The Sun. — London, England, 1861-09-17 00:00:00

LAST WEEKS OF ALFRED MELLON'S PROMENADE CONCERTS. THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT-GARDEN. The following Vocalists will appear during the Week :- 3,1d11e. PAREPA, Mdlle. FLORtOCE LANCIA, Mdile. MTI,,kuRA BAXTER, Miss S. COLE, Mr. G. PERREN, an d r. WEISS. - - BAND OF NEARLY 100 PERFORMERS. An entire Symphony by a great Master every Evening this Week. Overtures, Operatic Selections, Polkas, Quadrilles, Galope, Waltzes, Songs, Solos, by the principal performers, etc., Sco. To-morrow (WEDNESDAY), a BEETHOVEN NIGHT. On SATURDAY next a VOLUNTEER NIGHT, when Beethoven's Battle Symphony will be given. Commence every Evening at 8. Promenade, 10. conductor, Mr. ALFRED MELLON. THEATRE. ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Baokstone. rurri mvPlNrNrr, the nerterrasneep will enmmenso with FAINT HEART NEVER . WON FAIR LADY. After which, a new Comedy, entitled THE SOFT SEX. Mr. C. Mathews, Mr. Buckstone, Mr. Compton, Mr. E.Villiers, Mrs. Char!es Mathews, Mrs. Wilkins. dm With THE CRITIC: Mr. C. Mathews. To conclude with the Ballet, BACCHUS AND ARIADNE. Commence a 7 ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. Manager —Mr. Edmund Falconer. EVERY EVENING, at Eight o'clock, the new and sw eet;g ful comedy, WOMAN ; or, Love a g ainst the World. Chars-ters by Messrs. Walter Lacy, Addison, Herman Vezin J. Robins, Mrs. Charles Young , Mrs. Weston, Miss Murr a y, and Miss Lydia Thomson. preceded by, each evening, the new and original farce entitled ['HE FETCHES; or, The Onconvanienee of Single Lite. Tim Lydia Thompso O'Reilly, n.Mr. Edmund Falconer ; M ary O ' BradY, SigB Prices as usual. Doors open at half-past 8, to commence at 7 Box-office open daily from 11 till 5. NEW TFIRATRE-ROYAL , ADELPHI.- Sole Proprietor and Wanazer, Mr. B. Webster. This Theatre will RE-OPEN on MONDAY, September 23. when Mr. and Mr.. Dion Boncicattlt will re-appear in THE COLLEEN BAWN. This Dram% will be played for a limited number of nights durinz the preparation of the new American Drama, by Mr. D. Roucicauit, entitled THE OCTOROON; or, LIFE IN LOUISIANA. Box-office open on Thursday, Sept. 19. C NeERBIJRY HALL CONCERTS, AND FINE ARTS GALLERY. Mr. SAM COWELL every Evening at Nine and a quarter to El ven.—Also, grand Selections fro a TROVATORE, TRAVIATA, NORMA, MARTHA, Arc., by Miss Russell, Miss Ernst, Mr. Herbert, Signor Tivol, Mr. Morley, and a powerful Chorus. The Comic department comprises Messrs. Harvey and French, "The Nerves " Mr. Marshall—Mr. Wood and his talented Son and Miss Harriet Coveney, Musical Director, Mr. Jonghmans. Admission—Hall, Bd.; Stalls and Balcony, Is. T H E 0 X FORD, 6, OXFORD-STREET. EVERY EVENING. A Grand Selection from Verdi's new opera, " Simon Boc eanezra" (now produced for the first time in this country), by Mis 4 Russell, Messrs. C. Grevtlle, Tivoli, Greene, 'Worley, and Herbert ; also from Verdi's " Macbeth " by Madame Enderssohn and the entire Company. Full band and chorus. Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans. Varied Comic entertain ments by Messrs. M. P. Foster, Sam Collins, Harvey and French (the Nerves), E. Marshall, and W. RandalL Hall sixpenee ; Balcony and Stalls, one shilling. Private Boxes , 10s. 6d. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 12h. 46m.—Afternoon, lh. Bm. To-monnow.-Morning, lh. 28m.—Afternoon. lh. 47m. THE WEATHER....-SIIN OFFICE, SEPTEMBER 17, 1861, THEEMOXETER, IN THE MUM 0 —highest since noon yesterday.' 45 —lowest this morning and during the night. 57—this day at noon. Binommtnß-30.20 ; rising rapidly. Warm—Northerly to N.-E. moderate; with dull, cloudy weather. The Western and Irish coast were visited last week by Equinoctial gales, as we anticipated. f 7 k _ vr' 4 - 4 - 0 - ''(:?.-•;'i_2•.`' : ) • , ecorr c It , LE 4 ,,,,,t gar :Arb . ...r . 4 .... t.;Z - ,CVAYItt7 r's ' , no; :~ <~ THE SUN. LONDON, TUESDAY, SEPT. 17, 1861. Mr. NEWDEGATE has thrown new light on the position and prospects of America. We did not know before, if the hon. member be right, the real cause of the little expected strength of the South in its resistance of the North. Mr. NEWDEGATE can enlighten us. The South is strong because it has respected the law of Primogeniture, the North weak because it regards brothers and sisters as having equal claims on paternal Providence. The Sparkenhoe Farmers' Club meets at Market Bos worth, the place reminds the speaker of the decisive battle once fought there. And the able man who was vanquished and slain there--" one endowed with all the qualities that should make eminent the statesman, the soldier, and the monarch"—deserved his fall because he was the invader of all the sacred ties which the French have comprehended under the name of family, and we under that of home. Hence he proceeded to glorify England at the expense of France and of the Free States of America—" It was this love of domestic life that had rendered England pre- emi nent among the nations of the world. For the invasion of the sacred rights of the family in the first revolution, France has paid the penalty of 70 years of proved incapacity for freedom. Why have not the Northern States of America pre vailed over the South, possessing as the Northern States do a majority of population, a vast prepon derance of means, and the command of the ocean and the shores of America ? It is (and he spoke from personal observation) because, however, pol luted by slavery, however degraded by the means necessary to supply the slave-markets, still the patriarchal principle of the family is stronger in the South than in the North of the United States; for, in the North, by the abolition of the law of primogeniture, by casting their children too early on the world, Americans have weakened family ties, the connection of the family, and have thus introduced elements of disorganisation, which have hitherto rendered a necessary discipline of their forces and success both impossible. Of such vital national importance are the sacred principles which England vindicated for herself at the Battle of Bosworth, and which you recognise by the patri archal character of the meetings of this well-deserv- log society." The Southern chivalry will, we are sure, transmit their politest bow, by telegraph if they can, to the member for Warwickshire, and assure him that no Englishman has adverted to American affairs, especially to the South, with half the in. teiligence which he has shown before the Sparken hoe Farmers. It is true that there are shades even on the honours awarded by Mr....NEWDEGATE to the Southern arisocracy an d primogeniture; and the darkest shade of all, is its affinit y • with slavery. If the hcnourable member had inquired why th e Southern States retained slavery while the Northern had got rid of it, so far as this question is con corned, no one will deny the testimony f A • Dunc an history. And that history teaches that it was not merely that plantations were more numerous in the South than in the North ; but that the South was predominantly aristocratic—Royalist, indeed, as long and as much as it could be—while the North was Republican. These patriarchal primogeniti found it quite natural to insist on the unequal birth of men. If they, for purposes of Federal defence, united under a constitution pros claiming that all men were born free and equal, it