The Sun. — London, England, 1831-07-09 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. C When Sir James Scarlett was in the full career of his ea.-officio informations against the Press, e expressed our opinions pretty plainly upon political prosecutions for libel. We thought then, and we think still, that opinion ought to be left to combat opinion, and that a Ministry who dreads the freest expre'ssion of public sentiment on their principles or policy are not fit to exercise power in a free State. Besides, that the Press should be really useful, as an organ of opinion, it ought to be exempt from the influence of servile terror, for any evil that -may be incident to the occasional abuse of its freedom is not to be compared to the great and permanent disad vantage which the public interests would have to sustain from that coercion of sentim ent which must be destructive of its independence. One of the most beneficial duties which the P ress performs for. society is the free criticism which it exercises on the character of public measures, and the conduct and actions of public men. But how can the politi ca l criticism of a Journalist be free if the sword of penal law be perpetually suspended over his neck b y t h e single hair of an Attorney-General's caprice or arbi trary discretion ? Li tera ry criticism is privileged, so that no writer who undertakes to review a work is answerable in a Court of Law for having dispraised or ridiculed it unjustly. Nay, if the work were one of the finest that ever emanated from the pen of genius, and the critique upon it one of the most malevolent and defamatory that could be engen dered by literary envy, hatred, and malice, there would be no right of action for damages, although it might for the present destroy the sale of the work, nor would the reviewer be liable to a criminal pro ceeding unless he travelled out of his wa y to attack the private character of the writer ; and yet the lite rary reputation of an author is of as much cen3e quence to him as his political fame is to a Minister of State—and a sensitive author is as likely to be provoked to a breach of the peace by an attack on the one as the statesman is by an assault on the other; yet the law says it is better that unjust criti cisms on literary works should go unpunished than that the spirit of criticism Should not be free; and so we say of political criticism. As long as the writer confines himself to a free commentary upon public measures, or the public conduct of men in power, and does not go out of his way to attack and defame their private characters, so long should his comments have that full privilege which, at the Bar, in the Senate, and in literary criticism, is found to be essential to the independence of opinion. Entertaining these sentiments, we need scarcely add that we cannot approve of the prosecution of Mr. Cobbett for a po litical libel, by whatever Ministry it might have been instituted; but least of all can we commend it when proceeding from a Whig Administration, many of whose Members, when in opposition, were in the habit of drinking with fervour the standing toast of patriotism, " The liberty of the Mess : it is like the air we breathe—if we have it not we die." We deeply lament the excesses into which the labour ing classes were hurried last winter, but can the Government pretend that they were not foretold as the natural and inevitable consequence of the di.. tress and misery which prevailed among the agricultural labourers, and the contemptuous re jection of all petitions for inquiry into the existence and causes of that distress by the Duke of Wellington's Administration and the Parliament, which sympathised not with the people, but with the Ministry, whose want of wisdom drove the people to despair ? We said that if the doors of Parliament were shut in the faces of the distressed and supplicating multitudes, it would probably lead to a " servile war ;" and, if our advice had been taken, Special Commissions, and the desecration of the festival of Christmas by the tragic progress of justice with a naked sword and the apparatus of extermination would have been unnecessary. Besides, whenever any writer indulges in strong remarks upon the policy of any Government, or the supposed tendency of such 1 policy, are there not others who write as stronglyil on the other side l Why then cannot a Govern ment allow its friends in the Press to fight the battle of opinion with its adversaries? There were writers who consigned Mr. Cobbett to a dungeon for life before he was tried—we are not sorry their predic tions have not yet been fulfilled. Chains and dun geons may make martyrs to opinion, but they can not make converts.—Morning Herald. The discussions, or rather conversations, in the House of Commons last night are worth reading, though there are not many topics calling for parti cular notice. In the case of the writ for Liverpool, we really think it would be better to lose one Mem ber, though a sure vote for Reform, than to oppose a sound principle of justice. We see no good reason why the House should not avail itself of a regularly presented opportunity of marking the disgraceful cor ruption of that important town with some strong expressions of indignation. We are pleased to ob eerve that Mr. Stanley withdrew the clause in his Irish Bill for punishing with transportation the pos session of unregistered arms; but we may suggest that measures of this important nature ought always to be gravely considered before they are proposed to Parliament. There was something hasty and rash in this clause, which we did not like from the first. Mr. Hume made some useful remarks on the mono poly of the hackney-coarb trade, and of its certain consequence—the filthy condition of those public conveyances. There certainly is in no town in Great Britain, or on the continent, so dirty and ricketty a vehicle as a London hackney-coaeh. Lord Althorp professed his readiness to remedy the evil as soon as possible. In the Committee of Supply the Hon. Member for Preston—who, because he gives utterance to the most vulgar prejudice, and the most ignorant balderdash, fancies (poor creature) that he is representing the people of England ( ! )—opposed the grant of a few hundred pounds to some Professors of Oxford and Cambridge. We think it would be more dignified tor the Universities to pay their own functionaries; yet, when it is considered that the 7,000,00 G indivi duals of whom Mr. Hunt speaks, would not (if they, to the exclusion of the rest of the people of , Great Britain and Ireland, paid the whole grant) be taxed to a greater extent than the amount of one eighth of a farthing per head, the outcry raised by this poor man's advocate seems somewhat pottioned to the occasion. Some reference was made by the necessity of a aational gallery for works of art, the want of