The Sun. — London, England, 1842-05-09 00:00:00

NEW NOVEL, EDITED BY CAPTAIN CHAMIER. Nov" ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., pA SSION AND PRINCIPLE. Edited brCapt. FREDERICK CHAMIER. This entertaining and instructive novel reads like a piece of private family history put on record for the behoof of distant friends or relatives. It reports the sayings and doings of its fictitious characters as carefully, and, to all practical effect, as accurately, as Miss Burney does those of her real ones, in her delightful Diary,' "—Naval and Military Gazette. Henry Coll:awn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. THEATRE-ROYAL, ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE. WILL OPEN FOR THE SEASON THIS EVENING, MAY 9. The Perf,rmances will commence with THE BEULAH SPA. Characters by Messrs. F. Mathews, Oxberry, James Vining, Brougham. Granby, Wigan, and Ireland, Mrs. Brougham, Mrs. '.Poyleure, Miss Pincott, Miss Marshall, and Mrs. H. P. Grattan. Atter which, a Divertissement, entitled L'AMOU WVAINQUEUR. To be followed by a new Burletta, entitled ENTHUSIASM. To T ROOPER ' S with a new serious Melodrame, entitled THE MORN; or, The Goblin of the Chest. LOYAL SURREY THEATRE. P os itively the ast Week of Mazeppa, which must be withdrawn Ur the Geand Whitsun Novelties. THIS EVENING. MAY 9, WiU be presented Lord Byron's MAZEPPA ; OR, THE WILD HORSE OF THE DESERT, with increased splendour, extensive auxiliary aid, and unapproachable effects. • After which, in a more extensive and splendid Arena than ever before witnessed, NEW SCENES IN THE CIRCLE, introducing Mr. B &TTY'S unrivalled Collection of Animals, consisting of nu merous and matchless Cream.coloured Horses, Andalusian Chargers, SPotted Coursers, Fairy Palfreys, and Pigmy Poneys, and the most talented Vaulters, Riders, Gymnastics, and Contortionists in the kingdom. The renowned French Female Rider, 'Madame Seraphine Bassin ; and the miraculous feats of flexibility by the Sprite of the Silver Shower. To conclude with the Drama of THE DUMB MAN OF MAN CHESTER. - PUNCH PLAYS, ST. JAMES'S THEATRE. Second Appearance of Madlle. Dejazet. THIS EVENING, MAY 9, The Performances will commence with ZOE; OU, L'AMANT PRETE —Zoe, Madlle. E. Fourgeot Atter which, I.ES PREMIERE ARMES DE RICHELIEU.— Le Due de Richelieu, Madlle. Dejazet. -Boxes, 6s. ; Pit, 3s. 6d. ; Amphitheatre (or Gallery Stalls), 3s. ; Gallery, 2s. Doors will be opened at Seven o'clock, and the Per. fortnances commence at Half-past Seven. Applications for Boxes and Stalls for the remainder of the Season, to he made at Mr. Mitchell's Library, 33, Old Bond-street; Mr. Se guin's, 12, Regent-street; Mr. Sams's, St. James's-street; and at the Box-offiee of the Theatre, which is open daily, from Eleven till Five o'clock. THE INDIA SUN, CONTAINING A MAP AND FULL ACCOUNT OF AFFGFIANIMTAN AND THE THEATRE OF WAR IN INDIA, WITT' ALL THE LATEST NEWS FROM INDIA AND CHINA, IS NO,W READY. All Atlzartlsements of a. Disgusting Character, or Immoral Tendency, are excluded from the Columna of "The Sun." '4 7. Vg *A - • t 7l GAT I 1 Ulll ~O ; ": 4 *- 4 .- N lB t i v.‘ • , DitatO'' 4 "'KA- • bie ,§un. LONDON. MONDAY MORNING, MAY 9, 1542. By a very large majority the Houie of Commons xlecided that it will not do justice to the people. By a large majority it has decided, when many of them are starving, that they must now give the land owners 13s. a quarter more than their wheat i 9 worth, or they must go :without bread. As that decision, too, cuts off the trade with a. large part of the world, they are really starved by the decision of Parliament. By a large majority that House has decided that the 1 - must ~;•ive and coffee planters of the West India lsiand.s a co , ' , rahle sum inure for their people must give the sun' commodities than they are worth in the common mar ketsof the world. By a considerabie majority, there fore, the House of Commons has decided that the people must be taxed to increase the wealth of corn growers in - England and sugar-growers in the Colo nies. By a considerable majority the House has re solved to inflict, in spite or remonstrance, continued injustice on the people. _ _ . . • .. _ By a considerable majority, also, that - House has deckled that it would not hear what the people had to sav against its own measures. By a very consider abla majority it decided that the people should not be heard to state why they should be admitted into the pale of the Constitution. It has decided, therefore, by a considerable majority, that it will continue to 'jure the people, and will not hear them when they wish to represent why they should not be injured. By that majority, then, it has decided that the people shall 'continue to be slaves. Can the House of Commons, or can the Parlia ment, carry this resolve firmly and steadily into exe cution ? This question the House of Commons should be able to answer explicitly, for on its power to do, or not to do that, will depend the stability of its policy. It was well observed by Mr. MAcAuLxv, on Tuesday evening, one of the foremost and most vehe ment opposers of the demands of the people, that " Governments were supported by the people, and could only be supported by the people." " Instead of this, (said the Right Hon. Gentleman) it was represented that Government bad some extraordi nary mine of wealth, or a means of relieving the dis distress of the people, as though they had a Divine commission, as if they could send them bread from the clouds, water from the rocks, and multiply loaves and fishes` ten thousand-fold." Mr. MACAULAY, therefore, is thoroughly sensible that Governments have no wealth of their own ; that they cannot give, anything to the people, but are maintained and supported by the people. This is a very trite, but it is a very important statement. But will Mr. MACAULAY inform the public—and calm the fears his language is calculated to .excite—how that . .Government, which is supported by the people,. • can • long be carried on, when it has : fost 'the confidence of such a vast body of the people ? He admits that the Government de pends on the people ; he sees by their petition that a great niunber of them are discontented with the Government, and yet he refused to learn from . them how to remove their grievances and reconcile them to the Government. In fact, Mr. MACAULAY has a preformed theory about property, to which he pedantically sacrifices the little common sense he possesses. Everybody knows•Yis .well as Mr. MACAULAY that the well-being. otsoci4y ,depends on security of property. The ques tion, heweVer, about which the people and' the House of Coittin6ns .differ, is not the necessity of giving security to property, but what is property ? Mr. MA.cAoi..Ay seems to have no other idea of property than property in the funds, and landed property, and railway. share, and machinery, and property settled by Act of Parliament. But the petitioners, who ap peared before the House o f C ommons on T uesday, had none of that Jana of property, and they required that their industry, which is their property, shoUld he as well protected as the lord's park and the fundholders dividends. Their property is not represented in Par k ent i and therefore they assert that it is made the prey of s these whose property is represented. The petitioners complained of "being enor mous l y taxed to pay the national debt ; they are taxed, they say, to pay the fundholders. They complain, in that instance, and Mr. MACAULAY did not show that they complained erroneously that their property is taken from them by the law. They assert "that taxation, both genaral and local, is too enormous to to borne." They assert that "the Wages of the 'producing millions are are as nothing compared to the salaries of those whose usefulness ought to be questioned," and they assert "that luxury prevails amongst the rulers," who or dain and levy the taxes, "and starvation amongst the _ruled." - We might quote many other similar pas litge3 from their petition, to show that they consider their right of Property to be continually invaded by the Legislature. They assert that the Legislature does not secure their property—that it violates their Tight 'of property.; and to that Mr. MAc..tuLAlN.re plies, thinking, apparently only of the .store he has plao.el in the Funds, and of the slllar y he may again. . enjoy as u that society " cannotprosper unless property be secure. • Th n:. e potitio.rs filly ' a.,Tree with hint, and they pout to their own w-ri_ ‘-leeil cona"ttion—they point to the starving millions—they point to their ow.