The Sun. — London, England, 1861-11-23 00:00:00

AMERICA'S TRIBAL NATIONS, NOR 111) MEXICO'S ESIPIRY (SOUTH. REVERED SAciums,—The Sovereign Native Chief Saccomo, elect of all the white-faced Counterpoise-sacco mo's Christendom-chiefs of Asiatic Europe, under the trust behalf, as based on the double eagle of Mexico united with Rome' civic one, by force of 1519-21-July, reset 1762, of the flux and reflux life-right of (the Indian Sovereign Chief herein represented for) the neutral-tidal'd isle lake of Tenustitan or M-x-ico, has learnt, from the sth Decade of Peter Martyr, as of Welsh history, now of necessity brought to light since the kirk-bank scramble for our gold-ores, by robbers, under the term of the avoirdu- PEA. -Grim Washington " Texas-hundred" partners of the Romish Theatricum Ecclesiastical-suND of stage-playing idealists to the astra-geograph spiral movement, touching nature's starred seasons, by words of sound without sense manifestation, whereby the rights of the natives to their in- seiz'ned elections—become a tinkling cymbal on the zenith-shadow of the Z overhead, as marked by our 29th September Nile-Q.-meter of the Great Spirit of Almighty Clod, for his earthly Marayes-lake sustenance, of man. • Tribal-sac'hemos and Sachims, learn that it pleased the fiscal authorities of the East, thro'our gulf-stream efflu vium magnetic, to direct the minds of all to our north- Bell- ot-regions in 1818, whence the cause of the Act. 58 Geo. 111. Regis, c. xx , in the month of May, to re decide upon our regional assynode perigee longitude, of the Cone citation-polar, visible at 4 deg. south of the equator, under longitude 60 W., whence this act be came the fulcrum of recognition of °Utrecht 1713, 26 Geo. 11., as of 1730, of Cherokee Carib chief election 1742, by mecca to the Quaker Affirmation Act, for the Esqui. maux-Labrador-Carib, holding the INlingan' f 4 xastgard font set of 60 w. from London, as the meridian line of Trinidad, aecho-dos-Morros stileometcr of Paraguay, Al-cor rientcs of the Sacramento and Herman;, of the ste-south polar Terra-del-f Fuego's New Zealand. Know ye then, Sachims, that Sir William Ouseley, the Luther Established kirk-wall Queen's agent, placed before me, the circumfrancia Lopez act of having obtained the signature of 800 of the Sachims, as now guided by the Romish Jesuit Calvin priests, (of Geneva's mexi :unites), promising allegiance that ye were not against the Queen of Heaven' without being told who you are for. And as the same trick was played off on the Indians of the north, that their Kt. scholastic teacher of Malta's Rica-sold - fort, isocris-life-gift induction of CARL. V. without right of voice, but through Scotland as sister of Rome,' which imposition has [since committee of the 1836 House of Com mons Gladstone, chairman] passed over the native tribes, without sect distinction, to the care of Quakers, when the ,£lOO,OOO rent accumulation, of the Indian lands of Albany and Trinity Church, New York, with that of Buenos Ayres erected the Smithsonian Institution on the halved [1846 Congress Act] Washington district of Colum bia, whereby seizing the Indian responsibilities under a mixed wig'd Christ Commission for an internal sentry-box man, as the Sterling antagonistic to the Uaited States Legislature of 1776, which this counterpoiss Sagamoth'ean edict for all America, on 1 Art. U.S., sec. 3, as the law of England for the Indians throughout the world. Sachims—lt is requisite to know that the Act of 1818 became the Regiscone shield of our tribes by the Crown Colony-Clov'nr.-Hamilton thro' his Sheriff's, Captains Buchan & Glasscock's medium on Louis 18th's 1818, French Order's 3ty, placed the Caribess Indian lady, Mary March, as " in habeas virginals tenerum corpus Christi," under the .State sponsorship of Montague Charles H. Ackerley, c., acting lieutenant and crown surrogate of the Admiralty, .as of the Board of longitude, before cited, for his ingress and egress [on 1658 act], for the collection of all wills and tostimentary documents, without distinction of sect, creed, or colour, in 1820, for Newfoundland and Quebec, and at Rio Janeiro, Brazils, 29th August, 1825, by Stuart de Rothesay, Hamond, and A. Marcus Hill, secretary of em bassy, now Lord Sandya on £3,000 a year, the prin cipal, Ackerley, named as cube-root protector of the Indian, on £9O half-pay R.N., now 40 years—the youngest of Malcom & the Saxon Margarate's offspring, in Holland- Brydges-Chamberlayne, whence " Constable of 3PSOot-. Angl'lot land, as of llarischar Coll. & Dublin's trust. Whence, Sachims, the cause of Ackerley's support of the Indian chief of America, Peter Basquet, elected by all the sovereign Powers Asiatic Europe as Rome's bailiff (not its vicar's), in charge of Admiralty's red flag and all the symbols of power, on the 31st of January, 1842, avho—on the rebel confusion, and loss of responsibilities, refused to give up his Indian grant-personality for all, thence became ex-communicated, threatened to be shot, and deprived of the flag-union by Romish priests, as taken out with Lord Ashburton in H.M.S. Warspite unknown to the Governor of Canada, whence, being between two fires, was sent to England by the Protestant magistrates to claim Quo warranto writ for the restitution of his imperial Indian power, as well as mile'age maintenance on public duty, now 19 years. Sachims—The repudiation in 1851 of my State under Extradition act 1843, for the criminal law brought to light through providence " Indian Mary March's sponsor" still living, who as the abovenamed Ackerly has supported me, Peter 8., [the Government N.B. interpreter for 40 years Sir H. Dougles and Lord Seaton, to wit,] as in duty bound under his first appointment as Lieut.-Capt. Cook and Lieut.-Major Cartwright's surrogatorial successor. Sac'homo's Jr Sachims. Ken I by the act of 1818 (24-32 still pending), ¢ 4.9, subjects or subject for equal rewards to all parties on Polarexpedition. Ye will now think deep of the danger of joining either party of the white faces or half caste Indian persuaders, and are hereby prohibited for their own dignity, to notice the sub-proclamation as headed in the gimes and Post " A Convention between, ENGLAND, France, and Spain," and signed 16th Nov., 1861, whereby you will perceive [that on such setting forth], the com mon law is not embraced in the said deed for the Indian's rights, as well as the alien's of contracting parties to keep sectarian peace on their soil. By reasons as follows :- 1. The flag union (of the crosses on 3 James I. is a Chris tian Zoliverein trading flag „ and not a belligerent by the Ordnance) issue of Jan. 31 1842, from the Tower— under my Water Gap-line limit RED flag as the war one of empery. 2. That the mythic words British and Britain, whether St. George's or St. Patrick's Channel, for excluding the word England from the 1782 court Christian sea charts, adopted without the sanction of Europe, contrary to the Justinian Roman law base of the X-span' Fueros union courts of n-gal law of 1521, and under 1761 trust, which has been already derided in the ang'lot Spanish Crte. as inad missible, by the assumed Britishers and Frenchmen of in corporated St. Denis, under the words "except Franco" in March 3, 1815, U. S. 3ty, prior to Blucher and Wellington's signature [for restoration of the Jesuits of the 2d order of Nelchisidek on a moving earth error with it] the 17th of June, 1815, the eve, of their battle of Waterloo's Brazil'd Belgium treaties of 1828-30 of sectarian illegality. 