which is e disgrace to the country. We can only say that a very great impression (we know not whence it originated) has for some time prevailed that one of the London Palaces would be munificently dedicated to this public object. Before the House concluded its sit ting, Lord Althorp intimated that it was the inten tion of Ministers to go through with the English, Reform Bill before they commenced the discussion on the Irish and Scotch Bills. This is an excellent resolution : it will prevent confusion in argument, and, by simplifying the proceedings, will conduce to a clearer understanding of the subject, and to a saving of time. Our orators for the most pert, as indeed is mostnatural and easy, " dicunt multo, non auniarnni iu u ni; „ but it is something to remove part of the tion from the stores of their common-places. We hail any plan which will abridge declamation in the dog-days. The set speeches of la" promising young Members" of nominationboroughs are quite as terrible as that old Roman . Augusto reeitantes men roe'stivan'eri-net The Jury who tried Cobbett had tolerable . job of it ! From nine o'clock one morning, a ti n ll ro m m ne the next, in Court li,tening, and in their iav s uppose) reasoning, upon the guilt or innocen ce o(W e e t the defendant ! The Chief Justice discharged them yesterday, at about the same hour that the trial com menced the day before; they being able to come to no decision. Cobbett says that they were equally divided, but it appears that the difference was as 0 to 2 : we suppose t wo sturdy fellows being for a h i c acquittal, and 10 against it. But even if only ,one had been for the acquittal, and . eo . uld not have ieloi convinced that lw was ;n error, a Is mote con genial to the spirit of an humane jurisprudence, that the merciful opinion of the one, rather than the se vere judgment of the eleven, should prevail. The principle of our law is, upon criminal cases, not that all should be made to agree, but that if all are not convinced by the evidence adduced of the guilt of the accused, he should he .acquitted: We were sorry to see the Attorney-General slab ber him over with a mass of foul flattery, as a great master of our language; for, after all, the chief and predominant quality of his mind is impudence, and his brightest flower of rhetoric, lying. But a inan is not to be sent to prison simply because he is impudent and a liar : we are not therefore sur prised at his acquittal. We came in for a share of his abuse proportioned to the severity of the chas tisement which we have frequently been obliged to inflict upon him ; and as he had nothing to say against us which we could not refute in a minute, he invented what we have no doubt is a detestable falsehood, against one who we believe has been dead near thirty years, and who therefore, even if it were worth while to refute such 3 slanderer, could not defend himself, or supply us with the means of doing it. Bestowing the coarsest and most absurd abuse on the Whigs, he endeavours to coupi. u with them. We will tell him how far and how long we have been attached to the Whigs :—since they became real, sincere, and bona fide Reformers, which, up to the extent of their talents, we believe them to be at the pre sent moment. The Duke of Wellington carried the Catholic Bill, for which we cordially applauded him; he also originated some useful =mores of re trenchment, fur which we gave him credit; and were, to a certain degree, attached to his Admini stration as the best practical one which the country could then obtain : but the moment he declared himself the decided and uncompromising enemy of Reform, he had our decided and uncompromising opposition. We sought all fair and honourable op portunities of overthrowing his Ministry . , and it was not long before it was dissolved. The Whigs, theeee fore, came to us,—we did not go to them : our po sition was unchanged, and we believe it to be un changeable. And we can tell Mr. Cobbetr, that our means and powers for supporting or opposing a Ministry, or of effecting any politic:el object what ever, ale very different, both in quality and quan tity, from those which he possesses, or ever did possess, even when his character was better than it is at present. —Times. We pay little attention to the reports with which silly people amuse themselves at the west end of the town, that the Lords will not pass the Reform Bill. We take it for granted, that men are not ut terly destitute of common sense, merely because they happen to be Lords, and that a rich Peer, having an equal interest with other rich men in the tranquillity of the country, will riot be such a fool as to place his property and the property of ell others in jeo pardy, merely to enable a certain number belonging to his order, who have not much property of their own, to live luxuriously at the expence of the nation. A contemporary (the Globe) says, that " the Duke of Wellington, without whom the Tories seem to have no competent leader—indeed no one on whose judgment and decision they can themselves rely : —is much leas disposed than he was to oppose the Ministers." What has been said of the Duke of Wellington is eztremely probable. His Grace was opposed to Catholic gmancipation but when he foiled that to withhold it longer would endanger the peace of the country he yielded, Who has not heard of his famous declaration re specting the evils of civil war ? But what is the danger in the case alluded to, compered with,the dan ger to which a rejection of the Reform Rili might expose us ? As to the issue, indeed, we are under no apprehension ; but what we dread is the effect of any apprehension in paralysing industry. One of the great causes of the extravagant expenditure of Eng land is the peculiar constitution of the House of Peers. So early as the time of Sir William Temple there were, he tells us, great complaints against " the number of Peers being very great in propor tion to what it formerly was ;" and " that so many in that House have very small, and some perhaps no estate of land in England, contrary to the original institution." He recommended by way of remedy, a fixed resolution in the Crown to create no Baron who shell not at the same time entail four thousand, pounds a year (more than sixteen thousand pound s now) upon that honour whilst it continues in hi. family; a Viscount five ; an Earl siss, a Marquis se ven, and a Duke eight. By this the respect and hopou or the Peerage of England would be in some measur restored, not only in points that concern their judira ture,but in that interest and influence among the peopl e by which they have often been so great a support to the Crown in the reigns of wise and good Kings, arid to the liberties of the people in the unfortunate times of weak Princes, or evil and ambitious Mini sters." Since that time the Government of this country