The Sun. — London, England, 1827-07-12 00:00:00

TREATY FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF GREECE. ce In the name of the most Holy and Undivided Trinity, " His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, his Majesty the King of France and Navarre, and his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, penetrated with the necessity of putting an end to the sanguinary contest which, by delivering up the Greek provinces and the Isles of the Archipelago to all the disorders of anarchy, pro duces daily fresh impediments to the commerce of the European States, and gives occasion to piracies, which not only expose the subjects of the High Con tracting Parties to considerable losses, but besides render necessary burdensome measures of protection and repression ; his Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and his Ma jesty the King of France and Navarre, having be sides received, on the part of the Greeks, a pressing , request to interpose their mediation with the Otto man Porte,,and being, as well as his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, animated by the desire of stopping the effusion of blood, and of arresting the evils of all kinds which might arise from the conti nuance of such a state of things, have resolved to - unite their efforts, and to regulate the operation thereof by a formal treaty, with the view of re establishing peace between the contending parties by means of an arrangement which is called for as much by humanity as by the interest of the repose of Europe. " Wherefore they have nominated their Plenipo tentiaries to discuss, agree upon, and sign the said Treaty, viz. " His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Right Hon. Wil liam Viscount Dudley, Peer of the United King dom of Great Britain and Ireland, Councillor of his Britannic Majesty in his Privy Council, and his Principal Secretary of State for the Department of Foreign Affairs; " His Majesty the King of France and Navarre, the Prince Jules Count de Poligtiac, Peer of France, Knight of the Orders of his Most Chris tian Majesty, Major-General of his Armies, Grand Cross of the Order of St. Maurice of Sardinia, &c. &c., and his Ambassador to his Britannic Ma jesty; " And his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russia:, Christopher Prince de Lieven, General of Infantry of the Armies of his Imperial Majesty, his Aide-de camp General, Knight of the Orders of Russia, of those of the Black Eagle and of the Red Eagle of Prussia, of that of the Guelphs of Hanover, Com mander Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword, and of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, his Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to his Britannic Majesty; " Who, after having communicated their full powers, and found the same in good and due form, agreed upon the following articles " Art. I. The contracting Powers will offer to the Ottoman Porte their mediation, with the view of bringing about a reconciliation between it and the Greeks. " This offer of mediation shall be made to this Power immediately after the ratification of the Treaty, by means of a collective declaration, signed by the Plenipotentiaries of the Allied Courts at Constantinople • and there shall be ma d e , at t h e same time, to the two contending parties, a demand of an immediate armistice between them, as a preli minary condition indispensable to the opening of any negotiation. " Art. 11. The arrangement to be proposed to the Ottoman Porte shall rest on the following bases :—The Greeks shall hold of the Sultan, as of *superior lord*; and, in consequence of this supe ziority, they shall pay to the Ottoman Empire an a n nNal tribute (relief), the amount of which shall be fixed, once for all, by a common agreement. — They shall be governed by the authorities whom they snail them ewes choose ana nominate, •... the nomination of whom the Porte shall have a de terminaw voice. To bring about a complete separation between the individuals of the two nations, and to prevent the collisions which are the inevitable consequence of so long a struggle, the Greeks shall enter upon pos sessicn of the Turkish property situated either on zbe continent or in the isles of Greece, on the con dition of indemnifying the former proprietors, either by the payment of an annual sum, to be added to the tribute which is to be paid to the Porte, or by vome other transaction of the same nature. Art. JII. The details of this arrangement, as well as the limits of the territory on the continent, and the designation of the islands of the Archipelago to which it shall be applicable, shall be settled in a subsequent negociation between the High Powets and the two contending parties. " Art. IV. The Contracting Powers engage to follow up the salutary work of the pacification of Greece on the bases laid down in the preceding articles, and to furnish without the least delay their representatives at Constantinople with all the in structions which are necessary for the execution of the treaty now signed. " Art. V. The Contracting Powers will not seek in t tiese arrangements any augmentation of territory, .:Ilusive influence, any commercial ad va nt age any ex for their objects, which the subjects of any other nation may not