The Sun. — London, England, 1861-08-03 00:00:00

THE NAVY• A Board of Admiralty, consisting of the Duke of ;;omerset, First Lord; Mr. Whitbread, M.P., Capt. Drummond, Lord Clarence Paget, Secretary to the Board, and Capt. Moore, Secretary to the First Lord ; Admiral Robinson, Controller of the Navy ; Col. Greene, Director of Engineering and Architec tural Works ; and Sir Richard Mayne, Chief Com missioner of the Metropolitan Police, yesterday made their annual visitation of Deptford victualling and dockyards. They were received by Capt. Claude H. M. Buckle, C. 8., superintendent of the yards ; Mr. Jameson, storekeeper; Mr. Wilkinson, store receiver ; Mr. Bowley, superintendent of the trans port service ; and the heads of departments in the Victoria victualling-yard. The Board arrived in a body from London. They commenced their inspec tion at half-past 11 and continued it till nearly 3 o'clock. The Board visited in succession the ships under construction and repair, and approved various suggestions made by the Captain-Superintendent to meet the exigencies of modern shipbuilding. The manufacturing branches of the victualling depart ment naturally absorbed a great portion of the Board's attention. They examined the new build ings erected since the outbreak of the Crimean war, which constitute a huge manufactory, consisting of extensive flour and oatmeal mills, biscuit bakeries, chocolate mills, pepper and mustard mills, and a medical laboratory. They also visited the rum stores which have lately been supplied with 340 new vats, one of which contains 30,000 gals. of spirits. They next inspected the general stores on the wharf, the cooperage, the new marine stores in process of con struction, the salt meet magazines, the extensive slaughtering and curing stores, &c. When the in spection concluded, at 3 o'clock, they expressed their unqualified approbation of the mode in which the establishment is conducted. The paddlewheel steamvessel Valorous, 16, Capt. William C. Oldham, C. 8., which arrived from the West Indies at Spithead on Wednesday, entered Plymouth Sound yesterday morning. After she has discharged her powder and the crew have been in spected, the Valorous will go up Hamoaze and be stripped, and then placed in the third division of the steam ordinary. The Herald, 8, which has recently returned from her surveying expedition in the Pacific, is ordered to be fitted and prepared at Chatham for service in Shore'oam-harbour, where she is to be stationed, by direction of the Admiralty, to be used as a chapel, lecture-room, &c., for the seamen frequenting that port. The Rey. E. Clay has received the appoint ment of chaplain. THE ARMY. -- Yesterday Ensign Hume, 54th Regiment, with a party of men belonging to the 9th Depot Battalion, left Colchester camp and proceeded to Hythe for the customary course of ~training in the School of _Musketry. Col. the Hon. A. Gordon, C. 8., commandant of Colchester camp, has leave of absence until the end of the present month, and the command of the troops at that station has devolved upon Col. Dixon, C. 8., of the 9th Depot Battalion. Col. Grey, 6th Fusiliers, is expected to enter upon his duties as commandant early in the ensuing month, when Col. the Hon. A. Gordon will also enter upon hii new appointment at the Curragh camp. Col. Hadden, commanding the Royal Engineers of the eastern district, having been appointed to the command of the Royal Engineers in Ceylon, his Royal Highness the Commander-in-Chief has or dered Capt. Clarke, R.E., to assume the temporary command of that department in the Eastern District until a senior officer for the corps has been selected. Since the removal of the headquarters from Har wich to Colchester, Capt. Clarke has been second in command. The new works of defence at E istney, near Ports mouth, just commenced by Messrs. Smith, the con tractors, will consist of two 12-gun batteries, some distance apart, connected by a curtain, with a wet ditch in front, the old fort at Eastney being nearly the centre of the position. At the outer angle of each battery will be a cavalier bastion, mounting one of the heaviest of the Armstrong guns, domi nating over the entire front and flanks of the works. In the rear will be constructed a military road, forming a junction with the highway, which runs at present from Lumps Fort to Eastney-lane, and will be carried on to the road on the western glacis of Cumberland Fort. The new barracks for the Royal Marine Artillery will be erected in the gorge of the work. It being part of the plan to enclose them with ditch and parapet from the eastern and western batteries they will, as it were, form an in tegral part of the new defensive lines. The proxi mity of the new works to high watermark will neces sitate the continuation of the groins now in course of construction in front of Lump Fort, along the re maining portion of sea-beach past Eastney to Fort Camberland. With Eastney works completed, the line of beach between the entrances to Portsmouth and Langton harbours will be studded with fortifi cations which, with the shoal water of some parts, will render it unapproachable from the sea. The wrought iron Horsfall gun which was removed a short time since from its position near Southsea Castle, has been placed on bulks of timber above high water mark, under the Old Fort at Eastney in readiness for practice. It is intended to treble-shot the gun, and charge it with 101 b. of powder each time it is loaded. Eight additional 12-pounder Armstrong fleldguns hare been rece iv e d at Portsmouth from Woolwich, for _p . ractice and drill service at Fort Cumberland. The 12 -pounder mounted Armstrong battery, un der the command of Lieut. - Col. Turner, stationed at Hilsea, ha ve Commenced their Course of target prac tice from Southsea.common, firing seawards. The practice mad e h as b een sup e rb. The following officers have been awarded the good service pensions at the disposal ciffor of his Royal High ness the Commander-in- distinguished and meritorious service perform e d b l y them in the army: —Major-Gen. L. A. Hall, Roy a l Engineers ; Capt. S. Brannan, late Quartermaster, 60th Rifles; Capt. S. Goddard, late Quartermaster, 14th Regiment • and Capt. C. Grant , lat e Q uarterm aster, 23dR ova ; Welsh Fusiliers. The t hree last mentio ned officers were engaged at Waterloo. Some further trials were made at St.Mary'sCreek, Chatham, yesterday and on the previous day, for purpose of testing the floating powers of the pon toons recently invented by Capt. F. rowke , Royal Engineers. The experiments, whic h were watched with peat interest, were undertaken in the presence of Col. Harness, C. 8., director of the Royal Engi neer Establishment, and other officers of the Royal and Indian Engineers. They were carried out un der the direction of Major Lovell, C. 8., chief instruc tor of fieldworks at Chatham, the object being to ascertain the maximum weight that could be sus tained by Gen. Pasley's, Gen. Blanshard's, and Capt. Fowke's pontoons when tried separatety. The pontoons known as Blanshard's, which are those generally used throughout the service, are cylindri cally shaped, and can be made of either zinc or tin. Although their floating powers are very considerable, their unwieldy size and the difficulty experienced in transporting them from one point to another — which with an army in the field would of course be immensely increased—will always prove a serious drawback to their use, while, being air and water-tight, a shot penetrating the metal would render them almost, if not altogether, useless. One n,, these pontoons during these experiments on Thursday bore a weight of rather more than I which was the utmost strain it was con- side red saf e to place upon it. 1.711 e pontoons in vented by the late Gen. Sir C. Po sky are made of eliper, and F , hap,,nl some - what like aboat, which