The Sun. — London, England, 1861-10-28 00:00:00

I 0 YAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT GARDEN. Under the management of Miss Louisa Fyne and lair. Wm. Harrison, Sole Lessees. THIS EVENING, THE MARRIAGE OF GEORGETTE Miss Thirlwall and Mr. A. Co, ri. After which, at Eight o'ciock, RIIY BLAS. Miss Louisa ?fne, Mesdames Susan Pyne, Thirlwall, Jessi- M•Lean ; Messrs. Santley, A. St. Athyu, Patey, and W. Harrison. Conductor, Mr. ALFRED MELLON. Commence at Seven o'clock. The Box-office open from Ten to Five daily. No charge for booking, or fees to Box -keepers. Stay-Manager, Mr. Leigh Murray. Acting- Manager, Mr. Edward Murray. rtsIEATB. ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lome, Mr. J. B. Buctstono. TS KVEN ENG. the nerformances will commence with RICHARD THE THIRD. Richard, Mr. Edwin Booth ; Elizabeth, Mrs. C. Yount. Atter which, FITZSMYTHE OF FITZSMYTHE HALL. Mr. Biickstone and Mrs. Wilkins. To conclude with FISH OUT OF WATER Mr. Compton. Commence a 7. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. Manager—Mr. Edmund Falconer. THIS EVENING, MY AUNT'S HUSBAND. Aife , which, at Eight o'clock, the new and success ful 'omedy of WOMAN ; or, Love against the World. Characters by Messrs. Walter Lacy, Addison, Herman Veztn, Bruton, Mrs. Bowers, Miss Murray, and Miss Lydia Thomp son. 1'..) conclude with AN UNPROTECTED FEMALE, in which Miss Lydia Thompson will danee a New Volunteer Quick Step. Prices as usual. Doors open at half-past 5, to commence at 7 Box-office open daily from It till 5. 1, , 0Y A P RINCESS'S THEATRE.-- U Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Harris. THIS EVENING. JEANETTE'S WEDDING. 3fism Harris and Mr. H. Viriddicomb. After which, at Eight o'clock. Shakespeare's tragedy o f OTHELLO, with new scenery, dresses, and appointments. Othello, Mr Fechter. N' THEATRE-R0 VAL, ADELPHI . - Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. Open for the Winter Season. virs EVENING, MUSIC HATFI CHARMS. Messrs. D. Wisher, Romer, Warde, Misses K. Kelly and Laidlaw. Atter which (262 d time), THE COLLEEN BAWN. Mr. D. 3oucicault, D. Fisher, Billington, S. Emery. Stephenson, IJ ,1. Smith, Romer, Howard, Ward ; Mrs. Boueicault, Miss w,oigar, Mrs. Billington. and Mrs. H. Lewis. 'roconclude with LOVE AND HUNGER. Messrs. Fisher, Emery, C. J. Smith, Mrs. IT. Marston, and Miss K. Kelly. Doors onen at half-past 6—Commence at 7. INTERBURY HALL AND FINE ARTS GALLERY.C9 CONCERTS, Dir. SAM COWELL'S New Song*, "THE HOUSE THAT JACK BUILT," on Wednesday, Oct. 30. Also, Grand Selections from STRADELLA, LA ricAVIATA, and DINORAH By Miss Russell, Miss Ernst, Mr. Herbert, and Signor Tivoli, with a powerful Chorus. Solos on the Cornet-a-piston by the renowned performer Mr. LEVY. The Comic department comprises Mr. Sam Cowell, Mr. Marshall, Messrs. Harvey and French, and Miss Harriet Coveney. Musical Director, Mr. Jonghmans. Admission -Flail, gd.; Stalls and Balcony, ls. T HE 0 X F O R D, 6, OXFORD-STREET. EVERY EVENING. New Comic` Opera, " LA CIRCASSIENNE," and Verdi's new Grand opera, " Simon BoccancoTa," by the entire Company. gaffe's new ball ds by Miss Russell and Madame E derseohn (composed expressly for them). Mr. Levy's Solos on the Cornet-a-piston, and varied ; Comic Entertain ments by Miss Harriet Coveney, Messrs. W. Randal:, Harvey and French (The Nerves), FL Marshall, and SAM CO WELL. fid.; Balcony and Stalls, is ; Private Boxes, 10s. (id. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. MIS DAY.—Morning, Bh. 12m.—Afternoon, Bh. Um To-MORROW. -Morning, 9h. 34m.—Afi ernoon, 10h. 14m. THE WEATHER.—SLN OFFICE, OCTOBER 27, 1861. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 56—highest since noon yesterday. 42—lowest this morning and during the night. 55—this day at noon. BAROMETER-30.15 ; falling. WIND—N.-Easterly—fresh ; with fine weather, but cold. OCT. 28. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADB. 55—highest since noon yesterday. 44—lowest Luis morning and during the night. 50—this day at soon. BAROMETER-30.18. WIND—N.-Easterly-L-fresh and cold; with dull weather. The Americans at last have found out that they, too, must begin fortifications. Their ocean and lake coasts, they now perceive, are open to the attacks of any great power which they may pro voke to war. And, truly, it is not their own fault that they have not had war to their heart's content long ago. Behaviour like theirs between any two European nations would almost certainly have been followed by a rupture ; but in considera tion of their overgrown youth, they have been treated as every sensible man of sixty treats a saucy boy of sixteen. He lets him rattle on, and conscious of the respect due to his own position, lets the blustering younker have his way for peace and quiet; while the young sprig, not knowing - what a fool he makes of himself before the world, exults in having beaten a person almost four times his age. Such an illustration is hardly a caricature of the respective diplomatic behaviours of England and America, for the last quarter of a century or more. Mr. SEWARD, a man not without ability, but of far less than we had supposed him to be, with considerable powers of plausible stump oratory, possesses also all the folly of the big American lad. lie is, politically, a man of cunning and clever ness, not of principle; a coward where there is danger in uttering his real opinions, and a brag gart and bully where he knows himself to be safe. lie would not for the world run counter to the sovereign mob, but he knows he may talk with impunity of Canada as an indemnification for the loss of the South, and of the dangers to European Powers, of the wrath of the great Republic, even after it has been cut in halves. We rather surmise, however, that Mr. SEWARD has had some intimation that he may go a little too far, both in his measures and his language. Mr. RUSSELL, who speaks with language of cer tainty, we believe, he would not use without good reasdn for it, tells us that a month or two ago there was real danger of war. And Mr. SEWARD must know that he has given occasion for it, since not only is he intent upon fortifying Against external attack, but would arouse the several States to provide against it, while they are saddled with the heavy cost of the civil war. lie tells the Governors of the loyal states that Foreign Powers are pressed by the south to recognize its independence, and that though the embarrassments from this cause are less serious than they were, still the sea c')asts and lakes ought to be put in a state of defence. W e are pleased to see Mr. SEWARD quaking a little. It is time he should. He has be en the most shamelessly impudent of all in his treatm en t o f fo reign powers, and it is well he should become aware, that even a diplomatic bully may go far enough to incur serious notice. We rather suspect that his loyal governors will not relish the h eavy expense of coast fortifications. When they a re gravely asked to spend money in this way, th ey will be not unlikely to tell Mr. SEWARD that he, a s a statesman, ought not to have saddled them with two wars at once ; or at least with any danger of a 'second. _ _ As our readers know we think it will be decidedly for the general advantage of our Empire And for Manchester