The Sun. — London, England, 1827-07-21 00:00:00

alone it will maintain itself in the high rank of arbiter of the world, which is the certain position of dainterested power. In fact, nothing on earth can present the visible image of Providence like a force which, while able to do every thing, desires nothing for itself; and desires for the Weak precisely what their interest, well understood, would require of themselves, if they were able to choose." [The Gazette de France dated Thursday, has no news.] (From the Constitutionnel.) 66 If we suppose that the Powers who figure in the treaty (for the pacification of Greece) have re served to themselves the decision of this important point, all our uneasiness would not be dissipated. In fact, it is very possible that England, particularly when the composition of the present Ministry of that country is considered, would willingly assist in the - establishment of a new Republic on the ruins of the cities of ancient Greece. It is also possible that this classic form of Government might have less at traction for France, and, in fine, that it would prove far from agreeable to Russia. But admit for a mo ment that the Plenipotentiaries of the three mediating Powers have at last agreed as to the external form to be given to the new State, either by reciprocal con cessions, or by a selection of one of those modern creations in which Republicanism is slightly veiled under the appearance of Monarchy, there will still remain to be obtained, for such an arrangement, the consent of the state, which we have, with reason, pointed out as the most essentially interested in the question—namely, the consent of Austria. "And what strong and well-founded reasons will not that power be able to advance ? She may, re mind France and Russia of the principles of the Holy Alliance, of those principles which governed the decisions of the Congress at Verona. She may say to France—' You sent, at a great expense, your armies into Spain, to overthrow a form of Govern ment which you declared menaced your internal tranquillity; and you are going to establish close to my states an ill-disguised Republic' To Russia, she might say—' Are you, then, weary of that repose which we lately conquered amidst innumerable dan gers ?' Prussia would support this language with all -the conviction which results from evident danger. Austria would, doubtless, have little to say to Eng land, after the celebrated speech of Mr. Canning; and yet she might remind that Minister, that he had promised not to revolutionize Europe, without ne cessity, for England, &c. " lassos, JULY 2.—The Decree published in the Gazette of the 28th of June cannot be considered as a measure calculated to diminish the alarm which prevails as to the danger of civil war. This strange decree forbids the printing of any discussion of the principles, established by article 30 of chapter 5 of the Charter, which treats of the Regency. Some persons attribute this decree to the influence of Sir Wm. A'Court : and the prohibition confirms those persons in the idea that Don Miguel will come to Portugal as soon as he shall have attained his 25th year, the period of his majority, which will be on the 26th of October next. They even go so far as to say, that this arrangement has been agreed to among the great Powers, and • that becauie the opinion expressed by the liberal papers here is opposed to such an arrangement, it has been thought fit to silence them. Our liberals cry out loudly against this plan. They accuse the English Go vernment of perfidy, saying, that it employs its am bassadors and its troops to support or overturn con stitutional systems, just as may suit its interests or circumstances, and abandons to re-actions the men who have compromised themselves for it. There is some truth in these complaints : but it ought to be observed, that it is the scum of the liberal party which attached itself to the side of the English : the rest have always shown a repugnance to foreign in terference. It is even certain that had General Clinton insisted on making his troops occupy the fortresses of the kingdom, the whole of the consti tutional army, with a few exceptions, would have made common cause with the Royalists against him. It is reported that the Extraordinary Cortes are to be convoked. The decree of convocation, it is said s already drawn up." (From the COnatitutioisnel.) (reivaTe coastasrostrawcz.) SMYRNA, MAY 29,-1 have this instant (ten at .night) been informed of an event which has taken place at Chesme, opposite the island of Scio, and which will-offend no less than three great Eutopean Powers. On the 20th current, the consular agent of France at Chesme, two Austrian, and one Russian, subjects were attacked in their respective homes by the local 'authorities, seized and dragged before the Pa cha of Scio, who has loaded them with irons, and cast them all four into prison.. On learning their imprison ment, the Austrian Vice-Consul at Scio hastened to send his principal dragoman to the Pacha to learn the cause of so violent and irregular a pro proceeding; but hereceived for answer that no drago man would be received, and that no account was to be rendered to Consuls. On receiving this strange answer, the Vice-Consul repaired to the castle, dressed in his uniform, but the gates .were closed against him, and the Pacha refesed to give him au dience. After having received this double insult, the Vice-Consul withdrew from the island and went :to Smyrna, in order to inform the Austrian Consul- Geoeral and the Internuncio of what had happened to the t - wo Austrian subjects, and the one Russian, is . .ud to seek ,satisfaction for the insult he had per sonally received. Up to the present time the Con aul-General of France has not received any advises from his Vice-Consul, but he is himself expected every instant. • LRIPSIC, Jinx B,__(PRIVATE LETTER.)