The Sun. — London, England, 1861-11-26 00:00:00

2HE NAVY. Her Majesty's screw steam gunvessel Speedwell, built at Deptford, having undergone the manufac turer's trial of her machinery satisfactorily, pro ceeded on Saturday to the Lower Hope from Wool wich Dockyard, in command of Master-Commander J. M. Hall, on an Admiralty test, under the super vision of Mr. Patridge. This second trial gave equal satisfaction, the engines performing 101 knots at full speed and eight at half power. The vessel is ordered to be taken into the second-class reserve. The masts, yards, gear, &c., for the screw steam frigate Severn, 51,400-horse power, fitting at Sheer mess for the first division of the steam reserve in .the Medway, were yesterday placed on board the Admiralty transport Dove, at Chatham dockyard, for conveyance to Sheerness. The Severn is to be fitted with the utmost possible despatch, and to be furnished with oneloo-pounder and two 40-pounder Armstrong guns, in addition to her proper conxple xaent of broadside 95cwt. and 60cwt. cast-iron guns. The following appointments were ntade yester ay at the Admiralty :—Lieuts. R, H. D. King and W. Thresher, to the Satellite ; Chas. C. Scott, master, to the Satellite; Sub-Lieut. Wm. M. Moger to the Satellite ; Robert H. Hewer, second master, to the Swallow; Alex. Gray, second master, to the Spider ; John P. Partridge, master's assist., to the Sheldrake ; Albert J. W. Neville and Chas. H. S. Douglas, master;•assists., to the Satellite; W. P. O'Brien, paymaster, to the Edgar; Chas. W. Tuke, paymaster, to the Satellite ; Thos. R. Dinnis, pay master additional, to the E3inburgh ; Marcus 0. N. Markham, assist. paymaster, to the Royal Adelaide; Jas. R. Richards, assist.-paymaster, to the Ajax; Francis H. J. O'Neill, assist. paymaster, to the Sa tellite ; Henry Ellis, clerk, to the Satellite; E. B. D'lffanger and F. A. Smith, assist.-clerks, addi tional, to the Forte. THE ARMY. Under new arrangements recently sanctioned by the Secretary of State of War, with the concurrence of the Duke of Cambridge, various non-commis sioned officers of the Royal Engineers, from the companies at head quarters, Chatham, have been selected as foreman of the works on the public under takings now in progress at various stations. Yester day an order was received from the War-office for a non-commissioned officer to be selected to be fore man of works at Portsmouth, and a non-commis sioned officer of the Royal Engineers has been ordered to proceed from Aldershot camp to Bromp ton barracks to take charge of the lithographic and printing departments at the Royal Engineer esta blishment, under the direction of Capt. Schaw, C.E. Rebruiting for the Royal Marines is still proceed ing very briskly, numbers of young men arriving almost daily at head quarters, Chatham, from the Hull, London, Liverpool and Bristol districts. At a late hour last night detachments of time- expired men and invalid troops from the regiments serving in Australia and New Zealand arrived at . Chatham garrison from Gravesend, where they dis embarked from the passenger ship Roxburgh Castle. The troops, who numbered 33 men of all ranks, with one naval invalid, belonged to the 12th, 40th, 57th, and 65th Regiments. The whole were under the command of Lieut. J. V, H. Rees, 40th Regi ment, and in medical charge of Mr. Young, civil surgeon. The Roxburgh Castle sailed from Mel bourne on the 28th of August last, and experienced generally fair weather. One passenger and one child died on board during the voyage. After the troops had been medically inspected at Fort Pitt, three lunatics were sent to the insane hospital, and two invalids admitted for medical treatment. The re mainder of the troops proceed to the invalid depot. The Queen has been graciously pleased to pre sent her portrait to the head quarters of the Royal Artillery at Woolwich. The picture was yesterday morning hung up in the mess room. In commemoration of the event a banquet on an ap propriate scale will be given this evening by the officers, at which his Royal Highness the General Commanding-in-Chief, as colonel of the regiment, will be present. The picture, which represents her Atiksty in Coronation Robes, is afterthe celebrated painting of Winterhalter, and has been executed by Mr. Melville with admirable taste and judgment. In order to adapt the features of the portrait to the present day her Majesty honoured the artist with three sittings. Mr. Melville's picture differs from the original in that adaptation only. The whole of the troops in garrison at Woolwich are under orders to parade (with the exception of the• Military Train and the Royal Engineers) on the lower part of Woolwich common at 10 this morning, for the purpose of marching into the country. The Military Train will furnish two ambulances to proceed with the troops. THE MURDER AT ALDERSHOT. INQUEST O.Y THE BODY. ALDERSHOT, MONDAY NIGHT. The inquest upon the body of Sergeant John Dixon, of the 78th Highlanders (Ross shire Buffs), was held this afternoon, at Tilbury's Royal Hotel, by Mr. Thomas Pain, deputy coroner for the divi sion of the county. The jury having viewed the body, which lay in the dead-house at the foot of Hospital-hill, on their return the following evidence was taken : Duncan Anderson—l am a private in the 78th Highlanders stationed at Aldershot. I knefv the deceased John Dixon, who was a sergeant in the company I belong to. I know Thomas Jackson, who is a private in the re g iment. That is th e man (pointing to the prisoner). On the night of the 23d inst., about five minutes past eight, I was in the room No. 11 of the Permanent Barracks. There were several others of the regiment there, and amongst them was Jackson. This was at the time cf roll call, which Corporal Campbell was calling, and Sergeant John Dixon was checking it. Pri vate Greenhill was holding the light. The prisoner Jackson was standing between two cots after he had answered. I saw Jackson go round and take his rifle from the rack at the head of his own cot. He put it up to his side once or twice to the attitude of ready, and then fired it. He then turned round and put the rifle back into the rack again. I saw Sergeant Dixon, who was standing in front of him, about two yards off, turn round, and he said, " Who did that ?" That was immediately on the rifle being fired. Jackson replied, " It was me, old boy!" The sergeant muttered something which I could not hear, and then he fell over. He died soon after. Corporal Campbell was shot in the right shoulder with the same shot, but not killed. The prisoner was at once seized by some other soldiers, but I did not hear him make use of any observation. He was removed in custody. I have heard Jackson say several times, when speaking of Dixon, that he " would be hung for that man yet." I never heard him say why. The last time I heard him say anything of the sort was about a fortnight since. I know nothing about his rifle being loaded that day ; he had not been at ball practice, and would therefore have no occasion to use his rifle or have ammunition. I examined his pouch after he went away, but there was no ball cartridge in it. The prisoner, as a recruit, would not be in possession of ball cartridge. The rifle Jackson fired with was his rifle. (Rifle produced.) That is the prisoner's rifle, and in the sa me room with him. I took up the rifle and handed it to the sergeant-major. I examined the pouch oi the soldier who slept in the next cot, and round miss founde packetwas s artridges loose, and one n of his g. That after the prisoner had been removed. I gav e the loose packe tto Sergeant Profett. prisone r ap He enlisted in 1858 , and hasopnelayrersc d e to be sober. By the Jury—The entl come out of prison, where he had been confi o d for break ing his rifle. The prisoner declined to ask any questions. Another witness gave similar evidence. Andrew Cormack—l am a private in the 78th. I was with the prisoner at the canteen on Saturday evening, but not in his company. The prison er was drinking, but appeared sobe r enough. I heard him say to Walter Greenhill, who was in company with him, "I will do for the —." There were others present at the same time. There had been a quarrel, and it was after that the remark was made. He did not use any name that I heard, nor do I know who he was talking about. In the even• ing I was sent to the guardroom to search the prisoner ; the sergeant-major was there. 