The Sun. — London, England, 1856-10-08 00:00:00

THKATRE ROYAL. DRURY-LANE. Lessee, Mr. E. T. Smith. THIS EVENING LONDON ASSURANCE. Followed by Barleague of PIZARRO. To conclude with A BALLET DIVERTIMEMENT. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Under the Management of Mr. CuAILE3 IOW( THIS EVENTSO, MUSIC ERTEL CIL&RMS• After which. PIZA.RRO. Hon, by Mr. C. Kaan; Elvira, by Mrg. C. Kean; To conclude with A GAME OF ROMPS. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYNtARICET. Under the Management of Mr. Buciutone. TRIS EVENING, THE INCONSTANT. Followed by The Spanish Dancers. After which, PRESENTED AT COURT. To conclude with THE GALICIAN FETE. LYCEUM THEATRE ROYAL, Lessee, Mr. Charles Dillon. THIS EVENING, BE LP HEGOR. Belphezor, Mr. Chas. Dillon; Madeline, Mrs. Chas. Dillon. After which, the New Burlesque, founded on the Winter's Tale, supported by Mrs. A. Mellon (late Miss Woolear), Miss H. Gordon, Mrs. B. White, '.Kiss V. Wilton, Miss Rosina Wright, Messrs. Toole, Calhaem, Barrett, and Brough. stalls, ss. ; Dress Circle. 4s. ; Upper Boxes, 3s. ; Pit. 25.; Gallery. Is. Commence at 7. Half•price to all parts at 9. Box Office open daily from I I till 4. ROYAL THEATRE ADELPHI. proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. Directress. Madame Celeste. THIS EVENING. IRELAND AS IT IS. Followed by DOMESTIC ECONOMY. To conclude with LuCIFER MATCHES; OR, THE YANKEE - ! ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. Wm. Cooke. THIS EVENING, (Tenth Week !) Shakspere's Tragedy of RICHARD THE THIRD, with Mr. W. Cooke's admired and effective Equestrian Illustrations by his thoroughly trained stud of horses. Unprecedented Tableau of the Battle of Bosworth Field, and Death of White Surrey by the swords of the enemy, &c. - - - After which, The EQUESTRIAN GYRSTrONS in the CIRCLE, by Artistes o celebrity. To conclude with many varied Entertainments. Commence at Aeven. Box-offlee open from seven till Four. stage Manager, Mr •W . west. Equestrian Director, Mr. W. Cooke, jun. RIGS WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY—Morn. 23 rain. aft. 7—Evening 8 rain. aft. 8 Trl-Liognow—Morn. 1 min. aft. 9—Evening 49 rain. aft. 9 THE WEATHER—SUN OFFICE, OCTOBER S. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 60 —highest since noon yesterday. 53 —lowest this morning and during the night. 57 —this day at noon. RAsomITEII, 3003. WIND, N.E.—Moderate, with dull rainy weather. TAMPED EDITION OF " THE SUN," The Latest Elition of The Stoz, Stamped, in time for Post, may alwayi be had from half- past 5 till 7 o'clock every evening. Subscribers in the Country will please t , ) observe that the heading " THIRD EDITION" is always to be seen on the papers containing the latest news. If any difficulty be experienced n obtaining that Edition, a communication to The Sun Office will remedy it. Sun Office, 112, Strand. A LONDON, WEDNESDA.Y, OCTOBER 8, 1856 There is a monetary convulsion impending— another commercial crisis " looming in the fu ture," that threatens to prove no less disastrous than that of 1847. The panic has already cyntnenced ; and the practice of hoarding, the inevitable incident of a metallic currency, must materially aggravate the evil. Notwithstanding the enormous importation of bullion, the Bank of England is unable to hold its own, and the weekly returns afford painful but incontrovertible evidence of the rapidity of the drain. These returns show but a portion of the m i sc hi e f. Not only is the amount in the Bank cellars reduced, but that circulating in the hands of the public, which, as in 1847, is abridged to a still greater extent. It must be borne in mind that, under the sagacious system that prohibits the circulation of small notes, there are, according to the best calculations, from forty to fifty millions of sovereigns circulating in England. The amount may be greatly diminished without distinct evidence thereof, although the effect will be severely folt by the industrial classes. Besides, it is not gold only that is now aimed at. Silver is even more eagerly sought after ; and there we are likewise without the means of detect ing the amount withdrawn. We can only guess at it from the severe pressure occasioned to those whose business transactions seldom extend to the more precious metal. While the silver of France is so eagerly sought after, it cannot be supposed that our silver has escaped scatheless from the acquisitiveness displayed by anxious bullionists. It is true that English silver has one protection to which we may ascribe a grea t port i on of its comparative exemption from the run on the silver coinage of other nations. The intrinsic is consider. ably less than the nominal value thereof. The pound troy is coined into sixty-six shillings— that is to say, the coined ounce of silver is worth ss. 6d., while the uncoined ounce will fetch little more than ss. There is thus a royalty of more than sd. per ounce, or some 7 or 8 per ce n t., w hil3 the royalty on gold is but a small fraction. The want of full intrinsic val ue —th e matter so loudly insisted on by the bullionists of the MEE,. CATOR school—is the only thing that saves the silver currency, and prevents us from realising the full extent of the inconvenience experienced in France. This will show the vast importance of a paper currency, only valuable for domestic p ur . Poses. That would not be in any way disturbed or interfered with whatever may occur in other king doms. There could then be no derangement or paralysis of the national industry from the mere want of t he measure and representative of value. Production would not be checked at the very moment when it was most required to maintain the revenue, and amply provide for every demand on the resources of the country. Under the existing monetary code, which com pels us to provide specie at a fixed price for all corners, we are the common object for all conti nental powers to p r ey en to the utmost extent possible. Our good friends and allies of France make the heaviest demand. 