equally obtain. " Art. vl. The arrangements of reconciliation and peace, which shall be definitively agreed upon be tween the conten dog, , parties, shall be g uarantee d by such of the signing k .owers as shall judg e it use f u l or possible to contract the obligation : the mode of the effects of this guaractee shall become the object of subsequent stipulations between the High Powers. " Art. VII. The present treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged in two months, or sooner if possible. " In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentia ries have signed, and sealed it with their arm,. " Done at London, July 6, 1827. _ _ _ " DUDLEY, " POLIGNAC, " LIEVEN." ADDITIONAL AND SECRET ARTICLE. " In case that the Ottoman Porte does not accept, within the space of one month, the mediation which shall be proposed, the High Contracting Parties agree upon the following measures : " 1. It shall be declared, by their representatives at Constantinople to the Porte, that the inconve niences and eN ils pointed out in the public treaty as inseparable from the state of things subsisting in the East for the last six years, and the termination of which, through the means at the disposal of the Sublime Porte, appears still remote, impose upon the High Contracting Parties the necessity of taking immediate measures for an approximation with the Greeks. " It - is to be understood that this approximation shall be brought about by establishin g commercial relations with the Greeks, by sending t o t h em f or that purpose, and receiving from them, Consula r Agents, so long as there shall exist among th em authorities capable of maintaining_ such relations. " 2. If within the said term of one month, the Porte do not accept the armistice proposed in the first article of the public treaty, or i f the Greeks refuse to execute it, the High Contracting Powers shall declare to that one of the two contending parties which shall wish to continue hostilities, or to both if such be come necessary, that the said High Contracting Powers intend to exert .all the means w hi c h circum stances may suggest to their prudence to obtain the immediate effect of the armistice, the executi on o f which ri.ey desire, by preventing, i n as far as may be in their power, all collision between the contend ing parties, and, in fact, immediately after the afore said declaration, the High Contracting Powers will conjointly employ all their means in the accom plishment of the object .thereof, without, however, 4 , Suzerain is the term used: it belongs to the feudal " and signified Lord Paramount. taking any part in the hostilities between the two contending parties. " In consequence, the High Contracting Powers will, immediately after the signature of the present additional and secret article, transmit eventual in structions conformable to the provisions above set forth, to the Admirals commanding their squadrons in the seas of the Levant. " 3. Finally, if, contrary to all expectation, these measures do not yet suffice to induce the adoption by the Ottoman Porte of the propositions made by the High Contracting Parties, or if, on the other hand, the Greeks renounce the conditions stipulated in their favour in the treaty of this day, the High Contracting Powers will, nevertheless, continue to prosecute the work of pacification on the bases agreed upon between them ; and, in consequence, they authorize from this time forward their repre- sentatives in London to discuss and determine the ulterior measures to which it may become necessary to resort. " The present additional and secret article shall have the same force and value as if it had been in serted, word for word, in the treaty of this day. It shall be ratified, and the ratifications thereof shall he exchanged, at the same time as those of the said treaty. "In faith whereof the respective Plenipoten tiaries have signed it, and have thereto affixed the seals of their arms. " Done at London, this 6tla of July, in the year of Grace 1S 7. " DUDLEY. " POLIGNAC. " LIEVEN." THE GREEKS. APPEAL rOR SUPPORT TO LORD COCHRANE AND GENERAL CHURCH, IN FAVOUR OF THE GREEKS. LONDON, JULT f 1. The unfortunate affair of Athens is known to the world, and to give farther details on that subject would now be useless. I have received long reports from Lord Cochrane, General Church, Colonel Heideick, and M. Gosse. The principal facts are true, but parts have been exaggerated. The follow ing statement is correct : " Killed on the field of battle, 700; prisoners, 240, in cluding 18 Philhellcnians of different countries. Kiutacki, supposing that Lord Cochrane and General Church were among the Europeans, had the prisoners brought before him, and, after carefully examining them, made the 18 Europeans be poniarded before his eyes, and ordered the 222 Greeks to be afterwards massacred. The clemency of Kiutacki, on the taking of Athens, was forced upon him by the presence of the English and French ships of war. His clemency is the artifice of the tiger." The expedition for the relief of Athens has ex hausted a great part of the funds remitted by Euro pean beneficence, and has once more disorganized the Greeks. In consequence of the want of re sources, part of the troops dispersed, but Kiutacki could not pursue them. His army