The Sun. — London, England, 1861-08-27 00:00:00

"1 0 NEWSP , '.... #14.." , k., : . ... . -.. .. . .: ~.-c..% _ „. A 4 . _ . ...., tA _ . i ° 4r ' arl • ArA,, et , ..,., ~ . " ,' \ ~,, _ • l'r•- 5 , ----__.: ---•.. --,.----... \, - -- .i. ~, . , kIIOIIIM - 441 0 So 4.46 1 / 4 -4.4,. ETIP P.." . , ~,_ _,..j4 . , ~... rt ----.! ^,---,---- 914, ~ --f; •,, 'A - ~,,1.1 , „ - ~ • ... .* t' -- kr - k, 14.° ..(1.4,,1, ` ) RTT. ~,''' V' 4 "' ---f--- ' g, • /4„ 1 /..11' , ' \ ; 4- ~ ~, ~ .4 • . r;'; , .&e..T ,, e 1 ...,,....._1..._ „Airs ~.. ... ,±.;,.,• ---,.Y ' ''''' ' - - - APER 7,7, t 3 s / Z) "IN GIREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. NJ' CHEAP EXCURSION to SOUTH WALES and IRELAN D.—On MONDAY. the 2d September, an Excursion Tract will leave Paddington at 8.0 a.m., and Reading at 9.0 a.m., for CHEPSTOW, Newport, Cardiff, Bridgend, Port Talbot, Neath, Landore, Swansea, Llanelly, Carmarthen Junction, Narberth-road, Haverfordwest. Milford-road, New Milford, Waterford, and stations on the Waterford and Kil kenny and Waterford and Limerick Railways ; returning from South Wales Stations on Wednesday, Sept. 11. Passen gers to Ireland can return any day up to Wednesday, Sept. 18, by the 11 a.m. train fro: New Milford. -For fares and full particulars, see bills. federate pickets, by whom, after a brief gay, iity e permitted to pass on towards Fairfax. I know but liftle of what happened, except that the Prince saw General Beauregard and General Johnson, and slept at the quarters of the latter; that he examined the battlefield as far as the horrible odour would permit; and that he returned late on Friday even ing, pretty well satisfied that there was not much to choose between the two armies, but that the Federalists were on the whole the better of the two, and that he would take them for choice. General Beauregard did not make a very good impression on the Prince, it is said, although his French is natural to him as a New Orleans Creole. It is said by the people who can see a long way into milestones that the Prince will certainly propose an arbitration, and that his visit is made with the object of securing for France the position which would certainly be given to the power that might render an agreement possible. Mr. Seward not only exhibited an inclination to let the Prince go if he liked—he seemed to think it would not be possible to find any sound reasons to object to the expedition. Now,it strikes an outsider THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 27, 1861, N°. 21,577. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.-CHEAP EXCURSION to WORCESTER and MALVERN. — On SATURDAY, August 31, an EXCURSION TRAIN will leave Paddington at 3.30 p.m.. and Reading at 4.35 p.m., returning on Monday, Sept. 2, from Malvern at 4.30 p.m., and Worcester at 5.10 p.m. Fares, there and back :—Worcester, 129. and 6s. ; Malvern, 14s. and 79. Tickets will also be issued by this Train, enabling passengers to return by the Train leaving Malvern at 12.10 p.m., and Worcester at 12.45 p.m., any day up to Saturday, Sept. 7, inclusive. Fares :—Worces ter, 15s. and lOs ; Malvern, 16s. and 10s. 6d. PRICE 4d STAMPED sd PUBLICATIONS. TIER TERRIBLE COLLISION ON THE LONDON AND BRIGHTON RAILWAY. the station. They had been placed on boards, tressels, and tables, and covered with sheets and cloths. The jury were deeply affected at the :ghtfully mutilated condition of some of the bodies. The heads and faces of some of the de ceased had been smashed almost to a pulp, and the identification by feature was rendered impossible. Upon the assembling of the jury at the Town Hail tne following evidence was taken : The first witness was — William Lower, who said—My name is William Lower. I nm ' a bricklayer, and live at Liverpool street, Brighton. The deceased woman whom I have seen was my wife, and she was 47 or 48 years old. brains, and gather up an hour in a second. They are good steady pieces of human clockwork, but human machinery is a very different thing from _the machinery which you move by steam or by spring. They have their pace. If you exceed that pace the piece of human clockwork becomes disordered. The present terrible catastrophe is only the result of having tried the heads of signalmen too far ; it. has been an experiment how much they can do, how rapidly they can work with correctness, and they have broken down under it. able to improve a victory as the Confederates were, and even the possession of Richmond or of Washing ton would not enable the victors to dictate peace. It is all very well to talk of an army of 500,000 men• It is a large force; but, if it be, America is still larger than its action. A rapid development of the railroad system has left parts of America in which this war must be waged destitute of ordinary roads, and the difficulty of moving provisions and CAPTAIN MAYNE REID'S NEW NON" Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., A HERO IN SPITE OF HIMSELF. By Capt. MAYNE REID. From the French of Luis de Bellemare. Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street. GREAT WESTARN RAILWAY. On SATURDAY, August 31, an Excursion Train will leave Paddington at'3.3o p.m., and Reading at 4.35 p.m., for OYFORD (Cs. 6d. and 45.), Banbury (Bs. and 55.), Leamington and Warwick (10s. 6d. and 65.), Stratford-on-Avon and Bir mingham (12s. and is.), West Bromwich, Wednesbury, and Bilston (12s. 6d. and 7s. 6d.), and Wolverhampton (13s. and Bs.), returning at 5 p.m. on Monday, Sept. 2. Second Edition, in Bvo., price One Shilling, T HE VOLUNTEER IN THE FIELD. By Captain E. PALL IS E R , 82d R eg t . , an d C a pt a i n NANCLE, Royal Artillery. London : Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts. materiel is enormous in comparison with any part of Europe. Nor is the country fit for such marches as can be made across the steppes, as in India, or i❑ the open lands of Europe. Such roads as exist are generally cut deep in the soil, with high banks ; the land is covered with forest, and the cleared fields are filled with stumps fatal to horse or waggon. Then there are great rivers and mountain passes foodless and desolate. An army of 500,000 men scattered over the Southern frontier of the United Statcs, with its right extending down into Missouri on the borders of Arkansas and its left resting on Fortress Monroe represents a feeble chain, which could be GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. —On SUNDAY, Ist September, an Excursion Train will leave PADDINGTON at 8.45 a.m. for TAPLOW (fares 55., 3s. 6d., and 2s. ad ), Twyford, Henley, and Reading (ss. ad., 45., and 35.), Theale and Aldermaston (65., 4s. 6d., and Is. 3d.), Woolliampton, Thatcham, Newbury, Sint bury, and Hungerford (as. 64., 55., and 3s. 6d.), returning the same day, as per bills. Fourth Edition, price is., THE EAST INDIA GOVERNMENT 2 - GUARANTEE ON RAILWAYS EXPLAINED. Londan : W. H. Allen and Co., Leadenhall-street. that if the United States Government was angry with Great Britain for placing the Confederate States army on the footing of belligerents, and if it has always maintained that the troops of the Con federate States army, so called, are rebels, the visit of the heir to the Throne of France, minus one in THE PRESENT DISTRESS IN TRADE fully explained in J. GROSSMITH'S " GOVERNMENT UPON FIRST PRINCIPLES." The cause is there predicated of the monetary difficulties ex perienctxl in 1860. The Crisis is at hand. Anxiety in bus ness has now become the grim tortare. Purity of motive, intelligently exercised, must animate all Governments, or all is lost, All denominations of Constitutions are carefully examined in J. Grossmith's "Government upon First Prin ciples." GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY CHEAP EXCURSION TRAINS will leave London (King's-cross Station), on SATURDAY, 31st August, return ing on Wednesday, 4th September, as under : At 7.55 a.m. for Fares for Fares for the Double Journey. the Double Journey: Ist Class. Clos'dCar. Ist Class. Clos'dCar. Peterboro' l4s. Od. .. 7s. Od. Boston 168.0 d... Bs. Od. Stamford.. Lincoln ... Grantham. Horncamtle 18s . 4:41. . • 9s . 01 Notting- 1 15s Od. .. 7s. ed. Louth .... ham .—. Gt. Griras- 20s. Od. ..11s. Od. Holbeach ...165.0d. . , Bs. Od. by At 10.20 a.m. for Newark 15s. Od. .. 7s. 6d. Leeds .... Sheffield .. Bradford .. 20s. Od. ..10s. Od. 20s. Od. ..10e. On Barnsley.. 1 I I Halifax .. • • • • Doncaster lBs. 0d... Os. Od. York Wakefield ..20s. Od. ..10s. Od. Hull ... ..... 255. Od. ..12s. ed. CIfEAP EXCURSION TRAINS will also leave London (Ring's-cross Station), at 10.0 a.m , for HUDDERSFIELD, STALEYBRIDGE, MANCHESTER, and LIVERPOOL. Fares for the Double Journey. First Class. . 21s. I Closed Carriages.. 