in Ke •,r,:nee they very numb resemble. An improve nwnt lately been eff ing the framing of e,ci eeted in the mode of arrang „rtyorrtoon„ on which the che,*:,es," n. or strain L°r n mg. the -pontoon-bridge, arc placed. with the b est • re3ults, the floating powers being rendered som e h w at greater, while there is now less fear of these .ktind sof pontoons suddenly turning over than formerily th eir want of steadiness when in the water b.pint; one of the rea sons which led to the Pasley pontoons being re jected for general use in the s ervioe. The trials made at Chatham, however, p Tove‘l that, apart f _P alley from the drawback mentione d, o 13011. toons is capable of sustaining a greater load than Blanshard's cylinder pontoons, without sinking, the total weight borne by the Pasley pontoon being 12,5001 b., or nearly 2cwt. more than Blanshard's. The result of the experiments, however, again esta blished in a marked degree the superiority of Capt. Fowke's invention over any other pontoon yet tried against it. This pontoon floats easily, and is ex ceedingly light, while it can be quickly removed when in the water, and is easily handled. The weight placed upon it in the course of the trial was was 14,2821 b., or 1,8981 b. more than that borne by Blanshard's and 1,7681 b. more than Pasley's. Apart from its superiority in this respect, the material of which it is formed, a kind of canvas, enables it when taken out of the water to be folded together and transported with the greatest ease and facility, an advantage not to be obtained in either of the other description of pontoons. From the favourable opinion expressed with regard to this pontoon by the Duke of Cambridge when inspecting it at Chatham a few days since, as well as the satisfactory results of the trials made yesterday and the previous day, there is little doubt that Capt. Fowke's invention will ultimately supersede those now in use in the ser vice, and be generally adopted. THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA' (From the Special Correspondent of the Times.) LETTERS FROM THE SOUTH. (No. I.) There is no use in prefixing a date or a direction to letters written at intervals from time to time, as I find occasion and opportunity in the course of my wanderings through the South to halt at various stations and to put together the result of my ob servations and reflections on what I have seen, and I therefore shall forward this communication as soon as I can get within the reach of any postal system, just as it has been composed, uncertain when it may arrive in England or where it may be finished. As I write I am in the State of Missis sippi, and on my way to Virginia and thence to Washington. The time is the middle of June. As to all knowledge of the world outside the Confede rate States, I am in perfect ignorance. The posts are stopped, the telegraphs are mythical, the " news" not truthful or even novel, for a skirmish is made to do good duty as a battle, a victory, a glorious achievement, a brilliant success—in fact, as everything but a skirmish, for at least a week or ten days. Of the Northern States as little is known here as there is of Europe, and all one can learn of England or of France is contained in some dubious extracts from Northern papers in reference to the policy to be adopted or the opinions which have been expressed regarding the Confederate States whenever the general tone and temper of the remarks are favourable. This much by way of preface and explanation. With all their vehement hate of each other, and the wild exaggeration of their words, the Northern and the Southern armies are at present paralysed by want of an efficient transport in the presence of each other's outposts and on their own soil. There may be bloody conflicts, there may be considerable slaughter in undecisive fights, but no battle can be lost or gained of such a character as to produce any great influence on the course of the campaign till General Scott, on the one hand, and Mr. Davis, on the other, shall have succeeded in organizing an efficient force of cavalry, artillery, and, above all, a proper commissariat and transport. Mere infan try combats, unless in siege operations between covering and investing armies, rarely determine the issue of any war, no matter how sanguinary they may be. It is impossible for me to express any opinion as to the condition of the Northern army till I see it, but, so far as I have had means of exa mining the state of the Southern troops, I incline to think they are not at present capable of any very great aggressive effort ; and I am disposed to the belief that nothing but the instinct of self-preserva tion will prove strong enough to hold them toge ther, even in a defensive attitude, for any consi derably protracted war. In cavalry and field artil lery they are miserably deficient, and mere talk about " cold steel" will not win victories or main tain successful campaigning. I doubt if Mr. Davis could for his supreme struggle just now put 3,000 horse and 50 pieces of light artillery in the field. If General Scott is not much better off, he has, at all events, the nuclei of both arms in the United States' cavalry and artillery which remain to him; and it will not have been unobserved by Europe that, while the officers of the United States' army have to an extraordinary extent proved Un faithful to their flag, or, at least, have gone over to the Confederate States, the troopers and common soldiers have, almost to a man, stood by their colours and refused to take service under any persuasion with the Secessionists. As to commissariat supplies, so long as the armies are scattered in various pro vinces or States resting on rivers, railroads, and towns, in the midst of corn-growing, beef and mutton making communities, there may be no very great difficulties felt by either, but when the armies are massed together or moved away in rapid marches their deficient organisation on vital points will be speedily apparent and cruelly felt, and as the war goes on the North, having the sea open and supplies of food and other matters accessible, must have the advantage in the long run, if there be one. Even at this moment the Southern troops seize on carts, horses, and stores, for which the commissariat offi cers give receipts that at some time or other will entitle the owners to payment in Confederate States money. A:l this will soon be severely manifest in the States subject to these operations when regular campaigning ;comes on, and unless a proper trans port and commissariat be organised, the country in which these armies move will assuredly be obliged to submit to pillage, plunder, unforeseen contribu tions, and much of the calamities of war, which will be intensified just in proportion to the want of iden tity of sentiment between the inhabitants and the troops moving through their villages. No one can say in such a conflict, or, indeed, in any warlike operations, what a day may bring forth, but it is evident as yet that the South has lost ground, and that the North has gained it since the fever of excitement which broke into flames at Sumpter ran through the Union, and devoured it with the consuming eagerness of the fire in stubble. A blockade has been enforced, which, despite all assertions and pretences to the contrary, has pro duced a l rea d y, to my certain knowledge, muc h in convenience, and will, I believe, cause serious mis chief i n the South. At p resen t th e S ou the r ners are cheered by the hope, almost a pe d , as strong as a conviction, that En g l and blockade to b e eneoreeF d ra a n s c s e oo d n a a r s e t h n e o c t 0 p t t e o r n mi t crop the i s ready, and that they will find means to raise, resist, or force it, even by a im possibility of enforci ng a f to a o ll , o th f e t i h r e coast, war with the United States. and of th e th ousan d s