was with an implied reserve as to the colour of their skin. From the position that the good luck of being the first-born made a man the lord of his brethren and sisters, it was natural to believe also that ' ail men born white were lords of all born black. We have never had the least doubt that to the genuine aristocratical planter of the dominant portion of th e ilc 'utb—dominant not only over the slaves but over the m ean whites also —was due the retention of slavery, a nd e heartless logic which culminates in th e infernal di ctum of the jud ge w h o, , decided th a t % bl ack 131 the highest court of America man had no rights which a white man was bound to respect. Mr. NEWDEGATE must, therefore, not speak of slavery as a polluting accident : primogeniture, the wicked degradation of the negro race, and the connected degradation of the non-slaveholding whites, are related as cause and effect. Aristocracy and slavery, in America, are parent and child. It is a long stride to take from Warwickshire to Missouri; also, we may be allowed to say, from Mr. NEWDEGATE to General FREMONT ; yet thither doth Mr. NEWDEGATE'S remarks and the news of the day lead us; and with great relief. The proclama tion of General FREMONT, which we now have in full, is worthy of the man. It suggests to us what America lost when the sleek Pennsylvanians in stalled their oily-tongued, hard-hearted BUCHANAN, as President, instead of the sound-hearted General. Had he been elected then, before the conspirators had had four years to conspire for Secession, in the event of a Free-soiler being placed in the Pre sidential Chair, we should have had no rebellion. The General would have been a second JACKSON, and have told DAVIS at once that if he moved against the Union he would hang him. Had he now been in LINCOLN'S place he would not for ever have harped upon legal and constitutional technicalities. If the constitution itself were threatened he would have dealt with facts, not with fictic•ns. An American describes LINCOLN'S position thus :—" It is a lamentable fact that the constitu tion of the United States does not unquestionably recognise the right of American citizens to hold slaves. Loyal and liberal-minded Americans feel this ; but, looking upon the PRESIDENT as the chief servant of the people, not their master, they know that it is his duty to administer existing laws, not to make new ones. Mr. LINCOLN cannot, therefore, be expected to proclaim universal eman cipation; but he has done the next thing to it, viz., set his face against the further extension of slavery ; and be is prepared to oppose it by all constitutional means. Hence the hatred of those politicians who seek to perpetuate slavery, to the name and Govern ment of Mr. LINCOLN.' Now General FREMONT could not, more than ABRAHAM LINCOLN, have acted otherwise while there was no rebellion. What we believe of FRE MONT is, that when the South had organised and armed itself, without the shadow of a constitutional reason, against the Republic, he would not have given them the benefit of the constitution while they were in arms against it His language would have been, " Gentlemen, while you are loyal to the consti tution I must acknowledge that I am bound by one of its clauses, bad as I hold it to be, to respect your claim to your slaves—but if you kick the constitution overboard, we also kick slavery overboard, and hence, therefore, we proclaim all your slaves to be free. In fact General FREMONT, far away in Missouri, is doing pretty much as Sir JOHN LAWRENCE did in the Punjaub, He is acting as pro-consul, and doing what the situation requires. What cares he, as CARLYLE would say, for " formulas," He sees that slaveholders have thrown all things ihto anarchy in Missouri, therefore, says he, no more slaveholding. Forth comes a scheme of martial law, drawn with admirable clearness ; each man under it can clearly see the way to the bullet and the halter, if he likes to risk it. "All persons," he says," who shalt be taken with arms in their hands within these lines shall be tried by court-martial, and if found guilty will be shot. The property, real and personal, of all persons in the State of Missouri who shall take up arms against the United States, or who shall be directly proven to have taken active part with their enemies in the field, is declared to be confiseated to the public use, and their slaves, if any they have, are hereby declared free men." This last clause has astounded all at Washington ; (the timid quake for Kentucky and Tennessee; the President would like to disown it, bat he dare not quarrel with FREMONT, while all the bolder and better spirits, the men of realities, the men who want a cause worth fighting for, applaud and rejoice. Instead of speculating ourselves, we subjoin the remarks of an American New York correspondent, expressing, as he does, with, we may presume, better means of judging what we should expect to be about the truth :—" To return," he writes, "to FREMONT in Missouri, nearly all the strength of the rebels is among the slaveholders, with their relatives and dependants. Where slavery is strong, there is the rebellion strong. Where it is weak, the Union men are strong, and this is the case all over Missouri. Mark how quick this blow at slavery by FREMONT will subdue rebellion in the State of Missouri, where at the last accounts all is anarchy, and confusion, and danger of the rebellion driving every Union man out of the State. In Missouri the rebels will not listen to reason. They will continue war to the knife, until slavery is destroyed. Then they will be as submissive as they are harmless. So it will be all through the slave States. When the rebellion broke out there really was no idea of interfering with slavery. We com menced war to restore the Union, the Constitution, and our nationality. All this is changed. All now wish to see the cause of the rebellion exterminated. This sentiment will become so powerful that in six months all who oppose t will be crushed out. The South has made it absolutely necessary to abolish slavery, in order to save Union. This fact, now apparent, will make millions of Abolitionists. An after question will arise —what shall be done with the slaves ? One half would find instant employment in the great Free States. FREMONT has declared that the slaves of rebels shall become fr°e. This covers the whole ground. lam inclined to think that every slaveholder is a rebel. FREMONT has given the people a healthy electric shock. It will have one good effect—it will bring the subject of African slavery fairly before the people of the states of Kentucky, Missouri, and Tenness . ee. The Union men in those states will now conquer or be con- quered by slaveowners. True, it will be but a short contest. It will carry through with it the most tremendous results. Slavery is doomed in those states, and it is to be hoped that the state legislatures will hurry it on to its destruction." We suppose we must credit the story of Presi dent LINCOLN'S application to GARIBALDI to take the lead of the American troops in some capacity, though ;we confess the extreme absurdity of the idea leaves us still half sceptical. It could not be, however, for any unimportant mission that an official servant of the Washington Government hurried from Brussels and from thence to Caprera, and we are therefore bound