The Sun. — London, England, 1861-03-30 00:00:00

THR ARMSTRONG GUN. On Thursday evening the London Gunmakers' Company entertained Sir W. Armstrong at dinner on the cccasion of his receiving the honorary free dom of the company, which was conferred upon him by a unanimous resolution, "for the important services he has rendered to the nation by his great improvements in the science of gunnery." The visitors present consisted chiefly of officers and gentlemen in the government department offi cially connected with fire-arms, and comprised, among others, Colonel the Han. Sir A. Gordon, K.C.B. ; Col. Wire Fox, Mr. Howell, Director- General of Contracts; Col. Lefroy, R.A. ; Captain Jervis, M.P. ; Major Baddeley, R.A.; Mr. Ander son, Royal Gun Factory, &c. Mr. iIEPTIN STALL presided as Master of the Com pany on this interesting occasion, and after the usual loyal toasts had been drunk, proposed the health of the guest in very eloquent and laudatory terms. Sir W. ARMSTRONG, after returning thanks to the Gunmakers' Company and those present for the personal honour done to him, proceeded to say — Many of you have been fellow-labourers with me in the improvement of fire-arms ; and I feel assured that our labours will have the gratifying effect of shortening wars and diminishing their frequency. Much as appearances may be against us, I am satis fied we are genuine preservers of the peace, for there is nothing so likely to discourage aggressive designs as our possession of superior weapons. The recent operations in China have illustrated the tendency of improvement in fire-arms to shorten war, and they have also furnished a valuable oppor tunity of trying our new artillery. The success which has attended that trial is rendered the more satisfactory from the circumstance of its having been accomplished under all the disadvantages of novelty and inexperience. The guns sent to China were the very first that had been issued for service, and were not of the present service pattern. They were shorter and lighter than the present field gun, and were originally intended for horse artillery guns ; but upon trying these guns it was found that no advantage was gained by the reduction of weight, while the same projectile was used, because it became necessary to add to the weight of the carriage to enable it to resist the greater force of recoil. These guns were used in China with a much lower charge than has been found necessary to pro duce the best results, and their range and accuracy were in consequence much below the present stan dard. Notwithstanding all drawbacks, however, it is a matter of notoriety that the performance was highly satisfactory. If any testimony on this point could be desired, it is furnished by a letter which I received as I was leaving to join this party. That letter is from - Major Hay, who you are aware acted as brigade-major in China under General Crofton, commanding officer of the Royal Artillery there. Major Hay is now in Scotland, and having noticed the unwarrantable use that has lately been made of his name, has sent me the le tt er w hi ch I sha l l take the liberty of reading to you : "Edinburgh, March 25, 1861. cc The Armstrong guns in China rendered the most va luable sei - vice, being always in the most efficient and ser viceable condition, although put to very severe tests. They were never withdrawn from action, and their places sup plied by others ; on the contrary, the Armstrong guns were invariably the first to be ordered up when artillery was re quired. At Tongchow on the 14th of August, and again on the 21st at the capture of the Upper North Tabu Fort, the Armstrong batteries were firing over the heads of our in fantry in advance, and the guns never ceased firing in con sequence of any casualty to our men ; quite the reverse, the guns continued firing, whilst the infantry advanced to storm the enemy's works. It would have been more surprising if sight alterations had not suggested themselves in both gnus and ammunition, considering that they were being tried for the first time, and that they were most jealously watched by all. In fact, from the instructions I received before leaving England, it was my duty to point out the slightest defect. Tbis I did, and was glad to observe in a recent visit to the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, that those ,iefects had all been remedied in a manner which experi ments had proved to be most successful ; and I now feel conNent that the British artillery have the first gun, with the m 'ost perfect ammunition in the world." 4 This hatter leaves no room for further comment from me, and I shall therefore merely observe that the success' which has attended the first trial of these guns, k 7'. hile it reflects the greatest credit upon the officers arid men who bad so many difficulties and disadvanta...aes to contend with, affords the most comfortable assurance that whenever the guns are again called into thy' field with all the improve ments suggested by recent experience their success will be still more decisive. With regard to the mode of manufacturing these guns, this is a subject that cannot fail to be interesting to practical gun makers, more especially as the manufacture of can non has now become so much more assimilated than formerly to that of small arms. I may therefore state that all my experience leads me to:the convic tion that the principle of constructing cannon by the superpesiticin of successive layers of iron coils welded into cylinders is the best, and to that prin ciple I propose to adhere in the construction of guns of the largest dimensions. Layer after layer may be indefinitely applied, and I can scarcely see any limit to the size of the gun which may by this process be constructed, The difficulties which bad to be encountered in carrying this method into practice induced me to some extent to deviate from it, But now that those difficulties have been almost entirely surmounted, I feel satisfied it ought to be adopted in all its integrity. I see no other mode of construction which affords so much strength, and what is of still more importance, is so little tiable to hidden and treacherous flaw. Publicity has lately been given in Parliament to the trials to which one of my 12-pounder guns had been subjected. That gun sustained 100 rounds fired with service charges of powder, and bolts progressively increased in length until they projected beyond the muzzle. It afterwards went through a repetition of the same ordeal, not with a single but a double charge of powder, and ultimately remained a serviceable gun. On the other hand, it has been announced that one of my 12-pounder guns had succumbed to what I must call very unmerciful usage. You have heard how it was fired at from a distance of only 20 yards and broken with round shot. But you have not heard that the gun which was so treated was a defective one from the first, and one which the Ord nance Select Committee had been for weeks before vainly trying to burst. Although it had not been burst by these efforts it had been cracked near the middle in a manner which greatly weakened it against an external blow. Now one might have expected that after so gallant a resistance the poor thing might have been spared. Its wound was cur able, and it might have lived to do good service to its country. But no, the committee ruthlessly sen tenced it to be pounded to death by round shot. For this purpose a brass 9-pounder field gun, nearly twice as heavy as the poor victim, was used against it, and with a refinement of cruelty the committee deliberately aimed at the wounded place and suc ceeded in breaking the gun in two at the crack. I state all this in the presence of my friend, Col. Le froy, who I grieve to say is deeply implicated in the murder. But a, fate almost as bad awaited the brass gun, which in its turn was fired at from ano ther brass gun at the same distance of 20 yards ; and the ve r y fi rs t s t ro k e it r eceived so crushed in the bore as to prevent the insertion of its shot. Each succeeding blow inflicted similar injury; and although the gun, from its greater weight and mass, was not broken in pieces, it was sot only forcracked internally, as well as bulged, as to be fi the melting pot. I dare say the committee were right in what they did—severity is sometimes the wisest course ; but whatever had been the result of the experiment no sensible person would have urged, and I am sure the committee would not, that we ought to sacrifice the advantages of lightness and mobility for the sake of rendering the gun proof against such exceptional treatment. It must be recollected that the carriage presents a far larger surface