of m iles of coast which they possess, a s a b T l h o e c y k ade talk,o proof that all the navies of the world could not do that which the United States navy is called on to perform. Similar been used in England and e lsewhere. But has But it is not nece ssar y to blockade all these many miles of coast ; nature—the coral reef, the sand bank,m shallow water, clan ,er ous seas, have done th a t work most effectually. From to Galveston, Virginia,Chesapeake Bay, on the north-west frontier of or Indianola, there is no port which a vessel of large tonnage would care to enter which is not a t this moment nearly as efficiently blockaded as is usual in war. The Fortress Monroe commands Norfolk, the best harbour and port on the Southern coast. Broad River, Port Royal, and Wilmington are of little consequence, mad can be closed at any moment. Savannah, Charleston, Pensacola, M - bile, and New Orleans are at present under watch and ward. Cast your eyes over the chart of shallow, tumultuous, eddying waters, fanged with rocks and reefs, and breaking on outlying sandbars, which chafe the shores of the Southern States, and you will see abundant reason for the conclusion that foreign shipowners will not be anxious to run in for cargoes on these dangerous coasts. As soon as the stock of merchandise, provisions, wines, clothing, boots, tea, coffee, and such articles, now in the South is exhausted a powerful test will be ap plied to the statement that the South can supply itself, and can produce all that it wants. Already, for example, there is an outcry against the scarcity of salt_ When the salting season comes what will become of the meat? And without salt pork what will become of the negroes ? They are contented, it is said, at present. But hunger would be with them, as with the white race, a most effective motive of ill-feeling and dissatisfaction. The people at the South feel this ; they are "raising" plenty of corn, but they are afraid of the results of the want of salt; without it chickens will be scarce about negvo cottages next spring. No meat is readily eatEla by the negroes except pork. They do not consider beef or mutton as meat at all in our sense of the term. Of almost equal importance with pork to them for many months of the year is ice to the negroes' masters. Of course they can do with out it, but the absence of the familiar and valued articles from their tables and glasses will prove a minor misery of life to the habituated, which can only be understood by those who are living among the American people. The inland blockade is not very stringently enforced. The other day, for instance, a quantity of machinery was received from a Northern manufactory down the Missis sippi at the house of a planter near New Orleans, who would not have been able to get in his sugar crop this year without it. Texas supplies cattle in abundance by the inland rivers and overland routes, but the poor whites, who are poor enough already, will be reduced to the greatest dis tress by the high prices of meat and food, and all ' who cannot find work must enter the ranks of the army for a subsistence. All things are dear, except the raw material of food, at present. For 'an ordinary black silk hat I was charged at New Orleans £1 6s. 6d., a linen slop coat cost nearly £1 ; for making flannel shirts I paid 9s. 6d. a-piece, and the flannel alone was as dear as the - best shirt in London. Common cotton socks are sold at 3s. 6d. a pair; other articles are dear in propor tion. Butter and wheat flour will be things of the past on many city tables. As to the sugar planters, ruin seems certain if they can find no market for their produce. They say they would not sell it to the North and West even if they could, and the South cannot consume it all, and if the South does, it cannot pay the producers except in a coin or currency which may not' be readily convertible at the end of the year. If the design attributed to the military authorities of the United States to move down the Mississippi be ever carried oat there is no amount of misery which may not be in flicted on the seceding States ; but the attempt would be most difficult of execution, and it could only be made as a part of a grand combined opera tion for marching victoriously from Virginia to Louisiana. That such an operation may not be contemplated it is impossible to assert. Its conse quences would be terrible on both sides, and in the interests of humanity, of civilisation, of liberty, and of Christianity it might be well for the great Powers of Europe to consider whether they should not offer or even press a mediation to which the most furious fanatics would be obliged to listen after they have satiated their taste for blood. Turning from the sea and river to the land, every step of an offensive character which has been taken as yet has been made and maintained by the Northern troops. The " sacred soil" of Virginia has been polluted by " Lincoln's mercenaries," acre by acre. But in all this, say the Southerners, there is design. General Jefferson Davis has inspired them with universal confidence. A bloody and disastrous re verse awaits the invaders, and at the very moment that the Northerners are cautiously—at least, not very boldly advancing, there are thousands down here waiting for the news that Washington has been captured. No doubt there - must be an accumu lation of the Confederates somewhere in Virginia, and Mr. Davis may be contemplating some very daring movement. Appearances, always deceitful, are very dangerous in war. Who does not remem ber the divine calm which preceded Inkerman ? But appearances indicate greater apprehension for Rich mond than for Washington, Pensacola no longer occupies men's thoughts. The most ardent believers in Brigadier-General Bragg's readiness for attack cease to expect that it will be of use just now. Some thousands of the troops employed there in watching the fortress and the fleet have been withdrawn and sent to Virginia. Others have returned to Jackson, in Mississippi State. Oddly enough, it has been found out that "Pickens is of no account." The United States' standard may be permitted to flout the skies over the sacred soil—for in this land every foot of the ground is holy—of the State without damage done, until climate and insects destroy its defenders. Instead of taking fortress Monroe the troops originally in defence of that place are making an onward movement, and Virginia is slowly seced ing into United States' territory. Still, these move ments all tend to produce a consternation of the Confederate forces, and the evacuation of Harper's Ferry might be a masterly movement if any one could now tell why it ever was occupied, unless with the object of an aggressive action, which the steps taken by Gen. Scott have defeated and rendered abortive. The design of that General would appear to be, for the present, to get his own troops well in hand, to drill them, to accustom them to act together—to form officers out of clerks and merchants, lawyers, editors, and reporters—and to cover his front all the while so effectually as to permit the enemy to gain nothing by his inactivity. The South, I know, are making the most of their time in a similar manner ; but from what I can see, there is an impression produced on every mind that the Southern material is more homogeneous and easily adapted to war than the peaceful populations of the North, and, if Kentucky and Tenessee throw all their available populations into the scale, the North, despite its numerical superiority, will be taxed severely to defeat the bold, hardy race, accustomed to arms, which inhabit those vast States. The in digent people in all the States, those who are de prived of work by the cessation of their usual engagements, the foreign elements—all who might become dangerous if left behind in the rear of the combatants—are subject