The Sun. — London, England, 1827-10-04 00:00:00

- • Iniitee are fart'her' of op i n i on, that l i tit i;anie feeling would lead them more eiteksively to avail them selves "(as they would the be able to do) of the pro yisions of the Act already alluded to, for preventing the recurrence of the evil; in which case alone the removal could be beneficial to the proprietor or to , the country. If all Irish proprietor were to remove 500 personla e l t di---, 46 100 heads of fan:lilies, from Lis estate, for the purpose of throwing that estate into le.kger farms, and were to pull down the 100 cottages in which thoSe 100 families may have lived, and not suffer them to be re-occupied, no compari son can exist, with reference to the advantages of Xmigration, between a supposed state of things, and the mere abstraction of leiourers to the same amount, whose "tenements may be immediately inhabited by a similar class of persons. That which is true in a sintle instance, is equally true in considering emi ligation as a general measure in Ireland. It will be Impossible to show that so great a ratio of increase can be expected to take place, in consequence of the migration of pauper tenants, as would have taken place in the. population that Noight have existed in Ireland, bad they not been removed to the Colo , Tielt. Your Committee, however, are not prepared to recommend that any legislative provisions should be made to prevent by law the re-occupation of those Cottages, or to enforce their destruction, because they are satisfied that it is from the ,growing opinion, which is spreading itself among the whole gentry of Ireland, that the principal security is to be derived fpr their not being again occupied; if. it were not for this growing opinion, that it is to the interest of the proprietors, in the best understood sense, to re sist all collateral circumstances in favour of the ex cessive growth of population, your Committee are aware that any . liTielative measures of a compul sory nature might in various ways be evaded. With these ollservations your Committee dismiss this part of the subject, which peculiarly applies to the cir cumstances of Ireland. They would, however, recommend to the atten tion of the House, the evidence at large, as furnish ing very detailed and valuable information. The testimony which was uniformly given by the practi cal witmesses, who appeared before your Committee, has been confirmed in the most absolute manner by that of Mr. Malthus ; and your Committee cannot but express their satisfaction nt finding that the ex perience of facts is thus strengthened throughout by gen►_ral reasoning and scientific principles. Mr. Malthus was asked, whether he had taken into consideration what may be the effect of the continued increase of the population of Ireland, upon the condition of the labouring classes of England ? lie stated, that in his opinion the effect Avill be most fetal to the happiness of thu labouring classes in England, because there will be a constant and in creasing emigration from Ireland to England, which will tend to lower the wages of labour in England, and to prevent the good effects arising from the su perior prudence of the labouring classes in this coun try. He stated, that he has understood that in the western parts of England and Scotland in the manu facturing districts, particularly in Manchester and Glasgow, the wage,* 'of labour have been lowered essentially. by the Coming over of the Irish labourers; which opinion., your Committee beg to observe, is confirr ed s ay the evidence that has been given by witnessr_a resident in those districts. Mr. Malthus is of opinion that this emigration will tend materially to alter the habits of the labouring class in England—to force them into the habitual consumption of a sort of food inferior to that to which they are now accustomed, namely, potatoes; and the danger of the use of the lowest quality of food is, that it leaves no resource in a period of scarcity; whereas in the case of a popu lation habitually living on wheat, there is always the resource of potatoes to compensate for the failure of an average crop. He is also of opinion that it will throw a grater number`of the English labourers upon the poor -rates, inasmuch as, if there be a re dundancy of labour in any English 'parish, the pre sence of Irish labourers universally seeking for em ployment would prevent such English labour from being absorbed. He stated, that he was satisfied no permanent improvement would take place in the case of the English poor, if a portion of them were re moved by Emigration, as long as this influx of Irish labourers into England continued without a check. Mr. Malthus stated, that unless a change took place in the management of the land in Ireland, he can only anticipate an increase of poverty and misery ; and that such change cannot take place, unless something is done to remove the people. He ad mitted that if the people increase and continue in their present state, there can be little prospect of allay greater degree of tranquillity and security in that country ; and for these reasons be is of opinion that it is particularly expedient to attempt to introduce emigration on a large scale from Ireland, especially as he understands there is an intention on the part of landlords to make the change in question in the management of their properties. He was finally asked, " What is your opinion of the capability of Ireland to become a very rich and flourishing coun try ?"- he answered, " My opinion is, that it has very great capabilities ; that it might be a very rich and a very prosperous country ; and that it might be richer in proportion that England, from its greater natural capabilities."—" Do you think any one cir cumstance would more tend to accelerate that state of things, than a judicious system of emigration put into force in that country ? I think that a judicious system of emigration is one of the most powerful means to accomplish that object." Very important evidence, by Mr. Leslie Foster and Mr. Nimmo, will be found, with respect to the cultivation of the bog lands of Ireland; but what ever may be thought of the advantages which might arise from such an application of capital, they wou!d in no degree supersede, in the opinion, of your Com mittee, the benefits to be derived from a contempo raneous and systematic principle of emigration. 