'We wer e "It obliged to use force to search him. He said, i s a pity I did not get more of you shot." This was to the sergeant-major. There was a snap cap and an ammunition cap and a watch key in his pocket when I searched him. (The prisoner did not ask any questions. By the Jury—l was as much in his company as any one, and in the month of April I was one of an escort taking him to prison, and he said, "I will 73.0701' §9lclicr i I will do something to get hung Cr transported, or sent out of the regiment." He said also that if Sergeant Dixon had come into the room the night he broke his rifle he would have 1 nocked him down as he came in at the door. Sergeant-major John Pocock—About seven mi nutes after 8 on Saturday evening I we It to No. 11 room permanent barracks, the death of Sergeant Dixon having been reported to me. I found him lying on his back quite dead. I was told that Jack son had shot him, and been sent to the guard room. I asked for his rifle, and it was handed to me. One was handed to me which was afterwards identified by the colour-sergeant. I found it had been recently discharged, and had an exploded cap on it. I exa mined the pouch, and found there was not any am munition there. Some was missing from private Munroe's pouch. I looked to see where the ball had gone to, which I found had gone through the front part of the sergeant's bunk, and had struck the wall, and then fallen to the ground. I gave the bullet to Mr. Superintendent Howard, as also the rifle and the pouch. This bullet, which is now pro duced, is one of our regulation bullets. I took an escort from No. 4 company and searched the pri soner. I found a cap, snap cap, part of a chain, and a watch key. While there the prisoner said, "I am very sorry, I have been a fool to myself as I did not shoot more of you." He did not say any more, but when we got to the station house he said to Ser geant Profett, "It will be your turn next, and it will be done by the 15th of December, or before Christmas, as I have left some one to do it." After some corroborative evidence, and medical evidence as to the nature of the wound, The Coroner addressed the prisoner in the usual words of caution, and he (the prisoner) replied," No, I don't want to say anything; I've got nothing to say." The Coroner then summed up. The jury, after a - very few moments' consultation, returned the following verdict :—We find that Ser geant John Dixon came by his death by the hands of Thomas Jackson, and we deliver a verdict of wil ful murder against the said Thomas Jackson, and we wish to make the following addition to our ver dict : We cannot separate without expressing our deep conviction that speedy and effectual steps should be taken by the military authorities and the Government to prevent the repetition of thesefright ful and diabolical crimes, which have been of late so frequent, and which tend to degrade the ranks and produce terror in the minds of the officers and spread horror through all classes of the community. We do not wish to suggest any steps, but we con ceive that the removal of the ready means would be the effectual remedy, or that such an example be made that wonld, by its prompt execution on the spot in one case, act as a terrible warning to others. - The Coroner then made out his warrant for the committal of the prisoner to Winchester Gaol on the charge of wilful murder, and the prisoner was removed. The inquiry then terminated. In the course of the evening the prisoner was re moved by Superintendent Howard to Winchester Gaol; and the wretched man treated the proceedings throughout with a degree of callousness and levity that disgusted those who witnessed his demeanour. FRIGBTFUL CATASTROPHE IN EDINBU.RGH. LOSS OF TWENTY-TWO LIVES. One of the most calamitous and heartrending occurrences which it has ever been our duty to re cord took plaee a few minutes after 1 o'clock on Sunday morning, in the sudden fall of a densely populated land, or tenement of dwelling houses in the lower division of the High street, Edinburgh, which resulted—so far as has yet been ascer tained, in the death of twenty-two persons, and the' injury, more or less severe, of 13 others. The tene ment was situated on the north side of the street, between Bailie Fyfe's close on the west and Paisley's close on the east, and was joined at the back (on the east side) by the gable end of another land, which extended down Paisley's close. The ground floor, fronting the High-street, was occupied by the shops of Mr. Cairns, grocer, No. 99, and Messrs. Brown and Co., victual dealers, No. 103, while Mr. Moir, ironmonger, and Mr. M'Luskie, shoe mer chant, occupied the first floor. The remainder of the tenement, which consisted of six stories at the front and seven at the back, including attics, was occupied as dwelling-houses by working men and their families, many of them weekly tenants of the poorest class. Altogether it is believed tbat the building contained about 25 householders, many of whom kept lodgers, and that the total number of inmates was not less than 80 or 90. The great majority of these persons, including nearly all the older people and the children, had retired to rest ; but a number of the young men and women had not been housed for the night at the hour when the disaster occurred, and so escaped. So far as has been ascertained the circumstances immediately attending the calamity were as follow : —Sergeant Rennie, of the night police, was passing down the High-street, and had got in front of Cairns ' shop a few minutes after 1 o'clock, when he heard a scuffle and a cry of " Murder" from a house in Skinner's-close opposite ; he immediately ran across the street to see what it was, and was followed by a number of persons who were standing about the close heads, so that the north aide of the street was left for the moment wholly deserted. The scuffle turned out to be caused by a quarrel between a man and his wife. The disturbance was quieted in a minute or two, and Rennie was returning up the close, along with another policeman, when they heard a loud noise, and beheld the whole land of houses, before which one of them had been only three minutes before, fall with a tremendous crash, and in another instant it was apparently swallowed up amid clouds of dust and rubbish. As the dust cleared away, a yawning chasm 30 yards in breadth, became visible ; the whole of the floors from top to bottom had given way and fallen perpendicularly down wards, while the front wall fell outwards, and only the back wall (partly supported by the back land before mentioned) and the two gables, being party walls connected with the adjoining houses, were left standing. In most of the stories all around the walls thus laid bare in a moment fires were burning—the fire-places being left standing, as well as the presses recessed in the wall, with all the contents of the latter, consistingof crockery, household and cooking utensils, &c., exposed to view in the clear, calm moonlight. Instantly wailing sounds arose from the ruins, with here and there cries of " Mother ! mother !" from little children rudely awakened out of sleep by rafters and rubbish falling upon them in their beds ; but over the greater portion of the mass brooded a ghastly silence, which was yet more dole ful. In a few minutes the street seemed alive with people running about, eagerly inquiring what had happened ; and the occupants of the surrounding honses, startled from their sleep, raised their win dows, and as soon as some vague idea of the awful nature of the calamity reached them, poured forth into the streets. In a short time the members of the fire brigade and a large detachment of policemen arrived on the ground. Intelligence was also sent as soon as possible to the Lord Provost and magis• trates, the sheriff, the members of the Dean of Guild Court; Mr. Macpherson, superintendent of streets and buildings; Mr. Dymock, procurator-fiscal; Dr. Littlejohn, police surgeon, &c. All these gentlemen, as well as most of the members of the town council, were speedily on the spot, and continued to give directions and to lend what assistance and advice they could up to 4 o'clock in the afternoon. By 2 o'clock a.m., the street was blocked up with people, and barricades were placed across it, above and below the ruined building. The firemen, reinforced by a number of labourers who volunteered, were formed into gangs by Mr. Mitchell, and immediately commenced opera tions. The night was calm, but frosty, and the clear moonlight shone down upon the appalling scene. There was not light enough however for working, and a number of flambeaux were brought from the police-office, while the jets and globes were re moved from the street lamps so as to give as much light as possible to the workers. The parts of the ruins from which the cries proceeded were first ex amined, and after great, arduous, and cautious labour, beams of wood were raised, and tons of debris were dug out, and '4l or 22 poor creatures— men, women, and children—still in life, but nearly all of them more or less injured, were extricated. Fifteen of them were taken to the Royal Infirmary, and the remainder, most of them children, who had providentially escaped with a few bruises, were wrapped in such coverings as could be f oun d, and were carried to the police-office. Th 3 efforts of thd brigade were then directed to get at the dead bodies. The beams of wood, smashed furniture, stones, &c., were piled on the street, as the work of turning over the rubbish proceeded. This was a work of imminent danger to the men engaged in it, as the gable walls, and the back wall, though still standing, were rent and broken, and might