3, The Papal assumption of Sir W. Glre Ouseley in collecting the signatures of the 800 Sachims for rebellion in my name, seen by his Wabash'd Wa'ker succession in Central America, for the Sigismond life-tenure as sumption of the house of Savoy, for the seizing of Mexico from England's allies, caused his papist envoy, Capt. Aldham, to be shot by the Indians, as sacrificing their nationalities to 4 wolves men,'—as made manifest by late Morocca bullion theft' convention, for dynastic retro spective arrangements. in violation of Ackerley's pivot trust appointment of 29th Aug., 1825, for the benefit of all parties, without distinction of creed or colour, including the MosruoE doctrine, [as that of the 'Manilla French channel of official letter], which elected the Indian Peter as the law's font, and recognised as such by Peel and 1 / a rby, and the King of Prussia at Windsor Castle, 1842, as the 'solo' man of North Russian guarantee-elect of the 99 years Dutch Loan Act of 1832, unconnected with religion. Fourthly. The non-ratification in the London Gazette, and not within the fifteen days, is illegal by act of Parlia ment on Indian trust, it being in the Supplement. The foregoing Chain proves to ye', Sachims I Indians, aliois, and all others, that the Cabinets named in this con vention are engaged in carrying out the dictum of Mr, CANNING in a converse sense, being in total opposition t th , legislative unity of the standard of weight and measure of 1821 and 1835, for raising the revenue under annual elec tion of paid laymen, as well as for guiding the commerce of the whole world. Therefore the gist of this letter, for my rights, yours, and all parties, is [for the monetary recognition o f all dues from America upon the principal of primary well •intention of the whites and the evident decay of human nature, by tho theft of the 1730 Indian nationalities in my regard],by brother and sister association for the future, under the law of Eng land, as now disconnected with t Pope, . 4 ; Churches, or Sects. PETER BRANT BASQUET, America's Empry-Sagamo, (Nephew of Sac'mo Jos. Brant, 1775—Sac'mo Peter foma Brant, 1825, of New Brunswick), Canada's Gaspel. C. H. ACKERLEY, P.C.,—sworn in, —C. J.,Empyrate commissif,n of Review, 1825-37. Hen. B's executor WOTTON' LYON BOWES, P.C. 23rd,—London. See The Sun, Nov. 16, 1861. I'o YAL ENGLISH OPERA, I%) COVENT GARDEN. Under the management_of 31_fas . Louisa Pyne and Mr. Win Harrison, Sole Lessees, THIS EVENING "(3d time) THE TOY MAKER. Mr. Henry Haigh, G. Pyne ; Mesdames Susan Pyne and Thirl- Wall, After which, at Eight o'ctock, TUN B LAS. Miss Louisa I'vne, Mesdames Susan I'yne, Thirlwall, Tessi M‘Lean ; Messrs. SAntley, A. St. Albyn, Patey, and W. Harrison. Conductor, Mr. ALFRED MELLON. Commence at Seven o'clock. The Box-office open from Ten to Five daily. No charge for hocking, or fees to Box-keepers. gr,m-Manager, Mr. Leigh Murray. Acting- 3lanager, Mr. Edward Murray. TI EATII. it Y AL, HAY MARKET, Leslce, Mr. J. S. Backston. TITTR P.VENINo, the nertormances will commence with THE WOVE' AND THE LAMB. After which, OUR AMERICAN COUSIN% Lord Dun dreary, Mr. &Ahern. Mr. Buckstone, Mr. Farren, Mrs. C. Young, k.c. To conclude with MY HUSBAND'S GHOST. Commence at 7. 1) OYAL LYCRum THEATRE. Ili manazer -Yr. Edmund Falconer. EVENING, GONE TO TEXAS. Mr. Walt 1' lITS er Lacy, Airs. St. Henry. ailt 111th time) the new Ater wh'eh, at a quarter t? ; or, Savo urneen and f en or i g inal Drama, titled PL EP F.I ()'DNY Deel ish. Messrs. Walter Lacy, Hermann Vezin, Charles Selby. Edmun . Falconer ; Mrs. D. P. Bowers, Miss Clara Weston. Acting Manager—Mr. F. B. Chitterton. r*lces as usual. Doors open at half-past 6, to commence at 7. Box-ofßce open daily from 11 till 5. o VAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.- LeSAPe and Manacrer, Mr. A. Ilarria. 'lilts F.VENENCI. TIrE MERRY WIVES OF WIND ce in SOR. Sir John loalgtaff, Mr. Ryder (hi s 3d appoaran that character.) Messrs. G. Jordan, H. Widdicomb, Ste. To conclude with BLUE JACKS I'S. Env Tut ATRE-ROVAL, ADELPHI. lw Solo Proprietor and Manager. Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, THE PRETTY HORSEBREASER. 31r. J.L. Toole i Ms-Y. Bedford, and Miss woolgar. Atter which, the new drama, entitled THE OCTOROON ; Or, LIFE IN LOUISIANA ; written by the author of "The Colleen Bawn." and in which Mr. and Mrs. D. Boucican't will appear. A New Musical Introduction has been kindly pre sented by Signor Benedict, and will be performe f by the Orchestra, which has been re-org,aniaed, and will be con ducted by Mr. Riviere, by whom the incidental music has been selected and composed. The following artists will make their 6th appearance :—Mr. G. Jamison, from the Winter garden, New York ; Miss Latimer, from the provincial thea tres ; and Miss Denvil, from the Lyceum. Tito other prin tpal characters in the drama will be performed by Messrs. lery. Stephenson Billington, Paul Bedford, Romer. Mrs. iajri_l_tuton, Mrs. Marston, Ace., &c. Entirely new scenery by Dalby and Thompson. VTo conclude with DOMESTIC ECONOMY. Mr. Took; isa K. Kelly, Doora &c onen at half-past 6—Commenoe at 7. BIA-office ope n from 10 till 5, No charge for booking. i liirlC eel ,‘ 4,7,1CL_ 4 .. ,r,.... ' ' 'f ' -, X 3 1 ;3 .1 •^ 1:• : 1 , ~ , _,..,„4 „ ,,'''' , 1 4 , ' ; 4) . Zl, ..,. - --- .. .„*-1-:` 4 -- , ~.-E. , - 7 .1. -7'•31 0 ▪ - . , .. iiiii ai , ~... ~.... THE SUN• LONDON, SATURDAY, NOV. 22, 1861. We present our readers to-day with a reviem o : the position of everything—and that by at least as independent a thinker as can be found in either House of Parliament. Lord STANLEY, though'act ing with his party, has never fettered himself to them. Naturally, he dislikes party politics; and if it be impossible on some occasions, not to unite in action when he would rather keep back, or take an opposite course, yet his pleasure is in research, in quiry, and sound conclusions, and he has generally managed without offence to his friends to utter his sincere convictions. We all look, in his speeches, for modifications of opinions current with the com munity at large, or with either party, but always expect them to be formed from data which he has personally studied. Agreeing with all of us, that foreign politics have been the favourite topic both with thinkers and speakers for the last few years, more particularly since the attack of France on Austria in 1859, he followed the general example in placing these first. Looking at the emancipation of the serfs in Russia ; the late rapid advance of Spain from the abyss into which she had sunk, the Italian movement, the vast developement of the natural power of France,and the struggles of Austria, he regarded the present as no ordinary state of things, and it was quite reasonable that the feeling should be prevalent that at any time a war might break out which should involve the whole of Europe. He does not dislike the recovery by Spain of her influence in the Western world ; we do not know that we should if she did not carry with her that narrow, cruel, and detestable bigotry and superstition which have everywhere been found so permanently adverse to true liberty and the in tellectual progress of nations. The course of Austria is pronounced suicidal, yet our own failure in Ireland with a personal union, and our governing there by corruption as the only means of overpowering faction, while there were two legislative bodies—does not bode well for a parallel attempt in Hungary. Lend STANLEY seems to forget the total difference, rather contrast of the cases. Politically Hungary is as much the superior of Austria as England was of Ireland at the time referred to. Had JAMES 11. fixed his throne at Dublin ; had a vast host of Frenchmen subjugated England to him ; had he then for twelve years governed England without a Parliament, by his own Irish functionaries; had he kept down England by Irishmen, Scotchmen, and savages imported from our colonies ; had he then, in an hour of distress, proposed to give England a cut and-dried constitution, of which Dublin should be the centre—this would have been the true parallel to Austria's scheme for Hungary. The Austrian Archduchies together have not above a third of the population subject to the Hungarian Crown ; they have far less than a third of the political know ledge, rights, and spirit of the Hungarians; and, therefore, it being the statesman's bu3iness to take realities as he finds them, it seems to us most unstatesmanlike to attempt to amalgamate where long custom has made real amalgamation impossible. On the other hand, we have little doubt that had the insane young EMPEROR but done his duty to the Hungarians, in the time of his successors, if not in his own, Hungary and the other States might have united as closely as England, Scotland, and Ireland have done. What ever may be the failure, however, Lord STANLEY lays the whole at the door of Austria. He prefers great empires as the best checks to future con querors, but if Austria break up the fault will be her own. His view of the Italian position is, that the Em peror of the FRENCH sees his account in keeping both Italy and Austria dependent on him, and that