has been completely changed—it has be come Parliamentary. The boroughmongering sys tem, hardly known at the Revolution, has attained a fearful maturity. The effect of that system is to make in reality only one House of Parliaments—the Peers themselves, who sit in one place, and their nominees, who sit in another. To perpetuate this system, it is well known that every man who ac quired an extensive property in boroughs was ele vated to the peerage. The Peers thus, by pos sessing a majority in the House of Commons, in reality possessed the House of Commons. But here came into operation the mighty evil which has grown to such magnitude as to leave us no option between Reform and revolution. All the new r:ch Peers were thrown into the House of Lords, inn order that the Lords might be literally Parliament. But the poor Peers were not got rid of as the order was strengthened by the new rich ones ; and as each poor ve r' s vote counts for as much in the House of Lords as the vote of the richest Duke, the order of Peer.; were under the neeeaeity of availing themselves of their command of the public purse to obtain the votes of the pates perized Peers. Hence all sorts of devices have been resorted to in oider to find suitable incomes for these national paupers. The Church, our Co lonies, the Army, the Navy, are all eoo little for these incurrilerapees on the nation. Had a sum of one or two millions beer taken at once from the na tion for the sake of distribution among these pau pers, there would have been compaeetively little harm. But in order to find a place for a Lord, or a Lord's ;en or brother, in a colony, hundreds of toad-eaters eeiss! dependents must also be provided for. That a Colnawid,s . may have an income, the inferior officers and private z essust also be main ee;ese4, Rapacity has been carried a fa: in those colonies which are without the protection of ad..e quate local Parliseseents, that the very estates founded for colleges and schools, rend for the poor, have been seized en by these aristocratici.l paupers, who, for services for which a native of the place eni,ght re ceive 504 or ;01. a year, are crammed to the ex tent of 5,0001. or •;aOO/. a year. The pro-con sular repacity of ancient Rome has been out-done by the rapaCity of the aristocratical paupers of Eng land and their retainees, The details of the Mau ritiue, Malta, &c., are beyond meesere disgra,ceful. There are, no doubt, many men in the House of Pew who, having no stake in the country, would be ready to t heow things into confusion, rather than abandon the power of living at the expence of the people. But these men will nor, of themselves, dare to make head against this griak.s nation ; and we tsust the men of good estates will have too much judgment to countenance them in their desperate' designs. The people still no longer tolerate the system of fraud, hypocrisy, en,d corruption, with a view to pillage and plunder. That system is at an end. The people have pronounced sentence of i eh manyeir our situationo history. oose t 0 at be condemnation on it with a unanimity unexampled t Afoad o r r i f s t t ht o he c i r sa a d c haveadvantages industrious t a g n e Te thele grateful richh e ingenious nation gives them. They cannot, forget themselves so far as to rislc ' t t hest • Ingratitude tnight perhaiA compete it with • ease of Sir Francis tturdett impudence, in the obs tuwchahtinecodho advantage; for nothing. We say nothing ; but we might say that a rich Peer has a distinct interest in putting an end to the boroughmongering system, by hich he gains less than is drawn from him unnecessa rily through a wasteful expenditure of the public money. Mr. Devereux,in a pamphlet in the shape ofa letter to the people of England, on Lord John Rus cell's Reform Bill, observes, that if the schemes of Ikey Solomons had not been stopped short by the law, " he would have been 'as good a .boroUghmon-' ger as the best of them; but'Would that'halie con stituted him one of the legitimate aristocracy ? It would not. Therefore nothing can b e m ore un j us t than those attempts incessantly made to bring odium on English gentlemen—the legitimat e aristocracy of England—by confounding them with boroughmon gers." The boroughmongers would offer up the re ligion and morality of the people on the altar of 'heir Moloch. But the sentence has gone forth, that boroughmongering shall be at an end. We know that the Lords will not throw out the Bill, because we \vi il not suppose any set of men in this country so absurdly mad as to presume that they can prevent the execution of the great measure to which the English people look for their political regeneration. We would, therefore, wish to allay the alarms of those at a distance, who think worse of th e discre tiou of the Lords than they ought. As brave and manly Britons, we eanuoi:, perhr,ps, blame them for being en their guard. But we believe in our hearts that there will be no call on their resolution. The Lords know that, the nation is on this occasion as one man; and they will be prudent and wise. The people of Glasgow will have no call for their black Lags, that from steeple to steeple the melancholy tidings may he proclaimed through the land.— Morning Chronicle. We are not a little amused with the cool confi dence assumed in the paragraph of an Evening Contemporary of yesterday, which assures us that it is now believed that the opposition to the Re farm Bill 'will be much less in the House of Lords than the friends of the measure had anticipated. Our Contemporary has evidently been imposed upon by some wag; but it is rather a cruel joke on a Paper which is desirous of being in good odour with the Government to make it insert a piece of irony which in the present circumstances of the Ministers they will feel very keenly. We are rather surprised that a journal, not generally deficient in sharpness, should have been taken in by so palpable a quiz; for the author of the paragraph goes on to say, that the Duke of Wellington is much less disposed then he was to oppose the Ministers, although his Grace's opinions on the subject of Reform may have under gone no change ! Is it not strange that this ludicrous nonsense should have passed for a moment as serious intelligence ? Our Contemporary has been caught napping; had it only referred to the Time: of the morning, it would have ;pen how the affair really stands between the Ministers and their hopes of success in the House of Peers. They are, in truth, io a very great frigfit, and wish for nothing so heartily as to get rid of this Reform Bill without bringing it before the Lords, well knowing that this is their only chance of holding place until the commencement of another Session, and of giving them tit chance of any thing that may occur in the interim to enable them to keep in. Put thin is im possible. They are too ignorant of business to be able to carry on the affairs of the country. Blunders arid failures rise up in every direction where they hove attempted to do ,any thing, and the disgust against them is becoming general. They know this too; arid, with the knowledge pressing heavy upon them, to be gravely told by one of their own newspapers that they prosper exceedingly with the House of Lords, is rather too bad.