too, ultimately, if American cotton should be locked up for two or three years We should have a trying winter this y( 'ar in the North doubtless; but the following wig iter would be a mush better one, and the next it han dawns remuneration for all the suffering. Such, b elieve, would be the result of re s p ec ti ng the A men "mu blockade. At the same time we are aware that itl "h may be said for our right of breaking it. t. come. - - 4, "si , - • ..'119116; 'll t •t_! , g t • r „rift, r , • ; THE SUN. LONDON, MONDAY, OCT. 28, 1861. We might even now demand to apply the principle insisted on by the States themselves at Naples, that a Government cannot blockade its own ports ; an argument they could not object to. If they, to meet this, declared the South belligerents, they would justify us in doing what they made such a clamour about at the time. But then, also, other questions might arise. On that of slavery there is nothing to choose between the North and the South. It stands thus—the Southerns wish to keep their slaves, and the North will not let them run away. The South says,— respect our property in flesh and blood; the North replies,—we so respect it that we suffer defeat rather than declare for emancipation. We are as free, therefore, to side with one party as with the other ; and. what if our rulers choose to say,— Your dream of 34 united States, instead of half that number, may be very fine for you, but we must side with that half of them whose cotton feeds four millions of our subjects ; and if you do not see fit to open their ports we are strong enough to do it, and we will do it ?" Our statesmen might plead the necessity of Lancashire against the am bition of Washington; could the positions be re versed, we are sure Americans would do it, and laugh at us. The Liberals have at last begun to take their share in the Autumn talk of the country. The Maldon Liberal Club responds with its dinner and toasts, to the lead of the Castle Hedingham Tory Club, and gives a very respectable account of itself. This is a kind of quiet, agricultural, county, Whig- Liberal affair ; and drives its liberalism along, pretty briskly, in the orthodox Whig ruts. But the North is also beginning to simmer and bubble. Leeds is to have a Reform demonstration by dele gates from all the towns of reforming tendencies, and Manchester and Birmingham have already be stirred themselves to make the demonstration effec tive. The winter does not promise to keep the long headed operatives of the North very busy; and well do our governors, let which party will, be in power, know, that politics " find some mischief still for idle hands to do." We should not be at all surprised should the Northern political winter be such as to make the Conservative young lords, who have rid den Mr. DISRAELI of late with their Conservative reaction bit, but too thankful that the Whigs are in office. How lucky it will be for the Tories should the Whigs have to face the possible chartism of 1861-2. They profited immensely, be fore, from setting the Whigs on the physical force advocate■ of the five points ; had they been in office they must have done the same, perhaps would have done worse. But most conveniently for them the unfortunate Whigs had to bear the entire odium of resisting that "ugly rush ;" while the Tories cleverly used it to harass the Corn-law Repealers. We observe that some of the Tories speak with singular apprehension of the cotton famine in the North. They have not been wont to sympathise so much with the sufferings of the cotton districts. Whence this new-born sympathy ! Is it that there being no League to set the new Chartists against, the Tories fear that nothing can put them off the scent of their electoral rights? Also, that the operatives, now so much better educated, will use their power in a way not so easy to resist as that of drilling and arming with pikes ? Do the Tories tremble at the thought of seventy millions a year of taxes, when unemployed operatives, by the hundred thousand, are not arming, but firmly and persistently demand ing to know "the reason why ?" It will bode no good to Toryism if working men should generally begin to ask why they were talked out of their rights in the session of 1860, and voted out of them in 1861. However, we come back again to our Maldon friends. The chairman gave as the key-note on domestic matters, that we were all so happy, he wondered what the Tories could be thinking of, to wish to evict from possession a Ministry, beneath whose reign all prospered so exceedingly. The worthy Chairman affected to forget that the prosperity of a country is the greatest grievance of an opposition It is so trying to political patienee to have the right thing from the wrong party. When Libe rals are in power all things ought to go to ruin. We ought to be embroiled abroad, and the Lords, the Crown, and the Church ought to be threatening to tumble about our ears. To be sure the Tories find a way to explain it all to their own credit. The Wednesday Tory triumphs have saved the country. Praise be to Toryism ! Men must still pay Church-rates, however much they hate the Church ; Dissenting teachers may not yet offer their profane prayers, or sing their ribald hymns by the graves of unbaptised corpses to which sur pliced priests refuse Christian burial ; trustees of school trusts must still be Church of England men, though the founders belonged to the Church which deems the Church of England the most heretical of sects ; and, politically, Mr. LocKE KING is scouted from the stage with the suffrage for counties, which Mr. DISRAELI himself proposed, and Mr. BAINES, with that which, when offered by Lord JOHN RUSSELL, Mr. DISRAELI did not vote against. Mr. WESTERN WOOD was there to show in his proper person how London Liberalism would treat even a popular Lori Mayor, who had given up a petty borough to prove that a Conservative Mayor was the fitting successor to the great Whig lord. He appeared at once as a victor and a martyr, and a triumph of attention to Registration. He was a victor, for he had beaten a Lord Mayor. He was a martyr, for he had sacrificed per sonal ease and comfort to the patriotic duty of saving the honour of London Liberalism, and his return had been owing to the Registration Associa tion of the City of London. So efficient had that body been, that for four years the Tories had aban doned altogether the Registration Court. Now, however, they were objecting by wholesale; making, in fact, a spasmodic effort. Register ! Register ! Register ! was, therefore, the advice which the conqueror of the Lord Mayor came to give to Essex Liberals. Mr. C. BUXTON had, what we suppose must be regarded as the toast of the evening —the old one which we certainly never heard of at a Tory dinner —" The Progress of Civil and Religious Liberty all over the World." Mr. BUXTON seemed to start with discouragements, that he might sweep them out of the way. The Australians have not worked their constitutions so well as he could wish. Universal Suffrage did not please him by its doings there. " I confess," he said, " tbut in my eyes there is some discouragement in watching the wo rking of the representative institutions that were bestowed a few years ago upon our Australian colonies. I do not hesitate