—The last act of our late King was, as is well known, the Edict regulating the gzercise of jurisdiction of the Catholic Clergy, and the reciprocal relations between Catholics and Protestants. From de 'Notion, and the regard of the Monarch towards the Holy See, this Edict was submitted to the Pope, who, it was expected, would the, less he sitate at granting a Brief of Confirmation, as the provisions of it were very favourable' td the Ca tholic Church. Yet, contrary to all expecte ti.an, his Holiness • his just refused his Brief. As , as we are able to lear n, the reason on which the tar r g minded, is the inadmiss i b ilit y of several refusal . '—bich are regarded as inc om p atible with provisions, N. o f his supreme authority in the entire exer , spiritual affairs. Ti'e sth article is particularly ob noxious, as by it no Brce4.; or other act published by the Apostolical See, shall be Published without pre viously obtaining the Royal sarrcison. His Holiness also rejects all tie provisions pir t4 tAblishing and a s concur a - . itul ren t jurisdiction b e twe en the tem po,,,sl pow er in causes cogn izable b y the CoThnstory or Council of the Vicarate. In the same manner he declines the authority of the King's Privy Council, which, in certain cases of collision, is directed to bee referred to, a nd before the King gives his sup reme decision. In short, this decision is also reject i ed, as incompatible with t he spiritual jurisdiction. We not aware what will be the final re o . .ution ta judge but if wemay the Government in this case; by the character of the King, and those w hosurrount his throne, there is every reason for conce i v i ng . th at . every attack on its it will remain' firm, and repulse legitimate authority. THE GUELPHS AND GIIIP,ELLINES--it was about the middle of the twelfth cen tury that these two names resounded as a war-cry at the bat tle of Reinsberg, in Germany. Henry Wolfe Este united to the Duchy of Tuscany and to the other possessions of the house of Este in Lombardy, the Duchies of SL. , icony and Bavaria. Ire entered into intrigues to obtain the imperial crown ; but Conrad, Duke of Francona ; his competitor, was preferred to him. Henry Welfe Este refused to acknowledge his authority, and was despoiled of his German possessions. After his death, which happened in 1120, his brother Welfe VI. made war upon Conrad, to recover his rights in Bavaria. The Imperialists were commanded by Frederic, the Emperor's nephew, who had been educated at Wuiblin gen ; their war-cry was Wuiblingen, that of the Bavarians was Welfe. The use of these words passed from Germany into Italy ; and, being metamorphcsed into Ghibellines and Guelphs, designated, up to the 15th century, the former, that party which upheld the Emperor's pretensions ; the tatter, the party which opposed them... Weekly Review, PRIVATE LETTER FROM LISBON. LISBON, JULY 4.—The Portuguese question seems not to be precisely understood, either in this country or in London : some from very intelligible motives wilfully pervert it; others,, from want of due consi deration, overlook manr of the points necessary to a right conclusion. I will endeavour to state the question with accuracy, leaving you to make such comments as you may deem requisite. I have repeatedly apprized you of the strength of Miguel's party, of the boldness and activity of their attempts to overthrow the Constitution, and of the weakness and indecision of the friends of the Regent and the Charter. It may seem strange to Englishmen that so fierce and powerful an opposition should be organized against institutions, which, whatever may be their defects, have yet an obvious tendency to increase the dignities, power, and privileges of the upper classes, and to ameliorate the condition of all; but you will take a very erroneous view of the mo tives of this band of conspirators, if von suppose they are actuated by the mere hatred of liberty, or by any extraordinary affection for the person of Don Miguel. The audacity of their rebellion rests on the same basis as the imbecility of the Constitutional Government—on a mistaken but widely spread opinion of their actual position. The rebels assert, and a great part of the Constitutionalists have given too ready an acquiescence to the as sertion, that, by the Charter, Don Miguel, when he reaches his majority in October next, will as a mat ter of course succeed to the Regency. The well known opinions of that Infant can justify very little doubt as to his love of liberal institutions, and the proximity of the event of his majority naturally em boldens his friends, and paralyzes the efforts of the friends of the Constitution. General, however, as is this opinion of Don Miguel's right, it is evidently altogether erroneous, as a very little consideration will satisfy every impartial reasoner. The question of a Regency according to the Charter is altogether irrelevant : it has not begun to exist, and least of all can it be raised in favour of an individual who refuses his assent to, or who shall attempt to over throw the Charter. But, its point of fact, it has not begun to exist. The Emperor, Don Pedro, the au thor of the Charter, has never parted with the so- Vereignty of Portugal: . he is, both de jure and de facto, at this moment King of the coun try. He has, indeed, promised and undertaken to abdicate in favour of his daughter; but he has annexed two positive • conditions precedent to such abdication—one; the marriage of his daughter to Don Miguel ; the other, the acceptance of the Charter by Don Miguel. Allowing that the Prince has given the most decided assent to the Charter—allowing that there remains no shadow of doubt as to the sincerity of his intention—still there is another condition to be fulfilled, the fulfilment of which is equally indispensable to give validity to