The Sun. — London, England, 1834-08-06 00:00:00

Part r' eir, very ow' Lvourau.Y r e . re excellent, - • ,re co n• • ning' ular what.en If and finil . wome n, as ek outline , give some of an gel is t he the byes. IS r —hag quit°' S OF S ill /X. .k raaut ever . e eng raving s and from t he )f expressionalf-a-guines boasted Or may add, in. Sir Josin ls )laying trick° hese the art, w' resident once hades. 'r be ture on ou r f Lady Caro; minx With th ature Tin t , of Wea,liw t th of one ° : ,rge has est ; 3t days, wb e , racy politics' [ENT • ! s•r 6. past twelve' of constituen.tsig I, conWi si . o re plated roe s b a d that the) is :onveniene!,lll a of a 5":,,,4 la much • y i p t now Olio: . :essary for,_ s t thought oduced all. kl i e .S or Tetaxy t he attend to 0 ( great beet ime Was A l be , port •teil eh had ei f, l o l4 at report t "' t was at Per7s,i; t hat ancious ;asst that this c . °l li ca; the Cle f ' i sse nting t io rejection o...ther ids ~n th_ a e ; die ferred would re7 o Lrly next De' l um leight om Lie ut c e 7 o m the na:;sity r the Adll3lf the iderationro_ao, ith the ci 10r , V “ . ,tAry‘ t iyid ition 14-0 from the. tkO. 'eduction id he roasure cno th' a from tb B on between es ll di ffer ' tota Y „00- ituentsr le State. , distribti u° ,o l to other eyes he grea t t i e W hurch. ich the C l i c `:',o while 10 • o f .e was a thiel l b o uritY , _ . : o l l, d of the 17. ' ice over• ee r the time t e te erewoulu the rhichean4 1 become of to theior Ted the.l be ember ch" ain 310 We{ )t being Pr n•cl 3 e . c o ol° o f From JA b_( best merit ting abust-; ler bet retitle) ifor )n. Aria the - s r zair at a q )NS. ke to Irish Y 1 1 uriog to to r seC prOPS r• sridpOlt Aoke Ito! , AND* kbade c [ so w vrshlre .' • i r gton , S P 0 of A` ‘Co. r rk city atit wesple co , Co. :onl lo°- wry ~ Elovi r-laCroe. Co. Cary 4 I ipPerlif Youg h _As Dre"`"" aria CO' mag i, e t: Linif ric lublin u s e Cch erarY „pf _Kilice'' le reV° .- 00% . Meat.* , uT. n 1 1t on- 11 1 - 7. Klnsa Co. Y t. V AND . 001 1 .. • r ige pri -K: it , e ft we in~t‘ c ". to iti 041 3 . 01 0 ileg*' Co it y i i tt n e tjri iver s ' ford tiol , ` 1," fit i bott t f ' 4 , - lag, n 01 - 0 y rfhe b° o o o l l o the c e t ct i t o o lls to s bet t litt le fse t ' alYnd, "f• )111 E MAGAZINES.--(CONTINUED.) tiv e „, 4'CLOP2EDIA OF GARDENING.—Part IX. GA RDENER'S MAGAZINE.—No. •LIII. BY J. C. Loudon. Longman and Co. , Th e respective merits of these publications are very un which is the more extraordinary as the same presid ° genius watch es over an d enr i c h es t h e pages o f b ot h. blattktnd are ever prone to treat i nte ll ectua l offspring in the "•tile way as physical—sharing their love and labour moat liberally with the first-born. But that both publica tio., it n merit attention and deserve support, requires only that s n• oold be known that they are conducted by Mr. Lou °' Whose scientific knowledge and elegant taste in what tr - relates to floriculture, and the laying out and manage t of gard ens , are we ll k nown an d hi g hl y apprec i ate d b y "Very botanist in England. The Encyclopcedia of Gardening 8 illustrated with an abundance of wood -cuts, by which , 'Y Part of th e su bj ect i s ren d ere d so f am ili ar t h a t a NIA " aught study it with advantage. No person who has ' t aste for horticultural pursuits ought to be without it. kv r ., CLOPIEDIA OF GEOGRAPHY, Palm VL Longman and Co. e ,e have received P a rt VI. of thi s exc e llent publication, wor k n , when comp l ete d, w ill f orm one o f t h e most use f u l tairi. s in the E ng li s h l anguage. Th e present num b er eon a perf ect d escr i pt i on of the var i ous states comprising e ' nelvetic and German confederacies, embellished with /I ,,, p A '' and ado rne d w ith a grea t var i e t y o f very beautiful It comprises a mine of the most useful know es--statistical, c i v il, po liti ca l,- an d fi nanc i a l. Wh a t Ito til'erS this publicati o n o f gre at importance at the present en t is, that recent changes in several continental states, follo we d" t h e subjugation of the power of Napoleon, •av• , e blade most works of the same kind published in Eng tbe eeords ra th er o f w h at once was , t h an o f w h a t now i s ouo tear state of many of the federal governments. The w • !ag.extract, on the literature, and literary institutions f act h People of Germany, will show with what care every waros...been collected that could add to the value of this zn erott, The • institutions for the promotion of learning are very nu kkiehin.,,Germany. Th e c hi e f l earne d societies are th ose of Puls e zerlin, Prague, and Gottingen ; but, wanting the im those a national metropolis, none of them vie in celebrity wit Nunnof Paris and London. The universities are very numerous . di stinguished. Only five of them are Catholic ; that of aal .1,4 attended by 1,103 students, Prague, 879 ; Weisburg, ttst a ' nt an( . l shut, 640 ; Freyburg, 837. There are thirteen .. Pro- Itos, un iversities, Heidelberg, with 603 students ; s , °e4 k ' 76 ; Griefswalde, 55 ; Marburg, 197 ; Jent, 522 ; ; Kiel, 107 ; Halle, 471 ; Gottingen, 1,165 ; Erlangen, xh ieh 1,752. There are e two of divided religion ; Tubingen, 'S ergi ! In s 500 students, and Bonn, which has 400: in all, twenty strtieies, which in 1817 were attended by 10,481 students. lln -14451.1 is given, as in the Scottish universities, entirely b ec seme, !Ile students live in the towns, and are not subjected to any 4444141 discipline. They are in general . diligent la their at : 4 " at .tlectures, but somewhat disorderly in their private con Cre ost 'Melling is practised in a systematic manner, and formed Ift to a regul ar S e i ence ; h ar d d r i n ki ng i s alleged. to be eofito ; and an ardent, but somewhat irregular patriotism has `cc f ormation of secret political associations, which havelbe t4 object'of jealousy to the German sovereigns. The ec 4ttil a ,, r ,„Public and private, of which the latter only are remune -77;"1 fees, and are hence usually the most valuable. ere are also institutions called Lyceums which are nume ‘▪ e gre e "eially in Austria, where lectures are delivered , but no Ilieroues conferred. Common schools are also sufficientl nu kttiti and those for the instruction of the lower orders are so . P l , l cd, that out of a thousand scarcely one will be found, it is 1 ,14 4 4 0 cannot read, or fifty who cannot write. In no country thimacation been more the object of study ; and the systems of kt ebtr i .,' S alzmann, Pestalozzi, and Jahn have attracted general h 77 -. . " c. st e literary and scientific collections of Germany are the Aerial and valuable that exist in any country. The im -4'44 library at Vienna contains 300,000 printed volunans, 25,000 korid4o9kcjipts, and about 70,000 pamphlets ; _that of Munich, ,a ) lutnes ; that of Gottingen, the most useful perhaps in the tstndii""‘",ooo volumes, 5,000 manuscripts, and about 110,000 000 0 ' n e ts ; Dresden as 250,000 volumes • Wolfenbuttel has 'tUtr ; . - "' in cluding a rich store of ancient works, and 6,000 bibles. 1011:41, 70,000 volumes, and 12,000 bibles. Berlin, 300,000 160,,s in herpublic libraries • of which the King's contains Ilre,Tu• Weinia p r, Prague, Frankfort-on-the-Mayn, Hamburg, oih:n,,Alentz Dar ' mstadt, have each about 100,000. Marburg, : 13 rar;": 1 ena, and many of the %mailer cities, have very considerable and upon the whole it is calculated that in Germany four t ntur"f volumes are accessible to . the public. The cabinets of k b la rY, and especially of mineralogy, are num . erous and va °4 G ou . Lie botanical garden of Schonbrunn, near Vienna, and that Berlin ' ln gPi, are celebrated ; as are the observatories of Vienna, '`eiliest'iatn,LGottingen. The cabinet of medals at Vienna is the • 7, 4 e :-..urop e. 4 1 ,4 r emi "Nt trade of Germany, in unison with the general taste ~..