that is the key to his policy. But he concedes to France, in consequence of what she has done, some right to determine the results of the victory, and to share its fruits. He reminds us that we cannot fairly expect to have the benefits of non-inter vention and of intervention also. Some thing, therefore, must be indulged to France if she wishes to carry out her old policy of keeping Italy from becoming her rival. Lord STANLEY must remember, however, that we have a right to hold the EMPEROR to his own pro fessions, which were, the liberation of Italy to the Adriatic without the acquisition of territory for himself and France. The United States must of course come in for a full share of attention i wsoprdeeechferneolwl.. The Lordship s eems to have e n e a c t h u a p l adiversityn ofg North y to th e c climate an d n a a n t d r t a n d e iti S o o n n s t , h pa w rt a iy s ed NGATOuNd l t o o o k s e fo r y r w , a t r h a a t t b w o t h h a tB hasußicEnow occuArrseildi. while he cannot blame the North for endea vouring to recover half its territory, while he hardly doubts that the North could, in time, subjugate the South, he yet thinks that two powers must be the result ; and that the North will be then a more united, and, perhaps, a not less power ful nation. He, of course, cordially agrees with the policy of absolute neutrality approved by this country. Such a non-interventionist is he, indeed, that he does not much like an expedition to Mexico. He thinks it wall not pay. It ought not, however, as we have ships there, to cost us much, but it might in the long run cast a great deal in the discourage ment of trade, if Englishmen did not feel that everywhere the protecting arm of their Govern ment could reach them. But we are favoured with a few words on home affe.irs absorbing as foreign politics have become. The Conservative Reaction, his Lordship thinks, is an unhappy phrase. He denies that there is any reaction. In England we are accustomed to accept measures once passed, and take them as settled facts. No one thinks of repealing any of the great measures carried in the teeth of Conservative oppo sition during the last thirty years. There is, there fore, no reaction. But Lord STANLEY does not recollect a time when the country was EO much dis posed to remain where it is, that is in regard to political reforms; and he attributes this to the working of a more liberal suffrage than our own in France, America, and the colonies. He does not think that our electoral representation can remain as it is, but that some years will pass away before any Government meddles with it again. He urges attention to what were always more interesting to him—administrative reform. The patent laws, the transfer of land, promotion by purchase in the army, the Admiralty, the simplification of the sta tute law—will find us plenty of work at present, though he emphatically asserts that " the question of Reform cannot die." Then the Church-rate question ; on that his views are unchanged—in the interest of the Church itself he should vote for abolition as the only possible settlement. He exposed the groundless. ness of the cry that the Church was in danger. Ecclesiastical institutions have a strange vitality, and in England he showed that the aristocracy were too strongly bound up with the Church to let her sink. They had a direct money interest in it, most of them having the gift of several livings. In Scotland-and Ireland, where the establishment was but a small minority of the people, he had by no means the same confidence in its durability. The chief danger of the Church he held to be that from within—that of the two great parties who could not refrain from bitter war with each other. Lord STANLEY concluded a long speech about every conceivable public topic by adverting to the increased wealth of the country, and his hope of reduction of taxation. Tea and sugar he would specially like to operate upon, and also to get the Income-tax down to a per-tentage which would make the injustice inseparable from it less irritat ing. It is rather singular that Mr. Bass, who was speaking at Derby on Wednesday, took the same view. He wished to repeal the war taxes on tea and sugar, and to reduce the Income-tax, too, by twopence this year. We do hope the great brewer will be as successful in removing the bitter ness from taxation as he is in giving it to his un rivalled beverage. If so, he will deserve our double thanks. On Monday last we transferred to our columns a letter—which was accidentally not acknowledged as from the Norfolk News—addressed to the Clergy, on Church-rates. It will be seen that a correspondent C. K. has criticised a part of it; but, though the address was from another journal, as we entirely agree with its arguments, we volunteer a few words in defence of " Quo WARRANTO"—to whom also our columns are open if he see fit to use them, and who is certainly quite competent to defend himself. C. K. entirely mistakes, we apprehend, the point of " Quo WARRANTO'S" dilemma, which, if he had read his letter with ordinary care, he could not have done. By Church-rates, " Quo WARRANTO" means compulsory rates—that which distinguishes rates laid by the English Church from religious contributions paid by the Jews, and by all Chris tians in England, with the exception of the Epis copalian sect. That sect in this country is now fighting tooth and nail to retain the power of coercion. So in love is it with coercion, that many Churchmen who are willing to give up taxing Dis senters are angry with the latter because they are unwilling to leave them the power of coercing their brother Churchmen. Lord EBURY is prepared to leave the rate-laying as it is, but to take away the power of rate-levying, that is by coercion. But, say all the pro-rate men, that would be as bad as Sir JOHN TRELAWNY'S Bill. In fact the rate, in the sense in which there is any struggle, means coercion, and coercion is the rate. Nor does it make the slightest difference, whether a " majority" is the in strument of coercion or not—it is still coercing money out of unwilling pockets into the exchequer of the Christian Church; and the question raised by Quo 'WARRANT° is, can a Church which needs such rates be divinely founded ? We should have thought that any man with the humblest knowledge of his New Testament, or with a particle of religion in his bosom, would have at once felt that a divinely founded Church would not need the constable, the policeman, and, in the last resort—as once at Rathcormac—the deadly bullet and bayonet in its service. We need not quote texts which we hear every Sunday, and with which all are familiar, to show that of all religions ever taught on earth that of the blessed SAVIOUR is most abhorent from force. When, therefore, C. K. asks—" What is there to prove that, because money is required to keep oar churches in repair, and to provide for their services, therefore the Son of GOD was not the founder of our re ligion ? " We reply ; Nothing. But the question as a reply to Quo WARRANT° is irrelevant. It should have been, " what is there to prove, that because money must be collected for our Church by the policeman's truncheon, the constable's distress . warrant, and the soldier's bayonet—therefore the Son of GOD was not the founder of our Church P" We apprehend that the answer is not far to seek. It is strange, indeed, that clergymen should so blind their eyes, through ecclesiastical pride or the more venial fault of bad habit, to the crime against religion, which sensible and candid laymen see so plainly: They all know that the amount is not the object with either Dissenters or Churchmen. Coercion is the point. And laymen understand, if clergymen do not, that nothing can make it appear Christian to compel payment for Christian worship. Laymen, now, do not believe " that GOD puts it into the heads of Christians to force men to pay for worship." They think that what GOD puts into men's hearts is willingness to pay the cost of their own worship and of the worship of the poor too. Is it indeed, not notorious that the Methodists, who teach ten times as many poor people religion as the Church does, pay for all without coercive rates ? The state ment before the committee of the House of Lords was, that every Methodist, rich or poor, paid his penny a week, and that so