—Morning Post. FOREION INTELPGENCE. FRE N Cld PAPERS. (From the Moniteur of Wednesday.) _ _ PARIS, JULY s.—To-day, at two o'clock, the King received, at the Paleis Royal, the compli ments and congratulations of the Diplomatic Body. Her Majesty the queen, the Prince and Princesses of the Royal Family, and the King's Ministers were present on the occasion. The Parliamentary operations of the Colleges of Paris have been accomplished to-day with the greatest order. Persons of all opinions have agreed in acknowledging the securities with which the electoral right has been this year invested.' No com plaint has been made. The results that are known must satisfy the friends of order and liberality. The punctuality which the electors have shown, is a pledge of that which they will show to-morrow to complete their work, The accounts already received from the Depart ments announce an equally favourable result. (From the Message?. des Chambres, July 7.) PARTS, JULY s.—The German Journals received this morning, contain no news from Poland. The Prussian Stale Gazette has not come to hand of 4 later date than the 23d June. The Pi!vie du Calvados says, that the appear. :Ince of the crops is more favourable than it has been for many years, and it is hoped, that if the fine weather continues, the harvest wilt turn out most abundant and very early. These favourable ap. pearances have caused a fall in the prices of corn, which had risen considerably. The crop of hay baa been extremely satisfactory to the farmer. A letter from Calais of July 3, says, " that thg importation of coin has amounted this week to two millions fifty thousand francs." SWITZERLAND, CANTON OF FRIIIIJR(i.—In the Sitting of 25th June, the Great Council adopted a Decree which places that body very high in public opinion, and forms a singular contrast with what is passing in other countries; the following is the Decree ;-- AnT. 1. All the citiiens condemned for political opi nions in 1814, deserved well of their country s the still sub. sisting effects of their sentences against them are annulled. " 2. The sums which Messrs. Francois Due Chaperis, Advocate ; Joseph Pearaman, Joseph Wieky, Jean Joseph Combat, Ancient Councillor ; Ch. Voulanten G. D'Affry, Blanc, Ancient Cour.cillor ; Jacques Wieky, Monard, Surgeon ; and Fourneer, Advocate, have bad to pay undef the title of damages, shall, on their application, be repaid to them or to their heirs. " 3. The repayment shall be made by equal annual in - st ilments of one• thir d, beginning from the Ist Jan. 1832." The Gazelle de France of Wednesday has a long article against the remarks of some English Papers on the supposed plans of the Duchess of Berri ; and in reply to the Conslilulionnel , which stetes that letters from Spain announce that the Duchess of Berri, as Regent of the kingdom for Henry V., had appointed a Council, consisting of Messrs. de Blacas, D'Haussez, de Montbel, &c. &c. &c. The Gazette sar—" All this is a tissue of extravagancies, which have no foundation whatever. What we can affirm is, that if so Mad ap enterprise were to take place, no person of Monarchical sent;ra,znts would join in it either in the south or in the west. The pert of the Royalists is defence, and never aggression. DUTCH PAPERS. THE HAGUE, JULY s.—Nothing is yet certainly known with respect to the answer of our Govern ment to the new proposals of the conferences at London. Some persons afirm that these proposals are mit approve 4 on our side, and that they have given occasion to e nary gnerptig protest. These however, are at present but mere reports. It seems probable, according to the natural course of events, that we have no positive information respecting the answer which the Government may give, or have already given, before it has been transmitted to the Conference at London. Baron Von Wessenburg is still here and had yesterday the honour of dining with the King. It is supposed he will leave the Hague by the end of the week. His Excellency Lieutenant-General Cort Heili gers addressed on the 22d June a letter to his Excel lency the Governor of South Holland, highly com mending the excellent conduct of the militia of South Holland, under his command. 6.—His E xce ll ency Li eu t.- General de Kock has for the present fixed his head- ROTTERDAM, .IT_TLY quartera at Asell. All is tranquil at the outpost. of Axell, but the passage of horses, cannon, ammuni tion, waggons, arms, and military stores to the 4th and sth districts of Zealand continues without inter ruption. Our position and military force in those parts beconie.daily stronger, and we are now in a condition' vigbrously to repel every hostile attack that may -be attempted. WAnsAw,,,,JRIN.27,—The extreme astonishment caused by_ the result of the late expedition against General Rudiger continues unabated. A letter from sn pfficer of high rank in the corps of General Jan kowski, published in our State Gazette, relates that Rudiger, whom it was proposed to surprise and sur round on the other side of the Wieprz, was, by some inconceivable means, informed of the design, and surprised the Poles himself by his appearance on the right bank. Even there he might have been sur rounded and beaten by a superior force, had not Jan kowski, and his brother-in-law Bukowski, neglected to support General Tarno, so that the Russian Ge neral, who was invested on three sides by a superior force, not only escaped, but captured a military chest and a park of artillery. This event gave rise to very violent debates, in a Sitting of the two Chambers united, the day be fore yesterday. It was proposed not only to call to Recount the Generals who had suffered Rudiger to escape, but also other Generals who are reproached as having neglected their duty on former occasions. It was therefore proposed that a letter should be sent to the General-in-Chief, desiring him to bring before a cotirt,martial, not only the two Generals above named, but Generals Umin s ki, Dzi e k ons ki Stryjen ski, and Ambrosius Skarzynski. It was, however, , objected that it would not be advisable to name the Generals suspected of having been deficient in their duty, and it was therefore resolved, by a majority of 46 to 22, to com.mun:et4e to the General the notes of the present Sitting, and at the same time to invite him to examine, without delay, into the circumstances of the conduct of the Generals ac cused, and to report to the Chambers the result of the investigation. In the same Sitting it was re soloed, on the motion of the Minister of War, to make a general requisition of horses, with some ex ceptions. The National Government has now called the na tion en marse to arms, conformably to an ordinance resolved on the 17th of February, but which it was not at that time thought fit to carry into effect.