4. T 1 . arrival of gold or ' , IPir agents fore stal us on every saver bullion. The Bank of France is actually PaYi • ng more for gold than it receives, but the acute mind that directs and controls its operations is well aware that 50,0 001 . , or even double the amount, my be judiciously sacrificed in averting the evils that are pressing on its remources. The buiden, th ere . fore, is coolly transferred to English shoulders ; and the system dill be continued until we adopt ome adequate mean.] of protection to avert the A)111, S trange, danger. ffor is it France only that is making ' such free use of English finances. Austria and Russia are putting forward a variety of pretexts to get their fingers into our purse, and ease JOHN Bin', of the money of which he takes so little care. It is obvious, then, that the precautionary measures should not be delayed until the evil has actually occurred, that we should shut the stable door while the steed yet remains in its stall I But what should these precautions be ? What will prevent French, Russian, and Austrian cupidity from satisfying itself at our cost ? It is quite clear that any further increase in the cur rent rate of interest will be perfectly useless. The Times reasons truly when it says--•" If the Bank of France are determined to buy gold at any sacrifice, no addition of one or two per cent. per annum on the rate of Bills of Exchange will be regarded. The only limit to such an operation must be found in the exhaustion of their power to buy up bills on this country, or to obtain credits here !" But in this confessedly useless effort we are to cause wide-spread ruin and distress to the working population of the country ; to bring many respectable houses to the verge of bankruptcy ; to reduce the price of all securities, public and private, and to cause loss to the community at large, and misery and privation to vast numbers. It is quite clear that a very different remedy is required, and that can only be obtained by the introduction of a purely domestic eurrency, good for internal circulation, and bypermitting the precious metals to be disposed of at their market value, so that a drain can be immediately and readily checked, and which will prevent the temptation to hoarding, which is carried to such an extent in France that M. MAGNE calculates that since 1850, according to the official returns, there has been received 800,000,000 francs (32,000,0001.) more than was exported, while there was a balance on business transactions within the same period of 1,360,000,000 francs (54,400,0001.) All this enormous amount cannot have vanished without some show. A portion of it may be " absorbed in the various arteries of circulation, feeding work shops, manufactures, agriculture, and commerce ;" but the greater portion is concealed and hoarded by those who are willing to lose the interest and use of their money, in order to have a large sum available for any emergency. As to the portion in daily use, we have repeatedly explained, and the Times has admitted, that small notes, receiv able in payment of taxes, would perfectly answer the purpose, without any deposit of specie to provide for their convertibility. Whatever is to be done in this most interest ing question should be done speedily ; it is certainly of sufficient importance to justify a meeting of Parliament before Christmas, for the discussion of such measures, relating to the currency, as may be submitted by the Govern ment for its consideration. Austria still occupies the Principalities ! What a world of reproach is implied in these words. An Englishman's cheek should redden with shame on hearing them. They are the death-warrant of the claim of our Government to pass for Eng lish. The diplomatic and the military pride of France are humiliated by them. For what do the words imply ? The jackall in possession of the bone of dispute between lions. A traitorous ally in possession, under false pretences, of a territory from which the enemy was driven by the sword. A people rescued from Cossacks by civilised nations, and delivered over to worse than C ossacks, whose imperious lusts include all the vices to which triumphant savagery is addicted. Oppressive taxation, wanton arrests, torture by imprisonment, mock trials, quasi legal executions, butchery of unarmed citizens, outrages worse than death on helpless women, rapine, violation of in ternational law. All these are implied. Yet Austria is still in possession of the Principalities —occupies them, she has the effrontery to tell us, in the interests of Europe ! The Allies, be it remembered, all the while undeceived by her lying pretences, and owing her no gratitude, hav ing no scruple of that kind to deter them from insisting on an immediate evacuation. Positively aware of, and probably displeased at, the manner of the occupation, and her persistence in it 1 One of them—our own country, to wit—affronted by murderous outrages on her citizens unredressed and hardly apologised for, and with the remem brance of the seizure of Colonel TCRR at Bucha rest fresh in her recollection. Colonel Tutu, a gallant Hungarian in our employ, arrested on a neutral territory, tried, condemned to death, and only saved from that termination of his inhuman imprisonment by the most prompt and determined intervention the aid he would have given us in the war being altogether lost, to the advantage of the enemy against whom we were contending. The days of earnest English statesmanship, and of right hearty English hatred of fraud and oppression are surely past. Let the occupation be regarded in what light it may—let the blood pulsate ever so ealmly in the reader's veins, let him worship RICHARD COBDEN, if he will, pro vided the claims of right, humanity, and common honesty find a response in his bosom, his ccy will surely be—" Listen to no more excuses, but let us have the Principalities evacuated at once ! Let England no longer connive at the low mur derous fraud, nor furnish Russia any longer with a subject of such bitter sarcasm." As we write, the news has reached us that Austria has just occupied Galatz with four thousand troops, and taken the administration of the public affairs into her own hands. Is the mask being thrown off? Of course, Sir HENRY BULWER is about to return home ! His offices are perfectly useless. According to the poet " 'tis distance lends enchantment to the view." This much is certain —and it corroborates rather than impeaches the truth of the assertion—the public often overlook what would excite their intensest sympathy and utmost efforts in the way of prevention if, in place of proximity, distance interposed its magic iniu ence. The late war will furnish us with a case in point. Everybody remembers how the tale of needless suffering and of death among our gallant troops in the Crimea was received at home. What horror and indignation, what sympathy and effective aid, it elicitecl--how finely the generous instincts of the nation responded to the invoca tion ! Yet year after y ear, up to the present hour, hecatombs of helpless landsmen, women, and children, and of hardy sailors —not the least reliable of our defenders —in whose fate thousands of us are deeply interested, perish at our doors, the majority perhaps for want of aid the public ? can render them—and thus p er i s h Without ex citing muchremark. Is it not passing strange however, as it may be, " 'tis. true, and pity 'tis 'tis true." We allude to the numerous shipwrecks and th a loss of life, which find apparently I c ite c i7 inP r 'an mos Y t g stable record, and are perhaps moat vividly brought bc,fore the imagination of the aluitibude by Lilo riven and scattered timbers which strew our coasts. The environs of our little island, which contribute so much to our security from foreign invalaiori, are the redo and shoals on which hundreds on hundreds of our countrymen are annually sacrificed in a great mea sure for want of that aid it is in our power, at a very little saorifice, to lend them. Brave hearts there are in abundance to man our life-boats, but