sacredly was the obliga tion felt that if any were literally too poor, their better off friends gave them the money. We are not Methodists,—but we frankly their hearts," than own that that struck us as something much more the and worship wh at " GOD th hdaidd not tt like, into the self-saving way, of forcing others Christianit y,to p ay f or did not care to pay for. We hear much of mob tyranny. We know of no more hateful form of it, than when the majority of a parish turn them selves into a mob to seize the d goo s of all who object to paying for their worship. NEW R OYALTY THEATRE, Dean-street, Oxford-street. Under the Direction of Mdllc. Albina di Rhona. THIS EVENING, to commence with a new far , e, en titled ALL IN THE DARK : Messrs. Butler, D. James, Worboys, Miss E. Wilton, &a. After which, A THUMPING LEGACY. Followed by SMACK FOR SMACK. After which, Mdlle. di Rhona will appear in CAMELIA, and Dance two National Dances. Box-office open from 11 to 5. Doors open at half-past 6—Commence at Seven. CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS, AND FINE ARTS GALLERY. MR. SAM COWELL EVERY EVENING in his New Song,. "THE HOUSE THAT JACK BUILT" (written expressly for him). Grand Selections from STRADELLA and LA TRAVIATA, By Miss Russell, Miss Ernst, Mr. Herbert, and Signor Tivoli, with a powerful Chorus. The Comic department comprises all the principal favourites of the day, viz.: Mr. Sam Cowell ; Mr. Marshall, in his new song, "John Bull, you don't bamboozle me ;" 3lessrs. Harvey and French (the Nerves); Mr. Wood and his talented son, the best negro de!ineators ; and Miss Harriet Coveney . Musical Director, Mr. Jonghmans. Admission—Hall, tid. ; Stalls and Balcony, is. THE 0 X F O R D, 6, OXFORD-STREET. EVERY EVENING. Anher's New Comic Opera, " LA. CIRCASSIENNE," and 'Verdi's new (+rand opera, " Simonßoccanem," by the entire Company. Balfe's new ballads by Miss Russell and Madame E,,derssohn (composed expressly for them). Varied Comic Entertainments by Miss Harriet Coveney, Messrs. W. Ran dal., Harvey and French (The Nerves), E. Marshall, and SAM COWELL. Hall, 61; Balcony and Stalls, is ; Private Boxes, 105. 6d. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. This DAY.—Morning, sh. 7m.—Afternoon,' sh. 28m, To-moßßow.-Morning, sh. 49m.—Afternoon, 6h. 13m THE WE AT HE It;--StiN O FFICE, NOVEMBER 23, 1861, THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 44 —Mghest since noon yesterday. 33—lowest this morning and during the night. 41—this day at noon. BAROMETER-29.48. WlND—Westerly'; light, with fine weather. THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVH NING, i OVE MB EI R 23, 186 L LATEST NEWS. TURIN, Nov. 22, EVENING. In to-day's sitting of the Chamber of Deputies a discussion took place on the bill for levying the war-tax in all the provinces of the kingdom. Several members spoke for and against the measure. Nov. 23. The Movement° of to-day publishes Garibaldi's reply to the address of the Neapolitans, in which he says :—" I regret that I am unable to come to you, but I shall be with you when it is necessary." In the same letter Garibaldi exhorts every Italian to have his sword ready. ST. PETERSBURG, NOT. 21. Prince Suworoff-Rymniksky, Governor-General of Livonia, Esthunia, and Courland, has been ap pointed Governor-General of St . Petersburg, and replaced in his former functions by General Baron de Lieven. General Rokascowsky replaces General de Berg as Governor-General of Finland. RAGUSA, Nov. 23. Forty Montenegrin barges attacked a Turkish steamer on the Lake of Scutari, but were repulsed, after.a fight of several hours, with considerable loss. PARIS, Nov. 22. The Patrie of this evening, in an article signed by M. Laponterio, and headed " On the Impossi bility of Disarmaments," declares that it is impos sible for France to disarm when, in view of the questions which await a solution, Austria, Prus sia, Russia, and England either cannot or will not resign. A disarmament effected by France alone would not consolidate the peace of Europe. On the contrary, it would everywhere awaken the hopes of the reactionists, and would compromise the laborious work of the second Empire. France would thereby lose the benefits of our latest vic tories, and would, moreover, desert the cause of justice and right in the Councils of the Powers, after having made it triumph on the field of battle, In conclusion, the article says, the only thing that is possible is an increase in the number of fur loughs. The Temps of this evening says : "It is asserted that the reforms proposed by M. Fould, which were discussed in the last Ministerial Coancils, will shortly be announced in the Moniteur, probably on Sunday next. Monseigneur Lacordaire is dead. A Council of Ministers was held to-day at Com• piegne. THORN, Nov. 22. Fifteen persons, condemned for taking part in the late political demonstrations, were yesterday conveyed from Warsaw to Orenburg. The funeral of the suffragan Bishop Decker took place to-day. Only those persons who had obtained tickets from the authorities were allowed to join in the procession. CONSTANTINOPLE, Nov. 16. At the suggestion of Sir Henry Bulwer, the Porte has addressed a Note to the foreign representatives, consenting to the union of the Danubian Princi palities during the life of Prince Couza. RAGUSA, Nov. 22. Two thousand Montenegrins have burnt the village of Kilasein, and carried away all the cattle. On the way back to their quarters they found the road blocked up by the Turks, whe attacked them. The Montenegrins lost 000 men, 'and all the cattle they had seized. AMERICA. SOUTHAMPTON, Nov. 13. The United States steamship Arago, Captain Lines, from New York on the 9th inst., has arrived. She brings 117 passengers for Havre, and 12 for Southampton, and 400 dols. in specie for France. Among the passengers are General Scott and family, Colonel Scott, Mr. Hockmelle, attache of the French Legation at Washington, and Captain de Balincourt, of the French navy. Inside Sandy Book the Arago spoke the ships Bavaria and Mercury, from Havre, and American ships Lucy Thompson and Constitution. FRANCE. BOURSE, Nov. 22.—There has been but a limited amount of business done, but what has been effected has been at a slight improvement on the closing rates of yesterday. Threes, for the Account, are now at 701. Railways qu iet. The following are the last quotations :- 4* per per Cents ... 96 —I Credit Fancier l2lO Do. end month.... 96 15, Belgian 4f 99 75 3 per Cents Do. end month 7O 05 Roman Bank Shares 2940 Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 772 50 Spanish Threes 49 25 Do. Account 7 75 —1 Rome Debt — RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans ... 1335 1337 50 Northern ... 986 25 987 50 New ditto 912 50 .. 915 Lyons and Mediterranean 1023 75 .. 1025 Geneva Southern Western Eastern Sardinian Austrian Lombard •. LOSS OF THE AORTH BRITON. LONDONDERRY, Nov. 22. The Canadian screw steamer Anglo• Saxon, from Quebec on the 9th inst., has arrived here. She re ports that the North Briton, which left Quebec on the kd, and was due at Londonderry on the 12th inst., was wrecked on the sth, on Paroquet Island, one of the Minigen. group. All her crew and pas sengers are on board the Anglo-saxon, except 17 of the former and two or three of the latter, who got adrift in two boats. However, there is reason to believe that these were afterwards picked up by a schooner which was seen by the Anglo-Saxon off Metis. The captain and the 2d, 3d, and 4th officers of the North Briton remained behind. LIVERPOOL, FRIDAY. A despatch was received in Liverpool yesterday afternoon, from Londonderry, to the effect that the North Briton, which left Quebec for this port on the morning of the 2d, was lost at 8 a.m. on the sth, at Minigan Island, on the coast of Labrador. At the time of the disaster a thick fog prevailed. Eighteen of the crew and fifteen of the passengers took to the boats, the remainder of the crew and passsengers having been landed. It is supposed that the passengers and crews of the two boats will have been picked up by some vessel passing down the Straits of Belle Isle. STORM SIGNALS AND THE WEATHER.—SHIELDS, Friday Afternoon.