2.-ENGLAND. Four witnesses were examined by the Committee of 1826, respecting the state of the pauper population in parts of England. Your Committee have examined on this subject, during the present Session, twenty-two witnesses, including the Bishop of Ches ter ansl Mr. Hyett, who belong to the Committee for the relief of distressed manufacturers; Mr. Bur rell, a member of your Committee, and an extensive proprietor in Sussex, where the evils of a redundant population appear to exist in a most remarkable de gree ; and several landed proprietors, clergymen, manufacturers, and overseers of the poor. Four of these witnesses were examined with a view of ascer taining whether the waste lands afford an opportu nity for the employment of the pauper population, involving the certainty of a return ; and their evi dence has not impressed your Committee with the opinion that such would be the result. It was ad mitted, that as far as the direct expence was con cerned, the location of the poor on the waste lands at home could net be effected upon terms equally cheap as those under which their emigration might be effected. Mr. Malthus also is of opinion, that the cultivation of poor lands at home, undertaken merely for the purpose of employing the people, would end necessarily in failure, and would rather aggravate than diminish the difficulties arising from over population. It may not be superfluous to add, that objections equally strong exist to the employment of paupers on public works, with the public money, in cases where such works-would not have been undertaken, except for the special purpose of thus employing the population. The counties to which the evidence refers are — Sussex, Kent, Cheshire, Northamptonshire, ,o Buck inghamshire, Surrey, Middlesex, Lancashire, Suff olk, ' ttiViamshire and Cumberland.—The overseers of vanotus English parishes who have been examined before your Committee, were all prepared to admit that the rem ova l of a redundant pauper family was a solid advanta ge to the parish, to be estimated at no less than a awn, 25/, even if that family had been partially of had been employed, so long as some other family unemployed for the same period during the preceding year . They appear to have understood accurately the forc e of principle, that partially employed labour ers are often to be considered as re dundant thus, for example, if five labourers could in the year 1828 execute in a certain parish the Mite amount of work which eight labourers executed' in the year 18fl ; there would be three redinidant labourers ; and Who probability existed tinit any real demand for the permerietit annual serViets df those three redundant labourers would arise, the parish would train by contributing towards their emigre tion,in the proportion between the expence of such Contribution and the expellee incurred by the parish for their maintenance. Your Committee, upon this subject, would more particularly refer to the evi dence of Mr. CoSvray, a proprietor in Romney Marsh and the Weald of Kent. His testimony is to be round in his answers to the questions numbered from 48'0 to 3894 in the evidence. Mr. • Cosway not only stated that in the case of eight labourers being employed only seven-eighths. of the working time through Out the year; thtrd was one redundant labourer; afarding to the principles laid down by your COlninittee, but he also contended that the aggre gate Work executed! by those eight men did not re present the work which ought to have been effected by seven labourers, under the circumstance of a satis factory adjustment of the supply of labour to the demand. . The House will find also that there is a remark able concurrence among the English witnesses, as to the expediency of raising a fund upon the secu rity of the poor-rates (on the principle of the money permitted to be raised under the Act commonly called Mr. S. Bourne's Act) for the purpose of contributing towards the expense of removing redundant paupers by emigration. A suggestion was offered by Mr. Conway, that in the event of parishes being allowed to mortgage their rates for the purpose of contribu tion towards emigration, upon the principle esta blished with respect to the building of poor-houses, in the Act referred to, such'parish - es would be dis posed to avail themselves of the facility, provided they were released from any legal claim on the part of the emigrant pauper, in the event of his return to his original settlement. Mr. Malthus is of opinion that parishes in England would act pru- ' dently as regards their interest, in charging their poor-rates for the purpose of raising a fond to pro more emigration, and that even a national tax would be justifiable for that purpose, if a bare probability existed of the vacuum not being filled up. Mr. Cosway also suggested that it would be expedient to enact a law allowing parishes to impose a tax on any future cottages to be built in each parish, the proceeds of such tax to merge in the general poor rate of the parish. He is of opinion that if there were a real demand for labour in such a parish, there would be no disposition on the part of the rate payers to impose any tax on such cottages. On the contrary, if private speculation and individual inte rest contemplated the erection of cottages, for the mere purpose of obtaining rent from them, without any consideration of the real demand for labour, Mr. Cosway considers that the power of self-taxation, on the principles suggested by him, would inter pose a convenient and salutary check. Your Com mittee think these suggestions well worthy the at tention of the House, although they do not presume to offer any definitive opinion on tie propriety of their adoption. The House will find that all the witnesses concur in opinion, that the greatest practical improvement of the poor-rate system is involved in the disconti nuance of relief to able-bodied paupers; and your Committee are of opinion, that such discontinuance will be rendered more practicable by the introduc tion of a system of regulated emigration, than by any other measure. On this subject, the questions numbered from 3,252 to 3,257, were put to Mr. Malthus : " If in England, where a system of poor-rates exists, redundant labourers were to be removed by emigration, and it were to be demonstrated that under the terms of such re • moval their condition was highly improved in the country to which they were sent, might not the system of relieving able-bodied men, which his grown up, as many contend, contrary to the spirit of the law, be gradually extinguished, to the extreme advantage of the administration of the poor- .