The Sun. — London, England, 1856-12-19 00:00:00

t ttton SU2 OF.FICE, Seven o'clock. AMERICA. (PY MAGYETIO TELEGRAPH.) ARRIVAL OF THE ERICSSON. (PRONE Otiß OWN CORRESPONDENT.) LIVERPOOL, FRIDAY. This day, at 1.30 p.m., the United States mail steam-ship Ericsson arrived off Holyhead. She was to leave New York on the 6th inst., with the United States and British North American mails for Liverpool. She is expected to arrive in this port at mid night. NAVAL APPOINTMENTS.—(This Day.) The following appointments were made at the Ad miralty this afternoon : Lieutenant—G. M. Smith to the Melampus. Mate—John T. Swann to the Pluto. Midshipmen—H. J. Coddington to the Pluto ; J. L. F. Paul to the Hermes. Paymasters—James M. Lowrey to the Simoom ; Henry J. Kelly to the Megmra. Clerks—Robert K. Harriott, to the Nereus ; Charles Gribble to the Simoom ; Corbet C. Edwards to the Megtera. Second Xi - aster—Daniel Pender to the Plumper• Master's Assistant—W. J. Grandy to the Plumper. Assieant Clerk—Edwin Theakston to the Simoom. LONDON GAZETTE—(This Evening.) FOREIGN-OFFICE, DEC. 17. The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. Car L ange a s Vice-Consul at Newcastle-on-Tyne for the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. WHITEHALL, DEC. 17. The Queen has been pleased to present the Rev. David Stirling to the church and parish of Dalmellington, in the presbytery and shire of Ayr, vacant by the death of the Rev. William Gilchrist, late minister thereof. DOWNING-STREET, DEC. 17. The Queen has been pleased to appoint Stephenson Vil liers Surtees, Esq., to be Chief Judge, and T. E. Rernono, Esq., to be First Puisne Judge, of the Supremo Court of the Island of Manritl.us. Her Majesty has also been pleased to appoint Giovanni Conti, LL.D., to be one of the Judges for the Island of Malta. Her Majesty has farther been pleased to appoint Alex ander Stewart, Esq., to be a Member of the Legislative Council of Trinidad ; Charles Ambroze Lorenz, Esq., to be a Member of the Legislative Council of Ceylon ; Hugh Low, Esq., to be a Member of the Legislative Council of Labuan, and the Chief Justice of Antigua to be a Mem ber of the Council of that Island. Erratum in Ga:ette of Tuesday, Dec. 9.—For " John Staples Findon, Esq.," read " John Staples Finden, Esq." WAR DEPARTMENT, PALL-MALL, DEC. 19. 55th Regiment of Foot—Major-General the Hon. Gen. Anson to be Colonel, vice Lieutenant-General the Hon. H. E. Butler, deceased. 82d Regiment of Foot—Major-General Nicholas Hamil• ton to be Colonel, vice Lieutenat-General Francis M. Mil. man, deceased. WAR DEPARTMENT, PAL-MALL, DEC. 19. 6th Regiment of Dragoon Guards—Cornet Walter Blach ford Gifford, from the 9th Light Dragoons, to be Liente nant, by purchase, vice, Johnston, who retired on the 3d June, 1856. 4th Light Dragoons—William Chain, jun., Gent., to be Cornet, by purchase, vice Ames, who retires. Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards—John Fletcher Hathorn, Gent., to be Ensign and Lieutenant, by purchase, vice the Hon. William Henry Bruce Ogilvy, who retires. 10th Regiment of Foot—Lieutenant George Stewart Nutting has been permitted to retire from the service by the sale of his commission. 27th Foot—Ensign Henry Scott Simeon to be Lieute nant, by purchase, vice Garstin, who retires ; Henry Mon teath Caine, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Simeon. 30th Foot —Decinsus Montagu. Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Mackesy, who retiree. 32d Foot—Lieutenant Alfred Bassano, to be Captain, without purchase, vice Birtwhistle, deceased ; Ensign H. George Browne to be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Bassano. 37th Foot—Ensign George Bagnall to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Webb, who retires ; Michael Andrews Borthwick, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Bagnall. 38th Foot—Captain Sidney Godolphin Qnicke, from half-pay of the 38th Foot, to be Captain, vice Beswick, appointed Adjutant of a Depot Battalion. 47th Foot—Captain James Armar Lowry, from half-pay of the 47th Foot, to be Captain, vice Brevet Lieut.-Col. H. M. Hamilton, promoted to the substantive rank of Ma jor Unattached, under the Royal Warrant of the 6th Oct., 1854. 49th Foot—Major and Brevet LienteCol. Cadwallader Adams, from half-pay Unattached, to be Major, vice Bre vet Lieut.-Col, Sing, whose brevet rank has been converted into substantive rank under the Royal Warrant of 6th Oct., 1854; Captain Charles Fitz Gerald, from half-pay of the 49th Foot, to be Captain, vice Brevet Lieut.-Col. C. Adams, promoted to the substantive rank of Major Unat tached. 50th Foot—Ensign Charles Wynn Isdell to be Lieutenant by purchase, vice Massy, who retires. 65th Foot—Captain S. W. F. Wilson, from half-pay of th 55th Foot, to be Captain, vice Werge, whose brevet rank has been converted into substantive rank, under the Royal Warrant of 6th Oct., 1851; Ensign Archd. James Arnett to be Lieutenant. by purchase, vice Pirrie, who re tires ; William Martin Frobisher, Gent , to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Arnott, promoted. 72d Foot—Capt. Robert Douglas, from half-pay of the 72d Foot, to be Captain, vice Alison, whose brevet rank has been converted into substantive rank, under the Royal Warrant of 6th Oct , 1854. 77th Foot—Capt. Edward Morton Long, from half-pay of the 77th Foot, to be Captain, vice Brevet-LieuL.• Col. G. Ir. S. Willis, promoted to the substantive rank of Major unattached, under the Royal Warrant of 6th Oct., 1851. UNA.TT.kCHED. The under-mentioned officers to leave their brevet rank conversed into substantive rank, under the Royal Warrant of Gth Oct., 1834, viz. ; Mftjor and Brevet-Lieut.-Cul. John Hynde King, from the 49th Foot. Capt. and Brevet-Lieut.-Col. Henry Meado Hamilton, 47th Foot, to have the substantive rank of Major. Capt. and Brevet-Lieut.-Col. George Harry Smith Wil lie, 77th Foot, to have the substantive rank of Major. Captaia and Brevet-Lieut.-Col. Cadwallader Adams to have the substantive rank of Major. Captain and Brevet-Major the Hon. Henry Clifford, from Rifle Brigade. Captain and Brevet-Major Wm. Henry Dominic Fitz gerall, from Unattached. Captain and Brevet-Major Henry Reynolds Were, from root. 7 Caetain and Brevet-Major Archibald Alison, from the 2tl v„t. TO BE CAPTAINS, WITHOUT PURCHASE. Lent. James Hun te r from half-pay 13 th Foot , Staff "" 1 " of Pensioners. ' Ti -, wit Officer ofll4elnienstoi n n e e r ß s. rowne, from half-pay 13 th Foot , Sta ff Lieut - V t atighan Jones, from half-payBth Garrison Bat talion,afr Officer ofP; Pensioners. HOSPITAL STAff. Assistant-Staff-Surge° John Hendlev, to lac Staff-Snr • geon of the Second Class , 11 • let West India Regiment. !me Daniell, - a P ppointe I to the Acting surgeon Assistant Henry}terve Woolhonsa has ceased to do duty, th. ere being no longer any occasion for his services. TO BE ASSISTAISI7-1517RGEONS TO THE FORCES. Frederick Oakes, Gem ., ,ice H. Staff. H endley, promoted on the Acting Assistant-Surgeon Tert i us Ball , - appointed to the 6th Dragoon. Assistant Surgeon Charles Packley, vice Barnett, - Actin g appointed to 95th Foot. , vice Meares, Lan fdIT d ice Acting Assistant Surgeon c1,...- ;tI to the - irili te gor in e, v ice Acting appointed ta Train. Acting Assistant Surgeon James Alfred, Turner. BREVET. in the rank of arse undermentioned Officer, ha v i n „ Colonel in years' actual service on the 18th Dec., i' m ripleted three Lieut.-Colonel, to be promoted to the rani the Army, under the Royal Warrant of 6th g Lieut.-Colonel Stanhope Wm. Jephson, of t, -. 1851 : The undermentioned promotions to tak„"l' 2 d Foot. Tient upon the decease of the following G en ,,L l ac , e comic- Lieutenant-General Sir John Rolt, K.O B e'lleers : Btb November, 1856. • .. . 0 -, died Lieutenant-General Alexander Thomson, cai • 1 died 23d Nov., 1856. Lieutenant-General lion. H. E. Butler, died 7th be,., 1856. Lieutenant-General Sir Richard England, G.. 8 % e l Senior Supernumerary Lieutenant -General, Jo bC e placed upon the fixed Establishment. (Lieutenant-General Alexander Thomson, G. 8., died 23d Nov., 1 1 56. General Sir H. J. Cumming, died 23th Nov. , 185 G. 'Lieutenant-General Hon. H. E. Butler, died ith Dec. , 1856. Brevet-Colonel Alexander Fraser half - pay Unattached , to be pr omo t e d t o th e ran k o f Major-General, but is not entitled to the unattached pay of that rank. Brevet-Colon e l L or d Ch ar l e s Wellesley, hall - Pay in'" tacked, to be Major-General. Lieutenant-Colonel W. C. E. Napier, Unattached,,to be Colonel. Major IL E. Longden, 10th Foot, to be Liont.