`?resta has reached an extent which equals, perhaps, that of all Zno not ,", e world. The nation numbers about ten thousand authors, Ccryfore,n,Y produce original writings, but translate immediately "rou hi t , Work of an} celebrity. The -works thus produced are knol3 annually to the Easter fair at Leipzig, to be distributed 4 1 ,,n,t, the booksellers of Germany. The new works annually pro ..a;mount to about 4,000. The want of any literary metro tasi_ "mere L,.,).oried this ar there could exist a permanent depot seems to have oc ',,As . ncoi rangernent, which appears in many respects cum titt o i th l e fine arts, painting was very early and successfully cul llaveT in Germany; though the works of Durer and Cranack ,an t oeat - i i n Ve and Gothic character, compared with those of the i ti Lan roasters In recent times none of her painters have eng d first class, certainly that honour cannot be assigned to •jilt, and bietricy. Yet her princes have formed collections of 4' r „trigs t o which there is nothing equal out of Italy. The „ "° gallery holds the foremost rank; after which may e • tl2e Belvidere at Vienna ; the galleries of Munich, Berlin, at e' aitiengsburg not to mention many private collections, espe -14,414e1teil ie nna, which rival those of princes. To these are also line i s t lerY extensive collections of drawings and engravings. h ,aatlei ~itc rage all over the nation ; and the German composers, rst toV a dYn, Alozart, Beethoven, Weber, and Spohr, seem al f 7 7. ave eclipsed the masters of Italy. In almost every vii . ee Nt e° s h i/cer t of amateurs is to be found. Architectural . genius reareddaVn shone with very great lustre. Very splendid edifices . have ofth_. i n the great - - capitals, and in the . free cities during the tti models eir glory • but these have been chiefly formed upon Ita ,tvtitlg N ,, t.. • _ sculpture has never risen above mediocrity. En styl carriedealle4itiie to great perfection in by Albert Durer and si si e u;: 4l4 in recent times, a small and highly finished m it tiled the Frey, little maste rs, Wille Schmidt, and Muller have c(nlntr reputation of Germany on a level with that of any • • LITERATURE. P i t , 4 tr. "4 I' LIBRARY. N os . XLV V. an d XL VI. " '44 Itisroity FROM THE CREATION OF THE WORLD, IN Z. ) , 51..1" VOLUMES, VOLS. P. AND VI. • 4 illeXander Frazer Tytler, Lord Woodhouselee. Alußaer, London. - ' i se tilht; volumes are a conclusion of Lord Woodhouselee's th e et'sal History," from the Creation of the World to t trn 4 : i of th e . S eventeenth Century, " one o f t h e most Le r d;, 46l ° works o f t h e ki n d pu bli s h e d i n mo d ern t i mes . divia," o odh ouse l ee departed altogether from the plan of I ty i 'ug time into epochs, or ages, and then connecting them off4elner t liediat e c h a i ns of dates for the better impressing l ibe rd ts ti Pon th e . memory. His history is written in a are Pirit, and very rich in elegant criticisms of litera -414,t44d art. The work, of necessity, is in many parts t "rai ss i e4t ltY in its materials ; in others there are grea l 'Av - , cuis °I much important historical information ; but 1 4 g i: °4l d it be otherwise in a history of the world included tliti:t"lliallvolumes? As a specimen of the Noble Author's 11 04 4 taste we give his remarks on Shakspeare, and the ;,111 dramatists of England and France :- 441 , 1 1 i li t * nerits of Shakspeare have been often analyzed, and are N a t ''' .. l ll. e i,r, erson tas He cannot be measured by . the ' - g f tl i r— c'sol— P he understood them not, and has totally r di t sroese tth.laties (l e i % ; but this very circumstance has given . !eons f f o e h n.us 15'1, 1 ,11 d e r nennfined nature and astonishing ebullitions o g i l '"e (1, - „ .tp l gnt and surprise in his productions, and which the rules h% f „Ni er • 1 would have much confined and repressed. I know . s:iot q -., there i s nos m thing even in the very absurdities dt.,4l4l4eics"eare, which tends, se by Contrast, to exalt the lustre of his t e rati,, - ` , elevate his strokes of the sublime. It . is certain that 1 ., ,oed - Poetry it became snore ill England has not improved as 1-ttisTti4ibarlsedrv,s2uor..p9ets, in imitation of the French, became scru- The old English drama, with all th,"tegif6„T7 . t the unities. th_ ' lee e 3,. is incomparably superior . to the modern, both in tl ,t lA N Jelin eation of character and in the natural expression of fi; t t ' , al i d l 4 in the plays of Shakspeare, ? Beaumont and Flet pi,t4iot oc.Alassinger, every person is a e highly finished picture. le h ' i ollt ta Vec the importance II" -t. ' -411 any character by itself, we have pleasure in con of each character to conduce to the Po s i ti tug i t. , ..y . F lo (!li sitti it. take a good painting, we . admire not only the coul 11.\!t0L,stsioritrieqiuerevv, h 4e fin of d th it e b gr ea o u u t p d , u tu y t if we confine our attention drawn andh r ig e, bl pe y ct fi . nish i e h d e . di,4"."'os tak e n odern plays fall infinitely short in this - ~,,,tol''',,,„isithes_iti.gly are nothing—the have no strong features to his tk 'r a vi ejot r A modern dramatic . writer . will paint a virtuous but the general h h ,. , of th s Dian ; but he gives him nothing.„ ..,,.. la-",.h.ir,, C es t t. .antet . er ; you admire or de . test his actions, ani_i '.i. fe . 1 , bi tlt -__ - mpg either good moral sentiments or purposes of vil vis4'es . Jarrune this hero or this villain, he wants particular i , ,} l N3, i „,,' };!eicartnot be described; he resembles those masks, or , r q ,le i _ l l 04 L'o were worn by the Greek and Roman comedians, r e qk ws., c ons P to express each of the passions, and the same be r etitedratantly worn as often as the same passion was to • , t' 4 ( ,! 4 th e th,t4tolkts ern plays, too, a correctness of language, a harmony whi t tlat tl g,lN a brilliancy of metaphor, have come in place of t r .I 1 5i,,i.4 warrnth, that unforced and passionate expression, ilft.etlien.,ently di stinguished the old dramatic compositions. The ia ,'ll.is need ( 1 dO not mean where there are two distinct plots,. se ous t , eq unnatural species of composition , but where there k i r e • laidiss ne w oofi_the, s.arne. plot of serious and ludicrous perso . nag as es) , to ,app e , 7 laid aside by our dmatic writers, deterred, , t wt,idluteioti,. oY the .censure of Addison; yet, with great deference app,;,dep riv : a critic, I cannot help thinking that his opium: ! 4 'llei; t.,.0 examplethen very rational source of pleasure. Me may 'ilteee4fi.the ititroeinof s ome of the finest plays in our cv l e an n gug n e , 1 :, c,,,,,_Z or , ttee ' l . !, e g . a. comic scene has a bad effect, when i s to "' cha r . a.e ,'eu tt by another of the deepest distress . Where toe, t , ods s o , 3 ''''., have their business in the tragic plot, and the ootl os ii , . 0 oe interesting event, as there is nothing but what ~,„. N wh'i'eth nature in such mixture of characters, so there is '"e• , : e g t' !lic,,ll.,'llocks our feelings. It is not unnatural that clownish i * jest while their master is in affliction and a short ' ''ltl ' fniiiibite4 as it were in pauing an to the seriou3 parts, instead of violating our feelings, has the effect perhaps of heightening our pathetic emotions, by the sudden, strong, and un expected contrast of happiness and misery. The old dramatic writers perhaps went to an extreme, and sacrificed too much to the taste of a populace delighted with ribaldry and buffoonery ; bat they certainly err as much on the other side who have banished all asso ciation of the comic and the tragic in the same composition. " To those who arc admirers of a strict conformity to dramatic rules, we would recommend the compositions of the French stage towards the middle of the last century. If dramatic poetry is to be cowidered as an exhibition of the characters of mankind, which some very good critics have defined it to be, the French drama, in this respect, at least their tragedy, must be allowed to be much in ferior to the English. If considered as an artificial composition, re commending virtue by example, and exposing vice, we acknowledge the drama of the French to have better attained those important ends. In the dramatic compositions of either nation, we find there is room for the introduction both of sublime and of pathetic senti ments; but in the French drama we admire the art of the poet, who describes a feeling, while in the English we sympathize with the character who expresses it. . . " Till the middle of the seventeenth century, dramatic poetry among the French was extremely low. Pierre Corneille is allowed to have brought it at mice to the highest pitch of excellence which it has ever attained. We cannot say that Corneille has not availed himself of the compositions in other languages ; for besides that the correct regularity of his pieces demonstrates a thorough acquaint ance with the rules of the drama, he has borrowed some of his plots both from the Greek tragedians and some of the dramatic writers of Spain. Yet a proof that the genius of Corneille was more original than the effects of study, is, that his earliest pieces, written in his youth, are better than those which were the fruit of his maturer years and more cultivated judgment. Of thirty-three pieces, there are no more than six or seven which still keep posses sion of the French stage , and