• laws in England ?—lt certainly might. "Do you not consider, that under these circumstances an effectual remedy would be laid for the prevention of a disproportionate population in future ?—lf, at the same time, as suggested with regard to Ireland, the kouses of those who emigrated were pulled clown, I think then there might be something like an effectual remedy. "Does any other practical remedy, present itself to you, as desirable of being introduced into this country, with tespect to the filling up of any vacuum occasioned by emi gration?—Nn other occurs to me, except the one I myself proposed a long while ago, that those that were born after a certain time should not be allowed to have any parish assistance. "If parochial assistance were rigidly and invariably limited to the support of the aged and infirm, or of chil dren, and universally denied to able-bodied men who have no opportunity of working, do you think the existence of a well-regulated poor-rate under such restrictions would he prejudicial to the country ?—Perhaps not; but it appears to be difficult always to restrict it in that way. Admitting, for the sake of the proposition, that poor's rates were judiciously administered under such limitations, are you of opinion that a pocir's- rate might not be inexpe dient ?--At any rate it would be a great improvement, as compared with the present mode of administration. " If a system of emigration could be adopted with benefit to the labourer emigrating, do you not think that it might justify the enactment of a positive law, removing all claims on the part of an able-bodied pauper for assistance or for work, under circumstances of his being in a state of desti tution?—As I should say so independently of the question of emigration, I must say so still more strongly when coupled with the remedy proposed." Your Committee .cannot express too strong an opinion against the idea of regulating, by legislation, the rate of wages under any conceivable modifica tion. t A distinction, however, exists, between an agricultural and a manufacturing population. The demand.for the labour of the former is more or less equal from year to year, involving a comparative equality of wages for certain periods ; while that of the latter may at 3..ny moment be materially lower ed by the circumstance of the introduction of new machinery displacing manual labour, or by a dimi nution of demand in the home or foreign market.— On the other hand, those wages may be raised by a converse increase of demand, arising from an infi nite variety of causes, many of which cannot be an ticipated with any degree of certainty. Your Committee are therefore of opinion, that every endeavour should be made to impress on the mind of the artisan, that he must himself, for his own individual interest, carry into effect that prac tical equalization of wages, which is absolutely im possible to be effected ,by any legislative arrange ment, or by any agreement between the capitalists and himself. It is the condition of his occupation to oscillate between the two alternate extremes of high and low wages, from the causes already assigned. If, at the period of high wages, he does not create a fund which is to meet the alternation of low wages, he can have no justifiable cause of complaint when he suffers the inconveniences of poverty and desti tution from the effect of an alternation which it is not possible to avoid, and from the prejudicial results of which his own prudence might have protected him. At all events, when the truth is sufficiently under stood to leave no doubt of its import and bearing, the conviction cannot fail to he produced, not only in the minds of the manufacturers, but in that of the pub lic, that the distress which might have been averted by prudence is not a distresi which can require any special exercise of private charity, much less of pub lic contribution. Your Committee cannot avoid to observe that in requiring this exercise of prudence on the part of the manufacturing classes, no more is expected from them than what is.carried into practical effect every hour in many classes of the community. It would undoubtedly be an encroachment upon the free agency of any person, in any condition of life, to prescribe to him the extent of his expenditure aris ing out of his current income ; but no complaint can exist upon the part of persons (to whatever class they may belong) who neglect to avail themselves of the application of so simple and necessary a principle. The operation of the poor-rates has tended mate rially to prevent the exercise of this particular sort of prudence. The artisan has considered that he had a perfect right to expend his wages when they were high s without making a• provision tor the tnture, inasmuch as the parish was bound to support him Whenever the alternation of di§trees Might arise; If the real eirctinnttances of their situation Were pub- . licly and diligently impressed upon the minds of ar tisans, manufacturing parishes would be relieved at an early period from the necessity of doing more than contributing the very minimum of subsistence to all paupers, whose neglect of prudential caution had compelled them to depend solely upon parish assist ance at the period of slackened demandand depressed wages. Your Committee, therefore, from these considera tions, feel themselves warranted in concluding, that a system of emigration might be applicable to there; lief of overpeopled parishes in England, in which some security may be offered against a recurrence of the evil. This security is to be looked for in the well-understood interest of the rate-payer, in the greater number of parishes, purely agricultural; but in the manufacturing districts and larger towns, where the interest of the majority of rate-payers is Merged in that of the proprietors of an inferior class of houses, and of individuals interested in the low Wages of labour, a slighter security exists for the Voluntary prevention of the evils of over-population, as emigration would have a tendency, for the mo ment, to raise wages and lower rents. 