The Sun. — London, England, 1856-08-02 00:00:00

.~ .. TM ALMA REVISITED. (Prom the Special Correspondent of the Times.) have now gone twice to the Aline, and have exa mined the ground of the battle with the ignorance of a civilian and the interest of a Great Briton. The road from the plateau on which for one long year the hopes , and fears and anxieties of civilised Europa were concen trated leads down from the ridge on which the battle of Inkerman was mainly fought to the deep ravine out of which the materials for the mansions, quays, harbours, docks, and forts of Sebastopol have been hewed. It pre sents a wild and desolate aspect. The slabs of oolite tower perpendicularly for several hundred feet on the right hand and left to the verge of the elevated plateau, and rise, like great white walls of masonry, aloft from a base of huge blocks and disintegrated masses of the same substance. This ravine, deepening as it descends, falls at right angles to the valley through which the Tcher naya eats its way to the head of the Roads of Sebas topol. At the lower end of the ravine the aqueduct spans it, and then i 3 carried on a light and handsome bridge of masonry, supported on some 10 or 12 arches right across, and disappears in a tunnel through the solid rock on the left hand side. Passing underneath through oneofthe arches, you find yourself by the banks of the sluggish Tchernaya, and a ride of 500 yards or so past the perpendicular cliffs, perforated with caves, which bound the margin of the valley, leads you to the cause way across the marsh towards Inkerman. An excellent wooden bridge built by our engineers stretches across the river ; and the marsh beyond is crossed by a high causeway. Arrived at the end of the causeway, the cliffs of northern Inkerman are above you, and the road winds up to a ravine which leads you to their recesses. A curious chapel and monkery in the caves is visible in the face of the cliff. Embrasures are above, before, and on each side of you on entering these fastnesses. The black pupils of these dull eyes have been removed, but there is enough of the works left to show bow hot and fre quent they could have flashed on you in their anger. There are five batteries on various points of this ravine, and the slopes of the plateau afford many fine sites for field artillery or guns of position. The road is good. On the right, about a mile from the entrance of the ravine, are numerous deep shafts in the clay, from which the Russians draw their supply of water. The road winds gradually upwards till it leads you to the level of the north plateau of Inkerman, just as the Quarries road took you down from the south plateau to the level of the val ley of the Tchernaya, from which you are now ascending. Here is the Russian camp, at which we have so often gazed from the heights on the right of our position. It is now very much altered in appearance. The huts have been abandoned, and the men are living in a very pretty, clean, and well-kept camp of canvas, but the purlieus are very dirty, and have the usual disagreeable smell of Russian quarters. The tents are square in shape, and at the top, which tapers to a point from the side of the wall, there is a knob, gilt or painted, which gives them an air of finish. The paths or streets cf the camp are bordered with wild flowers and fir branches. The regiments stationed here belong to the Seventh Division, which forms the First Division of the third corps d'armee, and are as well as I could ascertain the 13th (Sinolendso) and 14th (Politsch), and number about 6,000 men. There is a brigade of field artillery—two batteries— close to this camp, and the pieces are very well kept and in excellent condition. The cantonments extend as far as the heights over the valley of the Belbek on the left hand side, and could have contained about 18,000 men, which considerably exceeds the strength of the whole of the Seventh Division. A steep road descending from the verge of the plateau at the point where the Russian ba zaar is established leads to the Belbek, which is crossed by two bridges. One of these is a fine, well-built new structure of wood ; the other is that by which the army crossed in the flank march, and the post-house near which Sir George Cathcart took up his quarters still remains intact. The Fourth Division bivouacked here the night before we entered Balaklava, when Lord Rag lan slept at Traktir, on the Tchernaya, and Sir George was very uneasy on account of his isolated position, separated, as he was, from the rest of the army, and believing that a body of Russians intervened between them. It was from this that General Windham rode with despatches to the Katcha, anticipating Commander Maxse's arrival from the Tchernaya by more than half an hour, and from this neighbourhood the army turned towards Mackenzie. Lord Raglan- reconnoitred Sebas topol from a hillock close to the road on the right, a short time before we fell in with the rear guard and bag gage of the enemy. Duvarkoi, or Belbek, ie greatly changed since then,—the trees have been cut down, and the valley, once so beautiful, blooms no more. The villas have been used as hospitals, and there are many Russian graves, marked with black wooden crosses, in the neighbouring ravines. From this valley you ascend another steep bill to the top of the plateau which lies between it and the valley of the Katcha. The ground is covered with dwarf braes and Click brush wood, full of lizards and small birds, which are perse cuted by numerous falcons and hawks. There are patches of naked ground and ashes scattered over the plateau, which show where parties ofthe enemy were encamped ; but the country is not suited for large bodies of men, as water is not to be had, except at the rivers. The plateau is intersected by numerous woody ravines, and the tracks followed by the allied armies are plainly visible. They have been much used by the Russians. A ride of three-quarters of an hour takes us to the valley of the Katcha, still beautiful and Pich with verdure, for this part of it is too far from the imme diate operations of war, and too much out of the track from Bakshi-Sergi, to have suffertd The p lace which we 'approach was once the village of Eskel ; it is now in ruins. The Tartar houses are pulled down or unroofed, the population have fled, and the Russian houses are just as they were left by the Cossacks on our approach after the Alma. The church gleams brightly through the dense branches of the fruit trees, which are covered with blossoms, but the large-tracts of vineyards which welcomed us nearly three years ago are now uncultivated. The Doctor's house is in a sad plight, one of the first we entered after the Alma, and is still the picture of neglect and ruin. Lord Raglan's comfortable residence is in the custody of an old Tartar, who shows the broken furniture, the sofas ripped open, the chairs smashed, and the beds cut up, with great pride, and leads one to infer pretty plainly that Ruskie did all the mischief. It was at this village that the Russians halted to reclver breath after their headlong flight from the Alma, and from it they fled the same night in panic on the cry being raised that the lliss were coming. The Katcha is a deep narrow stream with rotten banks, and some people think it would have afforded a better position than the Alma ; but, in feet, it is too near Sebastopol. We found a few Russian soldiers in the houses; and on the first occasion it happened to be the. Greek Easter Sunday, and we ware most hospitably entertained by a poor Rus sian family who insisted on our partaking of painted eggs, of salt pork steeped in vinegar, and cabbage, of brown bread, butter, vodka, or white home-made brandy and Crina tobacco, and then on embracing us lecause we were Christians--a severe punishment, which, if often repeated, might lead to recantation. Crossing the Ketch by the bridge over which our army filed into Eckel, we find ourselves on the steppe--the dry barren plain studded with tumuli, which extends in wavy folds right away to Perekop. At this season of the year it is glorious, with large beds of wild flowers, sweet pea, roses, mignionette, thyme, orchids of all kinds, sweet william , and many other varieties, whoa() tame and develo ped species are the ornaments of o ur gardens at home ; it is musical, too, with the song of birds singing to their mates in the nest ; but in September it is an arid seorched waste, covered with coarse hay, an d, as i t is devoid of water, it is unfit for pasturage. The ride to the Alma from the Katcha is not more than eight miles, but it seems twice the distance. The white telegraph station, over the river, wilicti stood on the Russian left, can be seen for many miles on a clear day, but on the steppe mirage is very common, and the h o n. 2on is rarely well defined. It is often lost in a fantastic margin resembling the sea line of an agitated ocean. Bustard, on the qui wive about their young ones, soar slowly before us, and eagles, vultures, and many species of falcons are visibly in pursuit of their prey, which must consist for the most part of hares, which are very large and numerous. Some of these bares have bean found to weigh 101 b. or 121 b., and I have heard of a monster who turned the scale at 141 b. In one of the hollows in the steppe, about three miliss from the Alma, there is a small hamlet, but, with this exception, not a habitation is visible over the whole of this vast ex panse of land sea. It is famous ground for a lone canter, or as much of a gallop as your horse will stand ; so with the help o f an occtsional scurry afterta bare the distance melts away, and as we go