any moment be expected to fall. The western portion of the back wall especially, which had no support, seemed as if even a breath would have blown it over. Fortunately there was not the slightest wind till 6 o'clock in the morning, when it began to rise, and blew some of the lamps out, but it fell away again till the afternoon. The discovery of a body among the ruins soon became known to the crowd by the stretchers being taken up on to the pile for the purpose of convey ing the remains to the police-office. When any body was exhumed., a deep and mournful hum might be heard on every side, and a feeling of intense sorrow seemed to be depicted on the countenances of the people as the shattered remains were borne along the street to the police-office. Here there were large numbers of people who had either rela tions or acquaintances who resided in the land which had fallen, frantically running to and fro in. quiring as to the fate of those with whom they were connected. On entering the cell where the bodies were laid, one of the most harrowing spec tacles that could possibly be conceived was pre sented to the eye. At one side of the room was stretched the body of a woman with her infant daughter beside her, while at the other lay an aged woman, whose lace was horribly mutilated. Between these were rlaced seven or eight other bodies, the features, of some of which were so much disfigured that identification was a task of the greatest diffi iallty, while others presented an appearance little different from that which they might have borne previous to the occurrence of the sad calamity which , had so suddenly deprived them of life. On a table ' at one side of this room was placed for identifica tion the body of a tall, stout, middle-aged man, his face totally discoloured, and slightly bruised. In an adjoining and somewhat dark room a melancholy family group presented itself. The bodies of a man, woman, and child who were found among the ruins, lying in the same position as they had occu pied in bed previous to the disaster, were ranged alongside each other in the same order. The face of the woman, which was turned towards the door, was mutilated in a most frightful manner. Her right cheek was smashed in, her mouth, which was open, was twisted considerably to the left side, and her whole face was fearfully discoloured. The ap pearance of the man was such as to lead to the be lief that his death had been caused more by suffo cation than by any injury received, and the body of the child gave similar indications: As other bodies were brought in they were ranged alongside of this group, and by the time that operations at the ruin were suspended, each of the two apart ments mentioned was filled with a long row of human bodies, several of them much mangled. - In another cell in the police.ehambers a very affecting scene was witnessed. Nearly the whole of those who had been rescued uninjured from the ruin, and who were principally children, were here assembled. They were all lying in their night clothes, just as they had been taken from among the debris. None of them, though all much ex hausted, were able to sleep, and a feeling of in tense terror seemed to pervade their minds. Their cries had a most heart-rending effect, the agony of one little boy especially, who unfortunately had been apprised of the death of both his parents in the catastrophe, being painfully affecting. In the course of the afternoon these children were removed either to the houses of friends or to some of the charitable institutions in the city. The following is a list of the killed and injured : Killed—John Bruce, about 39 years of age; Mary Bruce, his wife, 38; Isabella, 17; and Jesse, 5, their daughters. Bruce, when extricated, was alive, and walked to the stretchers, previous to being conveyed to the Infirmary, where he sud denly expired shortly afterwards, while giving his ; Christilna' account of the accident. James Irvine and his nit:, A l a l e a r a of child wife, both about 40 ; Agnes Irvine, their daughter, Bridget about 20 a few months old • and the grand matetnfamily, Mrs. M'Kerracher, 88. brother, Walter Ferguson, MAckah Pi bitokotrmair about 21; Georgina Wells, about 25; and her Ferguson, about 8 ; Archibald —yeetZ about 62 i turi Tel . Mackay, 26, his daughter ; John Geddes, commer cial traveller, about 50; - Gann and his wife, both about 50 ; and John, 18, and Jane, 20, their son and daughter; Mrs. Beveridge, tbunt - 50, sus tained a compound fracture of both legs, besides several internal injuries, and died in the Infirmary in the afternoon ; and Mrs. Mackenzie, about 45, wife of a night constable who was out on duty at the time. Injured.—The following were got out alive and were conveyed to the Infirmary :—Jessie Malone, 29, bruise of left side ; Catherine Macdonald, 50, severe cut on left leg; Donald, 17, her son, bruise of leg, and Isabella, 22, her daughter, abrasion of elbow; John Geddes, 15, bruise of right arm and body ; David John, 12,' cut on right leg ; Christina, 18, bruise of side and back, sons and daughter of John Geddes, killed; William Adams, 17, injury to shoulder, which was dressed, and he then left the Infirmary ; Catherine Stair, 16, frac ture of collarbone, and bruises on the body ; William Hepburn, 40, much bruised ; Joseph lVl‘Giver, 12, injured on head, shoulder, and elbow; Mary M'Luskie, 67, wife of Mr. M'Luskie, shoe maker, bruised on leg and back ; and Andrew Smith, 22, slight bruises ; dressed and sent away. The following children were extricated unhurt and taken for protection to the police-office :—Mary Gunn, 9, whose father, mother, and a brother and sister are among the dead; Janet, 11, and Jane Wilkie, 7—two who had been lodging in this tene ment, their father living in Leith ; George, 9, and James Bruce, 7—sons of John Bruce, who, with his wife and two daughters, is among the killed ; Alex. Irvine, 9, son of James Irvine, who, with his wife and two children, has lost his life; Elizabeth Geddes, 8, daughter of John Geddes, killed. The catastrophe created at. immense sensation in Edinburgh on Sunday, and the terrible event was referred to in almost all the pulpits. Never before in the history of the city had there happened such prodigious loss of life from a domestic accident. The fall of a house has on various occasions taken place, and in a town where domestic structures have, so to speak, so long a life, the event has been matter of little wonder. But generally the case has been that of some crazy, condemned, and deserted building. In the present instance a building never officially examined or reported insecure, but, nevertheless, rotten to the core in all its timbers, fell in a moment overwhelming its inmates in death. The lack of municipal supervision which the disaster indicates is the apparent cause of the calamity. Within the last 15 years the accommodation of the poorer classes of Edinburgh has been seriously restricted by railway clearances and public improvements, and only within about two years have any steps been taken for the erection of new houses, but hitherto on a scale quite inadequate. The poorer population are actually huddled together in gigan tic buildings divided into dwellings of one and two rooms. There is no doubt that this event will occasion a rigid scrutiny into the condition of many of these old buildings. There are not a few inhabited houses in Edinburgh from 300 to 350 years old, and as the material used was then chiefly wood these relics of antiquity are very un fitted for so long an existence, or for adaptation to modern requirements. In eonsequence of the acci dent the inmates of the houses on both sides and in the rear of the fallen building have been ordered out, and have received shelter is some of the public asylums. A public meeting has been called by the Lord Provost to take steps for the relief of the sufferers. THE MURDER NEAR CARLISLE. The inquest on the body of Jane Emmerson, aged 72, who was barbarously murdered at the Botcherby level crossing of the Newcastle and Carlisle Rail way on Thursday night, was opened at Botcherby on Satwrday, by Mr. Carrick, the county coroner, and a respectable jury, The jury having viewed the body, the coroner proceeded to examine the fol lowing witnesses : John Parker, station master at Carlisle station, identified the body as that of Jane Emmerson, who was gatekeeper at the level crossing of the line be tween Botcherby and Durran-hill, where the line crosses the turnpike road. Wm. Blaylock, a platelayer on the line, who dis covered the murder on his way to his work, and who knew the deceased well, described thus the state in which he found things at the crossing : He found the first gates lying back against the road fence, leaving both the railway and the road open; one of the gates on the other side of the line was in its proper position across the road, but the other was wide open. Four iron pins, each about two feet long, are used to keep the gates fast. Two of these were in their places, one was lying on the railway, and he did not see