The Sun. — London, England, 1861-10-03 00:00:00

211 E NAVY. CIIATIIAkt, Oct. 2.—The iron-plated frigate De fence, 18, is still lying alongside the sheer-hulk in this harbour, and it is now a matter of doubt as to whether she will be taken into deck during the approaching spring tides, as her masts have not yet arrived at this establishment. The progress of the work will not, however, be much retarded in consequence of any delay in docking her, as much still remains to be done in the interior of the vessel ; whichisbeingrapidly proceeded with. The Defence is to be at once handed over to the dockyard autho rities, and a screw-steamer has today arrived for the purpose of conveying to the factory of the builders, Messrs. Palmer Brothers, Jarrow, on the Tyne, the whole of their gear remaining in the ship together with the workmen sent from their esta blishment for the purpose of completing her. Many of the hands have, however , ob tained work in this dockyard, where there seems to be a good prospect for skilful workers in iron, in. consequence of the immense amount of iron ship-building in progress and in contemplation. No. 3 dock in this yard is now in perfect readiness for the reception of the Defence, the whole of the blocks having been re duced to a level of 4 inches from the bed of the dock to increase the depth of water. Yesterday the op eration of planking the iron cased steam frigate Royal Oak, 51, building at Chat ham, was commenced by the shipwrights employed on her, of whom there are upwards of 200. The planking on which her iron plates will be placed will be of teak, 12 in. in thickness, tapering down to a minimum thickness of 5 in. at a depth of 5 ft. below the water-line. The object of boffing the iron plates on teak instead of oak planking is that the peculiar oil from the former wood is expected to act as a preservative to the iron, while the acids from oak planking are found to be exceedingly injurious to iron, on which they have a singularly destructive effect. The energy with which the building of the Royal Oak is now carried on leaves little room for doubt that she will be completed and afloat in a very little more than 12 months. Yesterday a number of additional caulkers and shipwrights were placed on the President, 51, fit ting in the fourth dock at Chatham, in order to expedite her completion. As soon as the fourth dock is at liberty it will be occupied by the Nankin, eat one of the other 51-gun sailing frigates, to be converted into screw steamers. The War Department transport Henry, Mr. John Bull commander, was placed under the steam crane at the Ordnance-wharf, Chatham, yesterday, and landed six of the new 20-pounder Armstrong guns, together with 400 cases of 100-pounder shot and 400 cases of 20-pounder Armstrong shot, for the guns ordered to be distributed to the forts and ships at Chatham. The Henry likewise brought a new ambulance waggon for the use of the sick troops at Fort Pitt Hospital. The Julia, screw gun-vessel, belonging to the first class steam reserve, was taken alongside the wharf at Chatham yesterday, and landed her 68-pounder guns, preparatory to receiving her 100-pounder Armstrongs, with which all the gunboats are to be armed. Among the many visitors to the Warrior at Portsmouth yesterday were Lord Palmerston, Rear Admiral Jones, and Mr. Bentinck, M.P. The throng of visitors to the ship continues undiminished. The Chesapeake, 50, screw, flag of Rear-Admiral Jones, whose arrival at Spithead from China was announced in The Sun of yesterday, remains at Spithead awaiting orders. The Chesapeake has made a beautiful run home. She has only been twelve days under steam. Her dates are—from Hong Kong, 22d May ; arrived at Singapore, Bth June, left 15th; arrived at the Mauritius, 6th July, left 10th; arrived at the Cape, 31st July, left Bth Aug.; arrived at St. Helena 22d, and left 24th ; arrived at Ascension, 20th Aug., and left same day for England. It is not certain as to her being paid off at this port. The Emerald, 51, screw frigate, Captain Arthur Cumming, at Portsmouth, took in Armstrong guns yesterday in lien of 68 pouuders. Mr. W. H. Ward, the inventor and patentee of the system of Ocean Marine Telegraph, now in use on board the ships of the Channel fleet, exhibited with the authority of the Admiralty at Portsmouth on Wednesday evening the mode of working the night signals portion of his system. The four lanterns, or rather signal lamps, which are used for the purpose were hung from the crossjackyard of the Shannon frigate, lying off the dockyard at her harbour moorings, and were read and answered from the platform of the King's Stairs, where Rear-Ad miral the Hon, George Grey, superientendent of the dockyard, and other officers were assembled. Mr. Ward, having seen his lamps fixed in a per pendicular position on board the Shannon, explained the manner of their working to some seamen signal men that had been sent on board for the purpose from her Majesty's ships Warrior and Asia. So simple is the working of the signals that, on Mr. Ward being sent for on shore to explain his method to Rear-Admiral Grey, the men on board the Shan non, who had never before seen the lamps or their mode of working, signalled with them " Reef top sails," spelling each word through from the alpha betical code, as thus—showing one red and three white lights for " R," the change in the disposition LH. Luc nDuw Val.ll LI representing a letter. The operator stands with four small lines in each hand, by pulling which he exhibits " White," "Red," or " Black," as required to give the letter. Numerals are given with three lamps. The whole of the lamps "flashed" by raising or lowering the screens quickly three times denote the end of a number, word, or sentence. This is simply accord ing to the inventor's code, which simply spells each sentence transmitted, but the same alphabetical letters and numerals applied to the present Admi ralty vocabulary would not, perhaps, have a greater range, for that would be impossible, but it would convey professional sentences in an incredibly short time. Yesterday Mr. Ward submitted to Admiral Grey and Capt. Cochrane one of his portable signal steer ing lamps, which, by exhibiting a red, green, or white light, conveys from forward to the quarter master at the helm the order to " steady," "port," " starboard," as may be required, and which he acknowledges receiving by repeating the signal from a similar lamp in his possession at the wheel Preparations are making at Devonport Dock yard for the reception of his Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Constantine of Russia, who is about to visit Plymouth and the neighbourhood. The screw steam sloop Malacca, 17, Capt. G. Napier from Sheerness and Spithead, for the Cape of Good Rolm, put into Plymouth 'Sound yesterday morning for Coal. The Puke b u ofomerset, First Lord of the Admi ralty, accompanied Rear-Admiral the Hon. Sir Frederick Grey, Le y -B Whitehall, andtalleh' Mr. Whitbread, M.P., left the Admiralty, yesterday, to pay an official visit to Newhave n The Bombay, 81, Am-h orse p line-of-battle screw stcatuer,, which has been severallver' mouths on hand at Chatham , fitting for the class s t eam reserve, left her moorings at Folly I mat at 9 a.m. yesterday, in charge of Mr. Lee, e ta E e engineer, and steamed down to Sheerness to coal up, pre viously to going ou a two da ys' trial trip for the p u rpose of testing her machinery. The following appointments have been made at tho Admiralty—E. M'Sorley, surgeon, additional, to the Nile; Francis Greene, assist.-surg., to the St. Vincent; J. A. Skene, assist.-surg., to the }Fero ; B. Crabbe, assist.-sirg., additional, to the Fisgard ; E. H. Evans, assist.-surg., to Green wich Hospital ; IL C. P. Lawrensor, a 4 A-4.-surg., to Plymouth Hos pital ; M. M. Magrath, as-:ist.-snr,?;., to the Chat ham Division of the Royal Marines ; G. F. Elliott, assist.-surg., additional, to the IVellesley ; Dr. J. Paterson, assist.