3.-SCOTLAND. Four witnesses were examined before the Com mittee of 1826 on the state of Scotland. Eleven have been 'examined before the present Committee ; of these, four were Members of the House, and five delegates especially appointed by Emigration So cieties in Scotland to give evidence to your Com mittee. From this evidence, the case of Scotland appears to be that which presents the greatest difficulty.— Where the evils of a superabundant population are found to exist, they are not in general under those circumstances to which emigration could be applied as a permanent and effectual remedy; and your Corn- . mittee would beg to remind the House, that they are not prepared to offer any recommendation in favour of emigration, sinless such collateral measures can be taken as would prevent the recurrence of the evils complained of. In point of fact, there has not been laid before your Committee any evidence which tends to show general or extensive distress from over-popu lation in the agricultural districts of Scotland. In some of the islands, indeed, upon the western coast, it does appear that a case exists in some degree, but upon a smaller scale, corresponding with that of Ire land : and there is no doubt that very valuable set tlers might be furnished , from those parts with advan tage to the islands and colonies. The system has indeed been carried , into erect, and, it is stated, with advantage to some proprietors. Upon this head, your Committee would refer to the evidence given by Mr. Alexander Hunter. But by far the strongest case of distress appears in the state of the manufacturing districts—in that class; whose places, from the greater fluctuations in trade than in agriculture, would be the most certainly and speedily filled up. Under this impression, it appearsfrom the concurrent testimony of all the witnesses examined, that a general disinclination would be felt in those districts to advance any sum for facilitating emigra tion ; and the numerous applicants who hare, by their delegates, been before your Committee, are in a state which utterly precludes any pecuniary exertion on their part. The universal opinion expressed also is, that even in those districts where the population is, strictly speaking, redundant, the redundancy is chiefly, if not entirely, owing to the formidable influx and compe• tition of Irish labourers, who seem already to have in a great measure effected in the manufacturing dis tricts of •Scotland those alarming changes in the condition of the lower classes, which have been already pointed out, under the head of Ireland, as calculated to excite such serious apprehensions with regard to England. Your Committee feel themselves called upon to add, however, that those evils have been much in creased by the" uncertain and hazardous state of the law, (as expressed by one of the witnesses, a member of your Idouse) with regard to the liability of real and .personal property to a rate for the maintenance of the poor, as also by the doubt who are to he con sidered " the poor," and by the absence of all law of removal. On the whole, your Committee are of opinion, that although the Scotch emigrants are in most instances very valuable' settlers,* and although there is a strong disposition among the people, to emigrate, yet, as a nation it measure, more effectual relief may be afforded by a reconsideration of the laws above alluded to, and by the diversion elsewhere of the influx of Irish paupers, than by any system of emgration which might be applied to the removal of the Scotch population. * It appeared in evidence that many of the hand loom weavers were accustomed to agricultural occupations. (TO BE CONTINUED.) LIVERPOOL MUSICAL FESTIVAL. On Monday morning Divine Service was cele brated in St. Michael's Church, Pitt-street. The morning was delightfully fine. The congregation began to assemble before nine o'clock, although the Service was net to be commenced until eleven. The Service commenced with Orlando Gibbon's anthem, " Hosannah to the Son of David," which was sung by the principal vocal performers engaged for the festival, assisted by a strong band of chorus singers. Sir George Smart presided at the organ. The prayers and lessons were read, in a most impres sive manner, by the Rev. A. Dawson, 8.D., the Senior Minister of the Church. The " Venite" and the Psalms for the day were chaunted; and the " Te Deum" and " Jubilate" were very well sung, as set to music by C. King. After the collects, Kent's beautiful anthem, " Hear my prayer," was sung; the duet by Miss Stephens and Mrs. W. Knyvett. The solo, " Take heed unto me," was given by Miss Stephens, with all the pathos and feeling for which she is so justly celebrated, and was listened to with marked attention, .as was also the recitative, " My heart is disquieted," which was sung by Mrs. W. Knyvett : the chorus was very effectively performed. After the prayers *ere concluded, an anthem of Greene's was sung. The duets, " Thou, 0 God, art praised in Sion," and " Thou shalt show us wonderful things," &c. were sung by Mr. Braham and Mr. Terrail. The latter gentleman gave the solo, " Blessed is the man," &c., in excellent style. At the conclusion of the sermon, Mr. Vaughan and Mr. Phillips sung Dr. Boyce's exquisite duet, " Here shall soft charity repair," with great taste and feeling. When the congregation were retiring from the Church, Sir George Smart, performed a voluntary, and admirably displayed the brilliant tones of the organ. The collection amounted to 4961., which included a donation of 1501. from their Graces the Duke and Duchess of St. Albans. ATTEMPT AT iVIuRnER.