lifeboats, of any sort in sufficient abundance, are wanting to be manned. A beneficent society exists, with a powerful, humane, and generous patron, but unfortunately the society has the area of its operations limited, and its exertions cramped, for want of adequate means. Not one•half of the number of life-boats required—we may say not one-third----is forthcoming ; and of those which are a large proportion are by no means constructed on the best model. Is this as it should be ? A people whose great ness depends so much on commerce—whose friends and relatives are to be found ploughing all waters and on the shores of every sea—whose commercial marine, with the capital and enter prise involved in it, is the wonder of the world— is it right they should continue to be exposed to a reproach like this ? Where is the humanity, the consistency, the common sense on which, as a people, we are so accustomed to pride ourselves ? The underwriter is paid to insure our vessels and their lumbering cargoes ; would it not be more becoming if a little more effort were made to in sure the safety of their precious living freights ? While thus calling attention to the claims of our sailors and of travellers by sea, it affords us pleasure to be enabled to state that the National Life-boat Institution has succeeded in obtaining a new description of life-boat, the superiority of , which over others has been established. The boat in question is the result of competition, the in ventor, James Peake, Esq., Assistant Master Shipwright in H. M. Dockyard at Woolwich, having won the prize offered for the best model by the Duke of NORTIIUMHERLAND in 1852. The boats for the most part have been built of two sizes, viz., 27 feet and 30 feet in length, with 7-,k to 8 feet beam, and rowing from eight to twelve oars, doubled banked, their weight averaging 2 tons. Some, however, of less beam and weight have been found necessary for certain localities. The qualities necessary in a life-boat are :-1. Extra buoyancy ; 2. Self relief of water ; 3. Ballasting ; 4. Self-righting ; 5. Stability ; 6. Speed ; 7. Sto wage rootn ; 8. Strength of build. 1. The life-boats of Mr. PEAKE'S design have a water-tight deck at the load water-line, and de tached air boxes along the sides, conforming closely to the shape of the latter, from the thwarts to the dock. A great amount of extra buoyancy is also derived from large end air -cases, built across the bow and stern, and intended to provide self-righting power ; so that in the event of the boat being stove in, and the space below deck filled with water, these alone would goat her ! 2. In Mr. PEAKE'S life-boats the tubes used for self-relief of water are fitted with self-acting valves, which open downward only, so that they will allow any water shipped to pass downward, whilst none but a trifling leakage can pass upward through them ! 3. Mr. PEAKE'S life-boats are ballasted with heavy iron keels, and with solid wood and cork stowed under their decks, securing regular action, and the latter extra buoy ancy as well should the space under deck be tilled with water. 4. By a peculiarity of the build and the preceding means these boats self-right. S. In Mr. PEAKE'S boat very great stability is obtained by an iron keel and other solid ballast, and by flatness and length of floor, with moderate beara only. 6. There is every reason to believe these boats are equal in speed and power to any, and superior to most, that exist. 7. The air chambers are so distributed as to afford as much room as possible for stowage of passengers. 8. In strength, Mr. PEAK E'S boat will bear compe tition with any others. Superior facilities are also offered to persons getting into the boat, an operation hitherto tasking the strength of even strong men with heavy wet clothes about them. Twenty-three of these boats, we are happy to state, are in the possession of the Institution, and are stationed on the coasts of the United King dom, in addition to three which have gone to other countries, and to 10 which have been built for harbour trusts and other bodies on our own coasts. But what are these to the number wanted ? And if the supply were equal to the demand the Institution would still need funds to maintain them, and to reward the brave men who man them ! HANTS AND WILTS ADULT EDUCATION SOCIETY. BASINGSTOKE, TUESDAY, Ger. 7. The third annual meeting of the Hants and Wilts Adult Educatio❑ Society, and the conference of kindred associations in union with it, were held here this day in the Town-hall. The objects of the society are to promote the establishment of literary and scientific institutions, libraries, and reading rooms, and to encourage a spirit of inquiry and improvement by the delivering of lectures on literary and scientific subjects throughout the counties of Hants and Wilts. The chair was taken by the Dean of Hereford. The rev. chairman, in moving the adoption of the report, entered at length into the benefits of the society and the competitive examinations, and said he hoped these examinations might be continued, and that in future years they might be attended not by three, but by 30, or it might be 300 candidates for the prizes offered by the society. The prizemen were Mr. G. F. Skinner, of Lymington ; :I.lr. W. Blake, of Alton ; and Mr. W. Rowden, of Abbott's Ann ; each of whom had passed a rigorous examination, embracing the history and theory of the steam•engine, the physical geography of the British Isles, and English history during the reigns of James and William 111. Mr. E. CHADWICK made some remarks illustrative of the advantage which had already resulted from the in troduction of the system of competitive examination for civil appointments in the public service, as far as it had gone. As one example of the bearing in educational in stitutions of such examinations as had already taken place, it was noted in the last report of the Stockwell Proprietary Grammar School, that another pupil had re cently gene through an examination for an appointment at the War-office, and obtained it against upwards of $0 candidates; A vote of thanks to the chairman terminated the pro- ceedings. Count de Nesselrode and M. de Titoff, ex-Russian Minister at Stutgardt, and his family left Stettin on Saturday la,t by steamer for St. Petersburg. The Kink of Wurternberg left Stutgardt on the 3d to meet the King and Queen of Prussia at Heiningen. The Duchess d'Orleans, with the Count de Paris and the Count d'Eu, has arrived in Genoa, where the Duchess intends residing for some months. Lord John Russell and family arrived at Turin on the Ith. His lordship was present at a grand dinner given at the embassy by Sir James Hudson, to which the most distinguished diplomatists and Parliamentary represen tatives were invited. THE BONAPARTE FAMILY.