The Sun. — London, England, 1861-05-25 00:00:00

CA USES OF TEL EAIIIERICAN CIVIL WAR. (Continued from. the Times of May 23.) It is strange that Englishmen should find diffi culty in understanding that the United States Go vernment is a nation among the nations of the earth ; a constituted authority, which may be over thrown by violence, as may be the fate of any State, whether kingdom -or republic, but which is false to the people if it does not its best to pre serve them from the horrors of anarchy, even at the cost of blood. The "United States" happens to be a plural title, but the commonwealth thus de signated is a unit, "e pluribus unum." The Union alone is clothed with Imperial attributes ; rthe Union alone is known and recognised in the family of nations; the Union alone holds the purse and the sword, regulates foreign intercourse, imposes taxes on foreign commerce, makes warand concludes peace; The armies, the navies, the militia belong to the Union alone,and the President is Commander in-Chief of all. No State can keep troops or fleets. What man in the civilized world has not heard of the United States ? What man in England can tell the names of all the individual States ? And yet, with hardly a superficial examination of our history and our Constitution, men talk glibly about a con federacy, a compact, a copartnership, and the right of a State to secede at pleasure, not knowing that by admitting such loose phraseology and such imaginary rights, we should violate the first prin ciples of our political organization, should fly in the face of our history, should trample under foot the teachings of Jay, Hamilton, Washington, Marshall, Madison, Dane, Kent, Story, and Webster, and ac cepting only the dogmas of Mr. Calhoun as infal lible, surrender for ever our national laws and our national existence. Englishmen themselves live in a united empire ; but if the kingdom of Scotland should secede,should seize all the national property, forts, arsenals, and public treasure on its soil, organize an army, send forth foreign Ministers to Louis Napoleon, the Em peror of Austria, and other Powers, issue invita tions to all the pirates of the world to prey upon English commerce, screening their piracy from punishment by the banner of Scotland, and should announce its intention of planting that flag upon Buckingham Palace, it is probable that a blow or two would be struck to defend the national honour and the national existence, without fE ar that the civil war would be denounced as wicked and fratri cidal. Yet it would be difficult to show that the State of Florida, for example, a Spanish province, purchased for national purposes some 40 years ago by the United States Government for several mil lions, and fortified and furnished with naval yards for national uses at a national expense of many more millions, and numbering at this moment a population of only 80,000 white men, should be more entitled to resume its original sovereignty than the ancient kingdom of William the Lion and Robert Bruce. The terms of the treaty be.tween England and Scotland were perpetual, and so is the constitution of the United States. The united empire may be destroyed by revolution and war, and so may the United States; but a peaceful and legal dismember ment without the consent of a majority of the whole people is an impossibility. But it is sometimes said that the American Re public originated in secession from the mother country, and that it is unreasonable of the Union to resist the seceding movement on the part of the new Confederacy. Bat it so happens that the one case suggests the other only by the association of contrast. The 13 colonies did not intend to secede from the British empire. They were forced into secession by a course of policy en the part of the mother country so as no English Administration at the present day can be imagined capable of adopt ing. Those Englishmen in America were loyal to the Crown ; but they exercised the right which cis- Atlantic or transatlantic Englishmen have always exercised, of resistance to arbitrary Government. Taxed -without being represented, and insulted by measures taken to enforce the odious, but not exor bitant imposts, they did not secede, nor declare thqir independence. On the contrary, they made every effort to avert such a eonelusion. In the words of the " forest-born Demosthenes"—as Lord Byron called the great Virginian, Patrick Henry,— " The Americans petitioned, remonstrated, cast them selves at the foot of the Throne, and implored its interposi tion to arrest the tyrannical hands of the Ministers and Par liament. But their petitions were slighted, their remon strances procured only additional violence and insult, and they were spurned with contempt from the foot of the Throne." The " Boston massacres" the Boston port-bill, the Boston " tea party," the battle of Lexington, the battle of Bunker's-hill were events which long preceded the famous Declaration of Independence. It was not till the colonists felt that redress for grievances was impossible that they took the irre vocable step, and renounced their allegiance to the Crown. The revolution had come at last, they had been forced into it, but they knew that it was re volution, and that they were acting at the peril of their lives. "We must be unanimous in this busi ness," said Hancock ; " we must all hang together." " Yes," replied Franklin, " or else we shall all hang separately." The risk incurred by the colonists was enormous, but the injury to the mother country was compara tively slight. They went out into darkness and danger themselves, but the British empire was not thrown in to anarchy and chaos by their secession, Thus their course was the reverse of that adopted by the South. The prompt secession of seven States because of the constitutional election of a President over the candidates voted for by their people was the redress in advance of grievances which they may, reasonably or unreasonably, have expected, but which had not yet occurred. There is the high authority of the Vice-President of the Southern Confederacy, who declared a week after the elec tion of Mr. Lincoln that the election was not a cause for secession, and that there was no certainty that he would have either the power or the inclina tion to invade the constitutional rights of the South. In the Free States it was held that the resolutions of the convention by which Mr. Lincoln was nomi nated were scrupulously and conscientiously framed to protect all those constitutional rights. The ques tion of slavery in the terricnries, of the future ex tension of slavery, was ono which had always been an open question, and on which issue was now joined. But it was no question at all that slavery within a State was sacred from all interference by the general Government, or by the Free States, or by indivi duals in those Stat.. .a the chicago uonvention strenuously asserted that doctrine. The question of free trade, which is thrust before the English public by many journals, had no it/mac elate connexion with the secession, although doubt less the desire of direct trade with Europe has long been a prominent motive at the South. Th e G ulf States seceded under the moderate tariff of 1837, for which South Carolina voted side by side with Massachusetts. The latter State, although for political, not economical, reasons it thought itself obliged since the secession to sustain the Pennsyl vania interest by voting for the absurd Morrill Bill, is not in favour ofprotestion. On the contrary, the great manufactories on the Merrimac river have long been independent of protection, and export many million dollars' worth of cotton and other fabrics to foreign countries, underselling or com peting with all the world in open market. It would be impossible for any European nation to drive the American manufacturer from the markets of the American continent in the principal articles of che a p c l o thi ng f or th e mass es, t ar iff or no tariff. This is a statistical fact which cannot be impugned. The secession of the colonies, after years of op pression and grievances for which reiress had been sought in vain, left the British empire, 3,000 miles off, in security, with constitution and laws unim paired, even if its colonial territory were seriously diminished. The secession of the Southern States, in contempt of any other remedy for expected