-Colonel. Captain Donald William Tench (Staff Officer of Pen l'ner3), half -pay 15th Light Dragoons, to be Major. The Commissions as Major-Generals with temporary rank, of the undermentioned officers have been antedated to the 24th July, 1836 : Brevet-Colonel William Freke Brevet-Colonel Robert Garrett. Brevet-Colonel Charles Warren, C.B. Brevet-Colonel Lord William Paulet, C.B. Brevet-Colonel Duncan Alexander Cameron, C, B. Brevet-Colenel Charles Van Staubenzee. Brevet-Colonel Ron. A. A. Spencer, C.B. B reve t-Colonel John Lawrenson Brevet-Colonel William Parlby. Brevet-Colonel Frederick Horn, G.B . Y Brevet-Colonel A. A. T. eun_n ghame, C.B. Brevet-Colonel Charl es Trollops, c.B . ' Brevet-Colonel A. J. Lawrence, c ,R. Brevet-Colonel Horatio Shirley, C .R. Brevet-Colonel Randal Burnley. Brevet-Colonel Charles R. S. Lord West, The undermentioned promotion to take place i n the East India Company's army, consequent upon the death of Major-General Stephen Moody, Bengal Infantry, on 28th November, 1856 : Colonel Henry Hancock, Bombay Infantry, t obe Major- General. The undermentioned officers of the East atlia Com pany's Army, retired upon full-pay, to have a step of honorary rank : Lieutenant-Colonel George Stephens Brown, Bombay Infantry, to be Colonel. Lieutenant-Colonel John James Hamilton, Bengal In fantry, to be Colonel. COM lIISSIONS SIGNED BY LORDS-LIEUTENANT. Royal South Gloucester Light Infantry Regiment of Militia—Charles Austin Gibson, Gent., to be Lieutenant, vice Compigne, deceased. RAILWAYS 1N CANADA. the localities that have one. It has the advantage, also, of actually possessing—temporarily, at least —the prize contended for. It is the present seat ; of the provincial Government, under an arrange ment by which the Lc:gislature meets alternately at Toronto and Quebec for a term of four years. Toronto has two years of the current term still to run, and would very willingly convert its tenure into a perpetuity ; but against this Montreal re monstrates and Quebec protests in the spirit of au old seigneur rebuking the ambition of a parvenu. The question has naturally arisen out of the politi cal union of the two provinces, and it would he well if it were settled, as the periodical migration of all the branches of the Government is very in- (Front the Special Correspondent of the Times.) QUEBEC. Nov. 26. Toronto, Montreal, and Quebec are the three cities linked together by the band of the Great Canadian line of railroad. The ironway that con nects them at the same time renders them indepen dent, as to intercourse, of Lake Ontario, the canal, and the St. Lawrence, formerly the only or the principal channels of internal traffic. Winter seals up canal, lake, and river for six months of the year ; the railroad will be open during that period. The change, not yet fully felt, which has been thus effected is immense ; the centres of commerce and population are not only brought by the measure of time nearer each other, but the natural obstacle presented by the climate has been overcome. No railroad yet constructed has wrought so great a re volution. The nearest approach to such a result may, perhaps, be seen in the lines of Prussia and North Germany, which compete with the Baltic when it is open, and partially carry on its traffic when shut. But the yearly suspension of commerce on the great inland lakes and streams of British North America is more complete than on the Baltic, and lasts longer. The railroad releases two fine provinces from the worst part of the des potism of winter. It is not surprising, therefore, that Canada celebrated the completion of the last section of the line by a grand festival. Its advan tages are likely to be soon illustrated. Though " the fall" has been remarkably mild and open, yet winter is rapidly closing in. The very last rays of autumn brightened • the Montreal fete, and the Canadians sang their gaudete colons ! just in time. The gusts dispersed under a grey and heavy wintry canopy, and ere the distant visitors could have reached their homes the shores of Lake On tario were white with snow. Close on the rejoicing comes the experience that is to justify it. The jubilation, however, though pretty general, is not unqualified, and the few discords must be noted as well as the harmonies. There are two provinces, having their local and political jealousies, and a French and English population, with national rival ries not quite rubbed out ; there is the provincial Government that has to deal with an opposition in both, and far off is the British capitalist, who, in the conflicts political and national over what his money created, may perhaps obtain less than his due of equity. His prospects are large in hope from the future, but for the present ho has no over-measure of praise, and stands second best for the division of profits. The charges of the dis• contented against the directors and management of the undertaking are that they have constructed the road too well, too expensively, with stone and brick station-houses, embankments, and bridges prepared for a double line of rails—all British extravagances that appear enormities within view of the wooden sheds and narrow lines with which the Americans are content, at least to begin. The result is that the original capital has not been sufficient—less has been accomplished with it than was first proposed. This grief over the "waste," as it is called, of English money might possibly have been very calmly borne had not the deficiency involved another consequence ; the pro vincial Government consented to advance three millions towards the cost of the work, and this ad vance immediately became a Canadian question. Political and national parties gathered round it ; it was debated, opposed, but the measure has been carried, and the Government has a lien on the pro perty which fully secures it from loss, and the pro vinces have all the benefit of the line besides. But, the Government becoming thus a party to the con struction of the work, the Opposition attacked work and Government together, mixing up both with very harsh denunciations of the "thick-headed English shareholders" who had permitted the ex travagance of contractors, the carelessness of direc tors, and everything else, of which the net result to the Canadians is 900 miles of railroad superior to any line on the continent. In short there is a party rather unreasonably discontented, looking their iron horse in the mouth very ungraciously, but his services will probably mollify this irritation, and at least repress the abuse of the English shareholder ; quite ignorant, as usual, of how his money was being applied, he has, after all, been a benefactor, and to revile him for it is as bad in policy as in taste. Nor has the extravagance been excessive ; the average cost of the line has been 10,0001. a-mile, a sum which, read over a London board of green cloth, would appear very moderate. Bat there are other grounds of discontent which, as they impeach the plan and course of the line, can only be stated, not discussed. The line at Montreal crosses the St. Lawrence, and descends that river on the southern bank ; from the point opposite Quebec passengers have to cross the stream again by a ferry. It is asked why it was not brought along the northern bank, which is the more thickly peopled, direct to the capital of the eastern province ? The answer is the necessity of making the connection with the American lines to the southward, with the possibility of continu ing the line hereafter to Halifax, for without that port as a terminus the great Canadian road will not be complete for all purposes, as it is the only har bour on the British terribary which is open through out the year. Portland, the present terminu3 on the Atlantic, is in the State of Maine, and that is only reached by a branch line, leased for a term equivalent to a perpetuity from an American com pany, and which has had to be almost recon structed at an expense that seriously diminished the original capital of the Grand Trunk share holders. The purchase of this branch line is one of the proceedings strongly condemned. The ad vance of a loan by the provincial Government was coupled with conditions that the line should be extended eastward beyond Quebec, and much fur ther than it has yet been carted, and westward beyond Toronto to Sarnia, the southern point of Lake Huron. It is doubtful whether even the ad vanced money will enable the company to complete both these extensions; and it is expected that appli cation will be made to the Legislature to consent to " modifications" in the bill by which the loan is authorised. This is another cause of dissatisfac tion. To escape the necessity of making the continuation westward to Sarnia, the policy has been discussed of amalgamating the Grand Trunk line with the Great Western (for there is a Great Western in Canada), which already links Toronto with Detroit, on the frontier of the United States. This amalgamation is strongly opposed. The local reasons of the opposition to these different plans could not be made quite intelligible without refer ence to good maps, and are only mentioned to show that many reasons exist why the outlay of British capital has not produced unqualified satisfaction. Should the provincial Government propose, as an inducement to further investments from the Old World, to guarantee a certain rate of dividend, the 1 1 measure would, in all probability, be strongly re sisted till it is seen that, without some security of the kind, further extensions of the railroad system will be left to the more limited capital of the colony to carry out. The three capitals of the Canadian provinces dif fer considerably in