to be struck than the gun, and little would be gained by making the gun invulnerable to round shot, while the carriage must necessarily :remain so much liable to be disabled. The 40- 'pounder guns were made almost on the exact model If the 12-pounder, but when they were brought fo.award for proof I was disappointed to find that seeeeral of them gave way at the breech. It there fore became necessary to remove the external coil over ihe breech, and apply a stronger one. Since this has been done there has been no further indi cation of weakness, and, indeed, one of these guns has lately been tested in the same manner as the 12-pounder, Read has endured 100 rounds, fired with projectiles pro,?, ressively increasing in length until the entire bore was filled from the charge to the muzzle. The need step in advance was from 10- pounders to 100-pGunders, a large number of which have now been prov ed without in any instance exhibiting any deficiency of strength. I have also recently constructed a muzzle-loading gun, do- Rued to throw a projectile of 120 lbs. This gun l il it l i n f i , e t : l lifi npoo . a plan w.ich I have called the shunt rae 0 wlueli en , ,ble3 the shot to go in easy and there .uattight. For I need hardly tell you that t rthing more ess sntial to accuracy than to While it L ah°t withou t vibration from the gun, muzzle.i oule 7stally necessary, in the case of a preserved. that facility of loading should be circumstance of it m us t no t, be supposed from this e of r. muzzle•loader, that having made this gun 'the principle of beeeteil have in any degree given up guns. On the contr a; loa ding as applied to large . a t m more than ever per suaded of the great, aL ages of breech-loading, more especially for th e n „ '7, - and I clearly see my way to the removal of every objection which . can with any degree of reason. be ur g against it in heavy ordnance. At the s ame time; how ever , be lieve that muzzle -loading irins, from theirgreate r simplicity, will fo r some PI 7 rposes be preferable to breech-loaders, and that both forms of guns Will have to be proVided. And x ow, as to thogigin, r Qt. tant question of rifled artillery against iron-cased ships ; it is impossible to say whether the offensive power of the gun or the defensive power of the ar mour will ultimately prevail, although I incline to think the gun will in the end prove the victor. The strong point in favour of the iron plates is, that no hollow projectile will bear the impact against them without breaking in pieces, and they are therefore an effectual protection against all explosive and in cendiarymissiles. Iron-clad ships must consequently be attacked with solid shot alone, and it is not by merely punching a few small clean holes in their sides that we can hope to make any serious impres sion upon them. If they can be destroyed by artil lery, it must be done by hurling against them such ponderous masses as will crush in their sides ; and to effect this will require much larger guns than are yet in the service. It will be my duty to endeavour to produce suck guns, and I leave it to others to act for the defence as best they can. As fortimber ships, I believe they will utterly collapse under:the fire of modern artillery. I can conceive nothing so calcu lated to gratify the organ of destructiveness as firing 100-pounder percussion shells at a three-decker crowded with men. If we must have timber ships for distant service, at all events letthem be as unlike three-deckers as possible. Nothing can be worse adapted to resist modern projectiles than those float ing castles of wood. It remains for me to say a few words respecting the cost of the Armstrong gun, because, although you may not all be practical gun makers you are at any rate taxpayers, and the subject will therefore be interesting to every one. You are probably already aware that the contract price for the different natures of these guns—that is, the price at which they are delivered from the Elswick Ord nance Works, is £l2O for the 12-pounder, £195 for the 25-pounder, and £285 for the 40-pounder. The price of the 100-pounder, I believe, has not yet been definitively settled. It has been said that if we take the entire sum voted by Parliament and divide it by the number of guns produced, the result will show a cost enormously larger, and it may therefore be worth while to show how this matter stands. The total sum voted by Parliament last session for the supply of every species of warlike stores during the financial year now on the point of expiring was £2,300.000, and the portion of this amount which was allotted to the Armstrong armament was £867,785. Of this sum only £405,000 was appro priated to the manufacture of guns alone, the re mainder being required for providing, first, the shot, shell, and fuses ; second, the carriages, ammunition waggons, and all the articles of battery equipment; and third, the cartridges and powder. Now, we have made about 780 guns during the year, and if we divide this sum of £405,000 by this number of guns, and take into account the value of the very large number of guns now in a state of progress and partially paid for, the result shows an average cost of about £350 per gun. This covers the expense of all experiments and alterations unavoidable in the commencement of a new and difficult species of ma nufacture, and I think you will admit that it is not an unfavourable result, and that it presents no in consistency with the contract prices. I have seldom an opportunity of communicating information re lating to my guns, and I will therefore, at the risk of being tedious, briefly advert to some misconcep tions respecting them. It has become a common idea that one of the great difficulties incident to the lead covered form of projectile is to give sufficient adhesion to the lead. I may therefore state that no such difficulty exists. Any amount of adhesion may be given ; but there is a risk of giving too much, because if the lead were to stick too firmly to the iron it would not separate from it and break into distinct pieces on the bursting of the shell. At present the premature separation of the lead is a matter of rare occurrence, and I do not think it would be expedient to guard more effectu ally against it at the risk of lessening the efficiency of the shell. With regard to the 100-pounder guns, the experiments with them and with the shells and fuses I have provided for them are proceeding satis factorily. The destructive power of these large shells, which contain from 81b to 91b of powder, is very great, and such as ought, I think to settle the question of timber ships. I may mention that the copper ring, which in all the previous guns had been applied at the breech to resist the erosive action of the gas, was at first dispensed with in the 100-pounders, as I had reason to expect that by using expanding cups to prevent the escape of the gas, the copper rings would not be required. I found, however, on trying one of these guns at Shoeburyness, that it would be necessary to resume the use of the copper for the preservation of the gun at the breech, and it was consequently returned to Woolwich to have the ring inserted. This has given rise to the foolish story that the gun was a complete failure. I fear the wish was in.this case father to the thought ; but such misrepresentations are not worthy notice, except in this casual manner. I rest in quiet confidence that, with the valuable aid I receive both from civilians and military men, I shall be enabled to complete the work I have begun, and I am content to be judged by the ultimate re• suit. Colonel LEFROY said he felt it right to justify the Ordnance Select Committee in the course they had adopted. They deemed it necessary to ascertain what would be the effect produced in the case of an Armstrong gun being struck by a round shot, as such an occurrence might be ex pected to happen even under the best regulated arrangements. For convenience, they had fired at a distance of only 20 yards, but by way of compen sation they had used a reduced charge. The brass gun fired at was certainly quite shut up, and there fore there was no disparagement to the Armstrong; but the result had shown that neither form of gun would bear the direct impact of a solid shot on its side without becoming disabled. A variety of other toasts were proposed and replied to; and after a pleasant and instructive evening, and a magnificent banquet, the company separated, delighted with the brilliant hospitality of the ancient and useful Company of Gunmakers. THE LATE WAR WITH CHINA. (Front the London Gazette.) INDIA-OFFICE, March 27. The Secretary of State for India has received a general order by his Excellency the Governor- General of India, and a despatch accompanying it, from Lieutenant-General Sir J. Hope:Grant, G.C.8., commanding her Majesty's forces in China, of which the following are copies : GENERAL ORDER BY HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF INDIA. Camp, Jubbulpore, Jan. 17, 1861. His Excellency the Viceroy and Governor-Ge neral of India has much satisfaction in publishing, for general information, the subjoined letter , dated the 21st of November, 1860, from Lieut.