The Sun. — London, England, 1831-12-28 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. If the Tories reckon on support from the country, in case of the ReforniMinisters failing to .carry their Bill, the ToriesTemistaken. The Manly and honestyshowever on thtt point wrong headed, portion of them, have spoken out, and declared their decided enmity to all measures of general Reform. If such men, on taking office, design to act up to their professed princi ples, they must retain Parliament in its present condition,—the same in substance and in form, —because, always admitting that these high- j minded " conservators" believe the truth of their own allegations—that whatever flaws, or specks, or irregularities, may be discovered in the exist ing representative system, " as a whole it works well,"—nay,: works the better " by resS•oll of such seemingwdefects,"—it follows, not only that the worship ers of these holy, but unfathomable mysteries, ill ,have a conscientious dread of touching a , the smallest, particle of the sacred pile, but feiitures of it, which they will regard with dienost anxious and awe-stricken reverence, must be those which are outwardly the most " irregular s ' and defective ; and, therefore, that let what will be subjected to experiment, or exposed to change, the rotten boroughs, under an honest Tory Cabinet, would be sure to stand unmolested. Now, that such would be the anticipations of the people of Eng ttild, in the event of the Duke of Wellington acceding to the Government, no one can doubt who is aware of his Grace's high repute for in tegrity and consistency of character; and we shall therefore only stop to ask, is it morally possible that under a general impression of the Duke's carrying into effect, as Minister, his re corded hostility to all extensive Reform, an nounced to the world when he was actually Mi nister, a little more than twelve months ago,— can any sane mind imagine that he would have the people of England more cordially with him than before, when he himself confesses that he was driven from office because Parliament had withdrawn its confidence from his Adminis tration, and when it was notorious that be lost the confidence of Parliament for no reason but that the people's cogfidence had been previously for feited by his speech against Reform ? Then the Duke of Wellington, acting with due regard to truth or honour, would feel that he could not hold office for a week, and if, under that consci ousness, his Grace should refuse to form a Go vernment, whence, in the name of wonder, could a Tory cabinet be exfodiated ? Sir Robert Peel, solus—would he attempt it ? He is too prudent. But there is another hypothesis. The Duke of Wellington might turn reformer,. and bring in a Bill—an insufficient bit-by-bit Reform. Would the nation accept it ? His Grace knows that they would not. There is still another hy pothesis. The Duke might bring forward afac simile of the Bill which he now opposes, and might prevail upon the Lords to support for his sake a measure which, as Lord Grey's, they re pudiate ! Then the Duke of Wellington would do that for office, which he would not do fur the public good ; and the Lords would pro mote, when tendered to them by a Minister of the old Court or Tory predilections, what, when submitted by a statesman whose general views were of a popular tendency, they have rejected with scorn. It is impossible to conceive such a man as the Duke of Wellington acting from such paltry motives, or a house of Lords thus factious. We reject; therefore, the hypothesis with contempt. As for the Press—that portion of it, at least, for which we can speak without presumption—our support was given to the Duke of Wellington until he proclaimed himself the enemy of Re form. It was withdrawn, and with reluctance, not from the upright, vigorous, and pacific Duke of Wellington, but merely and simply from the stern foe of that one measure, without which, as we conceive, and as we expressed long before his Grace left office, there can be neither lasting peace for England at home, nor any just and olid influence over the councils of foreign nations. So our support is given—and we trust may continue to be conscientiously afforded— not to Lord Grey, or Lord Grey's colleagues personally—but to their grand Bill for abolish ing rotten boroughs--for admitting great towns to the benefit of the Constitution—and for en franchising,those independent classes of English men, now trampled on by strangers who have usurped the power of coercing them and taxing them, and plundering them of the produce of their taxes.—Times. Our readers will see, in the Gazette, an Or der in Council permitting Austrian vessels to enter our ports and harbours on paying the same navigation dues as British vessels, the Austrian Government having extended the same privilege to British vessels in Austrian ports. This is another instance of the extension of the reci procity system which, by the Act of Parliament, Government is permitted to establish in all cases when its views are met by a corresponding dis t.o,ition on the part of other States. Our rela tions with Prussia, with Hamburg, and with all the north of Germany, are now on this footing. British commercial intercourse with Austria cannot be very extensive. The ports of Trieste, Venice, and some small harbours on the Dal matian coast, are the only points of contact by sea with that empire ; but it is something to find a good principle triumphing over antiquated pre judices, and an absolute Government relaxing the rigour of impolitic restriction in order to enlarge its commercial intercourse with a free People. We should not be surprised that this iivw reciprocity treaty (for such it is) should excite a pretended alarm among those who have always declared themselves against the late im -1,, o vements in our navigation laws. But when ti , e feel the panic comin g upon them, let them only reflect that in this case we must be gainers by the change, as the number of British vessels in the ports o f Trieste and Venice is propor tionally much greater than the number of Aus trian voesels in British ports. This may give them ease, and tend to allay their rising dissa tisfaction.