12s. 6d. On SATURDAY, 7th September, returning only on Wed nesday, 11th September. And for the same stations—Fares for the Double ./ourut77. First Class 37s. Closed Carriages.... 17s, On SATURDAY, 7th September, returning either on Wed nesday, 11th, or Saturday, 28th September. CHEAP EXCURSION TRAINS will leave LIVERPOOL, MANCHESTER, STALEYBRIGOE, and HUDDERS- F I ELD, for LONDON, on SATURDAY, 7th September, at similar Fares to the above. • Tickets for the Trains from London may be obtained on the two previous days to the running of each train, at King's cross Station ; Angel-street, St. Martin's-le-Grand ; 32, Regent's-c rcus ; and 264, Holborn ; and on the morning of the running of each Train at King's-cross Station only. • An early application for them is particularly requested. Further particulars given in Bills, to be obtained at King's cross, and principal stations, or at any of the Company's Re ceiring Offices in London. SEYMOUR CLARKE, General Manager. London, King's-cross Station, 17th August, 1861. DEBENT UR E S.-SCINDE RAILWAY COMPANY. The Directors are prepared to receive applications for DE BENTURES at par, bearing guaranteed interest at 5 per cent, per annum, for the purposes of the Indus Steam Flo tilla. The Debentures ar • for five years, and may be renewed for live years, at the same rate of interest. The Debentures may be converted into Indus Steam Flo tilla Capital Stock. at the option of the holder. Full particulars may be obtained at this office. THOMAS BURNELL, Sec. Scinde Railway Company, Gresham-house, Old Broad-street, Aug. 15, 1861. N ORWICH UNION LIFE INSURANCE SOCIETY. Instituted 1808. SECRETARY—Sir Samuel Bignold. _ _ The whole of the profits divided with the assured. Ample security offered by an accumulated Capit it of £2,000,000. One-half of the first five annual premiums may remain as a permanent charge upon policies granted for the whole du ration of life. The income of the Society is upwards of £237,000. The amount insured is ugwards of £5,078,000. Since Its commencement 32,7(10 policies have been issued, and £5,666,555 paid to the representatives of 6,854 deceased members. The bonuses may be applied at the option of the assured as follows : As a bonus added to the policy, or the amount may be re ceived at once—that is, its cash value—or it may be applied in reduction of the future annual premium. The rates of premium are lower than those of some offices by nearly 10 per cent., a benefit itself equivalent to an annual bonus. For prospectuses apply at' the Society's Offices, Surrey street, Norwich ; and 6, Crescent, Blackfriars, London. ROYAL INSURANCE COMPANY. HEAD OFFICES—Lombard-street London; and Royal Insurance Buildings, Liverpool. Branch Offices— ffanchester, Birmingham, Bristol, Leeds, Edinburgh, Glaffrow, and Dublin. EXTRACTS FROM THE REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1860. " The success of the Company, even in ite earliest years, received the marked attention, and elicited the surprised comments, of writers best acquainted with the history of In surance Companies. " Fire Premiums for 1860 EQUAL the Total Fire Premiums for the SEVEN YEARS 1845 to 1851. "Life Premiums for 1860 EXCFED the Entire Life Pre miums for the EIGHT Y "ARS ending 1852. "Purclia , e of Annuities in 1860 LARGELY EXCEEDS the similar receipt for the first TEN YEARS, 1845 to 1854. "This progress, it is believed, is unsurpassed, considering that it applies to each of the three branches of the business." FIRE BRANCH. " The Fire Branch has certain y shown no exhaustion dur ing the year 1860 of that impetus which had previously brought it to a position of the first magnitude among the Insurance Companies of the United Kingdom. The Fire Premiums in 1859 had advanced to the sum of £228,314 7s. 3d. In 1860 the amount of Fire Premiums has arrived at a sum of £202,977 19s. 11d., showing an increase of £34,663 12s. Bd., ex ceeding the large advance of the preceding year, so that in two years the Fire Revenue of the Company has been en h need by the enormous sum of £66,829 17s. sd. "The Parliamentary Report of Returns of Duty paid to Government for the year 1860 exhibits the augmentation of the business in a more prominent way, as it affords the means of comparison with other Companies. The Proprietors will be gratified to learn that the increase of Duty paid by the Royal in the last year is more than double that of any other Company, either London or Provincial, whilst only one of those Companies even approaches to 50 per cent. of the ad vance of this Comp.-my. Our increase actually equals 30 per cent. of the entire increase of the whole of he Metropolitan Offices combined, whilst of the Provincial Offices it forms up wards of 30 per cent. of the total advance of the other 21 offices established out of London. LIFE BRANCH. "The Reports of the Company for several years have had invariably to announce a constant periodical expansion of its Life Business, •the New Policies of each succeeding year show ing an advance over the one that had immediately preceded it. A similar result is shown in the year 1860, the Premiums on New Policies, after deducting Guarantees, be ng £15,097 17s, led., which is an increase on that item of £1,993 17s. sd. above the amount received for the year 1859. "But even this advance is small when compared with the sudden and remarkable momentum which has been given to this Branch of the Business in the present year (1861). " It was not until the commencement of the year that the Public seemed to have become fully acquainted with the fact th t the Royal Insurance Company had published late in the last year an account of the investigation into the Assets and Liabilities of its Life Department, under a novel form, and in as plain and intelligible a manner as the abstruseness of the subject admitted, together with the entire statements and valuations necessary for that purpose. " It is conjectured from the extensive Notices of this Pam phlet and its accompanying Diagrams, which have appeared in the Periodicals of the day, that it has largely attracted the attention of vast numbers of Persons in all parts of the United Kingdom, as well as in other parts of the World. Indeed a most satisfactory and conclusive evidence that such is the case is afforded by the fact that the sum Assured on New Policies in the six months to the 3d June of the present year is ac tually 50 per cent. in excess of the sum assured in the corres ponding months of the year 1860, although the latter amount in itself exceeded the sum assured in any like previous period at time _ _ _ If this success be continued, the Royal Insurance Com pany would, with respect to the amount of its new business, be at once placed (at least with one or two exceptions) at the head of all the Insurance Companies doing business in this Country, and the anticipations of the last Report, to the effect that the details of the Lire Business then to be pub lished would form an epoch of the Establishment, will have a speedy and very happy realisation." SPECIAL ADVANTAGES OF THE LIFE BRANCH. PROFITS.—Large proportion Returned every Five Years to Policies then in existence Two ENTIRE YEARS. Expenses chiefly born • by the Fire Branch, in order to Increase the Bonus to be Returned. LIFE BONUSES DECLARED, T w o per Cent. per Annum on the Sum Assured : THE G REA TEST BONUS EVER CONTINUOUSLY DECLARED BY ANY COMPANY. SECITRITY FOR BOTH FIRE AND LIFE BRANCHES CAPITAL, TWO MILLIONS Sterling. Accumulated Funds in hand exceed Lwow. PERCY M. DOVE, Manager and Actuary. JOHN B. JOHNSTON, Secretary. DR. CURTIS• MEDICAL WORK, MANHOOD: A MEDICAL ESSAY ON SPERMATORRIRE A, NERVOUS AND GENERATIVE DEBILITY, &c. Just Published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates, in a sealed envelope, price Is., Sold by all Booksellers, and sent post paid, by the Author, forl2 stamps, 11 ANHOOD: the CAUSE and CURE of PRE MATURE DECLINE IN MAN, with Plain Directions for i'sriect Restoration to Health and Vigour. By Dr. J. L. CURTIS, 15, Albermarle-street, Piccadilly, London. CONTENTS: INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER on the Physiological Btructure and Functiens of the Reproductive Organs. CHAPTER IL—Causes of Spermatorrhcea and Impotence; Early Vicious Indulgences ; Dangers of Neglect. CHAPTER lII.—A Review of the various Disqualifications of Marriage; whether resulting from Youthful Abuse, the Follies of Maturity, the Effects of Climate, or Infection. CHAPTERS IV. and V. on the modern Treatment of Gonorrhoea and Syphilis. The Book concludes with numerous varied and interesting noes, to which is added the Author's recipe of a preventive Lotion. REVIEWS OP' THE WORK. 'Curtis on Manhood.—This is a truly valuable work, and should be in the hands of young and old."