-General Sir J. Hope Grant, G.C.8., commander of the forces in China, bringing to notice the services, during the campaign in that country, of the native troops of all arms which proceeded to China from Bengal, Madras, and Bombay. The Governor-General congratulates the troops on the high testimony which they have earned for themselves from their distinguished commander, by their exemplary conduct in camp and garrison, and by their valour in the field. And it is an additional source of gratification to the Governor-General, and a matter of which the troops may justly be proud, that their brilliant conduct in the field excited the admiration not only of their British comrades, but also of the French troops which served in the same campaign. It will be the grateful task of the Governor- General to make known to her Majesty's Govern ment the report of Lieut.-General Sir Hope Grant, and to briog particularly to notice the officers spe cially mentioned by him. TO THE RIGHT /lON. THE EARL CANNING , G.O 8., &C. Head Quarters,Tientsin,"Nov.ll;lB6o. . My Lord.—Peace having been concluded with of this country, and manythe native troops serving in the expeditionary force being about to return to India, it becomes my rc° duty to brbig to your Excel lency's notice the servi ces of the regiments and the , corps of her Majesty's Indian Irregular which have been serving during the camp a i g The Ist Sikh Irreular Cavalrly, under Major Probyn, and Fane's Horse, under uapt. Fane, have performed their duty admirably. On more than one occasion these regiments have been opposed to and have successfully charged a vastly iuperior force cif the enemy's cava l ry, and their Conduct in the field has excited the admiration of the French as well as of the English troops. It is not only on' the field of battle that their services have been so important during the recent campaign, but in performing the thane! ous other duties re quired of them, of an infinitely more harassing na-• ture, patrols, escorts, and reconnoissances, as well as the task of carrying letters almost daily between Tientsin and Pekin (a distance of 75 miles) for up. wards of a month, during which they were fre quentlyfirea upon ; their services have been of the utmost value to the expedition. I beg to recommend Major Probyn and Captain Fane to your'Excellency's most 'favourable notice. The two companies of Madras Artillery, under Capt. Ricks, and two companies oflladras Sappers, under Capt. Shaw Stewart, rendered good and use ful services in the operations which preceded and led to the fall of the Taku forts. The latter corps was most energetic in working without relief at .thenonstruetion of the batteries, and hale always 'shown themselves to be cheerful and willing work men. A detachment' of the' former corps, under Capt. Madrityre, was summoned from its station at Chusan to the assistance of Shanghai, and was .feitunate enough to reach that city on the day it THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, MARCH 30, 1861. was attacked by the rebels, and to assist in repelling their attacks. The Regiment of Loodianah was stationed at Shanghai during the attack of the rebels on that city, and, under the command of Lieut.-Col.Walsh, contributed to their repulse. The Bth and 15th Regiments of Punjab Infantry have accompanied the army in all the active opera tions in the field, and although, owing to the nature of the operations, they have not come into collision with the enemy so frequently as they have perhaps wished, their services have not been of the less value to the expedition. The 15th Punjab Infantry, however, was particularly forward during the action of the 18th of September, and on the 21st of September a detachment under Lieut. Harris dis tinguished itself by crossing the river and captur ing a gun which had opened on our lines. The Bth Punjab Infantry had been ably com manded throughout the campaign by Capt, Brown low. Capt. Shebbeare, an excellent officer, the commandant of the 15th Punjab Infantry, was un fortunately compelled by ill health to leave just when active operations were commencing ; but the regiment has been efficiently commanded by Lieut. Randall. The 11th and 19th Punjab Infantry have been employed in garrisoning the depots, &c., whilst the 3d and sth Bombay Native Infantry and the 21st Madras Native Infantry have formed portions of the garrisons of Hong Kong and Canton. I have much pleasure in informing your Excel lency that the behaviour of the Indian troops, both in camp and in garrison, has been everything that I could wish, and it has given me much satisfaction that the course of events has enabled me to send a considerable portion of them back to their homes in India before the end of the present year. I have, &c., (Signed) J. HOPE GRANT, Lieutenant-General, Commander of the Forces. THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. (From the Gazette of last Eveniug.) Her Majesty's Commissioners—The Earl Gran vine, K.G., Lord President of the Council • the Marquis of Chandos ; Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P. ; C. Wentworth Dilke, Esq.; Thomas Fairburn, Esq. ; F. It. Sandford, Secretary. Decisions of her Majesty's Commissioners on Points relating to the Exhibition. March, 1861 — Her Majesty's Commissioners have fixed upon Thursday, May 1,1862, for opening the Exhibition. The Exhibition building will be erected on a site adjoining the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society, and in the immediate neighbourhood of the ground occupied in 1851 on the occasion of the first International Exhibition. The portion of the building to be devoted to the exhibition of pictures will be erected in brick, and will occupy the entire front towards Cromwell road ; the portion in which machinery will be ex hibited will extend along Prince Albert's-road, on the west side of the gardens. All works of industry to be exhibited should have been produced since 1850. Subject to the necessary limitation of space, all persons, whether designers, inventors, manufac turers, or producers of articles, will be allowed to exhibit ; but they must state the character in which they do so. Her Majesty's Commissioners will communicate with foreign and colonial exhibitors only through the Commission which the Government of each foreign country or colony may appoint for that purpose ; and no article will be admitted from any foreign country or colony without the sanction of such Commission. No rent will be charged to exhibitors. Prizes, or rewards for merit, in the form of medals, will be given to the Industrial Department of the Exhibition. Prices may be fixed to the articles exhibited. Every article produced or obtained by human industry, whether of raw materials, machinery, manufactures, or fine arts, will be admitted to the Exhibition, with the exception of 1. Living animals and plants. 2. Fresh vegetable and animal substances, liable to . spoil by keeping. 3. Detonating or dangerous substances. Spirits or alcohols, oils, acids, corrosive salts, and substances of a highly inflammable nature will not be admitted, unless sent in well secured glass vessels. The articles exhibited will be divided into the following classes : SECTION 1: 1. Mining, quarrying, metallurgy, and mineral products. 2. Chemical substances and products, and phar maceutical processes. 3. Substances used for food, including wines. 4. Animal and vegetable substances used in manufactures. SECTION 2. 5. Railway plant, including Locomotive Engines and Carriages. 6. Carriages not connected with Rail or Tram Roads. 7. Manufaeluilug Machiues and Tools. 8. Machinery in general. 9. Agricultural and Horticultural Machines and Implements. 10. Civil Engineering, Architectural, and Build ing Contrivances. 11. Military Engineering, Armour and Accoutre .ments, Ordnance, and Small Arms. 12. Naval Architecture, Ship's Tackle. 13. Philosophical Instruments and Processes de pending upon their use. 14. Photographic Apparatus, and Photography. 15. Horological Instruments. 16. Musical Instruments. 17. Surgical Instruments and Appliances. SECTION 3. 18. Cotton. 19 Flax and Hemp. 20. Silk and Velvet. 