— Nobles and farmers, who are able to provide them selves with horses, are to form the cavalry, and be armed with pikes, sabres, and pistols. All others belong to the infantry, who will carry scythes and pikes, and those who possess them muskets. The Jews are also included in the levy, which extends to all the male population from the age of 17 to that of 50 years. AMSTERDAM, .itil.Y 1.1. Actual Debt, 2% per cent, • ;37 to 37 Amort Syutic i 4% pe.r cent. 59% to 6N Ditto, ditto, 3;4 per cent., 49% to 504 —Dritolt Papers, July 7. OLD BAILEY, JULY 8. Elizabeth Row, aged 30, was indicted for stealing a great many articles of linen and wearing apparel the property of Mrs. Sheppard, her mistress, with whom she had lived about three months. The case was fully made out, and the Jury found her Guilty. The RECORDER immediately had the prisoner called up for judgment. He told her that it was quite impossible for her to live in comfort and safety in this country; she might do well in another—he hoped she would; and he therefore sentenced her to seven years' transportation, NEW COURT. Caroline Booth and Eliza Harrington, two sisters, were indicted for stealing a purse containing three Bank of gn g )and notes for 51. each, thirteen sove reigns, two half-sovereigns, and some 1005 e silver, the property of Mr. Elias White. The facts of the case were that the prosecutor,who described himself as a widower, residing in Drury lane, went into one of the infamous houses in its vicinity with the females, one of whom rubbed him. The Jury found Booth Guilty, and Harrington Not Guilty. The COURT sentenced Booth to be transported for seven years. SENTENCES. The trials having concluded, the RECORDER passed sentences on the following convicts :-- DEATH.—Thomas Shearman, for horse-stealing; James Cafes, for uttering a forged order for the payment of money ; William Young, for housebreaking and larceny ; Ann Hyde, for stealing in a dwelling-house above the value of 51. ; James Evans, for cattle-stealing ; Geo. Bentham, for stealing in a dwelling-house; Thomas Horner Stone, for housebreaking and larceny; Thomas Tiernay, for bur glary; Wm. Vincent, for stealing in a dwelling-house (this prisoner banded up a written paper to the Recorder, who, having read it, said that it contained no fact that could warrant the Court in respiting the judgment ; the petition, however, should be laid before his Majesty in Council when the Report was made) ; W. Richmond, for stealing in a dwelling-house ; Joseph Backler, for uttering a forged order for the payment of money (this convict also handed i❑ a petition, to which the Recorder replied in the same terms as he had to Vincent) ; Edward Smeetham, for cutting and stabbing ; John Bnurnes, for maliciously stabbing a man with intent to do him sonic grievous bodily harm ; John Cronin, for maliciously cutting and stabbing Fuller the policeman, with intent to kill and murder him ; Robert Scutton, for uttering a forged order for the pay ment of money; Win. Jones, for housebreaking and lar ceny; Geo. W) brough, for stealing above the amount of 51. in a dwelling-house ; Margaret Smith, for a like offence ; Thomas Howe, for stealing from the person ; Geo. Hammond, for housebreaking and larceny; Mary He therman, for stealing in a dwelling-house ; Mary Jackman, for a robbery from the person ; John Carney, fur house breaking and larceny ; Chas. Penrose, for stealing in a dwelling-house above the amount of 5/. ; John Lee, for housebreaking and larceny ; Alphonse Rapin, for stealing in a dwelling-house ; and George Smith, for feloniously cutting a stamp from a sheet of parchment which had been used, and affixing the same to another parchment, with intent to defraud his Majesty's Commissioners of the Stamp Office. To HE TRANSPORTED FOR LlFE.—George Poulden, James Cowell, Wm. Clark, Charles Simmons, John Sheen, John Silk, Wm. Thompson, John Martin, John Cullen, Robert Predhurst, John Morris, Edward Molloy, Henry Collier, Win. Rose, Ann Andrew., George Rayne, Henry Thompson. TO BE TRANSPORTED FOR FOURTEEN YEA RS.--Twenty. Sixty-three convicts were sentenced to be transported for seven years. The judgment of the Court was respited on John Jordan, John Brown, Wm. Brown, and George Frederick Reinhart. The remainder of the convicts were sentenced to various periods of imprisonment, from two years down to seven Clays, after which the Sessions were adjourned. One of the great benefits of the present liberal system of publication is, that it gives us works of im portance that were hitherto high-priced, not only at a cheap rate, but with all the advantages of careful editorial superintendence. As an instance of this we need only mention 800 tut ENNE's Life of Naror,Eotr, just published, by Messrs. C01...7URN and BENTLEY, to which are added elaborate notes, gleaned from every available and authentic soutce, to illustrate and elucidate the text. Embellish inents of a high and costly order are scattered profusely through its pages; and the whole is got up in a style of remarkable elegance and beauty. Yet this splendid pub lication that supplies all tho de4ciendes of its prototype, and literally leaves nothing to desire, is presented to the pu blic at half the price of the A ypiang Irishman (placed by his friends as a student at the Veterinary College) being in company with some of his colleagues, was asked, " If a broken-winded horse were brought to him for cure, what he would ad vise? After considering for a moment, " By the powers," said he, " I should advise the owner to sell it as soon as possible."