the fourth, as it was nearly dark. There was a large cobble stone lying near the south gates. The body of the woman was lying between the gates and the cottage, a little way from the line. She was lying with her head to the cottage, and a great deal of blood had streamed from her mouth. She was quite dead. Witness went and called upon ' two men for assistance. They went to the porch door, and found that a nail which the deceased used to put above the sneck to fasten the door when she went out, was nearly out. There were marks on the door as if some heavy instrument had been used to break it open, a pate was broken in the porch window, and the window looking east in the garden was also broken. Some of the drawers in the room were pulled out, and letters and papers were strewn upon the floor. The bed scented as if it bad never been used, but the pillows were turned over, as if some one had been searching for some thing. In the garden they found, stained with blood, a hedge slasher (a billhook used for trimming hedges), lying in front of the window. They took the body into the house. It was quite limber ; it was not stiff. There is a wooden cabin near the crossing gates, on the opposite side from the cot tage, into which the deceased usually went when any trains were coming from Newcastle. She put two lamps there after dark, one showing up the line and the other down. After the last train from Carlisle had passed she would take one of these lamps away, and afterwards use it as a hand lamp when she was moving about, and she went to the cabin to remove the other lamp and close the gates across the line when the last train had passed from the east. Both these lamps were found under the body of the deceased. There was a small socket lamp found in the house which had not burnt out. A pickaxe, the handle of which was stained with blood, was found under the bed, and the marks upon this corresponded with the marks on the drawers and on the door. George Hind, a workman on the line, said he had been going through the gates to his work shortly before midnight. The gates were disordered. He saw no light, heard no noise, and passed down the line without touching the gates or seeing anything further. The Coroner said they could proceed no further that day. 'The case was one of a very brutal cha racter, and involved in very great mystery at pre sent, therefore it was their duty to adjourn to allow the police to inquire fully into the circumstances. The inquest was adjourned till Monday week. It has beim ascertained that, in addition to the money stolen from the drawers, some spoons and linen were also taken away. The murderer is still at large. 'The police deemed it necessary to inter rogate two men, one of whom is a tramp, as to their whereabo ul s on the night of the murder, but their answers being perfectly satisfactory they were not detained. SHOO:XING MURDER IN IRELAND. The Dan , dalk correspondent of Saunders' News, writing 4311 Saturday, says The inhabitants of this town. v sere thrown into an unusual state of excitement to-day, on its being known that a brutal murder hail been committed on the Dublin and Belfast June :tion Railway, north of the Mountplea sant station, in the county of Armagh. The unfor tunate vics3 . n is a man named James Hughes, who acted as a. r ailesman on the line. The manner in which the 3dy was found is as follows :—The driver of the dm t express train, which left Dublin at five o'clock y es' Gerday evening, on nearing the place, about sevu 3. o'clock p.m., observed the absence of the light signal at the place where Hughes usually appeared vi ith his lantern. He gradually moved the train tc 'wards the place, and noticed the body of a man st) !el shed across the other line of rails, which is traverr Lei 1 by the trains coming from Belfast. The driver ha d little doubt he was dead, and brought his train rs ipidly to the next station, where he in formed tb Le station-keeper of the circumstance ; and as the up -t rain, which left Belfast at five p.m., was momenta ri.ty expected, signals were hoisted indica ting lg er.' These being noticed by the driver of the up , t rain, he slackened his speed on nearing the spot. The driver and stoker, with the guard, went tow as ds the body, and found that the skull of the unfor to .nate man, which was laid on one of the rails, was cruelly broken, and his face and jaws a r p e i a t d e t' h u f l o li r ic m . a Thengle mangled. body Nearw was to s re t m h o e body . was . found , and the € ine- dri ver wveitdh eDundalk,nginsto th t e h t e r abiann tok s h a le he reported the case. A special Supple, w ith a once prepared, and Sub-Inspector marriecrrently reported that the the mure Ler. R a W n i T s o f men, went to the scene of deceased, -who with his stepson, and had been , rerlialitdW some time since, on whose vest they known to quarrel they they fore arrested th found blc d marks. The sleev r, of his shirt were also stain re d with blood. The steseEsooona answer to the cons+ .bulary, said that the caused by • a fall on the line, which ent ILL W e re This day's in inquest was held before Joshua Magee, Esq., co rt mer, and an intelligent jury, into this mysterio t,s affair, and I understa n d t h at t i le verdict returned, wa s, Wilful murder agai ns t son ie person o unknown.' I should have m entioned r pe roa that a t' trree-pronged fork TM discoyered Jam the W I _WWI WQQ4 0211 iii", THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 26, 1861. STARCH MANUFACTURE. At the commencement of this century the consumption of starch was so small, and its known commercial applic ability so limited, that it was regarded as a comparatively unimportant manufacture, and occupied but little of the attention of the scientific and commercial world. It was then used only in the laundry, at the toilet, and to a limited extent as food. All those various applications to the arts and manufactures, which now constitute it so interesting and important a branch of our commerce had not then been discovered ; chemistry had not detected its uses, and in addition to this, the manufacture was fettered by most bur densome fiscal restrictions. It is to our increasing know ledge of chemistry, and to the removal of these burdens, that its rapid development is mainly due—a development that is almost without a parallel in the history of manu factures. The restrictions alluded to were most oppressive. No one could manufacture starch without a license, and a tenement rent was exacted. The details of manufacture were subject to Government regulation, even to the shape of the packing boxes and the form of the papers. For the neglect of these regulations heavy fines were imposed, and the whole was subject to the inspection of an authorized officer, by whom every packet had to be stamped. In addition to these bur dens a duty of 30. per pound was levied, amounting to nearly 75 per cent. of the present market value of the article. Such were some of the hindrances to the extension of the manufacture up to the year 1833, when our legisla tors wisely removed them, and it is from this period that its rapid development may be dated. As with the manufacture of bricks, glass, soap, and vinegar, and as doubtless will now be the case with paper, the manufacture of starch, which languished and stagnated under the burden of re strictive laws, began instantly to _improve and extend so soon as those laws were repealed. In illustration of this fact, it may be stated that whereas up to 1833 only five patents had been taken out in connec tion with starch, upwards of forty improvements have been patented since that period. In 1830 the estimated consump tion of starch in Great Britain was 2,500 tons ; in 1850 it had increased tenfold, amounting to no less than 25,000 tons; and such is its present consumption, that, according to a statement made by Professor Crace Calvert, in a paper on starches, recently read before the Society of Arts, no less than 300 tons of starch and its products are annually used in one single print works at Manchester alone. Before referring to OUT illustration and the particular manufacture of starch from rice, a few general remarks on the chemical properties and characteristics of starch may not be uninteresting to the general reader. Starch is one of the most abundant constituents of vege table principles. It is stored up in seeds, roots, and piths of plants, end by its decomposition furnishes the materials for keeping up respiration and supplying the animal heat. From whatever source, starch always presents the same chemical characters ; its physical characters varying slightly with the plant which furnishes it and the processes followed for obtaining it. It has an organised structure, and when examined by the microscope presents the form of rounded grains or granules, the size and shape of which differ in the starch of different plants, varying in diameter from 1-1000th to 3-100th of an inch. Each granule is found to be composed of succevive concentric layers, but the outer layer has a different