crushing through the sweet flowers the telegraph rises higher and clearer till we pull up at the foot of the mound on which it stands. This was the scene of a fierce struggle, and it was here the French had some very hard fighti ng b efore they forced the enemy to fly. The teleg ra ph i s a quadri lateral figure of white stone, and it has never been finished. It is covered with names, and on one side is engraved "La Bataille d'Alma, 8 Septembre." The French had put the right date, the 20th, but the Rus sians obliterated it and altered it to their own style. Where are 15 large sepulchral mounds around the tele ..tr - N - LONDON, lArtinDAy , EVENING; ATTGAIST gs MO; __l graph, wherein lie French and Russians, and the ravines are still full of bones, and of fragments of clothing and accoutrements. Cannon shot appear to have been care fully removed. There is an excellent view of the French position and attack from the edge of the plateau. The enemy must have had every movement of the allies under their eyes from the time they left Bouljanak till they halted to form for battle, and the spectacle could not have been one to give them courage or to inflame their ardour. The Russians declare they had only 33,000 or 34,000 on the field ; but, admitting that to be so, they made a bad fight, considering the position they occupied, and their cavalry exhibited that passive and unenterpris ing character which it maintained throughout the war An officer of the old Pastel regiment told me that he charged our first attacking body when they were checked with the bayonet, and that if all the troops inside and on the flanks of the redoubts had rushed out simultaneously the day would have been lost to us ; but he was rather surprised when he heard that our Third and Fourth Divi sions were still intact, and that the Guards, whom he sup posed to have been routed, were never broken except in the centre, where the Scots Fusiliers wavered for a mo ment in their advance under the heavy fire of the Russians and the pressure of the disjointed groups of the Light Division. The French are disposed to think that the English were too slow in beginning the attack, which it was agreed should not take place till our allies had gained the left of the Russian position. It is certain that Lord Raglan received one, if not two, pressing messages from Marshal St. Arnaud to hasten his columns; but one may ask how it was that here, as everywhere else, the honour of taking the initiative was ceded to our allies, and the opportunity given to them of saying "the English were too late." They only numbered 23,000, whereas we had about 27,000. If it resulted from their position on our right, why did they take the left when we halted before Sebastopol ? The assaults on the place were made on the same principle—the French first, the English afterwards ; and, whether it be true or false that we were "too late," there can be no doubt there was from the beginning a tendency to say so. It is beyond question, in the opinion of many officers, that the Light Division were not followed closely enough by the First in their advance up the hill at the Alma. In other words, the latter were too slow or " too late. The French did their part admirably, and their in telligence and personal activity were wonderfully displayed in their progress up the steep ravines and sides of the high banks of the plateau, but their loss in killed and wounded was under 700 men, while ours was just 2,000. The Admiral Bouet Willaurnez, in his recent so-called "History of the French Navy," distinctly avers that the English General would not permit the victory to be followed up by marching next day, and that the French were retarded by their allies. A diffe rent impression prevails in our army, but this is one of the points which must be cleared up for history by those who were in the confidence of Lord Raglan. Tho state ment, at all events, shows what was the belief of the chef d'etat major of the French navy in the Black Sea. 01 the necessity and of the motives for the delay, of its re sults, of the practicability of getting such aid from the fleet as would have relieved us entirely from the charge of sick, wounded, and prisoners, I shall not speak ; but it is to be remarked that the feebleness and imbecility of our arrangementsin this portion of our administration became apparent at the very first pressure by the abandonment of our ambulances just at the very time they were most needed, by the disgraceful exhibition of tke Kane garoo crowded with sick and wounded till she had to make the signal that she was unmanageable and unsafe, in the sight of the whole fleet, by the sufferings of her miserable cargo, left to the charge of one surgeon, who could not attend to a tithe of his patients, and who could not even get at them if he could have dressed their wounds, and by the wretched, foolish, and cruel expe dient of leaving another surgeon, Mr. Thompson, and his servant on the field to take care of 700 wounded men. Dr. Thompson felt the hopelessness and positive cruelty of such a proceeding, and remonstrated against it; bat he wae - told that it had been "ordered," and that if the " Cossacks" came down his " professional charac ter" would protect him. Standing on the banks of the Alma one has many bitter reflections to make, and all the glories of that name cannot sweeten them. The battle itself was one of the most brilliant in the world— the shortest and sharpest, and our army, young in battle but veteran in service, displayed the best qualities of British infantry. We have since heard of the incredulity of the dismay, with which the news was received in St. Petersburg, and of the subsequent eagerness of the Rue sian army to avenge the defeat and to hurry to the Cri mea to drive the allies into the sea. They found it ,a barrier they could not break at Inkerman ; but they are a people prone to put faith in their own invincibility, and slow to credit defeat, and they believe in themselves even yet. The position of the Alma is so well marked that it can never be mistaken by any future visitors. The French attacked the steep and almost perpendicular cliffs, which are broken here and there by ravines which mount up wards from the river. They were divided horn us by the most marked and extensive of these ravines, and eastward of that boundary the whole of the ground suddenly falls, and, instead of rising abruptly from the Alma, gains the high level of the hills by a series of sweeping undulations, offering many positions for guns, with extensive glacie to the front. Descending from the plateau, some of our party crossed the bridge, and went out on the plain to wards Bouljanak to she tumuli, which stud the plains, and which denote the extreme range of the Russian guns. On turning round towards the south the eye takes in the whole scene of battle, from the sea on the right to the low slopes which formed the right of the Russian posi tion. Their left was separated from their right by a deep ravine running at right angles to wards the Alma, and this ravine is also the boundary between the high and steep cliffs which overhang the tortuous course of the Alma on the south bank from the ford to the sea. and the gentler rising grounds on which the enemy's left lay, and which were strengthened by the redoubt and by the mass of the Russian artillery. It will then be seen how the Russian left depended on the nature of the ground as its best defence,and what a fatal mistake Menschikoffcom mitted when he omitted to take into consideration the effect of the fire of the ships. That fire soon drove back their left, and forced it to reeform on the centre, which it put into confusion, and the French, ascending by the ravines with the utmost courage and activity, made good their footing on the right and turned the Russian left completely with comparatively little loss. The advance of our allies was covered to a great extent by the thick foliage on the banks of the Alma, and the cliffs are so high and rotten that guns could not be used with suc cess against them. The river is much farther from the base of the cliffs than it is from the slopes on the Rus sian right, where the British attacked, so that it would be scarcely commanded by guns on the top of the pla teau, whereas we were under fire for several hundred yards before we reached the Alma at all. A huge mound, composed of 15 or 16 gigantic graves, at the distance of 400 or 500 yards from the river on its north side, denotes the resting•place of those who fell be fore the army crossed the stream, or who died after the fight in the ambulances. The road by which we advanced to the bridge is just as it was on the 20th of September, and on the right close to the stream are the blackened ruins of the village of Bourliouk. It will be remembered that the enemy partially destroyed the bridge, but that it was repaired during the action by Captain Montagu, Royal Engineers, and a party of Sappers and Miners. The bridge has been substantially rebuilt by means of a strong wooden way thrown across the stone arches, and supported by beams and uprights. The old post-house on the right of the road before you come to the bridge is about being reconstructed, and a guard of soldiers were lodged in its ruins. It will be, to all appearances, a handsome house of fine white free stone when it is finished. I surveyed its ruins with peculiar interest, for I know a person very intimately who took shelter in this house, part of which was on fire, to get out of a fire still hotter, till he was driven out by a shell falling through the roof, and it was at the wall outside, which is yet torn by shot, that I met the