griev ances, is followed by the destruction of the whole body politic of which they were vital parts. Not only is the united Republic destroyed if the revolution prove successful, but, even if the people of the free States have the enthusiasm and sagacity to reconstruct their Union, and by a new na ti ona l convention to re-ordain and re-establish the time honoured constitution, still an immense territory is lost. But the extent of that territory is not the prin- I cipal element in the disaster. The world is wide enough for all. It is the loss of the southern marine frontier which is fatal to the Republic. Florida and the vast Louisiana territory purchased by the Union from foreign countries, and garnished with fortresses at the expense of the Union, are fallen with all these improvements into the hands of a foreign and un friendly Power. Should the dire misfortune of a war with a great maritime nation, with England or France for example, befall the Union, its territory, hitherto almost impregnable, might now be open to fleets and armies acting in alliance with a hos tile " Confederacy," which has become possessed of an important part of the Union's maritime line of defence. Moreover, the Union has 12,000 ships, numbering more than 5,000,000 tons, the far greater part of which belongs to the free States, and the vast commerce of the Mississippi and the Gulf of Mexico requires and must receive protection at every hazard. Is it strange that the Union should make a vigo rous, just, and lawful effort to save itself from the chaos from which the Constitution of 1787 rescued the country ? Who that has read and pondered the history of that dark period does not shudder at the prospect of its return ? But yesterday we were a State—the Great Re public —prosperous and powerful, with a flag known and honoured all over the world. Seventy years ago we were a helpless league of bankrupt and law less petty sovereignties. We had a currency so degraded that a leg of mutton was cheap at 1000 dols. The national debt, incurred in the War of Indepen dence, had hardly a nominal value, and was consi dered worthless. The absence of law, order, and security for life and property was as absolute as could be well conceived in a civilised land. Debts could not be collected, courts could enforce no decrees, insurrections could not be suppressed. The army of the Confederacy numbered eighty men. From this condition the constitution rescued us. That great law, reported by the general Conven tion of 1787, was ratified by the people of all the land voting in each State for a ratifying Convention ohoacu cApiebly for that purpose. It was promul gated in the name of the people :—" We, the people of the United States, in order to forma more perfect Union, and to secure the blessings of liberty for ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution." It was ratified by the people— not by the States acting through their Governments, legislative and executive, but by the people electing especial delegates within each State ; and it is im portant to remember that in none of these ratifying Conventiens was any reserve made of a State's right to repeal the Union or to secede. Many criticisms were offered in the various rati fying ordinances, many amendments suggested, but the acceptance of the constitution, the submission to the perpetual law, was in all cases absolute. The language of Virginia was most explicit on this point. "The powers granted under the constitution, being derived from the people of the United States, may be resumed by them whenever the same shall be perverted to their injury or oppression." That the people of the United States, expressing their will solemnly in national Convention, are compe• tent to undo the work of their ancestors, and are fully justified in so doing when the constitution shall be perverted to their injury and oppression, there is no man in the land that doubts. This course has been already indicated as the only peace ful revolution possible ; but such a proceeding is very different from the secession ordinance of a single state resuming its sovereignty of its own free will, and without consultation with the rest of the inhabitants of the country. "There was no reservation (says Justice Story) of any right on the part of any State to dissolve its connexion or to abrogate its dissent, or to suspend the operation of the constitution as to itself." And thus, when the ratifications had been made, a new commonwealth took its place among the na tions of the earth. The effects of the new constitu tion were almost magical. Order sprang out of chaos. Law resumed its reign ; debts were col lected ; life and property became secure ; the na tional debt was funded and ultimately paid, prin cipal and interest, to the uttermost farthing ; the articles of the treaty of peace in 1783 were fulfilled, and Great Britain, having an organised and united State to deal with, entered into a treaty of commerce and amity with us—the first and the best ever negotiated between the two nations. Not the least noble of its articles (21st) provided that the accept ance by the citizens or subjects of either country of foreign letters of marque should be treated and punished as piracy. Unfortunately, that article and several others were limited to 12 years, and were not subsequently renewed. The debts due to British subjects were collected, and the British Govern ment at last surrendered the forts on our soil. In the last 19 years there have been four sepa rate tariffs passed by the American Congress, and nothing is more probable than that the suicidal Morrill tariff will receive essential modifications even in the special session of July ; but the woes caused by secession and civil war are infinite ; and whatever be the result of the contest this genera tion is not likely to forget the injuries already in flicted. The great Secession, therefore, of 1860-1 is a re bellion, like any other insurrection, against esta blished authority, and has been followed by civil war, as its immediate and inevitable consequence. If successful, it is revolution, and whether success ful or not it will be judged before the tribunal of mankind and posterity according to the eternal laws of reason and justice. Time and history will decide whether it was a good and sagacious deed to destroy a fabric of so long duration, because of the election of Mr. Lin coln; whether it were wise and noble to substitute over a large portion of the American soil a Confe deracy of which slavery, in the words of its Vice- President, is the corner-stone, for the old Republic, of which Wi,shingtor, with his own hand, laid the corn er- sto e. It is conceded by the North, that it has received from the Union innumerable blessings. But it would seem that the Union had also conferred bene fits on the South. It has carried its mails at a large expense. It has recaptured its fugitive slaves, It has purchased vast tracts of foreign territory, out of which a whole tier of Slave States has been con structed. It has annexed Texas. It has made war with Mexico. It has made an offer, not likely to be repeated, however--to purchase Cuba, with its multitude of slaves, at a price, according to report, as large as the sum paid by England for the eman cipation of her slaves. Individuals in the Free States have expressed themselves freely on slavery, as upon every topic of human thought, and this must ever be the case where there is freedom of the prcza and of speech. The number of professed abolitionists has hithertd been very small, while the great body of the two prin cipal political parties in the Free States have been strongly opposed to them. The Republican party was determined to set bounds to the exten sion of slavery, while the Democratic party favoured that system, but neither had designs secret or avowed against slavery within the States. They knew that the question could only be legally and rationally dealt with by the States themselves. But both th e parties, as present events are so B!gnally demonstrating, were imbued with a pas sionate attachment to the Constitution—to the; esta blished authority of Gov ernmen t, by which alone our laws and our liberty are secured. ' All parties in the Free States are now united as one man, in spired by a noble and generous emotion to vindicate the sullied honour of their flag, and to save their country from