to suppose that there must be something in it. How President LINCOLN, however, could so humble his country before all the world we can hardly think. The command in chief he could hardly dare to offer him; perhaps M'CLELLAN would have felt it no dishonour to serve under the older, and world renowned here, but we are by no mcanssure that with his regular training M'CLELLAN may not be even better qualified to superintend a campaign than GARIBALDI. Possibly the President might offer him his choice ofwork, well knowing that the great Guerilla Captain wouldinsti h n i e m ti s v ef. e l ly and intelligently select the right p ost for with not many And we must acknowledge that, exceptions, the American officers who have had separate commands have not shown themselves very competent for their work. But, with all the admiration which soldiers all over the world feel for GARIBALDI, we cannot believe that Americans would have given up their pride and jealousy in favour of GARIBALDI himself, whtn they found themselves required to obey and follow him without question. Nor is it easy to sup pose that he could inspire them with the enthu siasm which Italians felt when fighting with the most trusted of their fellow-countrymen for the freedom of their native land. Then the question of slavery. LINCOLN himself hangs back as yet on that subject. Can it be ima gined for a moment that the first condition of GARI BALDI would not be, if he could accept the service, that a proclamation of emancipation should precede him. On that condition, did more sacred claims not interfere, we have little doubt that GARIBALDI would serve in the war in almost any capacity. But his soul could tolerate no half measures on that point. If he went to America, it would assuredly be under the most stringent engagements thet he should not sheath the sword till every coloured man was as free as every white man. But, even with that noble enterprise conceded him, GARIBALDI could not leave Italy. He is its soul. All the noble spirits in Italy are one with him, and the fire of his patriotism is felt throughout the entire movement, yet incom plete. While Rome and Venetia, we might add, while Hungary too, are not free, Europe cannot spare GARIBALDI. He is wanted as the inspiration of the whole, and no mortal can say how soon he may be needed again as the Leader of all. Ame rica may shift without him, Italy cannot. For him to depart would be to leave her to scheming politicians. She would become the subject of bar gains and of contracts, which they dare not ven ture on while her beloved and invincible hero is at hand. We have no doubt that RICA SOLI is fully aware of the value of GARI BALDI. That Minister heartily desires the noblest things for Italy, but well he knows that the noble impulses which GARIBALDI alone can sustain in their full energy in Italy, are ess matial to his object. He may direct the flame of Italian patriotism, but GARIBALDI alone can feed and fan it. GARIBALDI cannot leave Europe. His loss would be felt from Rome, through Venetia to Vienna and Pesth, and even to Warsaw. We see with satisfaction that the authorities of the Admiralty and the Board of Trade have at ength profited by the example of that excellent association, the National Life Boat Institution, in protecting the lives of those employed in their ser vice. The great risks run by the crews of the coast guard stations on the exposed parts of our shores have long attracted attention, and the immi nent peril .to which these brave men often expose themselves in attempting to succour shipwrecked persons, render their claims still more deserving of notice. It is proposed to provide the men with cork life belts on the same plan as those supplied by the Life Boat Institution to its crews. At certain stations, most exposed to danger, these belts will be provided for use in the Coastguard boats, while at others, where the need is less, two belts will be allowed, with small buoyant lines attached, for the purpose of rushing into the surf to the rescue of drowning persons. Doubtless, if these had. been provided earlier, many lives might have been saved, for it often happens that men swimming for their lives from wrecks perish close to shore, their exhausted energies being unable to struggle through the breakers. We may therefore share the hope, confidently expressed, that the men employed at these stations will be able to render still more effectual help to the distressed mariners when provided with this means of safety to themselves ; for, althongh we cannot quest ion the ccurage of British sailors or their readiness to lend a hand in succouring those in distress, it is not every one that will expose his own life to imminent peril for the uncertain chance of assisting a total stranger. To reckon upon this is to expect a crew of heroes in stead of ordinary seamen, and, indeed, many a man who would willingly risk his own life might justly hesitate before he ventured the sole support of a whole family. These belts, which have been found of such signal service by their original em ployers, will therefore be of the greatest utility in such positions, and we trust the authorities will not be too sparing in supplying them. The economy so much recommended to governmental officials generally shows itself in matters of absolute neceasity where a liberal expenditure would be not only justifiable but highly advisable. No one, we should imagine, could cast their eye over the reports of the annual shipwrecks on the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland, without being startled by the list of brave men and good ships paid as our annual sacrifice to the sea we profess to rule. If another report could be prepared stating how many men might have been saved by the use of life belts, and how many vessels might have escaped destruction by the existence of more frequent harbours of refuge and Ilife -boat stations, we apprehend that our lauthorities would be somewhat s t ar tl e d and the public somewhat indignant. The means to bring . about some degree of improvement is, however, in their own hands. Let them assist the efforts of the admirable Institution we have alluded to, and assist its exchequer now, we regret to say, greatly in want of funds. Voluntary efforts, and societies whose origin or organisation owes nothing to Government, often work while Boards and Com mittees are dreaming. Ragged schools have given the rudiments of mental and moral training to a good many thousands of neglected children, before the contending parties of theorists had settled upon what foundations to raise their grand structure of national education. Doubtless, on such weighty matters grave deliberation is necessary ; but chil dren were growing up ignorant heathens mean while, and so when men's lives are at stake every stormy day we grow somewhat impatient of official routine and delay. Let us all, then, do what we can, and u.e the means in our power, instead of waiting for impossible improvements in matters out of our reach. The National Lifeboat Institution is one of the most deserving of our charitable asso ciations, and we hope that its influence with the Government may increase as rapidly as its favour THE SUN, LONDON,I TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 17, 1861. Viscount Canterbury left town yesterday for Doncaster for the rac) week. Lady Hall has arrived at the Queen's Hotel, Upper Norwood. The Hon. Mrs. '..larleton and Miss Carleton have arrived at Farrance's Hotel from Bognor. Mr. and Mrs. .lobeit Steuart, of New York, have arrived at Maudgy's Hotel from Italy. Mr. and Mrs. J. Howard Wainwright have arrived at Howchin'h Hotel from New York. Mr. and Mrs. tames J. Bibby and the Misses Bibby have arrived at Howchin's Hotel from Liverpool. Mr. and Mrs. F. C. Elridge have arrived at Howch;n's Hotel from New York. Mr. and Mrs. John Colley have arrived at Howchin's Hotel fran Suffolk. DEATH OF SIR GEORGE BARKER.