—At a late hour on Saturday night, two men, Thomas Brennan and Thomas Ryan, went into an eating-house in Grafton lane, which is kept by a man named Grannan. They called for a quart of porter, which was given them. When that wai'drunk they called for another quart. In the interim they went to the window, and were for some time looking out, when, on a sudden, Ryan asked Brennan if a person fell out of the window, whether, in his opinion, he would be killed ? To this strange query Brennan having replied in the affirmative, the other thought to heave him out, as if to try, by the standard of fact, the truth of his con jecture. The assassin having been foiled in this horrible attempt, was nevertheless resolved on the work of destruc tion. He accordingly pulled out a razor, and plunged it into the belly of his victim, thus inflicting a dreadful, and, it is feared, a mortal wound. The poor sufferer was in stantly removed to Mercer's Hospital, and the inhuman offender is remanded for further examination. He now pretends to be insane. Before he made any attempt, he said to Brennan—" Two or three of you have been plotting my destruction, but now I have you in iny power."— Freeman's Journal. A GLIMPSE OF PERU. Extract of a letter from a native of this neigh botirlidoa in Peru, to hih friend in Edinburgh : " Arica, Lower Perii Sept. 4, 1626. " The climate of this place is . of the triost beautiful kind: From its Proximity to the Equator there is little or no difference in the length of the day and night through the year ; the sun always rises about six, and sets within half an hour of the same time in the afternoon. In the evening, a little before sunset, a little dew Begins to fall, and this continues till about sun rise, but is hardly sufficient to give a tinge of dampness to the sand. By eight in the morning the solar beams have dried up the vapours of the night, and, except that the surrounding mountains strive for maptery with the clouds by which they are envelop&l, and exhibit appear-, ances which only the Sierras and the atmosphere Of South America can produce, the climate at this hour bears a strong resemblance to the fine mornings of June at home.. By eleven o'clock it gets pretty warm ; but regularly at this hour a fine fresh breeze sets in fi om the south, and comes over the mighty Pacific tempered with the cool ness of its waters. This continues always until the heat of the day is past, and by four in the after noon all is calm and temperate ; so that if you wish to form an estimate of the climate here you may just fancy a continual repetition of the finest days in the end of an English June. In the midsummer months of December, January, and February, it must, of course, be a good deal warmer ; but the peculiarities of the face of the country—the everlasting snow which covers the Cordilleras of the Andes—and the proximity of the great Southern Ocean, will al ways secure Lower Peru from the burning heats of the parallel latitudes in Asia and Africa. With a climate like this, Britain would be a Paradise ; but, wanting water, Peru is a bleak and melancholy desert. Perhaps the greatest privation which the traveller experiences in a dis tant country, next to the want of the society of his friends is the want of information on matters which at home form the chief topics of conver sation ; for one must have acquired, by a resi dence of some length among a strange people, a mode of thinking differently from what he has been accustomed to, before he can take any in terest in the events which constitute the news of the country. Of what consequence, for instance, can it be for me to hear debates, for a whole evening, about the propriety of extending the laws of Peru to the kingdom of the Chiquito Indians ; about the elegibility of having a dance in the plaza on the feast. day of San Mateus ;' or of the immodesty of Senorita Maria in adopt ing the European practice of sitting on a chair, while all the black-eyed beauties of Peru think it far more becoming tulace their ,posteriors on a stage resembling a tailor's shop-board. Yet subjects of this sort must be put up with, the custom of the - country is a despotism, against which it is vain for any individual to strive ; and there is but one alternative—take the benefit of society, such as it is, upon its own terms, or shut yourself entirely from it ; prudence and common sense will not hesitate which to choose. " I heard much before I sailed, and on the passage, about the treachery and revengeful cha racter of the natives of the country ; and I con fess, when I first came on shore, I did not al together feel at case among them. For the first fortnight I always carried my pistols ; and before we went to bed, a regular warlike scene of pre paration invariably took place ; so that we were like soldiers who had got orders to be ready for a surprise upon a moment's notice. But a few days convinced us of the needlessness of our pre cautions. The kindness and affability we every where met with—the desire to _ serve and oblige us which every one evinced—the entertainments that were given to welcome us among them, soon convinced us of - the injustice of our preposses sions, and disarmed us of the unjust jealousy we had previously entertained. I can now feel my self as secure in Arica, as I would in Edinburgh, and am conscious that every day I meet with more genuine kindness than any foreigner, with' no higher pretensions, would receive in .Scotland. " The institutions of civil government, in in fant states like this, take some time before they can have any influence 'upon the happiness or se curity of the people ; and hence the republics of South America are now, and will for a long time continue to be disturbed by commotions, fo mented by general ignorance, or the ambition of some particular influential individual. There is no protection for person or property beyond what might and main strength affOrds. When a person gets indebted to you, and does not choose to pay, there is but one resource, seize what you can belonging to him. Should a murder, indeed take place, or any serious personal injury be done, recourse may be had to the Alcalde or Magis trate, a decent old man, who has the power of life and death vested in him, and who does not trouble himself with any judicial forms in the inquiry he institutes : if he thinks the criminal guilty, he orders him down to the beach, and he is imme diately