The Sun. — London, England, 1861-09-20 00:00:00

LAST WEBS BUT THREE or ALFRED MELLON'S PROMENADE CONCERTS. THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT-GARDEN. THIS EVENING. Vocalists :—Mdlle. FLORENCE LANCIA, Mdme. LAMA BAXTER, Mr. WEISS, and Mr. VEKNON RIGBY (hi s 2d appearance), who will sing " Let me like a soldier fall," "my own, m y guiding star," and "My pretty Jane." Mendels sohn's Scotch symphony—Grand Operatic Selection, "II Troyatore."—New York Quadrille—The Patti Polka—Over ture, "Le Domino Noir "—Songs by Mdlle. Lancia, Mdme. L. Baiter, and Mr. Weiss.—Solos, &C., &c. • Commence every Evening at 8. Promenade, la. Conductor, Mr. ALFRED MELLON'. To-morrow (SATURDAY), a GRAND VOLUNTEER NIGHT- Beethoven's BATTLE Symphony, performed by the ORCTIRSTRA (OF NEARLY 100 PERFORMERS), assisted by Two Volunteer Bands under the direction of Mr. Stanton JOWL TH.EATR R. ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstahe. TrTTS EVENING, the nertormanoes will oommenec with FAINT HEART NEVER WON FAIR L ADY• After which, a new Comedy, en titled THE SOFT SEX. Mr. C. Mathews, M r . B nc k s t one , Mr. Compton, Mr. E.Villiers, Mrs. Charles Mathews, Mrs. Wilkins, Aze- With THE CRITIC: Mr. C. Mathews. To conclude with the Ballet, BACCHUS AND ARIADNE. Commence a 7 ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. Mana,er.---.llr. Edmund Falconer. THIS EVENING, for the benefit of Mr. Walter Lacy, DELICATE GROUND. Followed by WOMAN ; or, Love against the World. Characters by Messrs. Walter Lacy, Addison, Herman Vezin, J. Robins, Mrs. Charles Young', Mrs. Weston, Miss Murray, and Miss Lydia Thomson. And THE FETCHES; or, The Onconvanience of Single Life. Tim O'Reilly, Mr. Edmund Falconer; Mary 0' Brady, Miss Lydia Thompson. Prices a s usual. Doors open at half-pa s t 8, t o commence a t 7 Bce ox-offi open daily from 11 till 5. NEW T HE ATRE - ROYAL, ADELPHI.- Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. This Theatre will RE-OPEN on MONDAY, September 2 1, when Mr. and Mrs. Dion Bondman will re-appear in THE COLLEEN DAWN. This Drama will be played for a limited number of nights during the preparation of the new American Drama, by Mr. D. Itoncicanit, entitled THE OCTOROON; or, LIFE IN LOUISIANA. Bog-office open on Thursday, Sept. 19. C NTERBURY H ALL CONCERTS, AND FINE ARTS GALLERY. Mr. SAM COWELL every Evening at Nine and a quarter to ElPven.—Also, G r and Selections from TROVATORE, TRAVIATA, NORMA, MARTHA, dm, by Miss Russell, Miss Ernst, Mr. Herbert, Signor Tivoli, Mr. Morley, and a powerful Chorus. The Comic department comprises Messrs. Harvey and French, "The Nerves " Mr. Marshall—Mr. Wood and his talented Son -and Miss Harriet Coveney. New Opera by Auber, LA CIRCASSIENNE.—A Grand Selection, arrang:ed and conducted by Mr. Jonghmans, from this Opera will be produced, FOR THE FIRST TIME IN THIS COUNTRY, on MONDAY next. Principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Mr. Herbert, and Signor Tivoli. Musical Director, Mr. Jonghmans. Admission—Hall, 6d. ; Stalls and Balcony, Is. T H E O X F O R D, 6, OXFORD-STREET. EVERY EVENING. A Grand Selection from Verdi's new opera, " Simon Boc- Canegra" (now produced for the first time in this country), by Mis. Russell, Messrs. C. Greville, Tivoli, Greene, Morley, and Herbert ; also from Verdi's " Macbeth" by Madame Enderssohn and the entire Company. Full band and chorus. Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans. Varied Comic entertain ments by Messrs. M. P. Foster, Sam Collins. Harvey and French (the Nerves), E. Marshall, and W. Randall. Hall, sixpence; Balcony and Stalls. one shilling. Private Boxes, 10s. ed. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. This DAY.—Morning, 2h. 37m.—Afternoon, 2h. 50m. To-Moßßow.-Morning, 3h. 7 . Bm.—Afternoon. 3h. 24m. THE WEATHER.—SUN Omar, SEPTEMBER 19, 1861. THEIGNOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 62 —highest since soon yesterday. 47—lowed this morning and during the night. 65—this day at noon. BAROMETER,-30.22. Wnvn South-Westerly moderate; with cloudy weather. Heavy fog yesterday morning. • i t,t - \ , r -744 " Vlph. ~~~. ->_-~ bpoiT THE SETN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 20, 1861. THE SUN. LONDON, FRIDAY, SEPT. 20, 1881. When a man of business meets men of business some result ought to follow, and we have no reason to think that Mr. LAING'S meeting with the com mercial notabilities of Manchester will prove an exception, or disappoint expectation. Much was no doubt effected in the chit-chat of the parlour or the counting-house between the Finance Minister for India and the gentlemen who are so very eager for her cotton. There, in the easy mode of con versational statements of wants, difficulties, objec tions, and facilities, the case on each side became fully and practically understood; and, as the result, we had yesterday what the parties thought best to say to the general public. Not, indeed, that in this case there is much which can be oc cult in the objects to be obtained and the way to attain them. One thing, however, we have little doubt the gentlemen who were admitted behind the scenes heard about from Mr. LAING, of which nothing was said at the meeting—the im mobility, perversity, red-tapeism, jealousy, and pride of those grand obstructions, the gentlemen of the " Covenanted Civil Service," After the Manchester men had pointed out what might easily be done, we can imagine Mr. LAING replying " Yes, it all seems natural and easy, but you must bore a tunnel through that Indian Civil Service, and I expect there will be a good deal of blast ing and slow work before we do get through." However, it may be done and will be done. We have already blasted almost everything of the old old regime away, but the men of the old school who unfortunately could not be swept off at once ; but every year, it may now be hoped, will introduce into India those "interlopers" Al " outsiders," to whom India must owe the commercial status, if she ever attain it, to which her soil, her climate, her water, and her productions entitle her. Utterly immovable was the old service on the subject of any re• duetion of the immense native army—Sir C. TREVELYAN, indeed, sacrificed himself to his de termination to get reduction of expenditure, military expenditure especially, in preference to accepting obnoxious taxes. Mr. LAING will tell us how wisely. The grand hin drance in India was the accumulating deficit; the mutiny past, "and there seemed but one obstacle left before the era of warfare in India should terminate, and the era of peaceful progress begin in earnest. That obstacle was the financial crisis. For years and years a deficit had gone on accumulating, until at last it became a ques tion, almost from month to month, whether the Government could continue to pay its way. This was an obstacle to further improvement, and per haps the main reason why many of those useful reforms which had been urged to-day had been suspended or hindered. When he arrived in India, hardly nine months ago, nothing could well be more gloomy than the financial prospect. In the three