first two wounded officers I saw that day —two officers of the :.I(h.h, one hit through the chest or side ; the other I I wounded, I think, in the leg or arm. They were helping eich other from the river, bleeding and weak, and I was fortunate enough to be able to bring to their aid a staff surgeon, belonging, I believe to the Cavalry Division, who kindly examined their wounds under fire. Close to this I had previously seen the first man killed—a drum mer, who was carrying a litter, and who was struck by a round shot which bowled slowly along the road and hit him, with a peculiar quashing sound, on the hip. He fell broken in two, and never moved ; nor did his com rade, who was carrying the other end of the litter, stop to mourn over his death. After the intrepid rush of the Light Division up the hill, its wavering, its slow and broken and unwilling halt, the bold advance of Penne father's Brigade, and the billow-like march of the Guards, I was happy again in being able to warn Colonel Wathly, as he approached at the head of the 50th, that he was rcioceing right along the line of fi re o f the enemy's guns, and, as there was a very conclu sive proof given of the correctness of the statement just as I spoke, that gallant officer moved off his men, who were in dense cclumn a little to the left, and got off the road to the fie , id, whence he rapidly advanced towards the heights. Al.) - these things and many more carne back upon roe as I 100 ked around, I con recall that narrow road filled with dead and dying—poor young But:gnyne going past on his litter, crying out cheerily, "It's all right —it's only my foot;" "Billy Fitzjerald" shot through both legs lying up against the wall, and chatting away as if he had just sat down after a quadrille ; a white-haired field officer (of the 55th), whose name I don't know, badly wounded through the body, who could only moan bitterly "Oh my poor men ! oh my poor men ! they hadn't a chance ;" then the river stained here and there with blood still flowing from the dead and dying who lay on the shallows and the banks, lined nevertheless by hundreds, who drank its waters eagerly ; the horrid procession of the dripping litters going to the rear of the fight ; the solid mass of Adams' brigade, halted by Lord Raglan's orders, as it emerged from the smoke of Bour- Honk ; the Staff itself and the Commander-in-Chief, gathered on the rising ground close by ; that ghastly battle-field where so many lay in so small a space pu trescent with heat and wounds ; the grey blocks of Rus sians melting away like :clouds, and drifted off by the fierce breath of battle ; the shriek and rush of the shells from the brass howitzers in the battery, the patter of the frantic rifle, the rattling roll of the musketry, the frantic sheers of our men as they stood victors on the heights, drowning the groans and cries which for a moment suc ceeded the roar of battle ; the shrill flourish of the French bugles, and the joyous clamour of their drums from the other side of the ravine,—all came back upon the ear again, and the - eye renewed its pleasure as it gazed from the ridge upon the plain where it had before seen the Russians flying in disorder, with their rear still covered by the threatening squadrons of their cavalry. Then one recalled the spot where one had seen some friend lying dead, or some one—friend or foe—whom it were no mercy to strive to keep alive— Watkin Wynn, stretched on the ground in front of the trench, with a smile on his face—Colonel Chester, with a scornful frown, and his sword clenched in the death grasp—Monck, with the anger of battle fixed on every feature—these and many another friend in the peaceful camp of Aladyn or Devno rose up as they lived in the memory. The scowling Russians who glared so fiercely on their conquerors and seemed to hate them even as hey supplied their wants, then seen for the- first time, left an impression respecting the type of the Muscovite ebaracter which has scarcely been effaced now that they have ceased to be " messieurs nos antis rennenti." I re °ailed the two days passed as no army ought to pass two days—on the field of battle, amid the dead—the horrid labours of those hours of !despondency and grief, where all should have been triumph and rejoicing, and the awakened vigour with which the army broke from its bivouac on the Alma and set out with no certain aim, no fixed project, on its chance march which fate has made so successful and so prosperous. The intrenchment can be distinctly seen for a mile north of the river, It is placed halfway down the slope of 'the little hillside. There - were no other works, trenches, redoubts, or fieldwotka of any description, and all the accounts of such defences filled with riflemen and guns which have been wade public were erroneous. The enemy had very few riflemen, and the ground,.except on the extreme left, was of such a nature that good cover for guns could be had for the seeking. For many years to coma the battle-field is likely to remain as it is now, the only difference being that the vines which flourished on the 20th of September, 1854, may be cul tivated once more. On ascending from the river towards the intrenchments, you find yourself on the left com pletely covered by a rise of the hill in front from the parapet, so that men could form in this hollow for the it tack without being exposed to fire ; but tire Russians aware of this, sent down on their extreme right large bodies of infantry, who fired at the left brigade of she Light Infantry as they were trying to get into ')order after crossing the river. On the right, nearer to the bridge, the ground is more exposed to guns from the parapet of the trench, and on advancing a few yards she fair open glacis, gently sloping upwards to their nuzzles, gives a terrible solution of the reason why for . A time the Light Division was held in check, and lost in a few moments upwards of 1,000 men. At the base of :his glacis, and scattered along the ridge towards the river, are mounds of earth about 30 feet long by 15 is oreadth, whioh are covered with large stones and slabs )f slate. There are 15 or 16 of these mounds, and many )f them contain the remains of friends and foes. Some =mall black wooden crosses are placed here and there among these mounds, which rise to the height of two or three feet above the level of the plain, and are all covered with rank vegetation and wild flowers. The parapet of he work is still about three feet outside, and a foot Peeper in the trench inside. Near the centre is placed a nandsome monument of white stone, with the following ,nscription " During the attack on these heights, 20th September, 1854, her Britannic Majesty's 231 R'yal Welsh Fusiliers oat their commanding officar, Lieutenant Colonel H. Jhester, Captains A. W. Wynn, F. Evans, J. Cinolly, Lieutenants P. Radcliffe, Sir W. Young, Bart., J. An truther, and J. Butler, all killed on the field ; also ',ieutenant Applethwaite, mortally wounded, who died Sept. 22, 1854. This stone is erected to their memory." On the other side, " The re;irnent also lost Serjeanl J. H. Jones, Colour ierjeants R. Hitchcock, J. F. E 'wards, 1 drummer, tnd 40 privates, killed on the field." In the ditch of the fieldwork there are about 20 large ;raves covered with long grass and wild flowers. Tile trench is about 150 yards long, and it is filled with earth vhich has tumbled down into it from the parapet ; the races of the embrasures still remain. There are two tone crosses erected inside the trench on heaps of dead. Chia is all that remains to betoken the scene of the ac ion on our side, except a few pieces of threadbare rags mil bits of accoutrements, leather straps, old shakos, And fragments of cowhide knapsacks. And so I take save of the Alma, which henceforth sha'l be celebrated in history to the end of time. DR. SCORESBY ON IRON SHIPS, THE AUX I LIA ItY SCREW, AND AUST.RA LEAN COMMUNICATION. TO THE EDITOR OF THE MELBOURNE ARGUS. Sir,—lt may not be uninteresting or unuseful, per hap% notwithstanding what has already appeared in the iublic papers of the rapid and extraordinary passage of the Royal Charter, that your readers and the lolonists generally should learn something respecting the performance and capabilities of this splendid ship 'rim an observer on board, in no way connected with commercial adventure, or otherwise, than for an impor tent scientific purpose (deeply connected, indeed, with the aetion of the compass in our ships), with the Liver pool Company, of whose enterprise and views the Royal Charter comes as an exposition and type. The local papers of Melbourne have well anticipated much of what I might say, on the experimental evidence thus far obtained of the correctness of their views in respect to the auxiliary steam appliance for the rapid accomplishment of an uninterrupted progress to pretty nearly our relative antipodes. Three systems of nautical appliances for progress and speed were obviously in question with a view to rapid and remunerating in tercommunication with these remote colonies. F rat, Speed in sailing, by the adoption of a clipper class of ships of large tonnage and great capabilities in masts, rigging, and sails. Secondly, Stearn ships of full pro- pelting powers. Thirdly, The combination of a small or moderate screw steam power with the best appliances in ship model and sails for speed and sailing, and capa bilities of carrying canvas. The first of these plans has been admirably tested and carried out •by the dif; ferent lines of splendid sailing-ships trading between England and Australia ; but their various delays, by calms and light variable winds, necessarily leave more to be