to coercive influences to in duce them to enlist. Oa this point I would make an appeal to the benevolent and patriotic at home who have the means and the inclination to aid their un fortunate countrymen. The misery and distress which have come to many British subjects in the States owing to this war can scarcely be exagge rated. Only those who can hear the appeals or see the letters addressed to our Consuls can form any idea of the great suffering to which they are ex posed in consequence of the closing of works, the stoppage of navigation, the paralysis of trade, the insolvency of employers, the operation of " stay laws," and the hundred evils which follow civil war in a country like America, particularly where there is such a largely developed system of fictitious credits and unsound banking. Our Consuls are besieged with applications for help. The appli cants generally desire to be sent to Canada ; but there is no means of sending them by sea, and the land voyage is expensive. Too often the relief comes out of the pockets of the ill-paid Consuls themselves ; sometimes it is refused with pain and reluctance. I am sure that Mr. Bunch, at Charles ton, Mr. Magee, at Mobile, and Mr. Mure, at New Orleans, could testify the truth of what I say, and afford many distressing examples to show how much needed a little aid from the British public, or gene rous action on the part of the Government, is at the present moment. There is no Poor Law to relieve the di s t resse d . M any of the cases are suc h a s a Consul cannot re li eve w i th any hope o f compensa tion from official sources. and sent t If someo those smallgenstulmems gentlemen money were collecte d they would, I am satisfied, gladly add to their labours by a judicious disbursement of the fund. Let me just give an example of what might be done. The morning I left New Orleans a British sailor ap peared at the Consul's door in great distress. He had received a severe wound in the arm in our ser vice in the last war, and at the close of it shipped on board a merchantman, which was blockaded in Mobile. While there the wound broke out afresh, and he was sent to the hospital. But the hospital after a time was closed for want of funds, and Mr. •lor with the means of Magee had furnished the sai d with a letter to getting over to New Orleans, ,„n arie to Canada Mr. Mure, asking him to get a pass a for the bearer. The man was sh i pp ed off, and ar rived at New Orleans with his chest. No sooner had he set foot on the shore than the police were upon him and sought to take him into custody. Why ? Because he was a man of colour, and there fore was a criminal and an offender against the laws of the State, inasmuch as he was not owned by any body ! Under the promise of going straight to the Consul he was permitted to get his chest on a cart, for which the driver asked all the money he had left, and when he came to the door a policeman was following him to see he did not halt or diverge on his journey. His chest contained only some old clothes and such nautical waifs and stays as Jack generally crams into his box. He had no money— Mr. Mure could not by any means get him a pas sage to Canada, There was no place for him to go to in the city. If at large he would he sent to prison, and so Mr. Mure had to send him to some hospital, •of which he is a governor or subscriber, and will, no doubt, be put to trouble and expense on his account which it is not fair to impose on a consular officer. If a few gentlemen will only begin the movement they will do immense good. There are hundreds of deservineßritish subjects desirous of getting to Canada at this moment. Every year a number of industrious, hard-working men come from British America for the purpose of earning money in the South, and they get up north wards by degrees, as labour is required. Their re treat is now cut , J eff, and they are left broadcast all over.the States in the South, without money, or means, or hope. I trust the appeal I venture to make on their behalf will not be without its fruits. Supposing that there are no apprehensions of dis turbance from the negro population, the war can be carried on by the South with less derangement of their social system than will be the case in the North. The Southerners are fond of calling them selves an agricultural people. Their slaves raise agricultural produce, but, except in parts of Ten nessee and Kentucky, there is, I suspect, very little agriculture for which white hands are directly em ployed. The lower orders of whites are mechanical; the upper sort superintend their labourers occa sionally, but are generally engaged in the pursuit of a rude aristocracy, or in the more elegant dissi pation of continental cities or Northern watering places and hotels. If the overseers can do their work as usual all the white lords and their white dependents can go to the wars, and corn, rice, sugar, and cotton will be cultivated and raised as usual. Unless the North can spare a larger surplus than one would suppose from the populations engaged in its busy industry, the derangement of its trade and internal commerce will be greater than that which the war will cause in the South. If the negroes occasion any trouble there is no saying how far the difficulties of the Slave States may not go; but at present they are possessed with a confidence, which may be blind or far-seeing, that their slaves will remain quiet if not faithful, and the absence of any white element from the population of whole districts is very remarkable. The spectacle of an uprising of 4,000,000 of negroes in the plantations, burning, plundering, and destroying the whites is one which I confess I am not humanitarian or Abolitionist enough to be prepared to desire or to enjoy. It would be an evil as tremendous in its consequences to the North as to the South, and it, would lead to an irrepressible conflict between the Federal troops and their new allies. There are some few people who talk about re-settling the South by negro proprietors, now slaves ; these are blatant lunatics or very wicked idiots. Others there are who desire, very kindly, to make an arrangement with England by which our colonies could be sup plied with labour, and who wish to make a bargain with us for the receipt of a population of 4,000,000 of black people. When they are in a condition to do so perhaps it may be time to characterise ihe transaction as it would deserve. No one that I ever heard of proposes to receive the negroes into the Northern States, though, perhaps, they might be allowed to go further and fare worse in Canada. Victorious, the North will have to encounter, on the very threshold of the Temple of Peace, a foe more terrible than war. Is there in all the wise heads of the world one who can solve the knot with out the use of the sword. And when the sword has done its work, what next? There is the eternal negro tripping up the foot of Alexander as he returns his blade to the sheath. Can any one devise a scheme for the deportation of 4,000,000 souls? Why such an emigration was never heard of ! The hordes of Huns and Goths and Vandals— the swarming floods of Scythian races, which rolled their tides over Europe, presented no such masses and no such scenes as would be witnessed in the execution of any scheme of the kind; and, except by the spontaneous action of the States, there is little hope of any gradual extinction or absorption of the race, and if it be not done gradually it can scarce be done at all. It is hard to ascertain what are the feelings of these people—their utterance is imperfect, not merely morally but physically. They are treated to a few words from the great dish of the English tongue, which mostly refer to labour or to their wants, and their speech is as nearly inarticulate as may be, although the fine ear of the people and the accent of educated individuals