—" Sunday Times," :3(.1 March, 1856. `The author has conferred a great boon by publishing this little work, in which is described the source of' those diseases Which produce decline in youth or more frequently premature old age."—" Daily Telegraph," March 27, 1856. " This work, which for twenty years has stood the test of professional criticism and empirical hostility, treats in aplatn and sympathising manner on the various disqualifications and impediments arising from nervous excitement and de • bility ; and to invalids suffering from youthful errors and London it will be f oun d va l u able and useful."—Record. : Published by J. Allen, 20, Warwick Lane, Pater - noster-row; Mann, 39, Cornhill. 'mu of Consultation-10 to 3 and 6to 8; Stindaye, 10 till 2. Kent and Co.,:Paternoster-row. Just published, Bvo, in cloth, price 55., by post free, ss. Gd., (AN THE SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT of STRICTURES or the URETHRA ; showing why they so often appear Incurable, when in reality they might be removed by the most simple means. By F. B. COURTENAY, M.R.C.S.E., And formerly Surgeon to the Metropolitan Infirmary for the Cure of Strictures of the Urethra. " This work is the production of a surgeon whose special attention has been directed, throzl4 294: 4 prnfeseional life, to the treatment of atricturo. t which Mr. Courtenay naa given supply ample evidence of his great discriminative power in the diagnosis of the various kinds of stricture, and.of the scientific principles upon which their management is founded. By his systematic management an immense mitigation of pain to the unhappy sufferers is attained, and future mischief prevented. The work we can most unreservedly and confidently recommend as a veinal), contribution, both to the general and professional reader, and ought to be found in the private study of all who are subject to stricture."—Medical Circular. London: Bailliere, 219, Regent-street London RADICAL CURES BY kLECTRICITY. Just published, Svo., of 300 pages, price ls. 6d., - - - VXTRACTS FROM DR. , CAPLIN'S CASE BOOK.. Containing the Demonstration of his System in Opposition to the Usual Mode of Practice, with the Ra tionale of' Fifty-six Cases.—To be had at H. Bailliere's, 219, Regent-street, and at the Autho'r's,Electro-Chemical Bath Establishment, 9, York-place, Baker-street, London. ARGYLL ROOMS, Windmill-street, Hay market, will RE-OPEN for the Season To-morrow (SATURDAY), under the direction of Mons. BouLcouirr, principal Cornet-a-piston and Conductor. The music will be selected from Verdi, Meyerbeer, Rossini, Flotow, Balfe, and other eminent Composers. During the recess these well known Rooms have been entirely RE-DECORATED and I MPRO TED by Messrs. H. T. SMITH and assistants. The new Chandeliers by M. Benjamin. Admission, One Shilling. —All the new Music to be had at the Office, No. 7, Great Windmill-street. NATTONAL ASSEMBLY ROOMS, High Holborn.—This brilliant and favourite Ball Room IS NOW OPENED FOR THE SEASON. During the recess the entire building has been re-decorated, and many impor. ant additions and alterations effected conducive to the comfort of the visitors. The celebrated Band, under the able direction of Mr. W. M. Packer, will perform Over tures and Selections from the latest Operas, &c., with the newest and choicest dance music. New Selections from the Rose of Castille, Der Frieschutz, Robin Hood, Un Ballo in Maschera, La Reine Topaz. La Circassienne (never per formed in England), La.Sanciniere, Redowa, New Champagne Galop, &c.—Doors open at half-past S.—Admission, is. ‘IPANISH AND PORTUGUESE k WINES. PO RTS—Montero, 6s. per gallon, 15s. per dozen. Priorato, San Vicente. and Almanza, Bs. 6d. per gallon, 20s. per dozen. Alto Douro, 10s. 6d. per gallon, 245. per dozen, to 19s. M. per gallon, 425. per dozen. Val de Penas, 20s. and 245. per dozen. SHERRIES—Cordo • an, very pale soft light Wine, 6s. per gallon, 15s. per dozen. Xerezano, Bs. 6d. per gallon, 20s. per dozen. Other qualities, 245. to 48s. per dozen. Price per dozen includes bottles and packages. List, with full particulars, free on application. Spanish Peninsula Wine Company, 14, Barge-yard Chambers, Bucklersbury. ALL CONSULTATIONS 8, GROSVENOR-STREET, GROSVENOR-SQUARE.- ARTIFICIAL TEETH on a NEW and xIM PROVED PRINCIPLE, at TEN SHILLINGS EACH TOOTH (including all charg,es.) Mr. ESIC s ELL'S - PATE TED . INVENTION (protected by her Majesty's Royal Seal, July, 860), for adapting Arti ficial Teeth, from one to a complete set, by Self-Adhesion, are fixed without springs or fastening, without pain or ex traction, restore perfect articulation and mastication, ren dering detection impossible, and last a lifetime. "Unrivalled for its utilityand economy."—Morning Post. "An admirable contrivance for remedying the defects of nature, without requiring new sets of teeth."—Sun. Decayed Teeth Stopped, Loose Teeth Fastened, Discoloured Teeth Restored, Arc. Constant Daily Attance at 8, Grosvenor .4eeet, rtib - cfnOr-pAittaxv, rAvuatin ; Brig - hton ; Bennett's-hill, Birmingham RIIPTURES.-BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT. NA T HITE'S MOO-MAIN LEVER TRUSS (PERFECTED AND EXHIBITED IN THE GREAT ExruniTioN OF 1851), is allowed by upwards of Two Hundred Medical Gentlemen to be the most effective invention in the curative treatment of if ERNI A. The use of a steel spring, so often hurtful in its -ffects, is here avoided—a soft bandage being worn round the body, while the requisite resisting , power is supplied by the floc-Main Pad and Patent Lever, fitting with so much ease and closeness that it cannot be detected, and may be worn during sleep. A descriptive circular may be had,' and the truss, which cannot fail to fit, forwarded by post, on the cir cumference of the body, two inches below the hips, being sent to the manufacturer, Mr. WHITE, 228, Piccadilly. A Single Truss, 165., 215., 265. 6d., and 31s. 6d. Postage, ls. Doublo Truss, 31s. 6d., 425., and 525. 6d. Postage, is Bd. An Umbilical Truss, 425. and 525. 6d. Postage, is. 10d. Post-office Orders to be made payable to John Wbite,"Post office, Piccadilly. I'LASTIC STOCKINGS, KNEE-CAPS, &e., f or Varicose Veins and all cases of Weakness and Swelling of the Legs, Sprains, &c. They are porous, light in texture, Ind inexpensive, and are drawn on like an ordinary stocking. Moe 45. 6d., 7s. 6d., 10s., and 16s. each. Postage 6d. JOHN WHITE, Manufacturer, 228, :Piccadilly. „', I AUCE.-LEA AND PERRINS beg to caution the Public against Spurious Imitations of their world-renowed WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE. ' Purchasers should ASK FOR LEA AND PERRINS' SAUCE, Pronounced by Connoisseurs to be "THE ONLY GOOD SAUCE.” *** Sold Wholesale and for Export, by the Proprietors, Worcester; MemsrS. CROSSE and BLACKWELL, London, &c. &c., and by Grocers and Oilmen universally. GIVEN AWAY TO NERVOUS SUFFERERS. HENRY SMITH. M.D., of the University of Jena, has just published, for the benefit of Nervous Qufferers, a FREE EDITION of his valuable work, THE WARNING VOICE TO YOUNG MEN (120 pages). A medical work on the cure of Nervous Debility, Loss of 51emory, Dimness of Sight, Lassitude, Indigestion, Dislike o Society, Spermatorrhcea, Local Weakness, Muscular Re axation, Languor, Listlessness, Depression, &0., which, if ueglected, result in consumption, insanity, and premature death ; with plain directions for perfect restoration to health , nd vigour. The book will be sent, post free, secure f'rom ob .ervation, to any address, on receipt of a directed envelope and two stamps. Address, HENRY SMITH, M.D., 8, Burton crescent, Tavistock-square, London, W.C. THE VIGOUR OF YOUTH RESTORED IN FOUR WEEKS by Dr. RICORD'S ESSENCE OF LIFE. This wonderful agent will restore manhood to the most shattered constitution, whether arising from self-pollution, excesses, nocturnal emissions, the effects of climate, or natu ral causes The time required to cure the most inveterate case is four weeks ; and, if used according to the printed in structions (which are very simple), failure is impossible. This life-restoring remedy should be taken by all about to marry, as its effects are permanent. It is acknowledged by the medical press to be the greatest discovery ever made. Success in every case is as certain as that water quenches thirst. Dr. Ricord's Essence of Life is sold in cases, with full in structions for use, at lts., or four quantities in one for 335., and may be sent to any pact of the world, carefully packed, on receipt of remittance or post-office order payable to Prout and Co. Dr. Ricord's Sole Agent in London is Front, Patent Medi cine Warehouse, 229, Strand (seven doors west of Temple bar). (Entered at Stationers' Hall.) 1, GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET. W., NEAR THE PANTHEON. D R. CULVERWELL, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Licentiate