The Sun. — London, England, 1861-03-26 00:00:00

THE KOSSUTH NOTES. The following affidavit has been sworn in Chan cery in the suit between Francis Joseph, Emperor of :Austria, and King of Hungary and Bohemia, plaintiff, and William Day, John Day, Joseph Day, and Louis Kossuth, defendants:— " I, 'Louis Kossuth, now residing in Bedford place, near to Russell-square, in the county of Mid dlesex, make oath and say : I , 1. I am by birth a Hungarian noble, of the county of Z emplen, in the kingdom of Hungary. When Ferdinand V., formerly King of Hungary, ceased to be King of Hungary, and the throne was thereby vacant, I was, by the lawfully summoned and duly constituted Estates of Hungary, consist ing of both Houses in National Diet assembled, on the 14th day of April, 1849, appointed and named to be a Governor-President, until the Diet should have adopted a permanent settlement for the Go vernment of the kingdom ; and, on the 19th day o . f April, I took, in the presence of the said Diet, in the Great Reformed Church of Debreczen, the solemn oath appointed by the Diet to be taken by me as such Governor-President, and then swore that I would be true and faithful to the . authority and functions that had been vested in me by the said Diet. The said appointment and nomi nation, and the authority a nd functions thereby vested in me, have never been revoked or super seded ; nor has any other appointment or nomina tion been since made ; nor has a ny person, ever since Ferdinand V. ceased to be King of Hungary, been called to fill the throne of Hungary, or been accepted or crowned as King of Hungary, by the said Estates of Hungary, to whom alone the power b e l on gs, by the fundamental laws of Hungary, to do any of these acts. 4, 2. The plaintiff in this suit is not and never has been King of Hungary, e ith er d e j ure or d e facto. He is not King of Hungary de jure, inas much as the succession to the throne of Hungary is a matter of strict settlement under the fundamental laws of Hungary ; and the claim to the succession can only arise after the death of the last King. But the last King, Ferdinand V., still lives. Moreover, in conformity with the 2d Article of the Act of the Diet of 1723, by which alone the present house of Hapsburg-Lorraine was accepted by the Estates of Hungary as having, under the conditions therein named, a lawful and thereby established order of succession to the throne of Hungary, the right of succession can only devolve on the next heir of the last King. But the present Emperor of Austria is not the next heir of Ferdinand V., the last King of Hungary, were not that King himself, as in fact he is, still living. The plaintiff is not the King of Hungary de facto, inasmuch as by the fundamental laws of Hungary, which all the last 14 Kings of Hungary have successively sworn shall be observed, in every point and article, by themselves and their successors, no one can be King de facto unless and until he has been lawfully crowned as King within the kingdom of Hungary, and he must be thus crowned within six months after the day of the death of a deceased King. And it is particularly declared by the said fundamental laws of Hungary that all the nobles of the kingdom are members of the Sacred Crown of Hungary, and that they arc subject to no one except to a lawfully orowned King. "3. The plaintiff, falsely called in the said bill of complaint in this cause King of Hungary,' has not, and never has had, the sole and exclu sive privilege of authorising the issue in Hungary of notes for payment of money, to be circulated in that country as money. Were the plaintiff King of Hungary, which he is not, he would not, without the consent of the Diet, possess this privilege and authority. And not only have this privilege and authority never been granted by the Estates of Hungary to any King of Hungary, but the Estates of Hungary have formally recorded their denial and protest that the King can issue notes of his own authority. The only person to whom the Estates of Hungary, in National Diet assembled, have ever granted the power and autho rity to issue notes for the payment of money, to be circulated in that country as money, and the only person who has ever possessed lawful power to issue or to authorise the issue of such notes, has been myself ; to whom, while I was, in the year 1848, responsible Minister of Finance to the then King Ferdinand V., the power to issue such notes was then given by the Estates of the Kingdom in Na tional Diet assembled, and to whom, after I had been appointed, named, and sworn as Governor- President of Hungary in 1849, power to authorise the issue of such notes was then again given by the Estates of the Kingdom in National Diet assembled, to meet the emergencies that then existed. "4. The plaintiff, falsely called in the said bill King of Hungary,' has not, and never has had, the sole and exclusive privilege of authorising to be affixed to any document intended to be published or circulated in Hungary, the national arms in the said bill, erroneously called the Royal arms of that country. Were the plaintiff King of Hungary, which he is not, he would not possess this privilege and authority. There do not now exist, and never have existed any Royal arms of Hungary. The Crown of Hungary, which must be deemed the most important part of the arms of Hungary, is the pro perty of the nation and not of the King, even though he be a lawfully crowned King. It is expressly declared, by the fundamental laws of Hungary, that every noble is a member of the Sacred Crown of Hungary; and I, whom am a noble of Hungary, have an absolute and hereditary share in those rights of the nation of which the Crown has always been taken to be the symbol. It is even required, by the fundamental laws of the kingdom, which all the last 14 kings of Hungary (that is to say, all those of Hapsburg race) have sworn to observe and keep, that persons shall be chosen by the Estates of the nation, who shall have the keeping of the Crown itself, and this within the Kingdom of Hungary. The other part of the device engraved upon the said note, and the whole of which is in the said bill falsely called ' the Royal arms,' •consists of the shield of the national emblem or arms. But neither the use of this emblem nor the authorisation of the use of it is in any sense or manner the exclusive privilege of the King of Hungary, did there now exist a King of Hungary, which there does not. The use of this emblem is not only the right of every Hungarian, but the use of it is, in point of fact, common and habitual with men of all classes in Hungary, and it is daily used and put by them upon published newspapers and other articles of all sorts publicly exhibited for sale. And this is done in strict conformity with the laws and the records of the kingdom of Hungary, which, throughout and invariably, speak of '.Regni Corona' and Regni insigne,' never of Regis Corona' or ' _Regis Insigne.' " 5. And I say that, in the notes complained of in the plaintiff's said bill, the said national emblem and crown, in the bill erroneously called the Royal arms, are merely introduced into the ornamental border which surrounds the notes, as the well-known national emblem, but not for the purpose of in any respect giving authenticity to such notes. "6. The notes in the said bill mentioned, and therein falsely called spurious notes,' do not purport to be anythi ng e l se than what is stated in words upon the !face of them. They have no re semblance whatever to any other notes mentioned in the said bill. " 7. It is not true, but it is wholly and entirely contrary to the truth, that I have intended, as soon as I receive the notes falsely in the said bill called ' spurious notes,' to send them to Hungary, and to sell some of them for divers sums of money to any persons resident there or elsewhere, and by this and other means to introduce the same into circu lation in Hungary. My intentions could not be known to the plaintiff, or to Rudolph Count Ap ponyi, his ambassador in England. I affirm and declare the faet to be, that the present state of Europe and of the Austrian Government being such as to make the happening of great changes in the relations of lawful right and the dominion of force seem not only possible but probable, I deemed it to be my duty to take such means as I was able to meet such an emergency as might thus probably arise, and to prevent the State and subjects of Hun gary from suffering the detriment that would ne cessarily follow from the want of sufficient means of circulation as money, and I have accordingly had the notes in the said bill named prepared and made ready, but had already, before the filing of the said bill, made provision for their safe keeping in