21. Woollen and Worsted, including Mixed Fabrics generally. 22. Carpets. 23. Woven, Spun, Felted, and Laid Fabrics, when shown as specimens of Printing or Dyeing. 24. Tapestry, Lace, and Embroidery. 25. Skins, Fur, Feathers, and Hair. 26. Leather, including Saddlery and Harness. 27. Articles of Clothing. 28. Paper,Stationery,Printing,andßookbinding. 29. Educational Works and Appliances. 30. Furniture and Upholstery, including Paper hangings and Papier-macho. 31. Iron and General Hardware. 32. Steel and Cutlery. 33. Works in precious Metals, and their Imita tations, and Jewellery. 34. Glass. 35. Pottery. 36. Manufactures not included in previous classes. SECTION 4. 37. Architecture. 38. Paintings in Oil and Water Colours, and Drawings. 3t. Sculpture, Models, Die-sinking, and Intaglios. 40. Etchings and Engravings. Her Majesty's Commissioners will he prepared to receive all articles which may be sent to them on op after Wednesday, the 12th of February, and will continue to rective goods until Monday the 31st of March, 1862, inclusive. Articles of great size and weight, the placing of which will require considerable labour, must be sent before Saturday, the Ist of March, 1862 ; and manufacturers wishing to exhibit machinery or other objects that will require foundations or special constructions, must make a declaration to that effect on their demands for space. Any exhibitor whose goods can properly be placed together, will be at liberty to arrange such. goods in his own way, provided his arrangement is compatible with the general scheme of the Exhibi tion and the convenience of other exhibitors. When it is desired to exhibit processes of manu facture, a sufficient number of articles, however dissimilar, will be admitted for the purpose of illustrating the process; but they must not exceed the number actually required, Exhibitors will be required to deliver their goods at their own charge and risk; and all articles must be delivered with the freight, carriage, porterage, and all charges and dues upon them paid. Packing► eases must be removed at the cost of the exhibitor or his agent, as soon as the goods are examined and deposited in charge of the Commis sioners, . Exhibitors will be permitted, subject only to the necessary general regulations, to erect, according to their own taste, all the counters, stands, glass frames, brackets, awnings, hangings, or similar contrivances which they may consider best calculated for the display of their goads. Exhibitors must be at the charge of insuring their own goods, should they desire this sau ity. Every prehaution will be taken to prevcnt fire, theft, or other losses, and her 11Iajesty's Commis sioners will give all the aid in their power for the legal prosecution of any persons guilty of robbery or wilful injury in the Exhibition, but they will not be responsibl e for losses or damage of any kind which may be occasioned by fire or theft, or in any other manner. Exhibitors may employ assl' t the articles they exhib w it r , it o t i s n si g oners ; but re written o s pe a ex n rpm t l s ai t is o ns i k ot ni e l e e p mf r i o n tmo o vr herdiseir invite visitors t o purc h ase t h e goo d s b Majesty ' st tors, rsto,ia. forbidden d e d r ec o no b mt t o a m i such assistants will of their employers. Her Majesty's Commissioners will provide shaft ing, steam (not exceeding 301bs. per inch), and water, at high pressure, for machines in motion. Intending exhibitors, in the United Kingdom, are requested to apply without delay to the Secretary of her Majesty's Commissioners, at the offices, 454, West Strand, London, W.C., for a form of demand for space, stating in which of the four sections they wish to exhibit. Foreign and Colonial exhibitors should apply to the Commission, or other central authority, appointed by the Foreign or Colonial Government, as soon as notice has been given of its appointment. Her Majesty's Commissioners having consulted a committee as to the organisation of the Fine Art Department of the Exhibition, will publish the rules relating thereto at a future date. By order, F. It. SANDFORD, Secretary. Offices of her Majesty's Commissioners, 451, West Strand, London, W.C. INNS OF COURT. The following is a prospectus of the lectures to be delivered during the ensuing Educational Term by the several Readers appointed by the Inns of Court. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND LEGAL HISTORY. The Reader will peruse the History of our Con stitution from the accession of Elizabeth to the ac cession of George 111. He will trace the progress and varieties of judicial opinion as it affected the Interpretation of Law, the Law of Real Property, the Law of Evidence, the Law of Libel, the Crimi nal Law, and the Doctrines of Equity ; and he will point out the changes and growth of the Statute Law during the same period. In his private classes ne will continue to explain the History of our Constitution, and to point out its gradual progress during the reigns of the Tudors and Stuarts. The books to which he will refer are : Blackstone's Commentaries, by Kerr—Reeves's History of the English Law—Millar's His tory—Lord Brougham's Political Philoso phy, volume 3—Plowden's Reports—Hallam's Constitutional History—Rapin's History of the period—Appendices to Hume's - History— State Trials of the period—Butler's Notes to Coke Little ton—Statute Books of the period—Fortescue (Amos) —Parliamentary History—Hayes's History of Con veyancing—Clarendon's Life and History—May's History—Starkie's Law of Libel—Greenleaf on Evidence—Ralph's History and Memoirs—Coke's Institutes—Voster's Crown Law—Camden's Annals —Brodie's History—Memoirs of Strype, Ludlqw, Hutchinson, Whitelocke, and Burnet—Bacon's Tracts. EQUITY. The Reader on Equity proposes to deliver during the ensuing educational term a course of 10 lectures on the following subjects :—I. The Jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery in Matters of Account ; 11. On Equitable Set-off and the Appropriation of Pay ments ; 111. The Law of Partnership, as Modified by Courts of Equity; IV. On the Relief Afforded in Cases of Mistake and Accident ; V. On Relief Against Fraud, The Reader will continue with his senior and junior classes the general courses of Equity already commenced. He will also continue in both classes to explain the leading rules of Pleading in Equity, from the work of Lord Redesdale. THE LAW OF REAL PROPERTY. The Reader on the Law of Real Property pro. poses to deliver in the ensuing Educational Term a series of 10 public lectures on the following sub jects : —I. The Law of Domicil ; 11. Fixtures ; 111. Life Assurance ; IV. Conditions of Sale. In his private classes the Reader on the Law of Real Pro perty will refer more particularly to the cases cited in the public lectures. He will also continue his course of Real Property Law, using the work of Mr. Joshua Williams as a test-book. JURISPRUDENCE AND THE CIVIL LAW. The Reader on Jurisprudence and the Civil Law proposes in the course of the ensuing Educational Term to deliver 10 public lectures on the following subjects :—I. The Rights of Married Women over Property under Roman Jurisdiction and Systems of Law derived from it ; 11. Ownership and Prescription under Roman Law ; 111. The Roman Theory of Obligation and the Roman Law of Contract and Delict. The Reader will endeavour during the 'term to go through a complete course of the Modern Civil Law with his private class, noting particularly its influence on the French Civil Code and on other systems of modern Continental law. He will use as his text-book the " Systema Juris Romani Hadie Usitati" of Mackeldey. On certain days the Reader proposes to take the titles of the Digest "De Ver borum Significatione" and " De Regulis Juris." COMMON LAW. The Reader on Common Law proposes to deliver during the ensuing Educational Term ten public lectures, as under ;—Prior to the recess the Reader will lecture on the Law of Torts, contrasting Tort with Contract, inquiring as to—l. The nature of a Right of Action ex delieto • 11. Duties the Breach of which may be Actionable; Actions appropriate to Specific Injuries; and IV. The Grounds of De fence available in such Actions. After the recess the header proposes to lecture upon Criminal Law, including—l. The various Modes of Criminal and quasi Criminal Procedure; 11. ProCeedings before Justices of the Peace ; 111. Offences of ordinary Occurrence, whether triable at the Assizes or at the Sessions ; and IV. the Remedy by Habeas Corpus, in connection with which some important cases will be reviewed. With his private class the Reader will, so far as time may allow, pursue in detail the course of in struction