of Midwifery, and Apo rhecaries' Hall, London, oan be consulted daily (only) as tbove, on all cases of Nervous Debility, Languor, inoapaettY, Loss of Memory, Sterility, and all Functional Derangements )1 both Sexes, emanating from early and ,excessive :indul ences‘ Has Just published, price ls. ; by post, 13 stamps, 18 scaled, No. 4, An entire new and original Work, entitled OURSELVES. Synopsis : The Physiology and Anatomy of our Generation —The Origin of Disease—Symptoms, Treatment, and Cure. i so, an Exposition of. and Remedy for, all Urinary Derange wilts and Marital Disqualifications, MALE. The modern treatment of Syphilis, Stricture, Blennorrhagia Gonorrhoea), Spermatorrhcea, Impotency, and all Diseases of he Urinary Organs, with Prescriptions, &o. FEMALE. The Physiology and Anatomy of Women—Functional Ir re;ulatities in Health and Sickness—Choice in Marriage— Their Expectancies and Disappointments—The Cause and Removal of Sterility—The Theory and Symptoms of Gesta tion—Use of the Speculum. Also, No. 1. HEALTH, HAPPINESS, and LONGEVITY; On Debility, Nervousness, Dyspepsia, and Indigestion. No. 2. MOVE AND MARRIAGE : their Obligations, Happiness, and Disappointments ; Love nd other Matches. Sterility Removed, and healthyOff pring secured.: No. E. THE CASE BOOKS: 100 Cases of SPERMATORRHCEA, ['heir Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment, Confessions and Cure In Cauterisations, Galvanism, Sic. Stc. &o. To be had of Mann, 39, Cornhili ; and the Authors. Advice to the 'Working Classes fee Hall-a-Guinea. (SPECIAL NOTICE. Dr. Culvcrwell is the only legally qualed medical practi tioner living of that name, and can bee oonsulted (only as above), LATEST PARTICULARS. BRIGHTON, MONDAY EVENING. The sensation created by this terrible accident has been so inte 30 that tha various doubtful points could only be investigated to-day, a , their truth or falsity established. We regret that the number of deaths was not in the first instance over-esti mated. Twenty-two persons were instantly killed by the force with which the engine leaped upon them. Of these unfortunate sufferers twenty-one have up to this time been identified. Their names are as follows : Mrs. Ellen Lower, 1, Liverpool-street, Brighton. Mr. ingledew, senior, 58, St. James's-street, Brighton. Mr. George Westcott, 44, Lewes-street, Brighton. An infant child of the above. Mr. Edward Chariwood, . otherwise known as Simpson, bird-dealer, London-road, Brighton. Mrs. Catherine Barnard, 22, Charles-street, Brighton. Mrs. Fillett (hitherto described as Mrs. Coomber), Weavers' Alms-houses, Wanstead, Essex. Mrs. Christiana Mainthorpe, Lennox Arms, Richmond-street, B jhton. Mr. John Greenfield, 5, Montpelier-place, Brigh ton. Mr. John Wheeler, 24, London-street, Brighton. Elizabeth Wheeler, wife of the above. David Wheeler (eighteen months old), son of the above. Mr. George Gardener, 2, Baron-street, Penton ville. Miss Barclay, recently staying at 15, Cottage street,,Brighton. Mrs. Maria Edwin, 15, White Lion-street, Nor ton Folgate, London. Mrs. Jane Elizabeth Biden (hitherto described as Mary Temple), 16, Sussex-road, Cliftonville, Brighton. John Lockstead, 32, Adelphi-terrace, Victoria Park-road, London. Agnes Parker, 35, Oriental-place, Brighton. " Mary Ann Parker, sister of the above. Mr. William Hubbard, lately staying at 17, Viaduct-terrace, Brighton. Henry Hayward Hubbard, grandson of the above. The body still requiring identification is that of a young woman. With regard to the injured, the latest informa tion obtained by our reporter at the Sussex County Hospital, where they lie, led to the belief that no further deaths would ensue. In the case of the man Anthony Kean, whose leg was amputated yes terday, and who was not expected to live through out the night, a remarkable improvement has taken place, and great hopes are now entertained of his ultimate recovery. The next case of great danger last night was William Arnold, who had sustained a compound comminuted fracture of the right leg, which was amputated by Mr. Turner, the surgeon. This afternoon Mr. Arnold was reported as pro gressing favourably, although not out of danger. This morning a female child, about three years old, and suffering from fracture of both legs and severe scalds and bruises, was recognised by her father, who came from London ; and, to add to the melancholy character of' this ease, he identified the body of his wife amongst the killed. The child is in a very bad state, and but faint hopes are enter tained of its recovery. With respect to the other sufferers in the hospital, Mr. S. T. Ellis, the acting house surgeon, reports that no serious symptoms have presented themselves. As may be readily imagined, the confusion which prevailed immediately after the accident prevented many of the details from being ascertained. It is now, however, generally admitted that the excur sion train, which should have left the Brighton station at 8 15, did not start until 25 minutes to nine, or 20 minutes after its time, and therefore five minutes after the ordinary parliamentary train (which ultimately ran into the excursion train) should have departed. It is now clearly understood that the excursion train had advanced between 300 and 400 yards into the tunnel before it came to a stand. It had backed a great portion of that dis tance when the calamity occurred, and it is said the parliamentary train was travelling at the rate of nearly 40 miles an hour, and consequently, as may easily be imagined, the shock was terrific. It is described as all occurring in a moment, and we gather from one of the sufferers who has so far re covered as to be able to give a connected narrative, that after the shock of the collision, the tunnel being quite dark, he groped about as N. 'ell as his maimed condition would allow him, amid a mangled mass of dead and dying men, women, and children buried beneath the heap of broken carriages with the engine and tender at the top of and pressing down the whole, the steam and boiling water at the same time pouring over the unhappy people. When lights were procured the tunnel was seen to be blocked up with, the fragments of the train. One poor little infant, only 18 months old, was saved. while its poor mother's breast was ripped up, and her lifeless body presented a horrible spectacle. One young man, who was partially buried in the ruins, prayed to be released ; but, although every effort was used, he was not extricated for nearly an hour, and died before he could be removed to the hospital. The spectacle presented harrowed the feelings of all. The bodies of men, women, and children lying together in an almost undistinguish able mass, some, although not dead, being fright fully mutilated and blackened by the pressure, pre senting a ghastly appearance, sickening even to those whose duties called them to alleviate their sufferings. The number of those actually found to be dead were 8 men, 11 women, and 3 children, and although there are only 9 cases in the hospital, and from 15 to 20 which have been reported to the railway authorities, and are under surgical treat ment at their own home% it is much to be feared that the actual extent of the calamity has as yet by no means beon accurately ascertained. THE INQUEST ON THE BODIES. This afternoon Mr. David Black, coroner for the borough, commenced an inquiry into the cause of the deaths of the above named persons, and also one who had not been identified. The investigation was opened at the North Star Inn, near the rail way station, but in consequence of the crowded state of the room, the coroner adjourned to the Town-hall, after viewing the bodies. Mr. Faithful], solicitor to the London and Brigh ton Railway Company, appeared to watch the case; Mr. Roupell, instructed by Mr. W. A. Stuckey, so licitor, of Brighton, watched the case on behalf of Mr. Ingledew ; Mr. Reed, instructed by Mr. Reed, of Nicholas•lane, represented Mr. Kean. Mr. Conyngham, M.P., one of the directors, and Mr. Scott, deputy-chairman, were also present, as were, besides, a great number of influential inhabitants of Brighton, and various friends of the•deceased. The proceedings excited much interest. The names of the jury having been called, The Coroner addressed them as follows :—" Gen tlemen, I wish to address a few words before the oath is administered. In the course of the inquiry which we are about to commence, a very important question may arise as to the negligence or liability of the company, in some shape or other. Now, it is plain, from the position of the company in Brigh ton, a great number of persons must be interested in it, either as tradesmen supplying goods, as share holders, or are dependent in some other way upon it. I wish you, therefore, to