The Sun. — London, England, 1842-12-26 00:00:00

1 I' OLICE INTELLIGENCE. OW 'STREET. — (THIS DAY.) PQ? Young men, named Henry Saunders end Win. is 4 r l B, were charged with. assaulting police-officers k eh a ncl..F 27, and threatening to stab them with a b fOrkT *Wile in the execution of their duty. 'l 4 : 4 , 1 stated that he was OA duty this morning at ?111 °clock in Long-acre, when he saw a horse li t c 'Pihg • down the street without any harnes3. k t „Stopptid hini, and then the two prisoners running up, and asked him what k li n gss he had to meddle with the horse. They el' be very abusive • 6if their way to the Green-yard ~ ,ed to the 130w . -stret district, from which place ared the horse•bad e escaped ; and on the witness 11 Q at enit* to take the prisoners to the station-house, 4 T the t into the stable, and bringing out a %f• wen urk threatened to stab him if he attempted to ki4t ",141 . , into custody. ..Another policeman came up, •r i fi t'Y were conveyA to : the station-house. prtivAneri in their defence said they were drunk. 4r Mr • • • JARDINA sentenced Saunders to 14 days' im -4,41/lent, and the other prisoner to eight days in louse of Correctien. - FARYLEBONE.—(TH IS DA y). 31 1 Ginnis, a middle aged female, respectablyi cc; in mourning, was placed at-the bar, charged L 4I V- li fting; 817 Piii Fountain,' a boy in the employment of Simpson, draper, Crawford-street, said that I~Pflsolier came into his employer's on Saturday ‘.4 about nine o'clock, and requested to look at artificial flowers, which were shown her ; from 4 1 She. selected one, and he (witness) afterwards 4,0 her ribbons, but suspecting that she had con k:4 soniething under her cloak, he informed Mr. who c ame u p an d t ax ed h e r with th e th e ft. k . Rex said when her cloak was thrown open a O f ribbon, fell out, whith he' identified as Mr. ProPkerty. The prisoner waS then con *to the station-house, and being further searched / of various kinds was found upon her, all 'min drapers' shops. 1.-r• Green, auctioneer and house-agent, of 01 k -street, requested to say a few words. knew, the prisoner for the last dozen Se had been married to a person filling a tesiectible position in society, but, he dying, '. l3 (ier t o fight the world with two children. Wit "kilearld ngiaily =Ore who knew her in better circum " give her, occasional employment, and she was e , B ent living in one of his houses, 15, William-street. it ' l l)ed as she had borne a-good character hitherto, 4 t ne Dtagistrite would . be as lenient as possible. • Riwuxsori said, he must either dismiss her at . ° l ' commit her to. Newgate for trial. If Mr. kl7° ll had no wish to prosecute, he would discharge k } „• Rex said, that Mr. Simpson had no wish to iV t ,extremities, and the prisoner left the Court with "Tee n . L ERK.EN WELL.—(T HIS DA Y.) Grant and John Baker, two miserable-look ng-men, were charged with begging. tt t ","ce-constable E 64, deposed, :that yesterday ki7 o ver-lo"clock, he. saw the prisoners touching h, Uats to several ladies and gentlemen as they k t ,7 l along in Southampton -row. They were in a by hhg ttesitiOn. 1 Witness did not see them receive V ' ne ketbok them into custody. When he t d them, , he said, " You must now come with t i `o the station-house," and they said, " Very , j i ; we are willin.g."' ans4er to Mr. Comma, the prisoner Baker said ki h : 4B from Liverpool, which he had left with r ushes: fur sale; Grant was from Carlisle ; they t. te ItektfO*l6dged the act of begging, and said they 1 s tarting: They had slept in a workhouse and k.e street alternately, since their arrival inLondon. enunE sentenced them to seven days' impri s,ent in the House of Correction,' whence he 'said ‘,4h~uld get a pass to their native places if they , - - rtV'E-TRAnE BANQUET.--The preparations for the vo llt ",qemonstration in this city on the 11th of next '4, l ' l _,in favour of the principles of free-trade; are, %,4 1 , 1. 4 cieTstand, in a state of considerable forward ' addition to Mr. Cobden, we learn that Col. 1 ;ilt: 1 1 3 son, Mr. Fox Maule, Mr. P. M. Stewart, Sir Wallace,Eli rt `tiding, Mr. of Kelly, Mr. Edward Mr. George Runcan (Member of Parliament k liae audee), and: other distinguished :friends of the ' have intimated their intention-of being present. t l k)t; a ugurs*ell for the display of talent on tho . ocFa 7 '4l and we have no doubt from the demand which Ifili a, lready be en made f o r tickets that 'the meeting 1 / 410 , p u e elmllY imPortant as regards numbers. The ations for the spacious hall in which the banquet 40 . , t 1i; place have been entrusted to Mr. D. R. Hay, 44,7 1 ,uhurgh—a guarantee that they will be chara-c -iifj7un by p er f ec t el eganc e and taste.—G/askaw ,te. • IV'e Earl and Countess of Maimesbury are passing I ki l leason a t 'Hero! Court, neag. 0:1 4 §140.eb. The A ft Earl and-a party of gentlimen were out shoot- VI Tuesday, when his Lordship killed with his 1 , gun .no less than thirteen wobdcocks.! • • trxiiirLoYun.—Large numbers. of operatives ,rut of employment still wander about the !streets: ired i a i r day a party, consisting of upwards of a'hun aLneld a meeting in Albion-street, in the open air, l 'o th 'eass their grievances. Prevented as they, are N kb .sqiciting charity, what can - those famished fith"res . do P They are at present literally starving, I , o°rospects of relief.—Glgow Citizen. Vphus fever continues its ravages, .turning. 4 once._happy homes into houses, of mourning. families have been severely visited-'-'-more than "j laving been madein some. 7 ---I)ioulee Herald. 4 13 a wise Proteus that is holy . with the holy, JtNi t'd With the learned, serious with the serious, find t, (1 41 with the merry. That is the way to gain all. 112) for similitude is the bond of good-will. k.4:ItiPoRT.—As a proof of the mildnesi of the 4, 4e u t i there is now to be seen in the garden of Mr. Trevis, of Biddlelake Farm, near this town, a 8)t'1, 3 nest, with four young ones ; they appear quite 111' and strong.—Salisbury Herald. terrible failures which have lately occurred in t 't!th"vn, have tended to cause a feeling of distrust ate cOmmercial world, which the present depressed tt . 4 4 - , ( 'f trade. does not seem likely to dissipate. We qt. th "; however, that the reports which have been in lik i ration 'are greatly exaggerated, and that the 1 44. now existing will gradually subside. The d 0 es not seem to have influenced the price of tit e b a `olls here, as might have been expected, and kri g g e r's meat still maintains a high price, in com -1/4 with the reduction effected in other towns. — 'Set County Gazette. lo tr t FORGERY CASE.—The four brothers, Hoidens, „fareringdale, who are at present prisoners in Ito ‘' ll , were brought before the Magistrates, on ' { lelaY, along with their sister, who has been, since 1 44 ,were apprehended, taken into custody. The ,r4l 4 „",.,qithers were committed to York, for using a i k "overnment stamp, or die, resembling that used %Nee Commissioners of Stamps. They were not ihi"; as there are other charges to be brought k itti aq them. Th e ir sister and four more were re ttitiLd till Monday next. The names of the other tF j"lat ate—Parker, Royal, Burns, and Barrett, . t. ter of whom, it is said, signed the notes, and NA ol lner made the plate and published the notes. kt ee Plate was an imitation of the Wirkswork bank C''-Leeds Times. t4eIeOSED SUICIDE THROUGH POVERTY.-011 Sa- C 4l4 Cs , 3r , Mr. Baker held an inquest at the Red Lion, 4 ,oG e ti-street, Stoke Newington, on the body of an 4i 3 , - , c) wn female. The evidence showed that on Fri hlialast deceased was observed by several individuals kr,'"iug about Stoke Newington. ' -Her Manner, ChSnd. dress were indicative of extreme penury., di d evkaing a domestic" of the Rev: Mr. Clipbold N t i v it'La 'the body 'of the deceased floating on the ;144 abftli of. t ohe New Inver,, near Paradise-row. The e river about that spot being fenced with N.„l s alix?gs, it appeared evident that deceased had 4,,.;15 - pea in 'accidentally, but probably had drowned She - was about forty years of age, of squalid tm a raliCe; and nothing of the slightest value, or that 1 „ " 1 lead t o h er b e i ng id en tifi e d, was found on her '‘Verdiet— " Found drowned." Dui and CHEPSTOW Muxn ux .—We understand that V a rd 'Rees; who stands charged with the late wilful ho d er near Chepstow, has, since his committal to nineed - 6 demeanour becoming his awful situation d' h as been low-spirited, but respectful ; and has l'ue(l that bravado which he evinced during the ki i 7e,r,:s . inquest. His wife and other members of study visited him on Wednesday se'nnight.- 1 4 , 6 ,_, 7 1 .- 1 a a. kil t 4 : understand that Miss Sabilla Novello is en tO & Ma's principal singer at Drury Lane; and is soon i n an English version of La Gazza Ladra. Young lady is the daughter of Mr. Vincent No 'ind the sister of Miss Clara Novello, one of Pr ist distinguished vocalists of the present day. Adler Sabina Novelle is just returned from Italy, I,, i a she has been pursuing her musical studies ti t " the tuition of the Chevalier Micheroux, the dis t4h„ i sbed master of Madame Pasta. She has also 1 4, - ,,,eligoked by Sir Henry Bishop . for the approach of' ( I \94l4o:Concert at Edinburgh, in commemoration teneral itAd, the Founder of the Musical Pro- Dtc sip the UniverAty of that city. , fat 4 , 41- iiiN - MANoa.