England until the happening of the emergency - which could alone make use of them to Hungary to be consistent with events. And I affirm and de clare, that I neither have attempted nor have ever had the attention to attempt, to introduce the said falsely n in the said bill called ' spurious notes ' into forcible groar7' so long as the present condition of calls , revolution,' exists there. What the plainti ff restoration o r 1' but which will, in fact, be the must itself have 'laws and rights of Hungary, notes in the said hap pened bill in Hungary before the of which the named can acquire the value through their pla intiffcirculat io n expresses so much fear gary. ion in the kingdom of Hun t' 8. Detriment to the State and to the subjects of Hungary cannot therefore be caused by the making of the said notes, or cnyn.their introduc tion Hungary . On th e any int o tr e e i ry rnsn , unab t s h . Ls n a e i a d , notes could only, under be the means of relief to the State an d Hungary from the , great loss and detrimen tiewcthsi ofh the said State ane. subjects have already suffered through acts done iii the name and on the p art of the plaintiff. When: I wa.9 Minister of Finance to King Ferdinand V., and it was known that I wa ,, about, in that capacity, to arrange for the issue o f some notes upon the , credit of a metallic basis, the National Bank of A aatria, Which is named in the said bill, sent one of its directors, the late Baron Sina, to me at Pesth, to beg me not to make arrange ments for the issue of such notes and offering me, in my official capaoity, a loan of from 10,000,000fi. to 12,000,0001, without interest, and such further sums as the exigencies of Hungary might require, if I would consent not to agree to the issue o£ any notes until the time of the expiration of the privi leges which the said bank had from the Emperor of Austria, as such, and not as King of Hun g ar y . I rejected ' the offer, upon the ground that Hungary had nothing to do with the privileges of the National Bank of Austria. I reported the facts to the Diet, which approved of the course I had taken. These notes were accordingly issued upon the security of a metallic basis which, to the amount of several mil lions of florins in silver, was deposited by me in the Commercial Bank of Hungary at Pesth. The Diet afterwards authorised me, as beforesaid, to issue notes upon the credit of the State; and such notes were issued in the autumn of 1848, and again, under the separate authorisation beforementioned in the spring of 1849. But these notes differed from those in the said bill mentioned, inasmuch as they bore a date and number in writing, and my official signature as Minister of Finance, or otherwise ; while the present notes bear no date, have a number in print, and have no official title after my name, but the words ' in the name of the nation' are put before my name. When an Austrian army invaded the kingdom of Hungary, by direction of the plaintiff, early in 1849, and it was deemed advisable that the seat of Government should be removed for a time to Debreczin, I did not take with me the silver which had been deposited by me in the Bank at Pesth as the metallic basis and security for the notes first above-named, because I supposed that this, not being the property of any individuals, but only of the nation, would be deemed sacred. The invading army, however, took possession of the whole of the silver thus deposited ; and afterwards all the three sets of notes which had been issued by me, or in my name, with the sanction and under the direct authority of the Estates of the Kingdom, were first declared valueless for public purposes, and afterwards ordered, by the generals and others acting in the name of the plaintiff, to be given up by the holders; and, in point of fact, a very large quantity of the said notes, amounting in the whole to more than thirty millions of florins in denomina tional value, were actually afterwards confiscated, whereby the holders thereof were unlawfully, and by force, deprived of their property and of the fruits of their honest labour and earnings. " 9. In consequence of the heavy detriment and loss thus suffered by the State and subjects of Hun gary, I have deemed it my duty to take such means as will enable the equivalent of the confiscated notes to be restored to those from whom they have as aforesaid been forcibly confiscated, should the cir cumstances arise that will enable redress to be given for the forcible wrong thus done to a very large number of the persons and to so large an amount of property in Hungary. " 10. My life and actions are before the world ; and it has been my wish and care never to do any act in England which is, or could be deemed to be, an infringement of the laws of England. " Sworn, &c., March 16. " Louis KOSSUTH." EXTRAORDINARY SERIES 01 CRIMES At the Assize Court of the Isere, on the 21st of March, was tried for the murder of his own daughter, and the attempted murder of her lover, a criminal of no ordinary stamp. Benjamin Reynaud, the culprit, a man of 66 years of age, with snow white hair and beard—a man of education, respec table position, and easy fortune—is not a Brutus, i thinking with barbarous virtue to wipe out the pollution of a Tarquin by immolating his own flesh and blood, but a hoary letcher who killed his daughter from the vile motive that she was cogni zant of his having been laughed at by one of his mistresses. This M. Reynaud went in early life to the Isle St. Denis de la Reunion, where he became receiver of stamps and taxes—a post of much con sideration in the colony. In that colony he mar ried, had five children, and lived for many years much respected. He returned to France a few years ago:and settled in a country house at Clary, Grenoble. His wife found the residence too dull, and without any positive quarrel, although she knew that her husband was guilty of many infide lities, soon left him to return to the colony, where she had married daughters. One of the daughters, ' Madame Gardilanne, a lady of free and easy man ners, separated from her husband in consequence of a scandal the circumstances of which are not ex plained, and came to live with her father in France. That she, to his knowledge, had a lover prior to the one whom the father attempted to assassi nate was distinctly proved on the trial. He, a Lothario of three-score years and upwards, notori ously intrigued with all the women in the neigh bourhood whom he could influence by money, social position, or by that moral ascendancy which, not withstanding his age, he appears to have been able to exercise for immoral purposes. One of his mis tresses was a young married lady, a Madame Baud rand, the wife of a notary. This Madame Baud rand, after becoming, much against the grain and with frequent remorse and repugnanch, the mis tress of the father, was also the confidential friend of the daughter, and knew of her liason with M. Lobinhes, a young receiver of stamp duties, who had lately come into that part of fhe country. It happened one day that as M. Reynaud was expect ing a letter from Madame Baudrand to give him a rendezvous,a letter from her to his daughter Madame Gardilanne, came to the house when the latter was out, and the father took upon himself to open it. In that letter he found himself described as the " old one" (le vieux), whom she, Madame Baudrand, I would contrive to get away for three or four nights and she recommended Madame Gardilanne to make the best use of the opportunity to see her lover, M. Lobinhes, of whom she was so very fond. Hereupon Reynaud, as he admitted on the trial, formed the deliberate resolution of murdering his daughter and her lover and killing himself. He left his house, saying that he should be absent for three or four days. At the village of St. Marcellin he bought a brace of pistols, which he loaded, and a poniard. He wrote letters to his wife at Reunion, to one of his married daughters, and to a son who lives in England, telling them of his intention to commit the double murder and suicide. He fixed upon the notary and the advo cate who were to wind up his affairs after his death. Having deliberately made all these dispo sitions, he returned in the dusk of the evening to his own house, where he found his daughter in the drawing-room. Not seeing her lover with her he observed that he had probably arrived too soon, but he could wait. He then laid down the pistols and poinard upon a chest of drawers, and coolly told her that he had brought the arms there to use them ; that one of the pistols was for M. Lobinhes, the poinard for her, amd the other pistol for him self. M. Lobinhes, who was concealed in an adjoining room, heard the conversation, and rushed out. He asked for