prove they could speak it as well as their masters if they had a chance of learning how to do so. There are various notions in reference to their treatment. As a general statement, I think it may be asserted they are not ill-used in the districts where they are dear, and where their produce is valuable. Where the masters are rich, the estates large, the incomes certain, and all struggles with the forest and with adversity are over, liberty to them seems idleness. So lam told. But I hear, too, that they are very fond of idleness. The conclusion is not difficult. Compared with the honzas in Cuba, where the ave rage of life in labour is reduced by incessant and cruel task-work to 10 or 11 years, the negroes on plantations in America are pampered aristocrats ; but I cannot admit any comparison between them and the denizens of an English coal mine, which s often drawn by the planters down here. On the cotton estates in the South the negroes dread the " picking seasons," notwithstanding the assurance of the Captain of the Southern Republic that the task was but the " culling of roses." On sugar plantations, although the mill is " run" night and day, and the toil is incessant while it lasts, the " rolling season" is a period of cheerful ness which never flags until frost interrupts the harvest. The negro, like the elephant, is fond of cane, and, like the Indian bear, of its juices, which, despite the increase in the length and fervor of his labours, makes an alderman of him for the time being, and puts fat on his ribs. The English agriculturist transported to Houmas or some such large plantation on Prince Hassan's carpet, would be charmed by the magnificence of its culture and the noiseless system by which such perfection is achieved. He would find well fed, well clothed, and well lodged labourers, born upon the soil, and even limiting their labours to that section of the plantation on which they have been reared. Thus, in the two upper" settlements" of the estate abovementioned, I found men and women who had not only never been off the estate in their lives, but who had not even visited Orange Grove, which is a separateplantation adjoining the property, and recently purchased by the same pro prietor, though it is only divided from it by a fence. The English agriculturist, while confessing sugar planting to be a remunerative recreation, instead of a care and a toil, upon lands which, like those of Houmas, have been tilled for half a century with out manure or repose, will envy the planter far less the possession of the soil than the faculty which " the institution" gives him of having ever at his command the docile sinews of a race kept stu diously aloof from towns and their civilisation, and to whose simple perceptions the words " strike" and " combination" are unknown. The seasons For planting, for ploughing, for laying by, and fur rolling sugar, are so definitively marked in the cultivator's calendar that the delay of a week, or even less, in any process might not be recovered. This, to be sure, is still more the case in our island of rare sunshine, but the colossal scale of a culture which requires, as belong to pliaibcoautireeerss,vvmh souls (or bodies) of tical countrymen• at lloumas, 900 from running w hi h notthe h less aza r than d er t those O e the employeri i g eh h t sometimesw ell detero arise i t se h h y e p t woteheen bination co u ld wages, or for and no the t ex i e s m t p for l o y t e h d o . p l o t r i p s t s r o u o e f t h r e a i c ts o i nmg any thi n but an increased ration with the institution itself, but the same g g od o rui stapprehension from such sources may be effectual ro in ot a s t o r t o io ynini gnmore a ny ra power of combination, or an y co abstruse political matters. It is said, however, that, as in India, these dark people have a telegraph of their own which works inscrut ably, in silence and in darkness, and acquaints them with events and movements of which it might be desirable to keep them in ignorance, as speedily—it might be as truly—as the wires carries news to their masters. If the chattel character of the slave were removed, if he could be made as the Saxon churl or the recent Russian serf—adscriptus glebe —much of the odious character attached to Ameri. can slavery would be removed, although there would remain the abstract wrong and the concrete—the danger of an extension or impetus to the slave trade at every increase of territory or augmentation of profits. The feudal system, as is here called, is, perhaps, not worse in America to-day than it was in the days of the Conqueror in England, and if the Americans are content with the comparison of their Republic to-day with the kingdom of England in that time, one has not much to say on that point. Indeed, the plea of physical inferiority and differ ence of race—as well as that of the status quo ante " we became planters"—might be as well urged by the hawknosed beetle-browed saturnine Norman, as good reason why he should hold in bondage the fair-haired, blond, broad•faced Saxon, as the wool, skin, and heat-enduring nature of the African are considered strong grounds by the diverse-coloured people of the South for buying, selling, and holding in bondage that particular type of Adam. There can be no yeomanry where slavery pre vails. The inevitable tendency of the system is to create great capitalists, who buy up slaves and lands, and extinguish the smaller white proprie tors, and it must be admitted there is so far good for the slave in this feature of the system that, if held completely as a beast of burden and a labour machine by the large proprietor, he is better treated by him, although on a far lower footing, than by the poor white who is struggling to make a few bales ot* cotton out of ill-tilled and inferior land. The creoles who hold on to their little patches of land by the Mississippi are regarded by their wealthier neighbours as very bigoted and unreason able because they will not sell their land, and yet, acre after acre, it is slipping away from them. As a curious fact, I may mention that among the lowest order of these settlers, some of whom indeed are considered as squatters by the sugarcaneocrats, I met one Unionist, a doctor, who exercised such in fluence, or said he did, in several . parishes in Loui siana that he could poll two to one for Union as against Secession, but Dr. Cottman was nevertheless quite ready to take the field against the Federal forces. In no place does greater objection to univer sal suffrage—unpopular as it is, in private conver sation at least, over most of the States—exist than in the South. The satraps can bear no rival near the throne. With all their individual charms of manner, easy demeanour, hospitality, and good breeding, there is at the bottom of the whole system, as there is at the base of Secession, a gross materialism. It may be that the North is equally under the same influ ence—it may be that all the world is regulated by it—that interest is the sole motive power in poli tics and in the actions of men. But in the South alone, in spite of refinement and chivalry, is the doctrine preached to the exclusion of any other dogma. Nowhere else have I heard so much of the potency of the dollar expressed in acreage, in bales of cotton, and hogsheads of sugar. Every white man who is among them takes, or may take, some thing from them. Their number is minimised to meet the strictest requirements of trading in the towns,and of mechanical arts in the country through all the extreme South. It is a delusion to imagine that the possession of slaves, ipso facto, makes a gentleman. The slave,owner educates bis children afar—generally in the North, sometimes in France or in England. He affords them every means of luxurious enjoyment, while the Northern youth is toiling in the office of the counting-house. They travel like