the aby ss of perdition into w hi c h it seemed descending. Of the ultimate result we have no intention of speaking. If all is to end in negotiation and separatio n not withstanding the almost interminabl e disputes con cerning frontiers, the strongholds in the Gulf, and the unshackled navigation of the great rivers throughout their whole length, which, it is proba ble, wi!l never be abandoned by the North, except as the result of total defeat in the field, it is at any rate certain that both parties will negotiate more equitably with arms in their hands than if the un armed of either section were to deal with the armed. If it comes,to permanent separation, too, it is cer tain that i n th e Commonwealth which will still glory in the name of the United States, and whose people will doubtless re-establish the old Constitu tion with some important aanendments, the word secession will be a sound of woe not to be lightly uttered. It will have been proved to designate, not a peaceful and natural function of political life, but to be only another expression for revolution, bloodshed, and all the horrors of civil war. It is probable th a t a long course of years will be run, and many inconveniences and grievances en dured, before any one of the Free States secedes from the reconstructed Union. THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, MAY: 25, 1861.: THE NAY S'. The Cressy, 80, Captain Harvey, will be paid off Sheerness to-day. The Herring screw gunboat, 60 horse-power, has been placed in dock at Sheerness for examination and repair. The gunboats Misletoe and Julia having under gone the process of recoppering, with other exten sive repairs, have been taken out of dry dock at Sheerness and placed in the steam reserve. The screw gunboat Louisa, 2, tender to the Edin burgh, 60, screw guardship at Edinburgh, having completed her repairs at Chatham, and shipped some guns for conveyance to Leith, steamed out of harbour yesterday and proceeded to the Frith of Forth; The Herald, 8, Captain Denham, F.R.S., is being dismantled in Chatham harbour, preparatory to being paid off on the Ist June. Her guns have been landed at the ordnance-wharf, and her powder de posited in the magazines at Upnor-castle. The Bombay, 81, line-of-battle screw steamer, having completed her alterations from a sailing ship to a steamer, will go out of the fourth dock at Chatham this afternoon, and be fitted for the steam reserve at that port. The steam storeship Rhadamanthus sailed yester day from Woolwich, laden with machinery for the Black Prince, at Glasgow, one cargo only remain ing, which will be conveyed by the Dee, now •in basin for that purpose. The following appointments were made yesterday at the Admiralty :—F. L. W. Wright, Assistant- Surgeon, to the Victory (additional) ; J. J. Hoar, Assistant Clerk, to the Edgar; George H. Verner, Naval Cadet, to the Edgar. TLIE ARMY. Various officers at Chatham garrison, under orders to embark for India, have been granted leave of absence from their respective regiments until the 14th of June. The pi ueeedings of a district court-martial which recently assembled at Sheerness for the trial of gunner Patrick Roach, of the Royal Artillery de pot brigade, were promulgated to the troops of that garrison yesterday. The prisoner, who, dur ing the time ho has been in the service, has shown himself to be a man of the most depraved character, was arraigned before the Court for having been guilty of gross insubordination. When a prisoner in the guardroom he struck Sergeant IL Hickson, his superior officer, a violent blow in the face with his fist, and when afterwards brought before Lieut.- Col. Talbot, R.A., for the offence, he used highly offensive language to that officer. He said, " What the -- have you to do with it ? You have no more to do with it than any other gunner of the regi ment." He was also further tried for destroying his accoutrements. The Court found him guilty of all the charges, and in consideration of his former bad character sentenced him to undergo five years' imprisonment with hard labour. On the sentence being submitted to the Major-General commanding the district, however, that officer, in consideration of the prisoner's short experience, and with the hope that he would never again commit so grave an offence, ordered four years of his imprisonment to be remitted. The First Devon Yeomanry Cavalry, under the command of Lieut.-Col. Buller, M.P., were in spected at Sidmouth on Wednesday by Col. Doug las, who expressed high satisfaction with their effi ciency. The Denbigh Militia, 440 strong, assembled at Wrexham on Monday, tho 20th inst., for 27 days' training. The Royal Ayrshire and Wigtown Rifles, 916 strong, under the command of Lieut.-Col. Sir James Fergusson, M.P., were inspected on the 21st inst. by Col. Sir John Douglas, who expressed his high approval of their appearance and training. Yesterday the West Essex Militia were officially inspected by Col. Gordon on the drill-ground at Chelmsford. RELATIVE RANKS OF OFFICERS OF THE ARMY AND NAVY. The following circular (No. 472) has been promulgated and di6tributed among the various'ships of war at Ports mouta and Spithead. It has been received with much dis satisfaction by the lieutenants, masters, paymasters, and engineer.. Her Majesty has been graciously pleased to direct, by her order in council, dated April 16, 1861, that the relative rank of officers of the army and navy shall in future be as fol lows : MILITARY BILANCIL. 1. Admiral of the Fleet 2. Admiral 3. Vice Admiral 4. Rear Admiral 5. Captain of the Fleet 6. Commodore, Ist and 2d class 7. Captain of 3 years 8. Captain under 3 years 9. Commander To rank with—. Field Marshal 1 o General ts' Lieutenant-General Major-General 2 Brigadier General j. Ditto Colonel 1 1 o Lieutenant-Colonel J Lieut.-Colonel, but junior ol that rank Ditto 10. Master of the Fleet 11. Lieutenant above 8 years' standing 12. Master above 8 years' standing 13. Lieutenant under 8 years' standing 14. Master under 8 years' Ditto standing 15. Sub-Lieutenant* Lieutenant IG. Second Master Ditty 17. Midshipman Ensign 18. Master'sAssistant,above Ditto 17 years of age, and 2 years at sea Civil, BRANCH. 1. Inspector General of Ilospitils and Fleets, after three years' service on full pay as such 2. Ditto under three years' service on full pay as such 3. Secretary to Admiral of the Fleet 4. Paymaster in Chief 5. Deputy Inspector Gen. of Hospitals and Fleet, after five years' service on full pay as such 0. Inspector of Machinery Afloat, after eight years' servica on full pay as such 7, Secretary to a Com mander-in-Chief Major, but junior of that rank Ditto Captain • According to . date of commission or order. To rank with— Major-General, according to the date of the completion of the said three years' service Brigadier General, according to date of commission Colonel, according tc date of commission Ditto Colonel, according to thedate of the completion of the said five years' service Ditto Lieutenant Colonel, accord ing to time served ae Se cretary to a Commander in Chief Lieutenant Colonel, accord ing to date of commission 8. Deputy Inspector Gen. of Hospitals and Fleets, under 5 years' service on full pay as such 0. Inspector of Machinery Ditto Afloat, under 8 years' service on full pay as such 10. Staff Surgeon Lieut.-Colonel, but junior o: that rank 11. Paymaster of, and above Ditto 15 years' seniority: 12. Chief Engineer, ditto Ditto 13. Secretary to a junior Flag Major, according to date of Officer, Commodore of commission the lst class, or Captain of the Fleet. 