preceding years, some 38 millions had been added to the national debt, and an official circular had just been issued admitting a deficit for the current year of over six millions. The very gravity of the danger, perhaps, proved the means of extricating the Government from this position, because through it they were enabled to carry out s ome very large measures of reduction, which were sure to encounter much opposition and difficulty. The French saying, 'Aide toi, le Ciel t'aidera,' was never better exem plified than in thi s case. The moment the 6' orernme n e a pplied th emse l ves to ear nest to the work of r eduction, the tide seem e d to turn, and they had a complete run of luck. The rains fell in the very nick of time, so that the famine which had threatened to be so very over whelming was confined within limits that were not very important financially, though of course it was productive of much individual suffering. The price of opium ran up to an unexpected height, and other sources of revenue turned out more productive than had been anticipated. The result was that in April he was enabled to present a budget, in which the deficit (previously only reduced to about 5 millions by taking into account the proceeds of income tax, and the other new taxes imposed by Mr. Wilson) was met, and an additional expendi ture of £500,000 on roads and communications was provided for, by, in round numbers, about 31 to 4 millions of reduction in expenditure, and a million and a half in almost imperceptible additions to in direct taxation." In India the grand test of the state of the exche quer was the "cash balances." "Now, since the reductions were commenced in earnest at the begin ning of the year, the cash balances in India had inereased by more than £3,000,000. He did not mean that there was an actual surplus of three millions in six months, because temporary and ex ceptional circumstances would account for a good deal of it; but he referred to this as proving with considerable confidence that, on the whole, they could not be far off from a substantial equilibrium." This is very encouraging, because all that can be done in improving communications, the great ne cessity for cotton supply, must be deter mined by the state of the revenue. But the limit of taxation, Mr. LAING says, is nearly reached; the great hope, therefore, still lies in reductions. There was opportunity for this ; for, until recently, there could not have been, one year with another, less than from half a mil lion to a million of armed men in India, or men subsisting by the profession of arms. As things were now arranged there would not be more than 120,000 to 150,000 natives holding arms in their hands, and whose object in living was rapine and slaughter. Although Mr. LAING was not an advocate of peace at any price, and thought the volunteers had a right impulse, he conceived this must necessarily make in the course of a short time a great differ ence in the habits of the rising generation ; and adding to this the great rise in wages and conse quent increasing habit of steady industry, it must tell in diminishing the tendency to manufacture wars. The army of 75,000 Europeans was a solid element of strefigth in the face of which it seemed utterly impossible there should be any serious at commotion, half that number having sufficed to put down a mutiny under every possible disadvantage. Happily Mr. LAING carries with him to India the fundamentally right conception which, in spite of the old Indians, must be the basis of legislation now—that "he entirely agreed in the broad principle that had been laid down, that the improved state of India which we all desired was chiefly dependent on the infusion of European enterprise and capital into that country." For this a Government as free and as local as possible is the first requisite, and Mr. LAING adopts heartily the principles, though not exactly the details of the statesman-like speech of Mr. BRIGHT on Indian Government, with which he enraged the old Indians here. " One thing," Mr. LAING observed, " which lay very much at the root of the whole matter was, whether the Government of India should continue to be conducted in England or be conducted in India ? As surely as we lost the United States of America by attempting to govern them in England, and nearly lost Canada by the same process, and whilst „ we turned Canada, Australia, and the Cape of Good Hope into loyal and prosperous colonies by simply letting the local government be conducted in those colonies instead of attempting to keep them in lead ing-strings from Downing-street, so the like results would follow from like causes in India. He thought the measures recently adopted in giving legislative councils for the different presidencies was a step in the right direction. Although there might be a certain amount of discussion in a country like India, on the whole there was more to be gained by it than would be lost. Therefore the amount of free in stitutions we had in India, with a free press, liberty of discussion, and these local councils as an autho rised expression of public opinion, if we left India a good deal to itself and did not attempt to govern it too much in detail from this country, he saw rea son to hope we should make things right, and that habits of self-government would gradually spring up." Mr. LAING will also return to India to enforce the views of the cotton buyers on the all-important subject of the law of contracts for advances, en which we remarked yesterday ; and on the land question he seems to be English rather than Indian in his views. He will have an immense amount of via inertice to overcome ; and even when he has succeeded at Calcutta his work will be but half done, for India swarms with officials who hate the very class they ought to aid; still Mr. LAING, with Manchester and her Parliamentary orators at his back, and Manchester, in this case, cordially backed also by the intelligence of all England—Mr. LAING will speak with authority ; and we trust that the ob structors will learn that they must obey the voice of their mother country, or that she will speedily send them notice to quit. Few of our readers will fail to peruse the entire columns which record the encounter of the largest ship ever built with a storm which, if not unsur passed in power and fury, had not been equalled in the experience of the nautical men on board. It must have been one of those circular hurricanes, of no great superficial extent, which often in the tropics, and occasionally even in England and Ire land recently, have done such almost miraculous local damage. Other ships not far off at the same time felt merely a strong gale, when the Great Eastern was hurled about like a cockboat by the might of the tempest. After so tong a chapter of accidents, almost from the time when she refused to be launched, to the day when her conveyance of a littte army to Canada seemed to have condoned all past " ill luck," and to have opened out at length splendid hopes for the future, the fates seemed to have been more or less I adverse to the Great Eastern. With