— Times. In another column will be fount.). a valuable statement, by Mr. Cooke, well known for the success with which ne has combated the Protes tant, or Christian Church, as our contemporary of the Standard terms it. In this statement there arc disclosures with respect to money mat ters which exhibit the descendants of the Apostles in a very different light from that which the Apostles themselves exhibited in the New Tes tament. Were St. Paul to return to life, and to pay a visit to Ireland, he would be extremely puzzled to understand how, in a Christian Church, a Bishop should revel in the produce of 100,000 acres of fertile land, and the tithes of a number of churches, while the poor, to whom all the funds of the Church were originally given, were perishing around him in the ditches for want of relief. The Standard says— " The Globe, the Morning Chronicle, the Times, and the other liberal journals, are just now exceedingly anxious to overthrow the Christian Church of Ireland. Dupes! do they suppose that it their wishes were realited to.mor row,—that if that Church Were Subverted. - -they would hare the sister kingdom, according tO their -fait ideal of good government, tvithont tiny established Church? No, the Popish Church is already establithed there-;- - -established in defiance and above the poiver of the tegislatUre. It is notr awaiting with open mbuth - , prepared to Swallow all the spoils, and ten times the of that Church whose destruction is clam:tort:l l for ; and in twenty years from the day in tvbich its ravening shall be gratified by the over throtv of Christianity in Ireland, the Popish Church in that kingdom will have engrossed more of 'tlie property of the country than ever belongee. 1: - ‘3 any Protestant Esta blishment. " De ere forget that the mass of the people of Ireland art More ignorant than the English have been at any period from the age of Alfred downward? Do they forget that such ignorance is ever the harvest time of Popery ? Do they forget that all the property of the Established Church which is now the subject of so mtrei obloquy, i. but a fragment of that which Popery had accumulated f.r herself in times of greater poverty, though, as respects the mass of the Irish people, certainly not of greater igno rance than the present I' And remembering these things, can they doubt that in leaving to Popery en undisputed ascendancy in Ireland, they resign to that enemy the pro perty of the country as well as its dominion and (hut that is a little matter in the ryeenf the liberals) the souls of the people?" We are not anxious to overthrow the Chris tian Church of Ireland, but to render it more Christian. It is impossible that the inha bitants of Ireland, who do not belong to that Church, who, according to concurring testimony, amount at least to nine-tenths of the population (some say fifteen-sixteenths), will rest satisfied till the different religions are placed on a footing of equality. We have no fear of the property now possessed by the Protestant Church getting into the hands of the Catholic Church ; but the best way to prevent such a transference is to act upon the recommendation of General Cockburn, and sell the lands and the tithes, and apply the proceeds to the extinction of the national debt. Mr. Pitt had it in contemplation to give effect to such a plan. We have never heard that in any country, except England at the restoration, the Church lands, once transferred to private in dividuals, ever found their way back to the Church. In France, in Germany, in Bel gium, in Holland, in Switzerland, even in the Forest Cantons (the inhabitants of which are the most bigotted Papists in the world), either lands or tithes once seized, were ever recovered.by the Priests. In Italy, even .under the nese of the Pope, the Priests never entertain an idea of reinstating themselves in their former possessions. In Spain and Por tugal, the transfer was not completed ; but we will answer for it, if the Cortes of Spain had imitated the French, and distributed the large estates of the Church among the peasantry, not an acre would ever have been recovered from them. The Catholic clergy do certainly possess much influence at present in Ireland ; but they possess that. influence because they are entirely dependent on the people. A poor clergy are always an influential clergy ; but it is difficult to inspire a people with reverence for a clergy, whose conduct gives the lie to the religion they preach. How can a man be a Christian _and possess riches? was the common language of the early Christians... If the tithes were trans ferred to the Catholic -Church, the flocks would, ere long, be transferred, to the ProteStant Church. Poverty in the pastors is the only security for diligence. When Dr. Goldstnith was at Ley den, the Professors asked him whether Edin burgh, which had taken all the English medical students from them, was a rich University ?