accomplished. The next plan, of full steamers, from the abridgment of the room for stowage, by the requirements for coals, together with the loss of time and cost for coaling by the way, could scarcely prove remunerating, nor in the route need ful to bo adopted for coaling has it succeeded in gaining any adequate advantage in the length of the voyage. The third plan, as adopted, and so far success fully tested, in the first passage of the Royal Charter now stands out conspicuously as the plan—the practicable, and, I doubt not, fairly remunerating plan—for the con veyance of passengers, mails, and valuable, or mode rately valuable, freight and property. For not only is the nominal power of the engine of this ship small, and its requirements for speed, &c., moderate, but the con , gumption of coal is, comparatively, so trifling, that 13 or 14 tons !are generally sufficient for a day's steaming, whilst the whole 'consumption for the recent passage has scarcely exceeded 200 tons ? Yet this power of steam is capable of giving a speed of from 7 to 8 knots, or if the ship had been lighter, 9 knots, and actually carried us through the mid-trade winds, belt of calms —where often weeks are spent in helpless delays—in about 3 days. In light winds or in making the best of a scant breeze un der stay-sails, or advancing head to wind in calms, and, if required in proceedingin and!out of port, the auxiliary steam is found to do admirable service. And now the principle is established no doubt this auxiliary steam ap pliance will be made still more effective. The performance of the R)yal Charter in her progress to this port affords, ai to certain notable particulars, some striking facts in maritime history. In 29 days from Plymouth we had passed through the tropics and trade winds, with their belts of variables and calms, and reached the lat. of 35 deg. S. I❑ 40 days we had made a distance (notwithstanding unusual light and short trade winds) of about 8,000 miles, or 200 miles a day. In 50 days out, we had made good, in the usnal and best track of progress, a distance of up wards of 11,000 miles, or more than hall the circumfer ence of the globe ; in 12 consecutive days, in one part of our voyage, the Royal Charter made 3,522 miles of dis tance by log, or 202 miles a day ; or, taking strictly the extent of longitude accomplished within the time, the distance i❑ geographical miles comes out at 3 : 439, or 280 miles a day. On four or five oczasions we altered our time half an hour from noon to noon—in other words, brought the sun I on the meridian in hour 3. On six dill-rent days we made by sailing 300 miles and upwards a day, averaging 13 1 6 kn.th, the greatest run in one day being 34G tmiel, or, in 24 hours. 353 tni!e,l, being at the average speed of 14 2-3 knots. Yet in the-e admir able performances, it should be observed, the full capa bilities of the Royal Charter were by no means brought out, the ship being at least two feet deep, for the due development of her sailing qualities. Moderately loaded, as I expect she will be for the return passage, and with some alteration subsequently, for the more complete raising up of the screw when not in use, so as not to prove a retarding drag by dipping into the surface of the water in heavy seas, my conviction is that the Royal Charter may sail at least a knot faster, and might as well accomplish a distance of 380 or 390 miles, under like circumstances, as she has already made good 358 miles in a 24 hours' run. The " behaviour" of the Royal Charter as a "sea boat" indicates a model is naval architecture, I think, as nearly as possible, perfect. Not having before, indeed, sailed in a ship of this peculiar and elegant build and magnitude, which, as a class, is now employed in traversing all the great oceans of the globe, and giving through the enterprise of oar shipowners, and the improved skill in our naval engineers and ship builders in Great Britain and America, a totally new character to commercial navigation, I should naturally be more deeply impressed with the magnificent qualities of the Royal Charter individually as a ship than had I been familiar with the performance in bad weather, by personal experience, of many of the splendid models in naval architecture which I have seen at Liverpool, Glas gow, and elsewhere. Still I shall be sate, I doubt not, in asserting that, whatever may be the superiority of action and behaviour of our larger clipper ships gene rally, in all the properties which characterise the most perfect sea-boats, the performance and behaviour of the B ,yal Charter in the severest testing of these qualities, was magnificent. Her buoyancy, liveli ness, ease of motion in the most cross and tremen dous seas, and in the possession of that extraordi nary quality of all but intelligent efforts and yieldings, like an endowment of instinct, for the avoidance of the highest waves and the lofty breaking peaks of crossing seas, were as astonishing as they were admirable. Such was her behaviour in scudding, not only before heavy gales generally, but in the hard trial of scudding before a cyclone, for some hours of hurricane fury (which we encountered on the 6th of April, in latitude 47 deg. S., longitude 90 deg. to 94 deg E.), when it was intensely interesting to look abroad and mark-her action under seas, as measured by myself two or three hours after the fiercest of the hurricane was over, of the prevailing height of 30 feet, with numerous higher waves of broad extensive solid water crests or summits of 40 to 42 feet or more, with knots and broken crests, from the crossings of westerly and southerly seas, some yards higher. It would hardly be doing justice to my own feelings and observation if I were here to neglect to re fer to the able and seamen-like manner, combining judi cious prudence with effective perseverance and laborious watchfulness, with which Captain Boyce performed the navigator's part under the severe testing of a new and untried ship. In ordinary gales, it may be mentioned, in the way of illustration, when we were running befers the wind ender a large spread of canvas, and, as hap pened on the let of April, with waves of forty feet and upwards, the ship was so lively, steady, and dry, that most of the ladies participated in the pleasant promenade of the poop-deck, and to astonished admiration • of the ship's avoidance of the fearfully threatening waves. On this oc casion Mrs. Scoresby accompanied me forward along the gangways and deck-house to the forecastle (a splendid platform of the area of at least 190 square yards), and for some time viewed from there the magnificent sight of the ships' progress, as often, for some minutes together, she was so quiet, that neither the lofty waves nor her considerable speed seemed to affeet her—without dis comfort or the encountering of a fling spray—the whole space we traversed, of above 300 feet in length, being I then perfectly dry. In other cases, indeed, when blow ing very hard and with still more cross and tremendous seas, knots of seas came occasionally over the deck, in every part of it, but their avoidance in any ship was im , possible. In conclusion, I may add, as a subject of some interest in science, and of, I trust, no small practical consequence in commerce, and in the passages betwixt the antipo des of the globe, that all my theoretic views previously published in respect to the nature of iron ships' mag netism and its changes, with the practical plan for safe and accurate compass guidance, the adoption of which I have for a long time been urging on the builders and owners of iron ships, have received distinct and beau tiful verifications of the experiments thus far made on board of the Royal Charter. As to the first point, the matter of interest in science, it may not be unfitting to say that, exactly as I had predicted in "Illustrations of the Magnetism of Iron Ships," printed just before leaving England, and notified also in " Magnetical Investigations," published in 1852, iv., I have found the changes in the general magnet ism,. as tried externally, of the Royal Charter. The upper woks of ships built in England and other north ern cciikritries have, consistently wiih theory, southern polarity, attracting the north pole of the compass, as also the upper parts of bulkheads, iron standards, cranes, or davits, capstans, &c, and the lower parts of the ships and such bulkheads, standards, &c., northern; but here, as I had announced my expectation, the polarities are reversed. The top plating of the ship, from stem to stern, has changed to northern polarity, attracting the south pole of the compass, in which change the upper parts of iron standards, cranes, capstans, &ce, about the decks and bulwarks consistently participate. That the lower parts of the ship's hull in its external at. tractions has also changed may be confidently inferred from magnetic principles. And so farexperimeatally as I have already ascertained, the fact is beautifully indicated by the diminution of the northerly attractive force, on de seen ling outside towards the floating level, until (in accordance also with theory and prediction), a position is found, some 16 to 18 feet downward, where the ship ceases to produce any action whatever on the compass needle, and be'oer which the contrary or northern pole of the needle begins obviously to be attracted towards the ship's side. As to the second point, so important in its practical bear nç on commerce and navigation, ,it may be s'ated that during our passage to Australia, such was the effectiveness of the arrangement I had suggested, as very well put into operation in a compass raised about forty-two