shot. Sometimes he puts a person in the guarda,' or prison, upon a simple com plaint ; upon the grounds, 1 suppose, that if he is not guilty now, he may soon be. One of the seamen of the Potosi, who used some mutinous language to one of the officers, was sent on shore, and put in jail, where he remained as long as that place was the residence of the Colombian soldiers who were here ; but a despatch came from Arequipa for them one morning, and they set off; leaving Smith, the seaman, in possession of the keys ; he came 'out, of course, and walked about the streets for several days, with the keys iu his hand, apparently considering himself ac countable for them, as he repeatedly offered them to Spaniards whom he met, but they neither un derstood his language, nor were willing to take his charge ; and Smith continued for a fortnight to make the prison his lodgings at night, till he, at last, got a ship, and went off, keys and all, having first locked the door. When Bolivar wants soldiers, he sends down and surrounds the church during service, and when the congrega tion is dismissed, a most lamentable scene takes place :—all the young men whom the officer fixes upon are picked out, and hurried away to Taena, to be examined and clothed, amid the most woeful lamentations of wives, and mothers, and sisters.—This has taken place once since our arrival. I mention these things to show you that on some occasions, Old England for ever,' is a very national exclamation. 4' We have had several earthquakes lately ; indeed a week rarely passes without one, but they never do much injury. If a house or two fall, the people are generally all in the open air before .it takes place, and their continual fears makes them much more acute in discovering the first symptoms of 'a shock than a stranger can be. In the interior of the desert shocks are felt, and hills displaced almost every day. You in Eng land know better what is likely to be the result of our mining speculations than we can do here ; for my own part, since I have seep the country? I would as soon think of lifting Arthur's Seat in the car of a balloon, as taking the cargo of the Potosissix hundred miles over almost inaccessi ble mountains—but money is all powerful. We have had twelve hundred mules to begin with, waiting at the nearest pasturage these some months ; and if a hundred or two thousand pounds could be raised by bills on England, I have little doubt but the greater part of the cargo could be got across. The late distresses in Eng land, however, has created an universal panic, and no one will be easily brought to advance on drafts at any premium.—Edinburgh Observer. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. FRENCH PAPERS. (From the Gazette de France, Oct. 2.) BUCHAREST, SEPT. 11.—According to the ac counts from Smyrna, which have been received by way of Constantinople, nothing was yet known so late" as the With of August of the arrival of the Egyptian fleet in the Greek seas. People began to think that the Viceroy had let his fleet sail only to a certain latitude, merely to show his submission to the Sultan ; but that after being made acquainted with the convention of the Gth of July, he may have been afraid of exposing his fleet to some dangers on the coast of the Morea. Orders have been received at Silistria to provision the fortresses on the Danube. . BARCELONA, SEPT. 22.—The Governor of Puy cerda has addressed to the inhabitants the following Proclamation, dated the 16th of this month :-- I will recommend to the King, my master, your fidelity at a time when the greater part of the inhabitants of the principality of Catalonia have fallen into the snares of per fidy. Manresa, Vich, Berga, and other places, may serve you as an example, to avoid the disasters which you would inevitably experience if you were to submit to the rebels, though but for a short time. Behave with valour which characterizes you, while troops, faithful to the King, will soon come from all quarters to utterly destroy the rebellion. Your families, your fortunes, your lives, depend upon your energy: Do riot regard the trifling sacrifices which your own defence may require, because you may be persuaded that you will have to pay a thousand times as mach to the rebels, if you submit to their enormous and illegal exac tions of every kind. Let the rich and well-disposed come forward. Let the good servants of the King unite with out fear and without delay, for the defence of his Royal rights; and you shall see me immediately at your head, to form a barrier which the rebels cannot pass, under our in violable motto " Our Holy Religion for ever ! Our Ivell beloved Sovereign Ferdinand VII., for ever ! (Signed) MANUEL PERALES, Governor, ad interim. Letters from Saragossa say, that a conspiracy in favour of the r ebels of Catalonia had been discovered in that city, and that 20 persons of distinction had been arrested, among whom are Major-General Aran, Frigillo, a guerilla chief during the time of the Con stitution; CAlonel Leon, abrigadier ; and the brothers of Generals Capape and Freyre. (From the Conrrier Francais of Monday.) PARIS, SEPT. 30.--A report is spread that the affairs of the Greeks have taken a more favourable turn : that a Russian Consul to the Greek Govern ment has been appointed, and that Count Capo d'lstria was going to be officially recognized as Pre sident of Greece by the three Allied Powers. (From the Conititutionne/.) (EXTRACT FROM A PRIVATE LETTER.) MADRID, SEPT. 20,--General Monet, on the 14th instant, at Coma del Tren, a large valley about a league from Tarragona, fought an action with the rebels, in which he had two horses killed under him, and was completely beaten. The rebels then drove him into Tarragona, where he has shut himself up with two regiments of royal troops ; they are now besieging him in that place. It is said to be the news of this fight, joined to that of the desertion to the insurgents of more than a third of the royal troops, which has determined his Majesty-to set out post. The King has sent the Governor of Tarragona an order to go . to Barcelona on the morning of the 27th, when his Majesty will arrive, and he has invited the Central Junta of Government established by the in