-surg., additional, to the Victory ; J. N. Willon, engineer, to the Cumberland, for the Lee ; J. T. /lards, acting first-class assist. engineer, to the Di - Acre' acting ; W. H. Jenkins, engineer, to the Doterel ; J. M'Gregor, acting second-class assist.-engineer, to the Doterel ; 'l'. J. T. Wood, paymaster, to the Victory. OFFICERS' NAMES REMOVED FROM THE NAVY LIST. _ ___. The following ()facto; iamaee have been removed I from the official list of the Royal navy , during the • past quarter for the causes assigned : Lieutenants—Cuthbert Le Mesurier, dismissed; Richard P. Fitzgerald, resigned; Godwin R. Bre ton, resigned; Alexander W. Ingles, resigned; James E. N. Graham, name remov,. d ; and Edward, St. J. Daniel, name removed. Surgeons—Andrew Darling, retired ; and Daniel Ritchie, name removed. Assistant Surgeon—James Ferguson, M.D., re signed. Second Masters—R. F. Browne, name removed; G. W. Grey, name removed; W. H. Willing, dis missed ; William M. Lowick, dismissed ; and Albert. Carr, dismissed. Assistant Paymasters—James Inglis, dismissed; Arthur B. Cumming, dismissed ; David I. Yeoman, dismissed ; Henry P. Houghton, dismissed ; and John E. Elsworthy, dismissed. • QUARTERLY NAVAL OBITUARY: The following officers' deaths have been officially reported at the Admiralty daring the past guar ter -- Admirals—The Hon. Sir Fleetwood B. It. Pel lew, Knight, K.C.11., C. 8., and Sir Barrington Reynolds, G.C.B. Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Herbert, K.C.B. Rear-Admiral the Hon. Frederick T. Pelham, C.B. Captains—William F. Glanville, Philip Gostling, John Macdonell, and Henry Boteler. Commanders—John 0. Bathurst, Henry Parry, Richard B. Bowden, John Petley, James Valobra, Thomas Mitchell (a), Lacy. Dickenson, Francis D. Lauzun, John T. Utlay, Benjamin Lewis, Thomas Francillon, James Chapman, Matthew O'Hea, Richard Brunton, William White (b), and William Miller. Lieutenants—Robert B, Beale, Edmund J. Squire, James Simpson (a), William Radford, S. Wilkin son, and H. W. Harvey. Masters—C. J. Parker, C. A. Cleveland, H. A. Martin, W. Rickman, It. Thompson (b), John Per riam, and J. Rundle. _ Surgeons—R. T. Easton, T. Fisher, W. Clayton, J. l\L Madden, and John Gannon. Assistant - Surgeons—Michael M'Grath, R. M'Donnell, T. B. Martin, C. F. Wise, E. T. Ruffey, and John Rogers. Paymaster;—H. W. Rowestone, W. Ellis, W. T. Biddlecombe, W. H. Hills, and A. Barren. Naval Instructor—Joseph L. Hodgson, M.A. Assistant-Paymasters—A. D'Albert Anson, and J. G. Francklyn. Royal Marines—General W. H. Conolly ; Cap• tains G. James and J. Dowman ; First Lieu tenant John Ede; Second Lieutenants J. W. Clap porton, J. Jackson, W. Davis, and J. Barry. THE A.lOll Yesterday morning H.R.H. the General Com manding-in-Chief, accompanied by Major-Gen. Lord W. Paulet, C. 8., Sir R. Airey, Quartermaster- General; Major the Hon. F. Keane, Assist.-Adjt.- Gen., Royal Engineers; Col. Bingham, Deputy- Adjte Gen., Royal Artillery ; Col. Ward, Royal Artillery, on the Staff, and other officers, rode out from Portsmouth, at 8 a.m., to Hillsea and Ports down to inspect the new lines of defence and forts there, as also the new barracks, now nearly com pleted, at Hillsea for the accommodation of an addi tional battery of field artillery. On returning to Portsmouth his Royal Highness embarked in the steam yacht Fire Queen, Master Commander Paul, and crossing over to the Isle of Wight paid a visit to the Grand Duke Constantine of Russia, at Bin stead, near Ryde. The parade of the troops for re view by the Duke of Cambridge was ordered for 3.30 p.m., and shortly before the time they were drawn up on Southsea-common in line of contiguous columns at quarter distance, right in front. The grand total of the troops on the ground was 204 officers, 3,974 non-commissioned officers and men ; 92 horses, six guns, and six waggons. There were, besides, Volunteers on the ground, who amounted to about 350 officers and men, representatives of the 2d Hants Artillery and 6th Hants Rifles,the former under the command of Capt.-Commandant E. Galt, and the latter under Lieut.-Col. Valiancy. Punc tually the Duke, attended by Quartermaster-Gen. Sir Richard Airey and other officers, arrived on the ground, and was received by the troops, with Major Gen. Lord Paulet at their head, with a general I salute. The Grand Duke Constantine was also pre sent in a private character. The force marched past in quick time, first in open and afterwards in close column, the field battery with its magnificent ches nut horses leading. Next came the 6th brigade of Royal Artillery, just returned from foreign service, a fine body, steady and compact in their marching. " God save the Queen," from the bands massed to gether opposite the saluting point, heralded the ap proach of the 2d Queen's, just arrived from Indian service. Next came the 2d battalion 18th Royal Irish, a regiment bearing a high character for dis cipline in garrison. The 49th came after the 18th, and marched, as they might have been expected to do after their course of Aldershot instruction. The 24th, another Indian regiment, followed the 49th, and deserved equal praise for carriage and steadi ness. The Royal Marine Light Infantry followed. It is a wonder that this corps should march by so steadily, considering how often it is broken up into detachments doing duty on board ship—a place eermany tiVt eelf.ea Le 11t Tut pal craL , va truttcatork movements. The sth Fusiliers closed the line of regulars. They have also returned but recently from India, and went past in. steady, unwavering lines. The 2d Hants Artillery Volunteers, and the sth and 6th Hants Rifle Volunteers, brought the line to a close. These troops—except the regular and Volunteer Garrison Artillery, who marched off the ground to man the guns mounted on the works —took up ground in columns at quarter distance. Advancing by battalions in echelon the force was threatened with an attack by cavalry, and throwing the battalions in squares, with artillery on the right, a hot fire was opened from right to left, concluding with a volley from the squares. The enemy's cavalry being supposed to have been repulsed in their attack, column was re-formed. The 2d and 18th Regiments next deployed in line facing the edge of the beach, changing front, and opening a heavy and lengthened file fire, the guns from the fortress and Southsea Castle opening at the same time, the 49th deploying into line into skirmishing order on the left flank of the force, and the main body deploying into two lines. The enemy having been beaten off the main body advanced in line, with skirmishers in front, and second line moving up in support. The Rifle Volunteers occupied the left of the advanced line, the Royal Marine Light Infantry being in reserve. The skirmishers being called in the ad vanced line took ground to the right, and heavy firing along its extent, with the field artillery on its right, assisted also by the heavy ordnance of South sea Castle, told that the action was becoming serious. The resistance was useless in opposing the advance of the enemy, and over the ground whore they had lately passed, now wreathed in smoke, the advanced line retired, covered by the Rifle Volunteers, passing through the second line bytompanies of fours to the rear. The enemy appeared to follow up their ad vantage vigorously, for the Volunteers were called in at the "double," and passed through the line to the rear; a furious fire being opened along the line to check the enemy's advance, which was, however, fruitless, and the line again retired, covered again by the Rifle Volunteers. The skirmishers were soon sounded to the " close," and rallying squares formed to resist another attack of cavalry, a heavy fire being again opened; in which the guns on the works of the fortress joined. The enemy had, however, p099e99i0n of the field, and the troops retired inside the walls of the fortress, covered by rlrtillery and the Royal Marine Light Infantry, the retiring columns lining the 'ramparts of the fortifi cations and maintaining a hot fire from there upon the enemy, to cover the retreat of the