---The circle assembled at the asst , ( Lit i B ),T R. _and Lady Peel separated on Thursday yi1t 7 1,t,4 the exception of Viscount and Viscountess al t .. e -,,TFtI The party comprised Baron Nieumann, I: 4l l',Yerett,' Chevalier Bunsen, Earl of Aberdeen, Lord Fitzgerald, Sir Thomas Fre -1;74.1% hart., and the Right Hon. H. Goulburn. hits 8.- ! --We are sorry to hear that Lord Lonsdale kt io ",el' - ed a reduction to be made in the wages of his arti-of. two shilling per week on those receiv- Journal. AM ERICA N N EAVS THE PRESIDENT'S PI 'MESSAGE. St LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY EVENING. By the arrival of the fine New York packet-, ship Independence, under command of Captain E. Nye, after an extraordinary quick voyage of sixteen days, we have received New York papers to the 10th mist- inclusive. The Presi dent's Message was delivered to Congress on the Bth, and was carried by express to New York in nine hours and seventeen minutes. It is a less lengthy document than usual, but is not, gene rally speaking, of much interest. The President recommends a modification of the Tariff, and insists upon the benefits to be derived from moderate duties. But the great feature of the Message is the Exchequer plan submitted by the Treasury last year, and which is again recommended. The argument in support of this measure is lame, - excessively feeble, and possesses little of the merit of the paper in which . it was first brought before the nation. Our pri vate advises lead us to believe that this recom mendation will not be countenanced by Congress. The President complains bitterly of the inabi lity of the Treasury Department to sell in Europe the Loan authorised. by Congress, but does not condescend to let us know how much has been, parted with in this country. . . . . . . . Our foreign relations 'are represented to be in a very satisfactory position ; and the rumour of favourable accounts from ' MeXieo is fully con firmed. , . • The Columbia arrived at Boston at three o'clock on the morning - of the 6th December, havingar- Hired at Halifax on the 3d. Sufficient time - had not elapsed since the receipt of the intelligence brought by her at New York to notice its effects upon the markets, .especially as. the Bth was ob served as a general ,holiday or thanksgiving. CONGRESS.' . NEW YORE, SATURDAY, DEC.•B. On the re-assembling of the Senate on Tuesday noon, a quorum was not present; and as soon as the fact was ascertained, an adjournment took place. In the House notice was given by Mr. Johnston, of Maryland, of his intention early to ask leave to bring in a Bill for assumption of State debts bythe Govern ment. - Mr. Adams called up his resolution rescinding the 21st rule, which prohibits the reception of petitions on the subject fai, slavery, and after some discussion on questions of order, the resolution was laid over. Mr. J. T. Mason announced the death of Mr. J. W. Williams, of Maryland, and after adopting the usual resolutions on such occasions, the House adjourned. At half-past ten o'clock last evening, the Govern ment express arrived at the Post-office in this city, with the President's message, which was delivered yesterday after a quorum of the Senate appeared in their places, and with which the express left Wash ington at 13 . minutes past 1 P.M., performing the whole distance in 9 hours 17 minutes. THE MESSAGE. TO THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF RE PRESENTATIVES 'OF THE - UNITED STATES. We have continued reason to express our profound gratitude to the great Creator of ,all things for num berlesS benefits conferred upon us as a people. Blessed with genial seasons, the husbandman' has his garners filled with abundance, and the necessaries of life, not to speak of its luxuries, abbund in every . direction. While in some other nations steady' and industrious labour can hardly. find the means of subsistence, the greatest evil which we have to encounter is a surplus of production beyond the home demand,' which seeks, and with difficulty finds, a . partial market in other regions. The health,of 'the : country, with partial ex ceptions, has for the past year been well preserved ; 'and under their free and wise institutions, the United States Are rapidly advancing towards the consum mation of the - high destiny . which an overruling Pro vidence Seems to laye.rearke!i - out for them. Exempt from domestic .corivutsion, land at peace with the' World, we are left:free . .to- consult as to the best means of securing andadvancing the happiness of the people. Such, are thy circumstances ', under which you . now assemble , in your Tespeetive Chambers, and which Should.lead .us to unite- in praise and thanksgiving to : that,. great.Being•who nittde-its, .and who 'preserves us as a nation.. . I• congratulate •yin,i fellotV;eitizens, • on the happy - change }n. the .aspect !of :'our , foreign affairs since my last .annual' message. Causes a. complaifit at that time existed bgAveenlli Plife4,' States and Great Britain, ...which, kfteadf Srritti*g .: circumstances, threat .llstied moleset4bifll The iitiblie peace. The•difficulty nf, s adjusting amicably the questions at issue between the two countries was n: no , -small degree augmented by the lapse of time since they-had their origin: The opinions entertained by the Executive on several of the leading topics in dispute were frankly set forth in the Message at the opening of your late session. The _appointment of a special Minister by Great Britain to the United States, with power to negotiate upon most of the points of difference, indicated a desire on her part amicably to adjust them, and that Minister was met by the Executive in the same spirit which had dictated his mission. The treaty consequent thereon, having been duly ratified by the two Governments, a copy, together with the' correspondence which accom panied it, is herewith communicated. I trust that whilst you may see in it nothing objectionable, it may be-the means of preserving, for an indefinite period, the amicable relations happily existing between the two Governinents. ,The questions of peace or war between the United States and Great Britain, is a question of the deepest interest, not only to themselves, .but to the civilized world, since it is scarcely possible that a war could exist between them without endangering the peace of Christendom. The immediate effect of the treaty upon ourselves will be felt in the security afforded to mercantile enterprise, which, no longer apprehensive of interruption, adventures its speculations in the most distant, sea; and freighted with the diversified productions of every land, returns to bless our own. There is nothing in the treaty which, in the slightest degree, compromises the ho nour or dignity of either nation. Next to the settle ment of the boundary line, which must always be a matter of difficulty between States as individuals, the question which seemed to threaten the greatest em barrassment, was that connected with the African slave trade. By the 10th article of the Treaty of Ghent it was expressly declared that " Whereas the traffic in slaves is irreconcileable with the principles of humanity and justice; and whereas both his Majesty and the United States are desirous of continuing their efforts to pro mote its entire abolition, it is hereby agreed that both the contracting parties shall use their best endeavours to accomplish so desirable an object." In the enforce ment of the laws and treaty stipulations of Great Bri tain, a practice had threatened to grow up on the part , of its cruisers, of subjecting to visitation ships sailing under the American flag, which, while it seriously involved our maritime rights, would subject to vexa tion a branch of .our trade which was daily in creasing, and which required the fostering care of the Governmeet. And -although Lord Aberdeen, in his correspondence with the American Envoys at London,expressly. disclaimed all right to de tain an merican ship on the high seas, even if found with a cargo of slaves on board, and restricted the British pretensions to a mere claim to visit and inquire, yet it could not well be discerned by the Executive of the United States how such visit and inquiry could be made without detention on the voyage, and consequently interruption to the trade. It was regarded as the right of search, presented only in a new form, and expressed in differe n t words ; and I therefore - felt it to be my duty distinctly to declare, in my anituallmessage to Congress; that no such con cession could be made, and that the United States had both the will and the ability to enforce their own laws, and to protect their flag from being used for. purposes wholly forbidden . by those laws, and ob noxious to the moral censure of the world. Taking .the Message as his letter of instructions, our then Minister at Paris felt himself required to assume the same ground in a remonstrance which he felt it to be his duty