molecular arrangement from the inter nal ones. These layers, however, have been proved by analysts to have the same ultimate composition, consisting of 72 parts of carbon and 81 of water. In its pure state starch is a fine white powder, without taste or smell. It is not soluble in cold water or alcohol, or ether, but mixed with boiling water it swells, bursts, and forms a kind of mucilage which cools into a semi-transparent paste or jelly. It may also be converted into a jelly by the action of dilute acids, and if the temperature of such solution be raised to 212 degs. several changes follow, the first of which is the production of dextrine, a substance analogous to the proper ties of gam. In commerce it is known as " British gum," and forms an excellent substitute for gum arabic. As calico printing in Ps present extraordinary development requires thousands of tons of soluble material for thickening the mordants and colours used, a great jariety of this class of artificial gums is prepared. The next change wrought on the starch by acids is its conversion into glucose or grape sugar, but in this case starch not only undergoes a [molecu lar change, but a complete transformation. In beautiful illustration of this process, it has been lately demonstrated that the sweetening of fruits is due to the action of the acids converting the starch existing in them to sugar; and the curious observation has recently been made, that if paper is impregnated with starch, and exposed to the rays of the sun, the starch is slowly converted to sugar. Diastase, or an albuminous ferment which exists in all grains, and par ticularly in malt, also possesses this property, as exhibited in the mash-tub of the brewer, and one of the greatest triumphs of chemistry applied to physiology has been the discovery of this transforming substance in the saliva and pancreatic juice of the human system, by which the starch taken in food is converted into sugar. It is to the excess of diastase in the system, and the consequent too rapid and too copious formation of sugar, that the disease called dia betes is now attributed. The diagnosis of this distressing malady being now understood, we may be permitted to hope that science will alike discover a remedy, and a more singu lar or beautiful illustration of the beneficent uses of che mistry could scarcely be afforded. It would occupy too much of our space to enumerate all the various known starches, suffice to allude to sago, arrow root, the dahlia-root, beetroot, yams, the manioc -root, and horse .chesnuts, as being a few of its principal sources, in addition to those usually resorted to by manufacturers— viz., wheat, potato, and lice. Of these latter we shall now speak more fully, referring more particularly to lice starch, which possesses the greatest novelty, and illustrates more than any other the progress of chemical science and the in creasing range and value of its application to manufac tures. Wheat starch is the oldest known. ft is alluded to by Pliny in his " Natural History," and the discovery of the method of its extraction is attributed by him to the inhabi tants of the island of Chios. The starches used three cen turies ago, when such enormous ruffles and frills were in fashion, were male from wheat ; in fact down to modern times it was the only known source of starch. In all cereals, starch is associated with an azotised sub stance called gluten, and it is the separat:on of the starch from this substance that is the aim and likewise the diffi culty of the manufacturer. In the process of wheat-starch making, this is effected by a system of fermentation. Crushed wheat is mixed with water, when fermentation quickly commences, and the mixture is allowed to stand for some weeks. A foul acid water is produced, called " sour water," and tho putrefaction of the gluten produces a most QaigiY9 9 1 AQW, TUC) Ifigc4 is the vinous; this after a time passes into the acetone, when the complete separation of the starch and gluten is accomplished. The whole is then stirred, washed, and left to settle, Lula t, iA supernatant liquor being drawn off, the deposit is found to consist Of a white coherent layer of starch, and above it a layer of thin mucilaginous matter called slimes. This was formerly used for feeding pigs, but it is now employed by calico printers in their " resist pastes," and by the patent gum manufacturers. The slimes are removed by washing and sifting from the starch, which, after further washing, is coloured, drained, and finished, as will afterwards be described under the head of rice starch. The fermenting process is objectionable from the time that it consumes, the noxious character of its products, and its serious destruction of valuable materials ; hence another process is sometimes adopted, consisting of kneading flour into dough in a running stream of water, the starch passing off with the water, and the gluten re maining behind : by this means a larger yield of starch is obtained, and the gluten is turned to good account by dry ing and pulverising it. It is now sold under the fictitious name of semolina. A similar class of starch to wheaten starch can be obtained from rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, millet, and maize. _ _ To obtain starch from potatoes, they are first soaked and washed, and then reduced to a pulp by rasping, during which process a stream of water passes over the pulp, ex tracting the starch, which is afterwards separated from the liquid by successive depositions and filtrations. The farina so obtained, although suitable for many manufacturing purposes, is unfit for food on account of its rank taste, and is too hygrometric for laundry purposes, as it will absorb as much as 35 per cent. water. Whilst thus charged with moisture, if it be placed on a heated metallic plate it will agglomerate and form into hard lumps, and in this way a large quantity of artificial tapioca is made. We have now to speak more particularly of the manufac ture of rice starch, and of the extensive works erected at Battersea for that purpose, by Messrs. Orlando Jones and Co., the original patentees of the process, and a view of which we present to our readers. No more striking proof of the growth of the starch trade could be afforded than is exhibited by this establishment. It is a literal truth that 30 years ago this factory—such are its capabilities—would have sufficed for the supply of the entire quantity of starch of all kinds used for all purposes in the United Kingdom, whereas since 1840, the year in which Mr. Orlando Jones patented his process, such a demand has been created for rice starch alone, that the Battersea Works, large as they are, do not suffice for its supply , other well-known firms, to whose processes we shall hereafter refer, are now, also on a large scale, engaged in its manufacture. The cause of rice not having been, until so recent a period, rendered available as a source of starch, is that the gluten it:contains is so minutely divided that its separation is impossible under the old process of fermentation. It was left to modern chemistry to discover an agent for this separation. It is true that attempts were made at the commencement of this century to treat rice with an alkali, but it was not until Mr. Jones perfected his process in 1840 that the extraction of starch from rice assumed a practicable form or met with any commercial success. His invention co a sista in the ti eatment of rice by a caustic alkaline solu tion during the steeping, grinding, and macerating of the grain. The alkali used is either caustic potash or soda, of such a strength as to dissolve the gluten without destroying the starch ; it must consequently vary with the character of the grain, and hence the utmost nicety is required. The rice, after being dusted and cleaned, is steeped and agitated in this solution for 24 hours ; the liquor is then drawn off, and the rice, after being washed, is crushed and ground be tween powerful millstones. It is thus reduced to a thick paste, and is then pumped into large vessels called macera tors, in which it is again mixed with a further quantity of the alkaline ley, and kept well stirred for a considerable time. The gluten being now all dissolved, the starch is liberated and can be separated by a process of precipitation. The whole being allowed to stand, the fibrous matters and crude impurities contained in the rice are first deposited,and the supernatant liquor, containing the starch and gluten in solution, is syphoned off into shallow depositing ranges. The fibrous matter is pumped through a sifting apparatus furnished with brushes (so as to separate the bran and coarse particles, which are again passed through the mill), and then washed and stirred repeatedly till it almost ceases to yield starch. The fibrous deposit is then filtered through cloths, drained in boxes, submitted to hydraulic pressure, and thus formed into cakes, which are dried in stoves and then ground into a fine flour, which, for the stiffening properties imparted to it