-, dis content, as proofs of the injurious consequences of .not securing their property. The passage we have quoted fro it Mr. IllAcAnr..ty shows clearly enou g h that the (ov 'rnrnent has nothing of its own to give t o any class o:• t:ie people. All•that it does, therefore. and all tha; it can do is, to take from one class to give to some other class. The legislature produces , nothing—it only alters the distribution of wealth. It creates no new values. The people say, with ADAM SMITH, that all the wealth of the world is produced by labour, but that, owing to unjust legislation, la bour has the smallest share of its own produce. The Legislature, or Government, takes away from them such an immense sum for the priesthood, for tithes are a tax—such an immense sum for the fundholders— such an immense sum for the army, the navy, and for the Court—for pensioners and Comissioners, that nothing is left for them. They say that the Legislature, by various kinds of monopolies, by its enormdas tax ation, fleeces them bare, and leaves them nothing to ,subsist on. In their own emphatic language, the taxing rulers riot in luxury, and the ruled are in a state of starvation. They assert that in this general result lies a decided proof that their property is not secure, and they ask for a share of represen tation to ensure themselves that justice which the Legislature, as now constituted, has systematically, perseveringly, and stubbornly denied them. The broad general fact, that industry starves while idleness, or the unproductive classes, abound in wealth, amply justifies the complaints of the people, and refutes the implied statement of Mr. MACAULAY that under our present system property is secure. Mr. ROEBUCK'S conduct on Friday had the merit of being eminently impartial. He spared neither To ries, Whigs, nor Radicals ; and the exposure he made, so far as it went, was complete. The public, how ever, regard it more as an index to the general condi tion of the House of Commons than the work itself. Almost every day announcements are made in the Votes, or in the Reports, that Mr. So-and-so has withdrawn his petition against the election return of hich he had complained. The number of petitions so set aside is much greater than the number brought to trial. It iS said of Sir DENIS LE MARCHANT that he announced personally to the SPEAKER that he did not mean to prosecute his petition against the return for Harwich ; and it is also announced that the Tories, without being at the trouble of naming a committee, have agreed to throw Major BERESFORD overboard, and give Sir DENIS a seat for that Borough. Such details as these, combined with the great num ber of disputed returns, and the existence throughout the country of notorious bribery, make the people suspect that the bulk of the House of Commons has been elected by corrupt means. We hear that said, and we hear it also said that this suspicion explains the extraordinary subserviency of the House of Commons to Sir R. PEEL. No incon siderable number of the Members, for the sake of sup parting him, have falsified all the hopes their conduct excited, and have forfeited all the pledges they pub licly gave upon the hustings. The majority of these men, it is said, were at great expense to obtain their seats. They parted even with more than money. They used up their character in bribing, intimidating, coaxing, and coercing the electors ; and having given both money and reputation for their seats, they wish to get back an equivalent. They gave a great price for the patronage and power they expect to enjoy under PEEL, and they will not oppose him, do what he may, lest they should lose the expected rewards. They might break up the Govern ment and endanger their dearly-bought seats. From their corruption and the general corruption of the constituencies, therefore, the interest of the nation is wholly disregarded. The tenure on which many of the Members hold their seats, to which the few facts brought forward by Mr. ROEBUCK are an index, ex plains why the iniquitous and tyrannical Income tax meets with little opposition from those who ought to be the guardians of the people's rights. We are inclined to suppose that there are few, or none, of the occupations of the labouring classes which do not seem painful, disgusting, and dan gerous to the upper and idle classes. But, as so ciety cannot be sustained without labour, it is not judicious to make their views of necessary . oc cupation the rules of life. So terrible an opinion have they of labour that they have unwisely used it as a punishment, and have caused great injury to the working classes, by associating labour with ig nominy. - While we deprecate on the one hand, there fore, their interference with the labour of the peo- • ple, we think it our duty, on the other, not to join too eagerly some of our Contemporaries in des cribing necessary occupations as hopelessly disgusting and hideous. In all situations, where youth'of both sexes are thrown together, much of that vice will arise which the Reports of the Commissioners on Mines describe. As far as our experience extends, there is not more correctness amongst the agricultural population than amongst the population of collieries and mines ;—we do not believe that the hay-field or the hop garden, the farmer's kitchen or his barn, is a better school of morality than the mine. The Re ports of the Poor-law Commissioners gave a lament able account of the chastity of females in the agricultural districts, and believing that the females in the collieries and mines are not worse than those in the agricultural districts, we will not imitate some of our Contemporaries, by quoting the rather offensive accounts which the Sub-Commissioners have given of the behaviour of both sexes. 'Whoever chooses to pry closely into the details of society will find similar scenes in almost every part of it. It is of more consequence, we think, to observe, that females have naturally no taste for labour in the They love to dress and adorn their per sons ; and where such a taste is encouraged, mines. as it is with us, the women, as the rule, are prone to finery and indulgence, and dreadfully averse to drudgery. We feel quite confident, there , fore, as the rule, that women do not work in the col lieries and mines except from dire necessity; and if they could live like ladies above ground, no power on earth could convert them into " getters," " trappers," " hurriers," &c. &c., in the bowels of the earth. We are not surprised, therefore, to find in the evidence such statements as these : Mary Barnett says—l do not like working in pit, but I am obliged to get a livin g . Patience Ilershaw says—l wear a belt and chain at the workings to get the coves out. I would rather work in the mill than in the coal pit. Ruth Barnett says—l come down into pits in linings of old trousers, which I take off. I wear an old waist coat and shift. Ido not like working in pit. I would not do it if I could help it. Another quotation : Betty Harris, aged thirty-seven, drawer in a coal-pit, Little Bolton, Lancashire, says—"l have a belt round my waist, and a chain passing between zny legs, and I go on my hands and feet. The road is very steep, and we have to hold by a rope, and when there is no rope, by anything we can catch hold of. There are six women and about six boys and girls in the pit I work in : it is very hard work for a woman. The pit is very wet where I work, and the water comes over our clog-tops always, and I have seen it up to my thighs. lam not so strong as I was, and I cannot stand my work so well as I used to do. I have drawn till I have the skin off me ; the belt and chain is worse when we are in the family-way. My feller [husbandl has beaten me many a time for not being ready. I have known, many a man beat his drawer." Here is abundant evidence, then, that the women do not like the work, and it is, therefore, clear that they would not engage in it if they could help it. We have so much confidence, too, in their Mother's love, that we can assert that they would never consent to their children going and engaging' in such severe work at the early age of five or six, if they were not driven to do it by their poverty. Assuredly they would keep their daughters out of the coal-pits if they could subsist without driving them to such labour. The source, therefore, of all th e t err ib le evils which belong to the coal-pits lies in the poverty of the people which legisla tion causes and cannot lessen. Whatever may be Lord ASHLEY'S plan, his law will have this, in common with all the factory Acts, the appointment of a number of Commissioners and Inspectors to carry it into execution, who must be paid out of the produce of labour, and will add either to the toils or to the poverty of the people. The true way to keep women from working in coal-pits is to make such labour wh o ll y unneces sary, in order to provide for the comfo r t a bl e sub sistence of themselves and their families. That this is within the power of legislation we do not believe ; that it would not be their happier lot did legislation not interfere with labour, and withhold from it its due reward we will not positively assert ; but we are quite sure, on that, principle, we have borrowed ~ in another article from Mr. MACAULAY, that the Legislature can do nothing so beneficial for these people, as to cease from plunder ing them. By the law that the Legislature has just passel, these poor toiling i n f an t g irl s an d mo th e r s are at this moment, and every day of their lives, obliged, before they can oat a morsel of bread or a piece of potatoe, to pay a tax to the rich land and mine owner of 13s. per quarter on wheat. The coal-owners, who are the parties that most profit by the employment of children and women in mines, should imitate the Duke of BTICCLEUCH, who has refused to allow them to work in his mines with the happiest effects. Of course, he raises the wages of the men, and gives them work in proportion. If other coal-owners will do the same, and not be quite so rapa cious as they now are, there will be no occasion to en cumber the statute-book with an additional penal law. ;we willingly correct a great error in an article on the sth instant, headed " West India Steam-packets,' into which we were led by misrepresentation. In that article it is stated that Lieut. APLIN had been cashiered for his conduct with respect to the delay of the mails. Lieut. APLIN informs us that we have been grossly misinformed, and furnishes a copy of an official letter from the Admiralty in answer to his re quest to be superseded. This proves that the state ment furnished to us is wholly untrue, and as it is calculated to create an unfavourable impression with regard to the Gallant Officer, we are happy to give it the most direct contradiction. He was superseded at his own request, and no imputation, therefore, can rest upon Lieut. APLIN'S character, either as a gen tleman or a naval officer. THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING-, MAY 9, 1842. COURT CIRCULAR. The Queen and Prince Albert and the Royal suite at tended Divine Service yesterday morning at Claremont. The Dean of Hereford, Deputy Clerk of the Closet in waiting, officiated. Her Majesty and Prince Albert. attended by the Royal suite, are expected to leave Claremont this after noon for Buckingham Palace. The Duchess of Cambridge, accompanied by the Princesses Augusta and Mary of Cambridge, visited her Majesty the Queen Dowager and the Duchess Ida of Saxe Weimar on Saturday at Marlborough House. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent attended Divine Service yesterday morning in the Chapel Royal, St. James's. Lady Anna Maria Dawson was in waiting on her Royal Highness. The Duke of 'Cambridge attended Divine Service yes terday morning in Grosvenor Chapel. The Duchess of Cambridge, Prince George, and the Princesses Augusta and Mary of Cambridge, attended Divine Service yesterday morning in St. James's church. Lady Augusta Somerset was in waiting on the Royal Duchess. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, attended by Lady Anna Maria Dawson, went to Frog-more Lodge on Saturday morning, and returned in the afternoon to Clarence House, St. James's. The Duke of Cambridge visited the Duchess of Glou cester on Saturday, at Gloucester House. The Duchess of Kent, attended by Lady Anna Maria Dawson and Sir George Couper, Bart., honoured the Italian Opera with her presence on Saturday evening. A deputation of fruit-growers, accompanied by Vis count Strangford, Viscount Sydney, Sir Edward Cholmeley Dering, and Mr. Lockhart; M.P., Lantrkshire, had an interview with Sir Robert Peel, on Saturday, at his official residence in Downing-street. The Earl of Mountcashel and Dr. Rolph had an inter view with Lord Stanley, on Saturday, at the Colonial office. A deputation of the cork trade had an interview on Saturday with Sir Robert Peel in Downing-street. The Committee of the Baronetage for Privileges met and transacted business, on Saturday, at the Clarendon Ilotel. The Spanish Minister transacted business, on Satur day, at the Foreign-office. Captain Elliot — had an interview with Sir R. Peel on Saturday. Despatches from the Governor of Sierra Leone, and also from the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands were received, yesterday, at the Colonial-office. Sir K Peel had a dinner party, on Saturday, at his residence. in Whitehall.:gardens. THE ROYAL MASQUE. HER MAJESTY AND PRINCE ALBERT'S SPITALFIELDS' DRESSES. The industrious citizens of the metropolis have already some cause for thankfulness to her Majesty. In Spital fields alone her Majesty's fete has already operated some change. The tissue of her Majesty's magnificent costume is made in that distressed quarter of the town, fmd it is an exquisite piece of handicraft, in which the clever weavers have surpassed themselves. - The ground is gold, over which appear floivers, partly mattes, partly brilliant ; but description cannot convey an idea of the exquisite nature of the tissue, the beauty of the design, and its striking effect—and we can only add that it is worthy of enshrining her who is—" The cynosure of every eye." The chivalric costume of his Royal Highness Prince Albert has issued from the looms of the same native ar tisans, and when set off by the manly form and hand some person of so fit a representative of the great Ed ward, he will be—" Ay ! every inch a king !" This splendid fete is rivetting the attention of the higher circles of society beyond any other festivities we ever remember at .home or abroad—whether galas or even coronations. The young nobility, with more than their habitual flow of buoyant spirits, first began, at the bidding of the gracious Sovereign, this joyous race after elegant pleasure, and have now involved in their im pulse many of our oldest and gravest senators. As a foretaste of what is to come, we will now pro duce the personages of one of the most romantic and gorgeous of the historical quadrille lc,— LE QUADRILLE DE FRANCE. Louis Duke of Beaufort. Anne de Bretagne bridge. Comte d'Angouleme Princess Claude Gaston de Foix Duchesse de Ferrare Jean d'Albert de Navarre Load Granby. Germance de Foix Lady Clanncarde. Bayard Jeanne de Conflans... Lady Exeter. Le Connetable de Bourbon Duchesse de Bourbon Lady A. Somerset. Louis de Talremonille ..... Charlotte de la Tremouille Lady Wilton. Comte de Chateaubriand Lord Claud Hamilton. Anne de Villeroi Lady Lincoln. Chevalier d'Aligre Clemente d'Armagnac Mrs. Stanley. Gu7 de la Motte Hon. F. Villi ers . Claire d'Aubigne Comte de Montpensier Lord Ward. Blanche de St. Paul Comte de Dunois Clemence Jeanne.. Robert Stuart d'Aubigne Louise de Renoux . . Mrs. Samley. Marechal de Chabannas ...... Lord Malmesbury. Madame de Lapalisse Lady Craven. Charles d'Amboise Mr. Fitzroy, M. de Chateaubriand Mr. de Burgh. DRESS OF THE QUEEN.—Her Majesty will wear a robe of magnificent gold and silver brocade, over which, from the shoulders, will hang a splendid mantle of the same material as that of which Prince Albert's robe (more minutely described below) is to be composed. Her Majesty's display of jewels will be of immense value. From the upper part of the robe we hear her Majesty will have suspended a description of pendant stomacher of the intrinsic worth of 60,0001. DRESS OF PRINCE ALBERT.—His Royal Highness's cloak will be composed of the richest scarlet velvet, which (as well as every other external part of the attire of His Royal Highness and of her Majesty) has been expressly manufactured in Spitalfields, lined throughout with ermine of the first quality. Round the entire ex tremity runs a splendid gold lace, three inches in width, bearing upon it a raised pattern of oak-leaves and acorns. This lace is edged top and bottom with two rows of pearls of an unusual size, amounting in number to no less than 1,200. The Earl of Pembroke, who will personate the Count D'Angouleme, afterwards Francis the Fir s t, it i s sa id will wear a brilliant in his cap of the costly value of 10,0001. The Duchess of Sutherland is expected to display jewels to the enormstis worth of 100,0001 The Duchess of Gloucester and the Duchess of Saxe- Weimar, who has just arrived in England, will join this brilliant group, dressed in the costumes of noble ladies of the Court of Louis XII. Her Majesty the Queen Dow ger and the Duchess of Kent have already chosen the costumes of their Illustrious relatives. It is to the Duke of Beaufort, as Louis Bonze, that devolves the honour of chaperoning her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cam bridge as Anne de Bretagne, whilst Lord Cardigan, as Chevalier Bay ard,will follow in the train of the resuscitated Queen. The Princess Augusta, as Claude de France, confers on the Earl of Pembroke—who enacts the part of the Count D'Angouleme, afterwards Francis the First —the honour of her hand, to lead off the quadrille, de la belle France. Lady Augusta Somerset will be Anne de Bourbon. Mdlle. D'Este will bear the costume of the royal and beautiful poetess, " La Marguerite des Princesses, Reine de Navarre." -Another Noble Lady proposes to wear the costume of Marguerite d'Autriche. In the Spanish quadrille the Earl of Chesterfield, as King Philip the Second, will lead off with the Duchess of Beaufort. In the quadrille of the Crusaders the Mar chioness of Londonderry's eldest daughter will enact the Queen Berengaria; her fair sister will be Rowena. The Greek quadrille has unfortunately disappeared for the moment from the programme, owing to the decease of that deeply-lamented officer Lord H. Russell. Another new quadrille is forming of Noble Ladies of the age of Louis XIV. KANDAIIAR.—WC have been favoured with a copy of the following letter, dated Kandahar, Feb. 14,1842 :—" We are, thank God, all saf e a t thi s p l ace , although in daily expecta tion of the people in the town rising against us, and the enemy, only 25 miles off, are threatening to attack us. Our commu nication with Caubul and the provinces is cut off; and report says that Sir W. M'Naghten. the Envoy and Minister, is murdered, with several other officers. It is to he hoped, in the spring, troops will be pushed up from India, for we can do nothieg at this season, when, please God, we will give them a lesson they little think of. General Nntt, with a large force, went against the rebels collected only eight miles from Kan pahar. and killed and wounded about 700 or 800 of them ; but they are increasing in numbers every day, and one of shah Soojah's sons ( Sutler Jung) at their head. It is said they dined in their shrouds the other day, and swore upon the Koran that they would either murder us all, or be killed in the attempt. CARLISLE—STATE OF TRADE.