candidly to own that I think experien ce d oes appear to show that a very broad line must be drawn between univer sal suffrage and the possession of the suffrage by those classes whose position, however humble it may be, still gives some indication of the exer cise of the virtues of industry and order." We can not say that we need confess so much. Australians are trying their hands at legislation in their ex ceptional circumstances ; and these difficulties all arise from two sources; from the injurious prior legislation of Downing-street while these colonies were in the hands of necessarily ignorant secretaries who enforced their crotchets on a society distant from them by half the circumference of the globe; and next, and from the disturbing effects of the gold discoveries on a new community. Without half the novelties of their situation, and with the blessing of Lords and Church, as well as Crown and Commons, we have seen within the recollection of most of us, political changes as rapid and as unreasonable as those which have occurred of late in our Australian colonies. Indeed to a great extent the source of political unsettlement is the same. The squatters are the landlords in America, and the quarrel be tween them and the towns, is, as here, the one which has caused the greater part of the commo tion. America he got over more easily. Reason able Tories have confessed that the struggle there is due to the questions of slavery and protection, and might as easily have occurred under a monarchy. He might have added that the success of several European monarchies is not such as to enable the Right Divine of Kings to cast a stone at the Right Divine of the people. Looking over Europe Mr. BUXTON took the brighter side. There was light amid the darkness in France, and hope in Prussia, though but little in their stupid King. " Although," said Mr. BUXTON, " the cause of liberty may be under clouds here and there, I be lieve it is making steady way over the face of Europe. No doubt in France there has been a terrible and shameful downfall of liberty, and that is the more painful there because France ought to be leading the world with us in the path of free statesmanship and constitutional liberty. But even in France we seem to see a tendency, I cannot say to liberty, but to the increasing application of the national will and judgment to their own national affairs, and though it is mortifying to own :t, if Louis Napoleon holds the French nation in leading strings, it is with their own:consent. If the French nation chose to be free they certainly could be free, but it is the dread the upper and middle classes have of the outbreak of Red-Republicanism, which makes them throw themselves foolishly into what they suppose to be the security and quiet afforded by a military despotism." So of Prussia, the slack zeal of the people for their constitutional liberties is disappointing. "But they have shown," said the speaker, "on several important occasions that they value their power and are determined to use it. That foolish and exasperating expression of the King at his coronation the other day, talking about 'Divine right,' and saying that he trusted to his army to defend him from attacks, coming from whatever quarter they might, evidently aiming at his own subjects—l was told by a Prussian gentleman the other day that the practical effect of that speech would only be to stimulate them in taking still stronger precautions against any monarchical en croachments," Surveying all other civilised European countries with those which are quietly moving forward and those which are unsettled by struggles for freedom and nationality, we are able to say that, upon the whole, we have this comforting truth forced upon us, that the day of despotism is waning in Europe, and that constitutional self-government is steadily making its way—a result which even a decent Tory will hardly deplore. Indeed, when one looks at Essex Liberalism and Essex Conservatism, as developed by some of the leading speakers at each of the two recent gatherings, except the difference between the " ins" and the " outs," any other of importance is not easy to find. To us, indeed, the difference between the RUSSELL, PALMERSTON, and GREY Whigs seems to be that the Whigs can be reluc tantly pushed on to measures and votes, which the Tories, being in opposition, are happy to oppose. Both parties oppose not only large extension of the franchise, but the emancipation of the counties and the purification of the boroughs. Among the literary benefactors of the pliblic few men at the present day deserve to rank higher than Mr. CHARLES KNIGHT. For long years he has de voted himself to the diffusion of knowledge among the people, and the improvement in the general in telligence of the lower middle classes which is now perceptible, is mainly due to the indefatigable exer tions of the school of which CHARLES KNIGHT may be called the founder. In the days when the " Plain Englishman" first appeared at Windsor good popular serials were unknown. The last generation did not excel in combining amusement with instruc tion, and the natural result of the expense, elabora tion, and tedium of the educational works of their day was the almost total ignorance of the masses of the :population. Even where the rudiments of learning were imparted the scholar's course was generally arrested at the merest outskirts, and science, history, and philosophy were things en tirely unthought of, or left to the study of the scholar and the reflections of the recluse. Mr. CHARLES KNIGHT was one of the first to per ceive that the area of general knowledge might be greatly enlarged; that an acquaintance with the outlines of history, the principles of science, the great facts and theories which affect all mankind alike, might be told in simple language, and brought to the door of the man of business and the artisan, published at a price which would suit the poorest, and arranged on a system which demanded the least time and attention from the reader. At the present day, when schools, colleges, institutes, and libraries are devoted to public education, when the number of cheap popular works is almost excessive, it is not easy to appreciate rightly the difficulties which attended the establishment cf the "Penny Cyclopsedia," or the merit due to its founders. Now when he has happily lived to witness so marvel lous a change, to see even labouring men listening with pleasure to scientific lectures and poring over museums ; to see also the completion of his noble work—the English Cyclopedia— " Finis coronis opus" he may look back with proud satisfaction to the perseverance and consistency which marked his earlier career. Another subject of gratification to the veteran champion of popular education is the approaching conclusion of his admirable " History of England," a work which has won the public approval of no less a critic than Lord BROUGHAM, and which sets before the English people, in simple yet powerful language, that record of their forefathers struggles, trials, and achievements which is their proudest possession. Of this work a contemporary has happily observed—" His am bition has been to advance liberal thought and right knowledge in England by a History of England, so written as to engage popular attention, giving the succession of events in the detail necessary to their full perception, and with his own high interpreta tion of their relative importance. He is the last man who would see in English History the kings and queens instead of the people. With the attraction of a graceful, varied, and often pic turesque style ; with a profusion of good woodcuts that speak to the eye itself, and always carry infor mation of some kind; with generous sympathies ni preparati on i ned givin g a sou l to every chapter, and with the single minded earnestnes sfor his that task — h a i.