—The news by the last Indian arrival of the death of Colonel Sir George Robert Barker, K.C.8., commanding the Royal Artillery in Bengal, has been received in England with expressions of profound regret. The deceased officer, so suddenly cut off in the prime of :ife, early distinguished himself in the Eastern campaign of 1854, and attracted the especial notice of Sir Colin Campbell, by whom he was taken by the hand, and advanced to positions where his talent and skill found an ample field for extension. He successively commanded the Royal Artillery in the expedition to Kertch, and also in the left attack on the fall of Sebastopol. In India, during the late mutiny, he again met his old General, Lord Clyde; and under him, as a brigadier-general, he com manded the siege artillery at the siege and capture of Luck 'now. He likewise defeated the rebels in force at Jamo, and captured the fortress of Bit wa, for which distinguished services he was made a Knight Commander of the Bath. We may venture to say that the prospects of few officers in the service were more bril'iant, or more appreciated by the country at the moment of his lamented death, than those of the subject of ow brief memoir, whose loss has cast a gloom over the headquarters of the regiment, with which all who personally knew the peculiar courtesy and urbanity which characterised him will sincerely sympathise. Army and Navy Gazette. PRESERVATION OF LIVES FROM SHIPWRECK.— We are glad to learn that theßoard of Trade, in conjunction, we believe, with the Admiralty, have decided to supply the crews of the coastguard stations on exposed parts of the shores of the United Kingdom with cork lifeboats, on the same plan as those provided by the National Lifeboat Insti tution to its crews. The men of this important branch of the public service, who have so often risked their lives in attempts to succour shipwrecked persons, will, it may be hoped, be thus enabled to perform still more efficacious ser vice when provided with this means of safety to themselves. We are informed that at certain stations, where deemed ne cessary, they will be provided for use in the coastguard boats, and that at other stations two belts, with small buoyant lines attached, will be allowed, for the purpose of rushing into the surf to the rescue of drowning persons. REDUCTION OF WAGES IN LANCASHIRE. The cotton spinners of Blackburn having decided to reduce the wages of their workpeople, as well as to work short time, the matter was discussed at a large meeting of delegates of the Associated Operative Spinners a Lancashire and the adjoining counties, held in Manchester on Sunday. A re solution was adopted, to the effect that the employers be earnestly and respectfully requested to reconsider their de cision, "because, while all admit that the present scarcity of cotton affords a well -grounded reason for the diminution of its consumption, and of i he production of yarns and goods, by running short time, this meeting of delegates cannot un derstand how a reduction of wages can be the means of pre venting an adequate supply of the raw material, or of find ing a profitable market for yarns, &c." One curious feature in the state of New Zealand (says a letter from Melbourne) is, that in spite of the war the colony seems to be flourishing. For some years gold in moderate quantities has been obtained in the province of Nelson, and last year it was found in the interior of the province of Otago, but it was in the high land, and the winter there is so severe, and the snow so deep, that, like the Snowy River, it could not be worked during the winter months. Lately, however, gold has been found much more abundantly at a place called Takaka, on the coast of the province of Otago, and some experienced miners from Vic- toria had •btained a large remuneration fur their labours. In spite of the war the balance of migrators is al ways against Victoria and in favour of New Zealand. THE LATE MR. JOHN FRANCIS, THE SCULPTOR. —This gentleman, whose death took place recently, was very eminent in his day as a sculptor, and also as having trained in their art some of our most rising sculptors. Mr. Francis was another instance of self-teaching, although his choice of a profession might almost be said to have been accidental. Mr. Francis, who was a native of Lincoln, be came, at an early age, a farmer in that county, but with a natural talent in the direction which ultimately determined his career. His wife was a near relative of the great Lord Nelson, and when he died Mr. Francis conceived the notion, which he carried out, of carving in jet a funeral car of the hero. This, and more especially a figure head of Victory, attracted the notice of the celebrated Mr. Coke, afterwards Earl of Leicester, who at once advised his going to London, and who became and continued his steady patron. Mr. Francis became a pupil of Chantrey, and was subsequently introduced by Mr. Coke to the leading men of the Whig party, of who he was during the whole of his career the special sculptor. He was a great favourite with William IV., and was patronized by the Duke of Sussex, the Dukes of Bedford, Norfolk, Sunderland, the Vernon family, and, generally speaking, the leading men of the Whig party. The patronage of the late King was continued by her Ma jesty Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort. When the late Duke of Saxe Coburg died Mr. Francis was commis sioned to execute a bust from the most inadequate mate rials. He had, in fact, to imagine the likeness, and he executed his task with such marvellous skill as to have com manded the warmest approval and acknowledgments from both the Queen and the Prince. Mr. Francis closed an honourable and successful career at the age of 81. He has left behind him a valuable collection of life portraits in marble, among which are those of her Majesty, Prince Albert, Earl Russell, Lord Brougham, and many other dis tinguished personages. Mr. Francis lived to see his faveurite pupils attain eminence. His daughter, Mrs. Thomycroft, is especially known by her admirable figures of the Royal children and g randchildren, which are remarkable not only for the fidelity of the portraits, but also for their artistic conception and execution. Mr. Thornycroft, her husband, is also known as a sculptor, whose aims are directed in the highest walks of his art. Matthew Noble and Joseph Dur ham, whose works are known far and wide, were also favourite pupils of Mr. Francis. A YOUNG LADY DROWNED AT ILKLEY.