will probably maintain their ground for ever. The tragedy of the Cid, Rodogune, Cinna, Polyeucte, Les Horaces, have never yet been surpassed by any dramatic writers among the French. The Menteur of Corneillephows that his ge nius could adapt itself equally to comedy and to tragedy. This great poet enjoyed already a very high reputation, when Racine ap peared, to dispute with him the palm of dramatic composition. Corneille, with more of the sublime of poetry, had less acquaintance with the tender passions. It is here that the forte of Racine lay. The pathetic of Britannicus is superior to any thing that Corneille has attempted in the same style. Athalie is full of grandeur and dignity of sentiment, and the comedy of the Plaideurs shows that the genius of Racine was as universal as that of his great competitor. " But the palm of French comedy was reserved for Moliere. It may perhaps be said of the comedies of Moliere, that they are the only examples of that species of composition which have actually produced a sensible effect in,reforming the manners of the age. The French physicians in his time were precisely what he represents them—illiterate, mysterious, and ignorant quacks. The women of fashion were overrun with a pedantic affectation of learning ; and the French nobility affected that arrogant and supercilious demea nour which demands respect from the consideration of birth or for tune, w;thout the possession of a single laudable or valuable quality. The keen but delicate satire of Moliere produced a very sensible re formation; and the latter part of the reign of Louis XIV. was as entirely free from the quackery of physic, the pedantry of the ladies, and the absurd pride of the nobility, as the commencement of it was marked by those characteristics. " The last eminent dramatic writer among the French who dis tinguished the seventeenth century was Crebillon, who is the only one of the French poets of the stage, if we except Voltaire, who has drawn his images of the sublime from the source of terror. In tragedy he had before him the models of Corneille and Racine, but his genius was original, and he disdained to imitate. His pieces are, therefore, deficient in that correctness, or that polish in the structure of the verses, which is the fruit of study and of imitation ; but he must be a tasteless critic, who, in reading the tragedy of Radamiste et Zenobie, or of Atre et Thyeste, feels his passions so disengaged as to attend to the irregularity of a verse or the harsh ness of a cadence. Let us observe, too, to the honour of Crebillon, that in all his pieces virtue and morality are powerfully inculcated.-- a characteristic to distinguish him from a worthless son, the younger Crebillon, who, in a variety of licentious novels, has prostituted ex cellent talents in the service of vice." • A GUIDE to the GIANTS' CAUSEWAY; A GUIDE to KILLARNEY and GLENGARIFF. CURRY, Dublin ; SIMPKIN and MARSHALL, London, 1834. No tourist ought to set foot in Ireland without these little volumes. They are worth a dozen of living guides, such as the inns supply ; and besides a mass of statistical information, contain, accounts of the various antiquities and ruins to be met with on the roads, which renders them of especial advantage to those who amuse themselves with either the pen or pencil, in their summer excursions among mountain scenery. Our personal knowledge of the routes described, as well as our acquaintance with the local and traditionary histories of several of the monastic and baronial ruins mentioned in these volumes, enable us to speak confidently of their correctness in these respects. Of the engravings we cannot speak in terms of commendation. MARTIN'S HISTORY OF THE BRITISH COLONIES. There is in this country a very general indifference to our colonies, arising not so much from false principles as from a degree of ignorance that is truly astonishing. We question much if it might not be matter of information to some of our legislators that Honduras was anything more than a boy; and we know full well that many, too many of them, are as little acquainted with colonial statistics as they are with the mountains in the moon. The history of these possessions, their invariable prosperity when left to themselves, and their no less invariable decline when our legislative wisdom has inflicted its help upon their trade, would, if more gene rally understood, silence the prohibitive babble for once and for ever—and it is high time—if the system be persevered in much longer, we shall either have no colonies, or none that are worth retaining. In the same spirit of ignorance, with which in the mother-country we are constantly taxing one class of the community to benefit another, but in reality to the utter ruin of the whole, we have not only imposed enormous duties on the produce of our transmarine posses sions in general, but, with the idea of keeping up a mercan tile marine, we have, while almost shutting out the West Indians from the home market, forbidden to them to sell their surplus in those of continental Europe or America ; nay, -we have gone beyond this ; we have prevented them from selling, and even from buying, food and the necessaries of life, where the colonists would readily obtain them in exchange for their sugar, rum, &c. Why may not the West Indian refine his own sugar ? Oh! to take off the prohibition duty would be to injure the sugar refiner at home. Or why is the growth of sugar discou raged in the East ? Oh, because in so doing we benefit, or, to speak more correctly, we hope to benefit the West. Thus too, Ceylon coffee is charged with duty in the home market to the extent of 260 per cent., while the finest Jamaica coffee is only assessed from 70 to 80 per cent. One pays 9d. per pound to Government after a voyage of six months, and the other 6d. after a voyage of six weeks: Our author asks, pithily enough, " is this justice ?" but we would put a question of deeper interest .with Statesmen, "is it expedient ?" No one will answer in the affirmative but a superannuated driveller of the old school, and he will no doubt reply that it is no more than a necessary protec tion to all parties. Thus we go on in one eternal circle, for ever legislating and for ever doing mischief. Even Canada has not escaped our assistance. Her bad firs have been protected by a heavy duty on the excellent Norway pine, and what is the consequence ? why, we use the worst timber instead of the best, pay the highest price, and have the farther satisfaction of crippling our own manufactured exports to Norway, inasmuch as the poor people of that country have nothing to give in exchange for them but the produce of their forests. It is very possible that another American war may help to enlighten us on this subject, at least as far as regards our West India possessions. In the meantime the present volume of Martin's admi rable work (Vol. II.,) will go far in opening the eyes of all who are not positively enamoured of darkness ; it contains a full account of our settlements in the South American main and of our West India islands—their history, their geography, their geology, their productions of all kinds, and every detail that may be included in the comprehensive phrase, statistics. So many subjects, and each of so deep importance, would require pages to do them justice even in the most abridged form, and we must therefore limit our attention to a few leading features. Under the existing necessity of relieving the country by the emigration of its superabundant population—supera bundant-only from erroneous policy—Guiana offers a most eligible plan for settlers. Millions of unoccupied acres that wanted produce, cotton, tobacco, opium, silk, pepper, rice, indigo, drugs, dyes, and spices, rivers abounding in delicious fish, and forests rich with a variety of the most valuable timber, are surely no ordinary stimulus to the appetite for colonization. _ The climate, too, is extremely healthful, and adapted to the English con stitution. In the hot season the thermometer ranges from 84 to 90 ; twenty miles inland, it seldom exceeds 80, ;lu ring the warmest part of the day, falling at night to. 60 or even 50. On this subject, Mr. Martin has made some ob servations, which, if strictly correct, are not a little curious. " In considering the climate of tropical countries, the influ ence of the moon seems to be entirely overlooked, and surely, if the tides of the vast ocean are raised from their fathomless bed by lunar power, it is not too much to assert that the tides of the atmosphere are liable to a similar in fluence. This much is certain, that, in the low lands of tropical countries, no _attentive observer of nature will fail to witness the power exercised by the moon over the sea sons, and also over animal and vegetable nature. As re gards the latter, it may be stated that there are certainly thirteen springs and thirteen autumns in Demerara in the year ; for so many times does the sap of trees ascend to the branches, and descend to the i t os. For -example, tito. THE SUN. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 6, 1834. wallaba (a resinous tree, common in the Demerara woods—Somewhat resembling mahogany), if cut down in the dark, a few days before the new moon, is one of the most durable woods in the world for house building, ,posts, &c.; in that state attempt to split it, and, with the utmost difficulty, it will be riven in the most jagged unequal manner that can be imagined ; cut down another wallaba (that grew within a few yards of the former), at the full moon, and the tree can be easily split into the finest smooth-shingles of any desired thickness, or into staves for making casks ; but, in this state, applied to house-building purposes, it speedily decays. Again, barn hoes, as thick as a man's arm, are sometimes used for paling, &c. If cut at the dark moon, they will endure for ten or twelve years ; if at full moon, they will be rotten in two or three years ; thus is it with most, if not all, the fo rest trees. Of the effects of the moon on animal life, very many instances could be cited. I have seen, in Africa, the newly littered young perish, in a few hours, at the mother's side, if exposed to the rays of the full moon ; fish become rapidly putrid, and meat, if left exposed, incurable, or un preservable by salt ;—the mariner heedlessly sleeping on deck, becoming afflicted with nyctalopia, or night-blindness, at times the face hideously swollen if exposed during sleep to the moon's rays, the maniac's paroxysms renewed with fearful vigour at the full and change, and the cold damp chill of the ague superveninm on the ascendancy of this apparently mild, yet powerful luminary. Let her influence over this earth be studied, it is more powerful than is ge nerally known."—Page 19. It may almost be doubted whether the settlement of Honduras, in the province of Yucatan, does not hold out even greater inducements to emigration than Guiana, though it has been yet more neglected by this country, which Martin affirms, and truly, to be altogether igno rant of its value. It abounds in game of every variety,' and the fineness of the climate may be easily inferred from its fruits, its oranges, shaddocks, limes, mangoes, melons, water-melons, pine-apples, avocato-pears, cashew and cocoa-nuts. Logwood and mahogany are at present its staple, but thousands of acres are covered with the pinus occidentalis, which would prove a valuable com modity in England. This tree grows to the height of sixty feet, and, owing to its durability, is much used by builders, for it not only resists the action of the atmosphere, but is also proof against the chemical agency of the soil even in the dampest situations. Posts of it, after having remained in the earth for years, have bean dug up, perfectly sound, and exhibiting no other change than that of increased soli dity and hardness with a strong bituminous smell. Jamaica, it may be supposed, is too well known to detain us many minutes. Of four millions of acres little more than one half is occupied, while by the fertility of its soil, the healthiness of its climate, and its numerous local ad vantages, this beautiful island holds out prospects to which there is no counter-balance but in our own fiscal regula tions. And will any government, more especially a liberal government like the present, persist in upholding such a sys tem ? Will they compel the poor man in this country to abstain from the free use of sugar and coffee by excessive duties, that actually lessen the receipts of the re venue, for that such is the fact may be proved beyond the shadow of a doubt ? The progressive increas ing rate of taxation—we quote from our author—was as follows :—ln 1661 at ls. 6d. per cwt. ; in 1669 at 35., in 1703 at 3s. 4d., in 1747 at 4s. 10d., in 17.59 at 6s. 4J, in 1779 at 6s. Bd., in 1781 at 11 s. Bd., in 1782 at 12s. 31; in 1787 at 12s. 4d., and in 1791 at 15s. The natural re sult of this impolitic taxation was to check consumption ; in 1787 but 77,35.5 tons of sugar were retained for home use, while ten years previously the consumption had been 81,000 tons ; in 1790 the consumption decreased to 76,811 tons ; 1791 it fell to 70,160 tons, in 1792 to 68,000 tons. The financier of the day, however, would not take warning, and in 1796 the duty on British plantation was raised to 17s. 6d. per cwt., and ss. 2d. per cwt. was levied on the East India sugar, in addition to a previous ad valorem duty of 37!. 16s. 3d. per cent. The result was a further reduction of consumption, which in 1797 amounted to only 63,000 tons, being a reduction of nearly 20,000 tons in the course of a few years, owing to taxation."—p. 429. After such pregnant proofs as these, it is unnecessary to waste another word upon the subject, and the same train of rea soning is of course equally applicable to all the settlements. Amongst these islands, where all are beautiful, Trinidad has obtained from its azure skies, its deep blue seas, its fertile glades, and elastic atmosphere, the pre-eminent title of the Indian Paradise. Hurricanes are unknown there, and the succession of its rich and delicious fruits seems almost boundless. Nor is it less remarkable for its natural curiosities. The principal are the submarine volcano near Cape de la Brea, the singular mud volcanos, and the Alsphaltum, or Pitch take. This latter wonder is nearly circular, somewhat more than half a league in length and about the same in breadth, the gloom of which is beautifully contrasted by the surrounding scenery. Tufts of wild pine apples and aloes, and a variety of shrubs and flowers, such as grow only within the tropics, are scattered profusely around, and amongst them swarm brilliant butterflies, and humming-birds of colours yet more brilliant. But perhaps the most extraordinary feature of this phenomenon is its mobility ; where a small islet has been seen at evening, a gulf is found the following morning ; and on another part of the lake, a pitch islet has sprung up, to be in its turn adorned with vegetation, and then again engulphed. Most reluctantly do we leave this delightful volume ; which, while it offers luxurious reading to the indolent, is pregnant with deep interest to those who are capable of grappling with its knowledge. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. YORK AUGUST MEETING. York, Monday Night. The arrival of horses is much greater than we have known at our August Meetings for many years, and we have plea sure in adding that they all appear to be in a healthy state ; the lot of two-year-olds is numerous and promising. The ground is in good order, and the weather bids fair to be as fine as the most ardent lover of pleasure or sport could desire. The new stakes have very properly been made free ones, but, owing to the late period at which they were made public they have not filled so well as they deserve. In order to encourage and turn to account the spirit of improvement lately evinced it is advisable that the most respectable tradesmen should join with such turf gentlemen as live in the city and neighbour hood, and form a Committee for the management of the meet ings for the year ensuing. The adoption of this plan cannot fail to produce beneficial results. The following is a complete list of the horses arrived : TWO-YEARS-OLD. Mr. T. Dundas's ch. c. Weldare Mr. Houldsworth's Felix Mr• Watt's Sister to Bubastes Mr. Gully's ch. c. Pomfret Duke of Leeds's b. c. by Longwaist—Young Duchess Duke of Leeds's ch. c. by Actaeon—Gin Mr. J. Mills's gr. c. Plantagenet Mr. Foulis's br. c. De Roos Duke of Cleveland's b. c. by Longwaist--Strathern's dam Lord Kelburne's ch. f. by Actaeon—Georgiana Mr. Walker's b. f. Guerdon Mr. Ridsdale's br. c. by Chateau Margaux—Marchesa Mr. J. Scott's ch. c. Pilgrim Mr. Garforth's b. f. by Lottery—Laura Mr. S. L. Fox's b. f. by Langar—Lady of the Tees Mr. Skipsey's br. f. Violante Mr. Walker's ch. f. Alice Mr. Walker's ch. c. Curtius THREE-YEARS-OLD. Duke of Cleveland's br. c. by Muley—Bequest Mr. S. Fox's b. c. by Figaro—Governcss Mr. Marson's b. f. Miss Potter Lord Sligo's b. c. Spume Mr. S. Fox's b. c. The Count Mr. D. Ross's b. c. The Pretender Mr. S. Fox's b. f. Mrs. Oakeley Mr. Gully's ch.. c. Stapleton Mr. Walker's b. c. Delirium Mr. Walker's b. f. Cotillon Mr. Gascoigne s s br. c. Zohrab Duke of Leeds's b. c. by Blacklock—Mrs. Rye Mr. Salvin's b. f. Isabella Mr. Maxwell's ch. g. The Buccaneer General Sharpe's gr. f. Matilda Mr. Hetherington's b. c. Wyndham Mr. Skipsey's bl. c. Inheritor Mr. Bowser's b. c. Logic Major.Yarburgh's br. f. Omnibus General Sharpe's ch. f. by Alalek—Bessy Mr. S. Fox's br. c. Goldbeater FOUR-YEARS-OLD AND UPWARDS. 