above generally indicated, using as text books " Broom's Commentaries" (2d edit.) Black stone's or Stephen's " Commentaries on the Laws of England," " Archbold's Criminal Pleading" (by Welsby), and " Paley on Convictions." The Reader on Constitutional Law and Legal History will hold his first public lecture on Wed nesday, April 17, at 2 p.m., at Lincoln's inn Hall, the classes meeting in the Benchers' Reading-room; and his private lectures on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, at 10 a.m. The Reader on Equity will hold his first public lecture on Thursday, April 18, at 2 p.m., at Lin coln's-inn Hall, the classes meeting in the Benchers' Reading-room ; and his private lectures on Mon days, Wednesdays, and Fridays, at 3 15 and 4 15. The Reader on the Law of Real Property, &c., will hold his first public lecture on Friday, April 19, at 2 p.m., at Gray's-inn Hall, the classes meet ing in the North Library ; and his private lectures on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, at 11 45 and 1 45. The Reader on Jurisprudence and the Civil Law will hold his first public lecture on Tuesday, April 16, at 2 p.m., at the Middle Temple Hall, the classes meeting at No. 3, Gardeu-court, Temple ; and his private lectures on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Sa turdays, at 3 4'5. The Reader on the Common Law will hold his first public lecture on Monday, April 15, at 2 p.m., at the Inner Temple Hall, the classes meeting at the Inner Temple Hall ; and his private lectures on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, at 11 45 and 1 45. The public lectures and private classes will be suspended after Wednesday, May 8 next, and will be resumed at the appointed days and hours, on and after Monday, May 27. The Educational Term commences on April 15, and ends on July 31, subject to a deduction of the days above enumerated. THE 31,11 LS. MAILS DUE, Australia, Ceylon, and Mauritius (via South- ampton . ) _... .. April 18. - Do. • Brazil and Cape Verds . • • • Buenos Ayres, Monte Video, &c. Cuba and Mexico .. April 1. Canada, &c. (via L'derry) .. March 27. Cape of Good Hope, &c. • • .• April 3. China, Penang, and Singapore (via S'ampton) April 4. Do (via Marseilles) Mar. 29. Gibraltar (via Southampton) .. .. Mar. 28. India (Calcutta), Ceylon, &c. (via Southampton) April 1. Do. (via Marseilles) Mar. 29. India (Bombay), (via Southampton) • . • • Mar. 28. Do. (via Marseilles) . • April 4, Lisbon April 1. Malta, Egypt, and Aden (via Southampton) .. Mar. 28. Do. (via Marseilles) . • Mar. 29. Vigo, and Oporto April 1. United States, California, &c. •.. Mar. 28. Western Coast of Africa, Madeira, Teneriffe .. April 10. West Indies and Pacific, Carthagena, Cuba, &e. April 1. (via Marseilles) April 12. .. April 6. TIIE DUKE OF NEWCASTLE.—Wire (Nottingham Journal) believe we may announce that his Grace the Duke of Newcastle has been appointed Governor-General of India, as successor to Viscount Canning, whose term of office is expired. The probabilities are that the noble duke will leave England during the month of May. We have also heard that the office of lord -lieutenant and custos rotulorum of the county of Nottingham will be held pro. tan. by the Right Hon. the Speaker. Arrangements have also been made that the family seat of Clumber shall be occupied by the Earl and Countess of Lincoln during the probable five years abseisice of the noble duke. [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway's Ointment and Pills. — Constant Success.—\o diseases are more trying to the temper and more exhausting to the constitution than the pains in muscles and joints caused by exposure to wet or cold. 'Wherever the seat of suffering it will only be neces sary to foment the affected part with warm water, dry thoroughly, and immediately rub in Holloway's inestim able Ointment to obtain ease. Gout, rheumatism, neu ralgia, and tic-dolereux, are soon relieved , and ultimately cured by the use of this unequalled unguent, aided by Holloway's purifying and aperitive Pills. Under this judicious treatment the afflicied parts soon cease to ache, and shortly regain their natural feelings and appearance. These remedies are invaluable for curing spinal affections and net volts diseases. MARRIAGE WITH 4 DECE .18ED WIFE' SISTER. Much misapprehension prevails respecting the moral and social estimation in which the thousands of marriages with a deceased wife's sister existing among us, ought to be held. Many persons, with out due consideration, confound an honourable mar riage, from which legal sanction is wrongfully with held, with the case of a man and woman who might at any moment be lawfully married, but who evince the immorality of their motives by living in illicit intercourse without marriage. The two cases have no resemblance whatever. The one has all the essentials of holy matrimony as divinely instituted, the other has none. An invalid marriage is not necessarily a dishonourable one. Owing to the confusion and uncertainty introduced into our mar riage law by ecclesiastical interference, circum stances have often occurred to deprive pure and blameless matrimonial unions of the sanction of law. In the reign of Henry VIII. it was a ,capital felony for a priest to marry ; yet priests did marry, and Parliament afterwards made their marriages good. The validity of the marriages of Q ua k rs and Jews in England before 1837 was so doubtful, that an act was passed in 1848 to declare them valid. Yet persons so married were not therefore held in any the less esteem. And recent English history, in the case of the late Duke of Sussex, affords a still more notable example to the same effect, showing that marriage may even be contrary to the express words of an English statute, and therefore indisputably null and void, and the issue illegitimate by English law; it may be that all who were present at the ceremony incurred the severe penalties of apr cemunire, by which they were liable to imprisonment, and the loss of all they pos sessed ; and yet, such marriage, no: being contrary to the divine law, may, under the circumstances, be allowable ; it may be innocently and honourably contracted; sacredly binding on the parties; re ligiously observed; productive of domestic happi ness ; recognised as morally pure by virtuous so ciety ; esteemed worthy of the highest rank of nobility by the Sovereign, the fountain of honour; and sanctioned without reserve by the most un blemished court in the world. The Duke's case was this. By the Royal Mar riage Act (12 Gen. lIL, c. 11), any marriage of a member of the Royal Family, contracted without the consent of the Sovereign, signified under the great seal, and declared in 'council, is pronounced null and void to all intents and purposes whatso ever, and all who may be present, or aiding and abetting, are exposed to the severest penalties. Under these circumstances, his Royal Highness ' Augustus Frederick, the late Duke of Sussex, Earl of Inverness, &c., without the required consent of the then reigning Sovereign, married the Right Hon. Lady Cecilia Letitia Underwood, eldest sur viving daughter of the second Earl of Arran, such marriage being legally null and void. This marriage, notwithstanding its manifest ille gality, was not condemned by the people of Eng land as immoral. It is unnecessary to say that his Royal Highness, in an eminent degree, retained the esteem and admiration of all classes, to the close of a long life, and the following extracts from the Court Circular will show the social estimation in which this legally void marriage has been held : March 30, 1840.—The Queen has been pleased to direct letters patent to be passed under the great seal, granting the dignity of a Duchess of the United Kingdom to the Right Honourable Lady Cecilia Underwood (eldest surviving daughter of Arthur Saunders, second Earl of Arran, by Elizabeth, his third wife, daughter of Richard Underwood, Esq., late of Dublin), by the title of Duchess of Inverness. Thursday, April 9th, 1840.—Her Majesty held a Drawing-room. Among the company were : Duchesses : Inverness, Buccleuch, Somerset, Northumber land, Roxburghe, Dowager Roxburghe. Monday, April 13th 1840.—Lord and Lady Dinorben entertained at dinner his Royal Highness the Duke:of Sussex and her Grace the Duchess of Inverness. The parties invited to them were their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Capua, and many of the elite of the nobility. Monday, August 10th, 1840.—Her Majesty gave a dinner party in the even ing. The company consisted of their Majesties the King and Queen of the Belgians, their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Kent, the Duchess of Gloucester, the Duke of Sussex, the Duke of Cambridge, and the Duchess of In verness. Wednesday, March 6th, 1861.