--117 e regret to say that the hand loom weaving in this city continues in a most depressed st a t e , and that t h e weavers h ave suffered a further reduction of thei r wages , although the previous earnings if a vast proportion of them were scarcely sufficient to sustain life. —Carlin Journal. LITERATURE. A RECORD OF THE PYRAMIDS. Saunders and Otley, London, 1842. If Mr. Reade does not succeed as a poet, it will certainly not be from any excess of diffidence on his part. Indeed, we scarcely know an author who is so little afflicted with this malady, or who—if we may judge from his preface to the present work—thinks so highly of his own genius, and with so little reason. He even congratulates himself on his unpopularity, which he seems to think is an unerring test of his desert, and quotes a passage from Montaigne to show that the worst writers are frequently those who have gained most applause. Mr. Reade is welcome to all the consolation he can derive from this reflection, but nevertheless it is our duty to assure him that he will never win permanent reputation as a poet, for this conclusive reason, that he is utterly deficient in origi nality. He is a mere mocking-bird—the very parrot of Parnassus. Most of his best thoughts may be traced to Lord Byron, of whose fourth canto of "Childe Harold," he produced a servile imitation in his '"ltaly," with this only exception—namely, that the spirit and feeling of the original were both most dili- Igently omitted in the copy. In his present drama of "A Record of the Pyramids," instead of measuring 'his strength with the illustrious Childe, he actually !enters the lists against iEschylus, and furnishes U 3 with a new view of Prometheus, whom he represents as an Egyptian patriot, existing at an age subsequent to the Pyramids, notwithstanding that poetic tradi tion—and who but our author would dream of dis turbing such a legend ?—records him to have lived in the very earliest and rudest periods of the world, cen turies before man had learned the art of making a brick, much less a Pyramid ! Again, the Prometheus of lEschylus was a god-like Titan—a dweller in the Indian Caucasus ; the Prometheus of Mr. Reade is an Egyp tian twaddler, who discourses common-places about freedom, &c., to the thick-skulled citizens of Mem phis. We protest against this new version of the most sublime and imaginative legend of antiquity. It is bad taste—to say the least of it—to tamper with a fable " covered with the awful hoar of innumerable ages." It was not thus that Shelley treated the sub ject. He took it as he found it, well knowing that any attempt to alter its character would have been an act of the grossest presumption... Had Mr. Reade evinced anything like sterling genius in his " Record of the Pyramids," we might perhaps have forgiven him for his hardihood in venturing to disturb our faith in the Prometheus of ./Eschylus ; but, alas, on perusing his drama, we can detect nothing like poetic inspiration ; much melody of versification there undoubtedly is, and not a few graceful and highly-wrought images ; but the "vision and the faculty divine " are wholly wanting ; and many of the best thoughts, sometimes even the very words, may be traced to the pages of Byron. Our author, in fact, is merely a dexterous imitator, alive to the mechan ism, but dead to the inspiration, of his art. He has a taste, but not a genius, for the poetic, and mistakes his tinsel for gold, simply because it has a similar glitter. From his preface, it is evident that he con siders himself a singing bird of the very h'ghest order, for, in speaking of one of his poems, he says, " I re solved to publish my book ; I knew the reality of the truths which I had embodied; I felt that I was sup ported by them ; that they would live of them selves as such, if once recorded in print, and heard among the few. I then receded from all further effort, and returned to my seclusion, as quietly confident of results, as if they had al• ready happened." This tone of cool assurance is exceedingly amusing—especially when we bear in mind that the poem to which the author alludes, is already forgotten, or, if remembered, remembered only as a mere faint echo of " Childe Harold." As for his " truths," on which he lays such stress, our objection is, that his works contain no " truths " at all ; that they are nothing more than adroit specimens of versification devoid of thought, but abounding in elegancies of diction. It is not a little singular that in his elaborate preface Mr. Reade twice quotes from Latin authors, and that in one of his quotations he turns verse into prose, and in the other leaves out the very word that gives its emphasis to the line. Thus in the famous sentiment of Terence, " Homo sum, nihil huntani ame alienum puto," he actually omits the word " humani," without which the sentence has little or no meaning ; and in the passage from Horace, si vis me flere, dolendum est Primum ipsi tibi." He substitutes "sit" for "est," thereby violating the metre equally with thi grammar. But indeed Mr. Reade is by no means remarkable for grammatical accuracy—such considerations are beneath the dignity of genius !—for, alluding to the vocation of the poet, he says, " the sense of the duty of his mission will lay on him with the obligation of a moral law." We should not omit to add that the "Record of the Pyra mids" is dedicated to Sir Robert Peel, - who, our author seems to think, bears an extraordinary resem blance to Prometheus The Income-tax is certainly a very Promethean species of impost ! THE LIFE AND LABOURS OF ADAM CLARKE. Longman, London, 1842. There is much that is exceedingly interesting in this biographical sketch of Dr. Adam Clarke, who was one of the most learned men of his day, and by far the most influential preacher. among the Wesleyan class of Dissenters. Unlike the celebrated Colonel Gardener, and many others who have afterwards been distinguished by their strict devotional habits, Dr. Clarke's religious im pressions were formed early in life, and remained with him in unabated force down to the close of his long, useful, and honourable career. As a preFher, he was remarkable for the fervour of his manner, and the simple, but emphatic eloquence of his style ; and produced effects on his congregations second only to those produced by his celebrated predecessor, John Wesley. Yet he never made the slightest prepara tion for his sermons—never knew beforehand one single 'sentence that he should utter; notwithstand ing which his discourses, we are assured, seldom occupied less than one hour in the delivery, and sometimes they occupied as much as two. His son thus describes his father's preaching :—" The appearance of my father, and his pulpit this--te would s ee a person b eff iy ec b t e , w so h m il e e th in in t g he like upon a stranger would pro of no particular mark, except that time had turned his hair to silver, and the calmness of fixed devotion gave solemnity to his appearance. He spreads his Bible before him, and opening his hymn-book, reads forth in a clear, distinct, full voice, a few verses, after the singing of which he offers up a short prayer, which is immediately felt to be addressed to the majesty of Heaven. The text is proclaimed, and the discourse is begun. My father hardly ever wrote a line as a preparation for preaching. I have now in my possesion a s li p o f paper, about three inches long by one wide, containing the first words of a number of texts, and this wa s th e sole list of memoranda on which he preached seven occasional sermons in various parts of the country. He never entered the pulpit but with diffidence, and with almost a painful sensation of his responsibility as a messenger of the Gospel of Christ Jesus." Doctor Clarke was born in the obscure village of Moybeg, in the county of Londonderry , somewhere about 17 60, and died of malignant cholera at Bayswater, in the August of 1832. THE BOOK OF THE BASTILES. By G. B. IVythen Baxter, Author of " Humour and Pathos," V. —Stephens, London. This is a most wonderful production, and will spread the fame of the author far and wide. It extends to 609 pages in imperial octavo, is beautifully bound, and contains no less than 2,870 extracts from anti-bastile speeches, and newspaper articles ; thus, taking into account letters and encomiums on the author, adducing atleast 5,000 witnesses against the atrocious government of the Somerst House Bashaws. The work is embellished by a full-length portrait of Mr. Baxter. The countenance evinces great intelligence, and, at the same time that kind, merciful, a n d generous disposition, which would lead any person of common observation to say, on the first glance, this is just the man to fa ce th e tyrants—" bonum verum facile crederes, mag num lib en ter." He is, besides, come of a good race, being, according to his own account, a lineal descendant of the great Richard Baxter, author of th e " Sa i n t' s Rest," and other valuable works, thus verifying the words of the heathen poet— " Fortes creantur fortibus et bonis, Est in juvemis est in equis patrum , Virtus." But we will leave the r ea d er t o judge for himself, by giving a fe3v extracts. The lying Guardians of Hereford had the impudence to advertise a table , setting forth the great sav ing which has occurred since the introduction of the new Poor-law in those parts. Mark how they are put down, at once by facts and figures 1. R ece ived of Mr. Baxter, poor rates for the parish of St. Martin, in the city or Hereford, made the 9th of May, 1833, 4s. Signed Charles Lucy, ass.-overseer. 2. Parish of St. Mar tin, Hereford—Recd., the 29th of February,. 1841, of Messrs. Baxters,_ 9s. 71d. Lemuel Llewellyn, collr."