--The inhabitants of Ilkley have been thrown into a state of pain ful excitement by the melancholy death, by drowning, in the river Wharfe, of a young unmarried lady, 26 years of age, named Eliza Scott, whose parents reside at Gomersal, near Leeds, and occupy a respectable position in society. It appeared that Miss Scott had been for some time labouring under religious delusions, and was recommended by her medical attendant to spend a few weeks at Ilkley, at which place, accompanied by her mothcr, she arrived two or three days ag ). Mrs, Scott having occasion temporarily to ab sent herself, left her daughter in charge of the person with whom they lodged, whose vigilance, however, she unfortu nately contrived to elude, and was afterwards seen by two ladies proceeding at a rapid pace, without her bonnet, along the banks of the river. A splash was presently heard, and she was seen in the water, but on being taken out life was extinct. An inquest has been held, and there being the possibility of the deceased having accidentally slipped into the water, a verdict of " Found drowned, without any marks of violence," was returned.—Leeds Mercury. DREADFUL SEAQUAKE.--The Singapore Free Press gives an account of the seaquake that devastated Simo. one of the Batu group on the west coast of Sumatra, on the 9th March last :—Simo before the occurrence had 13 campongs or villages, four of which, however, although they bore the names of former campongs, only consisted of a single hut, the rest of the houses having from time to time removed to the other campongs. Besides these campongs, there were huts here and there, inhabited by persons who watched the cocoa nut trees, and by swineherds. Previous to the disaster of the 9th March there were on the island 120 houses and a population of 1,045; on this unlucky day 90 houses were destroyed, and 675 of the inhabitants, besides 103 temporary residents, lost their lives. Of the campongs nothing more is to be distinguished than the stones here and there, on which the Batu islander places the posts of his house, or serve as seats in the gatherings of the campongs, and the wells which are found near each campong. On some places were great piles of trunks of trees, beams, and plrukks of houses, clothes, and furniture, and amongst them the bodies of the dead, which had not yet been removed, tome in a state of decomplsition, others completely stripped of the flesh by the vultures, dogs, aid swine, of which last many were also drowned, bat a number still wandered in the jungle. These skeletons end bodies presented a dismal sight, and rendered the atzlosphere intolerable. It is for tunate that most of the bodies were carried into the sea, otherwise the tainted state of the atmosphere would pro bably have produced a contagious pestilence amongst the remaining population. The sea appears to have been most violent between the campongs Simo, Babanirege, and Lakao, on the west side ar, the island, where the greatest number of pet sons perished. According to the account of a survivor of the campong Babanirege, an earthquake was felt at the fill of the evening, shortly before the inundation. All the inhabitants then assembled, by order of the pungulu, on the open space in the middle of the campong, but a moment afterwards they tried to make their escape from thence, as they dreaded tlie fall of the houses, which were already tot tering. Thoy were driven back, however, by a rush of water whifAr approached from the back of the campong. Running back from this, they were overwhelmed by another ter rifle wave, which, out of 282 poisons, swept off 206. The itsformant lost his wife and three children, and was him• self, with other persons, swept into the jungle inland, where they were caught by the trees, or managed to hold on. According to the account of this man, as well Ps others, two waves met each other at this point, and wrought a fearful destruction. Large masses of rock were carried from the sea for 100 or 200 paces inland. with the public. The Princess Piombino and suite have left Cla ridge's Hotel for Paris. His Excellency the Prussian Minister and the Countess Bemshrti left the Prussian f egation last evening for Paris, in which capital they propose to make a very short stay. His excellency will meet the King of Prussia at Coblentz on the 20th instant, after which he will go to Berlin. His Excellency Lothrop Motley and family have returned to Maurigy's Hotel from Studley Royal, Ripon. The Duke of Beaufort has left Gopsall Hall, Leicestershire, for Doncaster. The duchess remains with the Earl and Countess Howe at Gopsall. The Duke and Duchess Magliani and a numerous suite have arrived at Claridge's Hotel from Rome. The Earl and Countess of Chesterfield have had a large party staying at Bretby Park, Derbyshire, durinK the past week. The Count Dimitri de Nesselrode has arrived, at Mimeo's Hotel from St, Potoreburg, LA rI EST NE Vf.' • AMERICA. LONDONDERRY, SEPT. 16. The Canadian screw steamer Hibernian, which arrived here this evening, passed the Jura on the voyage home. NEW YORK, SEPT. 7. (PER HIBERNIAN, via QUEBEC AND LONDONDERRY.) The Monticello and Harriet Lane have arrived at Fortress Monroe, from Hatteras. They report that the Confederates had abandoned a strongly fortified fort at Olerake Inlet, carrying away their guns. Numbers of North Carolinians were coming in to Fort Hatteras to take the oath of allegiance. Be tween 200 and 300 had done so in a day, some offering to take service in the army. The white flag was everywhere visible. Since the engagement at Hatteras, the North Carolina troops have been withdrawn from Vir ginia. Officers have arrived at Washington from George Heights, and report having heard heavy continuous firing on the morning of the 6th inst. It appeared to be partly in the vicinity of Munson's-hill, and above the Chain bridge. The cause has not been ascertained. The energy and activity of the army inspires the Government with confidence as to the successful maintenance of the Union. Vigorous efforts are being made in Washington to obtain the release of Mayor Berrett. Messages have passed between General Grant and the Kentucky Legislature with respect to the Confederates from Tennessee having entered Ken tucky and fortified strong positions at Hickman and Chalk Bluffs. Governor Harris, of Tennessee, telegraphed that the troops had landed without his knowledge, and that he had telegraphed to President Davis respect ing their immediate withdrawal. The Confederates have torn up the railway tracks between Hamilton and Selbina. Three schooners with a quantity of tobacco and other property, the latter belonging to Senator Daly, of Richmond, have been seized at Philadel phia under the Confiscation Act. (LATEST BY TELEGRAPH TO FATHER POINT.) NEW YORK, SEPT. 7, EVENING. Reports of the death of President Davis are still current, and are probably well-founded. Paduca (Kentucky) has been occupied by the Federal troops. A battle on the Potomac is considered imminent. The Confederates have advanced their outposts within three miles of Arlington. FRANCE. BOURSE, Sept. 16.—The market has been very buoyant, and a fair amount of business has been transacted at improved quotations. Threes, for the Account, are now at 69f. 20c. Railways firm, with a slight improvement on a few of the lines. The following are the last quotations :- 41 per per Cents ... 96 50 Credit F oncier 1175 Do end month.... 96 60 , Belgian 41 3 per Cents Do. end month 69 20 Roman Bank Shares 2930 Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 761 25 Spanish Threes — Do. Account 767 50 Home Debt .. 