—Ye sterday morning, in consequence of a telegram received from Admiral Fitzroy, a cone was hoisted, point upwards, at the signal station in our harbour, indicating that a gale was probable from the southward, and shortly after it was hoi eted a strong breeze commenced to blow from the south-we st, which by noon had stiffened into a gale, and during the afternoon and evening the weather was very squally on our coast, with a good deal of rain. Yesterday morning a la rge fleet of light vessels from the south were off our north .- east ports, and, by the aid of the immense steaintug fore e at command, they were brought into harbour. Several :laden vessels also returned to port. A considerable fleet or light vessels have arrived in the Tyne, and their masters .state that they have had very rough and stormy passages clovi n. Tuesday night, specially men tioned by Mr. Saxby, :R.N., as likely to be a period Of atmospheric disturbance, was very wild and stormy in the North Sea. To-day the M - eather is beautifully fine and clear with the wind more frog i the west. CHURCH RATES. A SHORT REPLY TO 'I HE AUTHOR OF "A FEW PLAIN WORDS ON THE CHURCH RATE QUESTION." Sra,—You close your address to the clergy on the sub ject of church rates by placing before them the following argument—" The Church of England either needs church rates, or it does not. If it does need them, it is not divinely founded, nor is it heaven protected," &c. Allow me to ask—Why not ? What is there to prove that, be cause money is required to keep our churches in repair, and to provide for their services, therefore the Son of Gol was not the founder of our religion ? You bring forward the case of the Jews, and say that they, with a religion which all the nation accepted, and amongst whom, therefore, were found no Dissenters, had no compulsory exaction of any kind for religious purposes. Now (without acknowledging for a moment the analogy between the state of the Jewish Church and that of our own), a very good reason for their having no compulsory tax for the support of their religion at once suggests itself. Because they did not want it. If all accepted the religion! and none were Dissenters, or opposed to it, there was no need for any compulsory tax; and we may say this, that if all accepted our religion (i.e., the religion of the Church of England, which you separate from that of Dissenters) in the same way as all the Jews accepted theirs, we should want no compulsory tax either. But as you know very well, all do not accept it. There are very many Dissenters who would be glad to see the Church of England stripped of the revenues which the piety of our forefathers has secured to it, deprived of her powers of raising money to support her services, and brought into their own position. And what sort of a position is that ? Is it, or is it not, desirable that the poor who cannot pay for themselves should have the means of worshipping God provided for them by their richer brethren ? If it is, let the Church stand as it now does, Let us still have the power of levying a rate (granted, remember, by a majority) for the support of our Church and its services—let no poor man have it in his power to say that he would have worshipped God in his house, but could not because he had no opportunity of do ing so. If it is not, then let the Church fall—let us be in the same position as the Dissenters, who neither can nor do supply the religious wants of the very poor. Remember, if the Church lost the power of raising rates for its own support, the Dissenters would be no richer. And as it is, how many p.ilolies aro there where they have no chapel or place of worship of any kind, how many where they once had them but have been obliged to close them because they could not support them. In such places the Church still stands that all may hear of God, and serve him if they will. Take that away (or, which is the same thing, take away the only sure means of securing its being open for worship), and as far as the poor are concerned our country might as well lie in heathen darkness. 1 say " the only sure means," because in by far the greater number of places where the voluntary system has been tried, that sys tem sooner or later has entirely broken down—witness the number of places before alluded to, where Dissenting chapels once opened have been closed again for want of support. You say, "if the Church of England needs church rates, it is not divinely founded." We believe that the same God who founded our Church, put it into tho hearts of men who loved and served Him, to devise some certain means for supporting it. And farther, it is because we believe our Church to be Heaven-protected that we trust the day is far distant when church rates shall be utterly and unconditionally abolished. We believe that the same God who first instituted our Church will, in accordance with His promise, "be with it" and protect it " to the end ;" that, in answer to our prayers, He will be pleased to direct and prosper all the consultations of our rulers to the advancement of His glory and the good of His church—that all things may be so ordered and settled by their endeavours, that not only peace and happiness, truth and justice, but also religion and piety may be established among us for all generations. I am, Sir, yours faithfully, C. K. Nov. 20, 1861. At. FOULD'S FINANCIAL PLANS. A letter from Paris dated Nov. 22, says,—The imagination of the public is still in full fling on M. Fould's financial plans, Every one has his own version. The great Doctor Veron first said some thing about a tax on lucifer matches, and,l believe, pianos ; and this, although he has set people laugh ing, which perhaps was all he wanted, may not be so unfounded after all. I cannot make even a guess as to what the lucifers would produce, but an alarmed courtier said yesterday that it would hardly pay the expense of the present festivities at Compiegne, still less the demolitions and repairs going on in the Palace of the Tuileries, which will I cost, it is said, about 50 millions of francs. This, however, is too absurdly extravagant to be correct. A tax on cigars is again spoken of, which may end in smoke, as well as on carriages, horses (chevaux de luxe), and male servants. Dogs are already " im posed" as much as they can well bear. Another plan, attributed to M. Fould, is the conversion of the Four-and-a-Half into Three per Cents., and to do this the Four-and-a-Halfs will be driven up to par, and the Threes to 75. The Threes were, I be lieve, over 75 before the declaration of war with Austria. I am sorry to find the belief gaining ground that there will be no disarmament by land or sea ; and that all that will be done is to allow some 50,000 or 60,000 men to go home on leave. The uncertainty of public affairs in Europe, and the necessity of France being prepared for all emer gencies, are of course the causes alleged. It is some consolation, however, that MM. Fould, Persigny, and Rouher are said to be now the best friends in the world ; that, in fact, they-are, as a member of the Legislative Corps says," comme trois tetes dans is meme bonnet." The following is an extract from a letter, of yes• terday's date, from an English gentleman residen . for the last few years at Tours : " The Minister of the Interior has been pleased to com pare the Charitable Society of St. Vincent de Paul with the Society of Freemasons, which is known by the whole world to be a secret society, while ho must know in his heart that that of St. Vincent de Paul is open to all, and that its mem bers devote themselves to works of charity, without distinc tion of party, sect, or creed. They visit the garret and the cellar twice a-week to administer to the wants of the desti tute by tickets on the baker, butcher, and wood merchant, according to the number of the family. They do not give money, lest it may not be judiciously laid out. In the City of Tours alone more than 500 families are kept alive in this way. I have myself been an honorary member of the society for some years, and I can vouch that not one farthing of the funds has been applied to any other pur pose ; and as for politics, whatever may be the private opinions of its members, they are strictly prohibited. The funds come from private subscriptions, from charity ser mons, and from the proceeds of a bazaar held annually, and to which the Emperor has contributes with regularity, sending:either handsome timepieces or a silver cup or chalice, and generally a service of