ask yourselves whether any of you are interested in the Company ; and if so, I beg you will say at once, in order that you may be discharged from further attendance. None of you are obliged to serve until you are sworn. We you will say can easily p rocure o th er p ersons; an d , t h ere f ore, I trust whether you are directly or in directly interested in the company, befo r e th e in quiry commences. I mention the matter now be fore yon are sworn, so that yon may retire. Please assume that I put the question to each of you—' Are you dependent in any manner upon the Railway Company ?' " No answer being returned, The Coroner said—Then, I take it that none of you are interested in th e way I h ave i n di cate d. The jury was th en sworn, and Mr. Joseph Hem mings was chosen foreman. Mr. Reed—l beg to say that lam instrueted to appear on behalf of M r. K ean, who has been very badly injured by the accident, and is lying in the hospital here. I wish to express a hope that the professional gentleman who attends on the part of the Railway Company will render all the assistance in his power, which may enable the jury to arrive at a proper conclusion as to the cause of the sad calamity which has occurred. Mr. .Faithfull—l can assure you, sir, that the company are anxious to render every assistance in their power, and will produce all the evidence that may be deemed desirable. Coroner—And I will give all persons interested in the matter the fullest opportunity of putting questiens to the various witnesses. I shall first examine them myself, then I shall ask the jury to put questions, and afterwards the professional gen tlemen can examine them if they think proper. The jury then proceeded to view the bodies, which lay in the reading-room of the workmen at By Mr. Reed—l was sitting next to my wife with my two boys in the second carriage from the end. It was 25 minutes to 9 exactly when we left Brigh ton, and I remarked to my wife that we were 20 minutes late by the clock at the station. It _was an excursion train. I was going to Chatham. My two boyswere going to stop in Lond on . I was sitting with my face towards the engine on the right hand side of th e ca rria g e. O ne o f my b oys was sitting on my right hand facing me, and the other by my side. There were nine people in that compartment with me. I was sitting in the last division of the carriage. I said I thought it a very great neglect that we were so late. We did not stop anywhere till we came to the tunnel. I did not look out at the window to notice the signal man at the tunnel. I observed that the train slackeaed its speed just before it got to the mouth of the tunnel, perhaps about 50 yards. It went about 200 or 300 yards up the tunnel before we stopped. The first thing that apprised me of the accident was my boy looking- out, and he said he say a train coming, and immediately there was a concussion, and 1 knew nothing more until I found myself scrambling over the ruins. The car riage I was in was smashed all to atoms from the back. I had a broken shin. I could not see anything, as it was dark, but when lights came I found myself on the top of the ruins. My wife was covered by the ruins and quite dead when I found her. The engine was standing up a few feet from me, and appeared to have jumped upon the carriage. I saw a man jump on to the engine and let the steam off. I had been afraid it would burst. My two boys were hurt, and one of them came to me and I showed him his poor mother. I helped him on the ruins, and when I put him down he went away, and I' have not seen him since, as he is in L on d on . M y wife was about six feet from the ground, on the ruins, and the carriage seemed to have been forced upon its side, and was leaning against the engine, which seemed to have forced its way under neath the carriage as it were. No one can describe the scene in the tunnel, it was so fearful. There were only two carriages smashed, I saw the other train as I came back out of the tunnel, but I do not knOw what injury was done to the engine. At the time of the collision the train was going backwards very slowly. I saw several of the passengers who were dead or dying during the half hour I was there. By the Jury—l observed the train before we started. There was a carriage behind, but I cannot say whether it was a break van. The train was 20 minutes behind time when we left Brighton. By Mr. Roupell—l did not know there was a train before me, nor did I hear the scream of an engine. I knew nothing of the train following me till my boy called out. I know the train did not keep its proper time at starting, which should have been a quarter past eight. I heard no shout to stop the :train on going into the tunnel. Just as we were corning back in the tunnel my boy said he saw a red flag. Thomas Parker Durrant—l am an auctioneer, living at Brighton. The deceased John Ingledew was my father in law. • I believe he was 69 or 70 years of age. I have seen his body lying at the station. Edward Comber-1 live at 29, Upper Gardner street, Brighton, and work in the carriage depart ment of the railway company. I identify one of the bodies shown to the jury as that of Mary Gil lett. She lived at the Weavers' Almshouses,Wan stead, Essex, and was a widow, 68 years of age. By Mr. Reed—l was not in the train. Mr. Jesse Baillie—l am a carpet planner, and live at 5, Gardner-street, Brighton. I identify the body of George Westcott. He lived at 1, Church row, Old St. Pancras-road, London. He was 12 years old. I was in the train, sitting alongside of the boy in the same compartment of the carriage. The other bodies having been identified, At this stage of the proceedings it was arranged that the jury should visit the scene of the disaster in the course of to-morrow afternoon, and to suit the convenience of the legal gentlemen two o'clock was the hour fixed, and the evidence will be proceeded with at ten o'clock on Wednesday morn ing. (From the Tin w.) The frightful collision on the Brighton Line on Sunday has but too plain and simple an explanation. There were mistakes, it is true, on the part of the signalmen, and one part of the signal machinery Would not work. This ought not to have been. It ought not to have been left to a last perilous moment to ciscover that the signal proper to the particular occasion—tile signal, namely, that a preceding train was in the tunnel—could not be given because the apparatus was out of order. Again, the signal man at the London end of the C ayton Tunnel, when he was telegraphed to answer wheth.r the tunnel was clear ought to have remembered that there were two trains, and that only one had come out of his end of the tunnel. But these mistakes are not at the botton of the culpable part of the affair. The culpable thing wrs that the trains suc ceeded one another so rapidly that the slightest possible mistake, even an excusable mistake, was fatal. You have no right to drive things so close that the least misunder standing in replying to an electric telegraph is at once fatal. As far as the signal machinery goes, it appears that though the peculiar and appropriate apparatus for announc ing that there was a train in th) tunnel would not work, there was the red flag, which did work, and did, as a mat ter of fact, stop the second train n its passlge through the tunnel; though it is true that. had the ordinary proper signal been available, there would have been this difference, that the signalman would have had confidence in his signal, whereas it was want of con fidence in the substituded signal which made him suppose the second train ha 6 not seeing it, passed through and left the tunnel clear—the mistake which pro duced the whole catastrophe. Stil the subsequent telegram would have corrected this mistake had not the rapidity with which one train followed mother confused the signal man at the other end of the turnel, and made him send back the answer that the train telegraphed about was out of the tunnel, whereas it was not that train, but a train just preceding it, which had come through. So much for the machinery ; and as for the men, though in the hurry of the moment there were these mistakes on the part of the signal. men, one of these very mistakes was caused by the driver of the second train having been mly "more" sharpsighted than it was thought probable he could be, he having "seen" the red flag, which was displayoi only at the last moment, when he was right underneath it, and therefore when it was thought he could not have seen i t. So we come to the too rapid sucession of trains, after all, as the real blameworthy cause of this whole misfortuneTlt is obvious that if one train succeeds another so quickly that the head of a signalman is confused, and he replies that the train inquired