feet high on the miz-eemast, that we never had any perplexity or difficulty, if any of the compasses were steady, in knowing the csurae we were actually steering. Nothing more, therefore, is necessary, I am perfectly convinced, for correct or safe compass guidance in iron ships than a compass for reference duly elevated and properly arranged on a wooden mast. And such compass, as the experience of our recent passage and a great deal of heavy weather for the latter fornight has demonstrated, can, by the simple method which I adopted on the voyage, be satisfactorily consulted and compared in the hardest gales—that is, whenever the compasses on deck are tolerably steady for being steered by. WM. SCORESBY. Royal Charter, Hobson's Bay, 20th April, 1856. - - The learned doctor on subsequently being entertained at the Philosophical Institute of Bavaria, of which he was ma !e an honorary member, added on this subject : —He should thus feel that he was an humble connecting link with many others between the science of the old coun. try and that of the antipodes. It was doubly interest ing to him to mark in the present assembly the same feelings and sentiments as ware manifested by similar so cieties at home. He felt in reference to the importance of an institution of this kind that whilst the enterprise and commerce of a country might raise it into a high po. sition in the wealth of cations, yet it was the cultivation of yet higher things which raised a nation, and made its greatness in future history. Next to religion there was in science a consecrating influence which raised a man b tyond sordid considerations to a better contemplation and intelligence of the Creator's works in the creation —which placed him above selfishness, and into an at. rnosphere at once more pure and intelligent. It bad always been interesting to him to watch institutions like this in their efforts for the promotion of science and literature. He might be permitted to say, in re ference to even the humblest pursuits of science, that although they might lead to new, or previously known results which might seem to many to be of no profit, yet no man could tell or predict the importance of even that which might seem to be only a scientific ca• riosity. It was a great satisfaction in making scien- tific researches even of the slightest nature, that they knew not to what results they might attain. Let them loek at the effect of the discovery that a wire placed between those of the two poles of a ba tery became magnetic—thought at the time to be a mere scientific curiosity. What was the result? They had their messages now conveyed by the electric telegraph with a speed in ferior only to that of light. Even now they did not know what progress might be made in the invention, nor could they say that the old country might not within a few years be united to Australia by the telegraph. This was within the range of demonstration as one of the probabilities of science, and was only a question of means and expense. When he saw the costly edifices springing up in this new city he could not but feel that the means were not wanting, and that it would be nothing surprising to see a telegraph between Eng. land and Australia in a few years. It was a project of no greater difficulty than that which had been already accomplished hi laying down the telegraph in the Black Sea. It was contemplated to dist.ibute the electric currents over the Atlantic between England and America. He would not pass any opinion as to the practicability of that project, but he could say that as regarded Australia it was quite practicable. If also he might be permitted to speak of birn.elf as an humble experimenter, he would state that it was in 1828 that he first discovered the phenomenon that magnetism was developed in iron by percussion and mechanical action. He published his experi ments in the Philosoph:cal Transactions in 1831 —but what was thought of the discovery beyond that it was a scientific curiosity? When, however, it be came the fashion and interest of England that ships should be built of iron, and these ships were found to be intensely magnetic beyond the ordinary inductive influences of masses of iron, a question arose— how was the effect on the compass to be remedied ? He . contended that this magnetism arose from the hammering and other mechanical actions impressed on the plates in the course of their construction, and ho was right. He applied to these ships the same laws which he found to prevail in magnetised iron in his experiments of 1820, and be ventured to anticipate what had since occurred. He alluded to this not in vanity, but as au encouragement to men of science to proceed in their investigations, for they could never tel! the import. ance of the results they might attain. His investiga tions, however, had gone further. Wben he had deter mined the fact that an iron ship was a magnet with its power enormously developed by percussive and me chanical action, it seemed natural that according to the inscrutable laws of nature they shoilid b enabled to regulate its poles as in a bar of magnetised iron. As. sliming these laws to be identical, ne had ventured to pradict that .a vessel coining ii-to them) regions would flaw, her magnetic condition inverted, for the magnetism of the southern polar ty was downward. Most of the scientific men in England were against this view, but he had tried this experiment in the Royal Charter, and had found that her magnetism was so affected by time magnetic attraction of Australia. It might be deemed that the discovery was one of abstract science ; but it was one deeply affecting their interests, and the lives and properties of men who ventured on the wide ocean. Their commerce was rapldiy going into iron ships, and wooden ships were becoming more scarce, arid the question of their magnetic condition as affecting the compasses on board of them was of deep import ance. How were these enormous fabrics, endowed with an intense degree of magnetism, to be controlled in this influence ? It was to determine that point that he had come out here, and he had, he hoped, determined a mode in which an iron ship might be guided as safely and as securely as shipping of any other material. There was no practical difficulty in so arranging com passes on iron ships that they could be navigated with safety and certainty. This was an important fact, and the inferences on which he had arrived at it were con sistent with all his previous theoretic deductions. His simple contrivance was to have the compass in iron ships elevated beyond the magnetic influence, of the iron, and during the whole voyage of the Royal Char ter there was no embarrassment whatever with regard to her compasses arranged on this plan. boolcsollors—J. liarnnan and E. Parry, Monwen, Flint. %hire, paper manufaeturors—J. lidau and W. Arthur, IlLickburn. curribrs—J. Wright and J. Salisbury, Bur ton-upon-Trent, ironfoundors—J. B. garkness and P. Charlton, Bolton-le-Moors, tailors—W. T. S. and T. W. S. Oakes, and A. S. Partridge, Austin-friars and Madras, merchants. From the London Gazette of Last Night. CROWN-OFFICE, Aua. 28. MEMBER RETURNED TO SERVE IN THE PRESENT PARLIAMENT. Town of Nottingham—Charles Paget, of Ruddington Grange, in the county of Nottingham, Esq., in the room of the Right lion. Edward Strutt, who has accepted the office of Steward of her Majesty's Manor of Hempholme, is the county of York. WAR DEPARTMENT, AUG. 1. Bth Light Dragoons—Lieut. Edward Phillips to be Cap. tain, without purchase, vice the Hon. S. J. G. Calthorpe, whose Brevet Rank has been converted into Substantive Rank under the Royal Warrant of 6th Oct. 1851; Cornet and Adjutant Robert Harding to have the rank of Lieu tenant; Cornet Henry Harrison to be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Phillips ; Coi net James Baker has been per mitted to retire from the service by the sale of his commis sion. 10th Light Dragoons—Lieut. Randal Wilmer Hatfield has been permitted to retire from the service by the vale of his commission. 12th Light Dragoons—Captain Thomas G. Alexander Oakes to be Major, by purchase, vice Munro, who retires; Lieutenant Valentine Baker to be Captain, by purchase, vice Oakes ; Cornet George Francis Morant to be Lieute nant, by purchase, vice Baker. Bth Regiment of Foot—Ensign Forster Longfield to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Lillicrap, who retires ; Alfred Downie Corfield, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Longfield. 15th Foot—Assistant-Surgeon John Denis Healey, from the Staff, to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice Wishart, promoted on the Staff. 20th Foot—Lieutenant Harry Wormsld Mason has been permitted to. retire from the service by the sale of his Commission. 2tth Foot—Lieutenant _Edmund Prideaux Chichester, from the 21st Foot, to be Lieutenant, vico White, ap pointed Paymaster. 32d Foot—Ensign Henry Sparke Stabb to he Lieuten ant, by purchase, vice Primrose, who retires; William Humphrey Studdy, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vico Stabb.. 4ath Foot—Captain William Shepherd Milner, from the 69th Foot, to be Captain, vice the Hon., William Henry Herbert, who exchanges ; Lieutenant James Cross has been permitted to retire from the service by the sale of his Commission. 524 Foot—Ensign Reginald G. Wilberforce, from the 9th Foot, to be Ensign, without purchase, vice Burroughs, promoter'. 67th Foot—Ensign Albert Stanley Welland to be Lieu tenant, by purchase, vice D'Arcy, promoted. 69th Foot—Captain the Hon. William Henry Herbert, from the 46th Foot, to be Captain, vice Milner, who ex changes. 