to-present to M. Guizot, and through him to the King of the French, against what has been called the Quintuple treaty ; and his conduct in this respect met with the approval of this Government. In close conformity with these views the eighth article of the treaty was framed, which provides that "each nation shall keep afloat in the African seas a force of not less than eighty guns, to act separately and apart, under instructions from - their 'respective Governments, and for the enforcement of their respec tive laws and obligations. From this it will be seen that the ground assumed in the Message has been fully! maintained, .at the same time that the stipula tions of the Treaty of Ghent are to be carried out in good faith by the two countries, and that all pretence is removed for interference with our commerce for any purpose whatever by a foreign Government: While, therefore, the United States have been stand ing up for the freedom of the seas, they have not thought proper to make that a pretext for avoiding a fulfilment of their treaty stipulations, or a ground for giving countenance to a trade reprobated by our laws. A similar arrangement by the other great Powers could not fail to sweep from the ocean the slave trade, without the interpolation of tiny new principle into the maritime code. We may be permitted to hope that the example thus set will be followed by some, if not all of them. : We thereby also aff or d su it a bl e protection to the fair trader in those teas, thus fulfilling at the F sa.me timt - the W dictat of a sound . Policy, and cqm plying with the claims of justice and humanity. It would have furnished additional cause for con gratulation, if the treaty could have embraced all subjects calculated in future to lead to a misunder standing between the two Governments. The terri tory of the United States, commonly called the Oregon territory, lying on the Pacific Ocean,. north'of the 42d degree of latitude, to a portion of which Great Britan lays claim, begins to attract the attention of our fellow-citizens, and the tide of population, which has reclaimed what was so lately an unbroken wilder ness, in more contiguous regions, is preparing to flow over those vast districts which stretch from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. In advance of the acquirement of individual rights to these lands, sound policy dictates that every effort should be re sorted to by the two Governments to settle their re spective claims. It became manifest at an early hour of the late negotiations, that any attempt for the time being satisfactorily to determine those rights, would lead to a protracted discussion, which might embrace in its failure other more pressing matters, and the Executive did not regard it as proper to waive all the advantages of an honourable adjustment of other diffi culties of great magnitude and importance, because this, not so immediately pressing, stood in the way. Although the difficulty referred to may not for seve ral years to come involve the peace of the two coun tries, yet I shall not delay to urge on Great Britain the importance of its early settlement. Nor will other matters of commercial importance to the two countries be overlooked ; and I have good reason to believe that it will comport with the policy of Eng land, as it does with that of the United States, to seize upon this moment, when most of the causes of irritation have passed away, to cernent the peace and unity of the. two_ countries by wisely removing all grounds of probable future collision. With 'the other Powers of Europe our relations continue on the most amicable footing. Treaties now existing with them should be rigidly observed, and every opportunity, compatible with the interests of the United States should be seized upon to enlarge the basis of commercial intercourse. Peace with all the world is the true foundation of our policy, which can only bt rendered permanent by the practice of equal and impartial justice to all. Our great desire should be to enter only into that rivalry which looks to the general good, in the cultivation of the, sciences, the enlargement of the field for the, exercise of the mecha nical arts, and the spread of commerce—that great civiliser—to every land and sea. Carefully abstaining from interference in all questions exclusively refer ring themselves to the political interests ofEurope, we may be permitted to hope an equal exemption from the interference of European Governments in what relates to the States of the American continent. On the 23d of April last, the Commissioners on the part of the United States, under the convention with the Mexican Republic, of the 11th of April, 1839, made to the proper department a final report in re lation to the proceedings of the Commission. From this it appears that the total amount awarded to the claimants by the Commissioners and the um pire appointed under that Convention, was two mil lions twenty-six thousand and* seventy-nine dollars and sixty-eight cents. The arbiter having considered that his functions were required by the Convention to terminate at the same time with those of the Com missioners, returned to the Board, undecided for want of time, claims which had been allowed by the Ame rican Commissioners, to the amount of nine hundred and twenty-eight thousand six hundred and twenty dollars and eighty-eight cents. Other claims, in which the amount sought to be recovered was three millions three hundred and thirty-six thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven dollars and five cents, were submitted to the Board too late for its consideration. The Minister of the United States at Mexico has been duly authorised to make demand for the pay ment of the awards according to the, terms of the Convention, and the provisions •of the Act of Con gress of the 12th of June, 1840. He has also been instructed to communicate to that Government the expectations of the Government of the United States in relation to those claims which were not disposed of according to the provisions of the Convention, and all others of citizens of the United States against the Mexican Government. He had also been furnished with other instructions to be followed by him in case the Government of Mexico should not find itself in a condition to make present' payment of the amount of the awards, in specie or its equivalent. I am happy to be, able "to say that information which is esteemed favourable, .both to a just satisfaction of the awards, and a reasonable provision for other claims, has been recently received from Mr. Thompson, the Minister of the United States, who has promptly and efficiently executed' the instructions of his Govern ment in regard to this important subject. The citizens of the United States who accompanied the late Texan expedition to Santa Fe; and who were wrongfully taken and held as prisoners of war in Mexico, have all been liberated. A correspondence has- taken place between the de partment of State and the Mexican Minister of Fordign Affairs, upon the coniplaint of Mexico, that citizens-of the United States were permitted to give aid to the inhabitants of Texas in the war existing between her and that Republic. Copies of this cor respondence are herewith communicated to Congress, together with copies of letters on the same subject, addressed to the diplomatic corps at Mexico by the American Minister and the Mexican Secretary of State. Mexico has thought proper to reciprocate - the mis sion of the United States to that Government by ac crediting to this a Minister in the same rank as that of the Representative of the United Stites in Mexico. From the circumstances connected with his mission, favourable results are anticipated from it. It is so obviously for the interest of both countries as neigh bours and friends that all just causes of mutual dissa tisfaction should be removed, that it is to be hoped neither will omit or delay the employment of any practicable and honourable means to accomplish that end. The affairs pending between this Government and several others of the States of this hemisphere for merly under the dominion of Spain, have again, within the past year, been materially obstructed by the mili tary revolutions and conflicts in those countries. The ratifications of the treaty between the United States and the Republic of Ecuador, of the 13th of June, 1839, have been exchanged, and that instru ment has been duly promulgated on the part of this Government. Copies are now communicated to Con gress, with a view to enable that body to make such changes in the laws applicable to our intercourse with that Republic as may be deemed requisite. Provision has been made by the Government of Chile for the payment of the claim on account of the illegal detention of the brig Warrior at Coquimbo, in 1820. The Government has reason to expect that other claims of our citizens against Chile will be has tened to a final and satisfactory close. The empire of Brazil has not been altogether ex empt from those convulsions which so constantly af flict the neighbouring Republics. Disturbances which recently broke out are, however, now understood to be quieted. But these