remainder of the troops within the works, which was at length effected ; and the enemy, master of the battlefield, but foiled in his attempts to enter the works, was compelled, as was supposed, to retire to a certain strategical distance from the fortress. At the close his Royal -Highness addressed the troops briefly in the place d'armes of the garrison, the Governor's green. A brigade field-day of the troops composing the garrison of Chath4ui tovk place on Chatham-lines THE SIJN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER I '3, 1861. yesterday afternoon, in the presence of a numerous body of spectators. The troops marched to the lines by various routes, and were formed in the centre at 3 o'clock. On the arrival of Major-General Eyre, attended by his Staff, the whole force gave a general salute, after which they broke into columns of companies, and marched past in slow and quick time. They next executed a variety of manoeuvres incidental to a brigade field-day, all of which were gone through with great steadiness and precision. Shortly before 5 o'clock they returned to their quarters. General Sir Richard Dacres, commanding at Woolwich, accompanied by Commodore Sir F. Nicholson, superintendent of the dockyard, and the genes al's military staff, yesterday made his annual official inspection of the powder magazine on the riv er and inland. On returning to Woolwich they la .nded at the dockyard, went on board the Trusty, r Ind inspected Capt. Coles's revolving battery shield. After their inspection some photographic sketches were taken of the shield, exhibiting with perfect accuracy its battered condition, and the numerous shot marks produced by the 68-pounder siege and 100-pounder Armstrong guns during the pounding at Shoeburyness. The result of the experiments, it appears, has been favourably considered by the Duke of Somerset and the full Board of Admiralty, as it was yesterday announced at Woolwich that one or more ship s will be forthwith accommodated to Capt. Coles's principle of armament, each vessel to be iron cased, and to be fitted with six shielded batteries of six guns each. The following changes of station, &c., have re cently taken place in the Royal Engineers : Colonels Renwick to the Cape of Good Hope, and Hodden to Ceylon. Lieutenant-Colonels—Whit tingham, ordered from Canada to Jamaica; Robert son to Canada; Browne, C. 8., from leave, returned to head-quarters as field officer for military discip line; and Graham, from Chatham to Shorncliffe. Captains—Pasley, removed to Gravesend to relieve Captain Stare, now on sick leave ; Pelley, from Gibraltar to Sandhurst ; Fyers, from Chatham to Malta; Drake, from Malta to Devonport ; Haw thorn, from Chatham to Gibraltar; Kerr to Ber muda, to command the 26th company ; and Mal colm, ordered home from China. Lieutenants— Jones, ordered to Malta; Engledue, from Graves end to the Cape of Good Hope ; Salmond, from Chatham to Gibraltar ; Campbell, from Chatham to Malta; Tarbet, from Chatham to Shorncliffe; Mackenzie, from London district to Dover ; Vetch from Shorncliffe, and Peters from Portsmouth, to head-quarters ; Sandford, from leave to Guernsey ; Courtney, ordered home from China ; and Smith from the Cape of Good Hope. A large number of workmen are now employed by the contractor, Mr. Naylor, on the new barracks at Gravesend, which are to be completed in Feb ruary next. Lieutenants Pope and Munro, of the Royal Indian Artillery, have taken up their appointments as additional officars to the Gentlemen Cadet Com pany at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich ; and the undermentioned officers, recently trans ferred from the Indian service to the Royal Artil lery, have been stationed as follows :—Lieutenant- Colonels J. Smyth, C. 8., and Brougham, Second Captain F. Lloyd, Lieutenants C. li. Barnes and C. R. Buckle, at Woolwich ; Captain Hutchinson, at Shoeburyness ; Second Captain C. Roberts and Lieutenant T. Ritchie, at Sheerness ; Captain Sir W. Hamilton, Second Captain Wilson, :and Lieu tenant R. Stevenson, at Warley ; and Second Cap tain Campbell, at Aldershot. gins, but of improved hand or treadle gins, such as those, a model of which will shortly be for warded to your Highness by the Cotton Supply As sociation. A very great amount of labour will be saved by their extensive introduction into the coun try, and I am assured by the people with whom I have spoken in every district I have passed through that they will be glad to purchase them. Improved means of packing or pressing cotton are also re quired, but those will follow the introduction of bet ter means of cleaning, and prove a great saving in the cost of transit. I would especially press upon the attention of your Highness tha fact which I have been most desirous to be informed upon, namely, that the cultivation of the American or New Orleans class of cotton is emi nently adapted to the soil of Egypt. For this class of cotton the demand in the markets of Europe may be said to be unlimited, at least the demand is con stant and increasing as compared with that of Egyp tian cotton, of which some 80,000 bales only were required by England last year, and England con sumed much more than all other counties put toge gether. I found that 3001 b may be taken as the extreme production of Egyptian cotton, not less than 6001 b have been grown per feddan from American seed sent out by the association I represent. A sample of this cotton was valued in Liverpool at Bd. per lb. The average of the Egyptian may be taken at 10d. to 11d. per lb. It would therefore appear to be the interest of your highness, as well as that of the great landed proprietors of this country, to test the question whether it would not answer to encourage the cultivation of the Ameri can variety side by side with the Egyptian, leaving it to time to determine which of the two is to be preferred. And in the event of a serious falling short in the supply from America during the next two or three years, the greatest benefit would be conferred by its speedy introduction as a staple product of your highness's dominions. - There is an obvious need on most of the farms I visited of more intelligent supervision and general management, and there is ample room for the in troduction of a large number of overseers and managers, having a practical knowledge of agricul ture on modern principles. The establishment of a company under the auspices, or with the known approbation of your highness, for the introduction of capital at a rea sonable rate of interest, might go far to remedy many of the wants I have already pointed out. Such an association by its agents, who must be men of high integrity, would speedily discover all, and many more than those deficiencies already adverted to, and, if properly supported under an efficient managing directory, w o u ld in the course of a few years bring about a great revolution and improve ment in the agriculture and cotton trade of Egypt. No one can traverse the vast farming regions of Egypt without being struck with the fertility and exuberant productiveness of the soil. Egypt may be said to be one vast farm, and might readily be made one vast garden ; her people rich and her treasury inexhaustible. Before closing this imperfect sketch of a most inte resting tour, I beg to assure your Highness that both myself and Dr. Forbes, who accompanied me, are fully alive to the obligation you have conferred upon us by granting so many facilities for expediting our journey —not only by railway, but by placing at our disposal one of your Highness's steamers on the Nile. It is my duty also to report that Souliman Effendi, whom your Highness commissioned to accompany us on our tour, has rendered to us the utmost assist ance in his power in pursuit of our mission, and no thing has been wanting ; on his part to afford us hospitality on your Highness's behalf. I tender also the best thanks of the Cotton sup ply Association, as well as of the cotton trade of the United Kingdom, for the attention you have paid to the subject of their memorial, as also for the personal kindness you have shown to Dr. Forbes and myself.