after is out of the tunnel, whereas it was another train just before it which was out of the tunnel—it is obvious, we say, that if the trains follow each other so quickly that the signalman confounds one train with ano ther, the rapidity in the succession of the trains is too great. You depend on the telegraph as the ulti mate corrector of all mistakes, and its ultimatum continues or stops the motion of the train. But if the succession is so quick that the telegraph itself is confused by it, and sends wrong answers, there is an end to all security. Had the third train been later and given more time to the signalmen, the first answer of the tele graph might have been corrected; the signalman who sent it would have remembered that there were two trains of which the passage was due, and that the second had not passed, and would have telegraphed accordingly. But before any mistake of the telegraph can be corrected the third train is up, it has overtaken the second train in the tunnel, and the terrible disaster has taken place. Or, what would have been a bitter alternative, the second train, that had only stopped in the tunnel to give time to the first to move on to a proper distance from it, would have recom menced its motion, and ceased to blo c k up the tunnel. But things are run so closely that nothing but the most perfect accuracy and precision can prevent a crash. Yet it should be borne in mind that a signalman is not necessarily a per son of unrivalled and unerring accuracy of mind, that he is capable of being confused, and that his readiness and presence of mind should not be tried too severely. It is very easy in a space of 20 seconds to make a mistake about a train being one train or another trai n , if you have three trains following each other almost inunediately. Here are two excursion trains leaving Brighton within ten minutes of each other, and a parliamentary train fifteen minutes after. This is too quick work. Your signalmen are not pieces of clockwork, upon which hurry has no effect; they are men, whose nerves and brains are susceptible of disorder, and who must have their time for doing things—not an unreasonable time, but still some time. Give them the proper intervals, and they will do their work well enough, and distinguish times and trains rightly, but they are not men to perform lightning operations with their At Ihe same time, railway companies are not alone to be blamed in these matters. The public answer so readily and eagerly to the invitations of excursion trains that the com panies think they cannot please the public better than by multiplying them, So they must be squeezed in any how between other trains. The thing goes on gradually, and the intervals get less and less, till at last a dreadful crash shows that the power of arrangement has been tested too sharply, and has given way. But up to the moment of the catastrophe the process is so natural and the facilities so successful that everybody is pleased, and nobody has any idea how very near the edge of peril the whole system has been all along. Quick travelling for a mere trifle is an enormous tempta tion to multitudes, and the more the pleasure is tasted the more it spreads. Every reduction of price brings a whole fresh class within the operation of the charm, and every fresh class, of course, larger and More numerous in pro portion as it is poor er th an th e prece di ng on e. This is the great difficulty that the railways have to deal with. They have to provide accommodation for customers who increase not in arithmetical only, but a cubic ratio. They flock in in myriads to the stations, they cram the trains by over flowing. Every season advances upon the last. What is to be done with them ? There must be excursion trains. The public must be accommodated, and railways must ex pand. The interval between trains is reduced from half an hour to a quarter bf an hour, and from is quarter of an hour to ten minutes. At last there is a frightful catastrophe, and we all of us know in a moment that the ,attempt has been overdone. But the remedy will not be popular, for all our horror at the mistake. A new taste has been awak ened in just the very largest class of the whole community ; it will require great firmness to control it, and that firmness will have to be exercised by the very power which benefits by the fashion—the railway companies. TILE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA. (From the Special Correspondent of the Times.) WASHINGTON, AUG. 10. For good or for evil, the issue between the North and South is rapidly approaching to that which the South predicted and feared, and the North at first disavowed and does not now altogether accept,— the struggle if it continues will be narrowed to a contest between slavery and abolition. It is not improbable that in a day or two the President will declare that all slaves within the lines of the United States army become free. On the very last day of Congress the Bill which sets free slaves belonging to rebels engaged in war was signed with re luctance by Mr. Lincoln, and was all but lost by lapse of time, for, had he not been persuaded to overcome his scruples, the Con gress would have adjourned without the signa ture of the President having been given to that Act. Indeed, but for the prolongation of half an hour agreed upon the signature could not have been obtained, as the President at first refused peremptorily to put his name to the Bill, alleging that " it will lose us Kentucky ;" but there was a pressure of Senators put upon him, and he yielded at last but ten minutes before the Houses rose. On such occasions the President comes down to his room in the Capitol, and affixes his name, or receives the official visits of the legislators, and if the clock had not been put back, and the sittings carried on be yond the time agreed upon for the adjournment, this Bill could not have been presented to the Senate. But now, after the lapse of a few days, it is said that a step far in advance of that measure will be taken, and that the glove will be thrown down to the South and to the De mocrats of the North as well. If so, there can be no longer any doubt as to the nature of the fight or as to the means to be used in it, but it argues the possession of no common courage and self reliance on the part of the Republicans to offer battle on the question at the very moment that the Demo cratic Convention of New York has refused to act in common with the Republicans, and when " a peace at any price and compromise if you can party" is beginning to make itself heard in the Northern and North-Western parts of the Union. In revo lutions the moderate politicians who start up before the last act of the drama approaches in order to become mediators, or to propose terms to the con tending factions, are generally crushed betwixt the upper and the nether millstones ; but there are ex ceptions to that rule—the violent and fanatic sec tions are sometimes either neutralised, absorbed, or overcome by the juste milieu. Much as Americans might wish for such a result, and greatly as Euro pean politicians would really desire the reunion of the States by the agency of compromise, it is hoping against hope to expect they will be gratified. Before Manassas some wonderful combination of good luck and dexterity on the part of " the devil of Compromise" might have led to an adjustment, or a patching up of the torn seams and tattered flag of the republic. The North could not now in honour submit to amalgamation with all the taint of base metal on her part of the compound. The continent of America could not hold Northern men in the face of defeat, insult, and contempt from the men of the South. As well might the comrade of ancient Pistol hope to live on good conditions with his trucu lent friends because he had submitted quietly to the pulling of his nose and the kicking of his person as a basis of amity and equality. Philosophic statesmen, like Mr. Sumner, may not be affected by such considerations. They look, like him, to great principles. Mere American politicians, caucus-mongers, wire-pullers, like Mr. Blair, do not appreciate any result which does not produce an immediate effect on the votes of the Houses, the appointments to office, or the legerde main of official life, in which they are all glorying and disporting. Men who have studied patiently and long the whole of the political mechanism of the Union are so much enamoured of the fineness of the machinery and the beautiful play of its parts that, like Mr. Seward, they think if all the bits are put together, a little oil applied, and the steam got well up, with a good whistle to clear the way against England or Spain, or some European Power, it is sure to preserve its consistency and run