the instrument of abdication in its present form. This condition—the marriage of Don Miguel with Donna Gloria—cannot at present be fulfilled, nor indeed for some years to come; the intended bride is a child of eight years of age, and by the laws of Por tugal, marriage is a sacrament, and 'consummation is absolutely necessary to the completion of the contract. Though, therefore, the Emperor may, if he please, dispense with this latter condi tion of his abdication, it is evident that till he so' dispenses with it, he has not abdicated, and is still the Sovereign of Portugal as well as of Brazil. If this view be correct,—and it is, as you will see, a matter of fact rather than a matter of argu ment,—then all the reasoning of Don Miguel's party is founded on a blunder, and is totally inapplicable to the actual state of things. The question of Regency under the Charter does not arise, because the rule there laid down applies to the case of the minority of the rightful Sovereign; but it is not the minor, Vonna Gloria, who reigns, it is her father, who is of full age, and in full exercise of his authority. He has, indeed, thought proper to consign his power in his absence to his sister, who was of the age de signated in the Charter; but this was-a matter 'of choice,not of obligation : he might, ifjie had pleased, have appointed Miguel Regent : he might have ap pointed the Bishop of Viseu : he might have dele gated his power to one or to many—in fact, to any whom he thought most fit. It was a mere temporary delegation of his power, and resumable at pleasure. Hia sister is his Vice-Queen, and not Regent in her own right. Such, it appears to me, is the real state of the question, though it has been so strangely misunder stood both by friends and foes. There are, how ever, some sounder heads among the principal poli ticians here who regard the matter in the same light in which I have endeavoured to put it ; but who, fin. the sake of mitigating the fury of civil dissen sion, and of securing that all-important object, the settlement of the kingdom, are willing to listen to some compromise, by which they hope at once to preserve the Constitution and to conci liate its bitterest enemies. I shall shortly state what from repeated conversations I gather to be their plan of operation, leaving to you (if you think it proper) the discussion of its expediency or probable success. They suggest, then, that the Emperor Don Pedro should at once come to Europe, and . assume the functions as well as the title of the kingly office in Portugal. His deter mined character, his popular demeanour, and that habitual regard and veneration which the very name of King excites in almost all individuals of this na tion, would, it is believed, make his presence here an immediate and universal signal for tranquillity, and for the cordial adoption of his institutions. The national vanity, which has been not a little irritated by the abrupt and unceremonious manner in which the Charter ,was all but flung in their faces, without notice, without consultation of their wishes, will, it is imagined, be instantly soothed by the appearance of the Royal donor, and by those various arts of conciliation by which well-advised sovereigns so easily efface the memory of wrongs, even in nations who are used to scan with severer eyes than the Portuguese the actions of their rulers. Thus soothed with his attentions, thus impressed with the cer tainty of their overeign's will, the people in general, it is thought, would readily be brought to adopt, with respect, that Charter which they now look upon with indifference : the nobles who have really an. interest in the sup port of the Constitution, which confers on them new and high privileges, would, when they saw the chance of popular aid withdrawn, be the first to advise Miguel to desist from a useless resistance; and Miguel, whatever be his wishes, could scarcely hope to stand alone against both the people and the privileged classes. When Pedro had remained long enough to be sure of the existence of this effect, which is confidently anticipated by those who have studied the Portuguese character, he might then, in a solemn assembly of the Cortes, surrounded by all the pomp and circumstance calculated to dazzle the popular imagination, and in the presence of the Am bassadors of Foreign States, venture to abdicate in favour even of Miguel i binding him publicly by those oaths and guarantees, which, thus openly record sd in the face of his country and of Europe, that Prince could hardly dare to falsify. Stronger mo tives than any that occur to common understand ings must influence his mind, if, in spite even of his personal interest, he should have the criminal bold ness to incur the indignation of his own people and the contempt of the world by proclaiming himself a perjurer and a traitor. Men of bolder minds, and with the possibility of positive advantage, have re fused to break their plight given amid such public and imposing solemnities. A Prince in the situation of Miguel must be perfectly insane to risk the total loss of all power and of all character without one conceivable advantage, without the slightest chance of success; for, on the hypothesis here developed, he would certainly lose all aid from the people, all aid from the nobles,all aid from foreign Governments. Such, as briefly as I could state it, is the real view of the Regency question ; such are the suggestions of some of the most enlightened friends of Portugal, entertaining the same view of the Regency question, but willing to give up even their dislike to Miguel for the sake of general tranquillity and concord,— HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORROW. Morning...4B minutes after 0. I Evening —.13 minutes after Y • . . - 5 r _ LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, JULY 21, 1827. The