14. Surgeons Ditto 15. Surgeons, promoted on Major, but junior of that and after March 28, rank 1861 16. Paymasterofeightyears' Ditto and under 15 years' seniority 17. Chief Engineer, ditto Ditto 18. Secretary to a Commo- Captain, according to date of dore, second class commission 19. Paymaster under eight Ditto years' seniority 20. Chief Engineer, ditto Ditto 21. Naval Instructor Ditto 22. Assistant Surgeon, after Captain according to the date six years' service on full of the completion of the said pay as such six years' service 23. Assistant Surgeon,under Lieutenant, according to date six years' service on full of commission pay as such 24. Assistant 'Paymaster Ditto 25. Engineert Ditto 26. Assistant Engineert Ensign, according to senio rity in their ranks 27. Clerk Ditto The following circular memorandum, dated the 20th inst., was yesterday issued from the Quarter master-General's office, Horse Guards, and forwarded to the several General Officers commanding : " In drawing your attention to the' provisions contained in War-office circular No. 285, dated Feb. 7,1859, respect ing the whitewashing of barrack-buildings, I am directed by the General Commanding-in-Chief to inform you that ho considers, as a rule, that this service should be performed by the troops, and that very few exceptional cases need arise. With a view to save unnecessary correspondence in such exceptional eases, I am to request that you will in struct efficers commanding regiments or detachments to * The title of sub-lieutenant is substituted for that of mate. t The title of engineer is substituted for that of assistant engineer, Ist class; assistant bngi ncer , I st c l ass, for that of assistant engineer, 2d class; and assistant engineer, 2d class, for that of aseietaht engineer, _34 elms, bring the circumstances which, in their o?inion, appear to warrant a departure from the rule, under your notice before making a requisition on the barrack department for the ser vice to be performed by civil labour. In the event of your concurring with the officer commanding, I am to request that you will submit the case for his Royal Highness's consideration ; but if you should not sre any unusual cir cumstances the General Commanding-ii-Chief would wish you to issue instructions for the work to be performed by the troops in the usual way. "RICHARD AIREY, Quarternaster-General." THE FRENCH ARMY AID NAVY. During recent debates in the Haise of Commons reference has been repeatedly mad: to the military and naval forces of France, as well as to their cost in comparison with the sums votedunder the Army and Navy Estimates in England. On a late occa sion Mr. Monsell stated that " the French Estimates for 400,000 men were £14,000,000 " and, contrast ing it with the strength and cost of the British land forces, drew a conclusion very unsatisfactory to the British taxpayer. But the hen. member for Limerick presented a very onesidec and altogether inaccurate view of the question ; ler, although he quoted the sum appropriated to the Minister of War in the French Budget for 1362, he omitted items of military expenditure whirl: are included in votes for other Ministries—Finance,State, Colonies, Interior, and Public Works, and tie counterparts whereof are comprehended in the British Army Estimates. Evidently these ought rot to have been left aside, and above all things there should have been taken into consideration the value of compul sory servitude in the army and navy of France— that is to say, the value between tFe market price of labour and the price paid for it ly Government, which represents a portion of the tax paid by the nation towards its defences—a tai which is em phatically and truthfully called l'iinpot du sang. The total land forces of France amount to 400,000 of all ranks, with 85,705 horses, and 5,657 enfans de troupe, indepently of troops in French colonies (besides Algeria), whose numbers are not given, but whose cost is charged to the Navy and Colonial Budget, and of 2,894 men, 663 horses, in the Garde de Paris. Classing all ranks, ac cording to arms, in France and Algeria, and comparing them with a similar classification of the English forces, there will he : England, Colo nie's, and India, France and England and exclusive of Algeria. Colonies. late Company's Troops. Staff .. 4,607 1,222 1,222 Infantry 259,841 101,230 150,128 Cavalry . 76,903 13,194 18 210 Artillery Engineers Train .. 5,655 1,909 1,909 Administrative 8,737 1,51 1,561 Services Indian Depots in 1 Er o;land - f - 6,G88 Angland .. Total 400,000 146,014 212,773 Horses .. 85,705 8,262 21,901 The most remarkable features resulting from the comparison of the above figures are the enormous proportionate superiority of the French in cavalry, staff, train, and administrative services. With only twice and a half the number of foot soldiers, they have, speaking in round numbers, five times as many in the administrative services—if we take as their equivalent our hospital and commissariat staff corps—three times as many in the train, four times as many in the staff, and six times the cavalry that we have, besides ten times as many horses, while they have but one-third more in the Engineers, and about one-half more in the Artillery. Again, i❑ the French service, the proportion of officers to men is as one to 16, and in the English service as one to 19. It may be doubted if economy could be plished farther with prudence in this respect, for to reduce the number of officers would be to impair the effi ciency and mobility of the army. They are the pivots on which the machine turns; while, whatever changes may be destined to take place in conse quence of the introduction of Armstrong guns and Enfield rifles, there is no proof that cavalry will play a less important part in future wars than it has hitherto done. Such being the case, the propriety of a further reduction of cavalry, as was proposed in the House of Commons, may be reasonably questioned. The number of men that will be required to be taken by conscription to keep up this force is 40,000 —for the infantry, 22,180; for the cavalry, 9,200; for the Artillery, 6,720; for the Engineers, 1,400; and for the Train, 1,500. The army is distributed--334,310 men, with 69,809 horses in France, and 65,690 men with 15,896 horses in Algeria—namely, in France— Staff, 4,181; Cent Gardes, 221; Imperial Guard, including all arms, 29,890 ; Gendarmerie, 20,042 ; Infantry, 190,669 ; Cavalry, 4-5,809 ; Artillery, 30,831 ; Engineers, 4,249; Train, 2,348; Veterans, 648 ; and administrative services, 6,148. In Algeria,—Staff, 423; Infantry, 40,762; Cavalry, 9,996 ; Artillery, 4,057 ; Engineers, 1,826 ; Train, 2,374; and administrative services, 2,589. lbo tatt is composed of 10 marshals, 90 gene rals of division in activite, and 77 in reserve; 160 generals of brigade, and 172 in reserve, 39 colonels, 37 lieutenant-colonels, 147 majors, 150 first-cap tains and 161 second captains, 8 intendants-gene ral, 26 military intendants, and 36 in reserve, 150 sub-intendants, and 80 adjuncts. The Staff of forti fied places consists of 27 colonels, 19 lieutenant colonels, 47 majors, and 63 captains commanding, 13 majors (majors de place), 5 chaplains, 101 cap tains-adjutant, and 49 lieutenants-adjutant, 12 captains, 12 lieutenants, and 4 sub-lieutenants, secretaries of archives • and 367 porters. The Artillery Staff consists of 33 colonels, directors of artillery and inspectors of arms' factories, forges, foundries, &c. ; 39 lieutenant-colonels, directors and sub-directors, commanding artillery in • fortified places ; 84 majors, 120 first captains, aide-de-camps; and 15 second captains, in the central depot, mili tary schools, factories, &c. ; 80 captains, per manently attached; 120 sub-lieutenants, pupils at Metz ; 18 professors in artillery schools, besides various subordinates. The Engineers' Staff consists of 29 colonels, directors of fortifications ; 29 lieu tenant-colonels ; 108 majors, aide-de-camps, and in military schools ; 150 first captains of whom eight are in the colonies; 130 second captains, of whom four are in the colonies; 20 lieutenants; 50 sub lieutenants, pupils at Metz ; 1 examiner, and 9 pro fessors, besides subordinates. The Emperor's Household troops are the Cent Gardes—a squadron of 221 strong, with 179 horses. The Imperial Guard, composed of picked and well trained men, is an army corps complete in itself, numbering 29.190 all ranks, with 7,938 horses and 571 enfans de troupe. It is divided into— Infantry.-3 regiments of Grenadiers and 4 of Voltigeurs, or light infantry, the regiment consist ing of 4 battalions, each of 6 companies, and 2,200 strong ; 1 regiment of Zouaves, of 2 battalions, each of 7 companies; and 1 battalion of Foot Chasseurs of 10 companies. A company is composed of 3 officers, 6 non-commissioned officers, 8 corporals, 2 drummers forming the cadre, and 66 privates, or 85 in all. Cavalry.-2 regiments of Cuirassiers, lof Dra goons, 1 of Lancers, 1 of Guides, and 1 of Chas seurs. The regiment consists of 6 squadrons, 1,047 of all ranks, and 801 horses. The squadron is com posed of 8 officers, 10 non-commissioned officers, 31 brigadiers and farriers, and 4 trumpeters forming the cadre, and 11l privates, giving a total of 154 officers and privates, with 120 horses. Gendarmerie.