'Mr. Marie) Pamtlower, 4 yrs. Mr. Walker's Consol, 6 yrs. General Sharpes ch. f. Myrrha, 4 yrs. Mr. Skipsey's b. h. Physician, 5 yrs. Mr. Dyson's b. c. Lockington t 4 yrs. Captain Hogg's ch. f. Pantomime, 4 yrs. Mr. Powlett's b. f. The Mystery; 4 yrs. Lord Kelburne's b. f. by Jerry--Georgians, 4 yrs. Mr. Houldsworth's ch. f. Fidelity Lord Sligo's Bran has not yet arrived, but he is expected this evening. Cotillon is looking well, and appears to be a little tamer than she was at Epsom. A roiNvkix.rrs /fox, Tp-310Rnow. Produce Stakes of 100 each, h. ft. (4 subs. )—Fidelity will walk over. The " Great" Yorkshire Stakes of 25 sovs. each. Mile and three-quarters.--The Bequest colt, the Governess colt, Miss Potter, and Spume, are here for it. Entry for his Majesty's Plato.—Palnafiower, Thu Pretender, ETtune, Consol, tlyrrin, and - COURT CIRCULAR. Count &Agile, the Sardinian Minister, and the Marquis de Mirelores, the Spanish Minister, visited Viscount Palmerston yesterday, at the Foreign-office. A deputation from the London distillers, including Messrs. Smith and Claypole, had an interview yesterday, with Mr. Poulett Thomson, at the Office of the Board of Trade. His Majesty's honourable corps of Gentlemen at Arms gave a dinner to their Captain, Lord Foley, yesterday evening at Grillon's Hotel. _ _ Viscount Althorp and Lord Auckland visited Viscount Melbourne yesterday. WINDSOR, AUGUST 5. Earl and Countess Grey, Lady Georgiana Grey, and Colonel Grey, arrived at the Castle yesterday, by special invitation, and will continue on a visit to his Majesty and Princess Augusta till to-morrow, when they are expected to take their departure for Downing-street, Sir William and Lady Gomm, the Hon. and Rev. the Dean of Windsor, and Mrs. Hobart, the Provost of Eton, and the Hon. and Rev. W. Long, had the honour of being included in the royal dinner party on Sunday last. The King and Princess Augusta enjoyed their usual out-door exercise together yesterday. An entertainment was given this day at Virginia Water by her Royal Highness Princess Augusta to Earl and Countess Grey, Lady Georgiana and Colonel Grey, and the rest of the distinguished visiters at present staying at the Castle, for which the weather proved extremely favourable. The King drove out in his pony phaeton for upwards of two hours this afternoon. _ To-morrow (this day) his Majesty will go to town for the purpose of holding a levee, and is not expected to return to the Castle before Thursday. FASHIONABLE INTELLIGENCE. The Earl and Countess of Idarewood, and the Ladies Lascelles, from Hanover-square, for Harewood-house, near Northallerton ; Earl Craven, front Charles-street, Berkeley-square, for the High lands ; Count Fries, from Chandos-house, for Vienna ' • Sir John ' and Lady Johnstone, frem Grosvenor-street, for Hackness Park, Yorkshire ; Mr. and Lady Harriet Suttie, from the Hyde Park Hotel, for Scotland; Lady Harriet and Miss Drummond, from ditto, for Albury Park; Lord and Lady Grey (of Kinfauns) for Brighton; R. 0. Throckmorton, Esq., M.P., from Pall-mall, for Buckland-house, Farringdon, Berks ; Hon. William Bligh, from Uppei Seymour-street, on a tour ; Lord andfLady Elliot, from Do ver-street, on a tour ; Mr. Sackville and Lady Charlotte Lane Fox, from Gwyder-house, 'Whitehall, for Hornby Castle, York shire ; Lord and Lady Wil.iam Russell, from Whitehall, from Tun bridge-wells; Lord Somerville and the Hon. Miss Somerville, for ditto ; Hon. C. Douglas, for ditto ; Sir Francis Doyle, for ditto ; Hon. Arthur Thellusson, for ditto ; Lady Mary Ross, for ditto ; Captain and the Hon. Mrs. Yorke, on a tour ; Sir Charles Scuds more, M.D., for Buxton, Derbyshire. 111ARRIAGE IN HIGH LIFE. At St. George's, Hanover-square, yesterday, at the hour of eleven, a.m., Mr. Rushout Cockerell, son of Sir Charles and Lady Cockerell, to the Hon. Miss Foley, daughter of the late and sister of the present Lord Foley. The ceremony was performed by the Very_ Rev. the Dean of Carlisle. The bride was given away by the Duke of Leinster. At noon a dejeune was given at the man sion of the lady's mother, Lady Foley, in Portman-square, to the Duke and Duchess of Leinster, Marquis and Marchioness of Tavi stock, Marquis of Kildare and Lady Jane Fitzgerald, Lord Russell, Lord Alvanley, Earl and Countess of Sefton, Lord and the Ladies Molyneux, Dowager Marchioness of Salisbury, and Lady Cowley; Viscount Deerhurst, Lords Marcus and George Hill, Viscount Northwick, Lady Fitzroy Somerset and the Misses Somerset; Sir Charles, Lady, and Miss Cockerell; Lord Gerald, Lord Allen, Mr. and Mrs. Kinnaird, Lady Edward and Miss Codrington, Mr. Stuart, Mr. and Miss Hewitt; Miss Rushout, Lord, and Miss E. Foley; Lady Caroline Stanhope and Hon. Lincoln Stanhope, Mr. Frederick De Roos, Dowager Countess of Cork, Mr. and the Hon. Mrs. Broadhurst, Mr. and Mrs. Hunter, Miss Charlotte and Miss Kitty Somerset. At one o'clock, the happy coupl9 left town for Sezmcot, near Morton-in-the-Marsh, where they intend passing the honeymooh. FROM LAST NIGHTS GAZETTE. At the Court at St. James's, the 30th day of July, 1834, PRESENT, The King's Most Excellent Majesty in Council. His Majesty having been pleased to deliver the custody of the Privy Seal to the Right Hon. Henry Constantine Earl of Mul grave, the Oath of the Keeper of the Privy Seal was this day ad ministered to him, and his Lordship took his place at the Board accordingly. Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of the West Riding of the County of York, and of the City and County of the City of York. Southern Regiment of the West Riding Yeomanry Cavalry—J. L. Fernandez, Esq., to be Captain, vice Nayler, resigned ; T. Tay lor, Gent., to Cornet, vice Fernandez, promoted, April 10. Yorkshire Hussar Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry—H. Vyner, Gent., to be Lieutenant; Hon. W. H. Dawney to be Cornet, July 25. Commission by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Somerset. 2,1 Somerset Regiment of Militia—A. G. Lethbridge, Esq., to be Captain, June 17. Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Wilts. Ramsbury and Aldbourne Troop of Yeomanry Cavalry—F. L. Popham, Gent., to be Lieutenant, vice Baskerville, promoted, July 5. Salisbury Volunteer Infantry—J. N. Wilmot, Gent., to be Lieu tenant, vice Andrews, resigned; G. Short the younger, Gent., to be Ensign, vice Wilmot, promoted, July 18. Commission by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Pembroke. 2d Troop of the Castlemartin Yeomanry Cavalry—C. P. Cul len, Gent., to be Cornet, vice L. Mathias, resigned, July 3. WHITEHALL, JUNE 9. The Lord Chancellor has appointed Theodore Courtenay Gidley, of Ilminster, in the county of Somerset, Gent., to be a Master Ex traordinary in the High Court of Chancery. WHITEHALL, JULY 31. The Lord Chancellor has appointed Edwin Allen, of Lichfield, in the county of Stafford, Gent., to be a Master Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery. BANKRUPTCIES SUPERSEDED. WILLIAM COWAN, drapei, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. JOHN ALLSOP, wheelwright, Belper, Derby. WILLIAM KEY, linen-draper, Isleworth. • BANKRUPTS. WILLIAM HENRY JUDD, draper, Bath, to surrender Aug. 15, at twelve,‘ and Sept. 16, at eleven, at the Court of Com missioners. Ashurst, Bridge-street, Blackfriars ; Turquand, Cop thall-buildings, official assignee. STEPHEN WARD, coach-proprietor, Leeds, Aug. 9 and Sept. 16, at eleven, at the Commer c i a l-b u ildi ngs , Leeds. Strangways and Walker, Barnard's Inn, London ; Robinson, Leeds. EDWARD IRONMONGER, builder, Barton-under-Need wood,- Staffordshire, August 27, and Sept. 16, at eleven, at the Flitch Bacon Inn, at the Whichnor Bridges, Staffordshire. Norton and Chaplin, Gray's-Inn-square, London ; Harrison, Birmingham. WILLIAM MILLS, grocer, Lavenham, Suffolk, Aug. 18, and Sept. 16, at twelve, at the Greyhound Inn, Lavenham. Naylor, Great Newport-street, London ' • Dowman, Sudbury. JOHN BERNEY CROME, stationer, Norwich, Aug. 11, and Sept._ 16, at eleven, at the Rampant Horse Inn, Norwich. Day, Norwich ; Abbott, Roll's-yard, Chancery-lane, London. JOSEPH THEODORET DUTTON, chemist, Harrington, Cumberland, August 26 and Sept. 16, at eleven, at