occurrences, by threatening the stability of the Governments, or by causing in cessant and violent changes in them, or in the per ons who administer them, tend greatly to retard pro visions for a just indemnity for losses and injuries suf fered by individual subjects or citizens of other States. The Government of the United States will feel it to be its duty, however, to consent to no delay, not un avoidable, in making satisfaction for wrongs and in juries sustained by its own citizens. Many years having, in some cases, elapsed, a decisive and effec tual course of proceeding will be demanded of the re spective Governments against whom claims have been preferred. The vexatious, harassing, and expensive war which so long prevailed with the Indian tribes inhabiting the peninsula of Florida, has happily been terminated; whereby our army has been relieved of a service of the most disagreeable character, and the Treasury from a large expenditure. Some.casual outbreaks may occur, such as are incidental to the close proximity of border settlers and the Indians • but these in all other cases, may be left to the care of the local authorities, aided, when occasion may require, by the forces of the United States. A sufficient number of troops will be maintained in Florida, so long as the remotest apprehensions of danger shall exist, yet their duties shall be limited rather to the garri soning of the necessary posts, than to the maintenance of active hostilities. It is to be hoped that a territory so long retarded in its growth, will now speedily re cover from the evils incident to a protracted war, -exhibiting, in the increased amount of its rich pro ductions, true evidences of returning wealth and prosperity. By the practice of rigid justice towards the numerous Indian tribes residing within our terri torial limits, and the exercise of a parental vigilance over their interests, protecting them against fraud and intrusion, and at the same time using every proper expedient to introduce among them the arts of civi lised life, we may fondly hope not only to wean them from their love of war, but to inspire them with a love for peace and all its avocations. With several of the tribes great progress in civilising them has already been made. The schoolmaster and the missionary are found side by side, and the remnants of what were once numerous and powerful nations may yet be preserved as the builders up of a new name for themselves and their posterity. The balance in the Treasury on the Ist of January 1842 (exclusive of the amount deposited with the States, Trnst Funds, and Indemnities), was 230,483d01. 68 c . Th e rece ipt s into the Treasury during the three quarters of the present year, from all sources, amount to 16,616,593 dollars 78c. ' • of which more than fo ur t een m illi ons w ere received from cus toms and about one million from the public lands. The receipts for the fourth quarter are estimated at nearly eight millions; of which four millions are ex pected from Customs, and three millions and a half from Loans and Treasury notes. The expenditures THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY . EVENING, DECEMBER 26, 1842. of the' first_ three_ quarters Of the present year - exceed % twenty-six millions; and those estimated 'for the fourth quarter amount to about eight millions ; and it is anticipated there will be a deficiency of half a mil lion on the Ist of January next—but that the amount of outstanding warrants (estimated at. 800,000 dollars) will leave an actual balance of about 225,000 dollars in the. Treasury, Among the expenditures of the year are more than eight millions for the public debt, and 600,000 dollars on account of the distribution to the States of the proceeds of the public lands. The present tariff of duties was somewhat hastily and hurriedly passed near the close of the late session of Congress. That it should have defects ean, therefore, be surprising to no one. To remedy such defects as may be found to exist in many of its nu merous provisions, will not fail to claim your serious attention. It may well merit inquiry, whether the exaction of all duties in cash does not call for the In troduction of a system which has proved highly bene ficial in countries where it has been adopted. I. refer to the warehousing system. The first and most prominent effect which it would produce would be to protect the market alike against redundant or defficient supplies of foreign fabrics—both of which, in the long run are injurious as well to the manufac turer as the importer. The quantity of goods in store being at all times readily known, it would' enable the importer, with an approach to accuracy, to ascertain the actual wants of the market, and to regulate him self accordingly. If, however, he should fall into error, by importing an excess above the public wants, he could readily correct its evils by availing himself of the benefits and advantages of the system thus es tablished. In the storehouse the goods imported would await the demands of the market, and their issues would be governed by the fixed principle of demand and supply. Thus an approximation would be made to a steadiness and uniformity of price, which, if attainable, would conduce to the decided advantage of mercantile and mechanical operations. The apprehension may be well entertained that without something to ameliorate the rigour of cash payments, the entire import trade may fall into' the hands of a few wealthy capitalists in this country, and in Europe. The small importer, who requires all the money he can raise for investments abroad, and who. can but ill afford to pay the lowest duty, would have to subduct in advance a portion of his ffinde in order to pay the duties, and would lose the interest upon the amount thus paid for all the time the goods might remain unsold, which might absorb his profits. The rich capitalist abroad, as well as at home, would thus possess, after a short time, an almost exclusive mo nopoly of the import trade, and lawS designed for the benefit of all, would thus operate for the benefit of the few—a result wholly uncongenial with the spirit of our institutions, and anti-republican in all its tendencies. The warehousing system would enable the importer to watch_the market, and to select his own time for offering his goods for sale. A profitable portion of the carrying trade in articles entered for the benefit of drawback must also be most seriously affected, without the adoption of some expedient to relieve the cash system. The warehousing system would afford that relief, since the carrier would have a safe recourse to the public storehouses, and might, without advancing the duty, reship within some. reasonable period to foreign ports. A further effect of the measure would be to supersede the system of drawbacks, thereby effectually protecting the Go vernment against fraud, as the right of debenture would not attach to goods after their withdrawal from the public stores. In revisingthe existing tariff of duties, should you deem it proper to do so at your present session, I can only repeat the suggestions and recommendations which, upon several occasions, I have heretofore felt it to be my duty to offer to Congress. The great, primary, and controlling interest of the American people is union—union not only in the mere forms of Government, forms which may be broken—but union founded in an attachment of States and individuals for each other. This union in sentiment and feeling can only be preserved by the adoption of that course of policy which, neither giving exclusive benefits to some, nor imposing unnecessary burdens upon others, shall consult the interests of all by pursuing a course of moderation, thereby seeking to harmonize public opinion, and causing the people everywhere to feel and to know that the Government is careful of the interests of all alike. Nor is there any subject in regard to which moderation, connected with a wise discrimination, is more necessary than in the imposi tion of duties on imports. Whetbersxeference be had to revenue, the primary object in the imposition of taxes, or to the incidents which necessarily flow, f rom their imposition, this is entirely. true. Extr avagan t duties defeat their end and, object, not only by ex citing in the public mind an hostility to the manu facturing interests, but by indnang a system smuggling on an extensive scale, and 'the practice of every manner of fraud upon the revenue, which.the utmost vigilance of Government manot-aetually sup press. An opposite course of policy would be atte . n4e4by. results essentially differ en t, of wfah"iivery interest of society, and none more than 'those of the manu facturer, would reap important advantages. Among the most striking of its benefits would bethat derived from the general acquiescence of the country in its support, and the consequent permanency and stability which would be given to all the-operationa of industry. It cannot be too often repeated, that no system a iv gislation can be wise which i s fluctuating and uncer tain. No interest can thrive under it. The prudent capitalist will never adventure his capital in manufac turing establishments, or