the last voyage to America and back she appeared, however, to have satisfied all hopes respecting her, except that her speed had been somewhat overrated. Though consuming far less coal than any steamer afloat, in proportion to tonnage and speed, she did not sur pass all others by quite so much as was expected. It was settled, however, by her last voyage that no vessel could excel her in point of comfort for non-nautical voyagers. Her motion was so little and so easy, and her space so ample, that she was named by all the floating hotel, and was worthy of the name. She came home with a reputation which induced 400 passengers to commit themselves to her care on Tuesday week. And they were justified in their confidence, and we venture to believe will, if right measures be taken, be soon more justified than ever. For what has thi s hu rr i can e prov e d ? Th a t th e largest s hi p is also the strongest ship afloat. To read the story of h er s t ru g g le with the irresistible Atlantic tempest, to see her lamed in the most im portant member, for continuing the unequal match with the might y waves—reminding us of the athlete refusing t o give in when his right hand was crippled by his giant opponent—to see her then completely at the mercy of a power which rolled and dashed her about at its pleasure for about two days—heaving, rolling, plunging, rising again, shaking and vibrating from stem to stern, and after all to return to a British harbour, with sad marks indeed of the struggle, but " without a rivet started anywhere, or the butt of a plate shaken"—and we must surely believe that the Great Eastern is not only the largest but the strongest vessel afloat. That it seems, in the language of a passenger, " as if the great idea were realised in the construction of a ship not to be broken up by the winds or waves." Marvellous, too, is the strength of the engines. Even when the huge paddle-wheels, with a circum ference equal to that of ASTLEY'S Amphi theatre, proved too weak to resist the waves, in which, notwithstanding their height, they were sometimes immersed, when they were bent till they grated on the side of the vessel, then successively wrenched and torn from their axles, still the en gines went on quietly doing their duty. The strength requisite for those vast circumferences in a gale had not been rightly calculated, but paddle and screw engines stood all the shocks thrown upon them, and to the latter the passengers owed their safe return to Queenstown—those who knew their full danger only too happy to forget the mor tification of delay in thankfulness for safety. It was not till Saturday evening that the storm began to abate, and it was just before sunset on Thursday that the rudder-head was broken—that 10 inches of iron were broken " like a lucifer match." All steering was at an end, but with admirable prudence the Captain kept the men at the wheel, and thus also kept from the passengers the knowledge of their real danger, and saved them from fears worse than their actual sufferings. Bad enough must it have been for all landsmen to behold the terrors which were obvious enough, and to suffer the tossings, contusions, and, in some cases, dangerous surgical injuries which no care could avert. Long they looked out, but looked in vain for a friendly sail, and not as till the worst had begun to subside, did the huge Great Eastern feel it a comfort to have the little brig—the Magnet, of Halifax, lying to, to take care of her should she be needed. Happily, though the passengers had the pleasure of offering her the only recompense in their power, their " unanimous and heartfelt thanks," the services of the Magnet were not needed. An American Civil Engineer was on board —Mr. HAMILTON TOWLE American genius, amongst the most fertile in the world in exigen cies, saw what could be done, communicated it to the captain, who, again, with the wisdom of a commander; " places the engineer's depart ment at his disposal "—well knowing that confi dence and responsibility will make the most of any man. And one of the letter-writers, and one not given to overmuch praise, tells us that it " succeeded perfectly"—was " simple," " scien tific," " ingenious," and " strong." And, what with a ship of unrivalled strength, a first-rate captain, and an engineer evidently not his infe rior, the rudder which had just been useless, which, flapping against the screw, had even been dangerous to their last moving power, now became a tractable servant, aided the operations of the mighty uninjured screw, and all were borne in safety to the land which at one time they had scarcely hoped to visit again. The story of such a tempest, encountered by such a ship, deprived by it of all its powers of guidance, will probably not soon have to be written again. The inquiry —who is to blame—will no doubt be vigorously pressed. Not certainly the builder of the ship—or of the engines. For the weakness of the paddle wheels, and of the rudder head some will think there may be censure due—but even there we pause ; not being engineers we are -very much impressed by ten inches of solid iron ; Sir WILLIAM ARMSTRONG would, we arc sure, have nothing to do with it. But all the rest, we fear, there is little to say for. The passengers and the correspondents have told a tale of what the directors are responsible for, in regard to all internal arrangements and conveni. ences, which demand the immediate attention of the latter. We do not like censuring before both sides have been heard, but if half what is told us be true, the passenger arrangements must be placed in hands which will inspire confi dence before four hundred persons will again rely on reasonable comfort for ten days aboard the Great Eastern. Since the above was written we are sorry to learn that at 4.30, owing to the force of the wind, the Great Eastern had not been able with her temporary apparatus to steer into the harbour. ARRIVAL OF TIIE WARRIOR AT SPITHEAD. PORTSMOUTH, FRIDAY MORNING. The Warrior arrived at Spithead at 8 o'clock this morning. THE GREAT EASTERN STILL IN DANGER. QUEENSTOWN, THURSDAY. The Cork Examiner says :—" The Great Eastern's temporary steering gear was found yes terday to be quite inadequate to counteract the in fluence of the wind upon her huge side, and all at tempts to get her into the harbour were quite in effectual. " The four tugs in attendance upon her wero ut terly powerless. At last she had to give up and come to an anchor last night, about five miles south of the harbour's mouth, in order to have sea-room in case of her anchors dragging. " To-day the weather was too bad to admit of any attempt being made." THURSDAY, 4 30 P.M. The wind is blowing a gale from the south. The Great Eastern is in the offing, but out of sight. The Edinburgh screw steamer has gone in search of her. A. great portion of the passengers on board could not be got off, owing to the defection of her rudder. FOUNDERING OF ANOTHER HULL STEAMER, WTTH Loss OF SEVERAL LTVES.