—The Duchess of Inverness entertained their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Mary at dinner, at Ken sington Palace. A select party were invited to meet ther royal highnesses." It is, therefore, matter of historical record, that a union legally void may have the character of honourable matrimony, and such is the verdict which English society pronounces on the marriages with a deceased wife's sister which are every day taking place. The representatives of the nation have thirty times voted them lawful, and prelates and clergy hold them no disqualification for the communion of the church. THE WESTERN BANK. (From the 'Scotsman.) There is now, we learn, a probability that the litigations between the shareholders and the direc tors of the late Western Bank will be settled by a compromise. It may at least be taken as certain that matters have reached a position in which it rests with the shareholders to say whether they shall accept a certain sum now, or go on with the litigations in the hope of obtaining a larger sum hereafter. The question is at present before the courts in two shapes, or at least in two dis tinct actions—one by the liquidators on behalf of the whole body of shareholders, against the whole directors of the Bank in office at any time from 1847 down to the stoppage ; and the other Messrs. Inglis and Landale, and others of the shareholders who purchased subsequent to the issue of the directors' report of May, 1857, against the directors in office at that date. On the part of the directors of 1857—aimed at by thb special action of the purchasers in that year, as well as by the general action of the liquidators—an offer of a certain sum for an entire release was made a few days ago. That offer was declined. Subsequently, however, a suggestion came from a quarter assumed to be authorised by those parties, that the liquidators should name a sum which they could recommend the shareholders to accept. It is understood that the liquidators thereupon stated that if the directors of 1857, and all the directors from 1847, with the exception of Messrs. William and James Baird (who do not join in any present proposals), should together offer to pay the sum of £200,000 in full of all claims against them, both by individual share holders and by the general body, the liquidators would recommend such offer to be accepted, We do not know in what proportions this sum has been proposed to be assessed on the different directors who held office at periods of various date and dura tion ; but we assume that that was left for settle ment among themselves—and that it has been settled. Reasons have been given to the liquidators and the committee of shareholders to believe that the proposed terms will be accepted by the direc tors. The success of the proposed compromise depends very much upon the parties represented in the actions carried on in names of Messrs. Inglis and Landale assenting to the terms suggested by the liquidators. The case of these parties is in some respects different, and somewhat more simple than those of the shareholders who purchased at various earlier periods ; and in consideration of that and of other circumstances, the liquidators recommend that this class should have a certain prefer ence. The recommendation, we learn, is to the effect that the purchasers after the issue of the report of 1857 should receive £2O per share, in addition to the dividend common to all the shareholders. The recommendation includes those purchasers of 1857 who are not parties in the actions carried on in names of Messrs. Inglis and Landale ; but it is in tended that these litigants shall also have their expenses paid, and an enhanced preference in re spect of the diligence in the two cases. If the ar rangement be adopted, every ordinary shareholder e., every shareholder who purchased previous to the report of 1857) will probably receive at least £5O per share, of which £25 will be available im mediately. In addition to this, there is, of course, the chance or certainty of whatever sum may be obtained from Messrs. William and James Baird ; and we believe that opinions have been obtained from the highest counsel of the English as well as of the Scotch bar, that a compromise made with any one or more of the directors in no way bars or prejudices the claim against any of the others. The loss of the shareholders—reckoning the premium at which most of the purchases were made, as well as the par price, and the calls since the stoppage — is estimated, we believe, to average about £2OO per share. The following composed the board of directors in 1857 :—Messrs. T. D. Douglas, J. Dunlop, G. Burns, T. M'Call, T. D. Graham. T. G. Buchanan. The other directors from 1847 (including the two Messrs. Baird) are Messrs. J. Burns, S. Bogle (ju dicial factor for), J. Douglas (deceased, trustees of), A. Glasgow and A. Smith. These, of course, are gentlemen who offer to pay £200,000. It is under stood that they have already lost £150,000 in their capacity of shareholders. These proposals, if entertained by the individual litigants whose case is ready for trial, we presume, will be taken into consideration by the shareholders at an early meeting ; and the result, we should suppose, could not be confidently predicted. On the one hand the shareholders will be actuated by the very just conviction that they are entitled in the circumstances to all they can possibly obtain, heightened, it may be, by some not unnatural feeling of resentment ; and on the other hand, they will have to consider that "money down" is very attractive, that law is proverbially uncer tain, and above all, that, while litigations are sure to be protracted, no man with such responsibilities hanging over him is likely to accumulate riches against the evil day, but, besides the chance of growing poorer actually, is pretty certain to grow poorer ostensibly and for all purposes available to creditors. FROM THE GAZETTE OF LAST NIGET. WAU-OFFICE, PALL-MALL, MARCH 29. 19th Foot—Major...General Sir Abraham Josias Cloete, C. 8., to be Col one l , v i ce Li eutenant-General Sir W. Rowan, K.C.8., t rans f erre d t o th e 52d R eg i ment. 52d Foot — Lieutenant-General Sir William Rowan, K.C.8., from the 19th Foot, to be Colonel, vice General Sir Archi bald Maclaine, K.C.8., deceased. 2d Regiment of Life Guards—Frederick Stephens, Gent., to be Cornet and Sub-Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Stewart, promoted. 2d Dragoons—Lieutenant John Stansfeld, from the lst Foot, to be Lieutenant, vice Samuel Seggie, who ex changes. 4th Light Dragoons —Captain Henry Benjamin Pedder, from the Tipperary Artillery Militia, to be Cornet, without purchase, vice Cave-Browne-Cave, appointed to the 9th Light Dragoons; Staff Assistant-Surgeon Edwin IV ilson to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice Campbell, appointed to the 42d Foot. 18th Light Dragoons—Walter Yeldham, Gent., to be Cor net, by purchase, vice Tisdall, promoted. Military Train—Ensign Christian Fred. Gardner to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Alexander M'Donald, who retires. Ist Regiment of Foot—Lieutenant Samuel Seggie, from the 2d Dragoons, to be Lieutenant, vice John Stansfeld, who exchanges. _ _ sth Foot—William Assheton Eardley Wilmot, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice James Fergusson, appointed to the 73d Foot; Henry Robert William Miles, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Legge, promoted. 9th Foot—Edward John Algernon Smith, Gent., to be Ensign, by purche se, vice Arthur Piercy Cosens, ap pointed to the Ist West India Regiment. 12th Foot—Ensign Arthur Leroux Whipple to be Lieute nant, by purchase, vice Christopher Hodgson, who re tiree ; James Inge Duncan, Gent., to be Ensign, by pur chase, vice Latouche, promoted. 15th Foot—William Phineas Bury, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Grier, promoted. 17th Foot—Captain Arthur Charles Elliot, from the 94th Foot, to be Captain, vice Thomas George Brutton Atkin son, who exchanges. 21st Foot—Lieutenant Thomas Bunbury Eames, from the lot West India Regiment, to be Lieutenant, vice John Blaksley, who exchanges. 22d Foot—Ensign George Robert Henry Daubeney to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Ernest Theodore Evans, who retires. 24th Foot—First Lieutenant Thomas Carroll Dempster, from the Tipperary Artillery Militia, to be Ensign, with out purchase, vice Francis Arthur Holmes Yonge, who resigns. 25th Foot—Richard Thomas Higgins, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Praed Praed, promoted. 