Paris Papers of Wednesday, and the Gazette de France dated Thursday morning, reached us last night. They contain no political intelligence, except an allusion to the report of the PACHA of EGYPT having declared himself independent of the Porte, being confirmed. Not any particulars are, however, given, and the rumour still rests on no authority. The Moniteur, in its non-official part, has a long, and as it appears to us, a Very confused and common-place dissertation on the treaty for the arrangement of the affairs of Greece, but its drift and meaning are not easily discovered, un less it be to prove the magnanimity and gene rosity of France, and the wisdom of her foreign policy. The article will be found amongst our extracts, together with one on the same subject from the Constitutionnel, which takes a very ifferent view of the question, and of the pro- bable consequences which may arise out of it. The same paper has an article from, Lisbon dated the 2d inst., attributing the Decree which has been promulgated there for the regulation of he Press to the influence of Sir W. A'CouRT. It is stated in an article from Leipsic, that the POPE has refused his Brief to the last Act of the late KING, namely, the Edict regulating the exercise of Jurisdiction of the Catholic Clergy, and the reciprocal relations between Catholicg, and Protestants. FRFNCH FuNns.—Rentes, Five per Cent. 102 f. 90.% Three and a half per Cent. 72f. 45c. 50c. ; Bank Actions, 2020 f. 2025 f. FOREIGN Ftnins.—Rentes Nap. Cert. Fal. 35c. ; Royal Spanish Loan, 611 ; Interminable Span. Annuities, 46 45i; Haytian Loan, 675 f. In another column will be found a private letter from Lisbon (which we copy from the Times), giving an accurate view of the Regency question, to a mistaken understanding of which the writer attributes in a great degree the supine- ness and indecision of the Constitutionalists, and the boldness and activity of their opponents. It is evident by every communication which reaches this country from Lisbon, that the Con stitution must be overthrown at no distant pe riod, unless some bold and striking measure be adopted to rouse the feelings of the people, and to annihilate the hopes of the Apostolicals as to the right of DON MIGUEL to assume the Re gency, when he has attained the age of twenty five years• We subjoin also a letter from Lisbon, dated the 4th, which we find in the columns of a nother cotemporary, condemning the conduct of the present Government, which is said to be bent on causing a war with Spain. The next accounts by the mail, which became due yesterday, will probably be possessed of high interest. It will be observed by this letter that two of Our line-of-battle ships sailed from the Tagus on the 4th, for the Mediterranean. They were the Spar/fate and Albion. The Genoa remains• • LisanN, JULY s.—The conduct of the Covprnment is as had as ever ; it seems bent on causing a war with Spain. Encouragement is given to deserters from that country, whose only object is an invasion. Some trifling example of punishment was made, in flogging some deserters from the 7th Portuguese regiment, who were following their companions towards the Spanish frontier—but this punish ment is regarded with ridicule or disgust. Military execu tion is the proper mode. On the frontiers there are con tinual robberies. The Apostolics are at the bottom of this scheme, for they wish to drive this country to invade Spain, that a good pretext may be afforded for a counter invasion. There has been no intelligence from Vienna of Don Miguel's decision ; but it is thought be will not proceed to the Brazils. Great agitation was created here by a report of his having escaped from Austria. There is a rumour of an insurrection having broken out at Para, in favour of a republican system. Two British men-of-war left the Tagus yesterday, to proceed to Gibraltar—some say to the Dardanelles, to watch the proceedings in that quarter. By the Journal de St. Petersburg, of the gd instant, we have received further details of the army in Georgia, whose desultory operations possess little interest and less importance : NEWS OF THE ARMY IN GEORGIA. ST. PETERSBURG, JULY 3. • On the 21st of May (2d of June), General Berikendorf detached four companies of the 4th refit. of Cossacks of the Black Sea, under the command of the Starchina of the Cossacks, Verbitzky, to attack the Tartars, who had ad vanced from Daralaghez with a reinforcement towards the villages situated along the little river Kirk Boulak. On the 3d June, at d...,-nreak, twelve men, who accompanied twenty oxen, having accidentally approachld a post of fifty Cos9acksrand seein4 the superiority of the latter, surren. &red without a blow. After having united the remainder of the Cossacks with those who composed the post, Ver bitzky advanced towards the river Kirk Boulak. He had not proceeded above four wersts, when he met with a party of the enemy of one liundred men, with a con siderable number of beasts of burdEn, posted iu a ravine, from which they began a well supported Sre. The Cossacks dismounted and immediately surrounded the enemy, who surrendered on the representation of the Armenian, Mortiros Vekileff. On this occasion we made 90 prisoners, and took a great number of oxen : 50 horse men were afterwards seen near the village of Tchadran, and as many men, with a great number of beasts of burden, also had approached the village of Baschkent, situated beyond the little river Kirk Boulak ; two companies of Cossacks were sent in pursuit of them, •but they could not overtake the horsemen in their flight ; they, however, cap tured 100 oxen and some horses. The result of this expedition, is a loss to the enemy of 16 men taken prisoners, 241 oxen, and 34 horses, and 19 bales, containing wheat and other effects, and a quan ity of arms. Major Baesoff, who was sent on the sth of June