the Clarendon rooms, Liverpool. Miller and Peel, Liverpool ; Tayler, Roscoe, and Turner, Bedford-row, London. WILLIAM BAKER, linen-draper, Southampton, August 15 and Sept. 16, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. J. F, Groom, Abchurch-lane, official assignee ; P. B. Turner, Basing lane, Bread-street, London. JOHN AIAWMAN, ship-owner, Arbour-square, Commercial road, East, August 15, and Sept em ber 16, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Edwards, Pancras-lane, official assignee ; Rains, Lombard-street. DIVIDENDS. W. Boys, wine -merchant, Eastbourne, Sussex, August, 28, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy—J. Prince, innkeeper, Bath, A ug,ust 30, at two, at the White Hart Inn, Bath—T. Beale, sad dler, Birmingham, August 27, at eleven, at Radenhurst's Royal Hotel, New-street, Birmingham —T. Gilpin, cloth-manufacturer, Gildersome, Batley, Yorkshire, Sept. 10, at ten, at the Court house in Leeds—. Forster and Co., cotton-spinners, Sept. 3, at eleven, at the Commissioners' Rooms, St. James's-square, Man chester—J. Middleton, cotton-manufacturer, Stockport, Cheshire, August 27, at ten, at the Commissioners' Rooms, St. James's square, Manchester—J. Armstrong, tin-plate worker, August 29, at ten, at the Red Lion Inn, Cambridge. CERTIFICATES—AuGusr 6. H. Creaves, grocer, Leicester—T. Wilson, joiner, Manchester— J. Thai:keray, common brewer, Walton, Liverpool—•J. Doughty, tavern-keeper, Bristol—T. C Baker, brickmaker, Sittingbourne, Kent—G. Lax Fox, grocer, Sunderland near the Sea, Durham— J. Edmundson, cotton-manufacturer, Manchester. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED_ T. Cooper and Co., merchants, Monument-yard (as far as re gards J. Stringer)—H. and E. Wrigglesworth, grocers, Leeds— E. S. Russell and W. Keyzer, zinc-manufacturers, Keppel-row, New-road—S. Underhill and W. H. Hudson. shoe-tip manufac turers, Wolverhampton—R. G. Holland and J. Walker, surgeons, Sheffield—J. D. Walker and J. Griffiths, paper-dealers, Liverpool —S. Walker and W. Yates, iron-masters, Anchor Wharf, Upper Thames-street—J. Pitcher and D. Franks, hay salesmen, No. 3 Wharf, P a ddi ng t on -b as i n —M. L am b an d d. Gideon, pawnbrokers, Stanhope-street, Clare-market—T. G. Stemmann and D. Steel, news-venders, St. Martin's-street, Leicester-square—J. Brown and A. Johnson, tea-dealers, Bristol—G. Benbow and Co., rope manufacturers, Leftwich, Cheshire—S. and 111. Tansley, glass dealers, Dorset.street, Portman-square—E. B. Bradley and H. F. Metcalf, corn-factors, Mark-lane.—S. Gostling and Co., hardware men, Leadenhall-street—J. Avent, jun., and J. D. Avent, solici tors, Modbury, Devonshire—G. Simpson and R. Robinson, tea dealers, Vork—J. Caister and N. Wedd, corn-merchants, Boston, Lincolnshire. The Duke of Devonshire left Devonshire House yesterday for. Chatsworth, where his Grace will entertain a succession of visitants during the autumn. Sir Jeffrey Wyat ville has just finished some additions t 6 his mansion which have been going on for a length of time. Earl and Countess Grey and Lady Georgiana return to Downing-street this morning from a visit to his Majesty at Windsor. The domestics of his Lordship continue at the house in Downing-street ; but he will shortly circumscribe his establishment. Yesterday morning' Lord Fitzroy Somerset gave audience at the Horse Guards to Major-General Fraser, Col. Campbell, Gen. Sir H. Douglasi, Sir Charles de Vaux, Major Campbell, Lieut.-General Sir W. Peacock, Colonel Sir D. Cuyler, Colonel Harris, Major Sir F. Head, Major Mitchell, Lieut.-General Vincent, and a number of other officers. PROFESSION OF A NUN.—A few days ago Miss Eccles, a young lady the heiress to a large fortune, took the veil at the convent of Mount Carmel, near Darlington. The ceremony excited great interest, and a grand high mass was celebrated on the occasion by the Right Rev. Dr. Briggs, assisted by several of the Roman Catholic clergy of the nor thern district.' ' FLOGGING in the BRITISH ARMY and NAVY. (FROM A CORRESPONDENT. SIR,—A recent event added to the general feeling of the inhabitants of this part of the country on the subject of military and naval flogging, as at present practised, has induced a very considerable and respectable number of the inhabitants of this town to request the Mayor (Wm. Ramsden, Esq. ) to con vene a public meeting, which he kindly condescended to do, and at which meeting, holden in the Court Hall he presided, when the following petition to each House of Parliament was agreed to in pursuance of the resolutions then passed, viz.:— TO TIIE RIGHT HON. THE LORDS SPIRITUAL AND TEMPORAL, AND TO THE HON. COMMONS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IREL&ND 'IN PARLIAMENT ASSEMBLED, RESPECTIVELY. " The humble petition of the inhabitants of the ancient :own of Rye, in the county of Sussex, and its vicinity, " SHEWETH, " That your petitioners do not wish to encourage insubor dination in the army or nary of this kingdom. " That your petitioners do not think the punishment of flogging is the most effectual means of obtaining the subordi nation required, inasmuch as that the wisdom of Parliament has seen fit to reduce the amount of that punishment, and also to restrain it to particular cases of ddlinquency. " That your petitioners view with horror and disgust the barbarous scenes which have been exhibited in cases of flog ging ; and that your petitioners do humbly presume to think that when such punishment is inflicted it is produttive of more evil than good. That the notorious offender is not likely to be reformed by it, and that the inadvertent culprit may be hardened so much in his crime, as to make him reck less of punishment. And besides which they deem the effect of it not to rest entirely with the individual receiving the in fliction, but to extend to the whole of the persons in his Ma jesty's service in the army and navy of this kingdom, who by law at present are liable to the punishment, by putting a cha racter on those services which they ought to be too honourable to bear. " That without imputing improper motives to those who hold commissions in his Majesty's Army and Navy, your peti- tioners do consider it probable that circumstances have occur red, and will recur, so as that some individuals might be sub jected to the punishment of flogging, without deserving the same ; that this impression has taken such fast hold on the public mind as to prevent persons entering the Army and Navy from motives of honourable ambition, and to be at variance with the humane feelings and best judgment of the people of this country. " That without requesting your Right Hon. House to take example from other countries, your petitioners beg that the eff4ctive means of preserving discipline in the Army and Navy of this country may be distinct from the present practice of flogging ; that they hail with pleasure the announcement made in Parliament by a high authority of an inquiry into the mat ter by a Commission to be appointed, but humbly hope that the Report of that Commission will induce your Honourable House to entirely abolish a practice which your petitioners cannot view but with horror and disgust, inasmuch as they consider it at once barbarous and impolitic. " That while the most salutary laws have been enacted by your Honourable House for the extinction of the brutal system of corporal punishment in our West India Colonies, and also the benevolent measures adopted for the protection of the brute creation from cruelty; your petitioners greatly regret that the human species of their own blood and their own country should not have received that protection to which your petitioners think they are justly entitled. " And for which your petitioners will ever pray." GLOUCESTER ELECTION. CHELTENHAM, TUESDAY MORNING.