pardon, remonstrated with Reynaud, and urged him not to commit a dread ful act which he would afterwards bitterly repent of. Reynaud said, "I grant no pardon; take a pen." The young man took a pen, and was asked 1 to write, " I admit myself to be an infamous suborner." He threw the pen down and declared that nothing would induce him to write it. Reynaud then threatened to fire. " Give me a moment," said the young man; "let me say one prayer." A moment's hesitation ensued after this appeal, and Lobinhes rushed to a window and jumped out; but while he was jumping Reynaud fired and wounded him. A moment after he stabbed his daughter in three places, plunging the poinard up to the hilt, and leaving her on the floor speechless and dying. He then fired the remain ing pistol into his own mouth, and the ball carried i a n w fl a ie y tin a g po a rtn the o u ve pe o p v r er j y aw s , e r i but oo s without wound. Meanwhile Lobinhes returned up the stairs, and seeing that Madame Gardilanne was in her last moments, thought of nothing but endeavouring to administer to her some religious consolation. In a few moments she breathed her last, and the wretched father, when he saw her with her bosom bared and dead, exclaimed, " She was a beautful girl and a charming mistress." For this enormous crime a Grenoble jury has found extenuating cir cumstances—grounded, I suppose, from the fact of the bona fides of the attempt at suicide; and, as the French law does not allow hard labour to be inflicted upon a man above 60, A th ia e dm s a ent e en ß c a e o i d s r o a n o, only simple imprisonment for life. it Reynaud's last mistress, is missing, and is feared that she has committed suicide rather than appear at the trial. Four subsidised mail packets leave Irish ports his week for the United States—viz., one from Galway to Boston, two from Cork to New York, and one from London derry to Portland. [ADVERTISEMENT.] Pills and medicine invariably ag gl avate and perpetuate diseases ; their annoyance, dis appointment, and expense may be avoided by persons in indifferent health sending only their address to E. S. Barry, Esq., 77, Regent-street, W., London, and they will receivP gratis and free by post the " INVALIDS' Own GUIDE," or Natural Restorer, without medicine or ex p 'use, of perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, and refreshing sleep, to the most enfeebled , insuring the removk of indigestion (dyspepsia), constipation, liver complaints nausea, epilepsy, paralysis , deb ilit y , ner v o usness, palpitatiot , cough, asthma, , con sumption, dropsy, flatulency, di arr h oea , dysentery, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, catarrhs, colds, noises in the ears, rheumatism, gout , impurities , eruptions, hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, palpi tation, heartb urn, h ea d ac h e , despondency, cramps, spasms, sinking, tits, bronchitis, —"Unquestionably the safest Quids to health,_", ROT AL G.g2VERAL TiIEATRICAL .FUND. The Sixteenth: Anniversary Festival of th e R o y a l General Theatrical Fund was celebrated last even ing at the Freemasons' Tavern, Mr. E. T, Smith presiding, supported by Mr. Webster, Mr. Buck stone Mr. Edward Huggins, Serjeant Ballantine, Mr. Buck stone, Dr. }Jastings, Mr. Jerwood, Major Williams, Mr. Creswick, Mr. T. P. Cooke, Mr. W. R. Sams, Major Snell, Mr. Arcedeckne, Mr. Ledger, Mr. G. B. Childs, Captain Yorke, Mr. Fechter, Mr. Harris, Mr. S. Brougham, Mr. C. D. Singer, and Mr. Jack. Upwards of 200 gentlemen sat down to dinner, which was remarkably well served, and did every credit to the proprietors of the Freemasons' Tavern. The CHAIRMAN, in proposing the health of "The Queen," said it was out of no disrespect to her Majesty that the anniversary dinner took place that evening. Many weeks previous to the death of her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent that day had been fixed for the festival, and it was found impossible, owing to a variety of arrange ments, to select another convenient day. The health of "Her Majesty" was then drunk in silence. The next toast was " The Prince Consort, the Prince of Wales, and the other breaches of the Royal Family," which was duly honoured. The CHAIRMAN proposed "The Army and Navy, and the Volunteers." As regarded the Navy, he could almost return thanks for that branch of the service himself having been connected with it for a very short time. When a boy 15 years old he was packed off by the night mail for Chatham to join Lord Cochrane's vessel, but his mother followed next day and brought him back with all his bag gage. (Laughter.) His father was then an Ad miral in the Navy, and he believed he had the honoar of fighting with T. P. Cooke, at Cape St. Vincent. (Laughter.) Major WILLIAMS and Major SNELL replied for the Army. Mr. T. P. COOKE respondel on behalf of the Navy, and was warmly received. He would only repeat what he had so frequently said before, that he felt very highly gratified by their associating his name with such a toast. He begged that they would, if he was spared to witness many more of those happy meetings, be kind enough to appoint a younger and more efficient hand to discharge this duty. His recollection of the British Navy was of the last century. When he tried to revive it in his mind he felt like Rip Van Winkle awakening from a dream—everything was now so totally changed in the navy. In the first place their poetic sails had been nearly discarded for the more prosy, but certainly more efficient screw and paddle-wheel. Their guns, then of limited range, were now ex changed for those of unlimited range and of unlimited powers of destruction ; but above all, the material of which their ships were then formed seemed now totally useless, for their dear friend and gallant ally on the other side of the Channel ap peared practically to have towed them into a " tar nation fix." (Laughter.) He had taken the scales off their eyes, and thus convinced them that their wooden walls were now of very little use to them; and if they wished in future to compete with him, and to hold their own in Europe, which of course they must, then they should perforce give up their hearts of oak, and rely upon the soul of iron. (Cheers.) They had plenty of that material still left, and also an abundance of coal with which to lick that raw material into shape. (Cheers.) With respect to engineering capability—that was the building of iron ships—he would say, is the words of Brother Jonathan, that " they could beat all the world." (Cheers.) It was therefore some conside ration that though their dear friend had put them to enormous expense, he had at the same time placed them in possession of enormous power, and if they must surrender their dear hearts of oak, still they had within them that "British pluck" which he trusted would ever beat within the breast of their gallant and heroic sailors. The CHAIRMAN, in proposing the toast of the evening—" Prosperity to the Royal Theatrical Fund"--made a forcible appeal to the benevolence of all present, and called upon them to assist by their contributions those who, though now plunged in distress, had in their time been the means of con tributing largely to the enjoyment of their fellow citizens. This was a charity which had the support and especial patronage of her Majesty, who had always taken the liveliest interest in it, and it was one which was of the purest character, and of the most extensive range. The toast was received with loud demonstrations of satisfaction. Mr. BUCKSTONE rose to respond to the toast, and was enthusiastically applauded. He said—Gentle men, it has always been a part of my duty, as trea surer of the Royal General Theatrical Fund, to say something handsome of the chairman on these festive occasions, to speak of his talents, his high position in society, and his excellent qualities— (laughter)—but with respect to our chairman of this evening, I feel that he is like the Duenna in Sheridan's famous opera, a very hard person to compliment—(laughter)—not that he is undeserving of everything handsome that it is possible to say of him—(loud laughter)—but I am puzzled upon which of his many good points to seize, and to begin with. He is not a distinguished novelist, neither is he a member of Parliament ; that is to say, not at pre sent—(laughter)—he is not a popular actor — (laughter)—neither is he a poet, nor a great painter, nor a sensation preacher—(laughter)—while as regards the last celebrity, he may certainly reply, " No, thank Heaven, nobody can say that of me." (A laugh.) Yet still he must possess some promi nent qualities, or he could not be where he is to night—(cheers)—the president of a festival, so excellent in its objects, and so numerously attended. I have often heard