‘ s i. r.. grudged CHARLES no labourlii TKNIGHT H of acontinued, iv without hrfoeunkr or r e s a i r g s n or of m wo o a r r e ine t s o s, issue sub monthly,. stantial parts of an original History of England, which now occupi es seven hand so me 'volumes. There THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENINU, OCTOBER 28, 1861 remains only an eighth volume, shortly to form an independent issue, to complete a work that many able men might have been proud and happy to re gard as the one achievement of active literary life." The other works of which Mr. KNIGHT has been the author, editor or promoter, are too numerous to mention. They are all, however, of the same high class, animated by the same excellent purpose. The Cyclopedia which is now attracting the attention of the literary world, is one of the most useful works of the day. Amid the multitude of our dictionaries, chronologies, and works of reference it preserves its pre-eminence, and fulfils its promise of being " the only complete cyclopedia of reference in our language." The comprehen siveness of its range, the character of its authors, and the judiciousness of its editing, all rank it high above ordinary works of the class. Each of the four divisions is a complete work in itself, and com piled by our greatest modern authorities. The department of geography embraces the physical features of every country, with its statistics and history to the latest period. The Cyclopmdia of Biography, in six volumes, fully supplies the need felt so constantly by all intelligent readers or writers. It contains as much matter as forty octavo volumes, and includes the names of living celebrities. The division of Natural History, under the editorship of Dr. E. LANKESTER, claims many of our principal naturalists among its contributors, and botany, geology, zoology, com parative anatomy, and physiology have each their share of attention. The concluding division is, however, the crown of the work, from its extent, its utility, and the variety and importance of the subjects it discusses. On this point we may refer the reader to the interesting analysis recently issued by Messrs. BRADBURY and EVANS : "The Cyclopedias of the last century ware strictly Dic tionaries of Arts and Sciences. They included no names of persons or of places. Their Natural History was directed to the uses of vegetable and animal substances rather than to their scientific characters. In these practical objects our Cyclopedia of Arts and Sciences' follows in the steps of these early works, upon which all Cyclopedias, with the exception of the' Penny Cyclopedia,' have been founded. But its range is far more universal. The difficulty of obtain ing completeness in this age of rapid progress is far greater than at a period when the influence of science upon the productive powers of industry was comparatively small. It is impossible to give an adequate idea of the character of this, the most important of the divisions The English Cyclopedia" —to show the vast amount of new matter that has been required to bring up its infor mation to the present day—to point out how this mass of detail has been supplied—without requesting a perusal of the analysis contained in the enume ration of its contributors and of its more important articles, especially of those which are either wholly new or have been subjected to the most elaborate revision. Not an article, not a page, not a line, has beet reprinted without revision. Whether correction or not has been required, the labour of the reviser has been compensated. A cyclopedia may make high pretensions, and yet use its old stereotype plates with a few alterations and new articles. That is not the course which has been pursued with The English Cyclo pedia.' To judge of the extent of the division of labour required to produce the Cyclopaadia of Arts and Sciences' alone it will be seen that it includes sixty contributors in the original ' Penny Cyclopedia,' and that thirty-six new con tributors and revisers have assisted in the production of the present eight volumes." If an extended reputation, and the establishment of a standard work in English literature be a matter of gratification, Mr. KNIGHT has reaped the reward of his labours; but the gratitude due to the pioneer of popular education might find a more substantial expression. In any case, we congratulate the editor and contributors to this magnificent work on the termination of their truly national undertaking. Her Majesty is expected to visit the camp at Aldershot early this week, when some grand reviews and sham fights will probably give a brilliant wind-up to the past drill season. Their Serene Highnesses the Prince and Princess Edward of Saxe-Weimar are on a tour in Ireland, and are at present on a visit to the Earl and Countess of Bess borough, at Bessborough House, Kilkenny. The Duke of Newcastle arrived in London from Clamber Park on Friday. His grace left town on Satur day for Brighton. The Duke and Duchess of Manchester are ex pected in town to-day from a tour on the Continent. The Duchess Dowager of Richmond is expected in town on Thursday from llighcliffe Castle, Hants, the residence of Lady Stuart de Rothesay. The Marquis of Donegal is about to marry Lady Ashworth, widow of Lientonant-General Sir Frederick Ashworth, K.C.B, The Marquis and Marchioness of Exeter arrived in Grosvenor-square on Friday from Burghley House, near Stamford. The Countess Frances Waldegrave comes to town to-day from a tour of visits. The Countess of Rothes and the Hon. George Leslie Waldegrave aro passing the season at Leslie House, Fifeshire. Lord and Lady Cecilia Bingham are expected at their residence in Portland-place in a few days from a tour of visits. Lady Truro leaves town to-day on a visit to Lady King at Woburn-park, Chertsey, Surrey. Lady Bailey has left her mansion in Belgrave square for the south of France, her physician having recom mended her to pass a second winter at Nice for the benefit of her health. The projected marriage of the Princess Anna Murat with the Prince of Orange, son of the King of Hol land, is now said to be off. ILLNESS OF THE MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE, —This venerable nobleman is seriously indisposed at Bowood, in consequence of an accident.—Observer. ILLNESS OF LORD BROTJGHAIL—We are glad to be able to announce that the indisposition of Lord Brougham, though of a serious, has not been of a dangerous character. His lordship has now nearly recovered, and his medical ad visers are of opinion that his health will be sufficiently re stored next week to allow his proceeding to London. THE MET ROPOLITAN RAILWAY.