—l have the honour to be, your High ness's most obedient servant, (Signed) G. It. HAYWOOD. To his Highness Mohamed Said Pasha, Viceroy of Egypt and its Dependencies. improvements: Now, the custom of paying for seed and labour, for " dressings and half-dressings," a share of the artificial manures, the oilcake bill, &c., is not found here ; but the out-going tenant in No vember sells off all his crops, corn and straw, roots and hay, disposes of any manure by valuation to the incomer, and any unexhausted tillages, &c., or im provements m the condition of the land go to raise the figure of the sum claimed for the right of occu pation,—the peculiar " tenant-right" of the North of Ireland. In a country where all the farmhouses, buildings, frequently even fences, roads, and drains, have, as a rule, been erected and formed by the tenantry, the proprietor only assisting with mate rials in some cases, it is not at all surprising that you should have to pay an outgoing tenant a handsome amount when succeeding to his occupation—a sum that will fetter your application of a fair capital per acre to the business of cultivation, unless you pos sess funds enough to be tenant and virtually part proprietor too. Accordingly, from eight to 14 on an average, and up to 17 and 20 years' rent (say £4OO or £5OO for 30 acres), is commonly given for the good will of a farm. Whether a lease exists or not makes scarcely a perceptible difference in the amount paid. Major Humphreys (Lord Abercorn's agent) has known £6OO given for the right to occupy 65 statute acres under a yearly tenancy. Such is the excessive affection or grasping for land that men pay 10 years' purchase of the rent for ground in altogether bad condition, or, indeed, almost any sum, quite irre spective of what the quality or value of the soil may be, merely for the sake of a place in which to settle a son, or to gain a home, and avoid being ex pelled by want of a livelihood out of the district loved from their youth up; and so tenaciously is the right of occupancy held that a defaulter of a year or two's rent, put out of his farm in consequence, will still obtain a handsome sum for his interest in the holding, the incoming tenant generally agree ing to pay up the back rent out of his tenant-right. Major Humphreys has endeavoured to bend the usage to a more reasonable form, limiting the sum payable where a tenant has been turned out for non payment of rent, and so on, but tenants make the old-fashioned bargains with each other after con forming to his conditions. - The Earl of Belmore, the Marquis of Abercorn, and other noblemen, have large properties. In 1846 the Marquis obtained a £12,000 loan from the Board of Works, and expended it in under-drainage. For years he gave premiums to a large amount for the best crops of turnips, encouraged improved hus bandry, extended rotation-cropping among his ten antry; the fruit of these labours being now seen in the comparatively forward condition of the agricul ture on his estate. At Baronscourt, near Strabane, the Marquis has also a home farm of 1,000 acres, chiefly in tillage, with two sets of steadings, fur nished with every appliance of advanced modern husbandry for steam-thrashing, cattle-farming, manure-making, &c., on a large and model scale. We have said little of the class of large tenant farmers; but there are many scattered through a large district. Some are noted as breeders of supe rior shorthorns; others for their pre-eminence in growing green crops and in general farm manage ment, assisting by their energy and public spirit the valuable operations of the local four-counties Agri cultural Association, and other institutions for pro moting northern husbandry. On the banks of the river Foyle, and upon the richly woodec and culti vated hills forming the beautiful country between Strabane and Londonderry, are many farms of con siderable extent, ornamented with quite gentle manly residences. I visited the occupation of Mr. M'Crea, of Grange, who has built largely, drained much of his land, and embanked a wide tract of good marsh soil from the broad river, here rising with a 10-feet tide, and all this on the strength of a 31 years' lease. On this warp soil, worth 40s. per acre, he produces remarkably fine swedes and pota toes, the latter having been preserved free from dis ease before this year by early cutting off the haulm and earthing over the drills. His corn crops are sown with the drill, but not hoed, as it would loosen the ground too much about the roots, and wheat is never taken after clover, as on this fine alluvial level it would be sure to mildew. Mr. John M'Crea also farms to a considerable extent, having also recently taken a tract of cut-away bog at a low but increas ing rent, for conversion into good ground. The method of reclamation is to make bricks of the bared clay, burning them with the portion of peat left, and then the bottom, being high enough for good drainage, soon becomes fine land. Labourers here earn 7s. 6d, a week the year through, with an allowance of a rood or more of ground for potatoes, but pay rent for their cottages. Lord Abercorn's men have 9s. a week all the year, with cottages free. The cottages in this country are generally good, but all on the ground floor. They look none the worse for the fuchsias, nasturtiums, rose trees, &c., which are a happy indication of taste and decency on the part of the inmates. POLICE IN2ELLIGENCE, Oct. 2. WESTMINSTER.--TILE LATE MURDER IN WESTMINSTER.—SeveraI declarations, on the sub ject of the late murder in Westminster, were ten dered to Mr. Arnold, for his signature, by Mr. Bury Hutchinson, solicitor. Mr. Arnold inquired their object, and how lie could take them. Mr. Hutchinson replied that the object of making the declarations was, that they might accompany a petition now in preparation to the Secretary of State, to procure a remission of the capital sentence against the convict William Maloney, in corrobora tion of its contents. From the information of which he was in possession, he could show, by declara tions, that the principal witness, Saunders, was guilty of perjury. Mr. Arnold observed that, if the Secretary of State thought there were any grounds for such an imputation, he would respite the culprit upon me morial, without declarations. Mr. Hutchinson said that either eight or ten persons whom he could call were perjured if Saun ders were not ; they were not called npon the trial, as they would have raised so many collateral issues. Mr. Arnold could not see that he could take such declarations as those now placed before him. Mr. Hutchinson suggested that he was placed in some difficulty in the matter ; he could not make affidavits in the ordinary way and thus confirm the contents of the petition to the Secretary of State, because there was no cause pending ; and he had therefore resorted to the present coarse, deeming it was the only one left to him, and having been in formed that the proceeding was admissible. Mr. Arnold could not see what validity or force they could have, or that he had any right to take them, but for some statutory purpose. Mr. I Intehinson urged that it was not uncommon to take declarations respecting certificates of birth, or with reference to titles to estates. Mr. Arnold pointed out that if he had no power by law to take such declaration, there could be no assignment of perjury sustained against the person making it. Mr. Hutchinson expressdd himself most anxious to confirm the petition ho was about to send to the Home Office. Mr. Arnold thought that if the statements re ferred to were sent in, they would have as much weight as though declared before a magistrate. Mr. Hutchinson intimated that that would be asking the Secretary to place the same reliance upon mere statement, as evidence which had been given upon oath. Mr. Arnold repeated that he did not consider himself justified in receiving the declarations be fore him, nor should he be disposed to accept such as had been mentioned respecting matters of birth and title. Mr. Hutchinson still pressed the matter, as the petition to the Home Secretary would be strength ened by the assertion that the testimony of Salm-. ders had been contradicted by the declaration of parties, which in its ordinary application was equi valent by statute to an oath. Mr. Arnold called Mr. Hutchinson's attention to the fact that where he could not have heretofore taken an affidavit he could not now take a declara tion. Mr. Hutchinson solicited permission to append to the petition that the accompanying statements had been submitted to the magistrate as declarations, but in his judicial capacity he had declined to take them. Mr. Arnold had no objection to such a course, and added that, if the authorities at the Home office thought he ought to receive them as declara tions he would do so. Mr. Hutchinson thanked the magistrate and retired. GREENWICH.