surgents at Manresa, to repair to Tarragona on the 28th, to confer with him, promising that there shall be none of the superior Military or Civil Authorities at Tarragona now established there, and chat he will enter alone with his suite and weak escort. It is doubted whether the Junta of the insurgents would obey this invitation. It is thought that the fall of M. Ballasteros, whose financial measures have done the greatest injury to Catalonia, the most industrious, commercial, and manufacturing province, will be the inevitable result of the King's journey. It would then be difficult to prevent that of M. Calomarde from soon following, notwithstanding his present fa vour. , The Insurgents have totally destroyed the famous paper manufactory at Olot, belonging to Ca lomarde ; they have also shot the foreman of the Worics.' This manufactory made many malcontents, because M. Calomarde, profiting by his position, not only furnished paper to all the offices of his de partment,but also to those colleagues (even when the Duke de L'lnfantado, who also has paper manufac tories, was Minister of State), and, in consequence, the greater part 'of the other paper manufactories established in Catalonia sold hardly any. It is many things of this kind which have brought about the revolution in Catalonia. . . . Two regiments of Royal troops, in going through a pass called the Col de Balaguer, were surprised and cut in pieces by 6,000 insurgents, commanded by a stranger, whose name, and even country,, is yet un known here. The insurgents have lately circulated throughout Catalonia, even in Barcelona, a Procla mation in the King's name, in which a full and per -feet amnesty is granted for all political opinions and crimes to all Spaniards, from 1808 to the pre sent day. It is no longer bands which form the in surrection, but a levy en-masse. The last letters from Galicia announce general discontent to be prevailing in that province ; a gene ral rising is apprehended there in opposition to that in Catalonia. In Galicia the cry would be—Viva la Constitution. (111.1VATI coaitxSPONDYNCE. ) SEPT. 22.—The King left the Escurial this morn ing, and his suite was augmented only by one per son, M. Salcedo, Private Secretary to his Majesty; some letters indeed announce that the King will be soon followed by the Duke de L'lnfantado and by the Bishop of Leon. If this were to take place the three most noted chiefs of the Apostolic party would be with the King; but the journey of these three personages is doubted by those who are habitually best informed of Court intrigues. Although the King will pass quite near to Saint Philip de Xativa and Valencia, his Majesty will enter neither of these towns. Almost the whole of the Army of Observation has set out for Arragon, and a body of eight thou sand men are to assemble in the neighbourhood of Daroca, a town about fifteen leagues only from Sara gossa. Although the decree announces to the Coun cil of Castile that the King will repair to Tarragona, his Majesty seems as if going to Barcelona, for the orders given here to the post-office are for all des patches to be sent to the latter town. The last reports of M. Campo-Sagrado announce that the insurgents have 6,000 regimented men, the greater part of them old soldiers. His Excellency adds, that 20,000 may be estimated as the number who have arms in their hand, and in a greater or less state of organization. Different reports are abroad concerning decrees already prepared, as it is said, and which are to be promulgated, as is supposed, during the King's journey, it is also asserted that these decrees have new proscriptions and changes in the Administra tion for their object, which would lead us to a more terrible state of rigour than that we experienced under the Ministry of Don Victor. It is true that these are only reports, and twat) be received with reserve; but it is certain that the Ki n g's journey was determined upon the Ist inst. and the great secrecy observed in the whole trans action seems to indicate tha it will give birth to important events. PRICES OF STOCKS THIS sank Stock 3 per Cent. Red 3 per Cent. Cons. 87 in 7 Bfl 3!4 per Cent. Ditto fled. 1 per Cent. New 100% 1 100% Ditto, 18211 Bank L. Anil. India Stock Ditto Bonds OS 91, pm. PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS Austrian Bends, 5 per cent Brazilian 80nd536%% Buenos Ayres Bonds Chilian Bonds, 6 per et Colombian Bonds Ditto, 1824 Danish, 3 per cent. ...61%% Greek Bonds Ditto, 1825 • 1514 Guatemala Maxican Bonds D). 1825 48 % '4 8 PRICES OF SHARES THIS Brazilian Mining Co.. Bolivar Mining Co. Potosi La Paz and Peruvian /I Ditto Consolidated PRICES OF IRIS Bank Stock' Consols, 3 per cent. Gov. Stock, IN percent. 92% 1 A Ditto, New 92% 4 per Cent. STOCKS, OCT. 1. St. Patrick lnsur. (per it,) _— Royal Irish Ditto National Ditto Patriotic Ditto Hibernian Bank Ci`o;'. Deb. 334 per cent.... 93 2g Provincial Ditto Royal Canal Stock Grand Canal Stock Imperial Mine - City Deb. 4 pnt cent Mining Co. of Ireland ...... 37 Ballast Office Deb. 41.. et: - Commercial Buildings ...... Arrived. Due. I Arrived, Dne. O America 1 ! Hamburgh 0 O nazi! 0 0 Holland () O Buenos Ayres 1 Dublin O Flanders 0 0 Lisbon - 0 1 France O Gottenburgh 0 0 Mexico 1 1 Guernsey& Jersey. 0 1 Waterford 0 HIGH WATUR. AT LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORROW. Morning... 4 minutes after 2. j Evening.... 26 ininutes attest 2. r h w, cgly ? , - A • 4%17; (iL IT 1 1 ".. 11 7 LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 4, 1827. We received last night the French Papers of Monday, and the Gazette. de France dated Tuesday morning. The latter contains an article , from Bucharest, dated the 11th September, but the intelligence received there from Constan tinople came . down only to the 28th of August' , when nothing was known of the Egyptian fleet. Orders had been received to provision the for tresses on the Danube. The accounts from Spain leave no doubt that the insurrection will shortly extend itself to every part of the kingdom. If the private ac counts are to be depended upon, the Royal c ,Hv a h u iis s ei fortress he disastrousbaxd state. General - I ‘l ° N e in is MAJESTY a w p t taken according to these accounts, has been completely defeated in a great battle near Tarragona, in regiments, and was besieged by the rebels.