is suffering from famine. The communications by which he might obtain provisions are cut off, and the reduction of Athens will not re-open them. Ibrahim has resumed his excursions ; but he also suffers from want, and provisions cannot reach him while the Greek vessels continue to cruise on the coast. Lord Cochrane has got ready 15 brigs, 6 galliots, and 5 fire-ships ; but he is in want of money to pay the seamen. He writes to me as follows, under date the 28th of May, from on board his frigate, in sight of Navarin : " I am here watching the Turkish fleet in the port of Navarin. It consists of 14 frigates, from 30 to 40 cor vettes, and several small vessels. With a single frigate I cannot destroy them, and our Greek sailors are not yet sufficiently distiplined to attempt any decisive blow. I have ordered a small flotilla to be fitted out; but I have not the means of paying it; what it: to be done ? I have not changed my opinion as to the means of destroying the Turkish fleet, and it I receive the steam-vessels which I have so long looked fur, I shall yet keep my promise with you. If lam supplied with funds to pay the flotilla which I am about to have, I shall attempt every thing possible to be done with such slender means." " The affair t.f Athena has been disastrous for Greece; hut there is no reason to despair if we have resources for ,)crying the troops. The dispersed soldiers will hasten to return as soon as they are furnished with the means of subsistence. The army of Kiutacki is in a destitute state, and cannot pursue the Greeks in their mountains. If we had funds, the mischief would still be repaired.' Under the date of the 25th of'May, M. Gosse writes:— " The efforts made to save Athens before the arrival of Kiutacki's reinforcements, and the disbursements for the equipment of the fleet, have exhausted all our resources. Lord Cochrane displays talent, activity, genius, and a won derful perseverance—what resources this extraordinary man possesses ! Had the steam-boats been with him, there would not now be a Turkish fleet in existence. The hope of Greece is in her navy. If memis be placed at Lord Cochrane's disposal, Greece may yet be saved. I send you the names of 18 Philhellenians whom Kiutacki ordered to be decapitated." M. Heideck writes from Poros, May 20 : " The misfortunes of Athens are great. Things how ever are not desperate, if General Church and Lord Coch rane be supplied with new resources. The Turks are in want of provisions, and if the ♦essels stationed off Negro pont continue to cruise successfully, Kiutacki will be de stroyed by famine. I send you by one of our officers the details of our expences. You will see that the supplies have been carefully distributed, but we want means to go on." In a letter dated May 15, Mr. Blaquiere writes:— " Several friends of General Church promised that they would assist us as soon as they should be informed of his being appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Army. This is the time for them to fulfil their promise." Afflicting as are these details, they prove that Greece still exists, and may yet be saved, if means be afforded to the commanders who have devoted themselves to her defence. Those commanders are two Englishmen. Their courage, their perseverance, and the manner in which they have devoted them selves to the cause, entitle them to the aid of their friends and countrymen. Fresh supplies of every kind, in provisions, ammunition, and money, have been forwarded to the commissions in aid of the un fortunate Greeks. The funds of the several Euro pean Committess have served to procure these last supplies, but they are completely exhausted, and it is now indispensably necessary that the two gallant English Commanders who are exposing their lives in this great cause should be promptly supported, and fur nished by the generosity of their countrymen with a part of the means necessary for the execution of their plans. Never was there a moment when the support of Greece was more important. Her destiny occu pies the attention of the European Powers. Fleets are about to be put in motion to prevent her entire destruction; but in order that this protection should be useful, it i; necessary that the existence of Greece should be preserved. and that the Turks should be prevented from availing themselves of the terror caused by the disasters of Athens to finish the work of blood which they have commenced. The Greek cause has been rendered unpopular in England by many circumstances, to which I do not choose to advert, but which are well known in Lon don. This, however, is the moment when what has passed should be forgotten, and when succour should, without delay, be afforded to a nation borne down by every kind of misfortune Greece still possesses three principal fortresses, viz. Napoli di Romania, Napoli di Malvoisia, and Corinth. All the islands are still in the power of the Greeks — Hydra, Spezzia, Poros, Salamini, Egina, &c., and the fortress of Grationza, in Candia, This, then, I repeat, is the moment to succour the unfortunate Greek nation. Several friends of Lord Cochrane and General Church have offered to contribute to a general sub scription in favour of the Greeks, on condition that the funds shall be exclusively applied to the support of the land and sea forces under the direction of those commanders. I feel assured that Englishmen will not fail to support their countrymen in such a cause. I therefore invite the friends of the two illustrious Commanders to open two subscriptions--one destined to support the operations under Lord Cochran ; the other those under General Church. But, as to be useful the amount of the subscriptions must be considerable, and as it would be unjust that some sealous individuals should uselessly sacrifice their funds, I purpose that the subscriptions shall not be binding until each list amount to at least 1,500/. or 2,0001. I subscribe for each list 1504 J. G. EYNARD. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. FRENCH PAPERS. (From the Gazette de France, dated Tieeeday, July 10.) ROME, JUNE 27.—1 n the Secret Consistory, held the day before yesterday, his Holiness proposed Bishops for several vacant sees ; among others, Joachim Gonsalvo de Andreade, for the Bishopric of St. Paul (in the West Indies); and Marc An tonio de Souza, for the Bishopric of St. Louis de Maragn an... _ . Hii Holiness afterwards created and proclaimed Cardinals Monsignore Neselli, Apostolic Nuncio to the Swiss Confederation, and M. d'lssouard, Se nior of the Sacred Rota. His Holiness also announced, that he intended to have service performed in the Pontifical Chapel, for the soul of his Majesty John VI., Emperor of Brazil and King of Portugal. " PARIS, JULY 9.—A letter from Corneto, in Italy, says that three tombs have been discovered there, adorned with Etruscan paintings and inscrip tions in good preservation. It is hoped that this discovery will greatly contribute to increase our in sight into the Etruscan antiquities. " The Moniteur contains an extremely long ar ticle (copied into the Gazette de France), which is a kind of expose or review of the state of things in France since the latter end of 1821. The military conspiracies—the intrigues of the revolutionary party—its triumph at Madrid—its confident expec tation of a similar triumph in France—the Congress of Vienna—the Spanish expedition under the Duke d'Angouleme—the dissolution of the Chambers— the flourishing state of public credit—the plan for redeeming the interest of the national debt, by the conversion of the five per cent. into three per cent. stock—the failure of that measure, and the audacious language of the journals, which rendered the censor ship necessary—the accession of Charles X., and his abolition of the censorship, after it had continued only six weeks. Steril magnanimity !' says the Moniteur, almost as soon as it was emancipated, the press returned to the fatal direction which bad rendered the censorship necessary only a few weeks before.' " On viewing with an impartial eye this period of 34 months, we think it will be well filled up. A great wound healed—viz., the military conspiracies ; a great amelioration perfected ; the improvement of the public funds ; a great influence reconquered; the pacification of Spain ; a great guarantee added to the public security; the septennial duration of the Chambers. Our readers already see the infer ence to be drawn from this expose, but it is best to leave it to be drawn of itself." (From the Journal des Debats.) (PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE.) MADRID, JUNE 28.—The Council of Ministers sat yesterday for about four hours, to discuss the re ports of the Councils of Castile and the Indies, re specting our differences with the Pope. A. few hours after the breaking up of the Council, dispatches were sent to General Fumes, and the report is, that they contain instructions which will make the en trance of Mr. Tiberi into Spain more and more dif ficult, but as to what has been said in addition, that the Charge d'Affaires of Rome might be forced to leave our Capital, the rumour is altogether false ; no change will take place with respect to that Diplo matic Agent. M. de Labrador, who is now in Paris, is ap pointed our Ambassador Extraordinary to Rome; his credentials were sent to him to Paris on the 25th. The Council of State will meet the day after to morrow, to decide definitively - regarding the admis sion of M. Tiberi, as well as the nature of the de wbic't. mt. de Labrador is to make. The great majority of this Council is favourable to the Pope's interests ; and it is almost certain, that not withstanding the intention which the Ministry ap pear to have of maintaining the ancient rights of the Monarchy, the great influence of the Clergy will succeed, and that the Minister will be obliged to yield. The Father Cyril d'Alameda, who is at present at Alcantara,ain a convent belonging to his order, is on the eve of being prosecuted, on account of our discussions with the Pope. The cause is this— Cardinal Justiniani had repeatedly tried, during the Ministry of the Duke del Infantado, to procure the recognition of the New States of America ; but having always failed, he endeavoured to effect, that the briefs for the Canonical Institution of the American Bishops should notbe subjected to the erequatur of the Court of Madrid; and Father Cyril, who wished to be a Cardinal, had offered to aid this latter negociation by every means in his power, but it also failed as com pletely as the former ones. Father Cyril, however, who