aspect and character. Toronto, the youngest and the nearest to the " Far West," resembles the new towns that spring up with such marvellous rapidity on American soil ; it is as level by pristine formation as if the process of grading had been applied to it by American civil engineers, who are merciless to all elevations and have no notion of allowing the surface of a city to sink or swell as nature pleases. They precede population, and bring down every high place that the paths of men may be wide, straight, and plain ; they would not tolerate for six months euch a toilsome steep as Holborn-hill has been to us for centuries. But Toronto, situated on the great level of the lake country, presents no such internal Alp to be abated, and has required very little artificial adjustment. It is all new, broad, and right-angled, with pine planted sidewalks, handsome shops and stores, and that certain sign of American influence, a rapidly rising monster hotel, with its basement of shops and lodging room for the population of a small town above them. That peculiar institution is " Jona than, his mark," on the British territory, for it does not flourish beyond the reach of American migration. In the upper province of Canada the vicinity of the frontier of t he States is evident in many things, especially since the conclusion of the reciprocity treaty, which appears to have developed an amount of traffic within two years almost in credible, and the problem now is to decide which way it shall reach the Atlantic—down the St. Lawrence and through British territory, or by the American railroads southward to Boston and New York. The Americans have done everything in past years to secure it ; but the new railway, the river, and regular lines of ocean steamers are opening an effective competition with the old routes. Whichever course commerce may ultimately take, Toronto will be one point of departure ; thence it may flow south or east, according to cost and faci lities. It is hoped that the east may prevail, and then Montreal and Quebec will share in the advan tages ; Montreal is already busy, but Quebec looks as if it required a little awakening. The three cities are at the present moment in strong rivalry; concurrent with the struggle for commercial advan tages against the settled enterprise of America there is a lively competition between them for the political predominance conferred by being the seat of Government. The contest of the seven Greek cities for Homer was nothing to this dispute, as the prize would be more than a barren honour. Toronto is new, enterprising, and has a sufficiently good opinion of itself and its rapid achievements, looking down on the ancient centres as slow and non - progressive. With present wealth. but no past history, it is slightly irreverent to BANKRUPTS. George William Bremner, oil merchant, Stockwell, Sur rey, Dec. 30 and Jan. 27, at two, at the Court of Bank ruptcy. Edwards, official assignee, Sambrook-court ; Lawrance, Plows, and Boyer, Old Jewry-chambers. John Pront Davis Stephens, wine merchant, Brabant court, Philpot-lane, City, Jan. 5 and Feb. 2, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Pennell, official assignee, Guildhall chambers ; Lawrance, Plows, and Boyer, Old Jewryoham hers. William Henry Grimsdale and Thomas Hart Grirasdale, brewers, Uxbridge, Dec. 30 at two, and Feb. 3 at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Edwards, official assignee, Sambrook-court ; Chauntler, Gray's-inn-square ; Gardi ner, Uxbridge. Moses Lipman, tailor and outfitter, Liverpool, jan. 2 and 23, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. Tur ner, official assignee, Liverpool ; Dodge, Liverpool. James Longmore, provision dealer, Liverpool, Dec. 30 and Jan. 26, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. Cazenove, official assignee, Liverpool ; Evans and Son, Liverpool. James Reid, tailor and draper, Liverpool, Jan. 1 and 23, at eleven, at the Liverpool District Court. Bird, offi cial assignee, Liverpool ; Evans and Sons, Liverpool. Frederick Pulbrook, grocer, Surbiton, Surrey, Jan. 3, at half-past eleven, and Feb. 6, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Carman, official assignee, Aldermanbury ; Smythe, Serle-street, Lincoln's-inn. Edward Richard Nash, wine merchant, College-hill, City, Dec. 30, and Jan. 29, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Bell, official assignee, Coleman-street buildings ; J. and J. H. Linklater and Hackwood, Sise lane. John Cotching, farmer, Hail Weston, Huntingdonshire, Jan. 3, at twelve, and Feb. 6, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Whitmore, official assignee, Basinghall street ; Sismey, Serjeant's-inn. Francis Jones, timber merchant, Walter-villas, Hack ney, Dec. 29, at eleven, and Feb. 2, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Nicholson, official assignee. Basing hall-street; Lawrance, Plows , and Boyer , Old Jewry chambers. Francis Nicholls, merchant, Thornhill-crescent, Isling ton, Jan. 3, at half-past twelve, and Feb. 6, at half-past one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Whitmore, official assignee, Basinghall-street ; Sadler, Old Jewry-chambers. William Porter, builder, Nottingham, Dec. 30 and Jan. 20, at half-past ten, at the Shire-hall, Nottingham. Harris Nottingham ; Bowley and Ashwell, Nottingham. Robert Henry Adamson, wine merchant, John-street, Berkeley-square, Jan. 3 and Feb. 13, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Whitmore, o ffi cial assignee, Basinghall street ; Lawrance, Plows, and Boyer, Old Jewry-chambers. Robert Prudhoe, Grocer, Durham, Dec. 33 and Feb. 10, at one, at the Newcastle-upon-Tyne District Court. Bak er, official assignee, Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; Brignal, Durham. Henry Taylor and Henry Hoyle, cotton spinners, Man chester, Dec. 30 and Feb. 20, at twelve, at the Manchester District Court. Pott, official assignee, Manchester ; Hen ton, Rochdale. George Johnson, corn merchant, Billingham, county of Durham, Dec. 30 and Feb. 10, at half-past eleven, at the Newcastle-upon-Tyne District Court. Baker, official as signee, Neweastle-upon-Tyne ; Brignal, Durham. convenient. Three hundred miles eastward of Toronto is Montreal, the old fur-trading station of the early French settlers grown into a bright and pleasant city. It is the point on which the influence of Eng lish occupation has most visibly told. Time and frequent fires have swept away most of its French exterior, and all the renovations have taken an English character ; but the streets are named after the saints, business is conducted in two languages, and the French element is still strong, though be ing rapidly modified—more rapidly, however, in the city population than in that of the country round it. The habitant adheres to his old customs, modes, and dress tenaciously, and is still easily distinguishable from the Americans and English, who, in the west of the province, are closing him in and overgrowing him. You cannot tell an Ame rican farmer from the man of the city, but the Canadian cultivator preserves a touch of the roughly picturesque in his costume ; his coat of coarsest cloth, white, grey, or blue, is generally broidered with red, sometimes affecting an approach to epaulettes ; he resists the -despotism of the hat, retaining the fur cap, and always wears a sash, more or less gay in colour. The whole garb may be also more or less rough, worn, or even ragged ; but it remains the same in its chief items, and is thus always peculiar. Montreal is built on an island more than 30 miles long and 10 miles in breadth at the conjunction of the Ottawa with the St. Law rence. The whole of the island was once, and most of it is still, the property of an ecclesiastical body, the priests of the seminary of St. Sulpice, who de rive a large revenue from it; but their tenants have, under a recent law, the power of converting their holdings into freehold by paying a commutation fine. In the city the law is changing the tenure of property extensively, but the rural tenants of the Church, it is said, show no great disposition to avail themselves of the right, as their rents are little more than nominal. The chief feature of the city is the fuse line of quays along the St. Lawrence and the terraced road above them. There is a grand market, in the rooms over which the committee of the railroad festival gave their visitors the tremen dous squeeze that was intended to be a ball, and a splendid court-house, with excellent accommoda tions for every branch of the law, civil and criminal. The proceedings are carried on in both languages, the advocates employing either English or French as they may prefer ; but it is impossible to keep the two currents of speech quite pure, and hard English nouns are continually rising to the surface of the fluent tongue of Gaul ; the pleader, in a British gown, minus the British wig, grows warm over a disputed entry in le ledger of some unfortunate party. Montreal is a competitor for the advantage of being the seat of Government, but has partly disqualified itself for the preference by an untimely excess of loyalty. Some