— thus proving that the:poor-rates, in place of being diminished, have been more than doubled by the new law. No answer was given to this " matter-of-fact statement, and the author, therefore, with becoming indignation, castigates the parish functionaries in the following sarcastic strain :—" It is needless to say the challenge throWn dow n i n this letter was not accept ed; it looked too much like work for the capacities of the Hereford Guardians ( vel geese), and they, with tears in their eyes and on their bende4 drumsticks, piteously implored ' Hold, enough In a word, they could no more look on it again ; they dared not, but, with a snivel, confessed that their belly was full—they had had their gruel. But what the Hereford Board feared to do (i. e. to prove truth to be a lie), that the Ledbury Board dared to undertake. Yes, the pauper warriors of lewd, licentious, liberal Ledbury, stepped into the rescue of their Malthusian brethi•en of the city of the mile. Qn the 16th of March, 1841, the Chairman of the Ledbury Board, a clerk of no im portance, having previously hail an with the Assistant-Commissioner of the district, who, under promise of marriage —no; but under promise of sousing him up to his great red ears in the grease of a fat living, had seduced and crammed him, was sud denly taken in labour of a praise -bare-bones poor-law speech, and was delivered of the same (the aforesaid Assistant-Commissioner acting as man-midwife), in the presence of the assembled billy and bearded goats, Guardians of the Ledbury Union. Brave Guardians (vel geese) of Hereford, who have suffered many times and oft from Baxter's lash, turn to him, the Chairman of the Ledbury Board, who has thus so kindly kissed your parts and made them well." With what delicacy and tact he points out the very spot where his lash had inflicted the red gushing wound ! The descrip • tion altogether is powerful and graphic in the extreme, and reminds us of Brougham in his best days, when painting to his astonished hearers the sufferings of naked black women under the whip of a merciless and shameless negro-driver. The author, however, does not confine himself to this style of writing. At times he is tender and plaintive, embodies his thoughts and fancies in the most rich and mellifluous language, and surpasses even the silvery-toned Wilberforce, or the voluptuous Jean Jacques Rousseau. What, for in stance, can exceed in these respects his description of an author's dreams? " Oh, the day dreams of an author ! and oh, the night dreams ! (Having painted the day dreams, which are rather common-place, he thus launches forth in strains which, though in prose, possess all the highest attributes of poetry). " Such his day dreams, often, often realised, and his night ones—his, when he sleeps—his, for beautiful fair ones, girls of heaven, houris and angels, yet passionate and female still, with rounded, rosy limbs—the blissful visions of his own lovely imagination, to bend o'er his slumbers, and, in delicious abandonment, play with and twine round their small taper fingers his long flowing hair, and with their mouths, pouting with vermillion bloom, kiss—" but we can go no further— the picture is too powerful to behold ; the sweetest of all Roman poets, Ovidius Naso, falls far short of this even in the sweetest of all his elegies, that begin ning with " /Estus erat, mediamque dies exegerat boram ; Adposui medio membra levanda toro." If the author will swear that he has not com mitted an act of pla g iarism, or even give his s i m pl e affirmation that he has not read the ode, or merely say that he has not taken the idea of " rounded, rosy limbs" and something else, from two other lines, he ought to be ranked as the first of living poets. These lines are— " Quos humeros, quales vidi tetigique lacertos ! Quantum et quale bins ; quam juvenile femur." _ . But reader, mark how the language changes when Mr. Baxter describes another bed-scene ; namely, that in which a young thief of two-and-twenty sur prises Mr. Chadwick snoring in bed at one in the morning, and the Poor-law Commissioners also, for we are led to infer from the word " nightcaps" that the worthy secretary is not alone. " N either should I calculate," says the author, " knowing your peace able temperatures, would you sneeze at such circum stances as some young thief of two-and-twenty, or thereabouts, waylaying, you at your front doors, or Ivhen returning homewards, from your country walks, laden with cowslips and long purples,' or as you paced the gas-lighted streets of London, contem plating and smiling on the passing odalisques, with their scarce petticoats ; or as you lay prone, (the bell then beating one') playing pigs' overtures, with variations, in your beds and blankets, —for the self-same modest gentleman to stand over your nightcaps, and with strange oaths' and sig nificant curses, flourishing right and left his damned double-barrelled swords, and cut and thrust pistols,' ease you of a greater quantity than would be con venient of your L.S.D. The initials are read back wards, according to the custom of the Jews, and mean damned starvation ledgers.' " We suspect, however, that our author has carried the joke a little too far. Mr. Richard Martin made Blackwood, on his " bended drumsticks," beg pardon for allowing Christopher North to say, " why don't the Smithfield drovers kill him ?" and here Mr. Baxter encourages young blackguards of twenty-two, and thereabouts, to commit burglaries in Somerset House,and perhaps murder both the Poor-law Commissioners and their poor Secretary, at one fell swoop. But we must come to a close, and rest satisfied with two more short extracts—the one in prose, and the other in verse, describing in nervous and appropriate language, the horrors which the Bishop of London, the Somerset House despots, and the base Whigs, have caused by the erection, not of one bastile, like the King of France, but of hundreds throughout the country. The first is from an Invocation, by the author of " Humour and Pathos," " Don Juan, Junior," &c. to the people of England, calling upon them to come forward and raise subscriptions for Mr. Oastler. " Yes, Richard Oastler, because he dared be honest, dared be honourable, dared be humane, dared be rcgious, dared shield you and yours from the painless extinction' of Marcus,' starvation, poisoned skillies, coarser food,' dungeons, sabre-cuts, and hall-cartridges ; because dared— when all hands were against you and all hearts —step nobly forward, and with the eloquence of a god, de clare that your wives, sisters, and daughters, as vir tuous as they (the man-slayers and women-quellers of the bastiles), yea, more so than many of the satin-clad and diamond-gemmed wives, sisters, and daughters—(vide the crim. con. trials)—of my lords . and gentlemen,' should not be handed over an unauthorised prey to lust and brutality—that your children, your ' pretty ones,' should not be torn from your bosoms, and by Societies, miscalled Friendly,' transported thousands of miles across the deep waters to distant colonies ; that your limbs should not be tied up and manacled, if at any time, in the bastile prisons, you happened to converse with your wretched relatives and friends ; that the bodies of your mur • dered dead should not, without the decent ceremonial of book, - bell, and pall, be trundled into an un consecrated hole, like deceased dogs, cats, rats, and stots." 'We can excuse this strong language, if Mr. Baxter knows or believes that such things are done in - his part of the country, but we have always understood that those who died in'Work houses were buried according to the rites of the Church . of England—that . the beautiful service for the burial of the dead was duly performed, and never heard that ropes or manacles were used to restrain the inmates, liked esperate malefactors. If such deeds are committed in any union, or if the chaplain is al lowed to neglect his duty, as here described, Mr. Baxter would confer great benefit on the poor by lay ing the facts, properly authenticated, before Parliam ment. We warrant him the Hereford Guardians would not be allowed to commit such acts of abomi- nation with impunity. The last extract is in verse (for Mr. Baxter is a poet also), taken from a work of his, entitled " Don Juan, Junior," and here we cannot help expressing our surprise that a descendant of that pious man, Richard Baxter, should read such books as Byron's " Don Juan," and Ovid's " Art of of Love." We give the lines, however, without fur ther comment on that point, and merely call the at tention of the reader to the powerful effect of the second and sixth. The second, in particular, exhi bits in perfection that wonderful quality which only great poets possess—namely, the faculty of making the sound an echo to th e sense . N o one can rea d it without a gnashing of the teeth and an involuntary shudder for the sufferings of those subjected to the terrible engine. The author informs us that Mr. Oastler took it as a ".top piece" for his Anti-New Poor-law letters. AN ANTI-POOR-LAW TOP-KNOT. " It's a pity 'tis pass'd, that pauper wo ! So rife with murder, poisonings, hearts broke—rack ! Authors of England why are ye so slow ? Gentlemen of England why are ye so slack ? Awake ! arise ! expose ! ward off the blow, Ere yet it comes down thundering on your back— Let its cruelties continue, and grow like weeds, And, I can only say, look to your title-deeds." We thus take leave of Mr. Baxter, and seize this opportunity of expressing great regret that his valua ble work had so long escaped the notice it deserved. It lay all but a " sealed book," among many others of a very different kind which had been duly honoured, and might have remained there for months