—lffirror. [ WALL Ea rece i ved from ORIGIN of the TERM " LO BSTER, " as ap. r Thri to SOLDIERS —The following i s recorded in Cla- Lt r h e n h en a yd o eo n an ' : alH6f fresh 53 / o h :r_y supply stihroe of 500 1 R v j ot " oi Rebellion, a lcn, as havi ng occurred in hone, under th e command of Sir ARTHUR flasuttc, which w ere so completely armed, t h a t they were called by the King's party th e regiment of lobsters,' because of their bright i ron s h e ll s, with which they were covered , being perfect cuirassiers, and were th e first seen so armed on either side." TREASURY MUTE OF JUNE 91, My Lords, take into consideration the Act of the 3d Ceo. IV. cap. 113, for the regulating the amount of allowances which may be granted to civil officers in the public - service, who have become unfit from infirmity of body or mind, to execute the duties of their situations, and also the conditions under which the grant of such alloWances are authorized. The scale of allowances inserted in the Act is the highest rate which superannuated officers can legally receive, except in snch extraordinary cases as may be brought under the special cognizance of Parliament. My Lords, upon a mature consideration of the Act, are clearly of opinion that it was not the inten !ion of the Legislature that the full allowance authorized by the scale attached to the Act should be granted indiscriminately to all entitled to super annuations, but that while that allowance was con fined to servants of the public who have served with diligence and fidelity, the amount should be adapted to the individual merits and particular cir cumstances of each case. The Act imposes on this Board the highly re sponsible duty of fixing, subject to the conditions contained therein, the allowances in all cases, except those in which the Lords Commissioners of the Ae miralty may obtain the sanction to a superannus tion allowance from the King in Council. It appears to my Lords, that in fulfilling the im portant duty which Parliament has thus imposed upon them, it is their duty to consider carefully all the particulars of health, of age, and of the cir cumstances of the parties interested, and whetever they are holding any other public situation, or re ceiving any other public money whatsoever; but especially, as the object of the Legislature was to furnish a provision for those who, by their diligent and faithful services, had deserved well of their country, it is incumbent on my Lords to have par ticular reference to, and to take into attentive con sideration the services of each individual. To en able, therefore, my Lords to do justice to the public, and to the superannuated officers, it is necessary that they should receive a more detailed statement than heretofore of the merits, value, and extent of services which each officer recommended for super annuation may have performed ; for my Lords are clearly of opinion that the highest rate of allowance authorised by the Act ought to be given in those cases only in which the services performed have been proved to their satisfaction to have been more than ordinarily meritorious, and to have engrossed fully the time and attention of the officer, excepting during a moderate period allowed for relaxation and health. In the exercise of the discretion entrusted to them by Parliament, my Lords will consider them selves warranted in ordinary cases to grant an al lowance equal to about 4.sths of the scale authorised by the Act ; but my Lords will deem it their duty to award a lower rate of allowance in cases where it shall appear to them that the services of the parties have not been such as to entitle them to thatamonnt, or where the circumstances shall lead my Lords to consider that a less sum will be proper; and my Lords will also fix the allowance either at the highest amount, or at a rate between 4-sths of, and the . whole of, the amount authorised by the Act, ac cording to the merits of each case, wherever they may appear to entitle the party to more than the ordinary rate. To enable my Lords to exercise their discretion on the principle thus stated, they are pleased to de sire that directions may be sent to the heads of all the departments of Government, acquainting them with the views and intentions which my Lords have expressed, and desiring that in every case in which any civil public officer is recommended for su perannuation, the recommendation may be ac companied by such a, statement as will ex hibit the merit, and value, and extent of the services of the person recommended, embracing as long a period of his public services as cat► be authentically stated; and with a view further to assist my Lords in determining the amount of allowance to which the services of each individual may entitle him, they consider it necessary that they should be acquainted with every circumstance which may affect the services of the applicants; and as the actual amount of attendance which an officer may have given to his public duties must necessarily form a material feature in the extent of his claims on the public to be supported when he becomes in firm, my Lords desire that the heads of depart meats, when they recommend any individual whom soever for superannuation, should be required to state the number of days on which the individual has been present in his office during each of the-preced ing ten years, stating also the number of days on which he has been absent each year by reason of sickness. Nly Lords are aware that in many public offices a record is kept of the attendance of the officers and clerks every day ;and in those offices in which either no record, or an imperfect record is kept, my Lot ds desire that a perfect record may be kept in future, embracing the name of every individual who considers himself entitled to the benefit of the Superannuation Act ; which records my Lords require on the ground that the claim of each person to a pension for life on account of his services must depend partly on the proport'on of his time which has been given to the public service; and that my Lords must be much guided in determining the amount of superannuation allowance by a reference to the extent of actual at tendance given by each person. And in departments in which either no record, or an imperfect record is kept, the heads of such de partments are desired to furnish the best information in their power of the extent of attendance given by each person recommended for superannuation, whc se daily attendance may not be on record, stating whe ther such attendance had been very constant and very punctual,' or regular,' or otherwise, with any explanation they may have to offer, transmitting at the same time the exact statement of the attend ance of those persons, from the period when the order to keep a perfect record shall come into opera tion, which my Lords desire may commence on the Ist of July, 1831. My Lords are aware that the value of an officer's services and the extent of his exertions are not al- ways in proportion to the number of days on which he may have attended in his office; but my Lords are nevertheless persuaded that in general the best and most useful public servants give the best attend ance. My Lords are not unconscious of the import ance and delicacy of the duty which Parliament has imposed on them of thus inquiring into and esti mating the services of a meritorious body of public servants; and my Lords are resolved to e - 4ercise that task with strict attention to impartiality. They are therefore plea se d t o d es i re th a t no minute for fixing any sup erannuat i on a ll owance s h a ll pass this Board until the case shall have been pre viously submitted to the investigation of two of the Members of this Board, who shall examine into its merits, and call for such information as they may think necessary, and report to my