—EXTRAORDINARY CHARGE OF SHOOTING AT AN ENG IN E-DRIVER.- - NAR ROW ESCAPE.—lleury Ilayes, a young man, 19 years of age, residing, at 6, Mill-lane, Blue Anchor-road, Bermondsey, and describing himself as a dyer, was charged with wilfully shooting at Thomas Mockitt while driving an engine on the London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway. Mr. Inspector Carpenter attended on behalf of the company, and said the charge was preferred against the prisoner under the 6th section of the act 14 and 15 Vic., cap. 19, which enacts, " That if any person shall wilfully and maliciously do, or cause to be done, any matter or thing with intent to obstruct, upset, injure, or destroy any carriage, engine, tender, or truck using such ra ilway, or to endanger the safety of any person travelling or being upon such railway, every such offender shall be guilty of felony, and, being convicted thereof, shall boliable, at the discretion of the Court, to be transported . beyond the seas for the term of his natural life, or for any term not less than seven years, or to be imprisoned, with or without hard labour, for any term not exceeding three years." He then called Thomas Mockitt, who said he resided at 45,' Cheapside, Brighton, and was an engine -driver in the employ of the London, Brighton, and South- Coast Railway Compa.ny. About five o'clock on the afternoon of Monda.v, the 23d ult., he left New cross station with a train of empty carriages for London, and when between the Bricklayers' Arms Junction and the Corbett-lane signal-box, he saw a man whom he believed to be prisoner, on the bank on the east side of the line, with a gun in his hand, which he put to his shoulder and aimed in the direction of the engine on which he (witness) was standing, pusling the train at the end. Th e man then lowered thy' gun, and again puttin g it t o hi s shoulder, and pointing it in the direction of the engine, fired it off. Witness heard th© sh o t s t r ik e the boiler of the engthe, and also the boa r d pl ace d in front of the engine Io protect the driver from the weather, and at tile same time felt himself struck under the chin. On putting his hand to his chin he found blood coaling from it ; the shot grazing, but not entering tho flesh. In reply to the magistrate, the witness said that the weather-board of the engine was only five or six inches from where he was standing. The shots were very much scattered, carrying away part of the paint-work, and indenting the paint of the boiler at the side into the metal. Inspector Carpenter said that at one part the paint-work had been struck and completely car ried away. Detective Officer Hughes, M division, had been watching for the prisoner since Monday last. Witness apprehended him at half-past six that morning, and on telling him with what he was charged, the prisoner said he did not shoot at the train. Witness told the prisoner he had dis charged the gun, when he replied that he did not shoot at any thing. The prisoner, in answer to the magistrate, ad mitted firing the gun a t some small bird, but denied having presented the gun at the engine or train. Mr. Traill said the proceedings taken against the prisoner rendered necessary a prosecution at the sessions, as he could not undertake to deal summarily with such a case. He should there fore remand the prisoner for a week, but he would accept bail, if it could bo procured, for his ap pearance. The prisoner was removed in custody. COTTON CULTURE IN EGYPT. The following communication was addressed to the Viceroy of Egypt by Mr. G. R. Haywood, se cretary of the Cotton Supply Association, during his stay in that country : Cairo, August 9, 1861. Your Highness,—Having been requested by your Highness to report to you my impressions on visit ing several of the cotton districts of your dominions, I have been exceedingly struck with the vast re sources, both of soil and labour, available for cotton cultivation in Egypt. It has been strikingly evident to me that in every district I visited immense tracts of coun try lie entirely uncultivated, or the cultivation is so indifferent as to require only a very moderate application of capital, combined with better supervision, to render them capable of producing a supply of cotton adequate to the wants of the chief markets of Europe. I have noted, also, from the information I have derived both from the extensive proprietors and from the lesser fellahs (common farmers), that a very much larger extent of,land is under cultiva tion this year than during any period since cotton has been cultivated in Egypt. The appearance of the crops is, for the most part, healthy and highly promising. One of the finest fields, upwards of 400 acres in extent, through which I passed, forming a portion of the estate of Mithalef (in the province of Rhoda), appeared to surpass anything I observed elsewhere. The height of the plants is from 3 feet 6 inches to 4 feet, bearing well. lam informed that the average produce of this estate is from 3001 b. to 400 lb. per acre of clean cotton ; say, on an average, I,ooolb. of cotton in the seed. For some time past a system of classification of cotton has been pursued on this and on the estates of several larger cultivators, which has had a most beneficial effect; the cotton being picked chiefly by children, who are taught to discriminate the cotton into three qualities. They are paid accord ing to their skill, and the proprietor realises for his cotton several dollars per cantar more than the majority of other producers. This is a matter of the utmost importance ; and when the system is extensively adopted by the smaller cultiva tors, will tend immensely to their advantage, and also to stimulate an improved produc tion. No soil in the world can surpass that of Egypt fur this special culture, but there is great room for the introduction of a better class of implements than those now in use, which are of the rudest possible description. The people who have the skill to produce the results now visible from the use of such implements would speedily raise their condition, if taught and encouraged to employ those of more modern construction, which would both save much time and labour— or, in other words, increase their limited capital. The area of country through which we passed has been many, thousand square miles in extent, the whole of which is ono continuous level, watered in every part dUring some months of the year by the rudest irrigating machines. Up wards of 40,000 takeas, or water wheels, most clumsy in construction, are employed in irrigating the land; and, costing on an average £5O each, they represent a capital of great amount, and prove the value set by the people on adequate means of irri gation. Capital directed to purposes of irrigation would therefore prove adequately remunerative in Egypt, inasmuch as irrigation is employed not only upon cotton, but in raising corn and many other products. In my interview with your Highness, you advanced the opinion that the great want in this country was an improved system of advances to enable the poorer classes of