- - " ec teedu r e t oa f r u r: e witha Tarry a two gona on the 27th ult., and had grac i ous ly i n vited the Central Junta of Government established at Manresa to repair thither to confer with him It is not likely, howevef, that men who ha ve gone the lengths which the leade rs-of th e rebe l. e lion have done, will be decoyed into a cage by FERDINAND, unless any secret understanding exists with his MAJESTY ; but will prefer following the course which they have already adopted with so much success. The prin cipal people of the provinces are every where joining the Insurgents, and while the flame i 9 spreading through those parts of the kingdom in which it first broke out, indications have appeared in Gallicia and other distant provinces of an ar proaching rising. From one extreme end of the kingdom to another, a spirit seems to be growing up of opposition to the existing state of things , and however extraordinary the immediate objects of the rebellion appear to be, the effect sooner or later must be to regenerate the nation, and pure it of the curse of its present contemptible Go' vernment. Extracts of the Papers are given in another column. FRENCH FUNDS, Ucr. I.—Half-past Two.—Five Pe r Cents. 101 f. SOc. ; Three per Cents. 72f. 2.5 e. Since writing the above, we understand that an express has been received from Paris, bring' ing the price of the Three per Cents. lower' viz. 71f. 80c. A private letter, by the salv e opportunity, states that the Egyptian fleet, coo' sisting of one hundred sail, had entered NaTE rin on the 3d of September, and that * MY c f the vessels were Austrian. If this be true, indicates pretty clearly what sort of n eutralitl a the Cab er . ents. ine of Vienna A t fewdayswlinuabitritiiains withiginattersche to a ße te ll s i t: t he Austrians to declare for and possibly compel or against the interests of the Sublime Sultan. The cause of Greece has suffered more from the villainy of professed friends than from th e vengeance of the enemy. It is disgraceful t° , Austrian policy, crooked as it has generally beeth to have abused the confidence of the unhappY Greeks, merely to serve particular viewsofaggraw dizement, or to maintain the balance of power the sacrifice of so much Christian blood ad misery. But the day of retribution though slow, will nevertheless come, when Austris will repent having followed so scrupulously tie heartless policy of Prince METTERRiaII' It is reported that the Egyptian fleet defeated Lord COCIIRANE on his passage, an ci that his Lordship was killed on the occasion' We disbelieve the report. We received last night Dutch Papers of th e 2cl' inst. An article from Vienna dated 200 Sept., mentions that the Infant DON MIGUO had not then returned -from his excursion to O. frontiers of Styria, but was daily expected. It is mentioned under date of Trieste, Sept' 17, that according to letters from Constantinopl e : i a report was current there that the English 1 1 ° taken possession of Napoli di Romania, in name of the three Powers whose mediation Al l° SULTAN had rejected. The same paragre states that t tranquil—tro frontiers- of tt tian fleet had extract relativ an anonyinou Brethren of excited the ( JESTY :- BOTTT RDA 31, priblication, " formed Church, sequence of wh his Majesty, in affair had come his displeasure, ; 'his object and d lion or trouble i Bret that what retain his Majel .do nothing that tranquillity of tl The King ha with displeasure dering his decla mission, the . k notice of this preacher will rupt the peace himself accordir DAY AT ONE O.CLOCK. South Sea Stock Old Annuities New Ditto Ex. Bills, £l,OOO 2d.59 60pm. Ditto 4OO 2d. 50 60 pm. Ditto Small ...... 2d. 59 61 pm. Ditto Commercial pin. Bank for Account 21 7. India for Account Cons. for Acct B7 ~/4 THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. Neapolitan, IE2 t - Peruvian ponds — Portuguese Bonds • — Prussian, 5 per cent. Ditto, New .— Russian, New 92 %'4 36, Spanish, 1821 — I 523 — French Rentps, sp. c. —t —c. \---- Exchange —I. —c. -- 3 per cent r. --c. -- Exchange —f. —c. DAY AT Ora O'CLOCK. Paid. Per Share.. 20 50% 831, 3 3 kssoc. £2 i s. Germati Zeitung of night. The deavoured tc in his doinit prohibitili g t.l 4e school s o The folhy r - • BERLIN S - e his Majesty th e Jesuits' Scho• of their children ti Prussian Jew' iti sures which a re Government. If our ultrt no their princif des the Prussian . Ef lam e mortifjcaf has already • pr o The ar itur nr this year.. Al: selves. b the reviews, as n (PI )1'4 1 1 ; - i . 1 ; 11):i:ahv'tdtr' that hh 4 t et i t nit e ' e °r h Yi n e tsA i n y ': s ad t cl r e , e : h re bi a e c a n x t l K l is 'e br :l n ot- p Pe eo v i tss e : e n ib r ld rz y l e d t. a en v ' sr i ITn strangers, 'will not be eith it originated in retain what is r Prfiud ices. vozne days khe pnces have Wool still in tthes CirelllTlstani ° 0 0 1:1 xpecte which will give e ti ° , lll ,,,. i ng to an r-deetre f r • ° esule fi 44 ' %ran, ant The Chad c o ,„ ' , inue to h 'x , Yellow fey We have .` )14 . 1 1 Atrieti 10 t he 9th ul skirt s an y i nVOrtall ', 1 . °1.11 1 occurri ' i ° infinit e s of th e %them St c " 1 1 Ca ro li 11 ' 4 th h a d b Btll , but they t he e vent. I dated July p Acxx 61. " and fl ans, who kn i-efsistance. secured, and from Bogota LIVAR had motion to South, and would soon I by the Exect communicatic LI VAR, acqu of the Senate the Presidem no less hone served by the "FRANCISCO PA SIMON 13( " Sir_ your lie of Colombia and I presume to submit to the possession hy t Y e ; rr u en e a w ft e i t t r h cg. i oc t o 4 rodnni t Br, have dictated an i I I d : 01 i le u aihtm, a:ypso o pu rt f yci eh t gla h wrnt e eij i lelt r elv re etenini, sci I listened it ti vefl e dne b ee i ba.di , et i so n a u t ch tl i :e s I n.tbc_e be and that it will ant and glorious express-by antici 'ate me from the the the favour t( Public in this sts tire liberty with acted in binding caus e; • still, ho, knovvled ge, w en , " I can offe r y Cons, and a soul consecration to r espect for the la k l I zil ya i l lu te p r p a o t r io t n l . ent a ny thing in my x t ett will find nol "'lre to co:operl