47 75 RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. • Orleans l4lB 75 .. 1420 "-- Northern - New, ditto 912 50, .. 912 50 Lyons and Mediterranean 1026 25 .. 1025 Geneva.. - .. 357 5) Southern - .. 661 25 Western Eastern .... Sardinian - .. 361 25 Austrian Lombard TURKEY. A despatch from Constantinople announces the death of M. Sokolski, the Bulgarian Bishop, whose recent conduct produced such deplorable results. He died in the convent near Kherson, to which he had retired, on leaving the Turkish capital. The Government of the Sultan has addressed a circular to its Ministers at the different European Courts, justifying its proceedings against the Mon tenegrins. It states that it has exhausted every means of concession and moderation, in endeavour ing to prevent the grievances caused among its sub jects by this little Principality. The Porte is bound to protect thoe subjects algainst violence, and the continual disorders arising from the attacks and excursions of the Montenegrins. It is now under the necessity of having recourse to arms, and Omar Pasha has received orders to commence the operations, and press them vigo rously. Finally, Turkey appeals to the justice of Europe, and expects its approval of the course adopted. THE GERMAN FLEET. The Committee formed in the Duchy of Gotha, to collect subscriptions towards the creation of a German fleet, having applied for the sanction of the Sovereign, has according to the National, of Ber lin, received the following reply from Duke Ernest : " The zeal of the German nation ought, indeed, to inspire us with great confidence, to enable us to rely on the success of any new efforts on behalf of a fleet, after the immense humiliation the Head of the Confederation itself inflicted on our patriotism, by the fate of our fist German Marine. But the happy idea of preserving our patriotic offerings from a doubtful destiny, and, on the contrary, securing them a glorious future, by placing them under the guai die nship of the Crown of Prussia, gives me hopes of the success of our good work." The Committee proposes that all the money raised in the Duchy of Gotha shall, if possible, be expended in building one ship of . war, to be called the Thuringia. HOLLAND. The King of Holland opened the Session of the Chambers yesterday, the 16th, at the Hague. His Majesty's speech contains but few references to general politics, but announces the presentation of a large number of measures effecting charges and improvements, social and material. The King spe cially congratulates the Chambers on the favourable state of the finances. While the other nations of Europe have been compelled to contract loans, Hol land has been able to continue the reduction of her public debt. Mr. Milner Gibson has been on a cruise in his yacht, the Resolute, in the latitudes of Norway and the Orkneys. The right hon. gentleman returned to Cowes at the close of last week, having put into Lowestoft for stores, &c., on his way down the eastern coast. BAKERS HELD IN ESTEEM BY THE ROMANS.— pakers were held in great esteem among the Romans, being incorporated with considerable privileges, and subjected to certain restrictions. " The fraternity of bakers, by the Roman laws, held their effects in common, and could not dis pose of any part of them. Each bakehouse had a patronus who had the superintendence thereof; these patroni elected one out of their number each year, who had the su perintendence over all the rest, and the care of the college. One of the body of bakers was at different periods chosen and admitted among the senators. To preserve honour and honesty in the college of bakers they were expressly prohLited all alliance w ith comedians and gladiators; each had his shop or bakehouse, and they were distributed into fourteen regions of the city. They were excused from guardianship and other offices which might divert them from their employment." We thus learn that bakers were thought more highly of in the times of the heathen Romans than we think of them now. Whoever heard of a baker among us becoming a senator? The baking system, as at present carried on, shuts out the men, and not a few of the masters, from the pleasures and enjoyments which should be common to all who labour. It would be a useful and instructive inquiry, if our Church and Dissenting ministers were to ascertain how many of the 12,000 journeymen bakers of the metropolis aro regularly in the habit of attending a place of worship. IRELAND. DUBLIN, MONDAY. SEVERITY OF THE WEATHER -SHIPPING DISASTERS. The gale of Friday night and Saturday, which swept with but comparative violence over the Iris% mainland and coast, broke with unmitigated force, as may well be conceived, on the Welsh coast. Scarcely had the Munster mail steamer got within the shelter of the harbour at Holyhead, when the gale broke with a suddenness and force only to be attained at the equinoxes. Crowds of vessels, prin cipally of small tonnage, ran for protection to that harbour, filling the enclosed area to a dangerous extent, and, failing of entrance, casting anchor in the roadstead, dangerous at once to themselves, as being exposed to all the risk of a lee-shore, and to the incoming and outgoing mail, express and cargo steamers, passing to and from Ireland. The first casualty of which an account has reached Kings town was found to have occurred some 20 miles west of holyhead, where four men were picked off with great difficulty by the Scotia, express Holy head and Chester railway steamer, from a schooner the Providence, laden with 140 tons of iron ore. The men when taken on board —they being in a very exhausted condition—stated that the schooner of which they formed the crew was about to founder in the gale, being heavily laden with iron ore. The next casualty occurred at midnight on Friday, owing, it is stated, to the crowded state of the harbour of Holyhead, and to the fact that the vessels in question carried no lights. The Admiral Moorsom, cargo and passenger boat, from the North Wall, Dublin to Holyhead, ran down a sloop, named the Alma, and sank her, a man and a boy being immediately drowned, a third escaping, the three having formed the crew of the unfortunate vessel. A schooner was Lt the same moment run into, her bowsprit and cutwater being carried away; but, happily, in this case no loss of life occurred: All incoming steamers were detained through the violence of the gale and the heaviness of the sea in the Channel. The Munster arrived at eight a.m. on Saturday, the incoming mail on the preceding evening being kept out till seven p.m., the detention in some measure, however, arising from the difficulty of getting clear of the crowds of shipping at Holyhead. The above, it is feared, are but a few of the casualties arising from the gale This (Sunday) evening the wind moderated, the mercury rising considerably. The Daily Express says :—" The accounts from the provinces, as to the weather during the past week, and its effect upon the harvest, although not quite so favourable as those previously received, were, on the whole, by no means discouraging. In the early part of the week advantage was taken of its comparative fineness, and a great deal of agri cultural work was completed. An unwelcome change, however, took place about the middle of the week, and the weather became wet and tern pestous. In some places violent storms have been reported. Along the