cultivators to farm their lands at a moderate rate of interest of money. In this opinion I now fully concur; upon inquiry I find that advances to the cultivators cost them from 4 to 6 per cent. per month, or from 60 to 70 per cent. per annum, while at the same time I learn that little or no loes Is experienced by the lenders through non-fulfilment of contracts. This is deplorable as regards the cultivation, and calls for the introduction of a better system. The suggestion made by your Highness at our interview, and which I have already reported to my constituents, as to the formation of a cotton bank, or some similar organisation, which shall make advances at from 1 to 2 per cent, per month, appears to me to be founded on a just and politic view of the necessities of the fella}}. Moreover, the assurance of your highness that such a company should have the full weight of your powerful influence in giving effect to its operations, by guaranteeing, through the governors of the local districts, the equitable fulfilment of contracts, in l i one which will be folly appreciated by the capital ists of England ; and I am informed that men of influence in Alexandria Welfare alrnady prepared to co-operate in any well-advised plan for carrying this important suggestion into practical effect. Moreover, I learn that there are already in ope ration in this country no less than 600 or 700 Mac arthy gins worked by steam power, many of them the property of the Pashas ; the remainder being Worked by enterprising Europeans of different cowl ' tries. I foundwell-built factories in various districts. and some in course of preparation for cleaning the cotton crop. The out-turn of these machines is very consider able; and, as far as I can learn, their employment has been found exceedingly profitable to the owners. Nevertheless, three-fourths of the cotton of Egypt is yet cleaned by the common hand-gins of native construction. There is, therefore, great room for the introduction not only of power AGRICULTURAL PROGRESS OF IRELAND. LONDONDERRY, SEPTEMBER. In Tyrone and Derry the occupier of a3O acre or average sized farm lives on his holding in a good house, with sitting-room, beside kitchen and dairy, and three bedrooms; he has a stable for two or three horses, a house for a few cows, a barn, and perhaps a cart-shed. Many have fixed horse-power thrashing mills ; in one parish are more than 20, most of them upon farms of about 40 acres each. Portable steam-machines, however, are wanted. Iron swing ploughs and harrows have become uni versal ; and grubbers, either Tenant's or similar implements, are used for cleaning between potato rows and for crossing ploughed land. At the Lon donderry meeting three years ago one Scotch firm sold £4,000 worth of implements. Green crops arc sown by the drill, but grain generally broadcast ; and the autumn-cleaning of stubbles, begun by the larger and more advanced farmers, is being followed by the smaller cultivators, when they perceive how potatoes may be thus planted early in March, and ripen before the disease has attained its full virulence. The first crop after the lea is oats ; then the manured green crop, swedes, mangolds, which are few in this chill, wet latitude, or potatoes ; these set in drills or ridges. The roots are not fed off by sheep, the wetness of the ground and the climate being thought unadapted for them ; but. perhaps, the principal reason may be that this is a til lage, flax, and butter country, and the farmers have never been flock-masters. Then comes flax, the peculiar feature in thelhusbandry of these northern districts. It is not manured for, because the crop would grow too rank and be spoiled ' • yet the land must be in good heart. Neither is flax thought an exhausting crop, and, if a full heavy yield, is cleansing to the land. It is pulled when the straw is in the best condition for fibre, which is before the seed is ripe, and, no means of artificial drying of the green seed for feeding purposes having been adopted, an immense value is every year sacrificed by steeping it in the straw—being thus entirely wasted, except by some of the most thrifty farmers. Yet in Flanders and Courtray, whence the best flax is imported, the seed is saved. The flax straw, steeped in ponds, and dried upon grass, is taken to neighbouring mills to be scutched and made ready for Strabane, Derry, and other markets, there being very many of these small water-power mills, em ploying some four to eight men each, and commonly attached to farms. The old-fashioned open-air steeping and spreading yield a better fibre than is obtained by Selienck's hot-water retting ; and Watts's still more modern steaming process has other objections, arising in the manufacture of the linen. Some 140,000 acres of flax are grown in Ire land, mainly in the northern counties, and vet only partially supply the Belfast factories. In England, where a peculiarly fine quality is obtained, the cul ture would probably be greatly extended had the farmer some means simpler than the tiresome steeping and scutching of reducing the bulk and weight of the crop for carriage to market; and Messrs. Rowan, of Belfast, have lately brought out a novel and successful, yet cheap machine for this purpose. Flax is a precarious, but generally a pay ing, and frequently a lucrative crop—realising from £5 up to, and exceeding, £25 per acre. After it oats or wheat is taken, the latter yielding 1,50 to 100 stones per statute acre on an average, the weight Glib, per bushel. The grain crop is laid down with clover or ryegrass, &c., which is mown for hay one year, grazed another, and then broken up for oats. The small farmers are wonderfully frugal and in dustrious, themselves and their families doing most of the farm work, and some having in addition boarded servants, others employing a labourer or two. They pick up every rural penny from milk, butter, poultry, eggs; they are devoted to careful husbandry and housewifery, eager to save; only the more important farmers living above the customary fare of potatoes, oatmeal, Indian corn, stirabout, a few herrings, and an occasional treat of bacon or, perhaps, real butchers' meat. The class is thriving, and many individuals, occupying their 20 acres of ground, have their few hundred pounds out at intc rest, and aro on the look-out for an additional farm. The common rent for fair tillage land is 255. to 30s. per Cunningham acre, which obtains here—equiva lent to 20s. to 235. per statute acre—the landlord paying the tithe; so that this fine district might be considered as much under-rented. Then another circumstance in favour of the tenant is that, in most 'cases, lie enjoys security of tenure without being burdened with restrictions as to manage. ment. The smallest holdings, rented below £l2 or £l4 a year, are not under lease, at least not on the Marquis of Abercorn's property ; above this, perhaps, two out of three have leases; and good land, or a large farm, is seldom held from year to year. A lease for 21 years, or 31 years, or 31 yearn and a life, specifics that a tenant shall pay his rent ; it reserves minerals and game (of which there is very little in the country), and for bids subletting ; but no covenants stipulate how he shall crop, in Ivlia.t rotation he shall leave his farm, or even that he shall manage in a business like manner. But the usage of the country gives the outgoing tenant a compensation for improve merit, and, should the landlord find his ground damaged and left "a caplet mortuunt," " the law is I open ; let them implead one another." Could farms of sufficient magnitude be obtained on these terms, the tenants would consider themselves in a very in dependent position indeed. And tenants-at-will are rarely turned out except for non-payment of rent, or occasionally when a property changes hands : and eons almost invariably succeed th e i r fathers. We have mentionedeompensation for unexhausted 2ITE BILS7ON MURDER. The post-mortem examination has been made, and the conclusion of the surgeons leave no doubt