Lords the allow ance which they may consider just, on the principle defined in this minute, and if there be any circum stances which may distinguish it from ordinary cases, they are desired to state them in their re ports; and my L or d s f ee l confident they shall be . assisted in their intentions by the heads of the' different departments, on the fidelity of whose recom mendations must putinly dePend the power of this • Board to administer . fair•and equal justice, My Lords, 'therefore, desire that all letters and reports now in the office recommending officers for superannuation, including those in which provi sional allowances have been granted, may be re turned to the respective departments, with direc tions for again transmitting those cases with as little delay as posible, according to the regulations laid down in this minute; and as it is highly desirable that one principle should operate in determining the amount of superannuation allowances to be granted to all civil servants of the public, my Lords direct that a copy of this minute may be sent to the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, with the request of this Board to be acquainted whether their ILordshipg gee any objection to the superannuation allowances in the c i v il d e p artments o f the navy being regulated on the principle which my Lords h a ve de' termined to adopt in all other departments of the public service. And if the Board of Admiralty sr prove of that principle, my Lords trust in the CO' operation of that Board to give it full effect. MARKET INTELLIGEgeFT LONDON MARKETS. (From the. London New Price Current of yesterday.) t SUGAR.-There is great improvement in the general asp e' the Sugar mark e t d ur i ng t h e present week; the prices rather more firm. The estimated purchases are 3,800 hhds. alt", trs. At the close of the market this afternoon the low brong' Sugars must be quoted 6d. to Is. higher ; they are particularly quired after. In the Refined trade there is again more firmness , and apparently a reviving disposition to*do business. The (le' mand for shipping has be e n c hi e fl y con fi ned to large and sma ll lumps at 625. a 64 5 ., an d th e l owest descriptions have readiu brought the form er quo t a ti on ; the f i ne descriptions howeve`, (equal to the double refined) continue neglected, and em.hav bee, sold upon lower terms, purchases of them havo been de, crashed 335. a 335. Gd., and at which ther e are st ill parcels of f e r' ing in the market ; in the other descriptions of crashed scared, anv thing has been done. EAST INDIA SUGARS.-.The holders of Mauritius Sugat s appear to be inclined to refrain ftom selling at thepresent price; only about 1,100 bags have been sold at the current market prices this week. About 2,000 bags low to good strong white Slam 20s. a 245. 6d., yellow 15s. 6d. a 19s. ; Java in bad condition 15s. 6d. a 195., 826 bags yellow Ben ga l 17 s. FOREIGN SUGARS.-The market has been dull, on account of Foreign Sugars not being now allowed in the refineries for ex ' port. The reduction i n t h e pr i ces of HaVannah Sugar, whiel , we mentioned on Friday last, has facilitated sales; the propor' tion taken in at the public sale of that day have sincebeen taken at sale prices, white 325. a 355., good fine yellow 225. a 245. At public sale 86 chests Bahia, low to middling grey and white I9s. fid. a 22d. 6d. brown to fine yellow IGs. a 18s. 6d., being again Is. lower ; 200 chests white Pernams by private contract 235. a 20s. which was Is. higher than the late lowest point of the market. This day 27 boxes Havannah still lower, 295. a32s. 6d.: 1 97 chests Brazil fair prices. COFFEE.-All descriptions of British Plantation Coffee suf again 2s. higher; Jamaica and Dominica are in particular sought after; broken Coffee has sold 58s. a 505., good ord. 525. a 545. The Foreign and East India sell freely at the late advanced prices. The sales of Coffee this week are about 1,000 bags Brazil, above 2,000 bags East India (a large parcel of Mocha, but mostly withdrawn), about 1,400 bags Havannah, a small parcel of St. Domingo, about 1,000 packages of Jamaica, 500 of Demerara and Berbice, and about 100 packs Dominica ; the whole went off with much spirit at the advance we have stated. This day's sale :-The ord. mixed broken Bahia sold 3455. a 395. 6d.; Mocha 525. a 6.35. ; mid. Dominica 545. a 595. ; Demerara, triage 465, fine ord. 545. a 565. ; Jamaica, triage 515., fine ord, 565., good mid. 775. a 80s. By private contract some St. Domingo has been sold at 425. The cheapest Coffee in the market now is Brazil and East India ; Batavia, 31s. a 395., Sumatra 295. a 315., Ceylon 38s. a 40s. RUM, BRANDY, AND HOLLANDS.-Parcels of proof and under have been sold at Is. 5d., and 5 over at Is. 534c1.; the latter a parcel of about 150 puns. In Jamaica no sales of any extent arc reported. Brand• and Geneva are without alteration. HEMP, FLAX, AND TALLOW. -There are few sales of Tallow to report, the prices arc nearly nominal; very extensive contracts for delivery in September, have been made at a decline of Is. to Is. Gd. per cwt., say 395. to 40s. Tallow on the spot 41s. to 41s. Gd. in Hemp or Flax there is no material al teration. COTTON.—There is little variation in Cotton. The sales consist of 880 Bengal, ord 4d., good ord., C i d. ; 1,300 Surat, good fair 470. ; 800 ditto public sale, ord. 4d., very tine 63. d.; 2.10 Bengal ditto, mid. good fair 4%c1. ; 170 Bahia, publiC sale, mid. 5701.; 150 Demerara ditto, ord. 574 d., good fair 7%d.; 230 Egyptian ditto, good fair 7%d. to 7V,d. Public sales thi s d a y —230 Surat, ord. to fair 4 1 ,4 d. to 434 d.; 50 Bowed, ord. to good 516 d. to ti ; d. WOOL—The Wool Market continues in the same dull state as for some time past, the buyers holding oil; and the holders urns as to prices ; there is no doubt the ord. and mid. Wools must fully maintain their present prices. PRICE OF SUGAR. The average price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, competed from the Returns made in the week ending July 5, is 225. 11%d. per cwt., exclusive of the duties of customs paid orpayable thereon on the importation thereof into Great Britain. PRICES OF HOPS.—July 8. 71 Os. 71. 153. to 11/. Os. 61 6s. 61. 12s. to 61. lEts. 71. Os. 71. 10s. to 91. Os. 0/. Os. 101. Os. to 161 Os. Seconds 0/. Os. 61. Os to 91. Os. 31. Os. 61. Os. to 8/. 51. 12s. 61. Os. to 61. 6s. 61. Os. 71. Os. to 81. 0.. Duty laid at 140,000/. Fe? ex D FamliaTY;bitto. Fi! Kent Pap Sussex Di' Essex Ditto PRICE OF OIL. Rape Oil, brown Refined Linseed Oil 24 10 10 10 5 10 ed Oil Cake at the Mill, per thousand Cake, per ton ‘VHITECHAPEL HAY MARKE'I%—.JuIy 7. Hay 60s. Od. to 841. Od. I Clover Od. to Hes. Straw 32:. Od. to 26i. Od. PRICE OF POTATOES.--July 8. New Potatoes W. N. to 31. 