to the Birk Boulak, to forage, returned without accident, bringing with him 22 prisoners, 11 horses, and 11 oxen. By order of General Benkendorff, the Shadlines taken in the expedition of the Starchina Verbitzky, had been restored to liberty, in order to induce their countrymen to submit. The expectation of General Benkendorff has been fulfilled, for Asian, Sultan of the Shadline., has applied to him in writing, to place himself under the protection of his Majesty, the Emperor, and has persuaded some Aga!are., of the Khanal of Erivan, to do the same. At their request, General Benkendorff has ordered letters of protection to be given to all of them. According to the reports of Prince Bekovitsch Tcherkasky, chief of the military district of Kaketia, there is no news of any hostile enterprize among the inhabitants of Tschary and the other mountaineers of that country. ODESSA, JUNE 16. Our trade is at this time very brisk. The streets are crowded with Waggons ; the roads and the port are full of ships. Within these few days eighty of them have arrived, most of them to take in cargoes of wheat. The great number of ships causes a degree of scarcity of wheat of good quality, notwithstanding the large supplies that daily arrive. - Wheat of the first quality is sold at 14 rubles, 65 copees per chetwert. It is to be presumed that this price will be maintained for some time, because further arrivals are expected from Constantinople with the first favourable wind. The flock of merinos the property of his Royal . Highness the Duke of Wurtemburg as well as that of M. Pictet, has yielded about 3,500 ponds (126,000 lbs.) of fine wool, which have been sold for exportation. The wool of the Merinos was sold at 35 to 35/ rubles ; that of the third generation at 30, and that of the first and - second at 20 rubles. A wretched Evening Paper, whose false hoods we sometimes take the trouble of ex posing, endeavours to escape from a dilemma of this description, by showing that it only raised the number of Lords of the Treasury from five to six, instead of from six to seven— as we understood that it had asserted. This mistake was of. little real importance, for the gist of their story was, that a new seat had been created at the Treasury Board for Mr. MAURICE FITZGERALD, and this we dis proved, by giving the List of the Board, both under Lord LIVERPOOL and Mr. CANNING. Whilst we are on this subject we may observe, that the same worthless organ of the Ultras, as well as a Morning Contemporary, attach great im portance to , the Duke of WELLINGTON'S having visited the KING at Windsor—an event which they attribute to the express com mand of his MAJESTY. This we have good reason to believe was not the fact.— Brt what could be more natural than that the Duke should pay his respects to his :Sovereign on the Anniversary of his Coronation? But this practice of making mountains out of molehills is in admirable keeping with the whole conduct of the Ultras. Their regrets for their Paradise Lost, and their endeavours to regain it, give rise to feelings equal in malig nity to those of MILTON'S Devils. By the Queen Charlotte, Captain MANN, arrived off Eastbourne, Sydney papers (New South Wales) have been received at the North and South American Coffee House to the 7th March. The following are extracts.:— The Bank of New South Wales, in resolving not to re ceive deposits on interest, have not only decided against their own, but also the interest.; of the Colony; the assist ance given by the Bank in the way of discounts have been exclusively limited to the inhabitants of Sydney. Com plaints are made, however, that the Bank has never been liberal in this respect. The Executive Council met yes terday, and continued in deliberation for several hours. It is supposed that the final doom of the men convicted of piracy on the Wellington formed the principal business before them. The Queen Charlotte is the first colonial built vessel that has been despatched for England ; she was built at Sydney Cove by an American ship builder or carpenter in the year 1812. A new Weekly Newspaper is established, under the title of the Gleaner. The Blacks in the district of Newcastle, have again given instances of hostility. They paid a visit to Mr. Cory's farm, and gave him ample reason to remember them, having burnt down his stacks, together with 1,500 bushels of wheat, they also speared • his shepherd, who provoked this act of hostility, by defending his master's sheep from the attack of their dogs. Sir Thos. Brisbane is about to receive a large grant of land in this colony, in order to allow his agent to select 10,000 acres ; he has been here, we be lieve, for some weeks. Sir T. Brisbane will thus have a real and substantial interest in the welfare of the Colony. It appears that the expectations of the Pearl Fishing Company, will, to a fair extent, be realized. The first trip of the first two ships in this service, viz. the Rolla and Sir George Osborne, have been attended with considerable success. The Sir George Osborne has been despatched to England, with a full cargo of a promising quality. The principal part consists of shells, arrow-root, cocoa nut, oil, &c. &c., a great deal of which has been obtained at the Society Islands, in traffic with the natives, who receive articles of English fabric in exchange. A large inland sea or lake has been discovered to the westward of Wel lington Valley. The part in which it exists has never been tracked by an European. The natives who have furnished the tidings, describe it in such a way as to leave little doubt of the accuracy of the information. Two tribes who had been at war for some time, and who had effected a reconciliation, lately came to Wellington Valley, and made known they had penetrated to the distance of 250 _miles west . ; the water spoken of is supposed to have some communication