that death arose from the pressure of the poker upon the throat, producing strangulation. On Tuesday a sixth prisoner was apprehended ; he had been " out of the way" from the time when the robbery was discovered ; but returned to the town during the afternoon of Tuesday. When he was apprehended he said it was " all right," and that he was " going to give himself up." The police ";want" only one other man to complete the arrest of the whole gang ; and this arrest is supposed to be a question of only a few hours. Maddocks is a returned convict. He was sent out for five years about seven years ago, and has, therefore, been back two years. The post mortem, examination, at the same time that it reveals the cause of death, shows also that the deceased offered considerable resistance before he died, for there are evidences of injury to the spine which could not have existed on Saturday night. The prisoners were removed from Bilston to the county gaol at Stafford yesterday. During the time that they were being manacled in the police-station Lilley indulged in great ribaldry. Taking hold of the escort chain by which they were to be connected in companies, he placed it round Jukes's neck, and interlarding his expressions with oaths, he said, " This is the way they will hang you up when they get you to Stafford.' He then indulged in libidi nous expressions relative to his liasons in that town, told the police they had got " a good catch," gave regimental commands to the other prisoners, and was driven from the station in a cab shouting "We are off to Charlestown." Jones seemed to have lost much of the confidence which he displayed before the magistrates, and Lilley's buffoonery scarcely extorted even the sorriest smile from them. With the exception of Lilley, all the prisoners are beginning more than ever to feel the very serious position in which they are placed. Against Jones, who is a returned convict, and whose proper name is Mullighan, the evidence is verystrong. It is the knee of his trousers that corresponds with the marks in the cellar. In his possession was found some studs that had belonged to the deceased; and at the time of his arrest he had soot upon his hand which corresponded with the blackened face of the murdered man. This sooty hand was remarked upon by the sergeant of police, but the prisoner de clined to account for it, and when he was again brought up from his cell, he had washed the sooty hand cleaner than the other. So great is the fear which the inhabitants of Bilston are suffering, that they have memorialised the commissioners of the town to call a public meeting to consider the best steps to be taken to obtain the security of life and property in the township during the night. The Chairman has called the meeting for Tues day evening next. There is a project for forming a tradesmen's patrol. FRIGHTFUL DOUBLE 31UBDER. The Cape of Good Hope papers bring intelligence of a frightful tragedy which took place at the village of Tulbagh. A coloured man, named Andries Patis, called at the house of Mr. C. J. Botma, who resided on some property belonging to the independent Dutch Reformed Church, and had charge of a water-mill, also the property of the church. It ap pears that Mr. Botma, his wife, and their only child, an infant of seventeen months, had retired to rest some time before Patis called. The man, however, roused Mr. Botma, and informed him that Mr. Marais (who owns the adjoining farm, and in whose employ Patis had been for some time), had sent him to request Mr. Botma to go for a doctor, as Mr. Marais's child was ill. Mr. Botma, contrary to the advice of his wife, immediately rose, and accom panied Patis. On reaching a gloomy part of the road, surrounded by trees and shrubs, Patis, who must have been walking behind Mr. Botma, dealt his unsuspecting companion a blow with a poplar stick on the side of tho head, and right across the temple, instantly depriving his victim of life. Leaving the murdered man weltering in his blood, Patis returned to the house and knocked at the door. Mrs. Botma, thinking it was her husband, opened the door and said, " How is it you have returned so soon ?" She then lit a candle, and found the per son she had admitted was not her husband. Patis said, " I have waited some time for an opportunity, but I have this night found it." He immediately seized her and threw her to the ground, and most violently ill-used her. She tried to escape from .him, when he agaia threw her to the ground, and then completed his second brutal assault, leaving her in the most excruciating pain. He then de manded the money that was in the house, and his trembling victim pointed to the wooden box in which her husband, of whose death she was of course unconscious, kept his cash. Patis broke open the box and abstracted the money, and then left the house. He still remained close to the door, how ever, and when the unfortunate woman attempted fl .y y to the protection of a neighbour the brute kicked her back. Ultimately she did succeed in getting away, and fled, clasping her infant in her arms, and closely pursued by Patis, towards the next house. The murderer came up with her, threw her and the infant to the ground, and then inflicted on her two frightful wounds, the one being a cut on the back of the neck, from ear to ear, and the other being from the breast to the left ear. Mrs. Botma's arm was also fractured, though whether this was done during the struggle in the house, or when the last deadly attack was made on her, it is of course impos s ible to say. Loss of blood, right, or exhaustion, or probably all these causes com bined, rendered the poor creature insensible, and the murderer, no doubt believing her to be dead, took his departure. In the course of that fearful night the sufferer revived, and saw her child play ing with its mother's blood. She was, however, too weak to call for assistance, even if her screams could have been heard, and so in tnhsisesseiabid3lepi,n theliagndht she lay till daybreak; her child, dabbled and Washed with blood, crying itself to sleep meanwhile. Soon after daybreak Mrs. Botma was discovered by some boys, lying insensible, frightfully mutilated. She was removed to her own house and her infant taken care of, and when the poor woman recovered consciousness she was interrogated as to the perpetrator of the outrage. She stated that it was Patis, and a rudi ber of persons at once proceeded to Mr. Marais'‘ o farm and arrested the ruffian, who A h l a r d s ,. as ß usual, t m gone quietly dbout his work. statement was amply corroborat e d b y marks of blood upon the prisoner's garments. found a his clasp knife known to be his property, was victim's house, and it was stained with blood. Patis's pipe was found on Mr. Botnia's premises, and the latter's money-box was fou n d broken open ' near Mr. Marais' vineyard. It had b een rifled of the con tents, with the exceptio n o f a cheque for £5 and some loose paper. Between two and three hours after the remains of her husband had been consigned to their last resting-place, poor Mrs. Botma also breathed her last. Her case was hopeless, and, considering the accumulated horrors of the fearful night she had gone through, death cannot but be looked upon as iin this instance a glad and welcome release from suffering. The murderer Patis is described as a Mozambique, about 21 years of age, 5 feet 6 inches in height, and of robust appearance. THE BIRAING.7IAM MURDER, BIRMINGHAM, WEDNESDAY. The coroner's inquisition in reference to this sad occurrence terminated at 8 o'clock last evening, a verdict of " wilful murder" being returned against Thomson. Dr. John Keyworth, who saw the body of the unfortunate woman after death, said that he found two incised wounds on the neck—one about three inches long about an inch above the clavicle. There was another wound of about the same extent. The left common jugular vein and the windpipe were divided ; so was also the common carotid artery ou the right side. The wounds appeared to have been inflicted partly when deceased:, was on the bed and partly when on the floor. Heobsery ed no signs of pregnancy. • Tis morning the prisoner Wlts brought up before the borough, magistrates. Th 4 same evidence was adduced as before the corondr, and he was com mitted for trial at the Warwick assizes. The circumstances attendant upon this most shocking case are somewhat peculiar. Thomson, the murderer, has been employed the greater part of his life, and up to last Saturday, at one of the most celebrated establishments !in this locality ; ho was noted there as an industrious and quiet man ; he resided a few miles off, at Sutton Coldfleld ; had, a family of seven children, and to the last contri buted to the support of his mnether. The crime of which he now stands accused .