, and he regretted that he was not present, because a Noble Lord (Milton) seemed to have mistaken the intention of his motion. His intention was to move for a total repeal of all the exiting laws that in any way affected the free importation of corn. The Hon. Membtr then moved for " A return of the number of quarters of corn imported into Great Britain and Ireland, between the sth April, 1630, and the sth April, 1631, distinguishing the different sorts of corn, and the amount of duty pay able into the Treasury thereon." Mr. PORTMAN said he tho u ght the required informa tion was already printed, and he suggested that the Hon. Member should make the inquiry before he put the country to the expense of printing it over again. Mr. HUNT said he would inquire if it was printed ; and if he found it was, he would withdraw his motion. Lord KILLEEN presented a petition from the High Sheriff, nobility, clergy, and inhabitants of the county of Meath, in favour of Parliamentary Rtfornt. The Noble Lord also presented another petition upon the same sub ject from another part of the same county. DISTRESS IN IRELAND. Mr. O'FARRELL presented a petition from the inha bitants of the county of Meath, and a nother froin the inha bitants of Kildare, setting forth the distress in Ireland, which they attributed in a great measure to arise from th e want of means of employment , a nd praying that, as a remedy, a Bill for a general drainage should pass that House. The same Host. MEMBER , gave notice that h e s h ou l I move, on the 4th of July, for leave to bring in a General ainage Bill. STATE OF NEWFOUNDLAND. Mr. ROI3INSON wished to know from the Noble Viscount opposite wheth er an y decision had b,en collate to by his Majesty's Gove rnment on the sub j ect of a p et i tion which had been presented to the Government for a :ocil legislation in New foundland ; also whether any instruc tions had been O v en to the proprietor s a n d au thorities thi re to maintain to British subjects the right of fishing on those shores, which he (Mr. Robinson) coo sidered they had an equal right to with the French ; and next, whether there was any Bill intended im mediately to be brought in for the general protection of the regular fishing there, and internal administration of that country? His subsequent conduct should be governed by the nature of the replies he might receive to these enquiries. Should Government not be disposed to in• terfere at once, he should feel it his bounden duty to bring the subject before the House._ . _ . Lola HO\VICK said, that the petition from Newfound land had attracted the most attentive consideration of his Majesty's Government. It was the full persuasion of the Government that that country had made of late such progress in civilization that the inhabitants of it oueht to have a mole direct control over its own internal affairs, than they had heretofore had. At the same time there seemed to be a great difficulty in the way of grant ing to it a separate legislation, because tin re was no town, save St. John's, which was of any particular size, in the country. The other towns were small and widely xeparat•-d from each other, so that the legislation would hweto be granted to St John's, if granted at all. Go vernment hoped that other means would be found of giving to the inhabitants of Newfoundland a power of interfer ence in their own affairs. With respect to their right of ti ihing upon their shores, that was a point disputed by the French ; for the Treaty 0f1823 and the subsequent result of an application to the French Government on the ques• tion left it extremely d oubtful—what would be the ulti mate of it it was impossible for the Noble Lord to say. —As to the third question there was no intention whatever on the part of Government to bring forward any Act of Parliament for the present. Mr. ROBINSON then gave notice, that on Tuesday, the 25th of July, he should move an address to the Crown on ti:e stste of Newfoundland. IMPORTATION OF GLOVES. Mr. ROBINSON moved for a return of the number of dozens pairs of gloves that had been imported into this country since April 1830 to April 1831, and the amount of the duty Reid thereon. REFORM MEASURE. Mr. C. DOUGLAS presented a petition from certain land owners in the county of Forfar, in Scotland, against certain parts of the proposed measure of Reform—parti cularly complaining of the ten pound elective franchise. Mr. MAULE undertook to declare to the House that this was not to be considered as the petition of the land owners in general of the county of Forfar. By far the greater maj..rity of the inhabitants and land owners there were decidedly in favour of the measure. As for himself he felt extremely grateful to his Majesty's Government for bringing forward the Reform measure again, and so soon after the meeting of Parliament, and it should have his most cordial support.—(Cheers.) Captain ROSS had n-4 the slightest difficulty in as suring the House, that 99 out of every 100 of the inhabi tants of the county of Forfar were decidedly in favour of the present measure of Refit m. Mr. C. DOUGLAS, in moving that the petition be printed, said that he had not presented it as the petition of the landowners of the county, but only as the petition of the under-mentioned Pi' spectable inhabitants. RIOTS IN SCOTLAND. Mr. DUNDAS wished to ask the Lord Advocate of Scotland whether any measures had been taken to bring those who had assembled and committed riots at the late elections in Scotland to punishment? The LORD ADVOCATE said he had not the least objection, in answer, to say that one individual at Lanark, and certain individuals at various other parts were notice prosecution at this moment for the part they bad taken in those riots. At Ayr, a very formidaWe riot had taken place, but hitherto no rioter had been identified, though every investigation had taken place. Mr. KENNEDY said, that with refetence to the dispo sition of the people of Scotland, nothing could be mote wind—he meant the disposition of the intelligent and re spectable class of persons throughout that country. No d iubt, as in all countries, there might be a few evil disposed persons who might h: ready to create and to join in a riot ; but the disposition of the people there generally was of the most sound desci iption, and that nothing could be more libellous or false than to state, as had been alleged in another place, that they only desired to have a leader to destroy the established institutions of the country. He himself knew much of their disposition, and whenever occasion presented he should be ready to give in proof to that House what he (lid know on the subject. Sir WM. RAE complained that he had been misre presented in what he had stated respecting the Scotch a e e w nights ago. He bat upon that occasion been re presented to have said, that a hotly of Scotehmen could never meet and separate themselves again, without bloodshed.