with the River Macquarrie. The Sydney Market dues for four months, had been sold for the sum of 226/. The Colonial Times of the 16th ult., has reached us, by the Hope; the Government of the Sister Colony determine to proceed in the glorious path of un popularity, and are howling at the press, threatening pro. secutions, and making all the speed they can to work their own destruction, the general opinion seems to be entertained, that nearly all the criminals convicted of piracy will suffer death ; twelve of the ringleaders have boen officially given to understand, they can expect no mercy ; the whole are confined in the condemned cells, and kept on the chain. Capt. Duke ofthe Two Sisters, for his services in recapturing the Wellington from the pirates, was to be rewarded with a sum of money as prize-money ; and for this purpose per sons on the part of the Crown, and Captain Duke, had been appointed to consider what was a fair reward for his meritorious conduct on this occasion. Forgery continues a prominent crime in the Colony, and the Bank of New South Wales and Australia had been both sufferers to a considerable extent. His Majesty's ship Fly sailed on Tuesday, for Hobart Town, and India ; the Hope, Cunningham, from London, on the 15th ult. Arrived at Hobart Town, the ship Admircil Cockburn, Captain Cooling, she brings out a beautiful horse, which cost 300 guineas ; two were shipped , I but one died. Also 23 'Merino sheep, 60 having (lied op the voyage. It appears the pirates kept a regular log book of their proceedings. The cutter .Lambton. and, l ehip Rosanna, belonging to the New Zealand Company, had returned ; the Company, after having landed all their stores, were obliged to abandon the settlement, on account of not finding sufficient produce to make returns home, and had returned with them to New South Wiles. The ship Albion, Captain Ralph, from Portsmouth, brings 192 male prisoners ; the Midas, Captain Rargrie, with 145 male prisoners. Sailed, on Sunday last, for London, the ship Marquis of Hnntly, Capt. Ascough. The Portland was spoken in the Straits, all well, by the Midas. The Harriet bad sailed from New Zealand for England when the Sisters left. The thermometer in Argyle, when under the viranda of the house, stood at 110. The Australia was trading for London. The Hugh Crawford was to sail froni Hobart Town the Ist of March. His Majesty's ship Rainbow had arrived from Ceylon on the 17th February at New South Wales. We learn upon the best authority that Sir HUNIPHREY DAVY has transmitted to the country his resignation of the Presidency of the Royal Society. It is rumoured that the Chair is to be occupied by Mr. PEEL. The judicious regulation promulgated by his Royal Highness, the LORD HIGII ADMIRAL, for governing the principle on which promo tions in the Navy shall take place, deserves to he particularly alluded to : for, although it may appear to relate only to men of one profes sion, it, in fact, concerns us all, as affecting the best interests of that branch of the service on which will hereafter depend the very security of the country, in maintaining that dominion of the sea, which the glorious deeds of our Navy have achieved. It is not long since we pointed out the hard ship to which honourable and good Officers were frequently subjected by the uncertain and objectionable system which had obtained in re gard to the promotion of Captains to the rank of Flag Officers. This evil has now been remedied. His MAJESTY, On the LORD HIGH ADMIRAL'S recommendation, has abrogated all existing re gulations and customs on that subject, and has defined accurately the principle on which Officers are to be promoted to 'the active, or to the retired list of Rear Admirals; and in laying down general rules for this purpose his MAJESTY has established a principle which is alike just to the nation and to the individual. That an Officer of good character should be passed over because he had not been able to ob tain the command of a ship *of the line, though he had served actively in frigates, was manifestly unjust and cruel, but it was equally objectionable that an Officer who had never had any experience in the command of ships should be advanced to the Active List of Flag Officers. The new Re gulation has fairly met the case, by providing that Captains duly qualififd in other respects shall be deemed entitled to promotion as Flag Officers of the Fleet if they have commanded ships of war, of any one of the six rates, for four years in war, or for six years in peace, or for five years in peace and war. This appears to us to he a wise and a just regulation ; it ensures to the country that no Officer without experience shall be placed in the important station of a Flag Officer, while it leaves the individual concerned in no uncertainty whether he is to attain the object of every Officer's ambition, or to be con sidered as not having a claim to it. It provides also, that the Officer who has not avoided ser vice, and whose character is unimpeached, shall, although he has not been much employed as Captain, nevertheless attain the rank of Rear- Admiral, but shall be placed on a retired list ; thus providing liberally for Officers, who, though not eligible for active employment in the distinguished post of a Flag Officer, are not de serving of degradation in the eyes of their brother officers, and of the world, by being continued as Captains, while their juniors are promoted. Those Captains who are not entitled to promo tion are to be removed from the List of Officers and placed on the Estimates of the Navy for pensions equal to their half-pay. But the regulation with respect to the time of t service of Lieut e n an t s a nd Commanders, b e f ore can be p romo t e d, is, perhaps, still more important to the future interests of the service. The regulation hitherto has been that a Lieu tenant