its course as of yore. Meantime troops are pouring into the neighbour hood of the capital. Although General Scott is per fectly tranquil, and is quite satisfied the Confede rates can make no aggressive movement without signal chastisement and defeat, General M'Clellan is most uneasy and apprehensive of danger, and is urgent in demanding more men. He prefers his de mands on all who come near him, and some senator, one at least, was so much impressed by his statements that on his own responsibility, and without any communication with the Government, he tele graphed to the Governor of his State to send on at once every regiment he could muster to Washing ton. Acting on his own account, and without General Scott's knowledge, I apprehend, General M'Clellan has also from time to time sent regiments to points which he conceived to be menaced or most in need of reinforcements. He is very short in a proper complement of cavalry and field artillery. His troops are as raw as can be ; the officers not a whit better as yet than the Bull's Run officers. In fact, his army is not a fighting machin3 which can be handled as a whole, nor do I think the Confederates are much better in any way, except in cavalry. The material of some of the Northern regiments cannot be excelled. Splendid men, young, tall, robust, in telligent, and accustomed to adventure ; if the workmen know their business, there is plenty of stuff to make a good army in their hands. My estimate of Mr. Jefferson Davis's forces in cavalry and guns was not far wrong, bat by this time he has probably received reinforcements to his horse power and has certainly increased his artillery. But, after all, what will another battle effect? Even if the result at Manassas be reversed, there is little likelihood that more will be done than increasing the feeling of bitterness between the Extremists and a fresh loss of life, for the Federalists would be as little broken at any place. If it forms in strong corps, the diffi cu lt y o f t r ansportation of food an d ma t er i el arises. It i s grea t er than one would ima g i ne w h o has not se en h ow w id e ly s cattered is the pop u l a ti on. The State o f G eorg i a , f o r example, which i s as large as a ll England, has less than a million of people. Th e further these corps a d vance t h e greater must b ecome t h e i r diffictiliy. They must diverge as they a d vance, and the cinem y w ill get in between them and operate in their rear and on the communications with their bases. The people of the South declare they are ready for a guerilla war, and the remarks I have made presuppose there is no large amount of Union feeling in any of the seceded Stat* which would revive and become ac tive on the appearance of a friendly army. If we were to judge of the States generally by what is taking place in Missouri, however, it would seem as if a large number of the inhabitants preferred to let Unionist and Secessionist fight it out by themselves. General Jackson and his friends— General Lyon and Colonel Siegel—fight and retreat, advance and countermarch, and engage in numerous skirmishes, without adding one particle of force to the cause in which they are engaged, and the mass of the people stand neutral between them. Gover nor Wise flies through Western Virginia before the Federalists, burning bridges and tearing up rail roads, and the inhabitants, possibly, are disgusted equally with both sides. These desultory opera tions contribute little or nothing to the end of the war. And how the poor people suffer ! We do not know what takes place in the South, but the cries of distress in the county exposed to the Federal troops are loud and lamentable. Generals issue orders, but the troops do not mind them. Houses are entered, property is pillaged. Even in Maine far removed from the rancour of hostilities, the mob has recently been showing its respect for freedom of opinion by attacking democratic newspaper offices and destroying and burning all they could lay their hands on. In Maryland the voice of complaint is loud and indignant. Respectability of station and attachment to the Union avail but little. One officer in command at Alexandria, within sight of the White-house, is obliged to recommend the people to fix the stars and stripes on all their property and over all their houses, and then he promises, if that does not do, to make strict inquiry into the cases of outrage. One does not know where to look for a solution of the difficulties which are springing up on all sides. Not the least of them is the dangerous socialist movement, which I foretold some time ago, among the working classes in the northern cities, where we may yet hear the terrible cry of the French Revolution re-echoed by the masses whom the war has plunged into poverty. New York. Bos ton, Philadelphia may well grow pale at the thought. These mass meetings which demand bread or work from the Government mean no good, but at present they only indicate approaching danger rather than its actual presence; and, meanwhile, the expendi ture of the Government is going on at the rate of one million two hundred thousand (1,200,000) dol lars a day ! A rain of paper money is threatened. But the capitalists see the mischief too clearly to abandon the Government in its extremity, and it is said here that 111. r. Chase has succeeded in the ob ject of his interview with the moneyed men of New York, and is hopeful of success in getting all the money he wants on tolerable terms. Of all this you will receive more accurate accounts from your re gular correspondent at New York. With the new Treasury notes at 4 per cent, below par in Wall street the future was indeed lowering. Has it ceased to be so ? Even Garibaldi, whom some people ba lieve to be coming out here, can scarcely give the Government sunshine unless he brings out with him a loan from France and England, but if anything could induce these countries to make an advance it would be the pleasant tone adopted towards them both by the American journals. If the moneyed people hold back there can be no doubt the churches are coming to the rescue, and as the congregations melt away into the ranks their pastors follow them " a-colonelling. Bishop and Gen. Leonidas Polk, of the Southern army, has been followed by a number of his clergy to the camp, and one of them lately wrote a most affecting letter to one of his rev. brethren in the North, in which he declared with the unction of a Covenanter that he would smite hip and thigh the aforesaid rev. brother if he encountered him in the flesh on Southern soil. The religion of the South is fervid. No Canaanite was ever in worse case in Israelitish hands than will the black Republican be who may find himself in the grip of good, God-fearing Georgians or Caro linians. There has been a blessing of flags and a cursing of enemies all over the States, the like of which has never been seen since the time of the Crusades—let us say in a general fashion. As one of the coloured brethren observed of a celebrat e d Baptist minister whom he followed in Savannah, " We don't care much for him blessing ; but his cussin' is jist bewtiful and make we feel awful happy." But cursing is generally d one, i t must be said, by implication. Notwithstanding the great expenditure there is but little excitement visible at Washington, unless one goes into the War and Navy Departments, where crowds of contractors block up the passages, each waiting for his interview with an unhappy Minister or his representative. In America these personal interviews are the rule. Each man is entitled, perhaps by the theory . of the Con stitution, to walk in and take out his own share of the public time ; but the pressure is so great that some men have been there for a week or ten days without seeing the particular person they desired to favour. The streets are now clear of soldiers. The galloping of orderlies is very much reduced in pro portion as things get into order, and on the oth er side of the river there is incessant drilling and plenty of hard work, principally in completing a great abattis from Fort Ellsworth, at Alexandria, across the front of the position. None of this, how. ever, is seen in the capital itself. It would seem as if the torpor which prevails at Washington had its counterpart at Richmond. The Southern papers attribute the inactivity to design —" a great coup' soon to be made, and it is neces sary to be cautious and to be silent." On both sides the utmost care is taken to screen such movements as may take place ; passes are strictly examined at all the exits and entrances of the Northern camps. General M'Dowell, who was in attendance on Prince Napoleon last Thursday, was stopped by one of his own sentries because his pass was not en regle. General