—It is known that when Bonaparte had married the daughter of Francis of Austria, the latter took some pains in having researches made about the origin and lineage of the Bonaparte family. But Napoleon declined to take any notice of it, saying, " I a.n the Rudolph Hapsburg of my family." Still, these documents have been partly published of late on the Continent, and exhibit a most respectable appearance. Becaus, be sides the known factthat the mother of one of the Popes was a Bonaparte, the pedigree branches off to Constanti nople - and there is no doubt that the Bonapartee de scended lineally from the Greek emperor. Amongst the numberless facts and data relating to the groat Bonaparte, I an not recollect to have heard what was the coat of arms of the Corsican branch : and whether there had been any;chalwe in it when they bad settled iu Florence, or even Howler. I n t h e coa t o f arms hue, nothing is perhap s so i nteresting as the stone armor i a l s w h ich stood engraved on the house where G oet h e was b orn at Frank fort :—" a winged lyre, surrounded by stars."—" Ha bent eua fats lapicles."—Nolot IVA gualC4' THE SUN, LONDON, WDDNES DAY . EVENING, OCTOI3ER B, 1858. LALTEST DEWS BERNE, OCT. 'T. Six Eundred delegates of the people have assembled at Merges ; they have declared that the sovereignty of the people is in danger from monarchic intrigues, and constitute a central committee. They have voted an address to the authorities, and a manifesto to the people of Switzerland. The railway agitation in the Canton de Vaud is on tht3 increase. General Narvaez arrived in Madrid on the Gth inst. The Paris correspondent of the Times (second edition), in his letter dated yesterday, says : "The accounts this day of the intention of the Government with respect to Naples are somewhat different from what they were yesterday. We are informed that, in accordance with the wishes of the English Government, and considering that the King of Naples obstinately refuses all con cession, a more energetic policy will be adopted by the allies. Of what this energetic policy aon sists, aid when or how it is to be enforced, is not stated. Moreover the term energetic' is vague —what one man considers energetic another may deem feeble. Energetic,' however, seems to be the order of the day for the present." The Paris correspondent of the Morning Post (second edition), in his letter dated yesterday, says : " Official information has reached Paris that the Austrians have suddenly occupied Galatz with 4,000 men. They have taken the administration of public affairs into their own hands here, and at other points of the Danube. Sir Henry Balwer is about to return home, as these steps render the offices of the Ibmmissioners perfectly useless. It remains to be seen if these events have taken place by permission of Turkey." A private letter from Constantinople, of the 29th ult., 'mentions as follows : " The dissension between the French Ambassa dor and the Turkish Government, with reference to the privilege granted to Captain Magne and the navigation of the Sereth and the Pruth, is said to be entirely settled. Austria at last listened to reason, and the revocation of the privilege has been again set aside. The Minister of Finance is still in great difficulties, and he has borrowed another 25,000,000 piastres, at 8 per cent. interest and 2 per cent. commission, which makes 10 per cent. Rothschild's house furnished the funds through its agent at Constantinople. This sum is hardly suf ficient to answer the most pressing wants. "The question of the Isthmus of Suez still re mains in, statu quo, and the railway in the valley of the Euphrates, directed by an English company, at the head of which is Major-General Chesney, is making the greatest progress. According to the Constantinople Journal an Imperial order has au thorised it. This news seemsto me to be premature, because I know for certain that the project has not as yet been examined by the Council of Tanzimat, and that no important resolution is to be adopted before the arrival of Mehemet Kepresli Pasha, who is now at Moscow, where he is not to remain very long." The Tuscan Monitor, of the 3d, says : " At a moment when the Neapolitan question so intensely occupies public attention, we deem it expedient to make known the persons invested with the Ministerial functions in that kingdom. The President of the Council is M. Ferdinand Troja, brother of M. C. Troja, who was Chief of the Minis try of the 3d April ; the Minister of Foreign Affairs i 3 M. Luigi Carafa, former Secretary of Legation in Paris during the reign of Louis Philippe ; Minister of Finance, M. Murena ; Minister Secre tary of State, General Raphael Carascosa ; Direc tor of Internal Affairs, M. Ludovic Biauchini ; Director of the Affairs of Sicily, M. Giovanni Cassisi ; Director of the War and Navy Depart ments, Colonel Picenna and General Bracco ; and Director of the Ministry of Grace and Justice, M. Luigi Pionati." FRANCE. PARIS, TUESDAY EVENING. The Bourse has rallied a little from the panic which yesterday so powerfully affected every kind of security. The report of the Minister of Finance, published this morning in the Moniteur, on the state of the finances, has restored confidence to the public in reference to the exaggerated rumours which have been circulated for several days past. The editors of the Paris papers were requested yesterday by the authorities to publish nothing on the financial crisis, and to be equally discreet about the Neapolitan question. As you may perceive, no prohibition on the former subject has been imposed on the Moniteur. The money-changers have been forbidden to expose in their shop windows the pre mium they offer on silver. The Imperial yacht, the Refine Hortense, arrived at Havre yesterday with Prince Napoleon on board, having effected the passage from Hamburg in 52 Hours. Immediately on the arrival of tha vessel, his Imperial Highness was waited on by the Commissary-General of Marine and the Colonel of the 29th regiment of the line, whilst a considerable crowd of spectators assembled on the quay. The Prince seemed in excellent health, as did all the persons who accompanied him. His Imperial Highness was to take a farewell dinner on board, and then leave for Paris. The yacht, after her cruise, 12,000 miles, would, it was thought, re main for some days in the Vieux Bassin to effect some slight repairs.—His Imperial Highness left Havre last night by the express train , a nd arrived at the Palais Royal this morning about one o ' clock. BOUESE, Oct. 7.—The following were the last quotations : Cash. f e. End of Month. 4 per Cents 9O 50 —f. —O. 3 per Cents 66 40 66 35 New Loan 66 35 Bank Shares 3,950 Roman Credit Mobilier 1,480 Austrian Belgian Fives Spanish Threes Piedmontese(s) B9 50 Some Debt 39 RAILwAYS-7011 CASII. ft. a. fr. c. 880 Orleans ...... ......... 1,252 50 Western Northern ..... ....... 950 Strasbnrg Lyons ...... 1,255 New Ditto Mediterranean ......1,700 Grand Cent ral Lyons Geneva .... 