—We regret to announce the total loss of another Hull steamer engaged in the Baltic trade, making, we believe, the tenth or twelfth within the last twelvemonths. The following was posted yesterday at Lloyd's :—" Lowestoft, Sept. 18. The schooner Bella, Captain Waters, belonging to this port, from Harborg for Newcastle, in ballast, put into the harbour, with loss of main boom sails and other damage, having encountered very bad weather. The captain reports having passed on the 16th (Monday last), at about 11 o'clock in the forenoon, a large screw steamer on her beam ends, with signals of distress flying. Owing to the sea being so heavy, we could not render her the least assistance. She had round stern, funnel black at top and bottom, and red in the middle, and her bottom was painted flesh colour. She had a long cabin on her deck, and was rigged with two masts, topsail, and foreyard. A brig was observed to leeward of her, and the steamer was apparently bearing towards her." Some time after the above notice was posted, another was exhibited : " Hull, Sept. 18.—Captain S. Anderson, of the Swedish schooner Matilda, which arrived today from Gefle, reports that when on the Dogger Bank on Monday last, the 16th, he saw a large two-masted screw steamer go down, and ho thinks part of the crew was saved by another brig, which was then near the steamer." Later in the day a third no tice was posted—a telegram from Lloyd's agent at Deal, dated 1 p.m. " The Colonist, screw steamer, Capt. Baker, from Konigsberg for Hull, with a cargo of grain, was totally lost on the Dogger Bank on the 16th. Seven of the crew and six passengers are supposed to be drowned. The remainder, 12 in number, were picked up by the brig Harmony, of Wiomar, for Bristol, which landed them here to day." The Colonist, in Lloyd's register, is de scribed as a first-class built steamer, with four tight bulk heads. Tonnage, 500 tons. She was only built last year. "It appears it is Marshal de MacMahon, the hero of Magenta," says a P ar i s l e tt er i n th e &tut Public of Lyons, "who is to represent France at the coronation of williani I. of Prussia. This choice is said to havo been wade at the request of the King himself." LONDON RIFLE BRIGADE.--This corps will pro ceed to Aldershott on Saturday next, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Vera Close (late of Her Majesty's 99th Light Infantry), and, by permission of the Secretary of State for War, with the concurrence of the Commander in -Chief, take part in a field-day with the regulars. The brigade will return to town after the evolutions. THE GREAT EASTERN.—" A shareholder in a letter to a contemporary suggests that the replacement of the paddle-wheels be deferred until the financial affairs of the company are in a more flourishing condition. This will enable the screw to be tried on its own merits, more especially against a head-wind, the paddle-boxes, ix such a case, being a considerable obstruction." THE FIRE AT BETHNAL•GREEN.—LOSS OF THREE MORE LITES.—Mr. William Roworth and Miss Sarah Roworth, as well as Mr. Deacon, have died in the London Hospital. FIRES IN SUFFOLK.—Within the past month something like a score of fires have occurred in different parts of Suffolk, involving the destruction of much valuable property. In two or three instances the hand of the vile incendiary has been at work, but the great majority of the fires were the result of children of tender years playing with lucifer matches. In most instances the neglect of the parents was most culpable. SUDDEN DEATH OF A BRlDE.—Yesterday Mr. Payne held an inquest on the body of Rosanna Stewart, a fine young woman, who had died suddenly whilst on her way to St. Luke's Church, Old-street, to be married. Susannah Parker, aunt of the deceased, residing in Bell court, Walbrook, stated that her niece left the house at 10 minutes past Bin the morning. Witness, having something trifling to do, told her that she would immediately follow. A minute or two after she did so, and at the corner of Walbrook she saw the deceased lying on the ground, and several people attending to her. She was then alive, but could not speak : for a moment she regained consciousness and knew witness, but in a few minutes after she expired. William Stewart, of Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire, said the deceased was his daughter, and had been in ser- vice in London. In her letters to him she had sometimes complained of being poorly. The jury returned a verdict of " Natural causes." SHOCKING ACCIDENT TO A THEATRICAL MANAGER AT HULL.—On Wednesday afternoon last a very serious accident, which is likely to prove fatal, hap pened to Mr. J. H. Wolfenden, one of the managers of the Royal Queen's theatre, Hull. It appears that Mr. Wolfen- den had purchased a chesnut mare a day or two ago, and on Wednesday determined upon going into the country for the purpose of having its capabilities tried. Mr. W. F. Wallett (the celebrated clown and Queen's jester) rode the horse out of Hull on to the Cottingham•road, followed by Mr. Wolfenden, Mr. Walker, landlord of the King William Hotel, and another gentleman in a dog-cart. When a mile or two from Hull, Mr. WaHatt got off the horse, and Mr. Wolfenden mounted. The animal immediately took fright and galloped off, and ultimately Mr. Wolfenden was thrown violently on the road, and received a fracture of the base of the skull. He was removed to the Hull Infirmary, where he at present lies without the slightest hope of recovery. STRANGE CASE.—Yesterday Mr. Payne held an inquest at Guy's Hospital, on the body of Francis Beckett. About 10 o'clock on Thursday night he was found close to a cab-stand near the Bricklayers' Arms Station, lying across the road, and weltering in his blood. The cabmen had not heard any cries, although they were close upon the spot. His left collar bone, his left arm, and three of his ribs on the left side were found to be broken. He appeared as if he had been drinking. He recovered his conscious ness, but, on being questioned, declared that he did not know how the accident happened. He never rallied, and died on Sunday afterncon about two o'clock. An envelope was found in his left-side pocket, stained with blood, and directed, "Francis Beckett, Grove-lane, Shepherd's-bush," but he was not known there. The jury returned a verdict "That the deceased died of the injuries received, but how occasioned there was no evidence to show." SUICIDE THROUGH GRlEF.