him called an extraordinary man. (Laughter.) Of course that is one of his qualifications— (continued laughter)—but I am more disposed to admit that his chief recommendations are, that while he is a man of great energy, he is also a man of g rea t good nature and generosity; while, to my know ledge, he has hardly ever been known to fail in any of the numerous enterprises in which he has em barked; therefore, as impresario of Her Majesty's Theatre, lessee and manager of Drury-lane Theatre; proprietor of the Alhambra—(laughter)—projecto r of hotels and luncheon .bars innumerable, and pur chaser of everything—(roars of laughter) —the liberal employer of hundreds of people, actors, singers, dancers, musicians, artists, pantomimists, acrobats, and nigger singers—(hear) —and conse quently the encourager of all trades, professions, and almost every description of literature, from the libretto of " The Amber Witch"—(laughter)—and " Robin Hood," to the charming lyric of " Old Bob Ridley"—(roars of laughter)—is well qualified to preside at this dinner, where I am sure his great energy and indomitable perseverance will be brought to bear upon your feelings and your pockets, and that a large subscription will be the happy result of his appearance here to-night (Applause.) I have again the pleasure to inform you, gentlemen, that our fund still continues in a flourishing condition. (Hear, hear.) Our capital,' if you are generous to-night, will amount to nearly £12,000. (Cheers.) We have now thirteen an nuitants, receiving £9O, £6O, and £3O per annum, according to the class to which they subscribed during the term required by our rules; and when I tell you that ten of these annuitants are ladies— (applause)—l can show you no greater proof of the excellence and usefulness of our institution. (Cheers.) Nor do we confine our resources only to the grantingtof annuities. At the death of a mem ber we contribute £lO towards funeral expenses, and any member wishing .to retire from the fund can claim the return of one-half the amount of his subscription money, though this not very liberal claim bas very rarely been made upon us. We have 172 subscribing members, while, in addition to the annuitants I have named, we shall shortly have two more to be added to that number, and as we now possess a royal charter, we are enabled to receive legacies, and you will be pleased to hear that our fund has recently been benefited by two bequests, one of £2lO by the late gifted Lady Morgan, and £lOO by the much re gretted Albert Smith, who has often been present at these festivals, and helped to enliven the evening by one of his admirable songs. We acknowledge these bequests with every feeling of gratitude, and trust that it may set an example to others. (Hear, hear.) In the statement of " Wills and Bequests," published weekly in the Illustrated London News, I often glance over it, in the hope of meeting with some kind and generous spirit—(laughter)—who, remembering the many pleasant hours the actors' art may have given him or her, has not forgotten ' the poor player, when "age with his stealing steps c h dh o a ai sn t yc h seot vad c en a r ruet dreamily, ms h uti labourercl him yh , in ainn tdfeo l h rll i i mhg s eoa c np i n u cey t e c yn h ieo , na ' t' years suend in nra unreasonably, fah h soeof e nv n failing o iaunbrel yyf fund, nr t adds,oa o lf instruction and amusement—(hear, hear) —glanced again, to see if any of the rich departed from amongst the thousands of audiences I have appeared before, and for more years than I shall mention, have kindly and gratefully remembered me. I need riot tell . you I have never yet met with any such remembrance : still we are told not to despair, as none of us know what may happen. (Applause.) Gentlemen, it is an old but very false and ignorant notion amongst many persons, that the actors are a reckless and improvident body ; taken as a body, there is not a more prudent and careful class. Witness the four dramatic institutions now in existence—the Drury-lane Fund, the Covent-garden Fund, the Dramatic Sick Fund, this the General Fund, and then, to crown all these monuments of prudence, look at the Royal Dramatic College— I (hear, hear)—the houses of Which are nearly THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, completed, and shortly to be occupied. No, gen tlemen, I am proud and happy to say we are prudent, domestic, social, charitable, and very respectable. There is scarcely an actor in the Hay market company, that besides his lodging in Lon don, in order to be near his duties, but owns his little box in the country, while some of them are free holders, and with a stake in the State. Is not this respectability ? And also, as a body, we can boast that we are unstained with crime, although at Sheffield the other day the spirit moved a certain Quaker to attack the actors and the theatres, and which attack I read in that excellent dramatic paper the Era—to be sure his arguments were totally demolished in that journal, by an intelligent per former in the Sheffield company ; yet it would be curious to know how this Quaker obtained his pe culiar notions of a theatre—whether he reduced the brim of his hat, fastened a collar on his coat, and paid to the gallery—or whether he had never en tered a theatre at all, but derived his deduction from the intolerant and pig-headed ideas of the sec tarians. But be this as it may, we can truly and honestly tell broadbrim that no member cf the dra matic art was ever hung at Newgate—(laughter)— and which is more than the Society of Friends can say of their demure body. Another erroneous no tion appears to be entertained by a bigoted portion of the public, that behind the scenes of a theatre must be a sort of a pandemonium. (Hear, hear.) How often have I beheld the awkward astonish ment of a visitor, who has never been there before, to find it quite a scene of decorum, with the actors and actresses only anxious about their duties, and even looking upon the stranger as an intruder. See him introduced to the green-room, where, if he has not done so on entering it, he is politely told he mdst take off his hat, that being an ancient piece of etiquette, and which is observed to this day in all respectable and legitimate establishments. I once introduced a clergyman behind the scenes— (roars of laughter)—he had evidently made up his mind that his sense of propriety was to be very much shocked, still he wanted just to have a peep, for once, only for once; but he found everything so quiet, so orderly, so all that was businesslike and correct, that he told me when he went away he was so mistaken in the opinion he had formed of what he should see, that really he did not care to come again. (Laughter.) I have ad• vanced these refutations of ignorant ideas respect ing us, to prove to you if possible that, when you are disposed to be generous towards the actor-- as I know you will be to-night—(applause) —that your generosity will be bestowed upon worthy ob jects—upon those who have been industrious and careful in youth—upon those who, should they in old age require their annuities, will only have to thank their own prudence for their independence, combined with a grateful feeling towards you who have helped them to it. (Applause.) I have now, gentlemen, to inform you that our beloved Queen has sent us her annual donation of one hundred guineas—(cheers)—while I am sure; not only from the encouragement she so continually bestows upon our art, but from the ancient loyalty of theplayers, there is no class of her subjects who more deeply sympathise with her in her recent domestic afflic tion than the English actors. (Hear, hear.) Now, gentlemen, I hope you will be liberal to-night, if only to emulate our generous and enterprising chairman. Some of you, like him, have, I dare say, many irons in the fire ; but we ask you to draw one red hot, to warm us up this evening. And while again referring to our chairman, I certainly con fess to have been one amongst others who opposed his obtaining a music and dancing license for the Alhambra, because we considered the rights and privileges of the theatres were being encroached upon, and by establishments under no control. But that has nothing to do with the cause for which we meet here to-night. I—(as Mr. Box says to Mr. Cox)—may say to him " I have no animosity against you"—(laughter)—while he, as Mr. Cox, may reply, " And I have no rooted antipathy to you." " Very well." (Laughter.) It was Mrs. Bouncer's fault that we came into collision. Mrs. •Bouncer meaning an embodiment of the Middlesex magistrates. Gentlemen, I conclude with leaving our cause in your hands, and :calling upon the stewards to act to-night with double diligence, to leave no purse unopened, no