—(Laughter.) Such an expression had never escaped his bps. What he had said, and was ready to re pea►, was, that though it was exceedingly difficult to rouse a body of Scotchmen, ye t that when they were excited it was by no means easy to allay that excitement. He be lieved that the Learned Lord Advocate opposite could have no difficulty in bearing out the truth of this state ment, recollecting that he himself, when he was the unpopular ( andidate at Forfar was obliged to send thirty miles for troops to put down the rioters. An Host. MEMBER, whose name we could not obtain, defended the conduct of the Scotch. Mr. CHARLES ADAM spoke on the same side. S.r GEORGE CLERK considered that wherever good order had been maintained at the late elections, it had been owing to the proper conduct of the Sheriffs.--- He considered that Scotland, previous to the introduction of the Reform measure, was one of the most peaceable pal is of his Majesty's dominions, but that since the bringing forward of that measure, all the troops in Scotland had not been able to maintain order and peace ; and he was persuaded that the excitment, and consequences of that excitement, was by no means yet at an end on the other side of the Tweed. Mr. FERGUSON would make one observation respect ing those riots that had existed in Scotland, and which had existed to a considerable extent, not, certainly to the credit of those concerned in them. His decided opinion was that if inquiries were most scrupulously made, not one of those persons to whom the elective francuise was to be extended, would be found among those who were concerned in such tumults from the one end of Scot land to the other.— (Loud cheers.) There could not be a more loyal, a more moral, a more peaceable population than that of Scotland.—(Hear.) It was the opposition to Reform that had caused the excitement—(Hear). —and he believed that the riots which had existed in that part of the country, had been occasioned by the Oppositionists to the Reform Bill. He was far from justifying such riots, but he would not let it be said in that House that his Majesty's Government or those friendly to their grand me ,sure were either the remote causes of their ex istence, or at all accessary to them in any sliaFe. The LORD ADVOCATE said it was true that in conse quence of the communication which he had received frotrt the S'ieriff of Edinburgh, he was induced to issue a proc!a mation, the purport of which was to correct a mistake which had been prevalent in some districts, that those investigations, commenced by the local magistracy', and which were going on in thier hands, \vete under his sanction, and upon his authotity. That intimations of all assemblages on the days of elections were viewed by him as somewhat questionable, as hazard ing by possibility the public peace; that, therefore, all precautions were to be taken, although he did not concur i❑ the opinion that military force was to be resorted tot in order to put down the riot!.—(Loud cries of " Heart hear," in which Mr. O'Connell's voice was particularly , audible.) (LEFT SITTING.) Lord FRANCIS LEVESON GOWER'S transla tion of " Hernani" was again performed on We•lnesday at Bridgewater House, and was honoured by the presence of her MAJESTY, and nearly all the Royal Family. The east of characters was the same as before with the excep tion of Don Buy Gomez de Silva, which, in this in stance, was personated by the Noble Host. Th e enter tainment afforded the highest satisfaction ; and, at the termination of the piece, filiss KEMBLI was introduced to her MAJESTY and the Royal Family by Lady F. L• GowEu.— Court Journal. maTti. On the 24th inst. at Notting-hill-square, the lady of J. P. St. George, Esq., of a son. MARRIED. rd ,li, ( , ) ,,n r r. e re s l5 , .1, 1 00 1 t \\ . v‘ a , aa t rr S z t :ii James's l,lecrr: Ho t on. Frances Right Hen riettarge Arden, daughter of the late Lord Alvanley. On the '23d inst. at Newington, the Rev. K. Bayley, second son of the lion. the Baron Bayley, to Charlotte, the eldett daughter of J. 1). Brockman, Esq., of Beeehborough, iu the ounty of Kent. On the .2 ,d inst. the Rev. W. Peart, ALA., of Ealing, to Isa bella Dunlap, of Baker-street, Portman.square, second (laugh' ter of the late J. Dunlap, Esq. M.D. of Sydenham. On the .2.1 d inst. at St. Marvlebone, Mr. J. Lowe, of Edith' burgh, to Charlotte, youngest daughter of Mr. Eager, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. lED. On the •.Mth inst. in UpperD Norton-street, Mrs. Hyde, in her sfith year. On the 24th inst. Mrs. E. M. Leake, wife of R. M. Leala , Esq. of Gower.street, Bedford-square. PNINTLD AND PUBLIMILD BY MUKDO YOUNU, lt 4 SUN OF'FICE, 112, STRAND, LONDON. RRITIS ST Uir diaries SuHirai Nu* Robert Wigrair it John Stuart Hip Sir Francis Freelin' Charles James Aur James , Colquhoun, James Henry Dead ,„vvilliam Fitzhugh, Pakiath Dal-well Imp Neill Malcolm, Esq. Established in Damage by. 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T " Hor Our paw A No n -Medical from Human F 4 ,: 14 baneful effects ( &e., are ful on Sexual De ' N ereating Obsery i Part 11. is a seri Itthjects, explaining Py GOSS and t, erntlibus esse ded " Since Heal , " Its frugal at 2 . The kr isirig from Lues Weak ness , &c.,wail ry extensive prat 3 . lIYGEIAN) I` 444 plaints inciden 4 'itrion, B.:c. in w 4i lior is on th e pecu hilees, Bympathie kerili ty i s espec i a l! 1411 cases illustrate " Quo fugit Vern '' Whither flies Lo% , The above n"y oster-row, London • g r eet, Edinburgh oil wit!, Bristol; • ...don Wooj Huntws C te r . ilacon and dada) • Gore and .S ., ' dd b l'tt and To • r l ltt ('/vd ielgr Salisbu , Messrs, GOSS a et.), day, at their krl'44 tie Count] lt blug minutely t ul dvice and Medici! the World. No :ill be securely pa( QOSS and Co. Ittti Filet.street,