—Yesterday morning, about eight o'clock, a suicide was committed by Mr. Thomas Blackburn, at his residence, No. 50, Judd -place, Euston road, under circumstances of a melancholy character. The deceased, who was over 60 years of age, had for many years carried on an extensive business as a pawnbroker and silver smith in Skinner-street, Somer's-town. About two months since he lost his eldest son by a pulmonary complaint, which so deeply affected him that he immediately retired from business. Since then nothing had appeared to reconcile:him to what he deemed anirreparable loss. He would frequently sit and cry for hours together, and become so low and de jected that no endeavours on the part of his wife could rouse him. Yesterday morning Mrs. Blackburn rose and left her husband asleep in his bed, and on returning in about ten minutes she was horror-striken at finding him hanging by his neckcloth from the bedpost. He was quite dead. MURDER AND ATTEMPTED SUICIDE AT GOOLE, —Yesterday morning, a woman, whose name has not reached us, administered poison to her two children—one 18 months old, and the other six years—and then tried to take away her own life by the same means. It appears that between two and three o'clock in the morning she awoke the children and gave to each a quantity of opium, and then took a dose herself. From the effects of the poison the youngest child died in the course of the forenoon. To keep the other child awake he had to be walked about in the open air, and at four o'clock in the afternoon, the time at which our report left Goole, he seemed completely ex hausted. The woman did not appear to be much worse. She is the wife of a policeman at Newcastle, and is said to be a policeman of weak mind. A week or two ago she came to Goole on a visit to some friends, for the benefit of her health and for change of scene, as she appeared to be in a low state. We understand that within the last few days she was seen by some of the neighbours beat the head of one of her children against the wall most unmercifully, as if she would murder it.—Eastern Counties Herald. DISCOVERY OF A STALACTITE CAVERN.—On Monday a man, whilst engaged in blasting a rock by the side of the road leading from Wells to Milton Lodge, sud denly came on a hole, and on looking into it a place having the appearance of a cave was discovered. A descent was made, when a cavern of about thirty or forty feet in cir cumference was found, which e mtains some beautiful stalac tites, one of which has already received the cognomen of Glastonbury Tor, the mound of which it resembles, though the "tor" is wanting. Another stalactite, of about ten inches in circumference, extends from the roof to the bottom of tho cave. Further explorations are to be made, as there are indications which lead to the belief that it will turn out to be a very large chamber.— Western Counties Herald. How TO TRAP A RUNAWAY DEBTOR.---Strange stratagems are often resorted to by creditors in pursuit of runaway debtors. At a meeting in Leeds of a society for the proteca .n of trade one of the speakers related an instance in point. A poor fellow arrived in Liver pool from the West Riding, in pursuit of a fugitive who had carried away £3OO of his money. He applied to an at torney, to the magistrates, and to the chief of the police in vain. Turning sorrowfully away, a police officer offered him a bit of advice. "Go you to the ship's side to-mor row at 10 o'clock—the vessel sails at 12—and ask your debtor ashore, civilly. Will he come, do you think ?" " Oh, yes, he'll come, for he says I cannot touch him." " Well, that's all right. Ask him to come to you on the quay. As soon as he comes knock him down. I'll be close at hand and take you both into custody for a breach of the peace. You will get to the police-office just as the magistrates are gone. The next day is Sunday, and he'll have to stop till Monday. You'll have time, then, to force him to give up your money." The man took the police man's advice, knocked the runaway rogue down, both were taken to the station-house, and the fellow in the end was glad to disgorge the £3oo.—Newport gazette. THE UNITED STATES RECRUITING IN FRANCE. —The Journal du Havre says :—" Several superior and subaltern officers belonging to the French army have lately had and are still having, propositions made to them to take service in the Federal army of the United States of America. Some of them have had an offer of as much as 6,000 f in demnity for the expense of removal, and a pay of 20,000 f. per annum guaranteed for several years. At first the French Government appeared inclined not to refuse its consent, but on Saturday last, on a formal order from the Emperor, the Minister of War declared that he would not grant any authorisation. This refusal has been already com mented on by certain correspondents of foreign journals as a proof of warlike intentions being entertained 'by France. Those remarks are formally contradicted in well-informed circles. It appears more probable that the Emperor's Go vernment has only wished by its refusal to avoid any inter pretation of interfering, even indirectly, in the pending con flict on the other side of the Atlantic." ABORTION IN CALIFORNIA.—The Legislature of California has decreed that the woman upon whom abortion is practised shall be held as guilty as the operator. The design of this law is thus explained by the San Francisco Medical Press :—" The design was to prevent wicked feras'e adventurers from attempting to blackmail medical men by applying to them, even when not pregnant at all, for the ostensible purpose of having an abortion produced, but who, when the doctor would, in order to get rid of them, prescribe some inert substance, would have a prosecution commenced against him for producing a criminal abortion, and cause much trouble, unless he would buy them off in the beginning. Or, what is still worse and entirely un avoidable on the practitioner's part, they could swear him guilty of producing criminal abortion, when he had not even been applied to at all in the matter. This occurred once in this city, and although the perjury soon became apparent in the case, still the idea of a respectable medical man being arraigned as a criminal is not very palatable, even though it ultimately becomes plain to everybody that his prosecution is based upon perjury alone. As the law now is, the practitioner has only to perform his duty con scientiously to be free from this species of annoyance, while these wicked adventurers, under the assumed connexion of dear husband and wife, will have to conduct themselves cautiously, or otherwise find a quick way to the State's Prison."—llfedical Times and Gazette. THE ST. LEGER.—The smallest number of sub scribers to this most celebrated race was in the year 1785, when there were 5 subs, one of whom paid forfeit. In that year the race was won by Mr. Hill's Cowslip. To the race won yesterday th ere were 178 su b s, and for t h at of the en suing rear there are 181. Tr 7 C- Pl 1 lc 11-4 AMERICA. NEW YORK, SEPT. 6, EVENING. (PER GLASGOW, via QUEENSTOWN.) The applications from the people to subscribe to the Federal Loan continue numerous. Further seizures of Southern property have taken place on an extensive scale in the Northern States. The New York Democratic State Convention has passed resolutions recommending the vigorous pro secution of the war. Despatches from Maryland estimate the aggre gate Confederate force opposite Washington at 125,000 men. The same despatches state that they are wel provisioned, and that an immediate attack is in. tended. The ship Gondar, from Liverpool, has arrived at Beaufort. The commercial news has been anticipated via Father Point. TURIN, SEPT. 19. Notwithstanding all previons denials, the Turin papers of to-day again positively assert that Gari baldi will go to America. TURIN, SEPT. 20. The news repeatedly published by the Turin