- He told them the Professors of Edinburgh had no thing but what they made by their exertions. We suspected as much, said they ; and we fear we shall have no more English students , till the Edinburgh Professors are better endowed. It is not after he has obtained spoil, but in order to obtain it, that the soldier throws himself in the deadly breach. " Let them take castles who're not worth a groat." We may observ e, by the bye, that the-conclu sions drawn by the .standard from what we yes terday said on the subject of tithes, is utterly unwarranted : " It—the Chronicle (says our contemporary)—is very indignant with a Scotch gentleman for having asserted !hat the landed interest has many burthens to support, which press but little upon other interests. He enuire r"ted among them tithe, for which he is thus lectured— " 'What right has he to call Ministers' stipend a bur then on the land ? The Ministers' stipends are paid out of the teind or tithe, the property in which was distinct from land, and which, when purchased by the land-holder, was subject td the payment of that stipend. The land-tax before its redemption, payable for all Scotland, was a mere trifle. The.pogr.rates are also trifling in ,Scotland. But he the burthens great or small, they are not taxes on landholders;'beeause land is held subject tl *theni, and whoever purchases an estate takes these burthertsinto con"- sideration.' " It is unnecessary for us to say that we agree entirely with this doctrine of tithe, newly adopted by our contem porary. No man has any right whatever to say that tithe is a pressure upon him ; because, as the Morning Chro. nick truly remarks, he took possession of the land, know ing that it was so charged. "We congratulate the Morning Cbronicle upon its conversion." There is no conversion nor approach to con version in the case. In the first place, the re mark had reference to Scotland and Eng land. In Scotland the tithe was perma nently commuted, and sold to the landholder, subject to a certain stipendiary payment out of it to the clergy. The tithe once fixed was fixed for ever, and the purchaser had no more right to complain of it than of a quit-rent, if the estate had been subject to one. The amount of the stipend, too, is so mode rate, being somewhere between 6d. and is. in the pound, that no objection can be made to the appropriation of this portion of the public property to the Church of Scotland. But in England the tithes are not fixed, and are a bar to improvement, a constant source of dispute. At present all attempts to benefit the poor by grants of small pieces of land will be found illusory till tithes are permanently commuted. If tithes were permanently fixed, as in Scotland, the objection on the score of interfering with cultivation would be removed, and the only ques tion would be, whether so much of the public property should be given to the teachers of one of the religious divisions of the population. But the public object also to tithes, on the ground that a tenth of the gross produce raises the price to the consumer, inasmuch as the farmer cannot extend his cultivation to_meet the increasing wants of society, till the price in addition to . his other expenditure covers the tenth of the gross pro duce taken by the tithe-owner. Our contem porary also misconceives the ground of our ap probation of the Dutch income-tax. We ap prove of it on account of the fairness of the scale. But the income-tax in this country was most iniquitous. What, for instance, could be more unjust than taking ten per cent. from a professional income of 2001. a year, and ten per cent. from an income of 100,0001. a year from land or interest on capital :'—iltorning Chron. The parish meetings, which are now every where held, are well calculated to arrest the at tention of all those who take an interest in .the ' political regeneration of their country, and who. attend to the rapid progress of change in the State. Will our s?lf-complacent Tories take a hint from such meetings ? Do the Lords n o t see that the people may learn at their parish meetings how to bring into forced operation even a more B*etping Measure than the Reform Bill? What, if the people, in their strike against parish taxes, should include those of the State !! It is curious to observe how exactly the same spirit of legislation, which for many years found favour in thb House of Commons, has presided at our parish vestries ! From one end of the country to the other, those little tax-making and tax eating machines lie on us like the night-mare, cursing us with ten times more expense than our accumulated burdens from all other sources. In the parish of St. George's, Hanover-square. the Government taxes are now about 201. on 100/. of annual rent, while the parish junta have levied rates to the amount of 241. on the same sum. All the vestries are constituted, or at least managed by, a presiding parson and a few hungry tradesmen, his creatures. This will, no doubt, be denied by the persons interested ; but an example or two will illustrate, at the same time that it proves the truth of our position. About two years ago, the creatures of the Rector of a very wealthy parish at the West-end of the town, agreed that it was unbecoming so large and opulent a district that the Rector should not be provided with a suitable residence, because he was passing poor with 4,000/. a year. No sooner was the idea started, than it was pur sued to its accomplishment, with the secrecy and activity peculiar to the proposers of such measures. In an instant, all the fry of tradesmen were in motion ; the bricklayers, and plasterers, and paper-hangers had already, in imagination, sacked the plunder of the parish. But they, fortu nately, ruined their job by too great avidity. Not satisfied with building the Rector's house, they resolved that it was advisable to build it close to the church. We do not know whether the pious gentleman's case was consulted in this, or whether there was a charm in eight or nine acres of land, with a fine shrubbery of waving acacias and sycamores, which attracts the atten tion of all passengers in the New Road, but it was certainly thought that the Rev. Gentleman could not endure the neighbourhood of poverty. The poor-house was for this reason ordered to be demolished, and the reckless miscreants had al ready proceeded to the destruction of an enor mous pile of building, worth at least 30,000/., when they were stopped by that troublesome fel low, Joe flume. We see also, by the state ments given in by the Committee of the parish ioners of St. George, Ilanover-square, that the Rector, inhabiting a fashionable house in Gros venor-street, worth 400/. a year, is rated at 1001., and that he has not paid any rates even on this reduced estimate. The same statement is made with regard to the parish clerk, the collectors, assessors, and all the busy people of the parish, and the same may be affirmed of the curates, &c. Are these "the 'weaker party" of the Bishop of London, or are they the people who, accord ing to his Grace the Primate, " prostrate their reason in order to make progress in holiness?" If they have found out the true holiness, it ap pears that it has not led the way to truth, and justice, and charity. But is it no part of their Lordships' duty, one of whom at least appears to have a sharp mode of practice with his clergy, to protect the interests of the people ? If so, may the people not find out another reason for dismissing the Bishops?