years since, in a fit of in dignation with the Legislature for passing an in demnity bill, by which compensation was given for losses during the insurrection to those who were called the " rebels," but have since been received into grace and favour, the people set fire to the Parliament House during a debate ; the members narrowly escaped being reduced to premature ashes, and the building, with the valuable library, which could not be replaced, was destroyed. Quebec, the old capital of the lower province, is as unlike its rivals in outward appearance as if it were in a foreign land. It is the antiquity of the northern continent, shut in by walls and gates, and frowned over by a citadel on the cliff above it. There is no room for the upper town to spread, and the streets, here also named from half the saints of the calendar, are steep beyond any hope or attempt to make them otherwise. Que bec is reproached by its competitors with being behind the age ; but it repays their scorn with al most feudal pride in its strength and position ; it looks on Toronto as a mere mushroom of a town, sprung from what was but yesterday a swamp, and reminds Montreal that in time of trouble its citizens were glad to place their wealth under the protection of its fortress. There is much truth in the arguments by which Quebec supports its claim to be made the seat of Government. It has a direct communication by sea with England, and is strongly fortified ; while the railroad and telegraph neutralise the objection that it is not central. Quebec is at present nearly the extreme eastern point of the Grand Trunk line. Returning upon it westward to Richmond, the branch line leased by the company goes to Portland, on the coast of the Atlantic. This line threads the valleys between the White Mountains, through the States of Vermont and New Hampshire. It is a track of grand moun tain scenery, abounding in small lakes and streams; the land is roughly cultivated, and the half-cleared fields, ragged with stump and fence, look even more wild than the forest before the axe begins its work. The peaks of the mountain are white with the first snow of winter, which lies along the edges of the streams, making them more dark and black by the contrast, like strips of sable with a fringe of ermine. There must be fine summer exploring in the recesses of these mountains, which the railroad has opened up. Turning from them, not far from the coast, it crosses a level country to Portland. This is a rising place, with one of those excellent harbours which commerce often perversely passes by for inferior accommodation elsewhere, and to which speculation attempts to attract it by im proving enterprises. It is hoped that the levia than steamer now building in the Thames will lift Portland into the traffic it ought to have. Such a ship must find special harbours, since the old ones will not admit her. A wharf is being erected for her accommodation ; there is nothing gigantic about it ; it is as simple a pile-supported fabric as if it were being built for mere coasting vessels. A large hotel, in anticipation of the periodical influx of passengers, is also rising ; but, as moat Ameri can hotels are already much more than large enough, there has been no perceptible increase of the exist ing scale. It appears probable that the steam mon ster, when it arrives, will dwarf hotel, landing place, and the town itself into comparative insig nificance. THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 19, 1856. LAW INTELLIGENCE—Dec. 18 COURT OF COMMON PLEAS KNOWLES V. PRICE.-AGREMIENT TO LILT SPORTING BIGHT:i. The plaintiff in this cme had agreed to pay the de fendant 1501. for the right of sporting during one season, over 3000 acres of land ; and the present action was brought to recover damages, upon the ground that the defendant had misrepresented the quantity of land over which the right of sporting extended. Mr. Edwin James and Mr. Lush appeared for the plaintiff; and Mr. Serjeant Byles and Mr. Hawkins for the defendant. The plaintiff is an architect, in Raymond's-buildings, Gray's-inn ; and the defendant keeps a canteen at Aldershot, and a beer-house in Waterloo-road. The plaintiff lost autumn was desirous of having some shoot ing, and his attention was attracted by the following advertisement, which appeared on the 4th of August —" Shooting to be let. About 3000 acres, well stocked i with game, about 43 miles from town. For further particulars apply personally to Mr. Fuller, gun maker, Strand." The plaintiff answered the advertise ment, and was referred to the defendant. On the Bth of August the plaintiff and defendant went to view the land, which is a few miles from Godalming. The de fendant said he had shooting rights over 6,000 acres, and the plaintiff agreed to rent his rights over 3,000 acres. Subsequently an agreement was signed, by which the plaintiff, in consideration of 1501., was to have the ex clusive right of shooting, hunting, and fishing for the season over " 8,000 acres, more or less." On the let September the plaintiff and his friend Mr. White took the field, but were surprised and annoyed to find that the right of shooting did not extend over anything like the extent of country represented ; and, upon investiga tion, it turned out that instead of 3,000 acres, there were only 601 acres 13 poles. In feon9equenee of this discovery complaints were made, and in October the present action was brought. The plaintiff and Mr. White were examined to prove the above facts, and several other witnesses were called to show the extent of the land over which the rights extended. The defendant, on the other hand, alleged that he offered the plaintiff all his money back again on the morning of the Ist September, and again in the evening, and that there was no mention in the agreement about le. an acre, and that he offered . him 1001. on the last day of September, after having had a month's shooting. After several ineffectual attempts to settle the matter, it was arranged that his lordship should say what amount the plaintiff should recover. The Lord Chief Justice said that the land bad been taken at the rate of is. per aore, and he thought that the defendant should retain ls. per aore for the 600 acres, and return the remainder. A verdict was entered for the plaintiff accordingly. injured man Moles, and 2/: to the one who took the knife from the pnsoncr. THIRD COURT. (Before the Recorder.) Samuel Leigh Booth, 24, chemist, pleaded guilty to several indictments charging him with having obtained by false pretences from J. J. Dew and W. N. Brown various sums of money, and from 11. Stringer oil and other goods of the value of 301. 133. Gd. Mr. Orridge, who prosecuted, said that for months the prisoner had been, by false representations, carrying on this system of fraud, not only here, but in various parts of the c iuntry, and had been convicted at Chester and Derbyshire of such frauds. The Court sentenced him to 4 years' penal servitude. As the prisoner was leaving the dock some one stepped into the witness-box, and begged that a fashionable paletot, which prisoner then had on, might be given up to him, as prisoner had got it by false pretences and not paid for it. The Recorder directed it to be returned. Herbert Edgar Stanbridge, 23, a fashionably-attired young man, was indicted for obtaining a quantity of goods by means of false pretences. Mr. Metcalfe prosecuted ; and Mr. Steigh defended. Mr. Metcalfe stated that the prisoner, who is well con nected, had some time ago come into the possession of about 1,8001., which was put into the hands of Mr. Ste, pher, an attorney, upon whom prisoner used to draw cheques. The prisoner had run a course of most absurd extravagance, and, upon the 19th Sept., Mr. Stopher gave him to understand that he had no more money of prisoner's in his hands. Notwithstanding this prisoner still drove about the town in a brougham, drawn by a pair of greys and coachman in livery, and, upon the 17th October, pulled up at the shop of Messrs. Cox and Sav ory. where he bought a watch and jewellery amounting to 351. 9s. 6d., which he paid in a cheque upon Mr. H. 1 Stopher. Upon the Ist of November he went to the shop of Mr. Porter, a shirtmaker in the Strand, and there obtained shirts to the value of 91. ss. 9d., giving a cheque for 121. 158., and receiving the difference in money. Upon the 7th November he paid a visit to Nathan, the costumier, and stating that he was to go to a fancy dress ball given by a gentleman named Kent, selected a costume which would come to 351. This he said he would pay ready money for, and gave the address Weetbourne-terrace. He after this drove up again to Messrs. Nathan's, and begged that the dress might be very first rate, as he had betted a friend 1001. that his would be the best turn out in the room, and added that he should come down to Nathan's and put the dress on there, that they might superintend his dressing. He came in a brougham, and after he was dressed, instead of paying in money, gave Nathan a cheque, which, like the others, was not paid, but since he had been given into custody some small amount had been lodged to his account at Mr. Stopher's. The jury found him guilty, recommending him to mercy, and he was sentenced to four months' imprison ment. A few unimportant cases having been disposed of in Fourth Court, before Mr. Prendorgrast, Q.C., the busi ness of the session terminated. MIDDLESEX SESSIONS.