had not our attention been roused by a short, but powerful letter which only such a writer could indite. May he be rewarded for his labours ! "Macte nova virtute, peer, sic itur ad astra." FOX'S BOOK OF MARTYRS. Part 12. Virtue, London, 1842. A new edition, in cheap monthly parts, of a work once highly popular, but scarcely worthy of republica tion, from its uniformly painful, and even repulsive character. CARPMA EL ON THE LAW OF PATENTS The best panegyric on Mr. Carpmael's hook ap pears on his own frontispiece, whereby the public demand for his work has already caused it to arrive at a third edition. The branch of law on which it treats, unsatisfactory and insecure as it was of late years, has by more recent decisions in our law and equity courts, assumed validity and importance, as suring security, prote c ti on , an d recompense to the ingenuity of inventors. Twenty-one years appear to have been the original term granted to patentees by the Crown, as an exc l us i ve privilege for their origi nation of new manufactures ; but, after the reign of James 1., this term was abridged to fourteen years, is consequence of abuses. By 'careful specification and right entitlement now, there can he no liability of failure on the part of patentees at present. The dictum of Lord Tenterden set the honourable quali fications of the patentee in their true light ; " the, man," said his Lordship, " who makes an experiment with a new material that is successful, though it is for a purpose that is old, though it be with a view to pro duce that which has been produced before, is entitled to the protection of the Crown and to the thanks of the public." To the recommendation that a com mission of scientific persons should ordinarily from '.judge and jury for the adjudication of patent rights, :‘Tr. stak ,, a "`.etion P7.fir colourable ; h e a l so appr i ses hi s readers of a recent decision, by which an inventor, intending to take patents in England, Scotland, and Ireland, must have them all sealed before putting the invention into public use, and before enrolling the specification in either country ; so that an invention, being in public use in England before the sealing of a patent in Scotland, renders the Scotch patent void ;—of this patentees will make due observance. In conclusion, we have to advise Mr. Carpmael's book as one highly valuable to all more or less interested in patents. REGISTRATION OF DESIGNS, IN ORDER TO SECURE COPYRIGHTS. The object of this sixpenny pamphlet is to elucidate the sections of the last and preceding Parliamentary Acts relative to the registration of designs ; and it carries out its purport in a commendable and twofold manner by pointing out not only the true and un mistakeable sense of their divers clauses, but also the erroneous constructions which have been put upon them, thereby to guard against untoward repetition, or committal of the same. FLANDERS MAIL. BRUSSELS, MAY 6.—M. Bothori, who has just Com pleted a carriage which moves alone withont steam, with galvanism, and without horses, set out a week ago to fetch the two millions in silver, which Rothschild has promised him if he will bring them from Paris to Brussels with his carriage in fifteen hours. He is ex pected at seven o'clock on Sunday evening at the An derlecht gate. The Commissioners sent from Brussels for the pur pose of examining into the practicability of founding a colony in Brazil, have arrived at Rio de Janeiro. Let ters received at Antwerp state that they were favourably received by the Congress of Brazil, which seems disposed to grant the society all the concessions that it can desire. BELGIAN h UNDS—BRUsSELS, MAY 6. Actual Debt, 2% per Cent. Rothschild's Loan, 5 per Crait /03% Loan ofThirty Millions, 4 per Cent. P3% 3 per Cent. 72% (1840) lO5 Loan of City, 1"32, 4 per Cent Socletyef Cornmorce, 4 per Cent F4I Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent ............. National Society Exchange on Londe (short) - --Brussels Papers, May 6. AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—VIENNA, APRIL 28. Fiyeper Cants. Metalliques • lOB% Four per Cents . Three per Cents. Bank Shares EXCHANGES ON LONDON. HAMBURGH, MAY 3.-13 1. , 56, Two months 13 81. PETERSBURG, APRIL r . 2.--Three months. 37 31-3 pence. STOCKHOLM, APRIL 26. Seyenty.rlve days, 12 12. PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—BERLIN; APRIL 30. Bills. Money. St. Schuld Sch., 4 per cent. Prussian English Bond , 1530, 1 per cent. 11)34 102% Enchange on London Prussian State Gazette, May 1. Th i rty .seve a THE EMPEROR OF RUSSIA, THE RUSSIAN NOBILITY, AND TIIE SERF POPU LATION OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE. We publish subjoined a document of much importance— namely, an ukase of the Emperor of Russia for ameliorating the condition of the serf population of has empire. We give at. the same time an order of tho Minister of the Interior, and a circular letter of the Grand Master of Police, accompanying the ukase, modifying and limiting the sense of the Imperial edict. An apparent contradiction is evident in the text of those documents. It seems as if the benevolent intentions of the Emperor were arrested almost on the point of execution, by an after thought of policy, forced upon him by unseen obstacles which had arisen. We are enabled, however, by a communi cation from Vienna, of a confidential and important nature, to explain this seeming inconsistency. We are told that the Emperor of Russia, having resolved to liberate, in one sweeping act, the immense portion of the po pulation of his empire born in a state of servitude, lately called together the Council of State, for the purpose of making his intentions known. The proposition was received by the sub servient portion of the Council with satisfaction ; but the old and powerful nobility present declared that such an act was tantamount to a revolution—that it endangered their lives and properties, and that, in honour and conscience, they could not adopt it. The Council separated without any decision being taken, and the utmost secrecy was for some time preserved on the subject. But a matter so important to all the great interests of the nobility and inferior classes could not long be suppressed, and at length the public became alarmed with reports relative to the Emperor's intentions. The old nobility (whose fathers have heretofore proved what desperate expediencies they were capable of resorti ng t o , when their interests were affected by the Imperial will,) assumed atone, almost amounting to menace, against the Emperor, while, on the other hand, the liberal portion of that class, supported by popular opinion, openly avowed their approbation of the Autocrat's conduct. In this state of things the Emperor was forced to compro mise, and, unwilling either to give up his favourite project, or to have the appearance of yielding to the clamour of the old nobility, he issued the ukase above alluded to fur the modi fication of the condition of the serfs, accompanied at the same time by an order of the police, explaining it in a manner cal culated to satisfy the apprehensions of the opposition. The question now remains in this rather uncertain position. The violent and headstrong character of the Emperor, who is never known to recede from any resolution deliberately formed, gives reasons to believe that he will proceed to other and more decided acts, while the deeply-rooted prejudices of the nobility, who are equally reckless in their resolves, may lead them, rather than submit, to make such a resistance as might be fatal to the Emperor. Viewing this subject in all its bearings, it is one of great im portanceond neither the Revolution of 1830 in France, nor the Reform Act in this country, have led to the serious conse quences which may arise from further agitation of it. We need only add that our information on this matter is drawn from the best and most authentic sources. UKASE TO THE DIRECTING SENATE. In the ukase of his Majesty to the Directing Senate, dated 2d of April of thi s year, a n d si gne d w i t h hi s own hand, it is said The articles 440 and 457 of paragraph 9 in the code of laws, fixes the regulations according to which seigneurs are alit:wed to convert their serfs into free labourers, in making over to them in full property seignorial lands, in consideration of certain reciprocal advantages to be specified in special con tracts. But, willing, in the interest of the State that these feudal lands, one of the privileges of the nobility, and which are engaged by contract, be guaranteed from all that might endanger property belonging to the nobility, we have thought proper, by interpreting article 442, paragraph 9of the code of laws, to concede to the seigneurs who should be disposed to conclude with their peasantry contracts based on the said ar ticle, and this without prejudice to the interests of the labour ing peasantry, to concede to them the right of supremacy over the lands thus conceded. And we order that all peasants who shall receive portions of the said feudal lands to recognise this supremacy. Wherefore we have decided that all contracts passed by mutual consent between the seigneurs and their peasantry shall be.based on the following dispositions, which have been examined in the Council of the empire, and sanc tioned by us . " 1. The tenure of the peasant to the seigneur can be regu lated in the contracts by money arising from the produce of the land, or from any other kind of industry. "2. Should the peasant refuse to fulfil the conditions of the