west coast especially there have been violent gales, attended in some instances with loss of property, and, it is feared also of life. The Galway papers mention disasters to shipping off the Arran Isles, and in one instance apprehensions have been excited respecting the fate of a barque seen in great distress. A gentleman, w:iting from Connemara, gives a de scription of an extraordinary tornado which he witnessed, by the force of which the water was lifted some feet out of a river in his demesne, and cattle and even human beings carried away some distance'. THE GROWTH OF FLAX IN IRELAND. Amongst the provincial press and the landed in terest in the north of Ireland there seems to be a great desire to encourage the growing of flax ; but the farmers, it must be confessed, receive their ad vice coldly, as they have little confidence in it proving a lucrative one. This is, however, a mis take. Experiments have shown that it amply re pays the grower ; and considering the effect a plen tiful and regular crop would have on the linen trade of Ireland, it is earnestly to be hoped that before long it will be more generally cultivated than it is at present. The Cork Examiner believes, indeed, that in time this will prove the case : " We are glad to see the flax movement progres sing, though its progress is, we must confess, rather tortoise-like. Still, it is progress, and therefore we rejoice at it. Indeed we are, after all, better pleased to see a slow and steady progress than to witness a sudden spring into a flax growth. We have had painful experience of how short-lived are those movements which have their origin in enthusiasm. After the first impulde they generally languish, and then come to a stand-still. The tortoise in the fable beat the scornful hare, and when we are inclined to murmur at the crawlings of some poor struggling tortoise of our own, we take comfort when we re member how the fleet hare fell asleep on his _ journey." A reason why the more extensive cultivation of this crop should be desired is given in the _Northern Whig : " It would be unfortunate, for many reasons, were the Belfast linen trade not conspicuously repre sented in the Exhibition of 1862. The French treaty has opened out new markets for our pro duce, and advantage should certainly be taken of the favourable opportunity to stow what Belfast is capable of doing, so as to reap the full benefit of the privileges placed at our disposal by the modifica tion of an almost prohibitive tariff." Should the demand in France for Irish linens in crease, the staple trade of the north may yet re, sume its old activity; but before this desirable event takes place the manufacturers must be able to count upon a certain and liberal supply of Irish grown flax. THE CHANNEL FLEET AT BELFAST. The Channel fleet, which left Belfast yesterday, appears to have excited an extraordinary amount of interest in that busy city. Thousands visited the various vessels ; indeed, the crowds were so great that several serious accidents occurred. On Wed nesday evening, the Town Council entertained Rear- Admiral Smart, and the principal officers of the fleet, to a splendid dejeuner, and in the evening they were all present at a ball given in their honour. At the dejeuner Rear-Admiral Smart, in replying to the toast of " The Navy," spoke as follows : " I have now been half-a-century connected with the navy. I have witnessed the phases it has gone through during that period, and per haps it may be satisfactory to gentlemen con nected with the commerce of this country to hear that my opinion of the navy is that I have never known it in a more efficient state—(loud cheers)—and I have no doubt that when it is called upon, and when it is led to battle by some of those very distinguished officers I see around me—(cheers) —you will find that it will do its work. (Loud cheers.) Having said this, Ido not think that I can say any more. lam exceedingly proud of the marked manner in which you have drunk the toast of the noble profession of which lam a member. I wish that it was in better hands to express the grateful feeling that we all have towards you for the manner in which you have been pleased to re ceive us, and wo only hope that the sight of the ships in Belfast Lough may have given you grati fication." (Hear, hear.) Admiral Erskine also responded on behalf of the navy. He said,— " With respect to what fell from our worthy chairman, as to the advisability of continuing the Channel fleet in its full efficiency, that is a very serious question, which rests with the Government of the country ; but I cannot but rejoice at hearing that feeling expressed by such a community as the gentlemen of Belfast—(hear, hear)—not merely as a naval officer desiring t , ) see my own profession, in which I take a great pride, kept up in a high condition, but because, as as naval officer, I feel and I know the difficulty of improvising a navy when it is required. (Hear, hear.) I have no apprehension whatever as to the mechanical part of the business. When I see the magnificent building-yards all over England, and when I see the means of constructing iron ships which you have at Belfast and at other places, I feel that, in the mechanical points, we shall never be behind other nations; but the personnel of the navy is the most important part. (Hear, hear.) When one her of the difficulty of manning the navy, It is only a proof of the great prosperity of the coun try, and that they are absorbing the maritime population of the country in the commercial navy. To maintain the two services tfficiently we must have a marine of our own, or we must come on the commercial marine at a time when it is most incon venient to come upon it." (Hear, hear.) SOUTH AMERICAN STOCK. The increased disposition to enter into business in South American stocks which has been manifested during the present year continues observable. The South seems to revive as the North falls into dis credit, and it is a remarkable fact that the number of defaulting States is now greater in the latter than in the former. Among the South American repub lics there are now only three in disgrace, and none of these have ever resorted to open repudiation—a practice which belongs to the North alone. The three non-paying republics are Venezuela, New Granada, and Mexico. All the other Southern States of the American continent have either maintained their credit intact from the first or have made arrange ments for the resumption of liabilities which are being faithfully carried out. Brazil occupies the peculiar position of never having had her financial reputation brought into question during her whole existence. Chili, Peru, and Buenos Ayres stand next in rank, a temporary default in each of these cases having been long since repaired, and dividends and sinking funds being now re mitted each half-year with undeviating regularity. Equador a few years back joined in the march of honesty, and, after a short interruption, consequent upon the rule of an illegal Government, which was improperly tolerated by our Foreign-office, is now again meeting her engagements in a commendable spirit. As the natural result in all these cases a vast increase of commerce has been observed to follow every restoration of public credit, and the figures furnished in this way are such as to war rant the estimate that in the average