—Morning Chronicle. In returning to the subject of the new Bank ruptcy Court, we propose to make a few obser vations on the probable effects of its operation in reference to the expense, delay, and difficulty, hitherto dependent upon the judicial arrange ment of a bankrupt's affairs. To reduce that expense, diminish that delay, and remove that difficulty, were the avowed objects for which the old system was abolished, and the new one created. If these objects shall be attained under the new system, according to the assurances given to the public, the change will have been a most beneficial one, and the mercantile classes will have great reason to be grateful for a mea sure of legal reform peculiarly conducive to the security of their rights and the protection of their interests. It is obvious that such results can only be attained by a machinery extremely simplified, and adapted with pe collar fitness to the particular sort of work for which it has been constructed. To under stand the fitness or unfitness of the new Bank ruptcy Court for its business, let us see what that business is. We have already said that to sever the Administration of the Bankrupt Laws from the Court of Chancery, and to establish for this branch of civil jurisprudence a Court of its own, is, in itself, something achieved in the way of •Reform ; but our inquiry is now whether this new jurisdiction is so constructed as to afford peculiar facilities for despatching the sort of business which will come under its cognizance with cheapness and expedition. To enable our selves to form any thing like an accurate opinion lon this subject we must bear in mind that a Court of Bankruptcy is not a Court in which solvent litigants enter the arena of legal strife. It is not a Court in which the litigants risk a part of their property to recover some greater stake ; but it is merely a Court to gather or collect the' effects of a trader who has become unable to meet his engagements, and to distribute those effects among his creditors. It is clear that no complicated machinery. is required to carry these' objects into execution. We need not set about proving that the system will be best which saves the most of the bankrupt's property from the wreck, and divides the most among his creditors. For the former purpose its power must be simple, but energetic ; for the latter its operation must be expeditious and unexpensive. Now, what. is the constitution of the Court ? It con sists - of three different tribunals—namely, the cOriamissioners' Court, the Subdivision Court, and the Court of Review—with a power of ap peal to the Lord Chancellor, who is, generally speaking, the Judge in the last resort ; but there is also, under particular circumstances, a power of appeal to the House of Lords. Here, then, are altogether five tribunals of graduated jurisdiction to be conversant in affairs of bank ruptcy—affairs which are, for the most part, matters of' account, and which some persons might suppose a Court of Commercial Accoun tants, under the direction of one or two sound lawyers, to keep the course of commercial jus , tice within the boundaries of law, would be more effective in unravelling the tangled web of the bankrupt's affairs, and in handing over a larger dividend to the creditors, than the most ponderous and expensive system of judicial pro cedure that ever, was invented • to grind down property in the-mill of' litigation. We do not say that we are altogether of this opinion, because questions of bankruptcy are mixed questions of la* and fact ; and very nice lineations of law sometimes arise, particularly when the validity of Commissioners of Bank ruptcy are disputed : but still we cannot help thinking that our new Bankruptcy Court is, like the whole of our legal establishments, on too magnificent a scale—and the greater and richer the Court is ; the less dividends the creditors are likely to enjoy: In fact the new Court of Bank ruptey will be a more complicated judicial machine than the Court of King's Bench, though the salaries of the several Judges will not be so large. The Court of King's Bench, until a re cent Act of Parliament, had, for despatching the immense quantity of business that comes before it, but a Chief Justice and three puisne Judges ; --it has now four. The Court of Bankrupts has a Chief Judge, with a salary of 3,0001.; three puisne Judges, with salaries of 2,0001. each ; six Commissioners, with salaries of 1,5001. each ; the Chancellor's Secretary of Bankrupts, 1,200/. ; two Chief Registrars, 8001. each ; eight Deputy Registrars, 6001. each ; the Clerks of the Secretary of Bankrupts, 800/. between them ;—making a total charge on the public of 26,8001. a year ! In addition to the salaries above stated the Secretary of Bankrupts and the Registrars are to receive a certain proportion of fees—a mode of payment which we have always objected to, as bad in principle. In addition to this charge upon the public there will be the charge upon the compensation to various parties consequent upon the change of system ; for instance, Messrs. Thurlow and Scott are to re ceive an annuity equal to the average of the last three years' profits of their