15s. per cwt. ITAW HIDES. Per Stone. s, d. to g. d. Per Stone. a. d. to s.d. Kest Heifers & Stserg2 4 '2 6 Ordinary 18 2 0 Nliddlings 9 0 2 2 Market 6 6 each. SHEEP Long Wool Od. to N. Od. SKINS. I Short W 001...., 03. Od. to Os. Od. Is. 6d. to 2s. 3d. CES OF Per lb. d. to d. to 561 b... 15 21 Ditto-60 to 661 b.— 15 23 Dressing Hides 14 16 Fine Coach Hides 17 181 Crop Hides, 35 to 401 b. 121 134 to 451 h 14 15 4 Ditto 15 164 LEATHER. Per lb. d. to d. Tanned Horse Hides* 15 17 Spanish Ditto i 9 23 Per dozen. Calf 5kina....36 to 411 b. 16 20 Ditto to 701 b. 21 24 Ditto 70 to 801 b. 19 21 Small Seals. Greenland 21 21k PRICE OF TALLO% Town Tallow ............... 455. 6d. Yellow Russia. 43s Od White 435. Od. Soap Ditto 425. Od. Melted 5tuff.................., 335. Od. Ditto Itough--.—.......255. Od. , SOAP, &c. per 1121 b. Yellow 645. Od. Mottled 703. Od. 741.. Od. Graves Good Graves ss. Od. COAL MAW: 272.6 d K ET.—July 8. Adair's .—. Walls End Newmarch.... 296.0 d. 27 0 Walls End Hetton 33 0 Percy Be isham 27 6 Walls End Elgin ---- 25 6 26 6 Lochgelly 24 ' 0 Willington.---w. 29 6 New Flockton, Alilne, Walk End tinsforth -- 30 3 and Co —25 6 Ditto Bell,Robson,&Co. 27 6 South Hetton Seam...—, 26 0 Ditto Northumberland 28 6 Stone Coal Begelly 0 Walls End Riddell's-- 30 0 Ipt at market, 16k— rips sold, 10-Unsold, 6%. COUNTRY CORN MARKETS DURING THE WEEK. Wheat. Barley. Oats. Per Quarter. Ashburn. Basingstoke Bath Bridgewater Bristol. , Chesterfield Derby Devizes Doncaster ....- Dorchester Gloucester. Hungerford Leicester Newbury Bomsey Shaftesbury Shepton Mallet Sherborne Taunt0n..~.....M. Yeovil Per Bushel. Shrewsbury 72 82 60 76 50 74 58 72 60 76 72 76 72 75 66 70 60 76 52 69 66 80 48 68 50 75 - 75 46 77 56 68 Beans, -•-•••••••••••<5. 4(.1 48 40 45 44 58 29 36 36 46 46 52 43 45 40 48 46 44 48 , 41 42 50 38 46 48 40 . 46 36 ' 46 45 40 44 39 46 32 38 40 s. d. a. d. 00 00 44 47 30 43 28 4U 26 39 38 42 30 3S 26 34 24 30 24 32 22 26 22 26 26 32 32 34 26 33 24 34 25 2S 24 32 25 33 21 32 - 29 24 34 21 25 - 27 25 30 22 28 29 37 28 32 36 40 37 41 30 49 35 45 44 30 36 32 3e, 64 72 CO 68 58 72 60 GS s. d. s. d. 10 0 10 6 38 44 32 40 3i 36 38 s. d. 66 79 _ 24 pg s. d. s. d. 60 70 KoSCIUSKO.---THADDEUS KOSCIUSKO*, was born of a noble, but not very illustrious, Lithuanian family, and was early initiated in the science of war, at the Military School of Warsaw. In his youth his affec tions were firmly eng I ged to a young lady, the daughter of the Marshal of Lithuania, but it was his fate to gee WO love crossed, and his inamorata married to ap.)ther, Prince LUDOMIRSKI. He then went to 'France, and on his re , turn applied to STANISLAUS for a military appointment, but was refused, because he was a favourite of ADAM CZARTORISKI, whom STANISLAUS hated. KOSCIUSKO sought to dispel his disappointment in the labours of war. The British colonies of America were then throwing off the yoke of their unnatural mother country—their cause was that of justice and liberty, and one-dear to the heart of a young proud-spirited Pole. Our young hero served in the patriotic ranks of GATES and WASHINGTON, and was appointed aide-de-camp to the latter great General. When the glorious struggle in the new world was crowned with success, he - ,:eturned to his own country, where he foUnd 'in equally glOrious field for his exertions. Fletcher's History of Poland, just published. • lie was born on the 12th of February, 1746, at the chateau of Sienniewicze, near Brzesc-Litewski. 'BIRTHS. On the 4th init. at Shefß . eld, the lady of Lieut.-Colonel Cator„ of a son. On the sth inst. at Brick-hill House, near Bedford; the lady of Lieut.-Col. W. T. Baker, of a daughter. On the 7th inst. at Kentish Town, the lady of Sir J. Williams, of a daughter. On the 3d inst. at Edinburgh, Mrs. L. 11. Yates, of the Adel phi Theatre, of a son. MARRIED. On the 7th inst. at St. George's, Hanover-square, Sir John Ogilvy, of Inverquharity, Bart. to Juli Ana Barbara, -,..11.1g.5t daughter of the l e te Lord Henry Howard, and niece to the Duke of Norfolk. : • ". • • • On the Bth iust. at St. George's church, Hanover.square, X T. Smith, Esq. M.P., to Louisa, third daughter of Sir M. W. Ridley, Bart. M.P. On the 7th inst. at St. Andrew's, Holborn, Mr. Blandford, of Brekington, Somerset, to Maria Russell, eldest daughter of the late' Mr. C. Vincent, of Frome, Somerset. On the 7th init. at Holy' rinitY'Chureh, John ggilvie, of Ilromptop-square, to Mary, second d 4uguter of the late .1: • Hance, F; sq itromptom•Tw. _ - nst. .in Upper Baker-street, Mrs. Katherine Bar- DIED. an -street, Westminster, Mrs. Amyot, Mlb k On the 7th inst. at Clay-hall, Old Windsor, the residence of her daughter, the Duchess of Roxburgh, Mrs. Green, relict of V. Green, Esq., ag e d 86. On the 7th inst. in Man chester-square, S. Jones Vachell, Esq., aged €3. On the 7th inst. in Chancery-latie, Iklary Anne, only daughter of J. Steer, Esq., barrister. i f no Bar foot, , n n e r a t t B g h ho e d e e t h7 7 B;i e . ia i On the 7th inst. in Albemarle -street, Sir John Thorold, But. of Syston Park, county of Lincoln, aged 58. PR INTED AND PUBLISHED BY MURDO YOUNG, AT RIM OFFICE, 112, STRAND, LONDON.' V ROYAL Ai NOTICE BITIO belly Close on Seven o'clo c k pr Achningiou (ever: 7 us lh a i:i t t o h r e s la MARII Ypar4 T c* ir• ing Six Pll • London, Gentleman's So tonttno n attenti , Letters direct iloakeeller, 46, f orwarded to GIBSO:s FOR F No. 8, P 1 A RCITIF cipal announce that have undergone completely Fur t i , h elegant, a hotel equal, if and the beauty A. G. being to insure the u hta house, reel with a shire of tablishment, .cv HOT, COL approved print: AT a L Years rural and hedlt rneu are liberal at Five and Si time of entrant The Premix sive Gardens, contiguous to t Particulars Hatters, 10, N Alr. Pettinger and of Mr. 'Ft street, liolb"I Pupils ente I r arstion, whi toarder, of al. MINERAL ! IVI ONS] mon STREET, B e xtensive patr their profes%io Metropolis, r Publi c in ge CAYED T 1 SUCCEDA faculty of L Tenth is peat. Pain, heat, c TEETH, in a VfIOLE or above INCO st ances, with tee,! to anon eating. The Faeuli eessful result RG BU purpc the demand GESS and best acknowl 41 the same ; bas reeommt sections, . wli t t is thsappointm sorted to by their firm al !signature, w JOHN I much-esteer to be prepa given the gi Warehmt London. STIRLI TE H eve, Strictures, Kidneys, II and other Performing It contains with the S which ma Symptoms, from an iw a perseverzi and increa delicate fet Prepare chapel, fro (neon enc anal 20s. Caution W. Stirlin Agents- Strand ; 27, Newc rey-road, Royal Ex born ; No mot, Bort Wolverhai Stay.- ley, Venders ii IN tic -a- men an evil it cortex of the laws exaction f ax well as as to reqt whose tin eneafully debility, !nailer ti has enery which th Without and be ki creation. diligence, may !ear stitution. from Lot the quad a certain of a eons to do vai which ei Airsar every da pasta of log min i re and else wil oheer v at ( ri