by the proportion of starch it still retains, is highly valuable for many purposes. To return to the starch. The liquor containing the starch and gluten, which has been run into the depositing ranges, is allowed to stand for 48 hours, when the starch will have settled in a solid layer at the bottom, and the gluten is run off to waste, no practical means of utilising it having pet been discovered. The starch is then shovelled into close vessels, where it may be submitted to atmospheric pressure as a first means of purifying it from any remaining gluten, and afterwards pumped through a pugmill into vats, where it is repeatedly washed and stirred in pure water, of which the firm have a copious supply from an artesian well. Tho starch is then pumped into the colouring pugmill, where it is blued, and any remaining alkali is here carefully neutra lised. From this pugmill it is run into boxes lined with sheeting, where it is drained, and atmospheric pressure may here again be used to facilitate its solidification. It is then cut into square blocks, which are placed on tiers of chalk for a first drying. It is next submitted to a crusting pro cess in highly heated stoves, then scraped, packed in paper, and again placed in heated chambers. It is in this last process that the crystallisation or the splitting up of the starch into the well-known prismatic forms takes place. When this final drying 1,3 completed the starch is ready fur the market. That this process is successful in extracting from the rice a pure and neutral starch, the best practical evidence is afforded by its largo find increasing consumption ; end as high scientific authority for our assertion, we may refer to the certified opinions of Professor Graham, Professor Urande, and Dr. Hassan ; indeed, the latter gentleman, who is the Government analyst of food and manufactures, has recently visited the works, and borne his testimony both to the perfection of the process, and to the carefulness and skill with which the manufacture is conducted. Rice starch is principally used for laundry purposes, the pecu liar advantages it possesses over wheaten starch consisting in its requiring no boiling (boiling water sufficing to dis solve it), is its facilities of use, and in its retaining its stiff ness in damp weather. A brief reference to a question which is unhappily as suming an increasing in iportance, viz., the preparation of non-combustible starches; and solutions, may not here be considered out of place, or without its use. From the year 1810, when the Princess Pauline and the Countess of Schwarzenberg were burnt to death at a ball at the Aus trian Embassy at Paris, up to the present time, when, by the revival of steel hoops, these accidents have again be come so frequent, starch manufacturers have been Experi menting on the means of rendering fabrics non-inflam mable. There are many chemical agents that can impart the desired property ; but the objection to nearly all of them is their destructive effect on the tissue of the fabric, and ac cidents by fire are not of such frequent occurrence as to render ladies indifferent to the wholesale destruction of their dresses in the laundry. In a paper read before the British Association in 1859 by Messrs. Versmann and Oppenheim, giving the results of their experiments on forty different salts, the following were recommended as the most effec tual and the most free from the foregoing objections. 1. Phosphate of ammonia. 2. The mixture of phosphate of ammonia and chloride of ammonium. 3. Sulphate of am monia. 4. Tungatate of soda. Of these the phosphate of ammonia is the least appLicable, as it imparts a chalky and , opaque appearance to the fabric. The sulphate of ammonia is the cheapest, but requires the greatest care in the use, or brown spots will be produced on the linen like iron-mould. The salts most free from objection, though unfortunately the dearest, is the tungatate of soda; indeed, Messrs. Vera mann and Oppenheim state that for all laundry purposes this only can be recommended. A solution of 20 per cent. of the salt should be used, mixed with 3 per cent. of phos phate of soda, to prevent the formation of an insoluble bitungstate that crystallises from it. Messrs. Orlando Jones and Co. have experimented with a view to incorpo rate the salt with the starch in the process of manufacture, by which all additional work to the laundress would be saved ; but, according to their experience, and that of other manufacturers, as given at the meeting at the Society of Arts before alluded to, all such salts are more or less car ried away by the water, or in some other way are dissipated in the process ; so that, as yet, the results have not been entirely satisfactory. That success never can attend their efforts we are far from asserting. Chemical science in its application to manufactures is still in its infancy, and we may hope that all difficulties may eventually be overcome ; but until such is the case, the curtailment of ladies' dresses by the disuse of the steel hoop is the real remedy for the existing evil. The Battersea works are situated on the banks of the Thames, near the works of Price's Patent Candle Company, and occupy ground extending from the liver to the Lower Wandsworth-read ; thus the firm possess facilities of con veyance both by land and water. This latter is particularly valuable to them, enabling them to save all dock, landing, and warehousing charges. A large rice-store (ealculated when complete to hold 4,000 tone) has been recently built on their wharf, to which the rice is barged direct from the ship. From this wharf also the manufactured article itself is conveyed to the docks for shipment to our colonies, with which a large trade is now carried on. As an illustration of the extent of Orlando Jones and Co.'s operations, it may be added that the box-tuaking department is a little factory in itself, and the machbiery employed for the various pur poses of sawing, dusting, cleaning, lifting, pumping, stirring, and grinding, is driven by no less than :three steam en gines. From this and. the outline of the process that we have given, it will be evident that the manufacture of rice starch on a large scale requires no little capital and skill, and takes high rank a mongst those industrial enterprises which are so peculiarly the characteristic and the glory of our age and country. An article on rice starch will scarcely be complete with- In out adverting to some of the other p atented processes. 1841 Mr. Berger patented the use of carbonate of soda in lieu of caustic alkali, and in 1850 ho took out another patent for treating rice wit% metallic salts, turpentine, and sulphate of zinc and in the same year Mr. Colman took 91 0 o p ci t cA t 0)4644 410 moo of Inro4 141ao stitute for caustic alkali. These processes, however, dif fering only in the nature of the solvent used, are identical in principle with that of Mr. Jones's, to whom is primarily due the merit of applying the alkaline process with success, and of thereby creating a new and most important manu facturing interest. It may indeed be said that a complete revolution in the trade has resulted from his invention, several of the leading wheat starch makers having been led, on the expiration of Mr. Jones's patent, partially to transform their works and to commence rice starch manu fact dte. Before closing our article one special advantage resulting from the change should be adverted to—it is that tens of thousands of tons of wheat, the staple article of the food of Europeans, which otherwise would have been converted into starch, are now saved to the country. During the period of scarcity at the commencement of this century, such was the importance of preserving every grain of wheat for food, that its manufacture into starch was prohibited by legislative enactment. Rice, however, may be produced in such vast and practically illimitable quantities, that under no circumstances would any interference with its use be necessary ; and even if its adoption by manufacturers as a source of starch became universal, no appreciable effect would be produced on the grain market or any prac tical loss entailed to the community On this account alone a very particular consideration may be claimed for the manufacture that we have been describing.—lllustrated News of Me World. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TATTERSALLS'—YESTERDAY. TWO THOUSAND GUINEAS. sto 1 agst Old Calabar (taken) 6to 1 agst The Marquis (taken) THE DERBY. 9to 1 agst Buckatone (take 10 to 1) 13 to 1 agst Old Calabar (taken) 13 to 1 agst The Marquis (offered) 22 to 1 aget Ensign (offered) 25 to 1 aget Caterer (taken) 25 to 1 agst Ace of Clubs (taken and offered) 33 to 1 agst Typee colt (taken) 40 to 1 apt Malek (taken) 40 to 1 agst Nottingham (taken) 40 to 1 agst Hubert (taken) 40 to 1 agst Laughing Stock (taken) 50 to 1 agst Alchymist (taken) 1000 to 10 aget colt by Flatcatcher (taken) Bto 1 agst Lord Stamford's lot (taken) BETTING AT MANCHESER.