732 50 Tests eche 7OO Austrian Com. 795 AUSTRIA. The Vienna correspondent of the Weser Gazette says :—"M. de Hubner will occupy himself chiefly during his stay in this city with the preparatory examination of the questions which will be dis cussed in the ap proac hi ng co ngress of Paris. It is thought that th e Ki ng of Naples will despatch a plenipotentiary t o th e con gress. It is thought hero that in the question of the Principalities and of Montenegro the majority of voices in congress will approve of the views entertained by Austria." A letter from B er li n s t a t es that Prince Adalbert is almost completely recovered from the wounds which ho had received in his affair with the pirates of the Riff. REFORMS IN TURKEY. CONSTANTINOPLE, Sept. 26.—1 t cannot be too often repeated that the chief cause of the mistakes made by Europeans with regard to Turkey arises from- the circumstance that they attempt to intro duce their own ideas unmodified, instead of adapt ing them to the peculiar character of the country. The result of this mistake is that most, not to say :all, attempts at reforming• Turkey, in a Euro ipean sense of th e word, have become caricatures, which possess m os t o f th e b a d f3aturcs of those same instituti ons i n E urope i n a prominent degree 'without having ono s i ng l e goo d one in them. Thus the attempt of introducing a regular adminis trative system has led to an expensive, com plicated, and corrupt bureaucracy . ; the attempt to form a E uro p ean arm y has produced 414 amphibious force, • =him regular nor irregular ; and even the attempt at dressing the Turks as Europeans has ended in peopling the streets with ludicrous-looking creatures, who seem equally uneasy when they sit down or when they get up. And yet most of our European ideas, if modified and properly applied, could be of the greatest use to Turkey. The only difficulty is how to do this. Take, for instance, publicity. There is, perhaps, no idea of ours which seems so utterly opposed to all current notioris in an Eastern mind as that any thing connecte,d with the Government should be made public. The mass of the people are still in that benighted state where blind faith is the main spring of all obedience. Secresy becomes a State maxim, for the denser the veil is in which all acts of the Government are hidden the greater is the feel inn. of awe. It would be, therefore, folly to press publiciV on a country like Turkey, especially as the Mass of the people would take no interest what ever in the most interesting disclosures. At last, however, there seems a beginning made. In the last number of the semi-official Journal de Constantinople there is an official table of the popu lation of European Turkey, made at the last census in 1845. According to the law there ought to have been a census in 1853, that is, every seventh year ; but owing to the war, this has been deferred to the present moment. The same number of this journal has likewise a translation of the decree or dering a new conscription at Constantinople. The Imperial decree is as follows : " It would be useless to enlarge on the advantages of a census, which is recognised as of great importance, both for good government and a good administration. To follow this rule a census has been already made several times ; but since the last census considerable time has elapsed, and it is necessary to correct the old registers, to know the exact number of the present population, and to compare it with the old one. To arrive at this result orders have been issued for a new census. Em ployes and registrars will bo designated for this purpose, and will be sent to the different points of the capital, of Scutari, and of the Bosphorus, to note down the male population, without any difference as to religion, and without leaving out any one. " In order to make a distinction between the Ottoman and other subjects, every one will receive a sened, or cer tificate, which he will be obliged to exhibit whenever he wants to get possession of property or of a legacy, or to "This system is . doubly advantageous, because it will prevent the abuses which result from false pretensions of certain persons, and which exercise an evil influence in lawsuits and other public affairs. His Imperial Majesty, in the interest of his subjects, will give to every one of them henceforth a Take e, with his Imperial cypher. " Moreover, beginning from the month of Moiharem, of the year 1273 of the Hegira, every family will have to make a declaration in all cases of birth or death to the Imatim or Muchtar or Papas or Haham of the quarter, or to any other person who will be designated, and who will correct the register of his quarter and transmit it to the town authorities. " Such is the Iradi of his Sublime Majesty the Sultan, which must be executed. The census will begin in a few days, and instructions have been given to the employes who have been designated for the purpose to announce the day when the census will take place, that every one should be in his quartel that day. The advantages of this measure cannot be mistaken ; nobody should try to escape it ; on the contrary, every one should come for ward freely to be inscribed. Every person who after the closing of the registers shall not be inscribed must hold himself responsible for the consequences, and the present information is given that everybody might take his measures accordingly." SPAIN. The Madrid Gazette of the 3d contains a Royal decree, which enacts that as a proof of the Queen's " Royal affection for her beloved sister the Duchess de Montpensier," the child to whom the Duchess is about to give birth shall enjoy the privileges of an Infante of Spain. The Madrid Post-office is making arrangements for sending two mails to Paris daily. A company, called the Franco-American, had completed its arrangements for establishing regular steam communication between Spain and Cuba, and the first steamer is to sail from Cadiz for that island on the 26th of this month. A letter from St. Petersburg in the Nord of Brussels says :—" Everything is changed in the itinerary of the Emperor and Empress, who will now go to Kiew, as was their first intention. They will proceed to Toula ; and thence, on Oct. 9, will make a solemn entry into this capital, just as they did at Moscow." In consequence of the generally prevailing finan cial crisis, the Chamber of Commerce of Stutgardt has addressed a petition to the Minister praying it to use all its influence in the monetary conferences at Tienna, that gold may be as soon as possible adopted as the legal standard throughout all the States of the Zollverein, as being the most effectual means of putting an end to the present crisis. THE AFRICAN MAILS. PLYMOUTH, TUESDAY NIGHT. The African Mail Company's steamer Candace, Captain Hawkesley, has arrived, with the usual mails, 27 passengers, a full cargo, and 3,000 ounces of gold dust, and her cargo includes 340 casks of palm oil, 180 cakes of beeswax, and 70 pieces of ivory. _ _ _ Her dates homeward are :—Old Calabar, Aug. 29th ; Cameroons and Fernando Po, 30th ; Bonny, Lagos,Sept. 3d ; 6th ; Accra, Btl. ; Cape Coast, 9th ; Liberia, 9th ; Sierra Leone, 18th ; Bathurst, 22d ; Goree, 23 ; Teneriffe, 28th ; and Madeira, 30th. vv The news brought by this arrival is satisfactory. The coast was healthy, there