Russians or Milors, go into good society, are acceptable for their pleasant manners and phy sique, and if they can afford they avoid the planta tions, and fly to them only under pressure. They soon become masters accustomed to the obedience of slaves. If they meet with opposition they can scarce control their passions, and argument is often treated as an insult. But whatever the causes may be there is much of that which is called" being a gentleman" ' among the planters ; not, however, in any degree the result of slaveholding. It is only on their farms and at home that the material view of all things is so fully expressed—often, indeed, in no unpleasant expositions. These gentlemen have power of chas tisement with little limit but death, and then, I suspect, the penalties are not excessive. Each is his own provost-marshal. The gang system produces not only uniformity and steadiness of labour, but submissiveness and obedience. They work as soldiers drill, in companies. The overseers are the captains ; the master is the general, who gives orders and ex pects the thing to be done. The planters are held together by common interests. Each man knows, not only his neighbour, but the planters of his State more or less intimately. There is no mob to control them. Thus, they are all powerful for con certed political action. But, as interests in States are generally identical, it so happens that the inte rests of one State clash with those of another. There is no danger, even here, to the Confederacy, should it ever be established on the basis of slavery, solid as it seems. Already South Carolina provokes ridicule by pretensions she is quite ready to main tain, and anger by assertions she is not averse to prove. The State of Virginia is abused on account of the slowness of her march, and the valour of the Virginians is called in question by several jour nals in which I have seen severe and biting sar casms on the bravery of her troops. There will, no doubt, be many State jealousies to settle in time to come; and I have heard what are called prominent citizens in each avow their only sympathies with their neighbours to be those of a common defence, and their only bond of union the bondage of the slave. As yet those sympathies have done their work, and the bond has united the desperate poli , ticians and spirited and earnest populations of the South for determined action. The seals of the Fede ral compact have been broken, and the descendants of British races, representing a population as nume rous as that of the United Kingdom, split into two great parties, political and geographical, have re solved to decide the legality of their acts by an ap peal to the last tribunal of kings and nations. The principles of 1776, and the glories of 1789 are al ready as remote and obsolete as those of the Assy rian or the Egyptian. But in the present instance there is no faint-heartedness in the challenged party (although its reluctance has been misrepresented as cowardice), and the balance of civilisation is in its favour. The contest has been variously character. ised, but its material issues lie between commerce and manufactures on the one hand, and agriculture on the other; and in this region, where commerce is despised, it is regarded by many as a struggle be tween overshot wheels and human labour as sub missive as the spindles they drive. For, with all deference to Mr. Seward, his speeches and their plausible generalisation, and to Mr. Lincoln and the Chicago platform, it is a fallacy to style this a strife between free and slave labour. Wherever the former can thrive, it is as sure of finding its way as water its level. There are still millions of acres open to the white agriculturist who too often decries, from dog-in-the-manger motives, the tillage of cotton and sugar in the pestilential swamps of Carolina and Louisiana. Thus much as to the tangible interests involved in this unhappy controversy, to which the passions it has aroused may impart an unparalleled acerbity. If one may concede to the South just cause for dis satisfaction with Northern tariffs and persona/ liberty bills, it is equally true that the North has grounds to complain of the taunts of the South, which she has long endured, as the landlord submits to the carpings of his tenant, or the moneylender to the uncomplimentary epithets of the prodigal he holds in his clutches. Nay, she has suffered with calmness, not only contumely as a people, but the actual castigation of Mr. Horace Greeley, a member of Congress, and of Mr. Charles Sumner, a member of the United States Senate. Yet, who shall now say that the canes showered upon Mr. Brooks by his fellow-citizens for the last-mentioned assault did not reproduce themselves in the pikes of John Brown, or deny that they bristle to-day in the bayonets of the 100,000 Northerners who manifest by the somewhat tardy ardour with which they are identifying themselves with the partisans and prin ciples of a sombre, if honest, fanaticism, compunc tion, and even indignation at the crapulous interests and self-seeking motives which have been for 10 years or more their consolations under the tenets of Boethian philosophy ? This military outburst, like the bloom of the cen tury aloes, takes by surprise even those who had faith in its ultimate upshooting from within leaves which, during three generations, seemed inert as wax and immutable as petrifaclions. The smoke of cannon and conflagration had scarcely curled away from the ramparts of Fort Sumpter before the people of the South, upon the principle that it is better to play hammer than anvil, proclaimed that bloodless victory to be the incipient meet of a general hunt, in which its yeo manry were invited to participate after the Northern fox. On the same evening Mr. Walker, the War Secretary of the Confederate States, announced from the balcony of the Exchange Hotel at Mont gomery, that in a few weeks their flag should wave over the Capitol at Washington. Attempts have been since made to question the authenticity of this post. prandial indiscretion, but I quote from the Charles ton Mercury which, however widely it may at times secede from reason, has never yet been charged with seceding from what it believes to be the truth. With these echoes of a no very remote past, now mingle utterances with which I could wish that my worldly fortunes gave me reason to be still more dissatisfied. While defence to the swamp instead of war to the knife, seems the present war cry of the Southern patriots, there are symptoms of an ag gression not unlikely to prove equally fatal to friends and foes, and this is repudiation. Notwithstanding the changes rung upon this topic since the origin of communities, one cannot deny that American inge nuity—more particularly in Mississippi, has disco vered new and unsuspected variations. This may be all very well between belligerents ; and, while out siders may question the ethics of " stay laws," they have no right to find fault with them. But in the case of State bonds, railroad debentures, et id genus omne, will it notbe difficult to discriminate between the innocent European and the inimical Northern holder of securities so.readily transferable ? Thus the Montgomery Congress enacted a prohi bition of all payments to the enemy. The Attorney General of Louisiana has pronounced the transfer of bank or other stocks standing in Northern names illegal. Gen. Pillow has reminded the people of Tennessee, in a recent proclamation, that all pay ments due to Northern creditors must be made to the State in support of the war, and that remittances in contravention of this rule will render its trans gressors liable to penal consequences. And the State of Virginia, afterinviting the Northern bondholders to come to Richmond and collect their coupons in Virginia currency, is debating measures to withhold any such payments where known to be due to the North. I need not say that many Southern railroad, canal, and State bonds are held in Europe, and that the capitalists of London, Paris, Amsterdam, Frankfort, &c., usually transact their business through Northt rn agents. Take, for example, a Liverpool holder of Louisiana shares, who has been wont to receive his dividends through Messrs. Brown Brothers. His stock may even, for convenience, be registered in their name. The sign of those gentlemen having been recently taken down by the New Orleans Vi gilance Committee, and their office closed by their agent in that city, their English client may whistle for his dividends until the war is over. Again, Tennessee has a fair length of railroads, some of which may still owe a balance to the British ironmaster, or some of the contractors on which may have paper maturing in favour of Northern agents. General Pillow's proclamation debars even the debtor who is willing and able to pay from the falfilment of his obligations. I am . not familiar enough with finance to decide the question which occurs to me, viz.