-1 regiment of 2 battalions, each of 8 companies, 1,461 of all ranks, and 1 squadron of horse, 135 of alfranks, and 141 horses. Artillery.-1 division on foot, of 2 batteries ; 1 regiment of Field Artillery (monte) of 8 batteries, 1,412 of all ranks, and 90 horses; 1 regiment of Horse Artillery of 6 batteries, 1,114 of all ranks, and 1,045 horses ; and 1 squadron of Artillery Train of 2 companies, together with 210 all ranks, with 162 horses. Engineers.-1 division of 2 companies, 309 of al ranks and 822 horses. Train.-1 squadron of 4 companies, 933 of al ranks and 26 horses. The proportion of arms therefore in the Imperial Guard is 19,245 infantry, 6,418 cavalry, 2,985 artillery, and 16 batteries, 209 engineers, and -933 train. The Gendarmerie, in France-27 legions, or 92 companies, besides 1 company of veterans and 1 legion in Algeria, or 4 companies —consists of 20,042 of all ranks, of which 660 are officers, 13,235 are cavalry, and 6,147 are foot. The Army of the Line consists of—lnfantry, 103 regiments of the Line, 20 battalions of Foot Chas sears, 3 regiments of Zouaves, 3 battalions of Afri can Light Infantry, 2 regiments of the Foreign Legion, and 3 regiments of Algerian Rifles—in all 357 battalions and 7 discipline companies. 95 re giments of the Line are stationed in France. Each consists of 1,823 officers and privates, divided into 3 battalions of 8 companies each. The company is composed of 3 officers, 6 non-commissioned officers, 8 corporals, and 2 drummers or buglers, forming the cadre, and 51 privates, or 70 in all. Eight Line regiments have 9 depot battalions in France, and each two battalions in Algeria, where the regiment of 2 battalions consists of 1,974 of all ranks. A bat talion of Foot Chasseurs has 8 companies, each containing 3 officers, 7 non-commissioned officers, 8 corporals, forming the cadre, and 53 privates, mak ing a total of 75 of all ranks. A regiment of Zouaves has 2,7E6 of all ranks, divided into 3 battalions, each of 9 companies. A battalion of African Light Infantry has 5 companies, and musters 755 of all ranks. A regiment of the Foreign Legion has 3 battalions, each of 8 companies ; and a regiment of African Rifles has 2,563 of all ranks, dividd into 3 battalions, each of 7 companies. Cavalry.-58 regiments And 10 companies of remonte (studs) and veterinaries—namely, 2 regi ments of Carabineers, 10 Cuirassiers, 12 Dragoons, 8 Lancers, 11 Chasseurs, 6 Hussars, 6 African Chas seurs, and 3 Spahis (Arabs). The regiments in France consist each of 882 of all ranks and 660 horses divided into 6 squadrons. A squadron is composed of 7 officers, 8 non-commissioned officers, 16 briga diers and farriers, and 4 trumpeters forming the cadre, and 95 privates, or 130 of all ranks, with 100 horses. A regiment of the African Chasseurs mus ters 1,127 of all ranks and 975 horses, divided into 6 squadrons, each of 170 all ranks and 148 horses. A regiment of Spahis has 1,163 of all ranks,and 1,240 horses, likewise divided into 6 squadrons, each of which numbers 177 of all ranks, and 191 horses. Artillery.-19 regiments, 1 regiment Artillery train, 1 regiment pontoniers, and 14 companies of workmen. The 19 regiments give 103 field batteries horsed (montees),7o foot batteries,32 horse batteries, and 7 mountain batteries, numbering 28,823 of all ranks, with 11,707 horses. The regiment of Artil lery train has 6 squadrons, sof 5 companies, and 1 of 10 companies(in Algeria),of 3,509 of all ranks,and 2,623 horses. The regiment of pontoniers musters 12 companies, containing 1,414 of all ranks, and 111 horses. The 14 companies of workmen number 1,152, officers and privates. Engineers.-3 regiments in France, mustering each 1,911 of all ranks, and 20 horses, divided into 2 battalions, each of 7 companies, besides a company of workmen of 102 officers and privates. In Algeria 9 companies, and 1 of workmen. Train.—Construction parks, 44 officers and pri vates ; repair ing parks, 22 ditto ; 5 squadrons of 24 companies, and 4 companies of workmen. Veterans. - 1 company of non-commissioned offi cers, and 4 of Artillerymen-648 of all ranks. Administrative Services.—Military hospitals, 58 chaplains, 761 health officers, 335 officers of admi nistration, 3,429 hospital aides; commissariat, 3,365 ; clothing and encampment, 375 ; intendance, 340 ; and justice 84—officers and privates. The total amount voted for the Army under the head of Ministry of War is £14,919,896, and "credit essential for the inscription of military pensions," £BB,OOO, making a total of £15,007,896. It will be necessary to add to this sum certain amounts in order to arrive at the real cost of the French Army and to be able to institute comparisons between it and the British Army Estimates. The additions are :—ln the Ministry of Finance, charges on the Consolidated Fund, Marshal Pelissier's dotation, £4,000; military pensions, £1,563,200 ; estimated proportion of expenditure under the head of " Legion of Honour," £454,503. In the Ministry of Public Works—£24,ooo for strategical roads ; army dotation fund, £2,268,400, obtained from " smart " paid for exoneration from military ser vitude, and charges on the Consolidated Fund, and expended in bounties, extra pay, &c. In the Ministry of the Interior, contribution to the Paris National Guards, £3,200; subvention to the Gardes de Paris, £153,880 ; barracks for gen darmes, £92,000 ; guardhouses, £1,200. In the Ministry of Public Education, army chaplains, £1,132. In the Navy, gunpowder and ordnance, £105,364. In the Colonial Department, general, artillery,and engineers' Staff, £24,730; gendarmerie, engineers, train, spahis, discipline companies, and native troops, £140,201; estimated proportion of cost of rations, hospitals, and transports, £223,279 ; and £71,868 for military services of barracks, en campment, artillery, and engineering. In the De partment of Algeria, for gunpowder, £11,648 ; army interpreters, £B,OOO. Doubtless many other items should be included, such as those for horse-breeding establishments, and numerous works in Algeria. Leaving these aside, however, as being liable to be called in question, the items quoted and the sums voted to the Minister of War give a total of £20,158,501 as the cost to the State of the French army. Althongh it would be too tedious to estab lish an exact comparison, because of the different systems of keeping accounts in the two countries, an approximation can be made out that will be sufficient for - all practical purposes, and that on the whole will convey an accurate idea of the expenses that figure in the French Budget and in the British Army Estimates : British Army French Budget. Estimates. 1; £ Administration Pay, provisions, fuel, &c 11,272,272 .. 6,463,048 Clothing 876,431 .. 525,416 Recruiting Movement of troops 91,011 .. 180,000 Justice 48,241 .. 50,125 , Purchase of horses: 235662 .. 59,466 Forage.. Stores and factories Education Barracks 93,200 .. 690,159 Civil Buildings 179,407 ___ ~. Fortifications 24,000 .. 158;185 Pensions 3,225,936 .. 2,112;868 £20,159,624 £14,606,751 When it is remembered that the French army is recruited by conscription, that military servitude is remunerated at a price paid by the State below the market rate of labour, it will be evident that the £20,000,000 sterling paid in taxes for the army is very far from representing its full cost to the nation. What is the amount of real cost it is im possible to ascertain exactly. In his evidence before the Army Recruiting Commission the As sistant Under Secretary of State for War in Eng land said, " Conscription, which is at first sight and superficially a cheap mode of recruiting armies, is, in reality, the most expensive that can be adopted. It is a tax by lot—confessedly the very worst kind. . The case is still harder with those who can not afford to purchase substitutes; on them the conscription is a tax which takes at one swoop their whole capital—i,e. their labour and their time. . . . In these cases the pecuniary amount of the tax is represented by the difference between the value of the conscript's labour at his own calling and his pay as a soldier." If we take this difference at 6d. a day—which is certainly the lowest, and in the case of skilled labourers not a tithe of their loss —the annual value representing the unremunerated labour given by soldiers will be £3,935,416; for out of the 400,000 effectives of the French army there are 376,484 non-commissioned officers and privates, and 23,576 commissioned officers. Consequently, the total oost of the French army will be £24,094,040, an amount which must appear onerous beyond mea sure to Englishmen, and dissipate many illusions among them as to the disproportion between the cost of the French and British armies.