were no recent dis turbances, and the trade was tolerably brisk. At Old Calabar, the captain of the English ship Africa had been severely beaten on shore by the na tives. He was progressing favourably. The Euro pean residents had sent to Fernando Po to request the Consul there to send a man-of-war to inquire into the circumstances. The Candace left Madeira on the Ist inst., at which the cholera had nearly subsided. It was estimated that 8,000 persons had been carried off, but not twenty of whom were English. Much rain had fallen at Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Bathurst, but those colonies were healthy. Eight thousand persons are supposed to have died at Madeira from cholera, w hi c h was subsiding. Her Majesty's screw steam sloop Plumper, 12, Commander Win. Haswell, left Lagos on the sth of September, on a cruise. Mr. Thomas Hutton, a merchant, had taken passage in the Candace for England. Whilst com ing on board the canoe in which ho was capsized, and unfortunately he was drowned. At Sierra Leone, on the 18th Sept., were her Majesty's ships Bloodhound and Firefly. At Ba thurst, the Dover Company's steamer Niger left Liberia, outward bound, on the 13th September. A French screw steam ship-of-war was lying at Goree on the 23d. of September. The Candace signalled, on the 13th September, i n l at . 5.57, lon. 10.30 W., the ship St. Andrew • October 4th, in lat. 41.23 N., lon. 11.43 W., the barque Henrietta ; and in lat. 49.25 N., lon. 5.12 W., the Belgian barque Van Dyck. On entering the Channel, on the 7th of October, observed a large number of vessels. A. LADY PREACHER.—A Doncaster paper states that Miss Buck preached two sermons in the Wesleyan Cha pel of Luddington, on Sunday last, kindly lent for the occasion to the Primitive Methodists. The children con • nected with the Sabbath school recited a number of sacred pieces in the afternoon. Miss Buck preached again on the following evening, in the same place. THE INCUMBENCY OF CLERKENWELL.—The election by the vestry (under the recent Local Management Act) of an incumbent for this parish, rendered vacant by the death of the Rev. W. E. L. Faulkner, is fixed for Friday next. Great excitecnent prevails amongst the inhabitants, and the walls of the parish are covered with printed pla cards setting forth the claims of the several candid a t es . Many of these placards outvie in virulence and abuse those which occasionally appear in the heat of the fiercest political contest. Motives of the worst character are im puted, not so much, however, to the candidates for the ministry of the parish as to their leading supporters ; and this is the more strange as all the clergymen who are before the electors belong to the evangelical party. THE FLOGGING OF PAUPER CHILDREN OF ST. PANCRAS AT WHITECHAPEL UNlON.—Yesterday a meeting of the directors of the poor of St. Pancras was held in the Board•room, Vestry-hall, Camden Town, for the purpose of receiving the report of a committee appointed rela tive to the alleged flogging of pauper children belonging to the parish of St. Pancras, farmed out at the schools of the Whitechapel Union at Forest Gate. The particu lars respecting the alleged flogging, it will be recollected, were contained in a letter written to Mr. Lawford, a St. Pancras director, by Mr. Potter, the late master of the St. Pancras Union, who had been transferred to the jurisdiction of the Whitechapel authorities. Potter's letter stated that a boy had been floggred till the blood flowed. The committee reported that they had examined Mr. Parton, the schoolmaster by whom the punishment was inflicted, and several others, including Le boy who was flogged, from whose statements it appeared that the assertion in Potter's letter was unfounded, and Potter himself, on being interrogated, admitted that he did not know that any blood flowed after the beating of the boy Cowan, but that he was told so by one of the boys. The committee, therefore, expressed to the guardians of the Whitechapel Union their regret that such a statement should have been made, and recommended the directors of St. Pancras to intimate to the guardians of White chapel that they . did not, after what had occurred, de sire them against - their wish to continue in their service an officer capable of making so grave and unfounded a statement. Several directors having expressed their strong opposition to corporal punishment in any form, the adoption of the report was carried by a large majo rity, after which the board separated. THE MONETARY CRISIS IN FRANCE. We have received the Moniteur of yesterday, and now subjoin a translation from the official journal of the report of the Minister of Finance on the budget of 1858, a telegraphic summary of which appeared in our impression of yester day " Sire,—At this period, when I have to ascer tain the elements of the budget of 1858, in order that they may be submitted to your Majesty's in spection, I proceed, in coniplianoe with your com mands, to place before you a succinct statement of the most essential facts belonging to the present year, to indicate the general point of view in which our calculations of receipts and expenses ought to be made. " The circumstances through which we have passed, Sire, were very difficult ; all sorts of mis fortune, so to speak, came upon us at the same time —war, cholera, the inundations, and the pro tracted dearth. At other periods, one alone of these calamities has sufficed to exhaust the sources of employment and of wealth, to excite troubles in the community, and to embarrass the State as well as the fortunes of individuals. It was much to be feared that, with such a concurrence of dis• asters as we have been oppressed with, at least public confidence would have been impaired, and that the suspension of trade and manufactures would have caused a serious diminution of the revenue of the Treasury. " These multiplied misfortunes, Sire, have no doubt greatly affected the heart of your Majesty ; but despite such melancholy trials, every sincere lover of his country and of the truth must feel happy in acknowledging the fact—perhaps a fact unique in history—that never, thanks to the con. fidenco which your Majesty has inspired, was more complete security prevailing, or more perfect order ; never were the energies of this nation more actively developed, never did the improve ment of the public revenue so rapidly progress. " It is a singular fact that the difficulties of our present position are those which arise out of the very excess of our prosperity, and in a manner out of the excessive feeling of confidence. By a for tunate necessity, the government has had to apply its efforts, not to provoking, but restraining the general impulse, and by repeated admonitions to keep speculation within the bounds of prudent reserve. " The operation of the budgets now current, the state of credit, the Bank and the Treasury, are the points towards which must converge, and at which chiefly must be manifested, the symp toms which at any given period are most charac