contract which they have accepted, they shall be compelled thereto by the local police, under the guarantee of the head of the nobility of the distict, and under the superintendence of the Government authorities. "3. The peasants who shall have entered into contracts with their seigneurs shall henceforward bear the denomination of peasants who have obligations to fulfil.' "4. In as far as these peasants are concerned, the recruiting service shall follow the rotation laid down by the ordonnances for that service. "5. With respect to the support of the Greniers d' Abon dances (depots for grain), and the assistance to be given in case of fire, which are at the charge of the free peasants, under the direction of their seigneurs, if the latter refuse to take upon them this responsibility, the obligation shall be ful filled by the nearest authorities. "6. The seigneurs shall organise among the labouring pea santry a local administration, and shall have the high police. " s. As for the contracts to conclude with the peasants who belong to the properties engaged with the banks of the empire, if the intention of the seigneurs these properties in pledge, they must obtain the consent of the bank before passing a contract. "8. The seigneurs and the labouring peasants, who will have been liberated, are to consider the contracts passed between them as indissoluble, each, however, keeping the right to change certain clauses of it in case the property should be engaged to the banks of the Crown. These ch arges mus t b e guaranteed by those banks. "9. The contracts entered into according to the above dis positions shall be drawn upon stamped paper of the fourth class, and submitted for our sanction and signature according to law. "10. The directing Senate is entrusted with the carrying into effect of this ukase." " The next document is from the Minister of the Interior, dated April 2, 1842, addressed to the head of the police at St. Petersburgh. The Minister, in forwarding the above ukase, says that the object of it is to determine the nature of the te nure of the peasantry in the contracts they will form with their seigneurs, but that the lands remain, as heretofore, the lands of the nobility. From hence it clearly results, that the relations which exist between the seigneurs and the peasants, with whom no contract should have been concluded, remain the same as ever, and experience no change. All this is ex plained in the terms of the ukase, and it must be understood in that spirit. If the Emperor had had any other view he would have openly declared it. As he has not done so, to seek in the imperial ukase, or to persuade others that it can bear any other signification, would be a great crime, since it will be acting against the will of our Sovereign. " His Majesty therefore orders to all military and civil Governors to watch with care that no false interpretation be given to the present ukase, such, for instance, as the freedom of all peasantry. If among any class should be found evil-dis • posed persons, spreading false and dangerous intelligence to delude the people, they are to be arrested and punished with all the rigour of the law. " They are equally to take care that the peasants remain in the same subserviency to the legitimate power of their seigneurs. If any should prove contumacious, they are to be brought back to their duty by mild means and persuasion, and in failure of this by the rigour of the law. (Signed) " PEROWSKY." "To this letter is subjoined an order from the Grand Master of the Police, aide-de-camp of the Emperor, prescribing to the masters of police to give their utmost attention to pre vent any false interpretations and false reports that may be spread about on the imperial intentions as manifested in the above ukase. (Signed) "CACOCHEKINE, Grand. Master of Police." A WOMAN KILLED BY A Cow.—An inquest was held on Tuesday before P. F. Curry. Esq., Coroner, to in quire touching the circumstances which led to the death of Charlotte Robinson. The deceased was the wife of I-lenry Robinson, a landing waiter, belonging to the Customs of this port, and residing at Salisbury-terrace, Old Swan. She was 65 years old. Her death was occasioned by an attack "rom a cow, which rushed upon her as she was passing along London-road, on Saturday afternoon last. The cow tossed her in the air, and caused concussion of the brain, whereqf she died on Sunday evening. The deceased, it ap peared from the evidence, was a short distance in advance of the cow, which rushed forward, put down its head, and threw her up. She fell head foremost on the foot-walk. The cow did not appear to be a wild one. The height from which she fell was six or seven feet. The man who drove the cow did not appear to be blameable. The jury found a verdict ac cordant with the evidence; th a t t h e d ecease d had, by misfor tune, been tossed by a cow, which caused a mortal concussion of the brain, of which she died.—Liverpool Chronicle. INFANT ORPHAN ASYLUM. , We hal'e Fetch pinliire in cal!inr.r the iffeiiti-Ti cs' our readers to the merits of this interetitiw , charity, whose advertisement a pp eare d i n Th e S un of' Saturday. Ilis Grace the Duke of Wellington has been induced, by its urgent claims, to undertake to pr e sid e a t th e ann i versar y dinner on Wednesday next, at Stationers'-hall, and we sincerely trust th e exert i ons o f t h e Stewards will b e . crowned with the success which such a cause so eminently deserves. The following extracts from a circular issued by the Committee, in connexion with the erection of the new Asylum at Wanstead, wilt not only exhibit the na ture and utility of the ch ar ity, b u t a l so , we h ope, secure . that measure of public sympathy and support which is so much required to sustain the managers in their important charge : " The charity has been instituted fourteen years. It receives the infant orphan only, and there is none other of its kind. Its purpose is to board, clothe, nurse, and educate these children until after seven years of age, when they are eligible for admission to other institutions. One hundred and eighty-five of this class of orphans are now on the establishment, among them are the children of clergymen, of officers in the army and navy, of mer chants (once in affluence), and other respectable classes. The elections are held half-yearly, and the admissions are upwards of fifty annually. Not only does so young a family, all under seven years of age, give much more trouble,_ and bring greater ex p ense th an e ld er ch i ldren ; but, what at first may not be.so evident, is an important fact, that they require much more room for their healthy accommodation. For this purpose the Committee have. been obliged to add house to house, till they find them selves in possession of not less than three, and still re- , quiring greater space." And again—" We trust that the great importance of the subject will not only be deemed an adequate apology , for this appeal, but that it may dispose you candidly and generously to consider how you may best respond to it. Let it still be remembered that the object is great, and ''' that it requires earnest and united effort. That we are proposing to raise an institution which, by its magnitude and readiness to receive all, without regard to place, will take a national character ; that it is for the orphan, de- I , prived of his natural g uar di ans ; t h at i t i s for the infant 3:. orphan, the most needy and unhappy of his class, for I ‘ which public charity has done nothing ; that it is, there* fore, not a rival, but a supplement to other excel.- lent charities ; and that it proposes to shed its parent-like protection, for ages to come, over 0 thousands of fatherless and motherless children. Is not this the highest walk of charity ? Does not the ~ Divine Provid ence seem to permit such occasions, thall '', we may imitate its own benignity ? Can religion find a. , e better expression, than thus to visit the fatherless and ., ` / Widows in their affliction ? Can wealth find abetter ger-. . vice than to provide for their need, and soothe their sorrows ? Can the heart know a sweeter return, than is found in the widow's blessing and the orphan's prayer ? Can Christianity herself be more honoured and served, - than by showing that she provides for both worlds—that ~ where she erects the Church, she also raises the hospi-'''' tat—that she consults man's two-fold nature and total., happiness --and that she passes over our sad and sinful world, like an angel from heaven, breathing hope "and' promise for " the life that now is, and for that which is to come ?" PORTUGAL. FALMOUTH, MAY 6.—The Tagus steamer arrived here this evening with the Peninsular mails, and after landing them proceeded to Southampton. The packet Linnet sailed this evening for the Brazils. The Bremen brigantine, Wilhelmine and Sophie, arrived here to-day from Rio de Janeiro for orders, with a full cargo of coffee. She sailed on the lst of March. This vessel has landed letters. We cannot learn anything new from the captain. Exchange was 281 to '1 he Pigeon packet from England was daily looked for. On the Bth ult., in lat. 12 deg 16 min. long. 41 deg. 7 min., spoke the Guernsey Lily, of Jersey, from Rio de Janiero from the Channel for orders, • Yesterday, in lat. 49i deg. long. 70 deg. 50 min. spoke the American packet ship Francois, from Havre for New York, beating to windward. Lisnoss, MAY 2.