of instances a country which defrauds her foreign creditors loses annually about five times as much as she saves by her breach of faith. Of the three non-paying States of South America two--New Granada and Venezuela—seem to be appro aching a condition in which some hopes of a settled Government may be entertained; while, with regard to Mexico, we have at length the assurance that the measure of her dishonour is full, and that that State, which for its size should be the richest in the world, is now likely to be redeemed from the miscreants whose permitted career has been a stain upon all other nations, and upon the civilisation of the age. It is within pos sibility, therefore, that in the course of a moderate period we may find the whole of America south of the United States restored to financial respecta bility. Whether the same hope can be expressed with regard to the great and until recently thriv ing States of Mississippi, Arkansas, Florida, Michi gan, and Indiana is a questio❑ to which few persons on either side of the Atlantic will be likely to make sanguine response. TRIAL OF A SEAMAN FOR STRIKING AN OFFICEI?. PORTSMOUTH, MONDAY. A court-martial assembled on board the flagship Victory, in Portsmouth harbour, this morning, for the trial of John Greer, able seaman on board H.M.S. Excellent, gunnery -ship, at this port, on the following charges: Ist, for having on the 9th inst. made a blow at, and struck, Lieutenant Ken nedy, his superior officer, while in the execution of his duty, such conduct being a breach of the 16th article of war ; 2d, for having made use of threaten ing language to Lieutenant Singer, he being at the same time comm an di ng o ffi cer o f t h e said ship,. such conduct being a breach of the 16th article of war. The court was composed of Captains Thomas Wilson (president), Cummings, C . oote, and Sec combe, and Commander Bonham, with Mr. Ed war d Hoskins, of Gosport, as officiating Deputy Judge- Advocate. Captain R. S. Hewlett, C. 8., of H.MSS. Excellent, conducted the prosecution. Lieut. Andrew J a m es K ennedy deposed that he was doing duty on board the Excellent on the morn ing of the 9th inst., when the prisoner pre sented himself to pass in the third instruction of gunnery. He (witness) was the examining officer, and finding that he did not know his instruc tions, he ordered him to fall out from the gun, and go to the middle deck, to wait till he came there. He then turned his back to speak to the instructor, and while he was doing so he heard very violent language, and that a man was rushing towards him. He turned round, and threw up his arm, when he received a blow on it and also on the back of the neck, from the prisoner. He was at once secured, and taken to the middle deck. By the Court—The prisoner was perfectly sober at the time. He had never seen the prisoner before that morning. Mr. Morton Singer, first lieutenant of the Excel lent, deposed that on the morning in question he was doing duty as commanding officer on board that vessel. Between nine and ten o'clock on that morning a report was made to him, and the prisoner was brought to the middle deck. By his order Lieu tenant Kennedy came up, and he asked him what charge he had to make against the prisoner. Lieutenant Kennedy stated that he was passing a number of men, among whom was the prisoner, from the third instruction, and finding on trial that the prisoner was very deficient in his work, he re jected him, and went on with his duty in passing the other men. In a few minutes afterwards he felt some one touch his shoulders, and he was then aware that a blow was being made at him. He put up his arm, and he received the blow on his arm and on the back of his neck. He then perceived that it was the prisoner who had struck the blow. After Benjamin Marshall had corrobo rated this statement, he ordered the prisoner to be put in irons. Prisoner then became very riotous, abused Lieut. Kennedy, and threatened that he would knock his head off and rip his -- guts out. On hearing this he ordered the master at arms and the men who had him in charge to take him below without further delay, upon which he used similar language to him. _ _ By the - Cou'rt—He believed that the pri soner came from leave on that morning. He had most certainly been drinking, but he did not perceive it until he had broken out in the riotous manner which he had described. The prisoner had been in the Excellent not quite six months, and during that time, except for breaking leave, his general conduct had been good. Benjamin Marshall, gunner's mate of the Excel lent, corroborated the above evidence. The prisoner came behind Lieut. Kennedy and made the blow at him in full swing in a striking attitude. He did not think that he was drunk, but he was over excited at the time. The prisoner struck the blow with his clenched fist. Corroborative evidence having been given, the prisoner, in his defence, stated that he had been suffering for a long time from rheumatism in the head, and, having had leave from the ship, and taken too much to drink before he went on board, it so affected his head that he did not know anything of what took place. He expressed his sorrow for what had taken place, declared that he had no animosity against any officer of the ship, and threw himself upon the mercy of the court. The court was then cleared, and after some time , when th e p res id en t a h s a k d e d elapsed the priws prisoner if agai n he o h p a en d e a d ny certificates to pro duce. The prisoner replied that he had left them at Bombay. The court was again closed, and after the members had seen in deliberation for a conside rable time the public were again admitted, when The officiating Deputy -Judge-Advocate read the sentence of the court, who found that both charges were fully proved, and therefore adjudged the pri soner to be kept in penal servitude for the term of ten years. Tile prisoner, who burst into laughter on hearing the sentence, was then removed. THIS DAY'S MARKETS. HAY MAI(h.STS. S MITHFIELD.—MeTti;WIIay, £2los to £5 5s Od ; clover do., £3 lOs to £6 Os; and straw, £1 5s to £1 12s per lead. A slow demand. CITMBERLAND.—MowIow hay, £2 lOs to £5 ss; clover do., £3 lOs to £6 Os . and straw. £ 1 5 s t o •P l. 12s per load. rau " d w et hay,raw a 1% to r.,5 s s; clown, El 53 to x 112• p er t oa d., Both hay and straw sold slowly a t our quotations. do. W , c if i rr io E s ci t i o a i P 6 EL 62. -- O M. d Trade steady. COLONIAL. TEA.—There has been a very limited b us i ness t ransac t e d, dealers having deferred t heir operations until the public sales, which commenced to-day. Prices, however, have been invariably firm. suGAß .—More inquiry has been apparent for the bettor qualities, and prices have shown an improved tendency. In the refined market fully previous rates have been esta blished. C OFFEE.— Only limited dealings have been recorded, owing to the large quantity announced for public sale. Prices have shown no ma•erial alteration. RICE.—A stbady demand has taken place for all deserip ticoas, and full rates have been readily obtained. SALTPETRE.—Business has contiuued inactive, and the few dealings entered into were at about former quotations. TALLOW.—The market has continued dull, and prices have shown a further slight depression. P • Y.C. on the spot is quoted 485., and spriugsiolivory, Os 64 to 48s Bd,