cheque unfilled, when I have no doubt the donations of this evening will equal, if not exceed, those on any other occasion. Mr. Buckstone resumed his seat amid loud and enthustic applause. Mr. ARCEDECKNE proposed in appropriate terms "The Drama," which was responded to by Mr. B. Webster, Mr. Brougham, and Mr. Fechter. Mr. Sergeant BALLANTINE gave the "Health of the Chairman," eulogising his private, public, and professional character. The CHAIRMAN returned thanks, and doing so said that his love for theatricals and the drama commenced with his earliest youth, for his father was the friend ofDibdin, of Elliston, and the Barry mores. In referring to the allusion of Mr. Buck stone to his having so many irons in the fire, he said that if he had not known his friend Buckstone so well he should have supposed from his allusion that he was an old washerwoman. (Laughter.) There were many sorts of irons, but he (the ehair man) had avoided fiat irons, although he must con fess that the Italian irons he had occasion to use were rather hot to the fingers—(laughter)—and scorched him not a little. The toast of " The Bar" was proposed by Mr. HUGGINS, and responded to by Dr. SPINCKS. Mr. CULLENFORD read the list of donations. Amongst them were tie Queen £lO5, E. T. Smith £lolos, Baron Rothschild £lolos, Mr. Tite, M.P., .£lO lOs ; the total sum announced exceeded £4OO. COLLISION AND SINKING OF THE AMERICAN SHIP JUNIATA. LAMENTABLE LOSS OF LIFE. Yesterday the Board of Trade received from the receiver of wrecks at Liverpool a report of the total loss of the Juniata, outward bound from that port for Baltimore, resulting from collision with the ship Joseph Fish,. also from Liverpool, b oun d for Key West, wind , took place off the Irish coast on the morning of the 16th inst. ; and it is inferred that her captain, first officer, and ten of her crew, met with a watery grave. The report contains the sworn deposition of Captain Young, master of the ship Joseph Fish, from which the subjoined particulars of the melan choly catastrophe are obtained. The Joseph Fish, 1,119 tons, sailed from Liver pool on the 14th inst., with a cargo of salt, shipped by Messrs. Boult, English, & Co., for St. John's, New Brunswick. Everything went on well till Saturday, the 16th. It was about 1225 a.m., very hazy weather, and the wind blowing fresh from w.s.w. The ship was under canvas, steering S. by W., when Captain Young observed a ship standing towards him on the port tack. She proved to be the American ship Juniata, Captain Wilson, from Liverpool for Baltimore. Observing this, he ordered the helm of the Joseph Fish to be put hard to port, but almost immediately the ships came in contact, the Juniata striking the Joseph Fish en the port bow, Ho had previously seen the lights of the ship 'for at least 20 minutes before the collision, and, being on the port tack, he expected she would have kept away; but finding, as she approached, no attempt was made to do so, he called out to his men to put the helm aport, which brought the Joseph Fish's head to wind, and the force with which she was struck by the Juniata canted her head to the north ward, and he saw the Juniata founder in about five minutes afterwards. This occurred about ten miles S.E. of the Tuskar Light. The crew of the sink ing ship cut away the boats and launched them, but only one survived. This came alongside, and on its people getting on board he ordered three of his men to go in search of the rcissing boat, which they did, and after being away one hour and a half returned, being unable to find any trace of it. He then put back to Liverpool to repair the damage the ship had sustained. The receiver of wrecks states in his report that the collision might have been avoided had proper attention been paid to the rules laid down, as the lights of both ships Were visible twenty minutes before the collision. The survivors consist of the second officer of the Juniata and twelve others, among whom is Capt. John S. Milbourne and a bey named Wm, N. Young, e to B a lti more , th e i r ship who were passengers borne having been lost about six weeks since. Capt. Mil bourne appears to have first got into the boat that is missing; but finding it stove and fast filling with water, he jumped overboard and swam to the other boat, which picked hint up. The sufferers in the first boat were the captain, the chief mate, and tes seamen. Captain Young, of the Joseph Fish, reolleuts seeing the boat afloat before the Juniata sank; but soon afterwards it disappeared, and he supposes it to have gerie down, and that all in it were lost. The loss of the ship is reported to be about £lO,OOO. LADVERTI6EIIENT.I—HoIIoway's Pills land Ointment.— Always:Prepared.—No well conducted household should be without a supply of these excellent family medicaments at this season of the year. No other means for purifying the solids and fluids composing the human body can be compared for efficiency or safety with Holloway's prepara tions. They moderate, or stimulate, and regulate every function, and confer on each secretion its natural quality and quantity. The Ointment, rubbed over the stomach and liver wonderfully assists the Pills in promoting diges tion and extracting all available nutriment from the food. Hence the power these remarkable remedies possess of strengthening the muscles, consolidating the bones, and invigorating the nerves. They may safely be employed in every disease at any stage. MARCH 26, 1861. THE CONVICTS AT CHATHAM-. Although it had been confidently anticipated that the coercive measures adopted since the last muti nous outbreaks at Chatham had so far succeeded that no farther attempts at any disturbances would be attempted by the prisoners, there is still a vast amount of discontent rife among the inmates of the establishment, and the elements of discontent are still seething, ready to burst forth on the first oppor tunity. Since the late outbreaks there have been several minor instances of insubordination, but nothing to justify any fears of another revolt until a few days since, when information was obtained from one of the convicts, who had be©n put in pos session of the secret, of the intention of a number of the prisoners to seize the warders, and after securing possession of the keys of the building to release the prisoners and effect their escape, after first setting fire to the building. From inquiries instituted immediately the above information was conveyed to the Governor, Captain Powell, no doubt was entertained that the prisoners intended putting their plan into operation the next day, and failing in their endeavours, to repeat the attempt last Sunday. Captain Powell and the other officials of the establishment at once adopted the most prompt measures to prevent any uprising of the prisoners and a renewal of the out break. A message was instantly forwarded to Major-General Eyre for the assistance of the mili tary, and about 300 troops of the line, each provided with 10 rounds of ball cartridge, were at once despatched to the prison, and placed at the disposal of Captain Powell. The time proposed for the outbreak was the moment when the whole of the convicts are being released from their cells, at the termination of their dinner, to resume work. Until recently the convicts employed on St. Mary's Island—several hundreds in number—always ate their dinner in a building on the island, built for the purpose. Directly after the outbreak which occurred a few weeks since on the island, orders were given that in future the prisoners were to be removed to the prison to dine, and this order has ever since been carried out. Consequently, on the day of the intended outbreak there were upwards of 900 convicts in their cells, the number of pri soners now in the establishment. Since the last convict outbreak peremptory orders have been issued to the whole of the warders to fire imme diately on the convicts should they make any attempts at insurrection, and attack any of the warders. For this purpose the rifles with which the keepers are armed are now loaded with buck shot, the effect of which when fired among a mob of prisoners would be most deadly. During the time the convicts were at dinner the warders were disposed about the prison, the majority being kept out of sight, while a number were stationed in the area below, ready to fire up into the galleries along which the convicts would proceed on being re leased from their cells, should they attempt any interference with th e warders. The troops despatched to the prison were drawn up outside, with bayonets fixed, reader to enter the prison immediately a pre concerted signal was made. The guard, always on duty in the prison, was also placed in readiness to act on the instant. The prisoners