papers of the approaching departure of Garibaldi for America has again to-day been positively denied. ROME, SEPT. 19. The marriage of the Prince of Tuscany with one of the sisters of Francis 11. took place today. The Pope pronounced the nuptial benediction in the Vatican, and afterwards addressed an eloquent discourse to the bride and bridegroom. Francis 11., the ex-Queen of Naples, and the whole royal family were present at the ceremony. TRIESTE, SEPT. 20. Six persons, who had been nominated members of the Istrian Diet, have declined to be elected. live Turkish war steamers, with troops, are on the way to Albania. NAPLES, SEPT. 19. General de Montebello will first proceed to Rome, and will afterwards repair to Florence, in order to have an interview of the King of Italy. CRACOW, SEPT. 19, On Tuesday last the Polish mob continued to commit acts of violence against the German resi dents in Warsaw. Several shops were demolished. The situation of the Germans is full of danger. No measures for their protection are taken by the authorities. THE BOMBAY MAIL. FRIDAY MORNING, SEPT. 20. The Vectis, with the above mail, left Malta at 10 p.m. on the 17th, and may therefore be hourly expected at Marseilles. The Euxine, with the heavy portion of the mail, was expected at Malta on the 18th, and may be looked for at Southampton about the 27th. The Jeddo brought the mail to Suez, arriving there on the 13th. THE OUTWARD MAILS. The China, with the London mail of the 27th July-3d August, reached Bombay on the 25th August (one day early). Tho Malta, with London dates to the 3d of August, left Ceylon for Calcutta on the evening of the 26th. The Northam sailed at the same time for Australia. Muscovites came, they trod down the people with their horses, and murdered them to death. General—Yes ;it was by my directions that they were beaten, and well beaten too. But never mind. You are now free. Go away. Then turning to his aide-de-camp, he said, " Now you have heard how I explained to the man his position. If every one took the trouble to do as much, the peasants would soon understand what is freedom, and order would be established." On reaching Slonim General Nazimow pursued his eloquent addresses, and, pointing to the star on his uniform, said that it was given him by the Emperor for releasing the peasants from the yoke of their masters. Then turning to the assembled proprietors, he said, " I know perfectly well that it is your wives who sing and are the promoters of those songs ; but you should, in the interests of public order, turn them out of doors, and the public will take care of them." One of the proprietors, Mr. 8., having complained to General Nazimow that, in spite of the regula tions, peasants on his estate refuse to work, the General sent for them and said, "No one, even myself, has any right to punish you, but you must perform your duties ;" to which one of them replied, " How can we perform the corree when we were publicly informed in the market-place of Slonim that we are free, and have nothing to do for our masters ?" To this remark the General, putting his oratorical powers on one side, raised the cane he held in his right hand, and began to operate upon the poor peasant till he broke it, and blood began to flow. Calling then to the burgomaster of the place, he ordered fifty lashes to be administered to the poor peasant, which order was carried into effect on the very spot. In taking his departure the General told the officials, " Do not fail to explain to the peasants how much they are indebted to the Emperor, and that they should always be ready to obey his orders whatever they may be, You understand that ?" To those who know General Nazimow these last words are awful ; they signify blood, and their utterance can easily be guessed and foreseen. On the 7th June, the anniversary of the taking of Warsaw by the Russians, a solemn funeral ser vice to commemorate this sad event was celebrated in all the churches of the kingdom. More than 100,000 peasants attended the service in Warsaw, and the most excellent order prevailed throughout. The troops were not to be seen, and all passed in a most satisfactory manner. The attitude of the people is that of dignified calm, and perseverance in their loyal efforts. FRANCE. BOURSE, Sept. 19.—The market has been firm, and a fair amount of business transacted, but with out any further improvement in prices. Threes, for the Account, are now at 69f. 25c. Railways quiet, bnt firm. The following are the last quotations : 4t per per Cents ... 96 50 Credit Foncier 1250 Do end month.... 96 60 ; Belgian:4f lOl 3 per Cents Do. end month 69 25 Roman . 72 75 Bank Shares 2930 Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 767 50 Spanish Threes 4Ba Do. Account 768 75 Home Debt RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1422 50 .. 1425 Northern .... New ditto 915 .. 915 Lyons and Mediterranean 1027 50 .. 1030 Geneva 358 75 .. 360 Southern .. 660 661 25 Western Eastern Sardinian Austrian Lombard . .. 542 50 543 75 POLAND. WARSAW, 11th SEPT., 1861. A few details respecting the tour lately made by General Nazimow, Governor of Wilno, with a view to harangue the peasants and to incite them against their masters, have reached me from a most credible source, and give another evidence of the systematic policy of Russia towards the Poles. In July last General Nazimow having leftWilno, proceeded by Slonim to Bozese Litewski, and, after visiting numerous localities returned by Wysokie, Bialystok, and Grodno. Wherever he passed crowds of people were waiting for him, headed by the local authorities and marshals of the nobility, who were specially summoned to appear on this occasion. On arriving at the first station, Sedlina, the worthy representative of the Czar thus ad dressed the peasants :—" You know that you are frae men, and that no one has right to punish you. You have no more masters ; their authority over you is at an end. Never forget the injuries they have done you. Now it is different. You are free, and it is I who obtained the freedom for you from the Emperor. Pray then to God for the Emperor; and think what has been effected for you within these few years. Whoever has heard, for instance, that no recruits should have been furnished from among you for five years, and was it so formerly ? It was your masters. Yes ; your masters, who always endeavoured to flatter yod. for their own purposes. (Here the General squeped his fist with great rage.) The Government has for a long time displayed towards you its paternal care ; but your masters, your masters, however, their tyranny is over. They possess no more power; therefore, they are enraged. They sing, they pray God that the corvee might be restored, and that they may again oppress you. Fools that you are to sing with them. Do you know what they sing ?" In a village belonging to Mr. Otton Pilecki, one of the peasants observed to the General :—" Though your Excellency says that we were oppressed by our landlords, yet you should not forget that they are our brothers and best friends, and helped us whenever we wanted anything." The General