in any other leading pursuit of life, if there exist a state of uncertainty as to whether the Government will repeal to-morrow what it has enacted to-day. Fitful profits, howeveriiigh,, if threatened with a ruinous deduction by a vacil lating policy on the part of. Government, will scarcely tempt him to trust the money which he has acqui `red by a life of labour upon the uncertain adventure. I, • therefore, in the spirit of conciliation, and influenced by no other desire than to rescue the great interests of the country from the vortex of political contention, and in the discharge of the high and solemn duties of the place which I now occupy, recommend moderate duties imposed with a wise discrimination as to their several objects, as being not only most likely to' be durable, but most advantageous to every interest of society. The report of the Secretary of the War Departs ment exhibits a very full and satisfactory account of the various and important interests committed to the charge of that officer. It is particularly gratifying to find that the expenditures for the military service are greatly reduced in amount--that a strict system of economy has been introduced into the service, and the abuses of past years greatly reformed. The fortifications on our maritime frontier have been prosecuted with much vigour, and at many points our defences are in a very considerable state of forwardness. The sug gestions in reference to the establishment of means of communication with our territories on the Facile, and to the surveys so essential to a knowledge of the resources of the intermediate country, are entitled to the most favourable consideration. While I would propose nothing inconsistent with friendly negotia tions to settle the extent of our claims in that region, yet a prudent forecast points out the necessity of such measures as may enable us to maintain our rights. The arrangements made for preserving our neutral relations on the boundary between us and Texas, and keeping in check the. Indians in that quarter, will be maintained so long as circumstances m ay require. For several years angry contentions have grown out of the disposition directed by law to be made of the mineral lands held by the G overn ment in several of the States. The Government is constituted the landlord, and the citizens of the States wherein lie the lands are its tenants. The relation is an unwise'one, and it would be much more conduciVe of the public interest that a sale of the lands should be made, than that they should remain in their present condition. The supply of the ore would be more abundantly and certainly furnished when to be drawn from the enter prise and the industry of the proprietor, than unddi the present system. The recommendation of the Secretary in regard to the improvements in the western waters and certain di doubt not p w r i o ll m re in c e e n h t ,e h , m;b ,o p ur urs s o e n rio th u e s la a k t e te s i , it m io e n r . it, a n The great im portance of these subjects to the prosperity :of the extensive region referred to, and the security of the cannot escape ob servation. The losses of life and Property which annually occur in the neighbourhood of whole country in the time of war, the Missis sippi alone, because of the dangerous obstructions in the river, of efficient inakealoumdedasemuraensdfourptohner;ngress you Theacgruewill bring report d ef witbranch of the pub lier:mtaporyrtoafnttheliavy defences. Gessidering the already vast and daily increasing commerce of the country, apart froni exposure to hostile inroad of an extended seaboard, all theh thatee that relates to the navy is calculated to excite peculiar attention. Whatever tends to add to its efficiency,' without entailing unnecessary charges 11 -pon the Trea sury, is well worthy your serious consideration: It will be seen that while an appropriation exceeding by less than a million the appropriations, of the present year, is asked by the Secretary, yet that in this sum is proposed to be included 400,000 dollars for the pur chase of clothing, which, when once exp en d e d , will be annually reimbursed by the sale of the clothes, and will thus constitute a perpetual fund, without any, new appropriation to the same object. T o this may also be added 50,000 dollars, asked to Cover the aver ages of past years, and 260,000 dollars, in order to maintain a competent squadron on the coast of Africa; all of which, when deducted, will reduce the expendi tures to nearly within the limits of thos e o f t h e cur rent year. While, however, the expenditures will thus remain very nearly the same as of the antecedent year, it is proprosed to add greatly to the operations of the Marine, and in lieu of 0n1y25 ships in commis sion, and but little in the way of building, to keep, with the same expenditure, 41 vessels afloat, and to build 'twelve ships of a small elm. A.'strict'system of accountability is established, and great pains are taken to insure industry, fidelity, and economy, in every department of duty. Experiments have been instituted to test the quality of various materials, particularly copper, iron, and coal, so as to prevent fraud and imposition. It will appear by the report of the -Postmaster- General that the great point which, for several years, has been so much desired, has, during the current year, been fully accomplished ; the expenditure of the department for the current year have been brought within its income without lessening its general usefulness. There has been an increase of revenue equal to 5,166,000 dols. for the year 1842, over that of 1841, without, as it is believed, any addi tion having been made to the number of letters and newspapers transmitted through the mails. The Post-office laws have been honestly administered, and fidelity has been observed in accounting for, and pay ing over by the subordinates of the department, the moneys which have been received. For the details of the service, I refer you to the report. I flatter myself that the exhibition thus made of the condition of the public administration will serve to 'convince you that every proper attention has been paid to the interests of the country by those who have been called to the heads of the different departments. The reduction in the annual expenditures of the Go vernment already accomplished furnishes a sure evi dence that economy in the application of the public moneys is regarded us a paramount duty. At peace with all the world, the personal liberty of the citizen sacredly maintained, and his rights secured under political institutions, deriving all their autho rity, front the direct sanction of the people—with a soil fertile almost beyond example, and a country blessed with every diversity of climate and produc s tion, what remains to be done in order to advance the happiness and prosperity of such a people ? Under ordinary circumstances this inquiry could readily be answered.. The best that probably could be done for a people inhabiting such a country, would be to for tify their peacepA security In the prosecution of their various pus:auip, by guarding them against invasion from - vvitlibut arid violence from within. The rest, for the greater part,inight be left to their own energy and enterprise. The chief embarrassments which at the moment exhibit themselves have arisen from over ' action ; and the most difficult task which remains to be accomplished is that of correcting and overcoming its effects. Between the years 1833 and 1838, additions were made to bank capital and bank issues, in the form of notes designed for circulation, to an extent enormously great. The question seemed to be, not how the best currency could be provided, but in what manner the greatest amount of bank paper could be - put in circulation. Thus a vast amount of what was called money—since, for the time being, it answered the purposes'of money—was thrown upon .the coun try ; an over issue which was attended, as a necessary consequence, by an extravagant increase of the prices of all articles of property, the spread of a speculative mania all over the country, and has finally ended in a general indebtedness on the part of States and indi viduals, the prostration of public and private credit, a depreciation in the market value of real and personal estate, and has left large districts of country almost entirely without any circulating medium. In view of the fact that, in 1830, the whole bank-note circula tion within the United States amounted to but 61,323,898 dols., according to the Treasury state ments, and that an addition had been made thereto of the enormous sum of , 88,000,000 dols. in seven years (the circulation on the Ist of January, 1837, being- stated at 149,185,890 dols.), aided by the great facilities afforded in obtain ,ing loans from European capitalists, who were seized with the same speculative mania which prevailed in the United States--and.the large importation of funds from abroad, the result of stock sales and loans—no one can be surprised at the apparent, but unsubstan tial state of prosperity which everywhere prevailed over the land ; and while little cause of surprise should be felt at the present