places, supposed to be nearly 9,0001. per annum ; and the present Commissioners of Bankrupt, a number of officers of the Lord Chancellor, ara also to receive com pensation for the loss of their appointments. Here is a heavy expenditure for the creditors of the bankrupt to pay out of the wreck of the pro- perty before they can obtain a farthing dividend. This brings us to the important consideration whether the great expense complained of under the old system, and which in a great number of cases actually realised the fable of the lawyer, the two disputants, and the oyster—will be saved by the operation of the new Act. On this point we cannot do better than quote the statement of a legal correspondent, who says—" Theorists will tell you great expense will be saved; but what foundation have they for this statement ? They will say Look at the expense of the proceedings under Howard and Gibbs' commission, which was upwards of 20,0001.—under Chambers's commission, up wards of 10,0001.' These expellees were under the old system, and they would not be one fourth the amount under the new. But these are isolated cases ; perhaps of such cases there may not be one in 200, and the expense, which principally arises from presenting petitions to the Court of Chancery on matters connected with the bankruptcies, might be easily avoided, with out inflicting the enormous increase of expense upon the creditors in the remaining 199 cases, which will be added under the new Act, as men of practice and experience well know that in nine cases out of ten no petition is ever presented to the Court of Chancery." He then pro ceeds to compare the expenses under the old and new Acts in a bankruptcy, where the assets amount to 4,0001., which, he says, are below the usual average, as follow : TEES UNDER 6. GRO. IV. £. s. d, Docket 2 4 0 . Commission • 4 15 8 Private Seal (about every fifth commission) 2 2 6 Commissioners on private meeting, three public audits, and dividend meetings lB 0 0 Solicitor's fee on public meeting 1 0 '0 Assignments from Commissioners to Assignees, and Commissioners and Solicitors' fees thereon • BlO 0 Bargain and Sale, ditto, ditto 8 10 0 £45 2 2 LOWEST FEES UNDER THE NEW ACT, .E. s. d. Fiat lO 0 0 Payment, by provisional assignee, out of first assets Payment to Compensation Fund lO 0 0 Ten shillings per 100/. on the amount of divi _ ... .. dend — . 20 0 0 Commission to official assignee, which is discre tionary with the Commissioners, but cannot be less in each case than two per cent BO 0 0 £l4O 0 0 Thus, according to this estimate, the fees in a case of bankruptcy, where the assets are 4,0001., were about 451. under the old system, and will be about 140/. under the new Act. This, of course, will be no saving of expense—though, on the very great bankruptcies, the fees will bear a smaller proportion to the property to be reco vered than under the old system, and, conse quently, in those cases the expense will be less than formerly, though not so much so as might be supposed in the first instance, in consequence of the greater *number of tribunals created by the new, thrcugh which every important question in a bankruptcy case may be dragged•in succession; fer in the first instance the question may come before the Subdivision Court—thence'be carried to the Court of Review—thence, upon appeal, to the Lord Chancellor—and, in some instances, ' before the House of Lords. Under the old sys tem there was but one tribunal—namely, that of the Lord Chancellor—before which petitions could be brought ; so that not only will the number of tribunals under the present Act in mase the expense—because in each there must be new briefs, and new fees to Counsel—but the delay and difficulty of coming to the grand point, which is the ascertaining the share which the fingers of the law will leave to the creditor out of the wreck of the bankrupt's property will be much increased beyond what it would be if the system were worked by the simpler machinery of one effective tribunal. -Mr. Basil Montague, who, from his knowledge : and experience in bankruptcy cases, is entitled to great attention, disapproves decidedly of the provisions of the n ew Act, for reasons which he gives at large in his publication on that Act ; but as those reasons general, more intelligible to members of the profession in of the law than they could be to the public, we do not think it necessary in this place, to enter into the consideration of them but we will submit his own plan, which has, at; least, the recommendation of being more cheap, and would, no doubt, be more expeditious in its operation, than the tribunals established by the new Act. He proposes, as sufficient for all purposes, a tribunal, consisting of the following official persons :—Six Commissioners, at 1,500/. a year each, making 9,000/. ; a Commissioner for Assignees, 1,5001.; a Commissioner of Ap peals, : 2,000/ ; his Clerk or 'Registrar, 500/. ; in all 13,0001.—being less than one-half of the- amount of salaries to be paid to the Judges and officers of the new Court. This tribunal; ,if efficient persons Were selected, he thinks, would give the 'maximum of justice with the minimum of delay and expense. But, after all it is only fair to abstain from giving a peremp tory opinion upon the merits or demerits of the new system until it shall be brought to the test of that experience which proves the true value of theory.