plate, &c., the cases of each bear ing the Imperial arms. " This charitable society has been dissolved within a few days ; Count Gallambert, its president, could not conform to the arbitrary demand of the Minister. The consequence is that 500 destitute families are left to perish. The society here was composed of men of all shades of :opinion, many of them holding situations under Government. There is not the slightest doubt that M. Persigny has greatly damaged the Government throughout France by his perse cution of this noble association." If ever the correspondence of Napoleon 111. be published, as that of Napoleon I. now is, we may find curious disclosures of the way annexations are represented as emanating from the popular will. The island of Elba was, as every one knows, lost to Naples by the treaty of Lunoville, in 1801. Napo leon annexed it to the Kingdom of Etruria, to the Principality of Piombino, and finaly to France. In the Bth volume of Napoleon's correspondence, just published, I find the following " note to the Minis ter of War," dated Paris, 11 Fructidor An X (29th of August, 1802), which reminds one of the audience which the Savoyard Deputies had 'of Napoleon 111. when they proposed to him to take possession of their territory. It is as follows : " The Deputies (from the island of Elba) will be pre sented to the Minister of War, who is to give them their dinner, and present them to all the Ministers through one of his officers. They are then to be presented to the Gene rals of the Gnard, the Governor of the Palace, the Prefects of the Palace, and the inspectors of the different arms. They will be presented to me on the 15th. The Minister of War will give them 3,000 f. (£120) a piece. He will in form them that on their presentation on the 15th they may make a little speech, in which they are to speak of the plea sure which the inhabitants of the island of Elba feel on being united to France, and on form:ng part of this great nation. " BONAPARTE." The following has some resemblance to the pre sent state of affairs in Paris : " To Citizen Chaptal, Minister of the Interior. " St. Cloud, 19 Fructidor, An XI (Sept. 6, 1803). " The winter will be very severe, Citizen Minister, and food very dear. Works must be carried on in Paris. " 1. The works of the Canal of the Ourcq must be con • tinned. " 2. Works must be carried on on the Quays Desaix and d' Orsay. "3. All the houses to be demolished must be thrown down. Prepare a statement of them. " 4. Work away at the bridge of the Jardin des Plantes. " 5. The new streets must be paved: "6, Furnish other wor ks to the people. The works of Pontiny do not get on. The works ordered during my I journey are not begun. " I beg of you to transmit to me in your report of Friday, the 29th of Fructidor, a statement of all that has been done this year, and a demand for funds for the public works of the year XII. " BONAPARTE." That the invasion of Spain was contemplated years before it took place will be seen from the following : " To Citizen Tallyrand, Minister of Foreign Relations. " Malmaison, 25 Fructidor, An XI. (Sept. 12, 1803). "I send you Citizen Minister, the Madrid mail of the 13th. lam surprised that we have no other news. Make out a statement of the whole of our complaints against Spain, that we may have these materials ready in order to make use of them according to circumstances. " BONAPARTE," LITBRATURE. He Life of J. M. IV. Turner, R.A. By Walter I Thornhury. 2 vols. Hurst and Blackett. The life of a great man, by a writer of undeniable ability, can scarcely fail to attract attention. The controversy respecting Turner's rank as a painter has been sharp in the artistic world. Some, like our eminent art critic, ranking him by the side of the few great creative minds that humanity has pro duced throughout long ages ; others condemning his style, censuring his mysticism, and unable to appreciate his genius. But little doubt now remains in any unprejudiced mind that Turner's name and fame will live in the very highest rank ofart,when the mistakes of prejudice are forgotten, and the malig nity of envious mediocrity is remembered only with contempt. Like many another great man, Turner was soured by net meeting, in the earlier part of his career, that acknowledgment of his powers which he felt was his due. He lived to see a marvellous change, to decline £2,500 for a painting for which he had been refused £lOO ; to be offered, it is said, by a wealthy merchant, £lOO,OOO for his stock of paintings, drawings, and engravings, and to return the quiet answer that he had refused a similar pro posal before. A painting that one of his patrons paid £lOO forfeit rather than take, was afterwards valued at £l,OOO. An early Venetian picture, sold to Chantrey fur £250, was, after his death, resold, much damaged, for £1,500. But the change came too late to soften the soured temper, or lighten the melancholy of an embittered and unhappy man. If the splendid success which attended his later career, and the reputation he has left behind him may serve as wholesome stimulants to desponding genius, the record of his life may teach another lesson—the emptiness of fame and the hollowness of riches to fill the void of human affection or to supply the absence of a supporting faith. The life of this great artist, with its successes and failures, its aspirations and disappointments remained to be written. Brief and fragmentary memoirs, sometimes inaccurate, sometimes malignant, were all that we possessed of England's landscape painter. Mr. Thornhury, well fitted for the task, both by literary talent and artistic taste, has stepped forward, and we have the result in these able volumes, to which the artist and the connoisseur will long turn with interest to trace the steps by which the barber's son mounted the steps to fortune. When Mr. Thornbury first contemplated writing the life of Turner, he resolved, he tells us, to ascertain, in the first place, whether Mr. Ruskin had himself a similar purpose. Mr. Ruskin disclaimed any such intention, but volun teered what help he could give. The following quaint note expresses the art critic's opinion of his idol : RUSKIN ON TURNER. My dear Sir,—Fix at the beginning the following main characteristic of Turner in your mind as the key to the secret of all he said and did : Uprightness, Generosity, enderness of heart, Extreme Sensuality, Obstinacy, Extreme Irritability, and be sure that he knew his own power, and felt himself utterly alone in the world, from its not being understood. Don't try to mask the dark side. J. RUSKIN. Encouraged by the certainty that the field was clear Mr. Thornbury set to work, " letting no day pass without some search for materials, some noting of traditions, and some visit to Turner's old friends, until he had compiled the immense mass of material upon which his work is founded. The industry wLth which he has collected and arranged so much is worthy of high praise, and the skill with which fidelity to truth is combined with generous ap preciation of the man, no less than the artist, is equally so. It would not be fair to expect such an undertaking to be fault less ' • but there are some trivial errors which would have been avoided by a more careful revision. We have several small repetitions, and once we meet with extraordinary inooneietenoy. In one place the author says, after enumerating some of Turner's deficiencies, " I do firmly believe that though often utterly defective in a sense of form, Turner was, taking altogether his quantity, imagina tion, variety, quality, and originality, the greatest landscape painter, not only England but the world ever has, and perhaps ever will, produce." The italics are Mr. Thornbury's own, who would seem to take his stand by this opinion. But in his final summing up of Turner's character, he says, "I would not encourage rising genius to copy Turner, but to go and study nature with Turner's truth, industry, and love. Nor am I at all per suaded, by all Mr. Ruskin's eloquence, that Eng land has yet seen the greatest of her landscape painters." How comes Mr. Thornbury to pass over such a self-contradiction as this ? We are sorry, too, to observe occasionally an absence of that magnanimity towards rivals which he is the first to applaud in a kindred act. We remember having noticed in a former work