—That there will be a contest for the Eastern Division of this county, is now placed beyond all doubt; Mr. £odrington, the Conservative candidate, having just issued a declaration that he will fight the battle. This declaration was elicited by a handbill put forth by Mr. Tracy Leigh, the Reform candidate, " recommending Mr. Codrington, as a friend, not to embroil the county by proceed ing to the poll, as he could have no possible chance of success," which is the avowed opinion of the supporters of Mr. Leigh. Mr. Codrington, however, speaks boldly, and assures Mr. Tracy Leigh that the result of the poll will prove to him, un less he (Mr. Codrington) is very much mistaken, that it is he who will have to blame himself for embroiling the county in a contest. A handbill addressed to the electors, and signed " A Lover of Fair Play," who writes in the Conservative in terest, has been widely circulated throughout the district, and commencing, " Be up and doing ! now or never !" contains a strong attack on the Whig Administration, whose object it asserts is confusion, who are enemies to the preservation of the institutions of the country, and with whom it warns the elec tors not to meddle, "for," it says, " as men given to change, their calamity shall rise suddenly." In consequence of the above attack and of other charges, insinuating " that the present Government have done nothing for the people," Mr. Tracy Leigh's Committee have issued the following placard, addressed to the electors, and exhibiting a list of the taxes which have been repealed, and of those on which reductions have been effected : "It has been often asked (it proceeds) What has the present Government done for the people ?' The following statement will furnish an answer : its accuracy may be relied on. The wonder is, that so much has been accomplished—opposed, worried and thwarted as they have been by the Tories and Radicals, with the most perse vering hostility, and the most unrelenting acrimony. " What, then, has the Reform Government done for the people ? Taken off taxes to the annual amcnnt of Lessened the annual expenses of the Government Lessened the number of official persons, I,BsB—salaries thereby saved Abolished upwards of 2,000 places—salaries saved Reduced the salaries of the Ministers, Chancellors, Chief Justices, Attorney and Solicitor Generals, all salaries above 1,0001. per annum, nearly one-half 199,430 Reduced salaries and allowances of Ambassadors, &c 50,525 Entire Boards of Commissioners swept away, members of the Boards reduced one-third Two Boards of Stamps and Taxes thrown into one, with various other economical preparations House-tax Repealed Duty on printed cottons Repealed Duty on candles Duty on starch Repealed Duty on soap f Reduced one half. Duty on slates and coals Repealed Duty on tiles Duty on hemp Reduced Duty on drugs Reduced Duty on currants and fruits Duty on cotton wool Stamps on marine insurance Reduced Stamps on fire insurance—farming stock Repealed Duty on advertisements Stamps on small receipts Land tax on personal estates Duty on pamphlets and almanacks Repealed Duty on commercial travellers Repealed Duty on clerks and book-keepers Repealed Duty on horses of clergymen and ministers—if salary under 1201. Duty on tax-carts Duty on overseers; warehousemen, and shopmcn " The Irish Church placed on a more satisfactory footing by the abolition of several useless Bishoprics, and adding to the salaries of the inferior clergy. " Irish Church-cess abolished. " Irish Tithe Abolition Bill now passing through the House of Parliament. " The Bank Charter renewed on a much more liberal system—a monthly report of its accounts to be made public. The convertibi lity of bank-paper into gold maintained inviolable. " The East India monopoly destroyed ; all India and China thrown open to British enterprise and the employment of British capital. " Negro slavery abolished. " Great and salutary changes effected in the law, particularly in the Court of Chancery, in which alone the public will save 96,0001. per annum, together with numerous improvements in every depart ment of the State, which would require a volume to state and ex plain ; and to which may be added, the preservation of the peace of Europe, and that the British name was never more respected abroad than at the present time. " The commerce of the country," the placard goes on to state, "has never reached such an extent as the returns of the last year exhibit ; and by upholding the present Government. we have every reason to hope for further reduction of taxation, and greater exten sion of commerce." " Electors (it proceeds)—Mr. C. H. Tracy Leigh, whom you are about to send to Parliament, pledges himself to support the mea -1 sures, to which the Government pledged themselves when they took office :—Reform !—Retrenchment !—Peace !" And it con cludes by saying, " Those of you who propose to vote for Codring ton, beware of the consequences. He is upheld by a party whose system, for years past, has been extravagance in expenditure, and recklessness in provoking war. If they get into place and power, what have you to expect ?" Besides these documents, there are numerous others in the paper market, which tend not a little to feed and increase the political excitement. THE NEW PAL AcE.—The heavy rain which fell a few days ago quite inundated the new road lately made in front of the New Palace, St. James's-park, so much so that it prevented persons from passing without they waded through the water ; but to prevent a recurrence of the inconvenience workmen have been employed to make drains near the place to communicate with the main sewer. Handsome palisades have been erected inclosing the area of the Palace, and the paling will be soon removed, when the public will have a full view of the edifice, which has been considerably improved by the erec tion of new wings, as the front of the Palace had previously a narrow and disproportioned appearance that added very much to its general defects. The immense and expensive marble entrance is, however, by no means either in keeping or character with the general appearance of the building. ITALY, WITH SKETCHES OP SPAIN AND POR- TrGAL.—W i lill " Vathek," for all that the public knew to the contrary, the literary exertions of Mr. Beckford ceased for half a century, or to the publishing the present volumes. It was, however, known in some circles that he had written these letters during his travels. This work cannot fail to electrify all who read it, and to make its author more and more an ob ject of mysterious interest, of wonder, and admiration. The letters describe no unknown lands (the interest does not lie there), they treat of countries of which we had descriptions to repletion ; but Mr. Beckford's work is totally unlike all other books of travels ; and his descriptions of the things and places the most familiar to the tourist, are absolutely startling from their novelty; and yet they never cease to be true.— Printing Machine. PITHY ANSWER TO A SHORT ADVERTISE MENT.--A shopkeeper in Grand-street, the other day stuck upon his door the following laconic advertisement :—" A Boy wanted." On gain. - to his shop the next morning, he beheld a smiling little urchin in a basket, with the foll owin g p iLl y label Here he is 1"-- Transcript,--New rook Paper. BRIGHTON, AUGUST 5. The town is resuming its wonted gaiety, which is evinced by our promenades, our drives, and the various places of fashionable resort. Families are continally arriving and every- thing bids - fair y for a long and prosperous season. We are looking forward with anxiety for the prorogation of Parlia ment, which will doubtless bring us an influx of visitors. The watering-places, Hastings, St. Leonard's, Tunbridge Wells, &c., have been and are still doing a tolerably good business but Worthing, Littlehampton, and Bognor, and the smaller wateringplaces eastward of Brighton, continue remarkably dull. We are sorry to hear that the races, which commence to morrow, are not likely to prove so attractive as usual ; the en tries have been very shy, and it is doubtful whether Rocking ham will not walk over the course for the cup. The time which intervenes between the Goodwood and Brighton Meet ings is said to' occasion the withdrawal of several of the best horses, which would run here if our races were a day or two earlier. Lord Yarborough, accompanied by Lord Byron, Captain Forbes, &c., landed from his yacht, the Falcon. yesterday, and visited his sister, the Hon. Mrs. Tennant, at Kemp-town. His Lordship was ashore two or three hours, and then re-embarked, intending to proceed immediately to Madeira. On the same day, Mr. Spalding, and several of his friends, landed from his pleasure yacht, the Ganymede, and intends to remain during the race - s - . _ The Duke of Devonshire left Brighton yesterday for Lon don, where he will remain for two or three days, and then pro ceed to Chatsworth. His Grace is not expected back till the return of the Court. The Earl of Egremont did not arrive till yesterday. Lady Wilmot, accompanied by her daughter, Lady Fraser, left their residence in Kemp-town this morning for an absence of two months, for Tunbridge Wells. Sir Robert Wilmot, (cousin to the late Sir R. Wilmot), is staying at Chaddesden, Derbyshire. ARRIVALS.