-7inzes. ALARMING ACC DENT. An accident of a very fearful character occurred yesterday morning at the works which are going on at the Euston-road, St. Pancras, for the forma tion of the Metropolitan, or Underground Railway, by the giving way of a large portion of the earth works. For sometime past that pertiotf of the Euston road lying between Judd-street and Wilstead-street has been closed, except for foot passengers, and un like the previous part of the work in the Euston road, which was tunnelled, the roadway has been excavated, the cutting extending from kerb to kerb. A small portion of the archway has been completed, and the work appeared to be going on very satis factorily, and without any sign of danger, until about a week since, when the inhabitants of the houses on either side of the road were alarmed by their houses shaking, notwithstanding that they stand back a considerable distance, the forecourts or gardens on either side being between 80 and 100 feet from the pavement. The pavement and a por tion of the gardens began to sink, and the inter stices in the pavement and the garden walls were filled up to prevent the fracture going any further. Oa Thursday afternoon the works were going on as usual when the foreman of Mr. Jay, the con tractor, first saw that the earth on either side appeared to be a little loose. The work, however, went on as usual, and nothing of importance was noticed until between one and two yesterday , morning, when from the cracking of the earth any. timbers danger was apprehended; so much so that the foot pavement was at once stopped, and no one was allowed to pass. Small portions of earth kept falling from that time until about three o'clock, when a large portion of earth gave way on the north side of the road ; but the workmen having fortunately been apprised of the danger none of them were injured. Shortly afterwards another fall took place, and about four o'clock the whole of the :earth in front of the pavement on the north side, the pavement itself, and the walls and railings in front of no less than eight houses, fell in with a tremendous crash, the noise resembling a dreadful explosion. The fall caused the houses ,:to shake, and the inhabitants being alarmed rushed out, fear ing the houses were about to fall. The whole of the gas, water, telegraph, and other pipes fell in, and were destroyed, and the heavy timber which was used for supporting the earth on either side was broken in half. Workmen were immediately engaged in shoring up the walls and houses, and in stopping the water and gas pipes, for both being full on great danger was to be apprehended. The ether portions of the work, notwithstanding the accident, are going on as usual. A large number of workmen are engaged in removing the debris. It may be stated that the forecourts and the pave ment on the south side are very much cracked, and in a dangerous state. The Electric Light is now produced by the latent but im mense force of the magnet, precisely similar to that em ployed in Herring's magnetic brushes. Dr. Hassall says " I regard them as the most perfect brushes hitherto made, as respects their mechanical construction, and their magneti cal action." They are the remedy for grey hair, neuralgia, rheumatism, &c. N.B.—Counterfeits are Doing made. OfNeo , 32, Buinghall-street, Loudon. FROM TILE GAZETTE OF LAST NIGHT. DOWNINU-STREET, Mn 23, 18G1. The Queen has been pleased to appoint Charles Haszard, Esq., to be a Member of the Legislative Council of the Island of Prince Edward ; Frederick 'Warner, Esq., to be a Member of the Legislative Council of the Island oTrini dad ; and Donald Fraser, D av id Cameron, and Alfred John Langley, Esqrs., to be Members of the Council of the Island of Vancouver. - - - - • FOREIGN-OFFICE, MAY 22, 1861. the Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. Freeman H. Morse as Consul in London, of Mr. John Britton as Consul at Southampton, and of Mr. Andrew G. Carothers as Consul at Turk's Island, for the United States of America. WAR-01 , FICE PALL-MALL, MAY 24. Royal Regiment of Horse Guards—Lieutenant Alan Plan tagenet, Lord Garlies, to be Captain, by purchase, vice Peach, who retires; Cornet Digby Hanmer Richard Wingfield to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Lord Garlies. 3d Dragoon Guards—Assistant-Surgeon Stewart Aaron Lithgow, from the 6th Dragoon Guards, to be Assistant- Surgeon, vice, Stanley, appointed to the Staff. 7th Dragoon Guards—George Goodall, Gent., to be Ccfrnet, by purchase, vice Redman, promoted. 9th Light Dragoons—Major and Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel William Drysdale, C.B , to be Lieutenant-Colonel, by purchase, vice Brevet Colonel Archibald Little, C. 8., who retires on half-pay; Captain and Brevet Major Chardin Philip Johnson to be Major, by purchase, vice Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Drysdale; Lieutenant Piers Thursby to be Captain, by purchase, vice Brevet Major Johnson ' • Cornet Charles Ashburnham Floyd to be Lieu tenant, by purchase, vice Thursby; Lieutenant Samuel Seggie, fro u the Ist Foot, to be Quartermaster, vice Peter House, appointed Quartermaster Cavalry Depot, Maid stone. 12th Light Dragoons—Lieutenant Do Burgho Edward Hodge, from the 15th Foot, to be Lieutenant, vice Samuel Adams, who exchanges. 13th Light Dragoons—Major Soame'Gambior Jenyns, C.B , from the 18th Light Dragoons, to be Lieutenant-Colonel, by purchase, vice Arthur Tremayne, who retires. 18th Light Dragoons—Captain Henry Brett to be Major, by purchase, vice Soame Gambier Jenyns, C. 8., pro moted in the 13th Light Dragoons; Lieutenant Thomas Phillips to be Captain, by purchase, vice. Brett. Ist Regiment of Foot—John de Stuteville Isaacson, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase, vice Davey, promoted ; Francis Robert Stanton, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase, vice Mills, promoted. 2d Foot—Major and Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Addison, C. 8., to be Lieutenant-Colonel, without pur chase, vice Brevet Colonel Stanhope William Jephson, C. 8., who retires upon full-pay ; Captain Richard Hill Rocke to be Major, without purchase, vice Brevet Lieu tenant-Colonel Addison; Lieutenant Thomas John to be Captain, without purchase, vice Rocke ; Ensign Thomas Dudley Fosbroke to be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice John. 7th Foot—Lieutenant Charles Bagnell, from the 5 1 d Foot, to be Lieutenant, vice William Loraine Geddes, who exchanges. 9th Foot—Lieutenant Henry George Hunt Grubbe to be Captain, by purchase, vice William Nugent, who retires ; Ensign Zachary Stanley Bayly to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Grubbe; Ensign Marsden Samuel James Sunderland, from the Bedford Militia, to be Ensign, by purchase, vice E. J. A. Smith, appointed to the 97th Foot. 12th Foot—Staff-Surgeon Henry March Webb, M. 8., to be Surgeon, vice Woclsworth, who exchanges. 15th Foot—Lieutenant Samuel Adams, from the 12th Light Dragoons, to he Lieutenant, receiving the former dirfe. rence between a Cavalry and Infantry Lieutenancy, vice De Burgho Edward llodge, who exchanges. 17th Foot—West Stuart Awdry, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Jackson, promoted. 21st Feet—Ensign Walter Nowell Carey to bo Lieutenant, by purchase, vice James Anderson Ogilvy Carnogy, who retires. 22d Foot—Robert Fleetwood William Rynd, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice John Claxton Addison, ap pointed to the 35th Foot. 38th Foot—Lieutenant Adrian Augustus Von Beverhoudt, from the 87th Foot, t) be Lieutenant, vice Andrew Mac donald Grote, who exchanges. 41st Foot=Lieutenant Mylrea Tellett Quayle to be In structor of Musketry, vice Lieutenant I. Francis Ken nedy, who has resigned that appointment. 42d Foot—Lieutenant Murdoch Macleod to be Captain, by purchase, vice William Crofton "Ward, who retires; En sign Samuel Gordon McDakin to be Lieutenant, by pur chase, vice Murdoch Macleod ; Edward Percy Hicks, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice McDakin. 