in the cells, being unaware that their intentions had become known, or that any preparations had been made to suppress the outbreak, began the disturbance by the customary yellings and shoutings, and throwing their cell utensils about. Amid the noises thus made could be distinguished the shouts of " Down with the black —; "Kill the —," and other menacing expressions, which appeared to be used chiefly against the principal warder, Mr. Kinch. At the usual hour the prison cells were thrown open, and the convicts ordered to resume work. On the prisoners emerging, however, and seeing the preparations, no attempt at any disturb ance was made, and after several of the ringleaders had stared at each other with significant looks they all quietly marched off to their work. Four of the ringleaders in the shouting were, however, seized and placed in irons. On the prisoners being locked in their cells after their return from work in the evening, the same noises were made, and two more of the convicts were placed in irons. From infor mation given to Captain Powell it was expected that an outbreak would be attempted on Sunday during the time the prisoners were in the exercise L ground prior to attending divine worship. Similar precautions were again taken to prevent a sudden surprise, and orders were issued on Saturday night that only one half the convicts were to take their exercise at once. It was, however, considered more prudent to let the whole of the prisoners exercise as j usual yesterday morning, and not the least attempt at an outbreak took place. Capt. Gambier, the director-general of convict prisons, has attended at Chatham to make inquiries relative to this last at tempt at outbreak, and is also expected at the prison this day. Six of the ringleaders are now in irons and in separate cells awaiting the punishment which will be inflicted on them. During the past week a large number of convicts, whose periods of penal servitude have expired, have been released from the prison, 10 or 12 having been discharged daily. The course which has been pursued by the autho rities since the former outbreak is shown in the orders issued, and now suspended in the prison. The first is as follows GENERAL ORDER. " The convicts at Chatham must be reminded that their crimes have rendered them liable to the most rigorous imprisonment for the whole of their sen tences, and must be made to understand clearly that the many advantages which have been ex tended to them in stages, gratuities, and classes, are merely matters of indulgence, and are not in any respect necessary parts of convict discipline. "They have been most kindly sanctioned by the Government as an encouragement to that good con duct and industry which the law gives it power to enforce, and with a hope of producing a feeling of gratitude and a contented and submissive temper and condition of mind ; but these hopes have been most cruelly disappointed. " Those whose folly and wickedness have been the cause of this must now reap their fruits, and those who have allowed themselves to be misled by bad example, though not criminal to the same ex tent, will also take their share of punishment. " It is plain from the recent outrageous conduct of the great body of the prisoners, either that they do not understand their real position, and the extreme lenity with which they are treated, or that, if they do understand them, they are so incredibly weak and foolish as to be ready at the call of any design ing villain to sacrifice all in the vain attempt to resist authority. "The Secretary of State has been pleased to direct that : " 1. The whole of the gratuities credited to con victs, who have taken part in the late disgraceful proceedings shall, for the present, be considered as entirely forfeited. "2. That all remissions of sentence and other privileges attached to the stages and classes shall be withdrawn, and that convict discipline in a more rigorous form shall be enforced until the great body of convicts shall, by good conduct and industry, earn a claim to a favourable consideration of their respective cases. ‘; 3. With regard to the ringleaders in the late outrage, the letter R' will be placed against each name in the books, in order that their cases may be speedily considered. " The licenses already issued for the discharge of men during the present month are cancelled in the case of all who took part in the recent disturbance. " Any further misconduct of the same outrageous character will be punished with far greater severity, and the most decided exercise of the power which is given by law to the prison authorities for the re pression of insubordination and disorder. " JOSHUA JEBB, Major-General, Chairman of the Directors." " Note.—The following were the numbers in the different classes :—Nos. 1 and 2, 774 ; No. 3, 123 ; No. 4, 68 ; No. 5, 14; No. 6, 62; total, 1,041." It was apparent from the first that a large pro portion of the prisoners took no share in the out break, and the Government and officers were, there fore, unremitting in their endeavours to separate the ringleaders from those were spectators only. As 12 of the officers were in the corridors of the prison during the time of the disturbance they were enabled to give such information as eventually led to the adoption of the plan promulgated in the fol lowing order, by which justice appears to be meted out to the whole body, as far as circumstances would hermit " GENERAL ORDER. "The Governor having expressed his opinion that a greatnumber of the prisoners were not willingly concerned in the recent disgraceful proceedings, and a special inquiry into the cases of certain of the men having confirmed that opinion, the Secretary of State has been pleased to direct that an endeavour should be made to classify the prisoners, in order to separate the less criminal from others who bad committed overt acts of insubordination. " The task of carrying these instructions into effect has been one of much labour and difficulty ; but by the exertions of the Governor, and the eager ness of the officers to do justice to and speak favour ably of their own men, it has been shown that more than one-half of the convicts may fairly be con sidered deserving of a restoration of their privileges, and that the remainder might be classified, so as to admit of different degrees of leniency being ex tended to them. " The following are the classes into which the whole number may be divided : " 1. Those who were known to have taken no part in the riot. " 2. Those prisoners who were not known to have taken any part in the riot, and whose good character, and other circumstances combined enabled the officers to state their belief that they did not take any part in it. ;.‘ Those who, though not proved to have taken any part, may from their general prison character, antecedents, and recorded offences, be assumed to have done so. a 4. Those who are considered to have been ring leaders, divided according to the degree of their criminality into three classes. " As each case has been carefully inquired into, and the prisoner has received the full benefit of any doubt that may have arisen, the lists, when com pleted and approved, will be made known, and no further changes will be made. The different classes are to be dealt with as follows " The first and second classes, in which there are about 700 men, will be restored to their privileges without forfeiture. • " The third class will forfeit one-eighth of any gratuity due on the Ist of February, together with one month's remission, and a susnension of their privileges till the 18th of March. " The fourth class, considered to be least culpable among the ringleaders, will forfeit one-fourth of their gratuity, together with two months' remission of sentence, and their privileges will be suspended for three months from the 11th of February. ." The fifth class, considered to be less deserving of clemency than the fourth, will forfeit one-half of their gratuity, four months' remission, and their privileges will be suspended for four /months. "The sixth class will forfeit all gratuity, together with all remission of sentence and other privileges, and will have the letter (R) recorded against them. "In regard, however, to the forfeiture of re mission of sentence, the Secretary of State is pleased to direct that a portion may be regained by good conduct and willing industry ; except ing in the case of the sixth class, where any restoration of this indulgence will depend not only upon their own good conduct, but upon the beha viour of other prisoners who may have been misled by their evil example. " These inevitable consequences of the outrage above referred to should impress several wholesome lessons on the minds of the convicts