something approaching to spitefulness in the way in which he spoke of living authors who had displeased him, and in the present preface we find him mentioning a painstaking writer of the day with un called for acerbity. Mr. Thornbury should be above such betrayals of temper, and can afford to be generous to his rivals. The work before us will probably be one of his greatest successes, and has evidently been the result of much time, thought, and labour. In fact his sense of the greatness of his task has been, in some degree, a drawback to him, for, at the outset, his style is inflated and extravagant. As the work proceeds it tones down, and passages of real eloquence and pathos supersede strainings after effect, which remind us of Gilfillan's " Conflagration of Genius." Before the next edition, which will probably be soon forthcoming, we should advise Mr. Thorn bury to read over carefully the earlier pages, and reduce them to plainer Eric , - lish. There is no occasion for him to mount on stilts, as his style is always clear and forcible when he allows it to be natural and easy. The arrangement of the earlier chapters, too, is not without fault. He goes back to describe the state of the country at Turner's birth after he has given us the narrative of his childhood. This defect might be very easily remedied by a little transposition. But, notwithstanding any slight errors of this kind, the work is a success, which biographies of great men are not always. Mr. Thornbury has kept himself in the back-ground, and centred the interest upon his principal figure. He has shown us how the sordid temper of his father and the insanity of his mother had evil influence on Turner's life; how the sense of being misunderstood and unfairly depreciated both as man and artist, embittered the naturally hard and somewhat narrow nature ; how quickly scandal propagated tales to his disadvantage, and how injustice was done him in many respects by reports of his want of kindness and charity. He cannot, however, deny that Turner was often rough, uncouth, anduncivil—always close, reserved, and unsocial. His heart was not warm enough to remain unsoured by his early disappointment, his nature not sufficiently expansive to receive un scathed the miserly instructions of his parent ; above all, his mind was not sufficiently elevated " to look through Nature up to Nature's God"—to reconcile the inconsistencies of life by the one great solution —to trace in the mazes of his chequered career the hand of a guiding Father. We can give credit to Mr. Thornbury's assertion that, apart fr . d m his artistic faculty, Turner's was not a great min , an cthirecuwmasnttanoefesbeintteerreaesaerdly training sn ain atu in ra g i d a e n f d haectusn. Stillppy that much that was really great outlived all evil influences the following anecdotes of Turner's generosity will T p U r it o N v E e : lt'S KINDNESS. "When Bird, the son of a Wolverhampton clothier, about 1811, first sent a picture to the Royal Academy —it might have been ' Good News,' or ' Choristers Rehears o r some other of those early anticipations of Wilkie and Webster —Turner was one of the ' Hanging Commit tee,' as it was opprobriously called. Every one said the picture of the . new man had grea t mer it , b ut them was no place fit for it left unoccupied. Hero was a desirable guest, but the inn was full. The R. A's joke and talk. Tho days of chivalry are past. Turner growls, and is disturbed he says, that come w h a t may, t h e young man ' s picture must have a place. All the others cry impossible,' and go on talking about other things. All this time he is exa mining the picture, right, left, surface, clear-obscure, touch, colour, char ac t er , carefully; he sees' it is good, he cries out again and hushes the buzz of voices—' We must find a good place for this young man's picture.' Impos sible—impossible,' says the gold spectacles again, and more oracularly this time th an before. Turner said no more, but quietly removed one of his pic 4 urPs and hung up Bird's. TURNER AND LAWRENCE. rence's." " When Turner's picture of :COlOgne : Was exhibited, in the year 1826, it was hung between two portraits by Sir Thomas Lawrence, of Lady Wailscourt and Lady Robert Manners. T h o sky of Turner's picture was exceedingly bright, and it had a most injurious effect on the colour of the two portraits. Lawrence naturally felt mortified, and complained openly at the position, of his pictures, Artists were at that time permitted to retouch their pictures on the walls of the Academy. On the morning of the opening of the Exhibition, at the private view, a friend of Turner's who had seen the 'Cologne' in all its splendour, led a group of expectant critics up to the picture. Ho started back from it in consternation. The golden sky had changed to a dun colour. He ran up to Turner, who was in another part of the room—' Turner, Turner, what hove you been doing to your picture ?" Oh l' muttered Turner, in a low voice, poor Lawrence was so unhappy I It's only lamp black. It'll all wash off after the Exhibition 1' He had actually passed a wash of lampblack in water-colour over the sky, and utterly spoiled his picture for the time, and so left it through the Exhibition, lest it should hurt Law- The injustice done to the great artist by many of his contemporaries is spoken of with generous in dignation in the following eloquent passage : TURNER MISUNDERSTOOD. No man had ever more to turn his heart to iron or to earth than Turner. In early lifa by a crue ldeception robbed of her he was about to make his wife ; in middle life he was without patronage, toiling for and wrangling with engravers, when he knew, as certainly as if an angel had told it him, that he had outshone Cuyp, distanced Vandervelde, beaten Ruysdale, rivalled Canaletti, and transcended even Claude ; that he had founded Englishlandscape, that he had carried art farther than it had gone before. Then came old age to him, and found him rich, but without hope. with no faith, no solace but his art. He had no wife, no children to un bend his heart to, to mourn with silently, to turn his thoughts from their worn channels, to wear him from self, or to carry his thoughts on to a better future—he felt no youth in the youth of his sons—he had no one to lead him away with soothing kisses and comfortings from carking recollections And did all this turn his heart from flesh to stone ? No ; his me great unchanging thought was how he could best concentrate all the hard earnings of a painful life to charity. He had met with little love in the world, yet he loved his kind deeply and silently. He might be proud to think that the poor barber's son should be en tombed among the true kings of men in St. Paul's. He might be proud to feel that a national collection of pictures bearing his name would delight the English people for generations to come. His sedate and sarcastic love of mystification was mistaken for wilful deception—his self denying and sparing habits for proofs of greedy avarice. Every story raked up from the penny lives of Elwes or Guy (his real prototype) was believed, because Turner was not present to contradict them • but the moment he died, and it was found that he had left by will an enormous fortune for the benefit of his poor c enrades in art, the great edifice of his fell to dust, like the house built on sand. Here was the cold, sullen, misanthropic miser, who had spent his miserable lonely years higgling like a Jew pedlar about the odd penny that was to be paid for his pictures, dying and leaving the whole earnings of his life to found a charity that would last while England lasted. How many hours those black tongues had spent, and all in vain I Turner's main undeviating thought was to benefit art, and to found almshouses near where he had once lived for the poor foot-sore soldiers in the great army of art. No paltry vanity hung round the neck of this great-hearted, yet, I fear, unhappy man. For this he had loved like the half-starved steward of a miser's property. For this he had let his house grow into a den, and had worked like a miser amid a sordid gloom. For poor, broken-down, old men of no talents, the world'e failures he had ground down insolent publishers. For weeping widows and orphans he had wrangled about additional shillings for picture frames and cab hire to pay for poor artist's funerals he had toiled and travelled; to chase the wolf from other men's doors, he had consented to men calling him' Miser, Jew, and Dog." How melancholy it is to reflect that this artist's noble intention was frustrated by the disputing of the will, and the great charity which would have been a worthier memorial of him than the Turner medal, or the Turner Gallery. A noble instance of his magnanimity was shown with regard to the "Rise of Carthage," left unaccomplished. TURNER S CARTHAGE. A merchant, having one day purchased and paid £lO,OOO for pictures to Turner, said suddenly, just as he was leaving,—" Now, Mr. Turner, there are three more pic tures in your gallery; I'll give you £5,000 for the three, if you will allow me to pick." " Well," said Turner, " tell me which they are." The merchant began with the " Rise of Carthage. Turner stopped him. " N o," he said, "it's a noble offer, but I have willed it." The purchaser then pressed him to let him have two for £5,000. 