—Dec. 18. (Before the Assistant-Judge.) The Caurt eat yesterday for the purpose of bearing a list of appeals by the Sauth-Western Railway Company against the poor rate of Staines, comprising all the rates made from Jan., 1851. to April, 1856, upon that portion of the branch line to Windsor which is situate in Staine parish. One case was gone into, which was not con cluded when the court rose. It involved a great mass of dry statistical detail. On the part of the company it was contended that after all proper deductions had been made the rating should not be over 1591. ; while the case for the parish was that the rateable value was a trifle under 6501. Mr. Sergeant Ballantine, Mr. Huddleston, and Mr. Johnson appeared for the company ; Mr. Pickering, Q.C., and Mr. Field for the respondents. SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS. - - - James Hamilton, dentist, Afunro's-buildings, Edin• burgh. Alerander Kirkwood, plamber, Charing-cross, Glasgow. James Martin and Co., wholesale grocers, Glasgow. John Term, draper, Partick. BANK OF ENGLAND. An Account pursuant to the Act 7th and Bth Victoria, cap, 32, for the Week ending on Saturday the 13th day of Dec., 1856. 18813 E DE.PASTNINT. Natea issued .. 24,525,995 Government debt.... 11,015,100 Other securities ...... 3,09,900 Gold coin and bullion 10,050,995 Silver bullion ........ - £24,525,995 £24,525,995 MARSFIILL, Chief Cashier. •.1856. Dated the ldth day of December BANKING DE Proprietort' capital .. 14,553,000 Rest ................ 3,226,673 Public deposits (in cluding Exchequer, Commissioners of National Debt, Sav ing's Banks, and Dividend Accounts) 6,300,625 Other deposits ...... 9,042,822 Seven Day and other 8i115........ .. 811,191 Governmentsecarities (includg.DeadWeight Annuity) .. .. .. .. .. 10,640,867 Other securities .. .. .. 16 ,A 28,728 Notes ••........ .. .. 5,823,185 Gold and silver coin .. 641,531 £33,934,311 133,934,3 11 f. MARSHALL, Chief CaE&ler. 1856. Dated the 18th day of Decemb, AVERAGE PRICE OF SUGAR. Ile Average Price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, com pnted from the returns made in the week ending Dec. 16, 1856, exclusive of the Duties of Customs paid or payable thereon, on the importation thereof into Great Britain : s. d. From the British Possessions in America 37 3i Muscovado, the produce of the Mauritius 36 4 Muscovado, the produce of the East Indies.... 4O 11 Average of the above three de\scriptious. COURSE OF EXCHANGE.- THIS DAY, tmsterdarn 11 Ditto, three months .. 11 Rotterdam ............ 11 Gibraltar •••• •••••••••• -. Leghorn ..........•••• 29 70 Genca ........••...... 25 77 Antwerp .............. 25 37t..j Milan ...... .......• Brussels .... • • 25 37;(, Venice.. -- flamburgh .• •• •• •• •• 13 74 Naples •• •• •• •6 ...... 426 Alcona Palermo ...... 129}4 Pari5........ .. • • .... 25 25 Messina ... ... 130 Ditto, three months .. 25 67% Lisbon ......... •.. • . 51% Marseilles .•• •• •• •• .• •• 25 67,k, Oporto •• •••• •• •• 51% Bourdeaux ........ Rio Janeiro ..... .•• Frankfort-on-Maine .... 119% Buenos Ayres... ..... New York,6o days' sight .... 10 41 Philadelphia • ...... Trieste........ •• •• .... 10 42 I'ILICEs OF SCILICN, P2l oz. Petersburg ............ 37% Foreign Gold In Bars £3 17 9 Sladrid . 49 1 ,4 Portugal Gold Coin 0 0 0 Cadiz :49 , 4 Mexican Dollars 0 0 0 Barcelona ............ - New Dollars ....•• 0 0 0 ..__ Silver in bars 0 0 0 =i AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS OF SCOT LAND, 1856. The official returns of the estimated produce of the crops in Scotland for this year, of which we formerly published the acreage, have been transmitted to the Board of Trade. and show the following comparative results with those of the two precedine years : Barley Beans Pota i-i: Wheat. I and Oats. and Turnips. toes. ') Bere. Peas. - -- -- - --- Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. Tons. Tons. 1856 7,270,952 6,083,076 31.9 6 6 ,381 1 , 279 , 440 6,510,267 413,890 1855 5,063,074 6,649, 9 27 30,0 81,351 1,183,647 6,461,988 732,170 18%4 4,848,679 8,290,746 134,093,04011,081,263 6,411,419 529,915 The most remarkable feature in the returns is the extra ordinary increase in the acreage and produce of wheat, which within two years have advanced 564 per cent. The Irish statistics for the present year show a result in the same direction, though not to an equal extent. But, if the returns of the two countries are put together, they will prove how rapidly the farmers adapt their cultivation to the demands of the market, and how certainly an increase of price is followed by an increased supply. Thus, the re , spective acreage under wheat was in— 1854. Ireland 411,281 Scotland V 56. 52/,363 263,323 579,500 792,691 Showing within two years an increase of 36 per cent. In other words, the breadth of wheat sown by the farmers in Ireland and Scotland has increased more than a third since 1854. _ .... _ . _ . .. Bat, in so far as regards Scotland, a large deduction must be made from the gross result this year, owipg to the very serious damage caused by a wet harvest. The corn districts on the east coast suffered most severely, and the loss from this cause is estimated by the enumerators variously between 20 and 40 per cent. Weather so disas trous to the condition and quality of a crop, which was otherwise most promising, has not been experienced since 1816. The potato crop, which last. year was so abundant both in England and Scotland, is this year much less productive in the latter country. With a slightly increased acreage the estimated produce has suddenly dropped by 43 per cent., and as additional proof, if any were wanting after the Irish famine, of the utter unfitness of this crop to be relied on as the main article of a nation's food. The gross results of this year's crop, as compared with that of last year in :Scotland, show an increase of about one-twelfth in the yield of corn, but that will be more than balanced by the deterioration of quality and by the defici ency in potatoes. On the whole, wo gather from these returns that the Scotch harvest of 1856 will yield hardly ' so much food as that of 1855, and about 5 per cent. less than that of 1854. This is now tho third year in which these statistics have been voluntarily returned by the farmers of Scotland, and each year's experiense has added to their correctness and value. No testimony could be more trustworthy than that of the farmers themselves, as given in these returns, to w their unobjectionable character • and we cordially join a gn.- ret urn s itb , Mr. Hall Maxwell in the conclusion of his report, Which is as follows : r ,: t 'l t s is my pleasing duty to inform my Lords that the freelyti c ti o n in e ni to uti b i e ty. Ins ta a n n c d es vo t l h u e n re ta a ri r l e y , Polaents who no maded o ü b b y t , the of ; nglan. but s plead the objections so frequently heard in l an d have t t , ich cases are singular. The farmers of Scot is in no respecacti i cally satisfied themselves that the inquiry divulge or compruquisitorial, and that it cannot possibly with intelli icence oFelse individual interests. They appreciate and they would re l. P! importance of statistical information, extended over theitTrce could the inquiry be systematically are comparatively val e ti e e !. o nntries, believing that its results par tial." teas as long as its operation is par- ful A fii r i clbi e shop of Tours, arrived at , the Cardinal Marlot Rome on the fltb, to sion"--whatever that may b n e t: highly important mis- Napoleon firs coronatian, or .w o hether in reference t CRYSTAL PALACE.—oxt sni t tt s i omething else. Dec. IS,—Admissions on payment, DAY.—Thursday, tickets, 145 ; Total visitors, 587. , 442 ; do. by season Silt CoLIX CAMPBELL. ---At Pembroke fol lowing amusing i ncident occurred a few day ago '— through his busine ss, naturally be g an the clay of getting and with this intentio n, on Saturday, proceed ed to the Defensible Barracks a little before nine o'clock, and to his great surprise, foun d the officer of the daY ' calmly ensconced in the arms of Morpheus. His arrival putt' all oa the qui vive, every p ossible exertion Was made to to find some officers to receive him, but, owing to th e greater part of them being absent at the hunt ball at Haverfordvvest, the general was obliged to wait patiently ; but suddenly perceiving a lieutenant in Bight completing his toilet, he immediately signalled him, and gave him a sharp lesson, particularly calling his a ttention to the be i Befits of early rising.—Glasgow Daily Mail. ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE. HOME CIRCUIT—MAIDSTONE, DEC. 18. (Before Mr. Baron Bramwell.) Frances Wallace, 29, a respectable looking young woman, was charged upon an indictment and also upon a coroner's inquisition with ;the wilful murder of her child, Frances Wallace. The prisoner appeared in an almost unconscious state during the trial. She was allowed to be seated, and was supported the greater portion of the time by two of the female warders of the prison. Mr. Ribton and Ylr. Bridge csnducted the prosecu tion. The prisoner Ras defended by the Hon. G. Den- man. The learned counsel for the prosecution, in opening the case to the jury, said—They were aware that the prisoner was charged with the serious and awful crime of murder, which in all cases was one of the highest known to the law; and in the present instance was one of the most revolting and unnatural kind, the prisoner being charged with the murder of her own child, between four and five years old. The case he should have to lay before them was of a very melancholy character. The prisoner lived at Dover, and got her living by working as a laundress, and it. would appear that the child whose death was the subject of the inquiry was an illegitimate child, and that on tb e morning of the 27th October the prisoner destroyed the life of that child by nearly sever• ing its head from its body. It appeared that after the fatal occurrence the prisoner was in a very excited state, and she accounted for her act by saying that some man had gone to London to give some information to her sister as to who was the father of the child, and that the result would be another murder. The learned counsel said the jury would form their own conclusions upon the point, and as to the motives that influenced her to com mit the crime, and they would say whether the fear of the discovery who was the father of the child, by her sister, bad led to the commission of the act imputed to her. He said there could be no doubt that the prisoner had destroyed the life of her child ; and he believed this would not be attempted to be denied by his learned friend, Mr. Denman, whose able assistance the prisoner had obtained on the present occasion, bat that the an swer that would be given to the charge would be, that at the time the act was committed the prisoner was not in a state of mind to render her responsible for heractions. The learned counsel then called the attention of the jury to the law as applying to the defence of insanity, and said that although undoubtedly a person who was not in a condition of mind to be responsible for her acts ought not to be punished, yet in so serious and dreadful a case as this the jury would neglect their duty to the public and to the law if they acquitted the prisoner on the ground of insanity, unless there was some reasonable evidence to justify them in coming to that conclusion. The following evidence was then adduced : Elizabeth Mitchell said—l am the wife of John Mit chell, and reside at Town Wall-lane, Dever. I have known the prisoner for three years, and in October last she was living at No. 15, Town Wall.lane. My hue band had a stable opp: site her house. Oft the more. ing of the 27th October I was standing at my husband's stable, when the prisoner came out of her house and called to me. I went over to her and saw her hands were covered with blood. I asked her bow she had cut hen hand, and she replied, " Oh, Mrs. Mitchell, I have murdered my own child—go and look at it." I went into her room and 'aw the child opposite the fireplace, with the head nearly severed from the body. I went out again and saw the prisoner standing in the street. I asked her how she came to do it, and she said it was through a Mr. Wells, who had sent her man away that morning to London to her sister. A man named Bligh had been lodging in Well's house. Wells lived next door to the prisoner, and she had seen the prisoner and Bligh conversing together. The prisoner was trembling very much, and I called to my husband and he came and took hold of her. The prisoner is a single woman, and she was a most affectionate mother and took great pains about her child, and appeared very fond of it and kept it as well as any tradelman's child in the town. Cross-examined—The first thing I saw was the pri soner coming out of her house with her hands covered with blood. She beckoned me to her. John Mitchell said—l am the husband of the last witness, and am a carrier. I remember the morning of the 27th October when this occurrence happened. I was near my stable, and I saw the prisoner come out of her home and my wife went into her house, and she then called to me, and, pointing to prisoner, said, "Oh, this woman has killed her child." I asked prisoner how she came-to do it, and she exclaimed, "That man." This was all she said. A policeman came up, and the pri soner wai taken into custody. Cross. examined—The prisoner trembled v er y chi n mu e and apparently hardly able to stand. She ma attempt to escape. , cline, said — Irons, by The prisoner was apprehended by the w itness app eared quite my directions. When I sa w her she app in a fly. frantic, and she was taken to the a tion, and road it over to bee, a s tatio e her the usual cau -1 wrote down the charge , asd nd s v be said "I am guilty." Mr. Cora©, superintendent of the D over p the same frantic state, and her again she appeafie She was the n sehaerchw e i d sh d b ed a telegraPh—there will be double exclaisned " Telegrap murder. I have been told of all murder—murder upon mu orders, and when I saw I afterwards took pocket to be looked to that this." yini h n e y r to Maidstone, and on the wa y she sa id s ase wa s in her hous e, and I k dh w hat f he said s some sugar of lead in it. . MrDell m an, at the close of the case for the prosecu tion,, er or, an s there w made a most able and eloquent speech to the jury on behalf of the prisoner, and, after a feeling appeal upon the:distressing nature of the inquiry on which they were engaged, he urged that all the circumstances that had been adduced in evidence tended only to one conclu sion, which was that at the time this dreadful act was com mitted the unhappy prisoner was not in such a stat e of mind as to render her responsible for her actions. The learned Judge having summed up with great care and minuteness, and having explained the law relating to the subject, the jury, after a short deliberation, acquitted the prisoner on the ground of insanity, and she was ordered to be detained during her Maj es ty' s ileasure. CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT. —Dec. 18 , NEW COURT. (Before Mr. Justice Crowder.) William Phlelan, George Fames, and John Curtis, who stood convicted of stealing post letters, were brought up for judgment, and severally sentenced to four years' ponal ser vitude. Alexander Stainburg, 32, nierchant, and Chas. Hamil ton Collins, 56, merchant, were indicted for obtaining, by falQe pretences, an order for the payment of money and bills of exchange, valued at 1,5001. of John Deporter. Mr. Sleigh and Mr. J. P. Doyle were for the prosecu tion ; and Mr. Sergeant Parry, Mr. Robinson, Mr. Sergeant Ba,llantlue, and Mr. F. H. Lewis for the defendants: His lordship, after hearing some remarks from Mr. Parry, said that he thought the case one in which no end would be answered by the prosecution being proceeded with, and his brother judge entertained the same opinion. Mr. Sleigh said that, acting entirely upon his lord ship's opinion, he should abstLn from offering any evidence, and an acquittal was taken. Patrick Williams and Charles Macarthy, two boys, aged 12 and 15, were brought up for sentence, being nmhe as convicted o f pl ac i ng certain bricks an d ot h er t hi ngs upon the line o f th e N orth London Ra il way . A p i r r. is . o Justice ent, Crowder,said to add a fl ogg i ng to i t. Ludwig Thi es , 22, s oldi e r, was indicted for cutting he sentenc e h ad not of six the months'power imprisonm en t, and wounding Henry Moles. w in pa so ss r i r n y g There was another indictment for a like offence upon Josiah Warren. The case occupied a considerable length of time, in consequence of the whole of the evidence having to be interpreted into German. ^ ; Th, 4 bry found him guilty, and he was sentenced to he jury iu -18 months' imprisonment. His lordship directed % sum of 10L to be given to the MR. COBDEN ON MARITIME LAW. A third letter on maritime law has been written by Mr. Cobden and forwarded to the Secretary of the " Sheffield Foreign Affairs Committee :" " Glyn Garth, near Bangor, Dec. 15. " Sir,—Your letter, with the accompanying com ments of the Sheffield Foreign Affairs Committee' on my letter to the President of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce riepectii:g the proposed change in our maritime law, has reached me here. I have already, in reply to a communication from Bradford, briefly ex plained the error into which you have both fallen in assuming that the abandonment of our ancient bellige rent rights was a voluntary act on our peat in favour of Russia. I have shown that it was the attitude assumed by the United States which led to the change. It will not, I hope, be deemed disrespectful if I reier you to that letter, or if I add, for the information of your committee and others who have honoured me with their communications, that I must decline until the meeting of Parliament any further