33d Foot—Lieutenant Hon. R. H. de Montmorency to be Captain, by purchase, vice John McKay McKenzie, who retires ; Ensign Frederick Easton to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Hon. R. H. de Montmorency. 42d Foot—Assistant-Surgeon John Charles Campbell, M.D., from the 4th Light Dragoons, to be Assistant- Surgeon, vice Maclean, appointed to the Royal Artil lery. 43d Foot—Coll McLeod, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Gerald Henry Baird Young, who retires. 49th Foot—Edward Foot Gilbert, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Roberts, promoted in the Ist West India Regiment. 50th Foot—Lieutenant Robert H. Patrick Doran to be Captain, by purchase, vice Tillbrook, promoted, by pur chase, to an ilnattached Majority. 54th Foot—Farrand Haig, Gent., to be Ensign, by pur chase, vice Lambard, promoted. 63d Foot—Henry Christopher Beadnell, Gent., t o b e En sign, by purchase, vice Smyth, promoted. 67th Foot—Robert Patch, Gent., to be Ensign, by pur chase, vice Fraser, promoted. 76th Foot—Lieut. Godfrey Goodman Mosley, from half pay, 7th Foot, to be Lieutenant, vice James Streets, who retires upon half-pay; Ensign F. Bullen Morris to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Mosley, who retires. 81st Foot—Ensign George Buchanan Bevan to be Lieu tenant, by purchase, vice Tristram Charles S. Speedy, who retires; Ensign Rowland Purdon, from the Kerry Militia, to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Bevan. 83d Foot—John Olphert Gage, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Edward Meyricke, who retires. 90th Foot—The second Christian name of Lieut. Murray is Paterson, and not Patterson, as hitherto s tated. 92d Fcot- 2 -Captain and Brevet-Major Edward Eldridge Haines, to be Major, without purchase, vice Mackenzie, promoted to an Unattached Lieut.-Colonelcy, without, purchase. 94th Foot—Capt. Thomas George Brutton Atkiason, from the 17th Foot, to be Captain, vice Arthur Chas. Elliot, who exchanges. Ist West India Regiment—Lieutenant John Blaksley, from the 21st Foot, to be Lieutenant, vice Thomas Bun bury Eames, who exchanges. Gold Coast Artillery Corps—Francis Charles Gavegan, Gent., to be Ensign, without purchase, vice George Kerr Ross, deceased. STAFF.—Captain George Bernard Morgan, from Town Ad jutant at Gibraltar, to be Town Major of that Garrison. UNATTACHED.—Captain Philip Limborch Tillbrook, from the 50th Foot, to be Major, by purchase; Captain and Brevet-Colonel Archibald Campbell, half-pay, 2d Ceylon Regiment, Staff Officer of the Pensioners, to be Major, without purchase. BREVET. Lieutenant-Colonel Edmund Augustus Whitmore, upon half-pay (Military Secretary to the General Commanding in Ireland), having, on Feb. 15, 1861, completed five years' continuous service as Lieutenant-Colonel, to have the rank of Colonel under the Bth clause of the Royal Warrant. Captain Richard William Wake, half-pay Royal African Corps, to be Major in the Army. Captain and Brevet Major Richard William Wake, half pay Royal African Corps, to be Lieutenant-Colonel in the Army. _ Captain Francis Pitts, half-pay Unattached, to be Major in the Army. Captain and Brevet-Major Francis Pitts, half-pay, Un attached, to be Lieutenant-Colonel in the Army. Paymaster Duncan Cameron M'Naughten, 13th Foot, to have the honorary rank of Captain under the Royal War rant of 27th January. The undermentioned promotions to take place conse quent on the death of General Henry James Riddell, Colonel of the 6th Foot, on the Bth. March, 1861 : Lieutenant-General Peter Augustus Latour, C. 8., Colo nel of the 3d Light Dragoons, to be General. Major-General William Cowper Coles, Lieutenant-Co lonel, on half-pay Unattached, to have the rank of Lieu tenant .General. Major-General John Eden, C. 8., Colonel of the 34th Foot, to be Lieuten an t -G enera l . Brevet-Colonel John Crofton, from Lieutenant-Colonel, half-pay Unattached, Assistant Military Superintendent of Pensioners, to be Major-General. Brevet - Lieutenant -Colonel Edward W. C. Wright, .lajor of a Depot Battalion, to be Colonel. Brevet-Major James William Graves, Captain, half-pay Unattached Staff Officer of Pensioners, to be Lieutenant- Colonel. Captain George Dean Pitt, 80th Foot, District Inspector of Musketry, to be Major. The undermentioned promotions to take place consequent on the death of General Sir Archibald Maclaine, K.C.8., Colonel of the 52d Foot, on the 9th March, 1861: Lieutenant-General Sir De Lacy Evans, G.C,8., Colonel of the 21st Foot, to be General. . _ Major-General the Hon. Charles Grey, Colonel of the 3d Foot, to be Lieutenant-General. Brevet-Colonel John Grattan, C. 8., from Lieutenant- Colonel, half-pay, 18th Foo to be Major-General. Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Alexander George Russell, Rifle Brigade, to be Colonel. Major Demetrius Wyndham Gravis James, 2d Foot, to be Lieutenant -Colonel. Captain John Vise O'Donnell, 27th Regiment, to be Major. The undermentioned promotions to take place consequent on the death of Lieut.• General Sir Lovell Benjamin Lovell, K.C.8., Colonel of the 12th Light Dragoons, on the 11th March, 1861: Major General William Lennox Lascelles Fitz Gerald Lord do Ros, Deputy Lieutenant of the tower, to be Lieu tenant-General. Brevet-Colonel the Hon. James Lindsay, from Lieut.- Colonel of the Ist or Grenadier Regiment of Foot Guards, to be Major-General. Brevet-Lieut.-Colonel George Anthony Leaton Blenkin sopp, Captain 45th Foot, to be Colonel. Major John James Grant, Royal Newfoundland Com panies, to be Lieutenant-Colonel. Captain Edward Bowen, 69th Foot, to be Major. The following promotions to take place in her Majesty's Indian Military Forces consequent on the deaths of— General James Welsh, Madras Infantry, on the 24th January, 1861; General Aleiander Fair, C. 8., Madras Infantry, on the 29th January, 1861; Major General William John Gairdner, C. 8., Bengal Infantry, on the 3d February, 1861; General Peter Delamotte, C. 8., Bombay Cavalry, on the sth February, 1861; and General Jerry Francis Dyson, Bombay Infantry, on the 20th February, 1861. TO BE GENERALS. Lieut.. Gen. Peter Lodwick, Bombay Infantry. Lieut.-Gen Suetorius Henry Todd, Bengal Infantry. Lieut -Gen. John Briggs, Madras Infantry. Lieut.-Gen. Harry Thomson, Bengal Cavalry. TO BE LIEUTENANT-GENERALS. Major Gen. David Capon, C. 8., Bombay Infantry. Major-Gen. Wm. Donald Robertson, Bombay Infantry. Major-Gen. Duncan Sim, Madras Engineers. Major. Gen. George Sandys, Madras Cavalry. TO BE MAJOR. GENERALS. Col. George Farquharson, Bengal Infantry. Col. William Robert Corfield, Bengal Infantry. Col. Robert St. John, Bombay Infantry. Col. Richard Horsford, Bengal Artillery. Col. John Christie, Bengal Cavalry. the undermentioned Officers retired upon full pay, to have a step of honorary rank, as follows : TO BE MAJOR-GENERALS. Col. Josiah Webbe Goldsworthy, Madras Infantry. Col. Herbert Jacob, Bombay Infantry. Col. Richard Rodney Ricketts, Madras Infantry. Col. Edward Hume Hart, Bombay Infantry. TO BE COLONELS. Lieutenant-Colonel John Powell, Bengal Infantry. Lieutenant-Colonel William Augustus Cooke, Bengal Infantry. Lieutenant-Colonel Frederick Burgoyne, Madras Artil lery. Lieutenant-Colonel Andrew Henry Duncan, Bengal In fantry. Lieutenant-Colonel Lionel Percy Denham Eld, Bengal Infantry. Lieutenant•-Colonel John Edward Mawdsley, Madras Artillery. TO RE LIEUTENANT COLONELS. Major Hayley Godfrey, Bombay Infantry. Major Hugh Higginson Bell, Madras Artillery. Major James G. Gaitskell, Bengal Infantry. Major Arthur Walton Onslow, Bengal Infantry. To BE MAJORS. Captain Archibald Montgomery Campbell, Madras In fantry. Captain Trevor Henry Shum, Bengal Infantry. Captain James Daun, Bombay Infantry. ME MORANDA. Major John Edward Riley, half-pay Unattached, has been permitted to retire from the service by the sale of his Commission, he being about to become a settler in North America. The undermentioned Officers, upon half-pay, have been permitted to retire from the Service by the sale of their Commissions, under the conditions of the Horse Guards, Circular Memorandum of February the 15th, 1861: — Captain and Brevet-Major B enry J. Coote; half-pay, 18th Foot. Captain Richard Wm. Wake, half-pay, Royal African Corps. Captain Francis Pitts, half-pay, Unattached. BANKRUPTS. Christopher Walker, smallware manufacturer, Manches • ter, to surrender April 17 and May 1, at twelve, at, the Manchester District Court. _ Samuel Del::liton, draper, Preston, April 11 and May 2, at twelve, at the Manchester District Court. James Hayden Gates, builder, Manor-street, Clapham, April 5, at eleven, and May 9, at two, at the Court of Bank ruptcy. William Craft, baker, Maidstone, April 