called him a fool and bid him be silent. In another place the following conversation took place between the General and a peasant born in the village Horodenki General—Are you aware that you are now free and that you cannot be punished ? Peasant—What a fin• freedom it is, when the Comzeics beat us and compel us to do what they General—But it is forbidden to beat. I gave orders to that effect? Peasant—What's of that ; but in Twin (estates belonging to the fatally of Potoekil HAMB URA. The Independance Beige state that Baron von Gagren, who served as Lieutenant-Colonel in the Schleswig-Holstein war, has been arrested at Ham burg on a charge of embezzlement of money and forging endorsements to bills of exchange. The names used were those of persons of high rank; among others, the Prince of Solnas and the Duc d'Arenberg. Von Gagren was in the receipt of a pension from the Prussian Government. ITALY. The following is the speech addressed by Marquis Ridolfi to the King of Italy, at the opening of the National Exhibition at Florence : " Sire,—ltaly, whom you have delivered from her old slavery, and summoned to take her place among the most civilised nations, now, with the same alacrity as she answered your call, and rallied round your glorious banner on the field of honour, comes at your request and lays before your eyes the produce of her Agriculture, Manu factures, and Arts, uniting to the gifts of nature the invention of the human intellect, the works of the hand guided by the mind, the inspirations of genius which imprints on marble canvass, and bronze, the inexplicable image of beauty. These exhibitions are very ancient institutions in Florence, but they were only solemn municipal festivals. The present spectacle which this faith ful city offers you to-day is new, since it has been enabled to collect on the banks of the Arno the works of industry, science, and art sent from every corner of the Peninsula ; a splendid testimony, shewing that now, from the summits of the Alps to the extreme point of Sicily, there is a penplo united in a single family, throwing into one common fund, each special power or quality as well as its senti ments of love. And, though the great work is not yet accomplished, you will here, Sire, see the solemn pledge renewed, because here all Italy has shown its will to be represented by the works of the hand and those of the mind, in order to testify that she was born to be, and is resolved to be, a single nation. Yes, a single nation, which, led by wisdom and strengthened by valour, will soon rise to that gran deur which will ensure for her the admiration and love of the world. Cast a glance around you, Sire, and rejoice in the consideration that if Italy, scarcely revived, has been able to do so much, she will be able to do much more when her commerce shall have felt all the effects of free trade, and the heart of her industry shall beat freely under the sway of liberty. Permit me, Sire, to thank you in the name of the artists, manufacturers, and agri culturists of Italy assembled around you, for the honour you have done them by opening in person this national festival, and kindly receive the unani mous cry which salutes you, " Long Live the King of Italy !" His Majesty replied as follows : "I thank you, Mr. President and gentlemen of the commission, for the sentiments you have ex pressed. I perceive with joy that the wars bravely fought for the nation, and the measures wisely devised to constitute it, have not diminished in the Italians the love of science and art, of which they here display the splendid fruit They have at all times been among the most precious gifts of this dear country ; they will count in future among the most precious jewels of my crown. Their fortune will rise with that of Italy ; efficacious instruments of the glory and prosperity of the nation, they deserve and shall enjoy all the attention both of myself and my Government. I meanwhile con gratulate you, Mr. President and your colleagues, for the success of your e fforts in organising this first Italian Industrial Exhibition, and I am happy that Florence, which has shown so much patrioti sm , an d so efficaciously aided the national cause, has been chosen to inaugurate these solemnities, which will powerfully contribute to increase the greatness of the nation." SPAIN. The Espatza of Madrid of the 15th says The squadron destined to demand satisfaction from Mexico is to be composed of six magnificent screw frigates, two steamers, each of 500 horse-power, and a nu mber of transports and smaller vessels. As to the effective of the troops which will be sent out, it is not prudent to name it f or th e present. " The King ot had arrived at Barcelona. General Atmeller had resigned the Captaincy- General of th e B a l ear i c Isles. The Correspondancia says :—" We affirm, for the second time, that it is completely false that any sort of commercial treaty is now being nego tiated with France." A decision of Marshal O'Don nell, Minister of War and th e C o l on i es, pu bli s h e d by ythe Madrid Gazette, and addressed to the Captain-General of Porto Ri co , declares, in princi ple, that a slave who has touched the soil of Spain must be considered as emancipated, even the consent of his former master. The Mars hal's letter is thus worded : w ithout "I have laid before the Queen the letter which your Excellency's predecessor addresse d to the Mi nistry of War and the Colonies, dated the 27th Oct., 1858, accompanying it, by way of proof, with the documents of the examination relative to the slave Rnfino, who sold himself at the Havana after having resided for several years in the Peninsula, on which he solicited an explicit declaration relative to the Royal order of 29th March, 1835, regulating condi• tions to which sla ves from the Antill es are sub jected coming into into Spain. In conf urt i ty with the Council of Stat e, and in virtue decisionon f t of the above mentioned decree , Majesty has beep gradously pleased to ,L -' eclare that slaves coning from that islft _,.nd and from Cuba into Spain with their .rasters must consider themselves emancipated, without the consent of their owners being indispen. sable; that the freedom granted to the said slaves, in virtue of the decision of the 29th March, 1836, is not revocable, and that their acquire, by their arri val in the mother country, without any act being being necessary to confirm it, the quality of free men, even should they return to a country where slavery is authorised by the laws. " O'DoNNELL." THE EAST INDIA, CHINA, AND AUSTRALIAN MAILS. The screw steamer Pera (of the Peninsular and Oriental Company's fleet), Captain T. Jamieson, bringing the heavy portion of these mails, arrived at Southampton at noon yesterday. She left Alex andria on the 6th inst., Malta the 10th, and Gibral tar the 14th. Between Alexandria and Malta the Pera experienced strong north-westerly breezes; thence to Gibraltar light breezes and smooth water ; to Cape St. Vincent fine westerly breeze and smooth water ; to Cape Finisterre strong north-east winds, with a heavy cross sea; across the Bay