wished, at any rate, to obtain the red hat, in sinuated to M. Justiniani that the Republics of America having been recognised by England, and several European Governments, would speedily be acknowledged by the others; that the Court of Rome ought to take a decisive part, and that he (Father Cyril) and his friends, would have sufficient credit to prevent the consequences of the ill humour which the conduct of the Holy See might cause at the Court of Madrid. These insinuations have, it is said, powerfully contributed to all that has been done at Rome without our consent. Meanwhile, Mr. Colon, then our Minister at Rome, attaining a knowledge of all that was passing, informed the Duke del Infantado of it, and the banishment of Father Cyril followed as a conse quence; but Mr. Aparici, who, after the death of Mr. Colon, (to whom he was Secretary of Lega tion), had become Charge d'Affaires, has been able to procure not only complete information respecting the intrigue, but also documents which he has trans mitted to Mr. Salmon, and in consequence of which these reports with regard to Father Cyril hare been spread. (From the Quotidienne.) PARIS, JULY 9.—The Journal de Nantes an nounces that the King has sent to Viscount Walsh a sum of 2,000 franca for the erection of the monu ment to General Charette. Mr. Diwoffpecretary to the Russian Embassy at Paris, has arrived at St. Petersburg with dis patches, which are supposed to relate to the affairs of Greece. THIS DAY.—SECOND EDITION._.. pace is. —Th e SPHYNX.—The whole impression of 3,000 copies of the First Number of this New Sunday Paper, edited by Mr. BUCKINGHAM, having been entirely disposed of,.—nearly the half of these being sold at the Office of Publication, 147, Strand, without including the eopies de spatched by Orders to the Country,--a Second Edition has been sent to Press, and will be ready for delivery this day. This Edition is distinguished by a new feature in the title head, to give it a more distinct and separate identity, and is printed on a paper of a finer quality, being that origin ally intended for the First Edition, but which, as stated in a notice to that effect, did not reach town from the Paper Mills in time for the first issue.—The Second Number will have a Country Edition ready for the Post of Saturday Night, and a Town Edition ready for delivery by Four o'Clock on Sunday Morning.-147, Strand.--Wednesday, July 11, 1827. A cube of gold, of little more than five inches on each side, contains the value of 10,0001. sterling. FRUITFULNEss.—A woman at the Horse Barracks has lately been delivered of three dead children. She has been married nine years, and within that time ha s given birth to 18 children. It is rather remarkable that when the regiment was last stationed here, she gave birth to three still-born infants. —Brighton Gazette. PRICES OP IRISH Bank Stock SU Consols, 3 per cent. 8514 Goy. Stock, 3% percent. 92 I Ditto, New 9l 4 per Cent. 100 U ' Gov. Deb. 3% per cent. Royal Canal Stock ... Grand Canal Stock City Deb. 4 per cent Ballast Office Deb. 4 p. ct STOCIS, JULY 9. St. Patrick lnsur. (per Ms.) Royal Irish Ditto — National Ditto — Patriotic Ditto — Hibernian Bank — Provincial Ditto — Royal Irish Mine — Imperial Mine .... ..... Mining Co. of Ireland Commercial Buildings HIGH WATTS,. AT LONDON ➢RIDGE TO-MORROW. Morning ... 6 minutes .zfter L. I Evening... 13 minutes after S. rt r LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 12, 1827. In another column will be found the Treaty which was signed on the 6th inst. by the Pleni potentiaries of Great Britain, France, and Rus sia, for effecting peace between the Ottoman Porte and Greece, together with the additional and secret Article, determining the measures to be adopted in case the Porte does not, within one month, accept the mediation proposed.— We copy these interesting documents from our cotemporary, the Timer, to whose means of in formation abroad even the smite of diplomacy appear to be open. It will be observed that the primary object ofthis Treaty is, t o p ut an e nd to the h os tiliti es wag i ng between the two countries, and thereby stop the further effusion of human blood, and arrest the evils of all kinds which might arise from the son tinuance of the present state of things. Its next object is, to secure for Greece a Govern ment which, if not actually independent of the Porte, shall possess many of the advantages of independence ; and in the attainment of these objects the High Contracting Powers bind them selves not to seek any arrangements of territory, any exclusive influence, or any commercial ad vantage for their subjects, which the subjects of any other nation may not equally obtain. The Secret Article, which as in most other Treaties, is the most important, stipulates that it shall be announced to the Porte that the High Contracting Parties intend to send Consular Agents to Greece, and that if the Porte do not accept in one month the Armistice proposed, or the Greeks refuse to sign it, the High Contract ing Parties will conjointly employ all their means in the accomplishment of their object, without, however, taking any part in the hostilities be tween the two contending parties. And finally, if these measures should fail, the High Powers will continue to prosecute the work of