—On Saturday morning the miners employed by Mr. Jay, the contractor to form the tunnel between Guildford-street, Clerkenwell, and the far end of the Clerkenwell workhouse, succeeded in forming a junction. This is considered very satisfactory, as this is by far the heaviest part of the work, the top of the tunnel at Exmouth-street being about 60 feet from the surface of the roadway. The tunnel is now complete from the workhouse to Guildford-street, although the brickwork is not quite finished. The other parts of the works art progressing very satisfactorily, and the tunnel and open cutting is complete from St. Pancras Church to Swinton street. THE CONFEDERATE FLEET.--The Bermuda,which has recently attracted so large an amount of attention upon American waters, in connection with the operations of the navy of the Confederate States, is a Tees-built steamer. She was built some time this year by Messrs, Richardson and Duck, of Stockton. She is a double-plated iron vessel and will, no doubt, give the Federals a deal of trouble be fore she is got rid of, After being launched she proceeded to Hartlepool, and there obtained a crew from the three towns of Stockton, Hartlepool, and Middlesborough. The head engineer belongs to Stockton. The men, the local papers state, were paid two months in advance, and the usual " pay-tickets" when vessels are going on long voyages were withheld. She took in part of her cargo at Hartle peel, which port she loft soma nine weeks since, and pro ceeded to Liverpool, where she was loaded with stores, ammunition, cannon, rifles, &c., and thence proceeded to America. The local papers state the vessel changed cap tains at Liverpool, and when the men left they were not in the least aware of the expedition on which they were sent out. All the business connected with the Bermuda has been conducted in the most secret manner possible in this country. COLLISION ON THE LANCASHIRE AND YORKSHIRE RAILWAY.-A serious accident happened on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway on Friday evening last, between the Eastwood and Todmorden stations. An express train, which starts from Halifax at a quarter to 5 o'clock, had just passed the Eastwood station, the time being about 20 minutes past 5, when a luggage train was observed in front going at a speed of about 1S miles an hour. The speed of the express train was so great that it was found impossible to check it so as to avoid a collision, and the luggage train was run into with great violence, many of the tracks being thrown off the line and the engine displaced. The passengers in the express train were much shaken, as was the breaks man of the luggage train, though it does not appear that any bones were broken, The passenger carriages sus tained no damage, but the engine was so disab!ed that the train bad to be taken forward by another locomotive after the line had been cleared of the scattered wreck of the lug gage trucks. The clearance was effected by a large force of men, who were got to work immediately, and the trafflo was not long impeded, GOVERNMENT EMIGRATION.—Her Majesty's Emigration Commissioners have given notice of their inten • tion to receive tenders on Thursday next, the 31st inst., for a ship to proceed to Melbourne, Victoria, to be ready for the reception of passengers on such day as the commis sioners may appoint between Dec. Ist and 10th. The ship must be furnished with a fresh-water distilling apparatus, with a person to manage it, holding a certificate of compe tence from the patentees, and with the requisite fuel to work it all day throughout the voyage, and necessaries to keep it in order. In consideration whereof the shipowner will be entitled to reduce by ono half the quantity of water re quired to be carried under the Passengers' Act. FATAL ACCIDENT.—WhiIe some ropemakers and labourers were employed in a part of the Middle Storehouse in Portsmouth Dockyard on Saturday, a portion of a raised platform, upon which were stowed a large quantity of coils of rope, suddenly gave way and fell to the ground in a slanting position, knocking four of the men down. Three of the men received but slight injuries ; but the fourth, a "layer," named Francis Davis, was found to have received a terrible fracture of the skull, and died soon after his re moval to the surgery of the dockyard. The deceased has left a widow and five children, and is stated to have been much respected by his superiors and workmates. An in quest will be held to-day. COMMITTAL OF THE RATCLIFFE INCENDIARY.-- On Saturday Henry Clifford was brought before the Not tingham magistrates, charged with setting fire to the stacks belonging to Mr. Parr, of Ratcliffe. A few days ago the prisoner had an interview with Mr. Parr and described to him the exact position of the stacks in the yard, and the manner in which he set them on fire. The prisoner, how ever, now denied the charge and attempted to prove an alibi, but was committed to take his trial at the next Not tingham Assizes upon the charge. The value of the pro perty destroyed amounted to more than £1,500. ALLEGED ASSAULT UPON A PREACHER BY A POLICE INSPECTOR AT LIVERPOOL.-011 Thursday the Liverpool County Court magistrates were occupied five hours in trying an action brought by Mr. Joseph Duckers, a licensed preacher, who is also a provision dealer, residing at Leigh, against Inspector Thomas Blair, of the Liverpool police force, for £5O, as compensation for injuries sustained at his hands. In Liverpool a law exists prohibiting street preach ing after it is dark, owing to the frequent disturbances which take place at such gatherings ; the complainant, however, in opposition to this law preached after hours on the 27th of July last, and used language calculated to excite the populace. In consequence of a complaint which was made to him, the defendant proceeded to where the plaintiff was preaching, and ordered him to go away, using, as it was alleged, a good deal of violence in order to expedite his movements. It was also alleged that the plaintiff suffered very severely at the time from injuries received by being pushed in the back by the defendant's stick, and that he had not at the present time regained his proper health. For the defence it was proved that the inspector had acted bonafide in the execution of his duty, and had used no unnecessary force. The plaintiff was nonsuited with power of appeal, the execution of the costs to be stayed in the event of an ap peal being made in due form. A PLEASANT SITE FOR A HOSPITAL.—Workmen have been engaged during the past week in fixing the sites of the foundat ions of the new Herbert Hospital on Ridbrook common, adjoining the Great Dover-road, about nine miles from London. Whatever may be the advantage of this posi tion, there is one thing very much to be regretted, that the new hospital will face the slope of the hill, and be within 300 yards of the new Greenwich and Deptford Cemetery, which, from its elevation, is unfortunately prominent on a large scale in the landscape. The daily average number of funerals there is considerable; and certainly the sight of the mournful ceremonies, with the attendant hearses, &c., is likely to bo neither pleasant nor refreshing to the sick men. In short, it must be admitted that the sites chosen by Government officials for our national buildings aro passing strange, if not quite inexplicable. The new barracks for the Royal Marine Artillery at Portsmouth have just been commenced in rear of a heavy coast fort commenced at the same time, and mounting guns of the largest calibre ; so that in case of attack all shot missing the batteries will plump right into the barracks. Here we are to have our model hospital erected right in front of one of the widest graveyards in the kingdom. May we venture to ask who is responsible fot these extraordinary selections ? concern.. ing which, sooner or later, there will certainly be some in quiry. —Army and Navy Gazette. THE GENDARME AND THE DROWNING MAN.