generally, and lead them to a much more correct view of their real position than they appear hitherto to have had. " Ist. They will see the hopelessness as well as the folly of a resistance to legal authority. " 2d. It will be apparent that each man has an interest in the good conduct of others. " 3d. The value - of maintaining a good character, and by such means securing the good opinion of their officers, will be obvious. " 4th, It should occur to them that when so much has been done to ameliorate the condition of the convict and promote his best interests, the Govern ment have a right to expect a feeling of gratitude, evinced by a willing and cheerful, instead of a dogged submission to that strict discipline which they have not only the power but the determination to enforce. " JOSHUA JEBB, Major-• General. " Chairman of Directors." A PLEASANT STATE OF SOCIETY. The following is an account of the tragedy which occurred in Sumter county, Florida, on the 13th ult :—" The Rev George Andrews, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, killed two men, and wounded two others. He was accused of seducing a young girl 14 or 15 years of age, a relative, living at his house at the time. He was further accused of severely whipping the young girl, and acknowledged as much to the citizens. For these misdeeds a summons was issued for him to appear at the Court- house at Sumterville, before the people, on Saturday, the 16th inst. Having heard of this and of the parties who were to serve the summons—Messrs. M'Lendon and Lang—he proceeded to the house of the former and took dinner with the family. After dinner they went to the workshop. Andrews asked M'Len don for the loan of his horse to go to Adamsville, which was granted. He had in his possession one double-barrelled gun, one yager rifle, two repeaters, and two bowie-knives. While the horse was being caught, a conversation arose about his (Andrews) being summoned before the 'regulators.' Where upon Mr. Lang said, Yes, sir, and here is the sum mons for you.' During this conversation M'Lendon was mending a pair of shoes. Immediately after Lang's answer Andrews levelled his gun at M'Lendon, shot him in the side, and killed him in stantly. Turning round quickly he levelled his gun to shoot Lang with the other barrel. Lang knocked up the gun and received the whole load in the palm of his right hand. Lang then picked up Andrews' yager to shoot him (Andrews), but could not cock it on account of his shattered hand. He threw down the gun and ran. As he ran An• draws shot him through the left wrist with a re peater. A Mr. Hyatt, in the shop at the time, picked up the yagcr, ran off about 30 yards, and levelled it at Andrews, but the latter was too quick, and shot Hyatt with his repeater, grazing him on the shoulder. Hyatt shot, but missed. Here upon Andrews took after Lang, and pursued him 200 yards. Not being able to overtake him he returned to the shop, reloaded his guns, and pro ceeded over to Mr. Condray's, about one mile dis tant. At Condray's gate Andrews met Dr. M'Henry, whom he told he was tired and very thirsty, and wanted a drink of water. Stepping inside the yard, and seeing Mr. Condray talking to a negro boy, he observed, I have commenced my work, and right here I intend to finish it.' Whereupon he levelled his gun and shot Condray through the bowels, who only lived about four hours. The Rev. Mr. Parker being present, seized the wretch from behind, and held him fast until M'Henry came to his assistance. As the doctor caught hold of Andrews, the latter presented his gun. to the doctor's breast, who warded it off, and the load went into the ground. He was then tied and con fined until next morning, under strict guard. The news having been circulated in the neigh bourhood, a large number of citizens assem bled at Condray's house. After due delibe ration he was judged worthy of being hanged, and about 12 o'clock he was hanged accordingly, 60 or 70 citizens of the country signing his death war rant. There was not a dissenting voice on the ground. The last words of this hardened wretch were, lam only sorry that I did not kill three or four more." '—New lark Paper. FE-ARFUL SCENE, NEWCASTLE-ON -TYNE, March 24.—A most fear ful scene occurred in the very heart of the business part of our town last night, by which two persons have lost their lives and two or three more are some what badly hurt. Between 6 and 10 o'clock on a Saturday evening all the main thoroughfares ha Newcastle are very much crowded ; more especially in the neighbourhood of the large butchers and vegetable markets. Those markets are under one roof. They are surrounded by business streets, and on the south side is Nun-street. Upon the premises No. 6 of that street Mr. Joseph Grierson carries on business as a guttapercha and boot and shoe ware houseman and manufacturer, employing above 20 hands. About half-past 6 his place of business with other shops in the street, was crowded with cus tomers when an alarm of fire was given. A quantity of guttapercha was being reduced with naphtha on a fire in a back room in Mr. Grierson's premises, dnd a young man named Young, a shopman, having had occasion to go into this room, discovered that the composition was in a blaze. He informed another shopman named Brown, who ran upstairs and brought down Mr. Grierson ; and Grierson, though cautioned not to do so, attempted to take the flaming pan off the fire. In doing se, he unfortu nately ignited his clothes, and in his excitement the pan was tilted over on to the floor, just at the cellar door, and the solution was immediately con verted into a sheet of flame. Three young men, workmen, had gone into the cellar to procure some wet clothes to damp the fire out, and in returning were met by the flames. Two of them, Robert Wallis and John Petrie, rushed through the fire, and Wallis on emerging was in a sheet of flame. He was hurried through the sale room into Nun-street, was thrown down, a bucket of water was tilted over him, but it produced little effect, and the whole of his clothes had to be torn off him. He was dreadfully burnt, and was imme diately removed to the infirmary, where he has died this evening. Immediately following the upsetting of the pan some one in running for water had opened a back door, and the result was that a column of flame darted up the staircase into the premises above, and passing the rooms on the first two landings, set fire to the roof of the attic, and burst from the highest windows into Nun -street. The larger body of Mr. Grierson's workpeople had left at 4 o'clock, and all those who remained made to the second story windows, and leapt into Nun street. All escaped except one man, James Scott, who appears to have attempted to get down to the street by the stairs, but was met by the flames and burnt to death, his charred remains having been picked up after the fire was extinguished. Fortu nately, on Saturday night the sth, 6th, 7th, Bth 10th, and 11th companies of the Ist Newcastle-on- Tyne Rifle Volunteers were on drill, and also the Ist Newcastle-on-Tyn e Artillery, and they imme diately marched at double quick time to the scene of the conflagration, and kept the immense crowd back. This enabled the firemen to bring their engines close to the blazing premises, and by nine o'clock the fire was quite extinguished. A very small amount indeed of Mr. Grierson's stock is saved, and, besides being burnt, his loss will amoun t to X6OO over his insurance. Three or four oth( r workpeople were burnt while attempting to extin guish the burning compound in the pan, or escape from the premises, but none of them were seriously injured, except poor Wallis and Scott. It seems that the naphtha a nd gu tt a p erc h a we re ordinarily in the charge of a workman, who melted the gutta percha as joiners do glue. He had left at 4 o'clock. Before doing so, he had removed the pan from off the fire, but a boy had replaced it. NEW METHOD OF PREPARING FLAX• The Mechanics' Magazine gives the following account of the new process by an American corre spondent :—The flax is cut by machine, and bound in small bundles, which are dried by standing on end in the field. A machine then separates the seed, and cleans it for market. The small bundles are then steep-rooted in large vats of water, which are heated by steam to the temperature of about ninety five degrees for two or three days, which dissolves the resinous and colouring matter. On being taken from the rotting vat, the flax is spread by hand upon an endless sheet, which carries it first through a washing process, which removes the soluble gum, then between rollers which press out the water, then through a drying apparatus, then through a breaking and cleaning machine, which pulverises the