43d Foot—Wellington James Denton, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase, vice Villiers, promoted. 49th Foot—Ensign John Jamison Russell Russell to be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Robert Hall Spratt, deceased. 50th Foot—David Lyall Grant, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Atthill, promoted: 51st Foot—Ensign Dudley Villiers Stuart to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Riland W. 011 ham, who retires; Stewart John Dyer, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Robertson, promoted; James Rutherford Lumley, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Stuart. 53d Foot—Lieutenant William Loraine Geddes, from the 7th Foot, to be Lieutenant, vice Charles Bagnall, who exchanges. 57th Foot—Andrew Balfour Duncan, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Clayton, promoted. 60th Foot—Staff-Surgeon John Phillips Cunningham M.D., to be Surgeon, vice Schooles, appointed to the Staff. 79th Foot—Augustus Henry Turner, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Murray, promoted. 82d Foot—Alfred Reamsbottom, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Charles Henry Marchant, who retires. _ . 87th Foot—Lieu( enant Andrew Macdonald Grote, from the 38th Foot, to be Lieutenant, vice Adrian Augustus Von Beverhoudt, who exchanges ; Staff-Surgeon Thom . _ Carey to be Surgeon, vice Siirgeon-Major Richard George Davys Banon, appointed to the Staff. 98th Foot—Arthur Henry Hallam Jesse, Gent., to be En sign, by purchase, vice Thorp, promoted. UNATTACHED.—Lieutenant George Symons, from the Military Train, to be Captain, without purchase. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. Surgeon-Major Henry Pilleau, who retires upon half pay, to have the honorary rank of Deputy Inspector- General of Hospitals, in accordance with the Royal War rant of the Ist October. 1858. Surgeon-Major Henry James Schooles, M.D., from the 60th Foot, to be Staff-Surgeon-Major, vice Pilleau Surgeon-Major Richard George Davys Banon, from the 87th Foot, to be Staff-Surgeon-Major, vice Cunningham, appointed to the 60th Foot. Surgeon Dudley Clifton Wodsworth, from the 12th Foot, to be Staff-Surgeon, vice Webb, who exchanges. The following Assistant-Surgeons to be Staff-Assistant- Surgeons : Wallace Howard, from the 87th Foot, vice Chas. Henry Young Godwin, placed upon half-pay. George Henry Finlay, from the 55th Foot, vice John Walters, M. 8., placed upon half-pay. Thomas Smith Hollingsworth, from the 24th Foot, vice Franklin Gillespie, M.D., placed upon half-pay. William Ramsay, M.D., from the 37th Foot, vice Albert Augustus Gore, placed upon half-pay. St. John Stanley, from the dd Dragoon Guards, vice Thomas Maunsell, placed upon half-pay. Robert Henry Beale, from the 53d Foot, vice Geo. Farr White, placed upon half-pay. George Langford Hinde, from the 41st Foot, vice Fred. Robert Wilson, M. 8., placed upon half pay. Herman Bicknell, from the 84th Foot, vice Wm. Henry Jones, M.D., placed upon half-pay. Alex. Watt Beveridge ' M.D., from the 7 8 th Foot, vice Nathaniel Alcock, placed upon half-pay. Charles Mackinnon, from the 61st Foot, vice Donald Macgillivray Davidson, M.D., placed upon half-pay. Daniel Murray, M. 1., from the 100th Foot, vice Robt. vice Regina' Croft Edward Heath, 11 Walter John, f r e D m "t p la l e " 2 e 9 d th uri F o o n ot h , al v f ie p e aY liobert Adams, M.D., placed upon half-Pay. from the 2d Foot, • Henry Cole Peppin, Lever, placed upon half-pay. Charles Henry Leet, from the sth Foot, vice Bronislaw James Jaztlowski, M. 8., placed upon half-pay. Richard Westrop Saunders, M.D., from the 23d Foot, vice James Thompson, placed upon half-pay. James Hinton, from the 15th Foot, vice Caleb Shera Wills, placed upon half-pay. Francis H en ry Preston, from the 22d Foot, vice Robert Do Burgh Riordan, paced upon half-pay. John McKinnel, M.D., from the 73d Foot, vice Samuel Hope, placed upon half. pay. Joseph Salkeld Johnston, M.D., from the 24th Foot, vice Thomas Young Baker, placed upon half-pay. Julius Wiles, from the th Foot, vice John Henry N. Bracken, placed upon half-pay. Richard Beresford Carson, M. 8., from the 2d Foot, vice Patrick Quinlan, placed upon half-pay. Joseph Edward O'Loughlin, from the Bth Foot, vice Frank Pout, placed upon half-pay. James Henry Jeffcoat, from the 9th Foot, vice Patrick Charles Baxter, M. 8., placed upon half-pay. Robert Lindsay, M. 8., from the 39th Foot, vice Samuel Gamble White, M.D., placed upon half-pay. John Davidge, from the 26th Foot, vice Henry Lamb, placed upon half-pay. William Alexander Gardiner, from the 16th Foot, vice Henry Offley Harvey, placed upon half-pay. George Forbes Adams, from the 3d Foot, vice Erskine Burnett Grant, M.D., placed upon half-pay. Wilton Everet, from the 11th Foot, vice William Robert Wall, placed upon half-pay. Joseph Francis Ashbyt from the 11th Foot, vice Thos. Pattison Flynn, placed upon half .pay. CHAPLAIN'S DEPARTMENT, - . The Rev. H. Egan, M.A., has been permitted to res i g n his commission as chaplain to the Forces. BREVET. - Brevet-Colonel Stanhope William Jephson, C. 8., retired full-pay 2d Foot, to have the honorary rank of Major- General. Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Walter Lacy, 56th Foot o have the rank of Colonel under the provisions of the Bth clause of the Royal Warrant of the 14th October, 1858. Captain Charles Wyndham Lamotte, half-ray Unat tached, to be Major in the Arm y am Lamotte, half-pay . Brevet-Major Charles W y ndh ti n . ailiched, to be Lieutenant -Colonel in the Army. Lieutenant William Hughes, Paymaster, 82d Foot, to have the honorary rank of Captain, under the Royal War rant of the 27th January, 1860. The undermentioned Paymasters and Barrack Masters of the Royal Marines to have the honorary rank of Major, under her Majesty's OrdOr in Council of 16th April, 1861: Captain Ambrose A. R. Wolrige. Captain Isaac Toby. Captain George Hookey. Captain George Watson. Captain Thomas B. Gray. The ptomotion of Captain H. E. Hicks, Madras Artil lery, as Major in the Army, to bear date 15th February, 1861, and nut 1851, as stated in the Gazette of the former date. MEMORANDUM. The undermentioned Officers upon half-pay have been permitted to retire from the Service by the sale of their Commissions, under the conditions of the Horse Guards Circular Memorandum of 15th Februrtry, 1861: Captain Charles 'Wyndham Lamotte, half-pay Unat tached. Captain Wadham Wyndham Bond, half-pay Unat tached. Cornet John Wood, half-pay, late Land Transport Corps. BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED. William Crabb and John Couch Crabb, cotton spinners, Oldham. BANKRUPTS. William Stillman, leather cutter, Newbury, Berks, to surrender June 4 and July 4, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy.. John William 3larsh, printer, Tipton, June 6 and 27, at eleven, at the Birmiugham District Court. . John Adwurcl 'that weaufuetarer, Trump-greet, Cheapside, June 4, at half-p ast one, and July 3, at twelve, t.t the Court of Bankruptcy, Frederick Wm. Thomas, I auctioneer, Basinghall-street , June 4, at eleven, and July 3, at half-past twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. James Cook and Henry Bickerton Greenwood, wino merchants, Mark-lane, June 5, at half-past two, and July 1, at twelve, at the Court of : Bankruptcy. Thomas Birch, cotton spin ner, Manchester, June 1 1 , an d July 4, at twelve, at the Afa nchester District Court. George William Cave, 13, leacher, Nottingham, June 6 and 25, at eleven, at the Sb d rehall, Nottingham. Henry Van Gelder ' mer el rent, Crutched-friars, June 6, at two, and July 5, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. , George Thompson, tail Cr, Manchester Juno 11, and 3, at twelve, at the A lanchester District Court. John Crossley, jun., cots kin spinner, Manchester, J un e 4 and 26, at twelve, at the N tsmchester District Court. Alexander Thomas Snap a, licensed victualler, Forsbrook, Staffordshire, June 6 and at eleven, at the Birmingham District Court. Wm. M'Cherry and Wt i. M'Neill, provision agents , Adelaide-place, City, June 4, at half-past eleven, and July 9, at twelve, at the Cot] rt of Bankruptcy. Wm. East, currier, Sudbm y, Suffolk, June 4 and JulY 2 l at half-past two, at the Courl •; of Bankruptcy. SCOTCH H. ANKRUPTS. Robert Innes, portrait pa.i3 iter, Edinburgh. Archibald Leslie, farmer,, Hillockhead, ILothes. Donald Pryde, herring net manufacturer, Lybster, Caithness-shire. BANK OP ENGLAND. An Account, pursuant to. the Act 7th and Bth Victoria. cap. 32, for the week endin g on Wednesday, the 22d day of May, 1861: ISSUE IIE r Notes Issued £25,631,' ), ARTMENT. Government Debt £11,015, 100 Other Securities .. 