discussion of the subject. " I will only offer a remark or two upon the dangers which your committee think the proposed changes threaten to our maritime supremacy.' If by supre macy' be meant the exclusive power to give laws to the world in maritime affairs, let the word be abolished from your vocabulary, tor the day is for ever gone when any one nation can rule the waves' with an arbitrary sceptre. I am reminded of the words of Nelson, that England would spend her last guinea and sacrifice Ler last man and last ship befere she would yield this su• premacy; But since his day a people have grown up beyond the Atlantic who lay claim to equal rights (and the proposed changes ask no more) with ourselves on the ocean. Our children will witness the creation of yet another powerful empire iu the Pacific, which will de mand also to be heard in matters in which its rights and interests are involved. "We should indeed deserve the title of the Chinese of the West,' if our maxims of State policy could not be made to expand to the dimensions requisite to meet these new conditions of the world's progress. Far from agreeing with your committee that such an altered state of things portends danger to Eng land, I believe that she will find both security and economy in the substitution of just international laws, having the willing assent of all nations, for that tran sient ascendancy which depends upon the costly dis play of the superior physical force. Be assured that the people of this country have nothing to gain from assert , ing a supremacy over any other people. The ambition of individuals may, indeed, be gratified by the subjection of other communities to our will ; but itis for the in terest of the population of this and every other country that their international relations should be founded on principles of moral right and equal justice to all, totally irrespective of their material str en g th ; and it is because I see in the American'proposal, and in the proceedings which led to it a tendency in this direction that they have my approval and support. "lam, Sir, your obedient servant, " RICHARD COBDEN, Mr. F, Carr, Secretary, &c." POLICE INTELLIGENCE—Dec. 1.8. GUILDHALL.—Ann Murphy, a girl about 17 years of age, was placed at the bar before Alderman Challis, charged with stealing 12/. 103. from a person who did not appear to prosecute. Win. Hall, 280, received the prisoner into his custody on Wednesday night, in the Old Bailey. Susan Marshall, the searcher of females at the Smith field police station, searched the prisoner, and found that she had concealed a small canvas bag, containing twelve and a half sovereigns, in her back hair. Alderman Challis said the person who had given her in charge must attend, and the prisoner was therefore remanded till Saturday. Sir Peter Laurie attended, and stated that he bad at length solved the great question, " What is to be done with our ticket-of-leave men ?" He proposed that Col. Jebb should appropriate a part of the prison at Dart moor, or any other available place, as a depot for t►cket of-leave men, where they should be kept at work and on ♦iew,;so that Mr. Devonpirt Hill or any other advocates of the system who were not particular as to the previous character might select their servants from that depart ment, which might be appropriately termed " Jebb's Ward." If such an arrangement were carried out, the public would have some guarantee fur the honesty of ticket-of-leave men who bad undergone a probationary term of two or three years in the service of the promoters and supporters of the system, and would not object to give them employment. Alderman Challis said there was no occasion to have a depot at Dartmoor or any single place for such a pur pose, as it was an easy matter to set aside a corner in every gaol in the kingdom for the reception of ticket-of- leave men. However, if Sir Peter would put his plan upon paper he would submit it to Sir George Grey with pleasure. Sir Peter Laurie said he considered it was the only manner in which the present objectionable system could be carried out to any probable advantage. Ile thought the public were greatly indebted to Mr. Baron Alderson for his remarks upon the working of the sy,tetil! as they would carry more weight with them than anything he could say upon the subject. The magistrates of this court have received 251., an annual donation to the poor-box from the Grocers' Com pany, and 201. from 'the Merchaut Taylors' Company, fur the same destination. MARLBOROUGH-STREET.—A stout, determined looking man a few days ago brought the following letter to Mr. Bingham, the sitting magistrate : " tiir,—l am a returned convict released on a ticket-of leave on the Bth October last. Since that time I have used every means to get employment, but have not been able to succeed. lam now very badly off, and have no means of living, except I have recourse to something dishonest, which I never will, though my circumstances should be worse thAn they urn at present. My object in applying to you is this; I have the otter of a free passage to New York on Thursday next by the New York Township, Capt. Meyer, b u t b eiug without a friend, and destitute, I am at a loss how to act accept some humane person would assist me. I have there fore made bold to lay my case before you, trusting you will be kind enoug h to assist me under my unfortun Lto eircum stances.- Your humble servant, WILLIAM PEARSON." Mr. Bingham immediately called the writer forward, a nd questioned him. It appeared that the plaintiff had been tried for burglary at Durban Hohad and had been sea- L anced to transportation. beers in Milbank Prison for some time, and was discharged in cash and a ticket of leave. From arged with about 4/. wandered about seeking work, but that time be had thela could find none to ' beyond an occasional the last four or five nights give him employmen . ;. For lying like a dog • tie had been without a shelter, lying doorw elter, where he could remain ays and tsheds unmolested. ,or any place obtained the promise of He had at length he wanted was a passage to Aulerica, and all a little until the ship sailed. assistance to enable him to live Mr. Bingham said he would make inquiry into the case, and if he fiund the story correct he would take care that the applicant had proper relief until the time arrived for quitting the country. Yesterday the applicant, accompanied by Church, one of the ofEcers of St. James's Workhouse, where the ap plicant had been living, came again to this court, and stated that the hopes of obtaining a passage to America were completely frustrated, as he learned from American captains that a heavy penalty would be inflicted on any one bringing him into the United States. By the Ame rican law neither paupers, convicts, nor cripples were allowed to be taken as passengers in American ships. Mr. Bingham regretted that this was the case, but he feared that he had no power of doing anything of an ef fectual character for the applicant. Church stated that the man's story was quite correct, and that he received a very good character from Captain Craig, the governor of Millbank prison. Mr. Bingham suggested Australia to the man, and advised him to renew his exertions to get into employ ment, at the same time giving hint 10s. from the poor box by way of start. The man, who appeared to have been tolerably well educated, thanked the magistrate and left the court. MARYLEBONE.—Wm. Russell, alias Jones, was charged before Mr. Long with burglarionsly breaking out of the Duke of York public-house, Great Mary le bone-street, having previously concealed himself with the intention of stealing therein the property of Mrs, Anne Young, the landlady. Police-constable Thorne, 368 A, said that about two o'clock that morning he was on duty in Great Marylebone-street, when, while passing the Duke of York, ho observed three men lurking in front of the house, The men, on seeing him, went away. As they left he saw a light inside in motion, Ile crossed over to the house, when he heard s )me one unbolting the door, who proved to be the prisoner. Ile looked out of the door. Ile saw witness, who pushed the door back. The prisoner tried to close the. door. Witness was suecessful in forcing it open, and he seized hold of the prisoner by the collar. A determined re sistance was made by the prisoner. Witness eventually overpowered him and took him into the street. Some policemen came to witness's assistance. Witness sent two of them after the three men, but they could not be found. Mr. Long—Did the prisoner make any statement ! Witness—When I first saw him he observed that he was a lodger. I called upon the son of Mrs. Young, who said he did not know the prisoner. 1 found a jemmy, with which two doors in the house had been forced open. stated that the prisoner must have con cealed himself in the cellar. There was no pr,,perty massing. Witness could not find that any entry had been made by force from 06 street. The prisoner was sent to the House of Correction for lase mouths. Country. Markets. DEUBY SMITLIFIELI).