must have held that rank two years, and a Commander his rank one year, before he could be promoted ; but no stipulation existed with respect to actual service in either rank. Hence it might happen that an Officer might attain the high rank of Captain without ever having served as a Lieutenant or Commander. Such a case might never, it is true, have occurred—but there was ma regulation to prevent it, and in stances undoubtedly h ave occurre d o f Officers having been promoted who had served very short periods in either rank, or had never served in one of them. The regulation promulgated by his Royal Highness provides that Lieutenants and Commanders shall act?rally serve two years and one year in those ranks respectively before they can be considered eligible for promotion ; thus wisely insuring that every Officer shall have a certain experience in every grade of his pro fession. It is by regulations such as these, founded on just and proper principles, that the Navy of Great Britain will, even in times of peace, main tain its superiority over the naval service of every other country in the world : and if a time should again arrive, as in the course of things it must, when the country must rest for its security on its natural defence, the Navy will be found as pre-eminent for its discipline, its skill, anti expe rience, as it has been for its perseverance and bravery in every period of our Naval Hktory. Demerara Papers, to the 23d of May inclusive, have been received. Their contents are not important. Ilia Excel lency the Commander-in-Chief bad returned from a tour of military inspection in Berbice, and had inspected the 19th Regiment of Infantry at Eve Leary Parade Ground. The weather was favourable; and the fine and superior disci pline of this justly-celebrated regiment, formed a military treat seldom enjoyed in the Colony. The greateat har mony exists between the Council and A4sembly of Tobago and the acting Executive. These Papers express their happiness and hopes, from the establishment of Mr. Can ning's Administration, and that there will he an end of at tacks on the Colonies, a revival of prosperity, and a gre.- dual abolition of unequal laws and abuses. They observe, however, that it is a terrible task for any man to undertake the management of affairs, entangled by a long course of ruinous policy. Honduras Papers of the 19th of May, have been received. They bring accounts from Guatemala of the 18th of April ; the last accounts received frotn the President Ara state, that he was in St. Anna, collecting forces to proceed against Salvadore, and had already collected 3,000 men. Forced contributions had been levied on the natives as well as citi zens. The city was quiet and well guarded by its inhabi tants, who are for Med into corps and patrol every night.— It was expected that the President would succeed in restor ing order throughout the Republic. All business, how ever, was at a stand for the present. BATAVIA, F.FI3. 12.—The John Barry, Roach, from hence to Rotterdam, put back to Onreizt, 19th ult, leaky and rudder sprung. During a gale on the let, 500 bags of coffee were thrown overboard, the rest of the cargo has been discharged ; about 1,500 bags of coffee are damaged ; she is repairing, and will probably get away in about a month. FEB. 21.—The Chapman, Milbank, is still waiting for a cargo for Europe. The Adrian, Brown, is partly laden, and the principal part of her freight secured. The Margaretta and the William will sail in a few days. It is'believed that Mr. HOBHOUSE, the Under Secretary of the Home Department, and Mr. NEREUS, the Secretary of the Treasury, go ont of office. If the latter gentleman shall give up his place, it will be a very serious loss : he is, perhaps, the best man of business among all the members of Administration.— Times. The amount to he laid out during the quarter ending on the 10th of October, by the Commissioners for the Re demption of the Debt, is fixed at 1,164,5301. making the amount of daily purchases 23,290/. In addition to the above, the Commissioners make regular purchases on ac count of the Savings' Ranks, which have a similar effect in taking stock permanently, or nearly so, out of the market--experience having shown, since the 'institution of Savings' Banks, that the fund has continued regularly to increase, with the exception of the period of the panic of December, 1 825. THE FUNDS-(THIS DAY). CITY, TwsLrp o'CLocr. The business of the English Funds continue to be limited in amount, and for the reasons already given a desire seems general in the speculators to avoid entering into fresh trans actions until the settling day has passed over, from the alarm of expected failures at that time. Consols opened at 874 I for account, and Bs4 6 for money, ex. div. ; they bare since been 87i, buyers, for account, and are now sellers ; there is no alteration in Exchequer Bills or India Bonds since yesterday, and the premium continues the same, viz., 57 8 for the former, and 89 -90 for the latter. Little or no business is doing in the Foreign Funds, and at pre emit every thing remains nearly stagnant ; Mexican Bonds are 684 4 ; Chili= have advanced to 30 ; Colombian are steady at 824 I; Greek remain at 16 4 ; in the other Foreign Securities there is no alteration. Nothing new can be quoted in Mining Speculations, except in Brazilian, which are a trifle higher, being 4 to 14 pm. ; Colombian Shares are a shade worse, being 9 11 per Share. Three per Cent. Consols, 858 86 ; Ditto for Ac count, B'7 ; India Bonds, 89 90 pm. ; Exchequer Bills, 57 8 pm. FORElGN. — Biazilian, 594 60 ; Buenos Ayres, 581 94 ex. div. ; Chilian, 30 ; Colombian, 1824, 324 i ; Danish, 624 3 ; French 5 per Cent. 724 st Ditto 3 per Cent. 103 ; Greek, 16 ; Mexican 5 per Cent., 56 ; Ditto 6 per Cent., 68A- ; Portuguese, 76 ; Russian, 941 ; Spanish, 10 11. MINES.