prostration of everything, and the ruin which has befallen so many of our fel low-citizens in the sudden withdrawal from circula tion of so large an amount of bank issues, since 1837 —exceeding, as is .believed, the amount added to the paper currency for a similar period antecedent to 1837, it ceases to be a matter of astonishment that such extensive shipwreck should have been made of private fortunes, or- that difficulties should exist in meeting their' engagements on the part of the debtor States. Apart : from which, if there be taken into ac count the immense losses sustained in the dishonour of. numerous banks, it is less a - matter of surprise that in solvency should` - have visited many of our fellow citizens, than that so many should have escaped the blighting inliileures of the times. In thcsolemainenviction of these truths, and with an ardent desire, to -meet the pressing necessities of the country, I, felt. it, to be my duty-to cause to be submitted to,you, iit,4pornmenceine.nt of your late session, the plan Of an . Exchequer,, the whole power and duty of iiiaintainrig which, in purify and vigour, was to be ex6icised by the representatives of the people and the States,' and, therefore, virtually by the people themselves. It was proposed to place it under the controlSna direction of a Treasury board, to con sist of three Commissioners,: whose duty . it should' be to see that the law of its creation was faithfully executed, and that the great end of supplying a proper medium of exchange, at all times convertible into gold and silver; should - be attained. The board' thus constituted was 'given as much permanency as could be imparted to it, without endangering the- proper share of responsibility which should attach to all public agents. In order to insure all the advantages of a well-matured experience, the Commissioners were to hold' their offices for the respective periods of two, . four, and six years, thereby securing at all times in the management of the Exchequer, the service of two men of experience ; and to place them in a condition to exercise perfect independence of mind and action, `it was provided that their removal should only take place for actual incapacity , or infidelity to the trust, and to be 'followed by the President with an exposi tion of the causes of such removal, should it occur. It was proposed to establish subordinate boards in each of the States, under the same restrictions and limitations of the power of removal, which, with the central board, should receive, safely keep, and dis burse the public moneys; and in order to furnish a sound paper medium of exchange, the Exchequer should 'retain of the revenues of the Government a sum not to exceed 5,000,000 dollars in specie, to be set apart as required by its operations, and to pay the public creditor at his own option, either in specie or Treasury notes, of denominations not less than five, nor exceeding one hundred dollars, which notes should be redeemed at the several places of issue, and to be receivable at all times and everywhere in payment of Government dues ; with a restraint upon such issue of bills that the same should not exceed the maximum of 150,000 dollars. In order to guard against all the hazards incident to fluctuations in trade, the Secretary of the Treasury was invested with authority to issue 5,000,000 dollars of Government Stock, should the same at any time be regarded as necessary, in order to place beyond hazard the prompt redemption of the hills which might be thrown into cir culation. Thus, in fact, making the issue of 15,000,000 dollars of Exchequer Bills rest substanti ally on 10,00,000 dollars ; and keeping in circulation never more than one and one-half dollars for every dollar in specie. 'When to this it is added that the bills are not only everywhere receivable in Govern ment dues, but that the Government itself would be bound for their ultimate redemption, no rational doubt can exist that the paper which the Exchequer would furnish, would readily enter into general circulation, and be maintained at all times at or above par with gold and silver • thereby realising the great want of the age, and fulfilling the wishes of the people. In order to reimburse the. Government the expenses of the plan, it was proposed to invest the Exchequer with the limited authority to deal in bills of exchange, unless prohibited by the State in which an agency might be situated, having only thirty days to run, and resting on a fair and bona fide basis. The Legisla tive will on this point might be so plainly announced as to avoid all pretext for partiality or favouritism. It was furthermore proposed to invest this Trea sury agent with authority to receive on deposit, to a limited amount, the specie funds of individuals, and to grant certificates, therefore, to be redeemed on presentation, under the idea which is believed to be well-founded, that such certificates would come in aid of Exchequer-bills in supplying a safe and ample paper circulation. Or, if in place of the contempla ted dealings in exchange, the Exchequer should be autho rised not only to exchange its bills for actual deposits of specie, but for specie or its equivalent to sell drafts, charging therefore a small but reasonable premium, I cannot doubt but-that the benefits of the law would be speedily manifested in the revival of the credit, trade, and business of the whole country. Entertaining this opinion, it becomes my duty to urge its adoption upon Congress, by reference to the strongest considerations of the public interests, with such alteration in its de- .tails as Congress may in its wisdom see fit to make. I am well aware that this proposed alteration and amendment of the laws establiihing the Treasury department has encountered various objections, and that among others it has been proclaimed a Government bank of fearful and dangerous import. It is proposed to confer upon it no extraordinary powers. It purports to do more than pay the debts of the Government with the redeemable paper of the Go vernment—in which respect it accomplishes precisely what the Treasury does daily at this time, in issuing to the public creditors the Treasury notes which, under law, it is authorised to issue. It has no re semblance to an ordinary bank, as it furnishes no prOfits to private stockholders, and lends no capital to individuals. If it be objected to as a Government bank, and the objection be available—then should all the laws, in relation to the Treasury be repealed, and' the capacity of the Government to collect what is due to it, or pay what it owes, be abrogated. This is the chief purpose of the propos e d Exche quer; and surely if, in the accomplishment of a pur pose so essential, it affords a sound circulating medium to the country and facilities to trade, it should be regarded as no slight recommendation of it to public consideration. Properly guarded by the pro visions of law, it can run into no dangerous evil, nor can any abuse arise under it but such as the Legisla ture itself will be answerable for, if it be tolerated ; since it is but the creature of the law, and is suscep tible at all times of modification, amendment, or re peal at the pleasure of Congress. I know that it has been objected that the system would be liable to be abused by the Legislature, by whom alone it could be abused, in the party conflicts of the day ; that such abuse would manifest itself in a change of the law which would authorise an excessive issue of paper for the purpose of inflating prices and winning popu lar favour. To that it may be answered, that the ascription of such a motive to Congress is altogether gratuitous and inadmissible. The theory of our in stitutions would lead us to a different conclusion. But a perfect security against a proceeding so reek less, would be found to exist in the very nature of things. The political party which should be so blind to the true interests of the country, as to resort to such an expedient, would inevitably meet with final overthrow in the fact that, the moment " the paper ceased to be convertible into specie, or otherwise promptly redeemed, it would become worthless, and would, in the end, dislonour the Government, involve the people in ruin, and such political party in hope less disgra ce . Al the same time, such a view in volves the utter impossibility of furnishing any cur rency other than that of the precious metals, for, if the Crovernment itself cannot forego the temptation of excessive paper issues, what reliance can be placed in corporations upon whom the temptations of indi vidual aggrandisement would most strongly operate? The people would have to blame none but themselves for any injury that might arise from a course so reck less, since their agents would be the wrong-doers, and they the passive spectators. There can be but three kinds of public currency. Ist, gold and silver; 2d, the paper of State institu tions.; -or 3d, a representative of the precious metals, provided by the general Government, or under its authority. The Sub-Treasury system rejected, the last in any form; and, as it was believed that no re liance could be placed on the issues of local