—Morning Herald. It continues to be as serted by the Minist e rial Press, that in defiance of their own declarations in Parliament (so unequivocally. expressed by Earl Grey himself, and so completely condem natory of the self-admitted unconstitutional principle of creating Peers for the purpose of carrying any particular measure), a sufficient number of new Peers will be created to effect the ' enactment of the Revolutionary Bill now before Parlianient. After the manly and constitutional sentiments already avowed by his Majesty upon this subject, we are not without confident hope that he will not suffer his noble spirit to yield to the wiles of the enemies of the Constitution, and his own prerogative and crown. The expe dient now proposed to be „resorted to for carry ing. the dangerous measure is obnoxious and abhorrent beyond all precedent—that of giving the Peerage to the eldest sons of Noble Lords who have already devoted themselves to the revolutionary views of Ministers. The colourable pretence for this un worthy stratagem is, that the new Peers thus created will not eventually cause any augmenta tion in the number of the regular Peerage, as in the end they will merely succeed to their fathers' titles. But in the mean time, we would ask, is not the grossest violation of the Constitution committed in the proposed creations, by means of which a vital stab is to be inflicted on the Constitution ? We pity the wretched Minis ters who in their weakness feel themselves obliged to have recourse to so disgraceful an expedient ; nor have we less compassion for the elder sons of Peers mentioned in an article in another part of our Paper, who in their due sense of honour must feel how much they are degraded and insulted, in being made the com pulsory instruments of the ruin of our Consti tution. Their feelings must indeed be most acute on so degrading an occasion.—Morning Post. The conduct of Russia becomes every 'day more suspicious, and that of the King of Hol land more intelligible. We had our apprehen sions from the beginning that, one day or other, the free Governments would regret the heartless and impolitic part they had acted towards the Poles ; we had our apprehensions, and we made no secret of them at the time, that Russia, puffed up with pride by the subserviency of France and England, and armed with power by the overthrow of a band of heroes the most de voted and illustrious in the records of all time, would profit by the fall of Warsaw to pro secute a higher game against the inde pendence of Europe. But, though we saw the probability of such a result at no distant period, we did not anticipate that a Con ference, in which the Russian Minister was as busily occupied as the Ministers of other Powers, and to which the faith of the Russian Emperor was as strongly pledged, that such a Conference was likely to supply a pretext for the undertaking. Now, however, it would appear to be the case, and, after having failed to satisfy either Belgium or Holland—after having heaped protocol upon protocol, with a view of securing the peace of Europe, which could have been better secured by insisting on the claims of the Polish people —we are beginning to suspect that the Confe rence itself was but a delusion, a trick to gain time, to steal a march, as it were, upon the unsus pecting honour of those who were sincere in their endeavours to do justice between the parties. Still it is scarcely possible that the rumour which im putes to the Russian Emperor a design as un principled as the rejection of the treaty, under the circumstances in which he stands with respect to that treaty, can be true. Character is, after all, of some importance. Power it.df, though it be the power of an Autocrat, must have some limit while there exists such a thing as opinion in Europe. It is impossible that honour and honesty can be set openly at defiance without weakening the cause for which the outrage is per petrated against the moral feeling of mankind. We cannot, therefore, dismiss altogether from our minds the belief that the intentions of Russia are misrepresented or mistaken ; but if that Power should be so far infatuated as to rouse the indignation of every generous spirit by attempting a crusade against freedom in the present state of the world, let it not suppose that there are sinews and blood enough in its un wieldy empire to put down the mind, the en lightened, irritated, unquenchable mind of Eu rope. That crisis, which Canning foresaw, when all the dissatisfied spirits would rush to one standard, would be realised on the first move ment of a French army in such a cause. But we hope, for the sake of peace and order, that the speculation is premature. We will not pursue it further. The Emperor of Russia will, we trust, prove himself possessed of more virtue and more wisdom than public rumour ascribes to him at the present moment—and as for the King of Holland, no language could adequately describe the part lie has taken in the affair, if it should turn out to be the work of conspiracy.— , Morning Herald. MARKET INTELLIGENCE. LONDON MARKETS. • (From the London New Price Current of yesterday.) SUGAR.-We have had a steady Sugar Market for the season of the year, with a progressive improvement in the prices ; the estimated sales for last week were 3,000 hhds. and trs., and they probably would have been more exten sive if the holders had not been so firm in their demands for higher prices. This morning the market is closed on account of the holydays. The stock of West India Sugar is now 37,271 hhds. and tra., which is ,1„453 less than last year. The stock of Mauritius 77,885 bags, being 56,499 more than last year. The delivery of West India Sugar last week 2,664 hhds. and tra., being 272 more than last year. The delivery of Mauritius 5,115 bags, being 3,655 more than in the corresponding week of 1830. Towards the close of last week the demand for packing Lumps revived, and some purchases were made at rather higher rates, and for these sorts the market is looking firmer; in fine crashed there co n ti nues to be very little doing ;in consequence of the last accounts from the Medi terranean not being very favourable, 325. is asked for good qua lity ; 605- has been offered for good large Lumps, to be delivered next Ftbruary ; the refiners, however, will not enter into any future engagements at the present low rates ; the prices of ord. large Lumps are about 34., and fine crashed is 6s. lower than at this period last year. FOREIGN SUGAR.