—MownA.Y. Sporting matters in this city are much like the weather, rather dull. sto 1 was taken against Old Calabar for the TWJ Thousand Guineas Stakes. For the Derby there was plenty of money for Buckstone if 10 to 1 could have been obtained ; a bet of nine " ponies" was booked, but that price was also freely offered. Libellous was a little in request for the Leamington Welter Cup at 5 to 1 (taken;, and 6 to 1 was taken against Ellen. For the Steeplechase sto 1 was offered on the field. Closing prices : LEAMINGTON WELTER CUP. sto 1 agst Libellous (taken) 6to 1 agst Ellen (taken) STEEPLE CHASE. stolon the field (offered) TWO THOUSAND GUINEAS STAKES. sto 1 agst Old Calabar (taken and off) THE DERBY. 9to 1 agst Buckstone (taken and off.) 200 to 7 agst Ace of Clubs (taken) 40 to 1 agst Spite (taken) 40 to 1 agst Types colt (taken) 40 to 1 agst Hubert (taken) 1000 to 15 agst Lord Burleigh (taken) PEDESLIRIANISM. HACKNEY WICK. GREAT TEN-MILE RACE BETWEEN DEERFOOT (THE INDIAN) AND SAMUEL BARKER FOR £25 A SIDE AND THE CHAMPION Cup.—On Monday, dept. 23, the champion challenge cup was won by Deerfoot, who on that occasion in the presence of some 4,000 spectators, defeated E. Mills and John Brighton, of Norwich, covering the distance in 54 minutes 32 seconds. This was the second match he had been engaged in since his arrival in England; and al though he has since then, with but shoe t intervals of rest, been op osed to all the best men that could be brought forward to oppose him, yet, with the exception of the mile handicap at Sheffield, he has hitherto had his efforts crowned with success. Asa pedestrian, Barker has not, perhaps, attained the same position and popularity, yet there were not wanting shrewd judges who had marked the fine running, and well knew the efforts he was capable of making. Barker is slim in stature, rather diminutive, and has a pale and somewhat delicate appearance. Excellent arrangements had been made for the accommo dation of the spectators, and had these, as was anticipated, been within the limit of 7,000 or 8,000 every one would have had a fair, opportunity of witnessing the struggle. Instead of the above number we were informed by a gentle man who is constantly in the habit of witnessing large bodies of men together that there could not have been less than 13,000 persons present. The crush at the doors by the late arrivals was immense, while there could not have been less than 1,500 persons, who found how useless it would be to get in preferred remaining on the railway platform to not having a peop at the race at all. That portion of the railway embankment capable of accommodating at least 7,000 spectators was densely packed, while the body of the course and round the railings were also immensely crowded. The time named for the race to come off was 3 o'clock, and with commendable punctuality Deerfoot, accompanied by Mower, of Norwich, and his backer, came on the ground. The skill and science of English trainers ha i evidently been brought to bear upon Red Skin, for the difference of his appearance from when we last saw him was striking. That Decrfoot was, as Martin reported, fit to run for the lives of all belonging to the Seneca tribe, could not be doubted. He walked with a firm and commanding step. Barker, who formed a striking contrast to his opponent, looked well. The men had to make the circuit of the course 68 times, and as they passed each lap was distinctly called out, and noted down by the referee, so that no mistake should occur. The pedestrians (Barker being the favourite) were now conducted to the starting mark, which was opposite the reserved stand, and hundreds of tickers were produced to mark the time. All being in readiness, the signal to go was given, and on the instant they bounded away ; the welcome cry of "they're off" was shouted by thousands of voices. On they came at a swinging pace, and as they passed the top bend of the course Barker was found to be leading, the In dian some two or three yards in the rear. Although Sam does not possess the showy action of Mills there is a com pactness in his style, a well poised action, and a length of stride that gives this dashing little pedestrian a command ing appearance. We have repeatedly of late had to describe the peculiar action of the Indian in his running; and al- , though when the start was effected he held himself, after the fashion of his English compeers, well erect, yet he soon abandoned this constrained style for that rolling action which, though awkwar 1 to English eyes, is more natural to him. Red Jacket (who as usual was accoutred in his pic turesque costume) was evidently resolved to force the pace by keeping just in the rear of his man ; and in the position we have placed them they continued running throughout the first mile, which was accomplished in 4 minutes 55 seconds. When they had entered upon the eighth lap (this being the first of the second mile) Barker led by about three yards, and during the whole performance of this mitt) not the slightest variation in the position of the competitors occur red; yet, though there was no change to note, the struggle was producing a lively interest from the pretty manner in which the men were racing. The two miles were run in 10 minutes 23 seconds ; and, thus far, it was quite apparent to all that the Indian had been running quite within his speed. They now commenced the third mile, and no sooner had they entered upon the sixteenth lap than, as they went along the back stretch, the Indian challenged his opponent for the lead. If Deerfoot imagined, because he had been able to keep so close in the rear in forcing his man to the work, he would be able to wrest the lead from him with ease, he was soon convinced to the contrary. No sooner had Red skin began to apply the pressure, than Barker, on the in stant, pulled himself together, and want careering away. As they spurted. Sam increased the gap in a trifling manner between them, the Indian, however, let himself out to his full stride, and a fine struggle followed. As they w round the top bend of the course, it became apparent R - skin was gaining on his man, and, as they came into the straight, he came rattling by him, the success of Deerfoot being vociferously acknowledged from all parts of the course. As the men entered upon the following lap Barker was about two yards in the rear, the pace being made by the Indian at a slashing rate. Not for long, however, did the Englishman permit his swarthy opponent to hold the lead, for as they went by the stand he again succeeded in closing up the gap for en instant. The champions raced side by side, but at length to the delight of his partisans Sam once more shot to the fore, leaving a gap of full three yards between them. Here we had the first crisis of the struggle; each man had made a test of the other's strength, and that had result d in leaving the Englishman in possession of the lead. Barker now held the lead to the termination of the third mile, which was completed in 15 minutes 37 seco n d s . While racing the fourth mile, and in the 24th round, Deer foot, in coming down the straight, again succeeded in one of his dashing spurts in breasting his antagonist and break ing from him. Barker, although he had been passed, stuck to his man with that unyielding pluck for which he is noted, and ere they had reached the top bend of the course in the following lap was once more rattling along in front. On the termination of the 26th lap the Indian once more took the lead, being however passed by Sam in a vigorous spurt in the next round; and thus the four miles were finished, being run in 20 minutes 56 seconds. They had now entered upon the fifth mile, and Barker maintained his position until the finish of the 30th lap, when Redskin, in passing that portion of the course opposite the house for a moment assumed the lead, although as they went up the back Barker, in a well-timed spurt, again passed him, and on the finish of the lap was leading by some three yards. Thus they raced to the end of the 34th lap, this being the last of the fifth mile, when in coming down the straight Deerfoot once more passed his man, and on the com pletion of this mile (half the distance) was leading by three yards ; the five miles being run in twenty-six minutes I t4ixteca limos, While rtpAiDg the piXtIA Wile) in the 36th lap, Barker again succeeded in wresting the lead from his opponent, although he did not maintain the " pride of place" long, as in the next round Redskin once more was in front In the 38th lap, Barker, amidst the cheers of his friends, broke away from his opponent, but in tho succeeding round so dashing an effort did the Indian make that he passed the Englishman. These spurte on the part of the Indian appeared to be made with little or no effort, while on the contrary, Barker was unquestionably beginning to labour at his " work," and although he was leading on the finish of the 41st lap (the six miles being run in 31 minutes 43 seconds), it was clear he was somewhat distressed. In the 42d lap (the commencement of the seventh mile), Barker, as they