pacifica tion, for which purpose they authorize their Re presentatives in London to discuss and determine the ulterior measures to which it may become ne cessary to resort. That the object for which this Treaty is en tered into, and the principles on which it is founded, are just, cannot be denied ; but the well-known policy of the Turkish Government, and the character of the present SULTAN, lead us to apprehend that those ulterior measures, which are left to be hereafter settled between the Representatives of the High Powers, will alone effect the pacification of Greece and its limited independence. That Great Britain will faithfully and honourably fulfil every conditition of this Treaty, as she has ever done the conditions of all other treaties into which she has entered, is is equally undeniable ; bat that Russia will not seise the present occasion to promote, if not actually to accomplish, her long-sought object with regard to Turkey, can hardly be believed : and when we consider the conflicting interests of the three mighty Powers, whose fleets are to act for the accomplishment of the objects of the Treaty, and the jealousies which these proceed ings may excite in other great Powers, we can not feel that security as to the future conse quences of our conjoint exertions in the cause of humanity, which the cause itself, and the very necessity of our interference, deserve. When fleets or armies are once in motion, circum stances occur which no human foresight can guard against, and results too frequently ensue of a nature entirely opposite to those for which the equipment was undertaken. We received last night, in due course, the Paris Papers of Monday, from which we have given several extracts in another column, as well as from the Gazette de France of Tuesday, the receipt of which we mentioned in our Paper of yesterday. With the exception of the retrograde movement of the Spanish army, which we then announced, there is nothing importaait in Ray of the papers : and even that movement appears to have arisen from local circumstances rather than from any political cause. The Moniteur gives an extremely long article, containing an expose or review of the state of things in France since the latter end of 1821, the object of which is to prove that the present Ministry is entitled to the confidence of the French nation. FRENCiI FUNDS, JULY 9.--Five per Cents. 102 f. 85e. ; Three per Cents. 72f. Bie. • Bank &sick, 2,02 0 f. ; Nea politan, 77f. 90e. ; Spanis h Loan, 1823, 64 —Exchange on London, one month, Paper (no quotation) ; Money, 25f. 30c. ; Three Months, Paper (no quotation); Money, 25f. 20c. We received last night Dutch Papers to the oth instant, fibm which the following are ex- ,racts : AmBTR"Ahly Jut 9.—Yesterday arrived here his Highness Prince George, Duke of Mecklenburgh, and set out again to-day for Bremen. The Russian frigate Con stantine, Capt. H. Gruchoff, from St. Petersburgh, ar rived in the Texel yesterday. It had on board Prince Nikita Gregorien Wolchonski 111., who is now in this city. His Majesty, by a Decree of 29th June, has ordered that the Hague shall participate in the benefits of the Royal Resolution of 25th March, according to which, a sum of 20,000 florins shall be annually paid out of the Public Treasury for the purchase of good works of art by masters of our own country. As part of the sum allotted lie year to the purchase of pictures in the Brumesls exhibition was not employed, some purshases shall be made, and prises given for the exhibitions, which ie to take place at the Hague. Some of our contemporaries have endeavoured to throw discredit on the Act for relaxing the Charter of the Bank of England, by stating that only three Joint Stock Companies have been formed under it, and that only two Private . Banks have availed themselves of the permission to increase the number of their partners. Now surely it is too much to argue that a system is bad, because it does not instantly supplant another, which had taken deep root in the lapse of time. Just as well might one say that the enlightened doctrines of the Protestant Faith are not superior to the mystified errors of the Catholic religion, which still maintains its hold over millions of the human race, though cen turies have elapsed since the glorious light of the Reformation first burst on the enslaved and benighted world. The object of the late Act evidently was to assimilate the Banking System in England to that which has long prevailed in the neighbour ing kingdom of Scotland. Now, just let us consider these two systems, and reflect on the difficulty of suddenly exchanging one for the other. That in Scotland is easily described, there being no mystery about it, since any in dividual, or set of individuals, has free power to issue promissory notes, so that they can find per sons ready to take those which they wish to circu late. But in England it was a far different case. For the sake of getting a pitiful loan, (and that not on very favourable terms), from the Bank of England—the Government of this mighty Empire sold to that disinterested body, the exclusive privilege of issuing notes within a certain distance of London—that is, they agreed that the Bank of England should have no rivals in the confidence of the Public, and for that purpose