3,459,9 00 Gold Coin & Bullion 10,597, 262 Silver Bullion .... 562,688 £25,634,! )4 01 £25,634,9 40 Proprietors' Capi tal X 14.553,0 00 Rest Public Deposits (in cluding Exche quer, Savings' Banks, Commis missioners of Na tional Debt, and Dividend Ac- IEPART3ILENT. Government Secu rities (including Dead Weight A nnuity) .£10,180,9 38 Other, Securities 19,722, 847 Notes Gold and Silver Coin 835,161 counts) 6,906,1611 Other Deposits 11,201,313 Seven Day and other Bills 626,8401 £31,559,3%5 M... :436,550,32 6 .RSHALL, Chief Cashier. Dated May 23, 1861. AVERAGE PR: CE OF SUGAR. The Average Price of Brce wn or Muscovado Sugar, com puted from Returns made in the week ending the 2154 day of May, 1861, exclusive of the duties of Customs paid or payable thereon on the kn . portation thereof into Great Britain : Muscovado, the produce. a 1:* the British pos- PER CWT. sessions in America.... Muscovado, the produce of the Mauritius 30s lld Muscovado, the:produce of the East Indies 32s 8d Average price of the for egi ping .. 26s 20 COUNTR Y .11.14.RE.ETS. LIVERPt ) OL-MAY 24. There was a thin attendance of the town and count* , trade at this morning's ruarket, and we had a limited business doing in wheat, a ad to effect sales a decline of ld to 2d per rental had to be s rabmitted to. Flour an inactive inquiry, at no advance on late quotations. Oats and oat meal were at late quotations. Barley, beans, and peas the turn lower, in absence of demand. In Indian corn a fur ther decline of 61 to is per qr. . WAKEFI ELD-MAy 24 The supplies of grain at= market to-day were very good. The wheat trade rather dull, and for good descriptions there was a retail demand,, at last Friday's extreme rates. Barley nominal, our malts.ters having generally closed for the season. In beans, oats, and shelling there was no change. LOUGHBOROUGH-MAY 23. At this market to-day the show of wheat was less, with a slow demand, and last week's rates were scarcely rea lised ;Iwhite, 64s to 72s ; red, 50s to 66s per 36 stone. Bar ley was quite as cheap as in the week previous, malting selling at 37s to 41s por qr., grinding 29s to 32s per 30 at- Oats a ready sale, and supported their late values. BeanS as dear. EXETER--MAY 24. Wheat, white.. 7s Od to 8s Od I Barley.. 4 s Od t o 5 s Od Ditto new .7s Od to 7s 9d Oats 3s 3a to 3s 6 1 Flour, fine, 45s to 465; seconds, 43s to 44s per sack. CATTLE. There was a good supply of cattle, with a fair sale, and last week's rates realised. Pork carcases in small suppllt and a clearance effected. Fat beef,p score, lls to 12s6d Pork careases,dolos to lls Od Sheep, per lb. Od to —d Rough fat Ewes, per lb .... 60 to Od Wethers, do. .7d to Od. Fat calves, d0....61d to 01 41d per lb. BRISTOL SUGAR-MAY 24. Our raw sugar market continues very quiet, the trans-. actions indeed being in retail. Refined goods were firm. The only sales of rum have been a few puncheons to meet present requirements, at prices which have not transpired. COAL MARI (rrfocs of Coal per Ton a B.ld. Byass's Bebside West Hartley l6 0 Carway and Duffryn Malting - - - - - .ET—MAY 24. the close of the market s. d. Hastings Hartley 16 0 Straker's West Hartleyl6 0 Walls End. Kelloe ......16 6 South Heti Oil 17 6 South Hartlepool 16 0 Cassop .. 16 6 6 South Kelloe l6 Hartlepool.... l7 0 Brilddyll's Hetton 16 ,0 Keiper Grange.... l6 3 Heugh Hall 16 Haswell l7 6 Ships at market, 45 ; sold, 32. Do. — Anthracite 21 6 Wylam l5 9 Lambert's West Hart- ley 15 9 Albea,th Steam l6 0 Craghead Hartley 15 0 Holywell 16 0 West Hartley 16 0 North Percy Hartley 15 0 Walker Primrose 12 9 By a resolution of the Soc buyers will not attend market inst., it being the Derby-day iety of Coal-merchants, the on Wednesday next, the 29. h. THE MAILS. MAILS DUE. Australia, Ceylon, and Mauritius (via South "3o3ll) I;e;. .. June 18.: (via Marseilles) June 12. Brazil and Capo Verds .. June 4. Buenos Ayres, Monte Video, &o. Cuba and Mexico .. May 29. Canada, &c. (via L' dorry) Overdue. Cape of Good Hope, &c. June 1. China, Penang, and Singapore (via* S'ampton) June 1. Do (via Marseilles) May 27. Gibraltar (via Southampton) .. .. May 26. India (Calcutta), Ceylon, &c. (via Southampton) June 2. Do. (via Marseilles) May 27. India (Bombay), (via Southampton) .. May 26. Do. (via Marseilles) June 4. Lisbon .. . • • . June 1. Malta, Egypt, and Aden (via Southampton) .. May 26. Do. (via Marseilles) .. June 4, Vigo, and Oporto .. .. June 1. United S bates, California, &c. .. • • • • May 29 . I V4 v r e e; t t e l rn ad C ie o s a a s n t d of p A ac ti i r c a , , c M ar a i d h e a i g ra en , 'af.enceuribffae, J m un ay e 2 l 9 o. . [ADVERTISEMENT.] Pills and medicine invariably age gtavate and perpetuate diseases; their annoyance, dia. appointment, and expense may be avoided by persona In indifferent health sending only their address to E. S. Barry, Esq., 77, Regent-street,' W., London, and the? will receive gratis and free by post the "INVALIDS' OWI4 GIIiDE," or Natural Restorer, Without medicine or ex' pnise, of perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, and refreshing sleep, to the most enfeebled, insuring the removal of indigestion (dyspepsia), constipation, liver complaints, nausea, epilepsy, paralysis, debility, nervousness, palpitatiot cough, asthma, consumption, dropsy, flatulency, diarrhces , dysentery, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, catarrhs, colds, noises in the ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, eruptions, hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, palpi. tation, heartburn, headache, despondency, cramps, spasms, sinking, fits, bronchitis —.Unauestionably the safest Guide to health." [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway's Ointment and Pills, surrhifeisisnugrprreimsinedgie.ssafloor of b those bad legs iannvdolaullahklie medicinesnds of wounds. _T every part of the civilised world is a most convincing proof of their efficacy in the cure of diseases, for it is only by their marvellous success as curatives that they could ever have obtained their popularity. Old sores, and all diseases o f the skin, aro quickly cured by these medicines, Thou sands of persons, suffering from dreadful maladies, have been cured by their use after every other means had failed. There is no case, however obstinate, or of however long standing, that should be regarded as hopeless if the patient is willling to give a fair trial to Holloway's Ointment and Pills. BIRTHS. DUFF.—On the 23d inst., at 4, Queen's-gardens, South Kensington, the wife of E. M. Grant Duff, Esq., 31,p., of a son. ---- LONG MAN.—On the 23d inst., at Balham, Surrey, the wife of W. C. Longman, Esq., of a daughter. MAsoN.—On the 24th inst., at 2, Cripplegate-buildings, city, the wife of Mr. John Mason, jun., of a daughter. MARRIAGES. DAY—TAYLOR. —On the 22d inst., at the church of Fra mingham Pigot, John Day, Esq , of Kirby Bedon, to Sarah, youngest daughter of the late Adam Taylor, Esq., of Surrey-street, Norwich. POTTEn—ANDERSON.—On the 23d inst., at Ludlow parish church, Edmund Crompton Potter, Esq., of Mating, near Glossop, to M ar y, e ld es t d aug ht er of Rodney An derson, Esq., of Ludlow. DEATHS. ANTROBUS.—On the 21st inst., at Eaton Hall , Congloton, Gibs Crawford Antrobus, Esq., aged 6 7. ANNESLEY.--011 the 20th inst., suddenly, at Dingwall, N. 8., the Hon. Charles Annesley. Esq., of Devizes, Br c tl g G e s d .- 75 0 . n the 22d inst., Ii Biggs, CARDWELL.—On the 23d inst., at St. Albrn's Hall, Ox ford, the Rev. Edward Cardwell, Camd en P ro f esso r of Antient History, ged HtiGHES.—On the 22d inst., at hi s res id ence , Nycol's a 73. Nymett, near Bow, North Devon, the Rev. H. A. H ug hes, M.A., aged 80. MILNEn.—On. the 22d inst., at Attercliffe, YGrkshire, J. barristlr-at-law, aged nearly 80. LONDON : Printed and Published by RUED° YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TIIE SUN Office, No. 112,Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County of Pdiddleses saturclay, Nay 1661.