—AngIo Mexican, 50 dis.; Colombian, 9 11 per Share; Real del Monte, 80 70 dia. ; Tialpuxahua, 50 40 dis.; United Mexican, 20 19 die.. Two o' CLocr. There has not been the least alteration in Coneols, which continue at 871, buyers, and the market nearly without business. HALF-PAST TWO. Consols for. Account, 87i L, nothing doing. FOUR o'CLOCK—CLOSING PRICES. Consols 85i 6 Danish Bonds 621 Do. for Ac. 87 , a I Greek Do. 1825, 16 Brazilian Bonds Mexican Do. 1825 68,i Buenos Ayres Do. 581 Peruvian Do. Chilian Do. 31 Russian Do. 94f Columbian, 1824, 324 Spanish Do. 10f THE ARMY. A detachment of the 4th Regiment of Font will embark to-morrow at the Tower-stairs, on route for the depot now at Teignmouth Castle. A Detachment belonging to the 7th Regiment of Dragoon Guards, marched yesterday, from Westminster, for Coventry. A Detachment belonging to the 28d Royal Welch FilZi leers, is ordered to %arch this morning, from Westminster, for Brecon. A Detachment belonging to the 24th Regiment of In fantry, is ordered to march this morning, from Westminster, for Bristol, on route to Athlone. A Detachment belonging to the 73d Regiment of Foot, is ordered to march this morning, from Westminster, for Bristol, on route to Waterford. Detachments belonging to the 77th and 79th Regiments of Infantry, are ordered to march this morning, from West minster, for Bristol, on route to Belfast. An experienced Beeman mentions that Bees have swarmed uncommonly well this season. There is scarcely an old hive but what have thrown off a swarm or two. A man in the Calton has a fine swarm that he set down in the country, and it had thrown off by that day four weeks a virgin swarm. If the season holds On pro pitious, honey will be very plentiful this season, A man in Anderston who is accustomed to weigh his hiVes weekly, found that one of them in three weeks, was 50 lb. clear of the board or stone that it stands upon. One very good day it gained no less than 511bs.— Glasgow Chronicle. lookinge a insanity,tti nglh HEREDITARY INSANITY.--By great tem perance in living, and avoiding mental emotion and e xertion as much as possible , insanity may be prevented, subject in this point of v i ew , t h at d rea d o f . e ven where the predisposition t o i t is strongly marked ; till, length,tiie the predisposition itself is w orn ou t. By h exists so strongly i n many m i n d s , may b e greatly a e t s w sened, as it holds ou t a reasona bl e groun d f or expecting that the tendency to the malady may be gradually overcome, and that by simple and practicable means.— Lancet. STRANDED WHALES.--11l the Orkney Islands large numbers of small whales are sometimes driven on shore, by the exertions of the tenantry, who go off in boats, and use various means to force the whales towards the land. A cave occurred lately at Scapa Bay, near the property of Mr. David Spence, where a number of these whales having been captured by several boats' crews on the shore, below Mr. Spence's lands, he claimed a share of them as his due, as being the owner of the ground. He maintained this claim in a b;11 of advocation to the Judge of the High Court of Admiralty of Scotland, complaining of a judgment of the Vice-Admiral Depute of Orkney. This claim was opposed upon the ground that the place where the fishes were stranded, killed, and flinched, consisted .of the public sea-shore, and was situated within flood-mark, and that the public had as much right to use it for such purpose as the owner of the adjoining land. Mr. Spence maintained that there was a practice in the neighbouring Shetland Isles, by which the owner of the land got a third of the profits of all whales killed on the sea-shore below his lands. But to this it was answered, that even if such an unlawful practice did prevail in Shetland, it could not be enforced when opposed in a Court of Law, being in itself hostile to the most fundamental principles of law. The Judge-Admiral refused the bill of advocation, and found the land-owner liable in expencei, and thus refused to sus tain his claim to a share of the whales which wer e ca p.. tured by the industry of the peasautri. , —Edinburgh Zycning Courant, Whether this project be expedient—whether it will succeed—l will not undertake to pronounce. I cer tainly think it plausible, andl feel that some striking and publicact is absolutely necessary before the minds of this indolent population can be brought to feel an interest in their Charter--before the rebellious nobles can be induced to abandon that conspiracY which they believe to be agreeable to their probable future Sovereign—before Miguel and the Queen will con sider their cause hopeless—before, in short, stability can be given to the Government, and quiet to the people. COURSE OF Exem Amsterdam 'C.F. 12 3 Ditto, at eight l2 0 Rotterdam . 2 U l2 4 Antwerp l2 4 liambnigl► 2' U. 37 0 Altona *i U. 37 Parla, 3days' sight 25 45 Ditto 2 U. 25 70 Bordeaux 25 70 Berlin Frankfort on Maiue, Ex. M. 1531 Pet ersburgh, ride... 3 Us. 10 Vienna, effective B. 2 M. 10 6 Trieste do. Madrid 34U Cadiz 34% Bilboa 34% Barcelona 13 Seville 'l4 Gibraltar 15 PRICES OF IRISH Bank Stock m24o Consols, 3 percent. B5 Gov. Stock, 33 per cent 91% Ditto, New 9 I ' 1 per Cent. lOO 5 Gov. Deb, 3% per cent. - Royal Canal Stock - Grand Canal Stock ll% City Deb. 4 per cent ... - Ballast Office Deb. 4p. et. --- NG E YESTERDAY. Leghorn 4B Genoa 25 70 Venice 46 Malta Naples 3B Palermo per oz. 115 Lisbon 49 Oporto Rio Janeiro 32 Bahia 42 Buenos Ayres Dublin, 21 days' sight *'l% Cork l3a BULLION, PBS OZ , d. Portugal Gold, coin... 0 0 0 Foreign Gold. in bars 3 17 6 New Doubloons 0 0 0 New Dollars 0 0 0 Silver, bars, standard 0 0 0 STOCKS, JULY 18. St. Patrick Insur. (per sh.) Royal Irish Ditto Natlooal Ditto Patriotic Ditto Hibernian Bank Provincial Ditto Royal Irish Mine Imperial Mine Mining Co. of I reland...2Yi %Rq Commercial Buildings