the number of partners was limited in all Private Banks within the territory thus consigned over to these great monopolists, for the special exercise of their financial opera tions. The natural consequence has been that Banking in England has been confined to men possessing, or supposed to possess, immense wealth, whereas in Scotland, no limit being there set to the number of partners, men of all ranks may be holders of Bank Stock, and Bankers are not an exclusive and separate class of society. But, however desirable it might be for this country to have greater security than a few individuals can generally afford, it is far from probable that those English Bankers who stood the brunt of last year's run upon them, will during a period of security, admit to a share of their profits, an unlimited number of partners, for whose assistance they hive now no occasion. Public spirit may induce individuals to form Joint Stock Banking Companies, where the failure of Private Banks has left an opening, but it is evident, that the operation of a general change may be protracted through many years. This, however, can form no argument for re tracing our steps, and departing from those prin ciples of free trade, which (notwithstanding all the obloquy attached to them by bigotted ignorance) are as essential to the body politic as the free air of Heaven is to the natural constitution. The increased intelligence of succeeding ages has proved that the bolstering up of the one by vindictive duties, or insane bounties, is equally erroneous, with the unnatural remedies and eternal physicking which our ancestors reckoned essen tial to the preservation of bodily health. It appears by the City intelligence, that the Government have very properly taken the plain; straight forward course of disposing of the addi tional Exchequer Bills which are to be issued this year in the public market, instead of pri vately selling them to the Bank of England, as has been done of late years. This course is no less right in principle than it is likely to be bene ficial to the public, for, instead of receiving a premium of 205., which we believe to have been the highest rate of premium ever allowed for these securities by the Bank, the Government Brokers have already disposed of a large amount at upwards of 50s. premium. But even were the ease otherwise, and Exchequer Bills could not be sold at so high a rate in the public market as by private bargain with the Bank, we con tend that the former course ought to be adopted. Publicity and open dealing sh ou ld a l ways cha racterise every national pecuniary t ransac ti on ; and although in times of emergency, recourse might be had to the Bank, as a general principle, the Minister and the Bank ought never to be brought into contact, by which, perhaps, the in dependence of each is too frequently grievously shackled. We have often seen the dangerous consequences of a connection between the Go vernment and the Bank, and the evil of it was never more forcibly exemplified than dur ing the panic of 1825, when the immense advance which the latter was under to the former, crippled its means of relieving the dis tress which suddenly came over the monied world, and allowed consequences to ensue which might otherwise have been averted. This con nection, we trust, will be gradually put an end to. The annual advance which the Bank now makes to the Government for the Half-pay An will, as eve r y body knows, An nuity which it purchased, be at an end next year; and if the CHANCELLOR of the Excimatia* should determine to sell a further part of that Annuity, we trust that, like every other loan, it will be thrown open to public competition, which, if not in its immediate, would, in its ultimate results, prove the most be neficial course to the public interests. H a d the portion of that Annuity which the Bank purchased been sold to the public, the Funds might not have attained the height which they have reached in the interval, but the capital of individuals would have gradually absorbed the whole of it, and the pro bability which now exists of a considerable effect being sooner or later unexpectedly produced in the money market, by the determination of the Bank to dispose of this annuity, would never have occurred. The sooner, however, hat da termination is corn. to by the Bank the better ; for, unshackled by such an investment of its capital, the Bank might give life and activity to our trade in every part of the country, and the Government would be able to pursue measures which the present arrangements with the Bank impede, if they do not prevent. We understand that the Ministerial arrange ments which hare been for some time contem plated are now finally arranged in the following manner : Mr. CANNING remains First Lord of the Treasury, and Chancellor of the Exchequer. His Grace the Duke of PORTLAND resigns the office of Privy Seal, but retains his seat in the Cabinet. Lord CARLISLE succeeds the Duke of PORT LAND as Lord Privy Seal. Mr. STURGES BOURNE succeeds Lord CAR LISLE as First Commissioner of Woods and Forests, keeping his seat in the Cabinet. The Marquis of LANSDOWN succeeds Mr. STURGES BOURNE as Secretary of State for the , Home Department. Viscount DUDLEY remains at the Foreign Office. Mr. SPERM RICE, it is said, will