'turner seemed moved at his liberality, but merely repeated,—" 1 have willed it." The picture was originally painted for £lOO for a gentleman, who declined to take it when the critics and the press began to attack it. " This is a great triumph," Turner repeated. Turner's pride had been deeply wounded by this rejection. The noble revenge he took was to refuse £2,500 for it, and leave it to the nation. The reserve of his nature was remarkable, and any efforts to penetrate his studio were generally churlishly repelled, though apparently without any motive but a wish for solitude and abstraction. TURNER'S SECRECY. Turner was tenacious in not disclosing any of his secrets as to how he obtained breadth and depth in his water colour painting. He generally painted with his door locked, if he was at a stranger's house ' • and if any one approached him, or idlers tried to overlook him, he covered his drawing. He had no special secrets to hide ; for Turner's colours were of little use to men who had not Turner's brain. But he Hid been accustomed, as a boy, to paint up in his bed-room, and he could not change his solitary habits. He did not like imitators, and be did not wish absurd stories spread of his mechanical artifices. Moreover, this habit of secrecy grati fied his love of mystery, and his natural fondness of con cealment. Yet once at Edinburgh he communicated all he knew to a struggling artist, at a time when the secret of his modes of sponging and his bistre washings was worth £lOO to any one. _ _ _ The somewhat morbid love of seclusion and mystery which distinguished Turner, were perhaps due, with other mental and moral defects, to the unhappy hereditary influence which had marred the domestic happiness of his youth. Truly, if shadows chequered the sunlight, we should not be harsh censors, remembering the drawbacks that weighed down the balance. His industry was indefatigable, as is evidenced by the seventeen boxes in the lower room of the National Gallery, in which Mr. Ruskin found more than 19,000 pieces of paper drawn upon by Turner in various ways. Of his characteristics, as a painter, Mr. Thornbury speaks as follows : ON TURNER'S MERITS AND DEMERITS IN STYLE. I think after all that Turner was a better water-colour than oil-painter. He never acquired the built up solidity of Titian's handling, or the vigour and dash of Velasquez. To the last he was rather a " niggler" in oil, often brown and heavy, oftener still, flimsy and fantastic, in execution, confounding the shadow and the substance, heightening the colour, and exaggerating the reflections and subtleties of nature. I am sure that, with the exception of the "'Polyphemus," and the " Temeraire," his water-colour drawings were more unapproachable than his oil—more aerial, more tender, more magical. I am not sure if the " Liber Studiorum," for variety, grasp, versatility, and handling, is not, both in the etchings and the unfinished states, more wonderful than anything else he did. Of his latter works lam no defender. They are dreams, chal lenges, theories, experiments, and absurdities. The figures are generally contemptible. The colour, that of fireworks, rising sometimes almost to insanity, and occa sionally sinking into imbecility. The eye is dim, the sense of form was lost, the outlines are gone, the sen timent only remains. They are certainly what no one else could do, but then no one else wishes to do them. If I was, in a few words as pos sible, to try and describe the special characteristics of Tur ner's genius, I should not select the versatility that led him from poor English hedges and ditches to Jason on the war trail, and Ulysses triumphing at the sunrise, nor to the industry that produced twenty thousand sketches, but the wide sympathies that made him take as great an interest in a plain Scottish peat-bog as in the most gorgeous visions of modern Italy, or the wildest depths of the Alps, the serial F erspeotive in which he revels in the " Modern Italy," the " Bay of Baire I" and the' Crossing of the Brook," and the extraordinary " multitude" and quantity which we see in his " Grenoble," in the " Liber," &c. Turner was the first to venture to place twenty miles of landscape within the four walls of a frame ; he was the first to attempt all natural phenomena, first to give us storm and sunshine ; in fact, to widen on all sides the hitherto narrow dominions of landscape painting." Turner's life deserves to be recorded as a life no less than as the career of a great artist. As we have said before it teaches its lessons, in the boy twice brought home in disgrace as a dunce in his geome trical studies becoming Professor of Perspective, in the " Liber," rejected by all the printsellers, rising in value from £l7 to £3,000, the painter ranked by many by the side Angelo and Raphael, living an unhappy life, and dying a solitary death; the brow crowned with the world's brightest laurels fur rowed with the wrinkles of avarice, the heart so in tensely susceptible of the least charm of nature insen sible to the mercies of his God. The shadows fall thickly over the picture here and there, but it is not for us to judge. We know some of the malignant influ• ences, perhaps we do not know all even yet. A life of seventy-six years devoted to the service of his art claims public gratitude and veneration. Future ge nerations as they gaze on his exquisite landscapes may feel their hearts softened, th e i r sou l s e l evate d as the artist himself seldom felt. They may owe to him a clearer perception of the loveliness of the fields and groves , a higher appreciation of the . changing glories of the sky, a quicker insight into the myriad beauties around us than they would otherwise have possessed. He is one among the world's great teachers, and the sunshine which be loved so well while living, and on which his dying gaze still rested, is typical of the enduring splen dour of the artist's fame. A Cabinet Council was held yesterday at the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury in Downing- street. The Ministers present were Viscount Palmerston, the Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, Sir G. Grey, Earl Russell, the Duke of Newcastle, Sir George C. Lewis, Sir C. Wood, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Duke of Somerset, the Right Hon. T. M. Gibson, Lord Stanley of Alderley, and the Right lion. C. P. Villiers. MADAME MARIO'S PROPOSED LECTURES ON ITALY.--We are informed by the secretary of the Garibaldi Italian Unity Committee that Madame Mario (late Jessie Meriton White) is on her way front Italy for the express purpose of lecturing in England and Scotland on Italian affairs. Madame Mario will bring with her letters of re commendation from Garibaldi, and will most probably commence her lecturing tour in Glasgow about the first of next month. GOVERNMENT EMIGRATION. Her Majesty's Emigration Commissioners chartered two vessels on Thurs day, the 21st inst., viz , the John Vanner, of 726 tons, be longing to Mossr. John Lidgett and Sons, of London, to sail from Southampton about the 31st of December for Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope, at £9 14s 6d per statute adult; and the Nepisiquet, of 340 tons, belonging to Mr. John Hall, of London, to sail from the Thames about the 15th of January, for Natal, at £13178 Gd per statute adult.