teristic of the economical situation of the country, and supply the most accurate measure of its capa bilities. As these data form the basis of a rational estimate of the wants and resources of the future, I beg your Majesty's permission to make them the subject of some observations. " The budget of 1854 is now in course of being brought to a settlement. The provisional account of it which was published last year showed an exces3 of expenditure of 100 millions of francs. This deficit is in the final account reduced to 75 millions. " The budget of 1865 has just been closed, and we have every reason for hoping that the amount which it leaves to be covered will not go beyond 50 or 60 millions. " These figures will be seen to be satisfactory, Sire, if they are compared with the average deficit of the five preceding years, which was not less than SO millions annually, and if we bear in mind the enormous burdens which the public calamities, even without taking the war into account, im posed in addition to the ordinary services of 1854 and 1855, involving the opening of large supple mentary credits. " These comparatively favourable results are to be attributed to the extraordinary increase of the revenue from indirect taxation, which last year attained the enormous amount of 65 millions, without including 33 millions arising from new taxes. "At no period, under the most favourable in fluences, have the producing capabilities of th e nation been exhibited in so signal a manner. " This movement, which was ascribed to the Exhibition, has not ceased in 1856. It was be lieved and asserted that it would cease ; but that wai a complete error. " The result, in fact, has been decisive as to that point. If the amount of the products of the country in 1855 had been owing to an accidental cause, we should have seen, what always happens after a great effort, a sudden pause in our indus trial progress, and the products of 1856 would have fallen off and descended even to less than those of 1854. " I am happy to be able to state, Sire, that the contrary has actually happened. " Not only has the amount of the year been attained and exceeded—not only, at least up to this time of the year, the extraordinary amount of 1855 has been reached, but the first month of the present year, compared with the correspond ing months of last year, give us a considerable increase. " This increase comes to 63 millions as com pared with 1854, and nearly 26 millions, as com pared with 1855, in the first half-year only. " It is true that the comparison for the month of August is less favourable—but that is imma terial, for it is to be explained by the payments of taxes by anticipation, in the month of August, 1855, occasioned by a wish to avoid payment of the newly imposed tenth. This partial falling off will, moreover, be soon compensated for. The information we have received enables us to expect an increase of above twelve millions on the month of September. " Upon the whole, the augmented revenue from the old taxes, and the sum derived from the new taxes, together constitute an excess of about 72 millions above the amount of the estimat e d revenue for the nine first months of this current year. " The importance of this calculation is beyond all dispute. We have, therefore, Sire, without indulging in any illusion, the most substantial reasons to hope that the budget of 18 O, notwithstanding the expense of contracting the loan, will actually exhibit, for the first time during many years, an equal balance-sheet. This desirable result, at tained in times of exceptional difficulty, is the best proof that the onward progress of the fortunes of the State hitherto is far from being slackened. " But shall we find any evidence to the contrary in the momentary depreciation of the public secu rities t " This is a very delicate subject, and difficult of appreciation. In the alternations of rise and fall of prices much is due every day to the in fluence of temporary causes which are often in explicable and unknown. But one fact or general observation and of a re-assuring character results from the present state of things, which it will soon control; and that is the perception, as every sin cere mind must agree, that the giving way in the prices of our securities does not proceed either from want of confidence or a diminution of capital in France, or a defect in the solidity of their titles, but solely from the multiplicity of the securities themselves. We must not be surprised at this, for it is the invariable law of trade that every sort of merchandise declines in market value in proportion to the quantity of the supply, espe cially if this exceeds the existing want and the amount of means at the time disposable. " The resources of France, Sire, are indeed great ; they are immense, and recent events have showed their full extent. There could b e any serious danger to them only if we cam e t o per suade ourselves that they were infinite, and that they would suffice in a single day, that w hi ch should be h work of time. B u t l e t the prudent c to perform i n France, and abroad te patient also, recommendations of your Majesty be listened to, and let the requisite time be afforded for the sur plus to run off, and th en th e various classes of secu rities will rapidly assume their true position, the scale of their va l ues will soon rise ; andfor I expect their basis is sulidly established, the ex isting securities ale founded in general upon bona fide productive enterprifsoB3 and the elasticity of credit has, after all, been entirely maintained. The apprehended embarrassments, I cannot too often repeat, could only arise, Sire, from such ex aggerated speculation as it is to be hoped the pub lic will know how to guard against. "It is to the same cause that we must attri bute the reaction by which last year, at this very season, the Bank of France was obliged to adopt some restrictive measures. " Those measures were unfavourably appre ciated by a portion of the public, because they were not always viewed with an accurate know ledge of the cause, nor in all cases with disin terested feelings. That great institution has to deal with such numerous and diversified interests, that whatever it may do it cannot escape the dis advantage of injuring some of them, and in their judgment the course it may adopt, however wise it be, will always be the course which ought not to have been adopted. " What, then, was the state of affairs ? The amount of discounts of the Bank daily assumed exorbitant proportions, and its reserve was rapidly decreasing. Everybody acknowledged that an immediate remedy was called for, and the only disagreement was about the nature of that remedy; the most serious measures were proposed. What was it, then, which the Bank did ? The same which it had done, and always with success, under almost all the preceding Governments when in analogous circumstances. The Bank said to the public, However liberal may be my statutes, there is, nevertheless, a limit to the issue of my securities which the