— Alphonse Karr relates the following incident, which is stated to have occurred not long since at a village in Nor mandy :—" As a gendarme was walking along the banks of a small river he suddenly heard cries for help from a drown ing man. He hastened to the spot, and saw the man strug gling in the water. Without a moment's hesitation he threw off part of his uniform, plunged into the river, seized the man, and brought him to land in a state of insensibility. Proper restoratives having been applied, the man came to himself, and earnestly inquired the name of his deliverer. ' No matter about my name,' replied the gendarme, ' bnt you must give me yours, and your address, too." But I really must know who you are, and I trust you will come to see me.' Oh lasto my name, you will find that at the bottom of the proces-verbal.' I really do net think any such formality requisite ; I shall always bo ready to own my obligation to you, and these good people are all witness I of your noble action.' What noble action I" asked the gendarme. Why, your risking your own life to save mine.' I did nothing of the kind ; I saw you in the water in a forbidden part of the river, and I jumped in to arrest you, not to save you from drowning, and must now draw up a proces-verbal of the fact, and summon you before the juge de pais,' All persuasion was useless, the proces-verbal was drawn up, and in due course the offender appeared before the juge de pail, when it was satisfactorily proved that the accused had fallen into the river while watering a horse, and had thus narrowly escaped drowning." THE ANCIENT MARKET-CROSS OF EDINBURGH. —Some time ago we noticed the proposal made by a num ber of gentlemen in Edinburgh to resuscitate, on or near the old site, the ancient market-cross which had been removed about a century ago, after being the mute witness of a long series of historical events. This proposal we now learn has been abandoned, the town council having refused by a majority to grant the site required, but proposing another, the acceptance of which the committee considered would be "inconsistent with all traditi ins on the subject, and irre concileable with all the expectations that had been held out to subscribers." The committee conclude their statement by expressing "sincere concern at this issue of their re peated efforts, and fear that the possibility of reviving the Cross of Edinburgh in any shape, through concurrence of the town council, is at an end." "It is," they add, "due to themselves to say that they were prepared to place in the High-street, and in a manner, as they think, no way calcu lated to obstruct the thoroughfare, an object, the name and figure of which are identified with numerous important incidents in Scottish history, and which could scarcely fai to be an attraction and source of interest to strangers. With their, at least well meant, offer rejected, nothing is left for them but to relinquish further proceedings ; and with best thanks to the Lord Provost and the minority who sup ported his motion, also to those who liberally aided them by subscriptions, and likewise to the Royal Scottish Aca demy and Society of Antiquaries, they now, as is most fitting, order that the money gathered for the re-erection of the cross be returned to the respective donors." The de sign submitted was as nearly as possible a fac simile of the cross removed in 1756, and the site requested was at the opening of Parliament-square in the High -street. The ma jority of the towa council (whose small sympathy with tra dition and antiquity was singularly instanced in their re fusal to fulfil the Act of Parliament in reference to Trinity College Church) proposed a site opposite the County buildings, which did not belong to them, and which an Act of Parliament had expressly declared should not be built on. ( NEW ZEALAND GOLDFIELDS.—The newly dis covered goldfields at Tuapeka, about 30 miles from Toko mairiro, are exciting great interest in Otago and other pro vinces of New Zealand. A very interesting letter has been published by Mr. Gillies, a member of the Provincial Council, describing a visit to Tuapeka towards the end of June. He says the gold is found in some places lying on the flat surface of the blue slate rock, aid in one rich claim it lay sprinkled about like oats sown in a field. In others, and more generally, it is found in ledges of the rock and deposited in the hollows, where the ledge or hollow crosses what had formerly been the course of the stream. In some places it is embedded in the blue slate rock several inches, and it is to be found in the quartz. The gold is doubtless to be found distributed over the whole valley in paying quantities. From careful inquiries of at least 100 per sons who had been longest at work he was convinced that _ _ their average earnings had been over two ounces per man per day, and that the average earnings of all who had been at work with proper appliances would be at least an ounce a day. One party averaged 4 oz,l6dwt.per man per day. In one day a party of seven took 38oz. for their day's work, and other remarkable finds had been made such as from three-quarters to an ounce of gold to a tin dishful of washing stuff; but these, of course, are exceptional cases. Mr. Gillies is of opinion that the gold is distributed over a large tract of country, and that it is likely to be a per manent as well as a rich goldfield. The country around is beautifully grassed, and in the Tuapeka and Waitahuma 'valleys there is some of the richest agricultural land in the province. About 1,000 men were on the spot, and the greatest harmony and cheerfulness prevailed. The weather was fine, but very cold in the nights and mornings. The Lindis goldfields have not realized the great expecta tions formed of them. The latest accounts state that the diggers were leaving, and that not more than 100 remained on the two diggings, who were barely paying their expenses. A party of old hands had been sent . _ out prospecting by the way of the upper gorge and surround • ing ranges at the expense of a firm of storekeepers at the diggings, and the same firm bad engaged another patty to sink a hole in the flat, tear their stores, so as to bottom the flat„which had not yet been done. Good order prevailed at the diggings. The average find of gold daily ranged from a pennyweight to half an ounce to the party (not indi vidually), and some of it was so very fine that it could scarcely be washed. A party of five had only made a penny weight and a half in two days. All the ranges back on each side of the diggings were coyere4 