—Tke parties opposed to a commercial treaty with England are endeavouring to rouse public feeling against it, but without much success ; a few petitions from in- . • dividuals interested in manufactories will, no doubt, be pre sented against any reduction of duties imposed by way of pro... tection to their interests; but the object sought for by our Government is believed to be quite compatible with reasonable protection to the few articles that are manufactured - to any extent in Portugal, and the absolute necessity of relieving the wine interests is felt too strongly and generally to admit of AO Government here yielding to senseless clamours against the projected arrangements, by which, if liberally carried out, the staple interests of Portugal will be so large gainers. The French Minister, M. de Varennes, had an interview. a day or two since, with the Duke of Terceira, and expended - a great deal of eloquence in endeavouring to dissuade the Duke from consenting to a treaty with England, observing, that it would be strange if isortugal, after having succeeded in a great measure in freeing herself from the shackles of England. were again voluntarily to put them on, &c., &c. It is said that the only remark that fell from the Duke of Terceira was Voulez vous fumer un eigare ? " In 1837, when the Ministry, of which Castro Pereira was a member, and over which Dias de Oliveira presided, was bard up, and driven to its wit's end to sustain the revolution of • September, a French loan was proposed, coupled with a treaty, by which Portugal would have virtually ceded her islands sod colonies to a French company. The project • was stopped is *:‘, limine by Baron T o j a l, t h en fi nance minister, who; when was brought forwaru by Dias de Oliveira, declared that a int" nister who should sign it deserved to be hung. The following ' were the principal articles : The loan to b e f or 20 m il l i ons of crusades, nominal wto capita l . ss for which fiv e p er cent . stock was to be given : the loan,. be taken at 48, an d wou ld t h erefore have produced 9,0r-""'000 crusados, or 960,000/. sterling ; but from this vias to be de ducted two yea rs ' i n t erest, at f i ve per cent. on the nomina " capital, equal to 200,000/. ; and three per cent. commission oo the whole loan, or 60,000/. more, making the sum to be re ceived by Portual only 700,0001., to be paid in instalments as might be agreed upon, for which she would have to pal 100,000/. per annum, secured upon the revenues of Madeira. and other islands • an agent of the C ompany b e i ng empowere d to reside there and receive the same; and in case those reve nues should not suffice, the Portuguese Government was to set aside some other funds for the specific purpose of making up the deficiency. So much for the loan itself. Now for the other part of the project. The trade of the colonies and island' is ceded for twenty years to the Company. Then follows an exact catalogue of every island, colsmp • port, or other possession, held or claimed by Portngal Eastern or Western Africa and the seas adjoining, including the Cape de Verdes, Madeira, the Azores, &c. By the 10th article it is declared that the ships of the Corn' pany trading to all the above islands, ports, &c,, shall be pots on the sam e f oo ti ng a; nat i ona l vessels, both as to imports and . exports, and shall b e exempte d f rom all duties on the merchan-• ditie imparted and exported. The Company to have a depot in Lisbon, and the good S entering or going out to be subject to no duties, except they were for consumption in Lisbon, when the regular duties on consumption were t o be. paid. If th e C ompany, instead ot , bringing colonial produce, &c. to the depot at Lisbon, pre' ferred carrying it direct to any other destination, a duty of two per cent. on the cost price to be paid by them in such case. , The treaty to be ratified by the Chamber ; and in case its coo.' • ditions were not complied with by the Government, the Coro" * 4 t• any to receive an indemnity equivalent to any less thereby iii accruing. At a time when F renc h i ntr i gue is employed to defeat ear ~f treaty, founded on strict reciprocity, it is not irrelevant to refer to the above one-sided project, and see how Portuguese sikl poverty would have been dealt with by French diplomacy. 1 .. understand that Bar o n L agos ' s proposals, although outvoted in Id the Council of State, were postponed for further information!, and not altogeth er re j ecte d . I t appears that the opinions o f ./1": the Councillors present were equally divided, the Duke of Pei: mella, with the Patriarch, the Duke of Terceira, being viewed as favourable to the plan, which was strongly opposed by Senhor R. F. Magalhaes, and objected to also by Senhor J. da S. Carvalho and -Count Villa Real. The Queen asked very judi ciously, from what source the funds were to come to pay the increase of dividend, supposing the creditors fell in with the' proposition of exchanging thei r b on d s f or P ortuguese Four per 1)•1 Cent. Stock ?It appears th a t B aron T o j al ' s explanations were , not entirely satisfactory, and the Duke of Palmella declared himself not convinced of the feasibility of the scheme, w hich o s was therefore postponed. It is quite out of the question that any additional charge can be met with the present resources of the Government. Baron Tojal has some schemes of his own for increasing the revenue, which have yet to 'se developed'. and, in case a considerable increase could be effected, the ques tion would then assume a different shape ; but before the nevf scheme of conversion can be considered feasible, the requisite Et, endowment ought first to be provided and secured beyond it doubt. -t 1 The list of new Peers is daily expected to come out. The definitive choice of the Queen has not yet been made. The Government has not made it a Ministerial question. Senhor J. da Silva Carvalho will, it is said, be one of the new Peers. The 29th ult., Friday, was kept as a holiday, it being the au' niversary of the charter being decreed by Don Pedro. 3 he - Queen held a levee, which was numerously attended. Severna", hundred naval and military officers dined together in the gre cel=lo ai °it rt. °, 4l room of the Naval A rsena l on t h e occas i on, the Duke of ceira presiding. The comman d ers an d some of the officere, n , the Indus and Ly nx an d t h e F renc h corvette were invitee._ the dinner, which comm ence d a t f our an d terminated' at su4 e.ar., the whole assemblage going to San Carlos theatre alter the dinner. The Roeio, now called Praca de Pedro, k en g illuminated at night b y su b scr i pt i on. The Treasury, w hic h stood at the ;arth side of th e square, was destroyed by fi re ;. '- 1836, but its walls are still standing, and the windows we ft ' . filled up with transparencies, and surrounded with severaltewei of limps, and an ill um i nated portrait of the Queen Per' in the cent re o f a star of lamps in front of the buildi ng. 1 " e idea of illuminating a ruined building, and particularly a ruined treasury, seems rat h er a singular one, but the eff e ct o f the illu mination was to all outward appearance brilliant enough. .Messrs. Alexander and Wan, two members of the Costa mittee of the British Anti-Slavery Society, who have been travelling in Spain to promote the Anti. Slavery cause, came here from Cadiz last week, and, having obtained letters of in troduction from Lord Howard de Walden to many of the most influential personages in Lisbon, have had an opportunity of impressing upon them the enormous evils of the slave trader and the importance of promoting the views of the Society with respect to its total abolition, as well as that of slavery itself. They proceed to England to-day by the Tagus steamer. SINGULAR CHIEF RENTS.—Some curiosity has been excited respecting an advertisement in this paper last• week for a sale of property in Over Alderley, inter alia, of ' , two , annual chief rents belonging to the demesne ; the one of a plat of gloves and Sd. payable by Lord Stanley, of Alderley, for a tenement or farm called Shaw Cross; the other of a red.rose• payable by Thomas Brocklehurst, E , q. of the Fence, for a tenement or farm called Fitton Town." A corresponde n t hag furnished us with the following particulars :—On the 19th of August, 1642, Francis Fitton, of Over Alderley, yeoman, e arns to the house of Francis Acton, in Over Alderley aforesaid, and then and there paint and delivered unto Thomas Acton, son a nd heir of said Francis, one red rose, for the use and behoof ofsaid Francis, in lieu of a chief rent which the said Francis Fitton should have paid at Midsummer then last, for his lands in Over Alderley, which he confessed he held of the said Francis Acton' And, again, on the 25th June, 1668, Robert No, bu r y, of Over Alderley, yeoman, came to the capital messuage of SSamuel, Acton, in Over Alderley, and th ere delivered unto Georg* , Massey one red rose, for the use of the said Samuel, in lieu 0 a chief rent payable yearly on M idsummer-day, for his lands ira Over Alderley, which were late the inheritance of Francis' Fitton, being always ack now l e d ged to be holden of the sag' `Samuell Acton and his ancestors. On the 14th August, 3 1, Charles 11. a fine was l ev i e d b etween parties therein named, (inter cilia). O ne pa i r o f white gloves and eightpene•rent, rn Over Ald e rl e y."—Macclesfield Courier. Mr. Joseph Tasker and Captain Britten had an inter' vlew with the Earl o Aberdeen on Saturday, at the Foreign-officc, on the subject of the claims of the holders ,:1' Treasury or Exchequer Bills of Spain. 1 111.. war Ti] ROAL G Thortuomi HIGH llornitig ..... ~~, ~P