- must have been com mitted while in a state of fepnzy, brought on by drink and jealousy. There are unhappily alrea dy an unusual num ber of commitments for wilful murder at the next assizes for Warwickshire. TILE ASSASSINATION A . g l NEWCASTLE. • NEWCASTLE-04TYNE, OCT. 2. The inquest upon the body cif Mr. Mark Frater, assassinated in Blackett-stree tc, in this town yes terday, will be held this ew ming. His dreadful niurder is the one topic of co nversation among all classes. The prisoner seems to be the only person unmoved by the dreadful crime) he has committed. He is perfectly cool and collect ed, two things, from the manner he reiterates th.e m, giving him the highest satisfaction,—the dea tla of his unfortunate victim, and the vast sale the l A .rticulars of his crime will give to the penny papepi. Mr. Frater was a middle aged, married man, with a family of daugh ters, and the shock of his de at)a, as might have been expected, occasioned them ,terrible distress—his eldest daughter, 20 years of age, being very ill. The motive for Clark committi no this foul crime was revenge. A local paper Sr Ts this morning :- 1, The motive which actuated Clarke in the per petration of this foul and broody outrage is no ob scure one. At the time thatrr. Frater 's duty com pelled him to distrain. the Iroods of the prisoner, Clarke swore over and ov 3r again, both to Mr. Frater and himself, to his e 1 arks, and to the bailiffs who were in possession, that: he would be revenged, and that he would 'do' for tE e man who had injured him. This took place nearl.v six months ago, and it is therefore clear that , during the whole of that time the miscreant has been nursing his fancied wrong and his passion for revenge. Whether he has waited thus long in order to obtain a proper moment for carrying his scheme into execution or not, none can say. The sharpening of the knife on Saturday, however, shows that (3n that day he had finally fixed upon the speed 3 r execution of his murderous design. With regal, 1. to his previous habits and character we cannot a tate much. He is of Scotch or Irish extraction, but it is not known which, though it is believed that he belongs to Ireland. For several years pas t, however, he has resided in St. Nicholas' church) oard, in this town. He was, unmarried. He occuj pied two rooms, using the one as a sleeping apartmcant, and the other as a work shop. For some time past he had gained his living by making chairs for Mr. Easton, a cabinetmaker, of Pilgrim-street. N ot very long ago he was fined £5 for a ferocious ass ault upon a man, and it is said that he once before n early killed a former landlord, besides being the pert )etrator of other violent deeds. It was broadly hinted yesterday by a number of philanthropists and ot tilers that he was quite insane, and that his executioin would be, in consequence, as great a sin as the r aurder of which ho was guilty. So far, however, then are not the slightest grounds for any such suspicio) 2. Some weeks ago he was employed working at the gaol, and he is reported to have then remark( 3d to one of his fellow work men that he would et )on be buried there. What ever may be the trutl It of some of these and a thou sand other rumours which were in circulation yes terday, and some of which were of the most absurd and impossible nature, there cannot be a doubt that for months past Clark has cherished a vindic tive desire for revenge, and, with all the secrecy and determination of which only the worst men are capable has awaited an opportunity of gratify ing it." COUNTRY MARKETS. MU :LL-OCT. 1. At our market to-day Ivo had a small supply of English wheat, scarcely, indeed, sufficient to supply the wants of local millers, which was all cleared off at fully last week's prices. Malting barley taken readily at le to 2s per qr on the currencies of last; week. Grinding sorts in limited supply, and hold for more money. Beans, peas, and oats, with a slow sale, at a decline in value. Wheat.... Old white per qr. s2s Od to 56s Od Old red New white .. „ New red .... ~ Dantzic, Konb , &c. old white 64s Od to 63s Od Dutch, Belgian, and French sos Od to 58s Od Baltic and Hamburg, red s4s Od to 55s Od St. Petersburg and Riga, o 46s Od to 48s Od Barley.... English malting 32s Od to 36s Od Grinding 3os Od to 32s Od Saal and Oderbruck Holstein and Danish s2s Od to d4s Od Grinding Oats English, old Archangel and Riga, per st osl2id to 13d Friesland and Dutch osl3d to 03130 Swedish and Danish osl2id to osl3d Beans ....English, old, per qr.' 4Bs Od to 50s Od New pigeon 42s Od to 44s Od New tick. 4os Od to 42s Od Egyptian .. 38s Od to 40s Od Peas. Foreign breakers Grinding Tares .... Spring, —s Oct to —s Od Indian Corn Linseed, feeding crushing Linseed cakes (Hull) £lo 0 0 to £lO 10 0 Foreign! BlO oto 9 0 0 Rape cakes 6 0 oto 6 5 0 Bones 415 oto 6 0 0 NEWARK, White wheat, new, 60s to 66s Red do. s6s to 62s Old whito s4s to 56s Red do, 48s to 54s Barley, malting 38s to 42s Peas,.. :.--OCT • 1. Barley, grinding 28s to 33s Oats, old, .. 2Bs to 30s New do 24s to 263 Beans,. 46s to 50s Beans, new 37s to 40s 36s to 40s. SHEFFIELD—OcT.'I. Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels...l7s Od to 25s Od White 3f ...25s Od to 23s Od New red ...17s Od to 26s Od , , New white „ . ...20s Od to 24s (31 ~ ), Beans ), :... 1S 8.0(1 to 19s Od Peas, per qr Grinding barley, per qr Malting ditto, „ 378 Od to 40s Od Oats 19 26s Gd to 34s Od Millers' prices for flour-2s Od, 2s 2d, and 2s 5d per 141 b. CONSECRATION OF THREE NEW BISIIOPS,—The consecration of three bishops of the Church of England is expected to take place in Westminster Abbey on Friday, Nov. 1, being tho Festival of All Saints. BIRTHS. BLAGDEN. — On the Ist inst., at I'etworth, the wife of R. Blagden, Esq., of a son. MILLIGAN.—On the Ist inst., at Portsmouth, the wife of Captain C. Milligan, A.D.C., of a daughter. MILLs.—On the 2d inst., at Lower Norwood, the wife of Edward Mills, Esq., of a son. MARRIAGES. SMEON—COLVILLE.—On the 2d inst., at St. Mary's, Chel sea, Sir John Simeon, Bart., of Swainston, Isle of Wight, to he Hon. Catherine Dorothea Colville, second daugh ter of the late General the lion. Sir Charles Colville, G.C.B. SYMONSLVAN OVEN.—On the Ist inst., at 34, York-ter race, Regent's-park, Walter Symons, Esq., of Chester place, to Georgina, daughter of the late Dr. Van Oven, of Manchester-square. D.F. AT HS. Br.ouNT.—On the Ist inst., at Clifton, Miss F. Blount, aged 81. CoNoLTS.—On tho Ist inst., at Bath, T. li. Conolly, Esq., Capt. 11. A. COUSINS.—On the 30th ult., at 31, Brompton-crescent, Mr. T. Cousins, aged 69. DOUGLAS.—On the Ist inst., at Fulham, Christian, wifo of Wm. Douglas, Esq., of 14, Lowndes-street. H AwKE .—On the 30th la, at Portland-place, Lower Clap ton, John Hawke, Esq,, aged 78. LEIGH. —On the 28th ult., at Ponarth, near Cardiff, Caro Halibut . ) , Leigh, Esq., Lord-Lieutenant of the county of Monmouth, aged 85. Small.—On the Ist inst., at 24, Wilton•street, Be'grave square, Arthur W. W. Smith, Esq., aged 36. TuonoGoom—On the 29th ult., John Thorogood, Esq., of 202, Maida-hill, Edgware-road, aged 90. LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN Office, No. 112,Strand in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County Qt MiadlefeX nursdaY, OctOcr 3,1561,