-Nothing has been done by private contract, and, in the absence of public sales, prices remain nominally the same. EAST INDIA SUGAR....-At the public sales of Mauritius low and mid. sorts brought steady prices, but the finer sorts, from 495. a 58a., are scarce, and 11. dearer ; the following are the prices paid-ord. brown 41s. ; good brown 41s. 64. a 425. ; fine brown 425. 641. a 435. 6d. ; ord. grey 42.. 6d. a 435. ; mid. grey 445. 6d. a 465. ; ord. yellow 445. a 455. 6d. ; mid. yellow 465. a 480. ; fine yellow 50s. a 535. 6d. Average price of Sugar IL 3s. Oid. per cwt. COFFEE.-The business doing is chiefly limited to Bri tish Plantation for the home trade, the prices of which, though very firm, are not higher: In Foreign and East India scarcely any transactions have taken place by private contract, and at a public sale of 913 bags Brazil, which took place, prices went about Is. under the general valua tions. The public sales consisted of 42 casks 92 bags Berbice, 163 bags Demerara, 913 bags Brazil, and 1,522 bags Batavia, which found buyers at the following rates :- Bethke triage 86s. a 899. 6d., mid 905. 6d., good mid 935. 6d. ; Demerara triage, not clean, 795. 6d. a 835., fine ord. 1353. 6d., mid. 86s. a 875. 6d. ; Brazil triage 40s. a 415., ord. 52a. 6d. a 535. 6d., good ord. coloury 555. a 565. 6d.; Batavia pale good ord. sold at 565. 6d, P..rk a 575., and good ord. yellowish mixed with black * I a 555. 6d., yellow and even 58s. RUM, BRANDY, AND HOLLANDS.—The RUM g ar has been very dull, but, as the weekly delivery hi some time averaged about 1,000 puns., the stock 1 / shortly decrease ; at present it is about 5,000 pens. , than last year. The purchases repeated last weJ small parcels inferior Jarnaicas at lower rates, and`' Leewards 2 to 5 over at Is. 4d., and some proo o , under Is. 3d. and Is. 34d. Brandy, is held with nest, the first marks 4s. 6d. and 4s. 'id. Soule parcels pale Geneva have sold at Si. HEstr, FLAX, Awn TALLow.—The Tallow has become rsther dull ; the nearest quotation this ing is 425. 3d. In Hemp or Flax there is little variA,.: ASHES.—lnAshes scarce any thing doing, prices 0 . ,j OILS.—In Seed and Olive Oils the trade has bete both for home and export trade, with buyers still s! ii advanced quotations. Fish Oils for the season ore_,, usually dull; Nit it is ei . .pecteil the demand will IMP" with the new year. TURPENTlNE.—Turpentine remains firm ; all the 1 arrivals of rough, and some parcels not yet in, take ° the dealers at present quotations. - - Sur.—The market is rather on the advance, as of good articles ask full prices, which they maintain ; Silks may be quoted 3d. to 6d. higher, but very doing. In waste there is no alteration. INotoo.—There are no sales of any extent. TonAcco.—There is no business lately reported 0 bacco. Serces.—The demand for Spices has been limited; quotations are nearly nominal. Hors.—The demand for Hops is very steady ; the r firm. COTTON. —The Cotton Market is very steady.,. purchases are too inconsiderable for enumeration. But Izmir PRovistoss.—The import of Foreign Botwd Vie last week was 2,378 casks, of Irish 12,717 firkso of Bacon 6,342 brls. Fine Friesland Butter ha!iti'. selling at the quay from 98s. a 1025., and for 1rf04114 sale has been limited, with an accumulation of stockh l jf wharfs ; with respect to future prices ) much now derv! upon the quantity we shall henceforward r ece ive fralli land ; at present there is at least two months' console/0 lying at the wharfs ; Cork and Limerick we nolo,l I quote 925. a 938. ; Carlow 90s. a 961. ; Waterford rid, 928. ; and Dublin, Sligo, Newry, &c. 851. a 88s. leSi For Waterford prime singed Bacon there is but alr sale at 455. a 475., and for Limerick at 435. a 440.1 n very few sales effecting on board, the shippers rW I looking for much higher prices than the chresemonge o . disposed to give. Bale and Tierce Middles, as to and quality, we quote 455. a 48s. Bladder Lard , 6 67a., and Irish Hams 655. a 745. landed. Not nauchd ness doing in Beef and Pork, the former is held for O r higher prices. 0 11 FRUIT.—The deliveries for the home consumpti° l _ l 4 l' very extensive ; the sales this week are confined to of new Zante and Cephalonia Currants at 665. , A 0 MINING INTELLIGENCK....—SaIes at Redruth last L 0 Quantity of Copper Ore sold 2,872 tons ; average P. rSol sid. Quantity of fine Copper 266 tons 19 cwt. Am' of sale 18,437/. Is. 6d. Average standard 981. 161. HAY MARKETS.—(At per Load 0(36 trusses.) CUMBERLAND (LATE ST. JAMES'S.) d Coarse heavy Lowland Meadow Hay ..... £2 sto - I %Icy, Meadow Hay 2 15 Useful Old Ditto 2 15 4 Fine Upland Meadow and Rye-grass Hay 3 15 j Llover Hay 4 5 1 Oat Straw £1 Bto£l 10 3 Wheat araw... 42 1 1 1 0 4 0:0, Supply short, trade very dull, and prices as last quot e "' SMITHFIELD. Coarse heavy Lowland Meadow Hay New Meadow Hay 3 0 5 Useful Old Ditto 3 0 $ Fine Upland Meadow and Itye.grass Hay 3 10 I Clover Ho , (extra line)...Xs 15... Generally t)at Straw llloto £1 121 Wheat Straw 1 12 .4 Best Meadow Hay . s. per load lower than on Saturday i r otherwise stationary. Supply short, and trade very dull. COUNTRY CORN MARKETS DURING IHE Wheat. Barley. I Oats. I 6 Per Quarter. s. to s. s. to s. s. to s. s• 10 Boston 59 30 19 34' hainsborough 58 35 19 Grantham 55 56 32 38 19 25 42 Grimsby 3O 60 24 36 18 22 $ 0 5 A Horncastle 55 60 35 38 17 22 32? S Lincoln Spilsby 54 60 26 35 18 22 34 48 60 36 42 18 22 4 0 1 54 68 30 42 18 28 31_1,1, NORWICH. Dec. 24. Wheat (per qr.) 555. 635. 6Ss. I Beans (per qr.) 3 46 •% Barley 28s. 355. 375. Pease, 40s. Oats . CANTERBURY. Dec. 24. .. n ..• Wheat, white................ 600. to 70e ...... 01d............... --0.." ---- red _ . 50s. to 665...... Old —s. t t e, Barley, Malting....... 388. to 425...... Ormdlog.. 265. t Oats Beans .----,.... 345. to 365....... 01d......... 408. IP Pease ---. —s. to 456...... Grey...—. 356. eV ....- r MANCHESTER, Dec. 24. PI Wheat, per 701 b. 9s. 6d. to 106.0 d. Red ...... 