commonest prudence, if not an express law, forbids me to exceed. In order to enable me to grant assistance in a greater num ber of cases of need, it is necessary that every one should consent to reimburse me more quickly.' And with this object the Bank contented itself, whilst raising the rate of interest, with shortening the date of bills discounted. No doubt from this measure resulted a certain derangement in com• mercial affairs which was to be regretted, but which was not without some compensating benefit to trade itself. The resources of the Bank, re newed more frequently, enabled it to make a greater number of discounts ; if its advances were for shorter periods, they were thereby multiplied ; and upon the whole, during the months of Octo.. ber, November, and December, under the opera tion of the measure referred to, the amount of the Bank discounts exceeded by more than 600 mil lions that of the discounts in the same months of the preceding year. Sufficient notice has not yet been given to the enormous relief which was thus bestowed upon commerce. " By acting in this manner the Bank of France stopped, as it had done on former occasions, the evil which threatened to approach it, and did not cause those serious disturbances to trade which had been apprehended. The Bank of a neigh bouring country, notwithstanding the great amount of credit which is characteristic of it, and the legal currency of its bank notes, was obliged at the same period to impose restrictions upon trade, which in their effect, if not in their form, were far more rigorous. " The same circumstances which last year deter mined the Bank of France to adopt such measures having been reproduced in the present year, the Bank has deemed itself bound to observe the same line of conduct, and expects from it the same result. "It may be said of the Bank, as well as of credit, that its difficulties do not arise from the fundamental condition of affairs, but are caused by a temporary exuberance. " The exportation of specie has been spoken of. A succession of bad harvests, the purchase of silks abroad, and other less legitimate causes, have doubtless had their influence on the exportation of our coinage ; silver, in particular, has become an object of a traffic which makes the public un easy, and which consists in selecting the finest pieces of coin and withdrawing them from the currency for their surplus value. This practice, the tendency of which is to destroy the general equilibrium of our monetary system, was under the old law regarded as an act of debasement of the coin of the realm and punished with the severest penalties. Modern legislation cAnnot be powerless against such an abuse, which has vothing in common with the undisputed principle of com mercial liberty. The attention of your Majecity's Government is very properly directed to this evil. " But in looking at tha question in its general and permanent aspect, we see, Sire, how un founded are the fears which some entertain. When, notwithstanding the exceptional needs of which I have just spoken, the sum total of our it to i t s al impossible imports by that the a ex u po e r n t o s rm ex o c u e s eds am th o e un s t u , m balance which is in our favour, and which wince 1880 has amounted to 1 , 36 0,000,0001., should not have brought to us against our sales more spevis than has left us for purchases. A very remark able fact comes to con fi rm th i s conclusion. Ac- , cording to official custom returns, France has received in gold or silver since the same epoch 800,000,000 f. more than she has exported ; the first eight months of the current year figure in this total for a bonus of 72,000,000 f. No doubt the declarations of exportations have some times been incomplete, but the same is of true entries. What has become of this money 4 It is not lost, Sire ; it is in the country ; it has penetrated by the thousand channels of circulation which aliment the numerous establishments of public works, ma nufactures, agriculture, and. commerce ; it has been meeting the new wants which result from the development of social activity, and by its fecundity it augments the general stock of publio wealth. " The embarrassment now felt does not, there fore, arise from any fundamental vice, but from transient causes. " The situation of the Treasury, which is an excellent one, is a new proof of this. "The first two loans have been paid up, and the payments of the last, which will suffix) to liquidate the war, are met with exactitude. " The public revenues augment, as I have just said, in a ratio without precedent. The taxes are paid with the most rare punctuality, and even in advance. Money lows into the public exchequer. The payment of the dividends of the last six months has left us with a reserve of 1 1,000,000 f. It must be evident to every man of sense that these are the evidences of a situation which is good at bottom. " For these reasons, Sire, I have thought it right, in preparing the budget of 1858, to lay aside the pre-occupations of the moment, and to take the natural and normadlmesymiroeosvutesimmoefantlietsmi.o.ftintgh: public A t the fortune sam a e s t t i h m e e, bas be i i s n o g f as for 1867, the chances of supplementary credits, I have, according to your Majesty's orders ap preciated the expenditure with the utmost pos sible exactitude, and the receipts with the great est moderation. Thus, notwithstanding some improvements made in the situation of the minor functionaries, and th e a ll ev i a ti on of som e fi sca l burdens, we may hope that the budget of 1858 will largely suffice for its expenditure. I am, (33c., P. MAGNE." M. de Dirking-Tiohnfeld, who had been Danish re• presentative to the Ilanse-towns, to Hanover and Old enburgh, since 1849, has been appointed Danish ambas sador to Paris. A prospectus has been issued of the Australian Land and Emigration Company, with a capital of 100,000/., under respectable auspices, with a view to facilitate the settlement of Germans in New South Wales. The weekly reviews from the Amsterdam and Rotter dam produce markets state that the increased value of money had checked business, but that quotations had not experienced any important change. In coffee, sugar, and the other principal articles the operations Were chiefly for immediate consumption. The letters from Rouen mention that the Inarket for manufactures wars steady, although the attendance of buyers had diminished. The experimental iron pavement laid down in Leaden hall-street, opposite the Church of St. Katherine Cree, does not exhibit that fixedness and stability so essential to be regarded in the pavement of the permanent car riage-ways of the metropolis. The various compart- Mead in which this pavement is laid down already show very considerable indications of wear, and the vibrations to which they are perpetually subjected show a certain looseness and want of tenacity and endurance, the re verse of which is the characteristic of granite pavi ng , 'especially when properly laid in the narrow - ganged courses,—Building News