institu tions, for the purposes of general circulation, it ne cessarily and unavoidably adopted specie as the ex clusive currency for its own use. And .this•must ever be the case unless one of the other kinds be used. The choice, in the present state of public sentiment, lies between an exclusive specie currency on the one hand, and Government issues of some kind on the other. That these issues cannot be made by a char tered institution, is supposed to be conclusively set tled. They must be made, then, directly by Govern ment agents. For several years they have been thus made in the form of Treasury notes, 'and have an. swered a valuable purpose. Their usefulness has been limited by their being transient and temporary . ; their ceasing to bear interest at given periods neces sarily causes their speedy return, and thus restricts their range of circulation ; and being used only in the disbursements of Government, they cannot reach those points where they are most required. By rendering their use permanent, to the moderate extent already mentioned, by offering no inducement for their re • turn, and by exchanging them for coin and other va lues, they will constitute, to a certain extent, the general currency so much needed to maintain the internal trade of the' country. And this is the ea. chequer plan, so far as it may operate in furnishing a currency. I cannot forego the occasion to urge its importance. to the credit of the Government in a financial point of view. The great necessity of resorting to every proper and becoming expedient in order to place the Treasury on a footing of the highest respectability, is entirely obvious. The credit of the Government mar be regarded as the very soul of the Govern ment itself—a principle of vitality without which all its movements are languid and all its, operations em barrassed. In this spirit, the Executive . felt itself bound by the most imperative sense of duty to sub mit to Congress, at its last session the propriety of making a specific pledge of the land fund, and as the basis for the negotiation of the loans authorised to be contracted. I then thought that such an application of the public domain would, without doubt, have placed at the command of the Go vernment ample funds to relieve the Treasury from the temporary embarrassments under which it laboured. American credit has suffered a con siderable shock in Europe, from the large indebted ness of the: States and the temporary inability of some of them to meet the interest on their debts. The utter and disastrous prostration of the United State Bank of Pennsylvania had,contributed largely to in crease the sentiment of distrust by reason of the loss and ruin sustained by the holders of its stock, a large portion of whom were foreigners, and many of whom were alike ignorant of our political organization, and of our actual responsibilities. It was the anxious de sire of the Executive that in the effort to negotiate the loan abroad, the American negotiator might he able to point the money lender to the fund - mortgaged ibr the redemption of the principal and interest of any loan he might contract, and thereby vindicate the Government from all suspicion of bad faith or inabi lity to meet its engagements. Congress differed from the Executive in this view of the subject. It be came, nevertheless, the duty of the Executive to re sort to every expedient in its power to negotiate the authorised loan. After a failure to do so in the • American market, a citizen of high character and talent was sent to Europe with no better success ; and thus the mortifying spectacle has been pre sented of the inability of this Government to obtain a loan so small as not in the whole to amount to more than one-fourth of its ordi nary annual income ; at a time when the Govern ments of Europe, although involved in debt, and with subjects heavily burdened with taxation, readily ob tains loans to any amount at a greatly reduced rate of interest. It would be unprofitable to look further into this anomalous state of things, but I cannot con clude without adding, that for a Government which has paid off its debts of two wars with the largest maritime Power of Europe, and now owing a debt which is almost next to nothing when compared with its boundless resources—a Government the strongest in the world, because emanating from the popular will, and firmly rooted in the affections of a great and free people, and whose fidelity to its engagements has never been questioned •, for such a Government to have tendered to the capitalists of other countries an op portunity for a small investment of its stock, and yet to have failed, implies either the most unfounded dis trust in its good faith, or a purpose, to obtain which, the course pursued is the most fatal which could have been adopted. It has now become obvious to all men that the Go vernment must look to its own means for supplying its wants, and it is consoling to know that these means are altogether adequate for the object. The Exche quer, if adopted, will greatly aid in bringing about this result. Upon what I regard as a well-founded supposition that its bills would be readily sought for by the public creditors, and that the issue would, in a short time, reach the maximum of 15,000,000 dol lars, it is obvious that 10,000,000 dollars would thereby be added to the available means of the Trea sury without cost or charge. Nor can I fail to urge the great and beneficial effects which would be pro duced in aid of all the active pursuits of life. Its ef fects upon the solvent State banks, while it would force into liquidation those of an opposite character through its weekly settlements, would be" highly be neficial ; and with the advantages of asound currency, the restoration of confidence and credit WOuld follow, with a numerous train of blessings.. My convictions are most strong th a t th ese benefits would flow from • the adoption of this measure; but if the result should be adverse, there is this security in connection with it, that the law c be repealed at the plea surereating it may of the Legislature, without the slightest implica tion of its g ood faith. I recommend to Congress to take into cotaideration the pro priety_ of reimbursing a fine imposed on Gen. Jackson at New °limns, at the time of the attack and defence of the city, and paid by him. Without designing any reflection on the judicial tribunal which imposed the fine, the remission at this day may be re garded as not unjust or inexpedient. The voice of the civil authority was heard amidst the glitter of arms, and obeyed by those who held the sword, thereby giving additional lustre to a memorable military achievement. If the laws were offended, their majesty was fully vindicated; and although the penalty incurred and paid is worthy of little regard in a pecuniary point of view, it can hardly be doubted that it would be gratifying to the war-worn veteran, now in re tirement and in the winter of his days, to be relieved from the circumstances in which that judgment placed him. There are cases in which public func tionaries may be called on to weigh the public interest against their own personal hazards, and if the civil law be violated from praiseworthy motives, or an overruling sense of public danger and public necessity, punishment may well be restrained within that limit which asserts and maintains the authority of the law, and the subjection of the military to the civil power. The defence of New Orleans, while it saved the city from the hands of an enemy, placed the name of General Jackson among those of the greatest cap tains of the age, and illustrated one of the brightest pages of our history. Now that the causes of excite ment existing at the time have ceased to operate, it is believed that the remission of this fine, and what ever of gratification that remission might cause the eminent man who incurred and paid it, would be in accordance with the general feelings and wishes of the American people. I have thus, fellow-citizens, acquitted myself of my duty under the Constitution, by laying before you, as succinctly as I have been a bl e , t h e state o f the Union, and by inviting your attention to measures of much importance to the country. The Executive will most zealously unite its efforts with those of the Legisla tive department in the accomplishment of all that is required to relieve the wants of a common constitu ency, or elevate the destiny of a beloved country. Washington, Dec. 1842. JOHN TYLER. The following is the commercial report from the Courier and Enquirer : A better feeling was manifested at the Stock Ex change this morninlF ; the sales were large, at a general improvement in .prices. States Sevens advanced +, Ohio Sixes it, Illinois i t , Indisna f, Bank of Com merce Mohawk Railroad f, Harlem Railroad and Utica Railroad i per cent. Southern exchanges were in fair demand, but bills were unusually scarce. A moderate business • was done. At the opening of the market foreign exchange was flat—a reaction, however, took place, when an active business was one, closing firm at 1061 to 1064 on London, and 5 45 to 5 42i on France. Sufficient time has not elapsed since the receipt of the European news per Columbia, to note its effect upon our markets. - Cotton remains as before. Several sales have been closed at the prices offered yesterday. i The weather havi ng agan assumed a milder aspect, Flour has been in but little demand. A few parcels of Ohio and Genesee were taken for the eastern markeft and city trade, at 4 dolls. 