11, at half-past twelve, and May 10 at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. William James Dalton, builder, Balham Hill, Surrey, April 8 and Ni ay 13, at twelve, at the Coil, t of Bankruptcy. Philemon Rolfe, chemist, Gravesend, April 8, at eleven, and May 6, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Benjamin Carman and Robert Bailey, cabinetmakers, Harwich, April 10, at half -past two, and May 14, at half past twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. William Probert, hop dealer, Worcester, April 11 and May 2, at eleven, at the Birmingham District Court. James Cowton, fruiterer, Birmingham, April 11 and May 2, at eleven, at the Birmingham District Court. Thomas Retaken, grocer, Swansea, April 8 and May 7, at eleven, at the Bristol District Court. William Thomas, innkeeper, Llantarnum, Monmouth shire, April 9 and May 7, at eleven, at the Bristol District Court. Benjamin Garfit Bottomley, ironmonger, Devonport, April 8 and May 6, at half-past twelve, at the District Court, Plymouth. George Griffin. grocer, Walsall, April 4 and 25, at eleren, at the Birmingham District Court. Joseph William Adlington, iron master, Oldbury, Wor cestershire, April 11 and May 2, at eleven, at the Birming ham District Court. George Drake, leather dresser, Saint Thomas's, Devon shire, April 10, atone, and May 8, at twelve, at the Exeter District Court. William Skinner, innkeeper, Bedcar, Yorkshire, April 16, and May 6, at eleven, at the Leeds District Court. Anthony Burton, grocer, Sheffield, April 13 and May 4, at ten, at the Council-hall, Sheffield. John Davis, manufacturer, Manchester, April 10 and 30, at twelve, at the Manchester District Court. John Fowler, sharebroker, Whitehaven, April 9, at twelve, and May 14, at one, at the Newcastle-upon-Tyne District Court. SCOTCH BANKRUPTS. George Husband Baird Brock, miller, Muiravonside, Stirling. Henry Antlett, wine merchant, Dundee. "William Davidson, grocer, Leith. Charles M'Laren, zinc and glass merchant, Glasgow. James Penny, grocer, Dundee. James Mullin, auctioneer and valuator, Glasgow. James Tait, plasterer, Edinburgh. BANK OF ENGLAND. An Account, pursuant to the Act 7th and Bth Victoria, cap. 32, for the week ending on Wednesday, the 27th day of March, 1861: ISSUE DEPARTMENT. Notes issued ......X26,377,065i Z 26,377,065; Government Debt £11,015,1 00 Other Securities .. 3,469,90 0 Gold Coin & Bullion 11,053,703 Silver Bullion .... 848,362 £26,377, 065 Proprietors' Capi tal £14,553,000 Rest Public Deposits (in cluding Exche quer, Savings' Banks, Commis - missioners of Na tional Debt, and Dividend Ac- :PARTMXNT. Government Seen- ritlesAincluding Dead Weight A nnuity) £10,599,0 7, Other Securities 19467,5 25 Notes Gold and Silver Coin 953,891 counts) 8,415,844 Other Deposits 11,104,930 Seven Day and other Bills 573,232 £38,487,931 M,; £38,487,98 1 ,RSHALL, Chief Cashier. Dated March 28,1861. AVERAGE PRICE OF SUGAR. The Average)? rice of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, corn' puted from lif,turns made in the week ending the 26th do of March, 1861, exclusive of the duties of Customs paid or payable thereon on the importation thereof into Great Britai,a riuszovado, the produce of the British pos-. PER CWT• sessions in America . 23s 20 Muscovado, the produce:of the Mauritius .. 24s Bld Muscovado, the produce of the East Indies.. 28s 4d Average price of the foregoing .. 24a 4id RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. TRAFFIC RETURNS FOR THE WEEK. Miles Opened. RegTipts._ 1861. 1860. ' 1861. 1860, 401 122 17} 31 67 499 142 930 24,078 6,161 3,344 25 895 14 241 448 76,798 1,400 17,001 14,103 943 Railways. Ballymena and Port Rush Belfast and N, Counties Belfast and Comity Down Birkd., Lane., & Ches. June Blyth and Tyne Bristol and Exeter Caledonian Cockermouth & Workington Cork and Bandon Cork, Blackrock, & Passage Cork and Youghal Cornwall Deeside Dublin & Belfast Junction Dublin and Drogheda Dub. & Wicklow (in. Kings t ) Dundalk and Enniskillen Dundee and Arbroath Dundee, Perth, & Aber. Jun East Anglian E.Counties,Nrik.,&E.Union Edinburgh and Gla , ,',gow Edinburgh, Pertb,&Dundee Forth & Clyde Junction Furness Glasgow & South-Western Great Northern Great North of Scotland f it.Southn. & Westn.(lrind ) Great Western Inverness & Aberdeen June Irish South-Eastern Lancashire & Yorkshire Leominster and Rington Limerick and Ennis... Limerick and Foynes Lianelly London & North-Western London and Blackwall London & South-Western . Lond. Brighton, & S. Cof.ist. London, Chatham, & Dover Lond., Tilbury, & Southend alan.,Sheffiold,&Lincolnsh Manch. S.Jun.&Altri•ncham j Maryport and Carlisle Midland (incl. N.-Western) Midland Gt.Westn. of 'rind. Monkland Monmouthsh. Rail. & Canal Newcastle and Carlisle North British (incl. Selkirk and Galashiels) ..... North Devon N-F, as tern(Bedale AzLeybrn) North London North Staffordshire . Oswestry and Newton Rhymney St. Helen's Canal & Railway Scottish Central Scottish North-Eastern Shrewsbury & Birmingham Shrewsbury and Chester Shrewsbury & Hereford Shropshire Union South Devon South-Eastern South Wales S. Yorkshire and River Dan Stockton and Darlington Taff Vale Ulster Ulverstone and Lancaster Vale of Clwyd. Vale of Neath Waterford and Kilkenny Waterford and Limerick West Cornwall W. Hartlepool H arbr. &Rail West Midland W' haven,Cleator,&Egrmnt. Whitehaven Junction Whitehaven & Furness Jun 1 FOREIGN AND COLONIAL. Antwerp and Rotterdam 1 Austrian Belgian Eastern Junction Buffalo and Lake Huron Demerara (fortnight) Detroit and Milwaukie Dutch Rhenish Eastorn of France Grand Trunk of Canada Great Indian Peninsula.— Great Luxembourg Great Western of - Canada , Lyons and Geneva Madrid, Saracgossa &Alicant Northern of Canada Northern of France Norwegian Trunk Paris, Lyons, & Mediterrn Paris end Orleans Paris and Strasburg Royal Danish Sambre and Meuse South Austrian ••••••• Southern of France Weiland.... West Flanders W. and N.W. of France ::: 48 51 29 72 306 1711 118 123 27i 39 162 828 26 161 308 171 k 118 119 274 39 158 12 35 673 26 1 161 660 1,765 3,241 3,863 1,869 970 2,888' 16,726 6,880 3,624 7,386 4,016 1,614 158 1,60 - 273 1,073 721 4,546 6,773 413 921 35,122 239 :1,459 567 1,959 3,046 3,800 731 30,48 v 27 8 LOS 1,821 3,432 52,632 13,009 4;370 2,852 9,410 6,007 14,904 1,369 672 86,186 53,917 1,451 20,105 1, 8 1! 42, 393 11, 601 3,0.7 2,2 1 ` 8.7! 11,02 4 975 876 37,156 - 55 0 66, 80 ,,„ g 40,vv" 1, 302 17,g45 g 52 37,E BIRTHS. DOWNING.—On the 28th inst., the wife of H. B. DoNvII e Esq., of N o . 48, G u ildf or d- stree t, Russell-square, ° son. .TOHNSTONE —On the 25th inst., at Raehills ' Dui:off -I°r shire, N. 8., Mrs. R. G. Hope Johnston e , o f a son. d e WOOD.—On tho 27th inst., at Richmond, Surrey, the 11 ' of Thomas L. Wood, barrister-at-law, of a daughter. MARRIAGES. FABER—FooKEs.—On the 18th ult., at Secunder 9 to Harvey Rhodes Faber, Esq., Madras E ng i ne erfh ltes , Maria Georgina, daughter of the Rev. Thos. B. FO D.C.L., of Thame, Oxfordshire. DEATHS. BAIL.—On the 20th inst., at Greonford, Charles 13511 Esq., aged 71. e ldes t BROCAS.—On the 22d inst., Bernud Brocas, Esq., - ; r e f .) son of the late Bernard Brocas, Esq of BeoureP'' Hants, aged 34. DAVIS.—On the 23d inst., accidentally and suddenly, IV: jamin, second son of Mr. Lewis Davis, of Plume ° Kent, and Sussex-gardens, Hyde-park, aged 27. a t PEEL —Ott the 27th inst., a 2, Great Stanhope -sire the Lady Jane Peel. PARKER.—On the 28th inst., Captain George H. ptrriolgeff; while on a visit to Wm. era m brook, of Elton • Walham. green, aged 69. 44,11# SPERRY.—On the 26th inst., at Clarence Villa, C hoi,- ham, James Sperry, Esq., aged 78. WILLIAMS.—On the 24th inst., at Blackheath, Thomas Williams, M.D., aged 73. ,-,. Of LONDON : Printed and P ublished b y M URDO You Nu , A . No. 112, Strand, Prin ter, at TUE SUN °Mee, No. 112,Strili; in the Precinct o f the Savo y. in the County of noddle. Satardity. March 30, PM ' 31 674 499 142 An' Life. Thi Th th, -~ G' Re] --- t ter 12,i 101 PC It] Lc 125 219} 8 20 183 f 283 1991 35 761 9 246 125 2:91 8i 1831 283 249 57A,2 339 - 2231 194 40 173} 9 28 6144 177 1521 35 764 9 233 x 1,502 561 1,303 6,004 13,891 245 307 246 1,211 278 1,301 1,720 1,282 1,4 65 87 7 L 123 224 1,252 7,392 25,133 1,819 7,790 37,694 215 33,678 166 225 932 11,601 984 1,253 38,287 4,222 1,558 2,241 3,590 5,761 451 37,005 2,450 17687 339 1,51 0 507 1,44 8 8,059 12,9 4 _1 2ttu 291 5,1245 u! 85,8 81 7,80 Esly Jo n Hen IP. kesi Poll tab out Levin Jam Tho A T' surer biviE krofi ;Sit Alno ca s h, Bout A f Assu alum bran eioe4 LC Est: Iniui L( Yalu, A: Oeive 31] for 1 Na at L Oflic Fall. Xing I,c k;om ~~ Ind Of beau ter, trail aQ th e i And RA]