came down the straight, rubbed his side as though in pain, and as they entered upon the next round the Indian gave a leap into the air and waved his arm above his head in triumph. Sam was suffer ' ing, but he fought against it with the pluck for which he is noted, and so recovered second wind that he maintained the lead up to the finish of the seventh mile, which was run in 37 minutes 20 seconds. While running the eighth mile (in 49th lap) Deerfoot came to the front, although on the finish of the mile the game Sam was once more leading, doing this portion of the match in 42 minutes 52 seconds. During the performance of the ninth mile many variations took place in the position of the competitors, but though this was the case, yet none for a moment could doubt the result ; the Indian, it was evident, must be the winner, having the race now secure. Barker continued to carry on the hopeless struggle until running the G3l lap, when as they reached the top turn of the course he was seen to stagger, and had it not been for the ready assistance afforded him would have fallen. He was at once supported in the arms of his friends and carried off the course, the Indian being left to run the remaining five laps by himself. The nine miles was done in 48 ',minutes 25 seconds ; Deerfoot, therefore, has to retain possession of the handsome prize. Peter Basquet, the Seneca Indian chief, was present on the occa sion to witness the success of his Mohawk countryman. ARTIFICIAL FLOWER I►IAKING. ----~- Yesterday an inquiry was held by Mr. G. S. Brent, touching the death of Matilda Scheurer, a good-looking girl of 19, who died from poison im bibed into the system during her engagement in the manufacture of artificial flower leaves. Mrs. Louisa Scheurer, a widow, and mother to the deceased, de posed that on Thursday week her daughter was taken ill. She was seized with vomiting, and the refuse of the stomach was of a very greenish colour. The witness took her to a doctor on the following morning, who told her she was again suffering from the effects of poison. She bad been ill several times before, complaining of pains in the stomach and sickness for the last year and a half. She was engaged as an artificial florist in the ware house of Mr. Bergerond, of Judd-street, Bruns wick-square, and up to the time of her death she had been engaged in the leaf mak ing. She was in the greatest pain until she became insensible, when death put an end to her sufferings. Mr. James Thomas Paul, surgeon, of 26, Burton-crescent, said he had attended the deceased four times within 18 months, while suffering from the same causes He had made a post mortem examination, and found that the lungs gave evidence of the presence of arsenite of copper, the liver being highly impregnated, as was also the mesenteric glands. The cause of death was acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach, produced by the inhalation of the arsenite of copper. A sister of the deceased had died under similar circumstances. Mr. Bergerond said he em ployed 98 girls in his establishment, and for their protection he had suggested the wearing of masks, but it was objected to by them as producing ex cessive heat. They, however, wore muslin over their mouths. It was stated by a juror that the arsenite of copper in such manufactures was pro hibited in France as injurious to workpeople. The jury returned a verdict to the effect that the de ceased died accidentally from the effects of mortal disease in her stomach and other organs, occasioned by arsenite of copper used in her employment. COUNLRY 141x1 Rltl.i,S. %J..- GLOUCESTER—Nov. 23. A good average supply of English wheat, which sold at last week's prices. Foreign met a fair demand, same descriptions being easier to purchase. In barley a dull trade. In beans no change in price. Oats firm. COLCHESTER—Nov. 23. A short supply of wheat, which was taken off at about the same prices as last week. Malting barley, fine samples maintained the rates of last week ; and middling descrip tions rather cheaper. Beans and peas were in limited supply ; p ices as before. Wheat, white ..51s 68s Beans,Mazagan..36s 40s red 46s 64s middle & small.4os 44s Barley Oats . . 24s 30s gray 38s 42$ CHELMSFORD—Nov. 22. A fair supply of wheat to-day, the best samples of which barely brought last week's prices, with a limited trade. Spring corn of all kinds (except beans, which were lower) about the same. Wheat, old white 30s 63s new 50s 69s old red 31s 52s new 55$ 63s Bailey 28s 39s Chevalier ..29s 40s Grinding 25s 34s Malt. Chevalier Oats 648 68 236 308 Peas, Partridge 37s 410 white 39s 450 Boiling .. 41s 47s Dun 36s 40s Ditto new —s —s Beans, Tick, n o e ld 38: _44: w _ Harrow Ticks 4os 460 new —s —0 Mazagan 36 3SS KIRKCALDY GRAIN—Nov. 23.' We had small supplies of wheat to day. Sales read', and the same in value. Oats is lower than last market day, and in large supply, with a slow gale. The same maY be said of barley. Wheat. Barley. Oats. First....46s Od 26s Od 19s Od Second ..50s Od 33s Od 26s Od Third....62s Od 35s Od I 28s Od COAL MARKET—Nov. 25 trrioca of Coal per Ton at the elot3e of the market s. d. Carway and Duffryn Malting Do. Anthracite 21 6 Lambert's West Hart- s. d. ley l6 0 Buddle's West Hartley 16 3 ranfield Moor Butes .. 13 3 Davison's West Hart- - - --- - ley — ....16 3 Howard's West Hart- ley 16 3 West Hartley 16 3 Byass's Bebside West Hartley .16 3 Bower's West Hartley.l7 3 Carr's:Hartley. 16 3 ranfield Moor l3 3 Carr's Original Hartleyl6 0 Walker Primrose 13 0 Wylam ..14 0 West Wylam 16 0 North Pelton l5 0 Holywell 16 0 Eden Main 18 0 :Walls End. Hunwiek Heugh Hall 18 0 Ships at market, Walls End. 1 Russel's Hetton 18 9 ' T uns t a ll Hetton Hartlepool.... l9 3 1 Cassop .... . ..18 9 , Harton P aswell l9 6 South Hartlepool 18 3 E. elloe , AcoreClose ..18 0 Eden 18 0 Riddell l7 9 Whitworth Wharneliffe 17 9 Stewart's . l9 6 Trimdon Thornley 17 0 S. Durham 18 3 Bell.. Thor n 1 e y ....16 6 Gosforth l7 9 Scuth Hetton 91 6 Framwellgate lB 0 Belmont 17 0 Brrddyll's Hetton lB 9 Thorpe South Kelloe l9 0 Keiper Grange.... lB 6 271 ; sold, 221. The failure has been announced of Messrs. Beno liel Brothers, of London and Gibraltar, for £40,000 They state their assets at Gibraltar to amount nominally to £60,000, but their actual value has to be ascertained. The books have been placed in the bends of Messrs. Quilter, Ball, Jay, and Co. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's Ointment and Pills: — Healthy Skin.—At certain seasons of the year cutaneous diseases are more troublesome than at other periods; and on such occasions aie these two famous 'remedies most re markable for their curative powers. The Ointment cures externally the disfigurements arising from scrofula, scurvy, ringworm, pimples, blotches, and similar disorders. The Pills purify all the solids and fluids composing the h,ody. The Ointment not only soothes and heals the surface, but passes to the glands beneath, cleanses them, expelu:.all impurities, and removes all obstructions. Holloway's renowned Ointment and Pills possess the very desirable power of ejecting from the human frame the seeds of the slightest, or most virulent, skin eruptions and ulcerous distempers. BIRTHS. BOGER.—On the 22d inst., at Hastings, the wife of Lieut. C. P. Boger, R.N., of H.M.S. Himalaya, prematurely/ of a son, stillborn. CORK.—On the 24th inst., at 1, Grafton-street, the Coun tess of Cork, of twins--a son and heir and daughter. GOULBURN.—On the 22d inst., at 106, Eaton-square, Mrs. Goulburn, of a daughter. YONGE.—On the 23d inst., at Otterbourne, Mrs. Julian B. Yonge, of a son. MARRIAGES. BADHAM—ROGERS.—On the 21st inst., at St. Pancras Church, G. C. Badham, Esq., of Moseley, Birmingham, to Arabella Margaret, only daughter of W. Rogers, Esq., Camden Villas, London. CANNELUX—LATHAM.—On the 21st inst,, at St. Mary's, Mootfields, Alfred Canneaux, Esq., eldest son of L. M. Canneaux, Esq., of Gould-square, to Sarah Latham, the second daughter of the late James Latham, Esq., of Curtain-road. DEATHS. BUXTON.—On the 24th inst., at Denmark-hill, Hannah, widow of the late John Buxton, Esq., in the 96th year of her age. CHETWYND.—On the 24th inst., at Grendon Hall, Lady Charlotte Chetwynd, from injuries proceeding from a fall from her horse on the preceding day. DAVTS.—On the 24th inst., at his residence, 19, Glouces. ter •gardens, Bayswater, Richard Francis Davis, Esq., aged 50. DAMES.— On the 24th inst., at his residence, Forest House, Forest-gate, West Ham, Essex, Charles Richard Dames, Esq., aged 69. DERINZY.—On the 22d inst., at his residence, 4, Beaufort Villas, Cheltenham, Major-General B.V. Derinzy, K. 11 .1 aged 74. —-- - - LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TAE Sur; °Mee, No. 112,Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, itt the. County of Aliddlc4eXe r,l'tiesdaYt NOventber 28► 1861. I. e e" : t ii '''' ' __._- • ioicwii 0 ( LEI City and mot' Pool close bop_ . nod Last N Firs 4( I and flail Old , low. new hey We, aft tion add ties 8o1( Ita,i --__ in t o'cl Gr ( Cjo Ra. Tt.t