replace' Mr. SPENCER PERCEVAL as one of the Under Secretaries of State for the Home Office. . ~ , It is understood that Lord HOLLAND doe not take office, and that the Irish appointments are not finally arranged. The Swabian Mercury of the 3d inst. re ceived this morning, contains the following ac count of the Kirghis tribe, and their approach civilization : ST. PETHIJIBURGH, JUX2 16. The Kirghis, in the Province of Ormsk, before they were subject to Russia, led a Nomads life, and their sole (mew pation was the breeding of settle. The continual war* which they carried on with each other reduced theca to ths greatest misery, which compelled them to submit to Russia, and to settle about thirty years ago in the Russian territoryi where lands were assigned to them. Their number not! amounts to 3,900 individuals. At the outset they pined a livelihood by hiring themselves as labourers to the Reo , .11 as ia fti na nit istubbsee Nomads ently,xwihrgehs, their formernitheyfound themselves try m e sel ou v n esp w ro e teetei n, bli the Coleacks on our frontier, they purchased flocks and herds, and have now above 45,000 sheep, and V 7,000 horses. Some Yirghis tribe* living on the Steppe, beyond the Russian frontier have lately made applications to the Rue sian authorities, requesting to be supplied with seed, corn, and implements of agriculture, as well as person* to in struct them in the art of tilling the ground, with which complied yare wholly nu acquainited. that Th agrisir requestn will h as been with, soup make a rapid progress in the Kirghese_St9res. The ancient palace of the 'Chins of Little Tartary, at Baktschiserai, the capital of the Crimea is now being re stored in its original form by the Emperor's orders. We received this morning the Allgetneine Zeitung of the sth instant. It appears that the Russian squadron was to have sailed about the end of June, and may, therefore, be shortly ex pected in the Downs. Its destination was not known in St. Petersburgh, but there can be no doubt that it is the Archipelago : DIUXICS, JULY S. The Royal Bavaria* Gazette of this day contains hi* Majesty's proclamation, convoking the Assembly of the States of the Kingdom for the 10th November this port on which day the Deputies to the Second Chamber are re (paired to be present at Munich. His Majesty will in doe time give notice of the day on which be will open the Ses sion in persoi. Field Marshal Prince Charles Von Wreds is appoiwted by his Majesty President of the First Cham ber in the Fourth Assembly of the states, to meet ip November. rITERBEUNAIII, JUNE 20. The newspapers have made you acquainted with the Emperor's visit to the fleet at Cronstadt on the 4th, 9th, and 10th of this month. The equipment of this fleet in the space of a few weeks, is a proof of what good may be effected by determined resolution and judicious exertions ie a branch of the public service, which it is well knows had fallen into decay from having been neglected by the Government for a long series of years. This squadron will put to sea at the end of this month, but its real destiny tion is in fact still a secret. If part of the public affirmed that it is going to the Archipelago, to enforce,, if it should be necessary, the proposals made to the Porte for the py cification of Greece, these conjectures have not any offic►al confirmation ; and many persons' are of opinion that the fleet is merely to go on a cruise in the Baltic and the North Sea, for the exercise of the crews._ Vntrilu., Juxii 30.—Metalliques, 101; Bank Share it 1,093. Jamaica Papers of the 22d May have been received at the North and South American Coffee-house. The Colonial Legislature seen' to have determined to discontinue the allowances heretofore made to the troops employed in the Island. The following are extracts : PORT ANTONIO, MAY 15..--We are quite barren o f nays ; the planters complain sadly of want of rain, so every thing is burnt up. It is with sincere regret we oho serve by these papers, that the conduct of the Bishop of Jamaica is still the subject of an angry feeling. It would seem that the Rector of St. Ann's has incurred his dis pleasure, in consequence of giving directions to his con gregatioa to sing certain parts of the anvice In hie church, and the Bishop has commanded him to desist. It is ob served that the Bishop turned Mr. Bridges, the Rector s out of his pulpit, to peke room for a Mr. Alves, a nd prohibited the former from using a Chiral Service he bad prepared, in conformity with the Rubric. His parishioners have been in consequence extremely indignant at his Eminence, and at a vestry of the chief inhabitants of the parish, have addressed a letter to the Rector, express ing their regret at the discontinuance of the choral service. The reply of the Rector, together with this letter, has been respectfully submitted to the Bishop, and the circumstance i se e m' to have excited considerable sens a tio n n the Island. We are, indeed, sorry to see such observations as theee.--- " Though Mr. Lipscomb, has become Lord Christopher, and has exchanged the innocence of the kitten for the rapacity of the cat, yet he must not think he can mouse upon Mr. Bridges." The Commissioners of Accounts hel d d a meetin g op the 18th of May, to confider the exped iency of obey * I by fi ai cc, Th