with snow, some of them down to the baeQ, g, - (se ' • ' A .T P, N 114 MESSINA, OCT. 25. The English man of-war Victor Emmanuel has arrived here. The English fleet, under the command of Admiral Martin, has passed the Straits of Messina on its way to Malta. BERNE, OCT. 26. The statement of a German paper that the Go vernment of Geneva had requested that Swiss Federal troops might be sent to that canton is un founded. The Government of Geneva has, however, called out the militia of the canton for extraordinary night duty. THORN, OCT. 25. General Lambert has left Warsaw. The Marquis Wielopolski has tendered his re- signation. It is said that General Abramowitsch has been appointed Military Governor of Poland. OCTOBER 2G. Several members of the committee which con ducted the funeral of the late Archbishop of War saw were arrested last night. Among them were two priests, named Wifzynski and Steck. OCTOBER 27. MM. Schlenker, Beyer, Hispanski, Probst, and Wyssynski, members of the late delegation of citi zens of Warsaw, have been arrested. Numerous other arrests continue to take place. The resignation of the Marquis Wielopolski has not been accepted by the Government. PESTH, OCT. 26. The Cardinal Primate of Hungary has delivered a speech in his quality of Obergespan of the comitat of Gran, in which he declared that he would not only refuse to order the functionaries of the comitat to co-operate in the levy of recruits for the army, but he would forbid them to do so. He further said that the Emperor should come to Buda in order to dispel the fears of the Hungarians with regard to their constitution, which they believed to be in danger, and should convoke the Hungarian Diet as soon as possible. He expressed a desire for the postponement of the questions of the taxes and the levying of troops, and concluded by saying that the collection of the taxes by military execution should be imme diately stopped. BELGRADE, OCT. 26. The Official Journal publishes another note stating that the excitement which prevails in Servia is caused by the encroachments of the Porte on the rights granted to the Servians and the presence of a Turkish army on the frontiers of Servia. The note concludes thus :—" The Servian Go vernment only aims at the protection of the rights of the country and the removal of the obstacles which stand in the way of a good understanding between the Port and Servia." OCT. 27. The insurrection in the Herzegovina is spreading. The insurgents from Zubzi, with Montenegrins from Grahovo, have invaded Schuma. Fighting has been going on there during the last two days. The com munications between Trebigne and Belgrade are interrupted. The inhabitants are taking refuge iu Austrian territory. RAGUSA, OCT. 27. Last night a bloody encounter took place between the insurgents and the Turkish troops, in which the latter sustained heavy losses. The insurgents are advancing and the fight con tinues. FRANCE. BOURSE, Oct. 26.—The market has been inani mate, but prices have been maintained at the closing rates of yesterday. Threes, for the Account, are now at 68f 20c. The following are the last quotations : 4t per per Cents ... 95 90 Credit Foncier 1177 50 Do end month.... 96 Belgian 4t.. — 3 per Cents Do. end month 6B 20 Roman Bank Shares 2900 Austrian Credit Mobilier.. „ 711 25 Spanish Threes — Do. Account 712 50 j Home Debt RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1330 -- .. 1330 -- Northern - .. 981 25 New ditto Lyons and Mediterranean 1025 -- .. 1026 25 Geneva 340 -- . . 341 25 Southern 636 25 .. 637 50 Western - .. 532 50 Eastern - Sardinian - .. 352 50 Austrian - Low bard AMERICA. NEW YORK, OCT. 15, EVENING. (Per Niagara via Boston and Queenstown.) Several transports have left New York. It is reported that the naval expedition which recently sailed from this port will rendezvous at Annapolis, and embark infantry, cavalry, and ar tillery before proceeding south. A Confederate force has attacked Wilson's Zouaves at Santa Rosa Island. A Southern account states that the former spiked the guns of the Fede rals, destroyed their camp equipage, and took a number of prisoners. No account of the naval engagement at New Orleans has yet been received through any Northern source. Large quantities of Northern property have been confiscated in the South, including two slave estates owned in New York and Boston. The New York Tribune's Washington correspon dent states that the Federal Government is arrang ing the erection of permanent barracks near Wash ington for 60,000 men. The Federal troops have advanced two miles beyond Lewinsville. General Fremont has forbidden the forwarding of telegraphic reports of the war movements in Missouri. The Washington correspondents of the New York journals continue to deny that the Federal Govern• ment has acquiesced in the Mexican intervention. The Secretary of War has visited S t. Louis (M 0.),, for the purpose of making investigations. It is reported that the Federal troops from Kan sas have repulsed the Confederates with considerable loss, near Greenfield. The Bremen and the North American have ar rived out. ~ QUEENSTOWN, OCT. 27. The Royal Mail steamship Niagara, from Boston on the 16th and Halifax on the 18th inst., arrived here at 2 10 p.m. to-day. She brings 70 passengers. She landed all mails except those for Scotland and Liverpool, and proceeded at 2 30 p.m.; all well. The Niagara experienced strong easterly winds on her homeward voyage. LATEST BY TELEGRAPH VIA HALIFAX. NEW YORK, OCT. 17. Mr: Seward has addressed the following circular o the Governors of those States which remain loyal ;o the Union : " The rebels, taking advantage of the embarrass ments which the rebellion has caused to the agriculture and commerce of foreign powers, con tinue to make renewed efforts to obtain the recog nition of their independence by the foreign powers, and thus involve (the Federal government in con troversies with friendly nations. Notwithstanding these efforts, however, the prospect of such disturb ances is now less s(aious than at any other period; but it is necessary to take every precaution possible to avoid adding the evils of foreign war to civil corn motion. " The most chylous precaution is to put in a eon. dition of complete defence all the ports, har bours, sea coasts, and lakes. " Every nation voluntarily incurs dangers in tem pestuous seasons, where it fails to show it has sheltered itself from the storms which might be possible to come. " Congress failed to provide amply for the for tification of the sea coasts and lakes, therefore the governors are invited to submit the subject of im provements in the State defences to the considera tion of the legislatures. These measures of defence being taken with concurrence of the Federal Government, Congress would reimburse the outlay made by the loyal States. Should the legislatures accept these suggestions, the Government will ap point agents to confer with the superintendent of the State defences." No confirmation has been received of the reported fight at New Orleans. There has been some skirmishing in Missouri and Virginia, resulting in favour of the Federals. Three steamers have been sent in pursuit of the steamer Nashville, which ran the blockade at Charleston on the 12th inst. A large naval expedition, comprising between forty and fifty vessels, has sailed. The transports which form part of this expedition have arrived at Hampstead roads. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, OCT. 17. Money in fair demand. Exchange ; Bankers bills, 1071. Stocks close firm. New York Central, 771; Erie, 31 ; Illinois, 66k. Cotton firm. Bread stuffs active at irregular prices. Provisions steady. THE OVERLAND MAIL. By the arrival of the Calcutta mail we have re ceived our private correspondence and files of papers from Calcutta to the 23d of September, and from Hongkong to the 12th of September. We take the following from the Calcutta English man of the 23d of September : " Our reports from all parts of the country con tinue to predict favourably of the expected cotton crop of this year ; indeed we gather from all sides that an area considerably in excess of previous years is already under cotton cultivation ; great efforts are being made in the cotton-growing dis tricts of the Madras and Bombay Presidencies par ticularly, to enable them to meet any call that may be made upon them for their staple. Tinnevelly has perhaps done more in this respect than any other district, with the exception of Dharwar. The cotton-growing districts bordering in the Goda very River are also reported to have considerably increased the area usually devoted to the cultiva tion, and the facilities offered by the river for transporting it to the coast will render any increase from this quarter highly desirable, not only as offering a prospect of large returns for money invested, from the cheapness of water carriage to the coast, but from the early date at which it will be available for the same reason. In Tinnevelly great and successful efforts have been made not only to improve the staple derived from indigenous seed (to which much attention has been paid in recent years), but to introduce foreign varieties. The experiments which have been tried of late in nearly every cotton growing district of India have generally tended to prove that provided the seed be obtained by the grower early in the year, or as shortly as possible after it has been taken from the parent plant, there is no variety which will not thrive and yield a plentiful crop. In Cen tral India the ♦arieties which appear to promise best are those raised from Egyptian and New Or leans seed, while in the coast districts Sea Island seed is mostly preferred. Doubtless the success attending on the cultivation of this description of cotton in Dharwar has had much to with the favour it now obtains in other maritime localities. In the north-west provinces a trial has been given, chiefly by European zemindars, to all the varieties of foreign cotton seed ; and where attention to the cultivation and a knowledge of requirements of the plant have been brought to bear, success has universally resulted, except in some few cases, when the seed obtained has from age or other causes been deficient in germinating power. Un fortunately, from ignorance and inattention on the part of some who have been supplied with seed, failure has attended on the attempt to introduce foreign seed, and, as the natives aro always averse to innovation s they not unnatu- rally ignore the success attendant on the efforts of some, and adopt as proof of the unfitness of the climate and soil for the cultivation of foreign varieties the failure of others. It must not, how ever be overlooked, that in the north-west provinces there are many zemindars, planters, and ryots yet living who remember the days in which screw and cleaning houses existed in those districts, and when a flourishing trade in cotton was carried on with England, and the ruin which the introduction into that country of American slave grown cotton en tailed on all concerned in its cultivation and pro duction. It is not unnatural therefore that men who have once suffered so severely, and whose tales of losses they have met with have been listened to by those about them, should not only hesitate them selves, but cause others to do so, in re-entering on the cultivation of a staple, fir the permanent demand for which they have no guarantee. To suc cessfully carry on a trade in cotton no inconsider able outlay is requisite. Gins and screws houses must be established, and large advances made. And when, before this can be accomplished, the present fratricidal war now waging in America may be terminated, and American slave-grown cotton again find its way to English markets, to the ex clusion, as before, of all Indian-grown staple, it be comes a grave question as to whether the possible return is likely to counterbalance the possible loss. " This is a question more for Manchester than for India to decide. If she is willing to invest a portion of the millions she says she is prepared to spend on Indian cotton, in the establishment of screw houses, and agencies for the purchase of the staple, and will show herself thoroughly in earnest, she will obtain as much cotton as she can require. That she will do so, even without this, we believe; but the burnt child dreads the fire, and the former cotton growers and exporters of the north-west will be chary on entering again the furnace that has once already nigh destroyed them. We are led to believe that Oude will not be behindhand in the cultivation of cotton, and we may fairly expect a good return from that important province. From the report of the administration of this province for the year 1860-61, we gather that two large zemin dars of Oude, Rajah Roostum Sah and Maharajah Man Singh have entered con amore on the cultiva tion of cotton from foreign seed. The latter has this year obtained a large supply of seed from Calcutta, for the reception of which he has caused land to be carefully prepAred. Last year Rajah Roostum Sah, notwithstanding the very late receipt of seed from Calcutta, which was the cause of its meeting with very limited use, produced from the seed he obtained a very fair specimen of cotton. Thus encouraged, we may confidently look for a vigorous prosecution of the undertaking entered on, and for a good supply from this province of cotton raised from foreign seed. " Meanwhile our advices from up-country assure us that one reason that so little confidence is felt in the cotton-growing districts of the north-west in the manifesto published by Manchester and the agents of her Cotton Supply Association (all of which calls on India to supply her with cotton she can no longer obtain from America) is that while agents are travelling throughout the country calling on the cultivators to grow cotton, there are at the present time, in the depots on the Ganges, upwards of 50,000 bales, for which the holders can find no purchasers. A large portion of this cotton comes no doubt from Nagpore, but nevertheless there must be enough of it the property of per sons in the north-west to make them very doubtful of the real existence of the urgent demand so loudly trumpted forth, when they see these 50,000 bales of the required commodity allowed to rot in the warehouses which contain them. " The sales of cotton goods during the past week have fully met the expectations expressed in our last issue. Our markets generally have been cha racterised by an amount of activity to which they ~~