Beauregard evinces the utmost sensitive ness in respect to any approach to his lines. Prince Napoleon was, however, received with feelings stronger than respect by the Confederates. On Thursday morning early the Prince started with M. Mercier, the Fre nc h Mi n i ster , an d his su ite, from Washington, and p rocee d e d t o Alexandri a, attended by General M'D owe ll , w h o provided him with an escort of United States cavalry. On arriving at the outposts the General returned, and the Prince's party went on till they met the Con the present Imperial succession, attended by a United States general and escort to the camp of the rebels and to the generals in command of them, with the sanction of the United States Government, and the return of the party to the United States lines, is one of the most extraordinary cases that has ever been permitted to occur by any Goven ment in the world. I doubt if any neutral prince would have been allowed tn . pass from the allied lines into Sebastopol and to have returned to the allies by either side ; but there could he no's if " the matter at all had the one side considered and proclaimed the other to be rebels. It was late on Friday when the Prince returned, and on Saturday he left Washington for the North in company with M. Mercier. His visit will be construed in many ways, none of them just—the significance of the act will be magnified and its importance exaggerated. People here cannot understand that an illustrious person age travelling incognito as a neutral can visit both camps without impropriety, and that he is animated by no other desire than that of seeing with his own eyes the actual condition of the contending parties. In itself, again, the visit of the Prince will be re garded as nothing less than an act of preparation for the formal recognition of the Confederacy. With and insolence characteristic g oo d taste, the only journal in the world capable of such m i ng l ed folly selects the occasion of the F renc h Prince ' s visit to accuse France of a secret ho s tili ty to the United States and to denounce the Princ e hi mse l f as a spy, and in an excess of absurdity, which really looks as if the paper in question were in the pay of some bitter enemies of the United States who are determined on its ruin, this journal, having as serted that France is encouraged by England, which will soon follow her example, to break the blockade and recognise the Southern Confederacy, demands by way of conciliating the two great maritime Powers of the world that a force shall be immedi ately prepared by the Secretary of the Navy to re sist the united fleets on seas where at the present moment he has failed in establishing a blockade be fore his own ports. However, this is of a piece with similar crnduct, and can only be explained on the ground already suggested. In nothing is the weakness of the Federal Govern ment more strikingly shown than in those questions on maritime rights on which it was wont to main tain such defiant language and haughty attitude. It stigmatises Southern privateers as pirates, and treats them as prisoners of war. Let us now see what will be done in the case of those men who were saved off the wreck of the Confederate vessel Petrel, the stolen property of the United States commanded by Confederate officers, which actually engaged a United States frigate, aid was sunk by her. Every seagoing vessel of the United States, ex cept five, which are now being refitted, is in active employment, the great majority of the vessels afloat are sailing ships, and it will be observed with sur prise that the new steamers ordered comprise a number of paddlewheel vessels. Of 1,354 commis sioned officers in the navy 312 were from the Con federate States, of whom 321 have resigned, and it is feared that there are many officers in the service whose hearts are not in the right place on this question, or who, to use the American slang, are " not square on the goose." THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND THE FUGITIVE SLAVES. By the last packet we received the letter of General Butler asking for instructions tis to the runaway slaves in his keeping. The answer of the Secretary for War oa this important ques tion deserves to be given at length " Wethington, August, 1861. " General,--The important question of the proper dispo sition to be made of fugitives from service in, the States in insurrection against the Federal Government, to which you have again directed my attention in your letter of July 20, has received my most attentive consideratio n. It is the de sire of the President that all existing rights in all the States be fully respected and maintained. The 'war now prose cuted on the part of the Federal Governiz tent is a war for the Union ; for the preservation of all Cow ditutional rights of States and the citizens of States in the Union. Hence, no question can arise as to fugitives from service within the States and territories in which the authority of the Union is fully acknowledged. The ordinary forms of judi cial proceeding mast be respected by military and civil authorities alike for the enforcement of legal forms. But in the States wholly or in part under insurrectionary con trol, where the laws of the United l States are fi ;o far opposed and resisted that they cannot be effectually 'enforced, it is obvious that the rights dependent upon the execution of those laws must temporarily fail ; and it is equally obvious that the rights dependent on the laws of tlie) State within which military operations are conducted must be necessarily subordinate to the military exigencies created: by the insur rection, if not wholly forfeited by the treas onable conduct of parties claiming them. To this the general rale of righ to services forms an exception. The Act of Congress, ap proved on the 6th of August, 1861, declares that if persons held to service shall be employed in hostility to the United States, the right to their services shall bo forfeited, and such persons shall be discharged therefrom. It follows, of necessity, that no claim can be recognised by the military authority of the Union for the services of such persons when fugitives. 7, A more difficult question is presented in respect to per sons escaping from the service of loyal masters. It is quite apparent that the laws of the State under which only the service of such fugitives can be claimed must needs be wholly, or almost wholly, suspended. As to the remedies by the insurrection and the military measures necessitated by it, it is equally apparent that the substitution of military for judicial measures for the enforcement of such claims must be attended by great inconvenience, embarrassments and injuries. Under these circumstances it seems quite clear that the substantial rights of loyal masters are Ea best protected by receiving such fugitives, as well as fugi tives from disloyal masters, into the service of the States, and employi ng th em un d er suc h organ i za tions and such occupation as ci rcums t ances may sugges t or require. Of course a reco r d s h ou ld b e k ep t s h ow i ng the name and United character, as description of the fugitives, the name and loyal or disloyal, of the master, and such facts as may be necessary to correct the understanding of the. circumstances.. of each case, after tranquillity shall have doubtless restored properly . Upon the return of peace, Congress will received . into the service of . can the duty and safety provide for all the persons thus the Union, and for a just compensation to loyal masters. rights of all be fully o l f n t t b h e i ways Government only, i t andworld tthe seem,jas t recon ciled and harmonized. " You will, therefore, consider yourself instructed to go• vern your future action in respect to fugitives from service by the premises herein stated, and will rep ort from time to ti m e, and at least twice in each month, your action in the premises to this department. You will, however, neither authorize nor permit any interference by the troops under your command with the servants of peaceful citizens in A house or field, nor will you in any way encourage s uch serva nts to leave the lawful serv i ce of their mas t er s. Nor will you, except in cases w h ere the public goo d may seem to require it, prevent th e voluntary return of any fugitive to the service from which he may have escaped:. 4, I am, ivery respectfully, your obedient se rvant, " StmoN CAMERON, Secretary of War. , " To Major-G enera l Butler, comman ding Dep ar tment of Virginia, Fortress Plonroe." The Gazette de Trieste states that the attempt to launch the iron cased frigate the Salamamdler at that port proved a failure. The vessel stuck fast cku the ways before reachipg the water. ..,.i ._~~u ~~ ,