82d Foot—Ensign James Baker Robertson has been superseded, he being absent without leave. 834 Foot—Lieutenant George Gant Beazley, from the 8,1 West India Regiment, to be Lieutenant, vice Nunn, appointed to the 26th Foot. 88th Foot—Lieutenant John Evans to be Adjutant, vice Little, promoted. . . 42d Foot—Lieutenant Robert Macpherson has been per Emitted to retire from the service by tho sale of his Com. mission. 95th Foot—Lieutenant G. H. Langford Brooke to be Captain, without purchase, vice Henley, retired from full pay. 2d West India Regiment --Ensign Edward D. Lye to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Carter, who has retired ; Henry John Barker, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Ding, promoted. 3d `Neat :India Regiment—Lieut. Charles Nayler, from the half-pay of the 63d Foot, to be Lieutenant, vice Boaz• ley, appointed to the 83d Foot ; Ensign Spencer Cobbold Page to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Nayler, who re tires ; Charles Frederick Lloyd, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Green, promoted in the Ist West India Regiment. deylon Rifle Regiment—Ensign Frederick Blair Staple! to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Rutherford, promoted HOSPITAL STAFF. To be Assistant-Surgeons to the Forces—Assistant•Sur geons Angus John Mackay, supernumerary in the Ist Foot ; Albert Hawkins, supernumerary in the 4th Foot ; Wil liam Henry Price, supernumerary in the 14th Foot ; Sa muel Joseph Baytiold, supernumerary in the 19th Foot; Richard Wolseley, supernumerary in the 20th Foot; James Castor Smith, supernumerary in the 21st Foot ; John Ver non Sheddall, M.D., supernumerary in the 33d Foot; Young° Jeeves, supernumerary in the 3.qh Foot : James P. Street, M.D , supernumerary in the 39th Foot. A. D. Gulland, supernumerary in the 41st Foot ; Alfred Hooper, supernumerary in the 42d Foot; J. Johnson, su pernumerary in the 44th Foot ; J. J. Adrien, supernu merary in the 49th Foot ; W. Bradshaw, supernumerary in thes9th Foot; S. S. Skipton, M.D., supernumerary in the 56th Foot ; H. L. Itandell, supertramerary in the 621 Foot ; Peter Joseph Hoey, snnernuraerary in the 63d Foot; W. T. Pabologus, supernumerary in the 77th Foot ; Richard William Meade, supernumerary in the 88th Foot ; Charles Robert Nelson, supernumerary in the 90th Foot; William Henry Pollard, supernumerary in the 93d Foot; George Money Swinhoe, supernumerary in the 95th Foot ; Allen Bryson, M.D., supernumerary in the 07th Foot ; George Henry Finlay, supernumerary in the let Battalion of the Rifle Brigade ; Francis Stephen Bennet Franceis de Chaumont, M.D., supernu.orary in the 3d Battalion of the Rifle Brigade ; Acting Assistant-Surgeon Henry Jere miah Mayhew has been permitted to resign his Commis sion. The undermentioned Acting Assistant-Surgeons have ceased to do duty, there being no lo tiler occasion for their services:— William Collis, Francis Reynolds, William Can niffe, and James Cruice. _ TINAZT.A.MIED.--Lieutenant George Barrington Price, from the 11th Light Dragoons, to bo Captain, by purchase, vice Brevet-Major Horatio Fenwick,. who retires. BREVET—Colonel John Mitchell i;o have the local rank of Major-General at the Cape of Good Hope; Lieutenant James Shaw Gibb, of the Bengal Artillery, to have the rank of Lieutenant in the Army, while employed at the East India Company's Recruiting Depot at \Valley. COMMISSIONS SIGNED BY LO:3 , DS-LIEUTENANT. Ayrshire Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry—Lieut. John Hamilton to be Captain, vice Boyle, resigned ; Cornet John Spier to be Lieutenant, vice Hamilton, promoted ; Claude Alexander. Gent., to be Cornet, vice Cathcart, resigned ; John Crichton, Gent., to be Cornet, vice Sir James Fergusson, promoted. (The following appointment is substituted for that which appeared in the Gazette of the rith June.) Kent Militia Regiment of Artillery —Second Lieutenant Chas. Beaaclerk to be Lieutenant, vice Waring, promoted. BANKRUPTCIES ANNULLED. Daniel Davies, 'provision dealer, Cardiff. William Norfolk, tanner, Dunkeswick, Yorkshire. BANKRUPTS. Joseph Eyke and Richard Whiffen, carmen, George-yard, Milton-street, to surrender, Aug. 12, at half-past two, and Sept. 17, at half-past eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Graham, official assignee ; Bayliss, Red Cross-street ; Hensinan, Col:ege-hill. William Button, builder, Erith, Aug. 12, at eleven, and Sept. 17, at half-p as t t we l ve , a t th e C ourt of Bank ruptcy,. Stansfeld, official assignee ; Maddox and Wyatt, Clement's-lane, City. James Gathercole, ns envelope manuf ac t urer , Elth a, Kent, August 12, at two, and Sept. 10, at half-past one, at, the Court of Bankruptcy. Stansfeld, official assignee ; Maddox and Wyatt, Clement's-lane, City. Thomas Sternberg, wine merchant, Northampton, Aug. 8, at one, and Sept. 12, at half-past one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Whitmore, official assignee, Basinghall street ; Braham, Furnivars-inn. Frederick Wm. Moss, veterinary surgeon, Vauxhall walk, Aug. 7, at one, and Sept. 12, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Cannan, official assignee, Aldermanbury ; Smile, Lawrence -lane, Cheapside. Jonathan Bircumshaw, lace manufacturer, New Lonton, Wells,B, .1 2N; Nottingham. Benj. 2 . , at half-past ten, at th e Bi rm i ng h am District Court. Harris, official assignee, Nottingh am ; Benj. Brown, grocer, Bruton, Somersetshire, Aug. 11 and Sept. 8, at eleven, at the Bristol District Court. Acra man, official assignee, Bristol ; Balch, Bruton, Somerset shire,; Bridges, Bristol. Henry Peard Reed and Richard Ivens, ship brokers, Bristol, Aug. 12, and Sept. 9, at eleven, at the Bristol District Court. Miller, official assignee, Bristol; Britten and Son, 'Bristol. Duncan Hair, seedsman and florist, Saint Martin's-lane, Aug. 14 and Sept. 12, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Whitmore, official assignee, Basinghall-street; Lawrence, Plews, and Boyer, Old Jewry-chambers, City. Henry Jonas Smith and Benjamin Crane, dealers, Mil ton-street, City, August 15, at half-past twelve, and Sep tember 12, at eleven, ,at the Court of Bankruptcy. Can nan, official assignee, Aldermanbury ; Smith, Tokenhouse yard. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED. J. and J. Fatt, Eddington, Wiltshire, Blacksmith—H. T. W. Elli s and M. G. B. Harbord, Blue Anchor-road, Ro therhithe, brick manufacturers—J. Green, E. Pepper, and G. Mills, Shelton, rope manufacturers—W, B u t c h er and T. Hodgkinson, Heywood and Manchester, cotton spinners —J. Coleman and J. Williams, Coleford, Glou cester, grocers—V. and T. Challoner, Liverpool, ship builders and blacksmiths—W. and D. Smith, Hambledon tsrrace West, New Cross, coal and corn dealers—A. Wil mot and R. H. Singlehurst, Derby, makers of elastic ho siery for surgical purposes—W. P. and A. Chilcott, Bris tol, silversmiths and pawnbrokers—W. May and H. and A. Stoessiger—W. and J. Redfern, Warwick, plasterers J. Millington and IL Baker, Nottingham, lace manufac ture rs —C. Milner and T. Cowdery, Paternoster-row, whole sale chemists and druggists—J. Fitzmaurice and W. War burst, Manchester, medical fitters—N. Hermann and J. M. Frost, Great St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, stampers in pad and silver on textile fabrics—G. B. Goodman and W. M. Lightfoot, Little York-place, St. Marylebong, manufacturers of certain patent apparatus for holding letters and musis sheet—J. Conyers, jun., and J. Caw thorn, Leeds, ourriers—G. Rogers, S. Cox, W. Score, and G. Colthurst, Bristol, alkali and chemical manufacturers —R Saul and T. Kirby, Proton, joiners t. fa builders —J. Stafford, W. Standing, and J. Duckworth, Over Dsr yen, paper stainer—R. Addenbroof cod W. J. Edwards, Bir mingham, gun manufacturers-4i. Flexon and G. Lilwall, High Wycombe, printers, stationers, bookbinders, and DECLARATIONS OF DIVIDENDS. J. Paterson, Manchester, tailor—first div., on new proofs, of 5s 7d. in the pound, Tuesday, Aug. 5, or any Tuesday after Oct. 4, at the office of Mr. Pott, Manchester. P.. Darlington, Wigan, money scrivener and coal dealer —first div. of is. 4d. in the pound, Tuesday, Aug. 5, or any Tuesday after Oct. 4, at the office of Mr. Pott, Man chester. R. E. Bibby, Manchester, lime merchant—first div. of is. 5-9 d. in the pound, Tuesday, Ang. 5, or any Tuesday after Oct. 4, at the office of Mr. Pott, Manchester. T. Hall, Oldham, steam sawyer, bobbin manufacturer, and planer—first and final div. of 24d. in the pound, Tuesday, Aug. 5, or any Tuesday after Oct 4, at the office of Mr. Pott, Manchester. J. Phillips and W. H. and S. Hague, Manchester, cot ton spinners —second div. 9 15-16 d. in the pound, Tuesday, Aug. 5, or any Tuesday after Oct. 4, at the office of Mr. Pott, Manchester. S. Moses and N. S Lotinga, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and North Shields, merchants, ship and insurance brokers— second and final dividend of 15-16 d. in the pound, any day before August 8, or any Saturday after Oct. 4, at the office of Mr. Baker, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. S. Rose, Honiton, draper—first div. of 4s. 2id. in the pound, any Tuesday or Friday, at the office of Mr. Hirtzel, Exeter. R. W. Rose, Honiton, draper—first div. of 20s. in the pound, any Tuesday orTriday, at the office of Mr. liirtzel, Exeter, F. M'Kinnell, Liverpool and Huyton, water proofer— div. of 20s. in the pound, Wednesday, Aug. 7, or any Wednesday after Oct. 4, at the office of Mr. Turner, Li verpool. M`Kinnell and Smith, Liverpool and Huyton, water proofers first div. of 3s. in the pound, Wednesday, Aug. 7, or any Wednesday after Oct. 4, at the office of Mr. Turner, Liverpool. DIVIDEND TO BE DECLARED. Aug. 25. J. Shannon, Liverpool, linen draper. CERTIFICATES TO BE GRANTED. Aug. 22. E. Fisher, lilildlesex-place, Hackney-road oil and colourman—Aug. 22. H. P. Barlow, l a te o f I..a.ir rence Pountney.lane and Cannon-street West, wine and spirit merchant. CERTIFICATES GRANTED. July 29. J. Pattison, Alpha-road, St. John's-wood, and Park-streHt, Grosvenor-square, surgeon (second class) — July 25. J. Hyde, Stockport, spindle maker (second class) —July 25. J. Wade, Huddersfiel,l, woollen yarn manu facturer (second class)—July 24. J. Sandiford, Hinckley, draper and mercer (second class)—July 24. J. Davies, Shrewsbury, printer and bookseller (second class.) SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS. - _ John Cameron, papermaier, Edinburgh. John Phillips, sewed muslin manufacturer, Glasgow. John Gardiner, grazier, lately at Monkton Hill, Ayr shire. BANK OF I An Account pursuant to the Act 1 the Week ending on Saturda, ENGLAND. 