woody stem and removes it all, without breaking or tangling the fibre, and then through a combing and gill drawirtg machine, from which it is delivered in a continuous band of clean flax, running into cans, from which it can be wound in balls, ready for the spinning factory. The only handling after it comes from the rotting vat is in spreading the straw upon the endless sheet. He says that by this process a ton of flax straw will yield 400 pounds of pure fibre. A flax mill on this plan will cost 20,000 dollars, and will yield a ton of flax per day, at a cost for running of 25 dollars. The flax straw at 10 dole. per ton is more profitable than corn or wheat for the farmer, which will make the cost of the fibre four cents a pound, and it is in such a state that it can be spun and woven for less than three cents e pound. The prominent peculiarity of this process I is the washing out of the softened gum when it first comes from the steep-vat, which removes the colouring matter, facilities the dressing, and leaves the fibre very soft. In addition to this is the ink' proved machinery, which completes the process without manual labour, and which admits of un limited increase. The production of cotton is limited by the unalterable necessity of picking the balls by hand, so that the planter cannot possibly extend the production beyond the capacity of his hands to gather the crop by hand labour. This process differs from that of flax cotton, which employs an alkaline solution, and reduces the filaments of flax to their ultimate fibres, short, fine as a spider-web, and too brittle to make serviceable fabrics. By the new process, the filaments are preserved in their length and strength, so as to make fabrics at least twice as serviceable as can be made of cotton. COUNTRY MAREETS. COLCHESTER-MARCH 23. The wheat supply was :small. Best samples realised 15 advance on the full prices of last week. Barley is again a dull sale, and beans and peas in favour of the buyer. Wheat, white 6os to 68s Beans, Mazagan..32 B to 36e red .. 44s to 60s Middle & small 38s to 460 Barley 4os to 48s White peas 44- to 481 Oats —s to —s Grey.. 38a to 449 CHELMSFORD-MARCH 15. A fair supply of wheat to-day; but business was slow. Best samples firmer, at is per qr advance on lateprices, and inferior parcels still difficult of sale. All Spring corn the same as last week. Wheat, white 39s to 65s red 48s to 62s Barley 29s to 42s Chevalier 32s to 45s Grinding 26s to 37s Malt 61s to 67s Chevalier 64s to 69s Oats 26s to 31s Peas, Partridge 44s to 450 White ' 43s to 469 . Boiling 43s to 470 Dun 398 to 42s Beans, Tick Ms to 440 Harrow Ticks 37a to 47* Mazagan 3os to 415 —MARCH 23. narket yesterday, which sold late quotations. Barley was Oats.. 24s to 300 Beans 42s to 440 Ditto s old 6Bs to 600 STAMFOR A fair supply of wheat at at is to 2s per qr. advance on dull, and prices as before. Wheat 50s to 63s White do 60s to 66s Barley .....36s to 44s KIRKALDY—MARcu 23. We had fair supplies to-day of wheat and oats, and ni" derate of barley. Wheat is advance, oats rather deaf*, and barley sold at last week's rates. Wheat Barley Oats First.... 30s Od 30s Od 24s Od Second.. 66s Od 40s Od 28s Od Third .. 69s Od 43s Od 33s Od COAL MARKS (Prices of Coal per Ton at S. d. ,T-.-MARCH 25. the dose of the market 8 , d. Walls End. South Hartlepool 16 9 Hartlepool..... 18 0 Kelloe South Hetton: lB 6 Tunstall Hetton lB 9 Haswell...., 18 9 Stewart's 18 (1 6 Russel's Hetton 17 - Gosforth .. 1 5 9 Shincliffo 1611 9 Walls End. Byron ...• 16 I arton 15 9 Hedloy l5 9 Lambert'a Weat Hart- ley ' 15 3 Carway and Duffryn Malting 24 0 Tanfield Moor Butes 13 0 Hastings Hartley l5 6 Walker Primrose 12 9 Davison's West Hart- ley --- .15 6 Holywell. ..15 6 Wylare l5 6 Ships at market, 123; sold, 73. THE MAILS. MAILS DUE. Australia' ' Ceylon, and M aur iti us (via South ampton) April 18. Do. (via Marseilles) April 12. Brazil and Cape Verde April 6. Buenos Ayres, Monte Video, &c. Cuba and Mexico .. Canada ' &c. (via L'derry) March 2 7. Cape of Good Hope, &c. April 3. China, Penang, and Si ngapore ( v i a S'ampton) April 4. Do (via Marseilles) Mar. 29. Gibraltar (via Southampton) .. .. Mar. 28. India (Calcutta), Ceylon, &c. (via Southampton) April 4. Do. (via Marseilles) Mar. 29. India (Bombay), (via Southampton) .. Mar. 28. Do. (via Marseilles) .. April 4 , Lisbon April 1. Malta, Egypt, and Adon (via Southampton) .. Mar. 28. Do. (via Marseilles) .. Mar. 29. Vigo, and Oporto .. April ar l. United States, California, &c. • 28. Western Coast of Attica ' Madeira, Teneriffe .. April 10. West Indies and Pacific, Carthagena, Cuba, &c. April 1. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—The great injury inflicted on many invalids by drugs increases the interest the public take in Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica Food, which cures without medicine. We quote a few out of many thousand cases of cures by the delicious Food. Cure No. 180.—" Twenty five years nervousness, constipation, indigestion, and de bility from which I have suffered great misery, and which no medicine could remove or reliave, have been effectuallY cured by Du Barry's Food in a very short time. W. 13 ; Reeves, 181, Fleet-st ree t, L on d on ." C ure 4 , 208 . —" Eight years dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with cramps, spasms/ and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the advice of many, have been effectually cured by Du Barry's Health Restoring Food. I shall be happy to answer any inquiries; Rev. John W. Flavell, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk?, Avoid Pills and Medicines: they invariably aggravate and perpetuate diseases ; their annoyance, disappointment/ and expense may be avoided by using Du Barry's Foo which, at a few pence per day, saves 50 times its cost in other remedies, removing effectually, w Aout purging; constipation, indigestion (dyspepsia) nervous, bilious an° liver complaints and all their consequences. Certificate No. 36,418. We find it the safest remedy. Andrew 'UM MD., F.R.S., Dr Harvey, Dr. Wurzer, Dr. Shorland, Dr . Campell. Let invalids avoid the fearful dangers of spiv: rious and injurious imitations offered under a variety or false pretences. Nevill's imitations are prohibited by the high Court of Chancery under a penalty of £5,000 against Alfred Hooper Novill and his agents ; and the pretences that Nevill has a patent for Arabica Food and that Du Barry's are connected with such patent are utterly false. No canister is genuine without the name Barry Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, in full, onthe seal and w ra pper. Shopkeepers who attempt imposition in one article mus t expect to be distrusted in all others. Packed in tins llb -2s. 9d.; 21b. 4s. 6d. ; 51b. Ils. ; 121 b. 225. ; 2415.405. The 121 b. and 241 b. canisters are sent carriage free on receip t of Post-office order by Barry Du Barry and Co., 77, Br gent-street, London; F or t num M ason, and Co.; 60, Gracechurch-street ; 4, Cheapside ; 63 an d 150, 01' bard-street ; 330 and 451, Strand ; 49 and 60, Bishopsgar street ; Batty, 16, Finsbury Pavement ; Phillips and u e ,' tea-dealers. P e tt y , W oo d , an d C o., King William-street, City ; at 127 High Holborn; and all grocers BIRTHS. ANTRIM.—On the 22d inst., at Glenarm Castle, Ireland' the Countess of Antrim, of a son. GRANT.—On the 12th ult., at Malabar Hill, Bombay, C l° wife of Sir A. Grant, Bart., of a son and heir. EWART.—On the 22d inst., at Callingwood, Staffordshir e ' the wife of Colonel J. A. Ewart, 78th Highlanders, of ° son. rMARRIAGES. DAWSON—Gun FINHOOFE.— On the 20th inst., at Leglic'r n ' F. D. Massy Dawson, of Lincoln's-inn, and the Ididu w Temple, to Harriet, only daughter of the late Rev. 111°. Sparkes, Griffinhoofe, of Arksdon, Essex. FITZMAURICE—OUSELEY—On the 21st inst., at St George 'f s Church, Hanover-square, the Hon. Jas. T. Fitzmauric e t R.N., son of the Right Hon. the Earl of Orkney, t° Frances R. Ouseley, daughter of Sir W. Gore 01180 1 0/ K.C.8., LL.D. DEATHS. • CnEssWELL.—On the 22d inst., at Seageford Hall, Nor folk, Francis Cresswell, Esq., of King's Lynn, aged 7 1 . FItASER.—On the 21st inst., at 2, Chichester-road, 1-IYde park, Captain John Fraser, RN., aged 68 . Ross.—On the 17th inst., at Woodburn, near Edinburgh , George Ross, Fsq. a dvocate, last surviving son of tba late Admiral Sir John Lockhart Ross, Bart., of Baluv gowan, aged 86. VERNON —On the 22d inst., General Veicnon, C. 8., of 11/ 1- ton-park, Staffordshire, aged 82. - __- --------- L OND ON : Printed and Published by MDILDO YOUNG, Of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN Offs ee, No. 112,Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the Co , arty 4;;st Bild 4 / e4e3r Tuesday, Match 20, 1801.