—may there not be parties glad to take advantage of this prohibition and to consider the debt cancelled ? The British capitalist, therefore, who has laboured under the delusion—not dispelled by the financial ethics of Mississippi—that States bonds carried with them the family guarantee of the entity of the United States Government, may now discover that, like the butcher of Eastern fable, he has trusted a magician, and that the Southern department of his strong box contains but withered leaves. The proprietary and creditors of Southern railways must for some time to come suffer a similar disenchantment. I was assured by an intelligent Northern railway presi dent that England and the Northern States had built all the Southern railways, and that for the past ten years ormore the planters whose prosperity they had advanced had invested all their profits in fresh land and negroes, as a more lucrative outlay than any " internal improvements." A question of interest may occur to the heirs—if any—of the discontented scion of the house of Percy who bequeathed £150,000 to the United States to found at Washington an institution for the diffusion of knowledge among men. The legacy was collected by a Democratic Administration, and the bulk of it lent to the now seceded State of Arkansas, under the guarantee of the United States. The bonds of that State could not have been sold at that time in the market for 70 per cent. It would be expecting blood from a stone.to hope that a dollar of the principal or interest will now be paid to the Smithsonian Institu tion, and the debt may consequently be added to the long list of unfulfilled obligations towards man kind which weigh on the memory of the great Re public. If Arkansas respects the district of Co lumbia there may be no danger, but the temptation is great. And now I bring this letter to a close, with the assurance that, if I have extenuated many thingi, I have set down naught in malice. In my next I shall have a few words to say as to the ques tion of administration of the laws, and the morality wh ch prevails in some parts of the recent United States—the which may have more to do with the questions to arise hereafter than we may think, or be ready to perceive at first blush ; and then, before I leave the South, by the aid of faithful authorities I trust to give some information respecting a matter of much interest to England —the cotton supply. If cotton be king, we may as weal admit the sway at once; but, for one, I would sooner live under the worst form of government possible, even the dis rupted rule of the American public, than the sway of such a soulless, senseless, flocculent potentate. THE RUSSIAN NAVY. The following details respecting the Russian naval force are taken from official resources :—At the end of 1860 the effective of the navy was— Admirals, 95 ; other officers, 3,245 ; civil func tionaries, 966 ; and sailors and marines, 55,216. The admirals, officers, and functionaries were fewer than at the end of 1859, but the sailors were 2,200 more. Of the total, 10 admirals, 2,332 officers, and 32,728 sailors were destined to serve afloat, and the rest for protecting the coasts. At the end of 1859 the fleet was thus composed :—Steam vessels-9 ships of the line, 22 frigates, 22 corvettes, 12 clip pers, 79 gunboats, 2 yachts, 25 schooners, 8 trans ports, 49 small steamers, 11 sloops, and 3 floating batteries. These various vessels were of 36,935 horse power, and armed with 2,374 pieces of can non. Sailing vessels-10 ships of the line, 6 fri gates, 3 corvettes, 5 brigs, 17 schooners, 2 luggers, 3 tenders, 13 transports, and 12 yachts ; the num ber of guns being 1,477., The total number of ves sels was 313, and of guns, 3,851. In the year 1860 the fleet was increased by the launching of the following vessels :—At St. Petersburg, a ship of the line Emperor Nicholas 1., of 111 guns ; a frigate Osliabia , 45 ; a corvette, Bogat yr, ;a t floating battery ; and various small vessels. n A Cronstadt, a screw frigate the Oleg, 57 guns, and the ships of the line Sinope and Cesareysitch (num ber of guns not stated). At gAu(nrsc.hanAgt INchoa el,_a i frl i ga ie t .ff e, m the Persevete, of 53 guns , and a steaer„ . S , o . lombola, of 240 horse-power and 8 two corvettes, Yastreb and. ~.)retehete, eac t h A o b f o 9 , guns ; two steamers , Alouchta Tchety r d ag h , each of 2, and an iron screw screw sloop. At a sailing yacht, Zabava, for the Grand Duke Alexis. At Biorneborg, two armed clippers Abrek and Vsadrick, each of 5 guns. At N s : ei r o t e h rrr fi ael e a e n t , d i T n e n n g e land, an armed clipper , Ilaidomack, of 7. A r I fi n a a v d re d , it i i n o F n, r t a h n e ce e , boats,otnwsotrguuentionof v other ves sels for the fleet was commenced both in Russian ports and abroad. BIRTH S. CALEy.—On the Ist inst., at Windsor, Mrs. Caley, of a son. CORFIELD.—On the Ist., at 25, Elgin-road the wife of Major General Cor field, ofn daughter. cluutßi „, ro x.—On the Ist inst., at Great G ear i es Bark ing-side,Bid edaughter.EBB the wife of Spencer Ch arr i rigton , E s i• ' of a FROM THE GAZETTE OF LAST NIGHT. WHITEHALL, JULY 31. The Queen has been pleased to present the Rev. James M'Donald to the church and parish of Knock, in the pres bytery and island of Lewis and county of Ross, vacant by the death of the Rev. Peter Cameron. The Queen has been pleased to present the Rev. Alex. Campbell M'lntyre to the church of Shieldag, in theparish of Applecross, in the presbytery of Lochcarron and county of Ross, vacant by the transportation of the Rev. John Barnett to the church and parish of Kilbrandon. The Queen has also been pleased to present the Reverend John Mein Austin to the church and parish of St. Mungo, in the presbytery of Loehmaben and county of Dnuifries, vacant by the death of the Reverend Andrew Jameson. The Queen has also been pleased to present the Reverend John Pagan to the church and parish of Forgandenny, in the presbytery and county of Perth, vacant by the transpor tation of the Reverend John Wilson to the church and parish of Dunning. FOREIGN OFFICE, JULY 30. The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. Jameo Logan Dunolly as C-nsul at Kurrachee for his Majesty the King of Hanover. The Queen has also been pleased to approve of Mr. Ales. Stewart as Consul at Kurrachee for the Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg. ST. JAMES'S PALACE, JULY . 22. The Queen has been pleased, on the nomination of till Right Honourable Lord Foley, to appoint Captain Charles Dresing one of her Majesty's Honourable Corps of Gentle men-at-Arms, vice Deane, resigned. ST. JAMES'S PALACE, JULY 29. The Queen has been pleased, on the nomination of the Right Hon. Lord Foley, to appoint Major rhomas Jen kins, late of the Madras Army, one of her Majesty's Hon. Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms, vice H. S. Smith, Esq•? resigned. CROWN OFFICE, JULY 31. MEMBERS RETURNED TO SERVE IN THE PRESENT PARLIAMENT. City of Oxford.—The Right Hon. Edward Cardwell, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. City of London.—Western Wood, Esq., Citizen and Fishmonger of London, in the room of the Right lion. John Russell (commonly called Lord John Russell), who has accepted the office of Steward or Bailiff of her Majesty's Manor of Northstead, in the county of York. AUGUST 1. Borough of Morpeth—The Right Honourable Sir George Grey, Bart., G.C.B. of Falloden, in the coun ty of Northumberland , one Of her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State. Borough of Tamworth—The Right Honourable Sir Robert Peel, of Drayton Manor, fn the parish of Drayton. Bassett, in the county of Stafford, Bart., Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. , WAR-OFFICE, PALL-MALL, AUGUST 2. COMMISSARIAT DEPARTMENT.—Deputy-Assistant Cost. missary-General Arthur Tbesiger West has been permitted to resign his Commission. CHAPLAIN'S DEPARTMENT.—To be Chaplains of the Second Class—Chaplain of the Third Class, the Rev. G. W. Langmead, M.A. ; Chaplain of the Third Class, the Rev. Charles Green, M.A. ; Chaplain of the Third Class, the Rev. D. Robertson. To be Chaplain of the Third Class —Chaplain of the Fourth Class, the Rev. T. Gardner. AVERAGE PRICE OF SUGAR. Computed from the Returns made in the week ending July 30, 1861, exclusive of the duties of Customs paid or payable thereon on the importation thereof into Great Britain : per cwt. Muscovado, the produce of British America 24s qd Muscovado, the produce of the Mauritius 31s 2d Muscovado, the produce of the East Indies.. —s —Ol Average price of the foregoing .. 25s 11d BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED. John Oaths and Brooke Oates, woollen manufacturers, Dewsbury, York. BANKRUPTS. Edward Chatles Baldock, Aylesbury-street, Clerkenwell, chemist, to surrender, Aug. 12, at eleven, and S e pt. 20, at one, at the Court of ankruptcy. Joseph Mantua, jeweller, Luton, Bedfordshire, Aug. IZ, at one, and Sept. 11, at twelve, at the Court of Bank ruptcy. Joseph Fisher, licenced victualler, Cheapside, London, Aug. 12 and Sept. 20, at half-past twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Ebenezer Price Jones, hosier, Crawley-street, St. Pancras, Aug. I'3, at eleven, and Sept. 20, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Emanuel Paracelsus Hullingshlad, tailor, Cheltenham, Aug. 13 and Sept. 10, at eleven, at the Bristol District , Court. William Kerr, hosier, Bath, Aug. 13 and Sept. 9, at eleven, at the Bristol District Court. Joseph Levy, general dealer, 8, Finsbury Pavement, Aug. 13 and Sept. 9, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. George Smeeton, rag merchant, Batley, Yorkshire, Aug: 20 and Sept. 10, at eleven, at the Commercial-buildings, Leeds. Jolrn Earnshaw and George Earr shaw, dyers, Halifax, Aug. 19 and Sept. 16, at eleven, at the Leeds District Court. James Armitage, cheesemonger, Woolwich, Aug. 12, at half-past eleven, and Sept. 20, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. SCOTCH BANKRUPTS. William Keith, spirit merchant, Edinburgh. George Rutherford, merchant, Dufftown, Banffshire. COUNTRY MARKETS. WAKEFIELD—Aua. 2 The demand for wheat was very limited. A few choice sr mples met a fair sale at last weees rates, but other sorts are is lower, and dull of sale. Beans, oats, and shelling at late rates. LOUGHBOROUGH—Aua. 1. At this market to-day the show of wheat was middling, the best qualities selling at extreme prices ; other sorts as cheap—white, 60s to 68s ; red, 54s to 62s per 36 stone. Barley quite as high as in the week previous, malting galling at :17a tn 41s per qr.. grinding 29s tn 32s per 30 st. Oats a steady sale, and late values obtained. Beans were steady. EXETER—Aua. 2. Wheat, white.. 7s Od to7s 6d Barley. 4s Od to 58 Od I Ditto new .7s Od to Os Od Oats .... ..... 3s Oa to 3s 63 Flour, fine, 44s to —s; seconds, 42s to —s per sack. CATTLE. Fat beef,p score, 12s to —sOd Ewes, per lb .... 61d to 7 3 , Pork carcases,do Ils 6d to 12s W e th ers , d o , 7d to 71 11 Lambs, per lb 8d to Bid Fat calves, d0...61d to OJ. Rough fat, 34d per lb. BRISTOL SUGAR-AuG. 2. We have still a very quiet market for sugar this week, and prices have given way is per cwt. Refined goods are also heavy, and prices somewha;: less than last week. Rum steady, but no sales of any importance. ET—Atra. 2. the close of the market Walls Encl. s. ( 1 ; South Hettou 19 o v Brsddyll's lietton 18 ~..3 Hartlepool..... 19 Durham 17 9 , 2 Byron ..,,....18 ' l 4 Haswell l9 Keiper Grange... lB v Eden . lB 3 Tunstall Acorn Close ~18 3 Thorpe .. •• 17 Whitworth.. 16 6 t, 51 sold, 31. COAL MAR (rrioes of Coal per Ton ir R. d. Tanfield Moor 13 3 Tanfield Moor Butes l3 3 Lambert's West Hart- ley 16 9 Hartlepool West Hart. ley 16 3 Craghead Hartley... l4 6 CaresOriginalHartleyl7 0 Carway and Duffryn Malting 24 0 Do. Anthracite 21 6 Buddle's West Hartleyl7 0 Ships at market THE MAILS. MAILS DUE. \ ustralia, Ceylon, and Mauritius tvia South ampton) Do. Brazil and Cape Verds Buenos Ayres, Monte Video, &o. Cuba and Mexico • • • .. Aug. 1 0 (via Marseilles) Aug. 12. Aug. 4. Aug. 13 _ _ Canada, &c. (via L'derry) .. .. .. Aug. i , • Cape of Good Hope, &c... .. . . .. Sept. 1. China, Penang, and Singapore (via S'ampton) Aug. 2 .,, Do (via Marseilles) Aug. 14 ' Gibraltar (via Southampton) .. India (Calcutta), Ceylon, &c. (via Southampton) Aug. 2 . Do. (via Marseilles) Aug. 12. India (Bombay), (via Southampton) .. .. Aug. 10. Do. vi Mrs) .....................Aug. Lisbon Malta, Egypt, and Aden (via Southampton) .. Aug. 2. Do. via Maril Aug. 4 ., " Vigo, and Oporto . .. .. ................Aug. 1. United States, California, &c. .. • • • • Aug' 7. Western Coast of Atrica Madeira, Tenerife .. Aug. 1 , . West Indies and Pacific:Carl - Alumna, Cuba, &c. Aug . 16. Mental shock or great anxiety changes the blackest hair white. This colou r , however, is to be restored w ith certainty by Herring's magnetic brushes, dm. Dr. Has s all says. regard them as the most perfect brushes hith erto made, as " I . respects their mechanical construction, and th eir magnetical action." They are the remedy for grey hai r, neuralgia, rheu matism, dzc N.B. —C oun t er feits are being made. Offices, 32, Ba.inguall-stieet, London. MARRIAGES. BOSTON—SAumAnEz. -0 n the 30th ult., at St. George' s / Hanover-square, the Right Hon. Lord Boston, to Caro line Amelia, eldest daught er o f Colonel the Hon. J. 5 Vincent Saumarez. BLANKLEY—.BANKS.—On the Ist inst., at St. Johil;:v Hampstead, Rob er t Bl inkb " , of 15, Al exan der-sria; Brompton, to Anna B an k s, of Bellaport House, ~ stock-hill, :1 E L:id:I:I e n — rh ° t e h r n t e , Ladd, hitt, of .11.M.' t o h lf e sLt 2 e d D ian. i s E ts: l t l at H lti S il . ton. house, Salisburlt s Customs, aged 53. MAG . Juliana, widow of Mr. E. S' HATII.—On the Ist inst , at Upper-terrace, IfalnP i . stead-heath, Edward Magrath,. Esq., late Secre tar y ° the Athenzeum, Pall-mall, F.R.G.S., F.Z.S. MONEY.—On th e I s t i ns t. at Notting-hill, Philip 5 0 b. 1 2 Money, Esq , a magistrate of Norwich, and late Captain 17th Regt,, aged 84. er MITCHELL. —On the 30th ult., at Cheltenham, C ommand Thomas Mitchell, R.N., aged 78. CHAPLIN.—On the 25th of .Tune, at Bermuda Mount o, t e , Jamaica, by a fall from his horse, John , eldest Cr Y .. Wm. Chaplin, Esq , of the Stock Exchange, and Cr don, aged 42. ___----el _ a t LONDON : Printed and Published by JNIURDO YOUNG r No. 112, Strand, Printer , at THE SuN (M D (Mee, N. 112,Str al .: In the Precinct of the Savoy, in the county at Bliddle"'" Saturday, Avguet 3, 1801. THE SUN,' LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 3, 1861.