94c. to 5 dolls. Michigan is held at 4 dolls. 84c. to 4 dolls. 87fc., with small sales; Troy, 4 dolls. 93fc. to 5 dolls.; Pennsylvania, 4 dolls. 75c. to 4 dolls. 87fc.-200 barrels sold at 4 dolls. 75c.; Georgetown, 4 dolls. 873 c.; Baltimore Howard-streek 4 dolls. 87ic. to 5 dolls.; ditto City Mills, 4 dolls. 75c. ' • Alexandria, 4 dolls. 62i e . to 4 dolls. 75c.; Petersburgh, 4 dolls. 68/c. to '4 dons. 75c. Rye Flour, 3 dolls. 12}c. to 3 dolls. 37ic.; a n d Corn Meal, 2 dolls. 56-ic. to 2 dolls. 75c. Ashes are dull at 5 dolls. 37ic. for Pots, and 6 dulls. for Pearls. (From the Courier and Enquirer.) NEW ORLEANS, Nov. 24, 1842.—The United States' war steam-ship Missouri touched at the Be lize on the 22d inst., last from Vera Cruz. Mr. P. A. Southall, bearer of dispatches from our Minister at Mexico, came by this opportunity, and proceeds this morning to Washington. The nature of the intelligence which he conveys, as a matter of course, has not transpired, but from the tenor of letters re ceived from Mexico, I am inclined to believe that the two Governments will come to an amicable ar- 41 , rangement in relation to the disputed points at issue. The Missouri brought 14,000 dols. in specie, and I , learn that the United States sloop of war Falmouth was to leave Vera Cruz towards the end of the month with about 300,000 dols. for this city. This morning's Picayune contains some further items of news, to . which I would call your attention. In commercial matters some changes have occurred since I last addressed you ; the cotton market within the last few days has been very inactive, and prices of middling qualities have given way *c. to 4c. The sales yesterday reached. 1,800 bales. I quote midd lings 51c. to 6c. • middling fair, 61c. to 6; 4 1 c. There is a good demand for Sugar, but it is more of a speculative nature, very little having changed hands for shipment. I quote 3c. to sc. as the extreme of the market. In flour there is scarcely anything doing ; the receipts continue small, and prices are in consequence sustained at 3 dols. 75c. for superfine; choice bakers' brands 3 dols. 87ic. The sales are merely in retail. Exchange has again declined, as I anticipated in my former communications, and sixty day bills on your city were sold yesterday at 3i per cult. discount. Slight checks 1 per cent discount. Sterling' is diffi cult of sale at 2i to 2i per cent. premium. Francs dull at 5 55. The notes of the Union, City, and Com mercial Banks are now redeemed in specie at. their re spective counters, and on the sth proximo they will resume on all their The weather continues very cold; this morning here was a severe hoar frost. Yours, L. The prize fighters were sentenced yesterday in Westchester county, by Judge Ruggles, as follows : —Sullivan, two years at hard labour in the State Prison ; M Cleester, eight months in the County Jail, and to pay a fine of 500 dollars; and Kensett, four months in the County Jail, and to pay a fine of 200 BANK PAILIIIIE.—The Macon (Geo.) Messenger of the 25th of November announces the failure of the Ocmulgee Bank, at that place. A letter from Macon speaking of the event, says, " This will no doubt prove a bad failure, and the public will have to pocket the loss of about 100,000 dollars." LATER FR.0115 .MEXIC O. The United States `steam-frigate - Missouri, Captain Newton, Arrived at.Balize on Monday night last, and after landing several passengers, proceeded to Pensa cola: — The ABssouri left Vera Cruz on the 14th inst., experiencing very.heiiir weathei and a severe gale on her passage, but Tode•olt out in admirable style, and has proved herself an exeel/Rated-vessel. Among the passengers WlWlanded at the Balize, .are 4rantz Mayer," ESti., States Secretary of LegatiOn at Mexico • P. A` Esq., bearer of dispatches from General Thompiawto WeNhington. By the Missouri also came passengers, six of the Santa Fe prisoners. The- sloop-of-war Falmouth, Capt. Mackintosh, is now the only United :States Government vessel at Vera Cruz. •She was- expected to leave shortly for - New ,Orleans, with 250,000 dols. in specie. We have not been able to learn the character of the dispatches brought by Mr. Southall, says the New; • Orleans Picayune, but from private letters based upon the reports which were in circulation in Mexico upon good authority, prior to the departure of the ; Missouri, we have reason to believe that all our pend ing difficulties in relation to claims of American citi zens will be most satisfactorily arranged upon terms compatible with the honour and interest of our court try ; and the Philadelphia Gazette states that a private letter of the Bth of Nov., from Mexico, to a gentleman of that city, interested in the claims against Mexico, states that a treaty had just been concluded between the Mexican Government and our Minister, General Waddy Thompson, for the payment of the awards made by the late Convention at Washington. The payments to be made in instalments of one-twentieth every three months, and the proceeds of the Mexican Custom-house, and of some of the taxes, are pledged to the American Government for the fulfilment of the treaty. General Santa Anna, as we had already learned, had retired from the capital to his estate in Manga de Clavo, leaving in his stead General -Bravo, as pro visional President of the Republic. It was under derstood that Santa Anna took this step in conse quence of failing health, and designed soon to return to the capital. Those who saw him shortly before his departure state that he never looked better. The flower of the army had been either sent to Yucatan, or to such points in the department of Vera Cruz as would enable General Santa Anna to avail himself of the power of well-trained troops if the occasion re quired. On the arrival o f th e news at t h e c i ty o f M ex i c o of the taking of S an A n t on i o , and the capture of Van Ness, Fitz gera ld, an d o th ers belonging to the Santa Fe expedition, it is said that an order was sent on to shoot all such re-captured prisoners on the spot. Through the interference of General T ornel, however, this order was countermanded, and Van Ness, Fitz gerald, and such others as were known to have been in the expedition above-mentioned, have had their sentence commuted to ten years imprisonment in the. Castle of Perote, one of the coldest and most disagree able places in the country. There was no authentic news at the time of the Missouri's departure from Vera Cruz, from Yucatan. The report that the Mexicans had been defeated some time before was positively contradicted. The opinion of one of the most inri a lligent corre spondents of the Picayune, in relation to Yucatan affairs is, that Campeachy would surrender without firing a gun. Another gentleman who is well versed in Mexican affairs, is strongly of the opinio n th a t there will be a battle, and that it will result in the entire defeat of Santa Anna's forces. The Mexican troops commenced their march from Seba Playa wards Campeachy on the 6th inst. The next arrival will probably give us the whole story. Up to the 12th, Captain Charlewood, of the iron steamer Guadeloupe, had not arrived at Vera Cruz, and was consequently ignorant of his recal by his Government. Report says that the Mexican Govern ment is about to make him an offer of 7,0001. to in duce him to throw up his commission in the British navy, but it is said he will not accede to anything of the kind. George S. Curson, Esq., bearer of dispatches to General Thompson, was met at Perote on the evening of the 10th inst., on his way to the city of Mexico in the mail stage. The English brig-of-war Ringdove has been re. mauling some time at Vera Cruz, waiting for money to take home. The English Government has a vault in the Custom-house at Vera Cruz, and takes one sixth of all the customs collected. Whenever an amount su ffi cient to ship is collected, a vessel is seat home with it. GOVENT-GARDEN THEATRE. — This house opens to. night, under the auspices of Mr. Bunn, who has already shown symptoms of a vigorous management. The retirement of Miss Kemble, and the powerful rivalry of Drury Lane, will render his most untiring exertions necessary, if he hope to succeed. Besides the Christmas pantomime, the opera of Artaxerxes is announced tor to• morrow, and several novelties aro said to be in preparation. A friend to Astro-Meteorology states his opinion " that this winter will not only be much more severe than any we have had of late years, but that ale cold weather will commence soon after the new 'moon, if not before. The Y e ar w ill pass ou t w" i th sharp weather, whilst from th e I st to t h e 11th .of January we are likely to experience the lowest temperature for the next year. About the 3d and 7th days will be extremely rigorous, with much snow and probabl wind."—llampshire Advertiser.