—Mr. C. Gadderer, Lieutenant-Gen. Mundy, Miss Nisbett, Mr. G. G. Day, Mr. St inley Stokes, Mr. Brig. stoke, Mrs. General Wilford, Mrs. Murray, Mr. Booty, Mr. Drake, Mr. and Mrs. Saunders, Mr. Rolles, Mr. F. Irby, Mrs. Putten, and Mrs. Bryan. Lord Harborough arrived at the Norfolk on Sunday, and, having taken dinner, proceeded to Dover, where his yacht lies. General and the Misses Crosbie have arrived at the Norfolk. As soon after the races as possible it is intended to have a regatta here, on which occasion the prizes are to be distributed among the fishermen of the place. There are already several subscribers ; among them Sir R. Hunter, Sir A. Dalrymple, Captain G. Pechell, R.N., J. B. Wilks, Esq., Major Allen, G. Faithfull, Esq., M. P., &c. The Marquis of Worcester and T. W. Frankland, Esq., act as Stewards at the approaching Lewes races. The only alteration at the Palace of any magnitude since the departure of the Court is the building of a new servants' hall, which is nearly completed. It is much more spacious than the old hall, and a great deal more convenient. SUSSEX.-It is expected, if the weather should continue favourable, that the wheat harvest will be finished this week in this part of the country. The corn is in excellent condi tion, and upon the whole it is a most fruitful harvest. It is worthy of remark that the roads have been very little infested with Irish reapers; and the few that have made their appear ance were unable to obtain employment, owing to the good feeling which happily continues to exist between the farmers and Sussex labourers. The farmers have not only employed these labourers to the exclusion of the Irish reapers, but have paid them good wages, which has diffused contentment and happiness among them. We hope this wise and judicious sys tem will have the effect, 'of which we have very little doubt, of quieting the minds of the once dissatisfied labourers, and that the malignant spirit which had taken such a strong hold of the misguided workmen has taken its flight from this coun try for ever. AMERICAN PAPERS. REVIEW OF THE NEW YORK MARKET, JULY J. (FOR THREE DAYS PRECEDING.) ASHES continue to sell freely on arrival at 4 dollars for Pots, and 4 dollars 30 for Pearls. The stock is unusually small for the season. COTTON.—By the ship New York advices have been re ceived from Liverpool to 26th May. The sales there the last two days had been less extensive, but prices were firm. By the ship France we have accounts from Havre to 24th May. The business there had been at a decline of 5 to 7 centimes ; on the 24th there was more done, and the market was firm. Stock on hand 40,343 bales of all sorts. The sales here have been at very full prices, and we advance our quotations to the rates which are now established. The celebration of the na- tion's birth-day (4th of July), however, has left less space for business, and the sales since our last have only been about 600 bales of Upland at 12 to 12f cents, and 200 Florida and Alabama, 12- a 141, including a few bales of the latter at 15} cents; making a total for the week of 1,600 bales. FLOUR AND MEAL.—In our last publication we noticed a little improvement, but the market has since become very lan guid, and prices are now no better than they were two weeks since. GRAlN.—There have been some further arrivals of Wheat, but we did not hear of any sales. The last sale of Western, within our knowledge, was at 106 cents for a very handsome quality. Corn and Rye remain without change, and but lit tle in market. A sale of handsome Maryland Corn was made at 66 cents. TOBACCO.—We have heard of no sales worth reporting. WooL.—The new clip begins to appear ; but prices are not well settled yet. FREIGHTS.—No improvement ; Cotton to Liverpool, in round bales, is taken at id. AUGUSTA MARKET.—JULY 28. Cotton is not selling quite so high as it was the first day the accounts of the 21st ult. were received; however, a fair business continues to be done at 1 1 a 124. General sales of fair crops are made at 12 a 121 d. cents per lb. NEW •ORLEANS MARKETS. JUNE 21. COTTON.—Arrived since the 13th instant, 3,883 bales Cleared, in the same time, 11,797 bales, leaving a stock of 40,411 bales. We estimate the sales of the week at about 3,000 bales, of which we have been made acquainted with the following, viz. :-152 bales at 125, 300 at 13, 17 at 12, 18 at 115 d, of Lousiana and Mississippi—of Tennessee and North Alabama, 90 at 12, 122 at 124, 400 at 12, 110 at 111, 200 at 1 9 , 800 at 121, 112 at 12+, 14 at 104- ; and 24 bales Florida at 12 cents. The demand continued fair, and the small quantity now coming in is taken on arrival. Our quo tations for the lower descriptions of Louisiana and Mississippi have been slightly advanced, -to correspond to sales, which, however, as will be perceived by our statement above, have been comparatively trifling, as the market is entirely destitute of that description of cottons. The quotations for other descrip tions are not changed, but the sales of the week have generally been at a small advance. _ _ TOBACCO.—The sales are comprised in the transfer of 175 hhds. from second hands, at an advance of from * a 4 cent on quotations. The small quantity actually in the market for sale precludes operations to any extent.—Arrived this week 667 hhds. Cleared 1,168 hhds. . - FLOUR.—Former prices continue current ; the consumption about keeps pace with the arrivals. FREIGHTS.—The rates for freight to Liverpool are still fur ther reduced ; present quotations are, for Cotton per lb. id. a id., and but little offering. Other quotations, except for Sugar, per hhd. to northern ports, from the coast ; which are reduced to 4 dollars a 4,25, remain without change, but as heretofore, nominal.—(Levy's Price Current.) PETERSBURGH, JULY 3. COTTON,—Seareely any has arrived this week. The sales reported arc 13 131, and a lot to a manufacturer at I 3A- cents. WHEAT.—None of the new crop yet received. A few sales have been made at 114 cents to be delivered very soon. Tonecco.—Common passed, 5 to 7 ; middling to good, 8 to 1,050. AMERICAN CURRENCY. GOLD.—We give our readers to day a Table of the Rates at which foreign and domestic Gold Coins have been selling in this country, at the times specified . Eagles. Sp. Doub. January 4, 1828 dollars 10 60 dollars 16 45 March 1 Alay 3 lO 60 16 12 January 6, 1829 — 10 70 16 15 May 4 - 18 621 16 00 January 9, 1830 -- 10 40 16 00 May 6, 1831 November 3 January 2, 1632 — 10 624 .16 12/ March 3, 1833 - 10 44 16 95 - April 5 - 17 37 May ° - 17 41'. January 2, 183-1 — 10 30 16 55 May 7 — 10 30 . 16 25 Thus it will be seen that from January, 1828, up to Janu. ary, 1832, a period of four years, the average value of the eagle was 16 dollars 60 cents., and that since the removal of tlie deposits it has been reduced to 10 dollars 30 cents. What good friends the present Administration have been to the gold miners of the South, whom they are now attempting to gain by the credit they are taking for the Gold Bill. The average value of the Spanish doubloon for six years has been 16 dol lars 42 cents. We believe that by adding one per cent. to the average value of gold for the last six years, we shall have its correct proportion to silver as near as the changeable nature of their relative values will admit. This would make the eagle worth 10 dollars 60 cents. . TIIE MOORS IN SCOTLAND.—The steam-ships that have sailed during the past and present week for Scotland had full complements of passengers for the Highlands. Shoot ing commences on the 12th current, and capital sport is anti cipated. Game was • never more plentiful The Dundee steam-ship sails this forenoon, with a great number of distill, guished sportsmen, for the Highland hills. EFFECT OF FEAR ON A TIGER.---A correspon. dent transmits us the following curious anecdote, ex t racte d from a letter received from India :____During the dreadful storm and inundation in Bengal in May, 1833, the estates of a Mr. Campbell, situated on the island of Saugur, at the en trance of the river Hoogly, suffered so greatly, that out of three thousand people living on his grounds only six or /Ova hundred escaped, and these principally by clinging to the roof and ceiling of his house. When the house was in this close crammed state, with scarcely room within it for another indivi dual, what should come squeezing and pushing its way into ti l e interior of the house but an immense tiger, with his tail hanging down, and exhibiting every other symptom of exces sive fear. Having reached the room in which Mr. Campbell was sitting, he nestled himself into one of the corners and lay , down like a large Newfoundland dog. Mr. Campbell loadod his gun in a very quiet manner,audslaat him dead collie :pot." —.Penny. Magazine.