7th and Bth Victoria, cap. E 2, for ty the 26th day of July, 1856. ABTMENT. DMUS DEP. Notes isaned ••• •• ••• •• 26,250,875 Government debt.... 11,015,101. Other securities 3,459,90 Gold coin and bullion 11,775,815 Silver bu11i0n........ - £26,250,875 £26,250,875 1, R. ELSEY, Deputy Cashier. Doted the 3lst day of July, 185 BANKING DB Proprietors' capital .. 14,553,000 Rest ................ 3,351,951 Public deposits (in cluding Exchequer, Commissioners of National Debt, Sav ing's Banks, and Dividend Accounts) 3,844,808 Other deposits ...... 10,598,296 eleven Day and other 111115........ 875,807 PLETMENT. Government securities (Includg.llead Weight Annuity) .......... 13,713,464 Other securities ...... 13.094,424 Notes - • .. ..........5,803 045 Gold and silver coin .. 612,929 £33,223,86 J. R. ELSEY, Deputy Caitaor. Dated the 31st day of July, 1856. £33,223,862 AVERAGE PRICE OF SUGAR. The Average Price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, com puted from the returns made in the week ending July 2 1856, exclusive of the Duties of Customs paid or payable thereon, on the importation thereof into Great Britain. From the British Possessions in America 32s. 74d. Muscovado, the produce of the Mauritius 325. 24d. Muscovado, the produce of the East Indies 325. 4id. ♦verage of the three foregoing descriptions 32s. bid UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON. The distribution of prizes to the pupils of the junior school took place yesterday, Mr. Bunnell Lewis, professor of Latin, Queen's College, Cork, presiding. In addition to the prizes awarded, the number of which was considerable, many of the boys received verbal tokens of approbation, and the following is a list of those only who obtained the highest rewards :—Greek—ist prize, Ingram Bywater; •ld prize, Benjamin Kish. Latin, prizes—lngram Bywater, Laurie Magnus, and Alfred Roscoe. French—Benjamin Kish, Ingrain Bywater, and Henri Godefroid. German— Jacob Stiebel, E. Schwabe, Nathaniel Nathan, and Ingram By watar. Social Science Blagden, Jacob Stiebel, Alfred Yarrow, and Nathaniel Nathan. English, History, and Geography—English, James Gilfil lan, Philip Magnus, and Chas. Harding; GeographyE Charles Martin and Edward Power. Grecian History— Joseph Carpenter and Albert Salomons. Pure Mathe matics —Jacob Stiebel, James Gilfillan, and Horace Gun dry. Applied Mathematics--Jacob Stiebel, Charles Hun ter, and William Blagden. Chemistry—Wm. Carpenter, Albert Goodman, and Horatio Wetherell. Bookkeeping James Coxeter and Edward Moore. Arithmetic—Chas. Hunter. Writing—Joseph Mariner and Alfred Bates. Perspective—lngrain Bywater, Walter Bradbury, and Alfred Yarrow. Drawing—Joseph Mariner. Singing— Benj. Seer and James Gilfillan. Gymnastics—John Dow son, Charles Harding, Charles Holland, and Joseph Bud gett. Fencing—Chas. Holland, and David Pretto. At the close of the ceremony, the chairman (a Fellow of the Col lege) addressed some observations to the company upon the merits and advantages of the institution, and alluded espe cially to the great progress which had been made within the last few years in the encouragement of liberal educa tion, unfettered by religious considerations. - . vssvmsi slick tlellberaCioa, buns! prUto ot 041Itin *IA o 41 tPootranenilation incroy, whioh Mr, brwiisi3 The prisoner was sentenced to three years' penal servi• It was stated that an attachment was lodged on 1,6001. by the t-heriffs, and that proceedings have been insti tuted by parties in Paris, who claim it as belonging to them. Country rdarileta. LIVERPOOL-AuGun 1. Owing to the brilliant weather the grain market is dull. The millers, however, are so low in stock that necessity obliges them to come forward as buyers. Holders of wheat gave way about 4d per blishel from Tuesday, and a fair business was transacted. Flour also is to 3s per sack and barrel lower. Indian corn at late rates, and a healthy sale for cattle feed ; yellow and mixed about 30s, and the best white 32s to 32s Gd per 480Ibs. Linseed cake 5s per ton deiarer ; best town make 10/. 15s per ton. There is no change in barley, beans, oats, and shelling. THE GRE.,4fe ROBBERY AT THE PAVILION HOTEL, BRIGRTON. FOLKESTONE, FnIDAY, AUG. 1. A special sessions was held this day at the Guildhall, before the Recorder, for the purpose of adjudicating a case which has created considerable attention in this part of the country. A young man named Auguste 'lasted (late manager of the Lord Warden Hotel at Dover, and of the Pavilion Hotel here) was indicted for stealing bank notes and moneys to the amount of 1,6001. It.formed part of 50,0001. which had been placed in the custody of Mr. Breach, the proprietor of the Pavilion ; and, on account of some doubt being entertained as to the exact owner of the moneys, the indictment was so framed as to meet the exigencies of the case. It charged the prisoner with stealing the moneys which had been entrusted to the care of his master." The prisoner, who is said to be most respectably connected, and spoke no less than nine languages, pleaded not guilty. Mr. Robinson appeared to prosecute, and Mr. Ser jeant Parry defended. The principal facts in the case were these :—On Sun day, the 22d of June last, a French gentleman, named De la Motto, who described himself as a merchant at Paris, arrived at the hotel, by the Boulogne steamer. He wished to have a bed-room and sitting-room, which were provided for him on the first floor. Soon afterwards he desired to see Mr. Breach, the proprietor, in order to placs some money in his charge. Mr. Breach received from him a portfolio, and a leather bag containing notes and gold. There was about 400,000 or 500,000 francs in the bag, and 33 or 39 French notes of 1,003 francs each, and 651. in English notes. On the following day Mr. Breach called the prisoner, who had had the ma nagement of the hotel for about three weeks, and told him he was going to Dublin, and would be absent about a week, and he (the priSoner) would have to take charge of Mr. Da la Motte's proptsrty. Mr. Breach, before leaving, unlocked the cupboard where the notes and gold were, and, taking them out in the prisoner's pre sence, locked them up in a drawer, and gave him the key. He was desired to ascertain from the gentleman whether he intended to take it away on that day, and, if not, to take it and deposit it in the bank, Mr. Breach having an objection to its being left at the hotel. Mr. Breach left for Dublin that day, and on the following day Mr. De la Motto also left to transact some business at Dover, saying he would return on the Saturday. Late that night the prisoner informed the housekeeper of the hotel that he had received a telegraphic message from London requiring his immediate presence there, and he would be off by the mail train. He showed her the ineqtage. It was to this effect : "From Hamilton, London, to Mr. Hastier, Pavilion Hotel, Folkestone. Come up immediately, I must see you. Urgent." She tried to persuade him to stop till the next day, on ac count of there being no one to take the management of tbe hotel. He said he must go, and left accordingly al lout half-past 1 o'clock for the railway station. No thing further was heard of him till about 3 o'clock the next afternoon, when Miss Pollock (the housekeepe r ) reek lived a telegraphic message from the prisoner, which led her to believe he was in London. It said : " I can not. come down to-night, but I will be at Folkestone by the first train to-morrow morning." Just previous to thi a message being delivered, M. De la Motte unex peg red y returned to the hotel. M. De la Motte, find ing• he had gone to London, expressed mu c h appre be osion for the security of his money ; and none of the wr Revs being able to discover the keys of the cupboard wt iere the money was deposited, he demanded that the plan 3 should be forcibly opened, which was done. The bag and portfolio were there, but on being examined the bag was discovered to have been cut open, and the wl.l ale of the notes were gone. The gold, however (485 sovereigns), and other valuable papers, remained. Sus picion at once fell on the pri soner , w h o was appre• hen; led the same night at Dover, on his way to the Beig ian steamer for the Continent. He was first o b s erved by a Custom house age n t, w h o too k hi m to a hot el . in the vicinity, and Mr. Coram, the superinten dent, being sent for, he took him into custody. The Custonsehouse . officer at first resisted Mr. Coram taking the ixriso. ner,. saying that no c h arge wou ld b e pre f erred .artier, who was go i ng b ac k to F o lk estone to against . B make a u amicable settlement. Mr. Comm would not permit c ‘fa : ny such proceedings, and conveyed him to the police sta afon 7 The whole of the stolen notes were found on him. Evidehco was a dd uce d w hi c h s h owe d th a t the . telegraphi message was sent by a female in London, the prisoner ht Wing written to h er on th e 'Wednesday night to telegrap. 