—DF.c.I6. The cattle, sheep, pige, &e.. that have this day been shown iu our market have been universally admired. A. few animals have been shown that can hardly be surpassed; but the great average has been of that class of animals profitable to the butcher and consumer. The following were the quotations I—Beef, 6d to 64d ; mutton, t,o 7d ; lamb, —d to Od ; veal, 7d tc 81 per lb. ; pigs, iOs6d to 103 9d per score ; rough fat, 5s 6u toti Os per 141 b. ; hides, 40 to 5d per lb ; calf.skins, 41 to 6} per lb. EDINBURGH GRAIN.—DEc. 17. Supplies still large. Wheat ready sale. Other grains heavy. A large quantity unsold. Wheat, on the top, 10s Od up, and on the average Os 54 up. Barley, is Od down on the top, and 1s 6d down on the avera g e. Oats on the top is 4d down—on the average, 14 4d down. Beans on the top 2.s Od down, and on the average, 13s ld up. AVERAGES PER IMPERIAL QUARTER. Wheat £2 7 5 5-12th. Do. new -12th. Barley Oats Beans • 213 1 4-12ths. BOSTON—Dzo. 17. A moderate supply of wheat, and in greatly improved condition. ➢fillers being short of stook, owing to the late damp weather, they bought freely at last week's rates. Beans and peas the turn cheaper. Barley and eats as before. Prices :—Wheat, red, 48s Od to 59s Od ; new, —a to —5 white, 573 Oil to 61s Od ; extra, 645. Barley, 38s Od. to 46s 01. Oats 193 to 275. Peas, 36. to 40. s Od Beans, 430 Od to Os Od per qr. NEWARK—DEc. 17. Our oorn exchange was well supplied with grain of all descriptions. Fine dry samples of wheat it request, at late prices—inferior is cheaper. Wheat, white 60s to 68s, red 58s to 646; barley, malting 44s to 475, grinding 306 to 40s; oats, 24st. 34s to 376, 22st, 24s to 23s ; beans, 54s to 56s ; malt, 13s to 74s ; peas, 44$ to 445; tares, 44s to 50s per qr. LOUTH-DE(I. 17. The corn market was lower to-day, and the trade slack: Wheat declined about 3s per qr. from last week's quota tions. Barley and beans Is each. Wheat, red 52s to bBs, white —s; barley 42s to 45a; oats, 23s to 265; beans 42e to 45s per qr. LOCAL SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, DEC. 18. STOOK EXCHANGE.—The Stock Exchange to-day was doing very little business, but improved on the reduc tion of the Bank of England's rate of discount, and closed steadily. Midlands, 82} South Eastern, 22 Lancashire and Yorkshire, 97 7} 4—East Lancashire, 223 —Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, 33f London and North Western, 1054 Caledonian, 311-- North Eastern, Berwick, 20,—Graud Trunk of Canada, 11i—St. Helen's, A stock, 7 6—Great Western of Canada, 24f —Shrewsbury and Hereford, B}. BIRMINGHAM, DEC. 13. STOOK EXOHA.NGE. — Thu business to-day was not 0 0 brisk, but prices were firm. Great Westerns,, 694 70-- London and North Westerns, 1051 o—Midland, 811 2 —South Staffoids, g 1-1 G Birmingham Canals, 92. LEEDS, DEC. 18. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The transactions havo boon limited to-day. Midlands, at 82i t—leeds s 97—Sheftie1ds, all —Ease Lancashire, 221 n. MANCHESTER, DEC. 18. 3TOOE EXCHANGE.—Tho market to-day was rathst firmer, with a moderate business. East Lancashire, 2% 11-16 s—Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolns, 331 h Ditto, Pref., 12 15-16 p.—Dovers, 22 3-16—Leeds, 97a s —Midlands, 821 I—London and North Westerns, 1051 —GreatWestern of Canada, new, 2 7-16 p. —Grand Trunk of Canada, 111 a bonds. [When the data remains open until mall, via Southall evening previous, Lisbon.. • • ? Spain Gibraltar . • 5 Gibraltar 1 Malta •• •• • • I Egypt .. • • Ceylon • • India • ....• 'Mauritius (viaCeylon)J China Penang Singapore Australia(via the Cape)• . Cape of Good Hope Mauritius E Ceylon India Lisbon 1 Madeira CapedeVerds Brazil .... BuenosAyres Falkland Is- lands..... .. West Indieb (except Ha- . . vana and Honduras). Venezuela .. Grey Town.. New Granada Chili .. •• • • Peru •• •• • • California •• , Honduras •• N as sau •• .• Mexico ••• • . bl Ilavana • • • • Madeira . • • • Teneriffe W.C.otAfrico , British North America .. lE United States United States British North E America .. United States British North M America .. Canada .... I E Niagara' ErieSSOlll South ampton Liver p-o Wash ington N . . Ame rican olorabe Jan, 6 OriII O C O Dee. 0 0 ...... 1 • lOrinoco Dec. 1"9 Icanda 46 rasia Elie sios Dec. 1 6 I Anti c) : Jan. 1 ______±l,..__....so" SEABORNE MAILS. - for making up a mail falls on i Sunday, the the day following; except in the case of the Indla npton, which, on such occasion', is made up th. Made up at the W hence des- Post Office patched. By wha' Vessel. When !xpecterd BY w A llai vessw.• Tatty Ith,l7th, & 27th of the month. 4th & 20th of the month. 4th of the month. Iran. 12 .. Ilan. 5.. .. Tan. 9.... and 17th of Um month. fan. 17 an. 2.• . . Dec. 23 .. Every Fri, Dec. 23 and alternate ruesda) s. Dec. 31 Dec. 23 ..} Liver pool Liver pool Indus Wan W.S. Lindsay Taraar Jan. 25 Jan: 12 Magda. lenat Ist and 16th of the month. 16th of the moat h, Magda.! len* Jan. 1 Niger 31—Morning. E—Evening. BiP° 6 Red jrneket Daglea Tyne [A.DrEartsEmmir.]—The following arc some out of Tl l s b il i f thousand extraordiulry cares without medicine Du Barry's delicious‘t .able* Health-Restoring Revalenta A'l,.„g. Food of Indigestion (D • Flatulency, c tipt" 4-- - Nervous ar (Dyspepsia), • ons Asth ui*l , 1 ious, and Liver complaints, Cough, , s ter, Consumption, and Debility : —Cure No. 41,617.—W rinc— feral Dec. 3, 1847,-Gentlemen,-1 am happy to be able to it' _ c ; effecte d . you that the person for whom your Revalentg► was pr ocil s r i !„. has derived very great benefit from its use ; symptoms of dropsy, dyspepsia, and constipation of _ it i s , standing have been removed, and a feeling of restored 1 10 ' 0 . abof induced. Having witnessed the beneficial effects in the .j, mentioned case, I can with confidence rocommend it,otat'ti. shall have much pleasure in doing so when ever al l °PP 9 6th pity offers, &c., &c.--James Shorland, late Surge" , . „wit disroe; Regiment. Cure No. 52,422.—Bridgehous e, Frimley,.•-if_d_ 3, 1854. —Thirty-three years diseased lungs, spitting of 11 1 °,..: liver derangement, deafness, singing in the e ars, constiPraera debility, shortness of breath and cough, have beau fend fxii`7l U your Revalenta Arabica.. My lungs, liver, f itomach, _,,,., ears are all right, my hearing perfect, and my recover/ lsw7t. vel to all my acquaiutances.James Roberts, . wood morefiof Supported by testimonials from the celebratied Pro e_ a 7., ; Chemistry Dr. Andrew I.Tre ; Dr. Shorland ; Dr. Si ti rfo, ; Dr. Campbell ; Dr. Gattiker ; Dr. Wurzel .; Dr. o l g .a lr io *, Lord Stuart de Decics; the Dowager Cos Intim r u e table stuart ; Major-Gem Thomas King, and many jothaefrtra persons, whose health has been restore, means of cure had failed. Suitably packeds a.. all ii 9 Mb., 4s. 6d.; with full instructions. In canisters , lib_, 2 . A 'llb., 6 5..; 2lbs., 11s. ; slbs., Ils. ; 121b5., 22%; super.reb d 12.1131 . carriage free, slbs., 225.; 101bs., • 338• The 101 s. an and Co., 77, also at 60, Grace chnrch-street ; 4 i Che i s. side ; fie, Cornhi d ; 49, Bishop" - 930 TDB, Marasryond,nalarlfortC.Yoa.ierPurves9:lP:lnal itWyboel:e t• 55 Charing-cross „ ,Upper 3 t o 3 ohaenrdlk4lsajle,st y Strand;,P pie ca . d , y P • 54 ' B aker./treat ;d a gate-stree , , t a nd 150, Oitfcrd—tree . _---.....—..-----"---............—....---___%"''. BIRTHS. 01' A 801. On the 17th inst. , at 1, Hi g hbury-Park, tb a wife of J.°l/4 Dewar, Esq. Suese:l, the I ' d° ' • of On the 150. Inst., at Littlegreen, Captain Geoffory Phipps Hornby, R.N. OF A DAUGHTER. On the 18thl inst., at 88, E9.ton-square,, 'the llon grits • James Drummond. On the 18th - hut. at 8, Palace•yard, Westm inster, 11le wife of A. W. Makinson, Ekq., C.E. MARRIED. On the 16 th inst., at St. George's, H a nover-eci°/.4. Thomas, second son of Peter Rolt, Esq. late Aix,. 90 , Greenwich, to Emma, eldest daughter of I. G.DA Esq., of St. John's. wood. 01 0 ' On the 17th inst., at St. Mary Magdalen le t _ re c- ro e Herbert, third eon of Robert Boys, Esq., oS /.:astbou 01 to Jessie , th e second daughter of J. H. Sp lifting, fiq'' Peckbarn• • DIED. -,- oh Ban.o O n tho 17 th inst., at Clapham-commo, ‘49-- well, Esq., aged 69. o l it l '''' On the 17th inst., at Amwell•street, Ponta nvii•°' Goodrich, Esq., aged 77. off 11 fl e • On the 17th inst., at Albany-road, Camla go° ', e a 50; Edwin Meheuz, Esq., of the General Post •c, .itc °, ''g.o 0 1 ° On the l'th inst., John Duncan, Esq., Broad-itreet.Nevingtooj On the 17th inst., at Albion-road, Stoke. ,00 George Samuel Heales, Esq of Doctoral -corn won, ~ 65. a C *l33. On the 17th inst., at Coburg Villas Coburg -Ns P 10 1(0 berwell, Captain John New, eon of 'the late ...T °lin. .. Nsq. vo w' On the 16th inst , Wm. Hazard, Esq., of .411° Norfolk, solicitor, ;god 57. aoli citor, , ••*"..-?) - - 0 6 ' LONDON : Printed and Pnbliihed by MURDO yo F. of No. 112, Strand, Pinter, a t The Sue; Coatis oriod 112, Strand, in the Pre cinct of the SavOy,. in the of Aiidcllclox, Fri•lAy, Deoembor 19, IST South ampton South ampton South aulpton South ampton Dart mouth South. ampton South ampton South ampton South ampton Ply mo ath Alhain bra. Dec. 24 4th end 20th of the month. I San. 4 ' D ec.—