9s. 34. to Barley, per 601 b 5 0 5 3 Oats. 3 5 0 Beans, per Imperial quarter Pease, White, per Imperial bushel 5 0 ' Malt, per 6 Imperial bushels. 4i 0 0 Flour, per Sack of 2801 b 48 0 55/ EXETER MAR Reef (score).„---.Bs. Od.l 9a. od.l Mutton 5 0 5i Veal and lamb—,.o 5 0 6 Geese (each) —....3 Ducks 'couule \-2 Fowls ~,.... ,,,,.,....2 DALKIE --- KETS.—Dec. 23. 11 0 '0 Wheat (bushel) ..Bs. Od. 5 Barley 6 g Oats 4 0 6 Beans 0 4 0 Butter (1b.).....—.1 0 i 4 4 0 Eggs (14) —0 0 , 3 3 0 Potatoes (peck) —0 6 " 4 - 6 1 ;COTCH MARKETS. 3TON CORN 111 A RKET.—Dee. 23. _ A s Barley. Oats. Pease. ~„„Onil 35s Od 25s Ott 31s Od . (s 1 32s Od 22s Qd Od 30s Od 20s ea 28s Od 306 ,00 , . of Wheat in market,2 9 whereof were 10 Unsold.-0 Grey. 2/. Os. Oil 0. 2tbs. L'H CORN MARK: There was a large supply of all kinds ket of this day, which met with a 'heavy prices than those of this day se'nnight. Wheat. Barley. Oats. First 62s 0.1 35s 6d 27s Od Second Third 4BB Od 28s Od 20s Od r s o. al —f e G , D e er a a i t n. r 2 2aithtebrel°."l" Pease. 333 Od 30s Od 26s ild IRISH MARKETS. DUBLIN MARKET NOTE.—FRIDAY, Dec. 23• From To A ,l 1,958 Wheat, per barrel 20 stone 22 0 32 0 it 199 Bete l6 stone 13 0 14 6 1: 351 Barley l6 stone 14 6 17 0 4,902 Oats 12 stone 10 0 12 0 1" 11,735 Cwt. 9 stone! 5 0 23 0 1,414 Oatmeal—. 8 stone' 10 0 15 0 Sold to Bakers only. 8,974 Cwt. Flour Average price e Receipts of Flour, 10, Sales of Do. 11, 14 0 I id Flour 46, fro. if Wheat an, /Firsts, Seconds, Thirds, PRICE OF BREAD Half r 23 0 I !I per e ach ,1 m Od.tot m 14s. Od. to 17 " m ss. Od. to s hi tern Quartern Loaf Biid. Half Quartern ............... Wheat, Barley. Oats. Flour, per per ► 16 stone. b arrel pleir stone.b a rrel , Ist. i. pe 2O r s i t ' o arr ne el . -- s. d.a s.d. s.d. a mi. s. d. a s.d.ls. d. as. d. s• " 0 1 60 0 C0rk....... 220 306 11 0 160 99 116'16 0 19 , 7 2 10# 0 1 Limerick 26 8 30 013 0 14 0112 9 13 6 IS 0 20 0 0 1 . , 161 Waterfordl26 0 25) 014 0 16 0110 0 11 018 0 20 01 0 0 181 Clonine! ...126 8 30 0 10 6 15 0113 6 13 920 0 20 0 1$ 0 0/ Carlow —l2B 0 : , 0 0 150 16 oi 10 o 11 620 621 0/ Beef, Mutton, Pork, Butter. , per lb. per lb. per cwt. Ist. Yd. 3d. 41 ' i „ i d. ad. d. a d. s. d. as. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s• g.', Cork 41 631 5 260 al 092088081 11 76 ' fl " le Limerick— 3 431 434 0 35 0192 088 83 071 l', i Waterford 4 6 3 635 0 36 0192 090 80 0 "xi 1 Cloinnel 4 5 5 634 0 35 0190 0870 0 Carlow-- 4 51 0 0 0 0 0 0186 084 74 0 KILKENNY.—Butter BS4 to l Os. per cwt. ; Wheat 2tko• per barrel; Flour 20s. to 345. per bag; Oats 9s. to I Is. t V o el ; BArley I Is. to I4s. ; Beef 4 d. to 544. per lb. ; to sd. Potatoes 2d. per stone; Coals IL 2d. per cwt.; Pigs 3 2e. to 335. per cwt. 1 11 TAKING TITHE IN KIND.—A c.erg,V bio, of Chichester, some time since, was asked by a poi* ak to be one of the sponsors at the baptism of his 30 This was refused, it being contrary to the Rubric. 40 father stated the child was his tenth, and reque ete p Minister to be godfather himself, as the title helot) him. The Rev. Gentleman readily seveded to tbej quest, and continues to call the child his owe.--X" shire Advertiser. BIRTHS. On the 24th inst. at Eton College, Mrs. Gifford 'Co..- of a son. On the 26th inst. at Chelsea, Mrs. B. Jones, of a daughter' On the 25th inst. Mrs. F. Deacon, of a daughter. o i l On the 26th inst. in Portland-place, the lady of H. H. Esq. of a son. MARRIED." .14 On the Tith inst. at St. Mary's Church, Islington, rar. F Hill, of the Coal Exchange, to Elizabeth , daughter of 1117) Mr. John Duke, of Montrose. On the 27th inst. at Whitchurch, Middlesex, J. H. ifP IF eldest son of H. Howard, Esq. R.A., to. Mary Ann, only d of T. Hassall, Esq. DIED. e se! On the 26th inst. at Tunbridge, Frances, the wife of th - tet, Dr. Knox. On the 27th inst. in the Albany, D. Giles, Esq., of f f bury, Herts, aged 72. On the 2tith inst. R. Lucas, Esq., of Coulsdon, near CA Surrey, aged 72 At Edinburgh, Henry Charles Westmacott, second sOl l , Westmacott, Esq., sculptor of that city, aged 20. On the 20th in at Boulogne-sur-Mer, J. Ellis, Esll4_2l, the English bar, and a Magistrate for the county a Corny - . his 54th year. 9: 4 1 - 11. •ND PUBLISHED BY MURDO YOUNG. SUN °FMB, 112, STRAND, LONDON. HADDIN Wheat. First 6-is Od Second Third ra ere were 229 qrs. .d 2 G- -- „ : : . . ; : i sl: 4l4 l:Nco N .ag ui4: llV : l .roted l E snr onn .l3 .o ll e ' e A d o,rs S tl Yr ,: rl: :od E , w o, fil tanit A h f a i Cl l ne (: )c l i ' . E i ght o'clock , . Aid 'air Sh, :1',.” m ay ►ti b il: r e:t ~ :JONES, . the , . ilk. , necessary • , 6 uch Prisoner I nth said i tions, Info= ~ hate been tat * ta transmit I the Clerk 0 t elt,' of Engl the Old Bail' IMPE CHAR chant Altar fleas Bari Michael Eta Charles Da! John Henn , Gerard De Samuel Dre George Hit Samuel Hit ar Ao . d j r am ew e, C , o s 4. T. Thomas Fa Charles Poi George Rei _ Notice is at Christina f rom, or tt Renewals a London, an throughout O 1.3 A J. T. Barb Francis Cc Sir George Earl Ferri Admiral S. Bart. K Lord Nort A MII The Pro 4 .4 Well as t r espective In the I Years, to Person a wl Annu a l as they have In the I SO/. lOs. Twenty-or. eons insure reduction AI Rita ry Into actual Persons Under limi Persons bodily ins If any ] °I Justice, day prey io No Ada bade for ".* Pe lately diem Without al all th e pri V ir. EN clir tdapted tc 144 1 k, and temity of Made Breeches. Poet-paid, TEN anc Sur geon 11 . iN celebr ?Y the 111 belt remel d ecayed the least comes hai pE 06 Artifie Pine set, At Ho INCORE 1 0 1 THE DECA DANI E 11 4 MG PICCAL PATRO Ptofebsiot trupolis, Publi c 81 ‘011E LIINER mended rati on is out the Clays thi for matt VHETI 13 1 SEA: NERAL PLETE I "OURA ittettmbr k orwer ?tlAsn N.B. %bort pel pEI in Wished nod gra( Cough s , Edward, the can Oxford-, 9d., bottle w St. Pau e s * A he : 7 : i s : 8 of th e ( t hese 13; r aoct en th ey are Nioute ' Perat urf h ad the this "o r kW last Led -slot which i b 8 . 3(