't to him the message he enclosed. At the station hout •e the prisoner admitted absconding with the money. He said, "I don't know how it was, but I could not T.'s-el fa 6 . the temptation." Mr. Se rgea.nt Parry made a forcible appeal on behalf of the pri super. The R icorder thou summed up and the jury, after a WAKEFIELD-AUGUST 1. The wheat trade has been dull, owing to the beautiful weather, and' a limited business effected at a decline of 5s from the prices of last Friday. Lincolnshire and Yorkshire white is quoted 74s to 775, extra 795; red ditto 65s to 695, extra 71s. There is not much doing in other articles, and prices tending downwards. Average price of grain—Wheat, 77s 7d ; barley, 40a Od ; oats, 32s Od ; beans, 47s Od ; peas, s. EXETER-Am:ln 1. - - CORN.—In our market wheat may be quoted from 9s Od to 9s 3d. Malting barley, Os Od to Os Od ; grinding do., Os Od to Os Od. Oats, 3s 6d to 3s 9d. Beans, Os Od +0 Os Od : Peas, 00s Od to 00s Od. FLoun..—Fine, o4s Od to 553 Od ; seconds, 52s Od to t 3. Od per sack. _ &nix.— Fat beef was sold at from lOs al to 1180 d per score ; fat calves, 5d to sid per lb ; barrenners, 6s Od to Os 6d. per score ; cows and calver, 121. to 171. t , s ; butchers' calves, 6d to —d per lb., rearin calves —s to s each. Sheep, ewes and lambs, 11. 14s to 21. 5s per couple; ewes, 6d to 60 ; wethers, 6ld to 41; lambs, 01 Os each. Pigs, large size, 45s to 555; second size, 24s to 30s; slips, 20s to 30s ; suckers, lOs to 14s. Rough fat, 4d per lu. Pork carcases from_los Od to 11s Od per score. BRISTOL SUGAR-AUGUST 1. The market continues quiet, and still no disposition on the part of the refiners to increase their stocks of raw sugars at present prices. Refiners' produce is dull of sale, although offered on very moderate terms. Rum wanted and rather dearer. COAL MARKS Prices of Coal per ton at T.—AUGUST 1. the close of the market.' 8. d. Tanfield Moor l4 0 Howard's West Hartley Netherton 17 C Tanfield Moor Butes 14 0, Bate's West Hartley l6 6 Brown's Moor High Main 15 0 West Riding Hartley l5 Victoria Hartley l5 t Stanley Main l7 0 Holywell l7 6 Redheugh Main. l4 0 Hetton West Hartley l5 Wallsend, &e. Wallsend, &o. Hetton lB 6 Riddell l6 3 Framwellgate l7 0 Russell's Hetton 17 6 south Hetton 18 6 'rough Hall 17 0 Tees lB 6 Caradoe l7 6 Cassop ll 6 Hartlepqol lB 0 ' iota]) Kelloe 17 6 Evenwood 16 0 Haswell 18 6 Wharncliffe 'l6 0 Hilda 15 9 Eden 17 0 Lyon's Stone Coal 2O 0 1 I Sold Heaton " 16 0 South Hartlepool l7 (.) Kelloo 17 6 Whitworth l6 C Ships at market... 7. LOCAL SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, AUGUST 1. STOOL EXOHANGE.—The market is steady to-day, and prices are improved. The following are the closing quo. tations :—Blackburn, 94 Midland, 84/1 4 Sheffields, 34i —.Worth Eastern, Berwick, 21i—East Lancashire, 21i — South Eastern, 22a —Dutch Rhenish, 24 p.—Luxembourg, Great Wasthrn, 614—Lancashire and Yorkshire, 97i London and North Western, 1074 B—Eastern Counties, 10i 4 Chester and Holyhead, 174. MANCHESTER, AUGUST 1. STOCK EXOHANGE.—This market was doing rather a large business to-day, and prices were firm. Leeds, 98i—Eastern Counties, 10i —Sheffields, 34i —Fleetwoods. 7 dis.—South Eastern and Dovers, 2211—Midlands, Sl/ —Blackburns, 9A—Great Western, 63—E as t L ancas hi re , 81i—Electric Telegraph, 23/ —Oxford and Worcester, 16. —Warrington and Stockport. 54. BIRMINGHAM, AUGUST 1. STOOK EXCHANGE.—The market has been doing a very brisk business to-day. Birmingham Canals, 924 ex div. —Birmingham Banking Co. shares, 37—W olverhampton and Staffordshire Banks, 20. COITRBE OF EXCH, Amsterdam ............ 11 73 Ditto, three months .. 12 0 aotterdam 12 0 Antwerp 25 573 iirussels • • .. •• •• •••• •• 25 57% tiamburgh •• •• •• •••• • • 13 8% tltona .. • • •• •• •• •• •• •• Yatis.•••• •• • •• •• •• •• 25 32% LNGE.-YESTUDAY. Gibraltar .... ••• •••••••• Leghorn •••••••••• •••• 30 0 Genoa, ......... • •• 2 6 73 Milan •• •• •••• •• •••.•• Venice.. •..• •••• •• .• •• Naples ........ ........ 43X Palermo .... 133 Messina ... 13 3 14, Lisbon .. Oporto . •• •• •• •• •• •• •• 53 Rio Janeiro Buenos Ayres New• Philadelphia •• Ditto, three months .. 25 65 Marseilles •...•• • .. .• 25 67% , lourdeaus .. • • ...• Fiankfort-on-Maine 120 Berlin •• •• •• •• •• •• •• Vienna•• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• 10 22 trieste.. .• .• .• 10 24 Petersburg •••••••• •• •• 37 5 5 ; Madrid .•••• • • • • II• •• 49% Jadiz ••••• • • •• •• •• •• 50 Barcelona •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• PRICES OP SVELICN, PER OZ. Foreign Gold In Bars £3 17 9 Portugal Gold Coln .. 0 0 0 Mexican Dollars .... 0 0 0 New Dollars . 0 0 0 Silver in bar* 0 0 SEABORNE MAILS. signines that the math. auu .eut, 'rum the General Post-office ,y the night—and M by the morning —despatch.) Day whenmade up From wha Wren 0017N . FRIMI7. in General poor. Pori due tO Office, London.* Dispatch° . Eu—oed. &munch( oyy.rit.pack ' , ivory Friday .. Liverpool ... Weekly Americo. (by United Si • packet) •Every Tuesday .. Southamptet Weekly &merles, (by U. Stat , packet) ... Liverpool A.astralia (via Liver pool) 4th and 19th Liverpool .. Twice nlo Ditto (via Marseilles) 7 •• • •• • Dover ...., • Ditto (via Cape of Goo; Hope) N •... •• •• ••N •••• ... Uncertain &fries (West Coast)..) 13d of th. tounti. Plymouth .. 6th of mu. lOth & 213th of n 0, Dover ...... ad t 19th h ttt 2oth of mot,. Southampio. 4 &21 elm Bahamas 17th of the meat) Southampton 16th Belgium tally Dover ..... Brazil N 9th of the mouth.. Southamptm i 6. 8i1en03Ayre5........111 3th o h. -nom, Anothamstor 16 Cape 01 Good Hope Uncertain C ape of Good Hope ../ ase do Verds Ott rut th- mo n ty Sontham tot 16th of me p Ceylon (see India) 10th and 26th lb & 29th Ceylon 4th and 20th 4 & 26th Channel Isles ea.,tsr rht. Southampton ru. Tn.t. at. & 17th of month Suutharnp•oi 1 and 16 Cams . 4th and 10th 4 and 29 Constantinople ......D oth and 26th... . Dover ..... 2 and t 9 Constantinople 4th & 20th of IDn, Sn'ltbanlPlol 1 and 24 Cont. of Europe hi & Is rwic,a daily Dover Twice day Egypt (see India) Franco ........ M& N rwice daily .... . Dover ..... Twleedail/ Gibraltar 4, 7,17,20,27 of m. Soutliamptot 6,7, 24,21+ • Greece (see India) Greytown fral & 17th of men. Southampt. • 1 and 16 Efamburgh ..........N Daily London Dail) davarmah 2nd of the month Southa Dailypi.,2dtitmo Holland 51 Daily .....• Honduras 17th of the month Southampto 16th India (viaSouthempt.)l(l Ith tC 20th of mon Plymouth .. I and 21 m India (via Marsoliles)sl 10Lh8c 26th of motl Dover ...„ „, 15 & 29 OS lonian Isles (see India) • • .. , Dover...." Ireland N rwice daily Holyhead ... Lisbon 2d of n o Kadoira tth of the monti Southampton 6, 16:co 6. Madeira 234 of month Liverpool Walta (see India) Malta ..............N 4, 10, 20, and 26 Dover 4, 21,16,29 Mauritius (see India) Wauritius 20:h of the moat! 10. 29 Mexico M .mti of the month., Southampton Naples Daily. ..... Dover ..... • New Granada ...... h 2d& 17th o f mon th Southampto 16 hew Twi.:.° a month Various port Papal htates Daily...." • • • • .. Dover 4 weekly Peuinsula •. •• •• •• •• aouthamptt Peru & 27th of mon. Aouthamphn Ist & 16th Port Natal ..........N private ship.. Various po r t ! Sicily ~..........N Ryer) , Saturday.. Dover Weekly Tuscany .. • • Dover Venezuela :t1 a i7th of month aouthamptor t di 16 melt Van Diemen's I.And (so. Australia) ..th of mon. .. mbuthly West • nn, I lonthamptn, I and 16 Whenany of these dates fall on a Sunday, the malls will be de• smtchcd on the following day, 1 1 71 th tho no:intim of the Ina., -.a ~ outhampton), and the Malta, both of which will be desoatah ,, i the preceding day. BIRTHS. OF ♦ SON. On the 31st ult., at Surbiton, Binuston-on-Thames the wife of the Rev. Charles W. Doherty. On the Ist inst., at 9, Albert-terrace, Richmond-road, Bayswater, th e w if e o f Captain Coeur, R.N. Light Infantry. OF A DAUGHTER. On the Ist inst., at Fitzroy-square, the lady of Frederic Lowrance ' Esq. On the 31st ult., at 103, Strand, Mrs. Win. S. Hale. MARRIED. Oa the 31st ult., at Sheering Church, Essex, Hay Cooper, Esq., youngest son of the late Richard Cooper, Esq., to Gertrude Mary, :youngest daughter of George G. Hill, Esq., of Portland-place. On the 31st ult. ' at St: Gabriel's, Warwick-square, T. Graham Balfour, M.D., of the Royal Military Asylum,' Chelsea, to Georgina, widow of the late Edwd. Anderson,' Esq., of Rosstrevor, co. Down. DIED. On the 31st n't..'at Horseudon House, Bucks, Thomas Oliver Anderson, Esq., one of her Majesty's Counsel, and Boucher of Lincoln's-inn, aged 70. On the 31Ft ult., Daniel Gurteen, sen., E sq ., a t H aver . hill, Suffolk, aged 80. On the 31st ult., at 22, Edward•street, Portman-square, Ann Maria, relict of the late Thos. Ponsonby, of 32, Re. gent-circus, Piccadilly, aged 76, On the 31st ult., Captain G. H. Robeson, late of the Turkish Contingent, aged ?A On the 31st ult., Ann Wuist, relict of the late Henry Wuist, of tho Bank of England, aged 58. On the 29th ult., Rebecca, second daughter of S. Yates, E s q., 20, St. Mary-axe, city, aged 22. On the 30th ult., Elizabeth, wife of John Honey, Esq., of Eton Villa, Haverstock-hill, Hampstead, and iron monger-194 e, ty, aged 63. LONDON: Printed and Published by KURD() YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Pi-inter, at The Sun Office, No. 112, strand, in the Precinct of the _Savoy. in the nosey of 2kliddlerex, Saturday, August ; 1656. 1 } ~.