and up the Channel fine weather, with strong breezes from the north-east. The Pera brought 56 passengers—viz., 20 first class, 24 second, 7 children, and 5 deck. On freighe she had £84,993 in specie, four boxes valuables, 1,187 bales silk, 1,155 bags beans, 71 brls. empty bottles, and 135 packages sundries. A steward in the Peninsular and Oriental Company's service, named W. Batsford, died very suddenly on the 16th inst., on board the Pera, of abscess of the liver. During the passage home the Pera spoke the following vessels :—Sept. 11, the British bark Stella,. steering to the southward and westward; 13th, at noon, the British brig Dumfries, standing to the eastward ; 14th, the British barque Christopher. Columbus, steering to the north-east ; 15th, the Bri tish steamer Hope,steering to the northward. Her Majesty's ships Melpomene, London, and Mohawk were at Malta on the 10th ; and the. Tr ident, Greyhound, Cuckoo, and Cockatrice, at Gib raltar on the 13th. The Wanderer left Gibraltar Oa the 10th, to join the Mediterranean fleet. The Gibraltar Chronicle of the 9th says:— Accounts from Mazagan state that the price of maize was rising every day, the last sales being made at 120 ounces per sah. Dr. Emilio Diaz, who for some time past was resident physician at Moga done, had arrived at Mazagan with the intention of establishing himself there. The Spanish war steamer Colon, 6 guns, Captain Cantero, sailed from Cadiz on the 6th; and. the Circe, 2 guns, Lieut. M. Carballe, on the 10th. The steam transport Patino, 2 guns, Lieut. Jose A. Rieno, from Algeciras, arrived on the 10th. " Captain Gisard, late of the screw propellor Dahome, was lost overboard about forty days since while in the act of hooking a large tunnyfish. It appears that, the deceased having imprudently fastened the line round his waist, the fish, which was a powerful one, dragged him into the sea, and he was not seen afterwards." SCINDE. (From the Bengal Burkaru.) It is too late in the day to discuss the policy of annexation. India is rounded off to a point. There is no valuable territory left to annex. We are virtuous on compulsion, and need not now pray to be kept from temptation. Such being the case, it is delightful to think that the sins we have com mitted are turning out so profitable. The most rabid assailant of the great Pro-Consul's policy cannot deny that the Punjaub and its " Dalhousie men" were India's stay and safety in its sore hour of need, and that the annexation of Pegu is an unmixed good to its people. This is now generally admitted by all candid minds as respects these pro vinces. But the same cannot be said of Young Egypt, which Scinde has been termed, apparently on the Monmouth and Macedon principle. The an nexation of that province was inaugurated amid a n p i e o r u f e s c hurricane controversy, of w hi ch ha has misrepresentation been continuedand a c downrimo to our own time, by the trenchant pens of the Napiers. For a long time Scinde was the Ish maelite of the Empire. It was spoken well of by none —every man's voice was against it. Yet, the great schemo of administrative reform, conceived and inaugurated by the victor onleannee, and car ried on by a fortunate series of able successors, has silently but surely been producing its natural results. What a marvellous change has come over the country in the space of one short decade ! That stream against which the intrepid Burnes tracked his weary course of exploration in a wretched boat, is now traversed by commodious steamers having in tow Argosies, laden with the products of English looms, to be exchanged for the oleagenous seeds of Hyderabad, and the wools of Khelat ; and at the Ghauts, whereof, erst the ruthless Belooch robber lay in wait for the way worn traveller, mild chuprassees, resplendent in shining badge, meet our gaze. To say that life and property is safe simply implies that English law and justice prevails where, under native rule, rapine and murder were normal institutions. That agriculture is gradually but steadily extending-- that the Ameers' hunting -grounds, the creation of which deprived thousands df their homes, are being reclaimed by industry, secure of its conquests ; that various new articles of production, as well as of improved kinds of sheep, are being introduced ; that commerce with central Asia is being encou raged and extended, and that the steam horse snorts on his daily way to Kotiee, is entirely owing to that act of annexation which was so strongly con demned at the time. The port of Kurrachee where these results are presented in a condensed/form, is now second to Bombay alone, in Western India, in the extent of its commerce; and where ten years ago not a habitable dwelling existed, a busy town with all the appliances of modern civilisation is rapidly springing up. These reflections have sug gested themselves to us from a perusal of ffie first Annual Report of th e Kurrachee Chamber of Com merce, a copy of which we have been favoured with. This document discusses with considerable ability various questions relating to the trade of the port. Having first entered into correspondence with the Chambers of Calcutta, Madras and Bombay, the committee, with a prophetic eye to the future, me morialises for direct postal communication with England, on the ground " Of the advantage likely to accrue therefrom, not only to Scinde and the Punjaub, but to the whole of India." THE ITALIAN Lo42v. The annexed memorandum has been received setting forth the precise conditions of the Italian Loan of £20,000,000 lately concluded, and which is now quoted on the London Stock Exchange tg The Five per Cent. Italian Loan, interest from July, 1861, has been taken at the rate of 70.50 per cent. :—. 7.05 per cent., or 1 -10th has been paid in cash. 7,05 7, 1-10th has been paid in cash Sep- , tember 15, 1861, 2-10ths is payable in cash Novem ber, 15, 186 1. 2-10ths is payable in cash humeri 15, 186 2. 14.10 ?, 2-10ths is payable in cash March 15, 1862 . 14.10 2-Olt 15, is payable in cash May 15, 1862. 14.10 14.10 If 7.50 lO 10ths ,4 The holder s of vouchers have the tight from the pre sent moment to discount the last four payments at the rate of 5 per cent. "The coupons of this loan are payable in London and paris. "The amount of the loan is 220,000,000, the subscrip tions have amounted to 80,000,000 (2 milliards H million francs.) " T he future p ayments are received at Turin, and by Messrs, Rothschild, Freres, of Paris. " At the price of 72, the present price at Paris, Less 1 discount. 71, or about 7 per cent. interest. " The law passed. previously to the emission of the loan, for consolidating. the debts of Italy, makes it obligatory, within the sjace of one year, to convert the Five per Cent. Pi edruor.tese Loan into 5 per Cent. Italian. The above loan theref , Jre, by reason o f th e ease of its payments, and the sraPll amount of money required, offers a positive advan tage over the Piedmontese funds." The Swiftsure, with £205,000 in gold, has now I been at sea 80 days from Melbourne; the James Wilson, with £76,000, 72 days ; and the Lincolnshire, with £207,000, 60 dap. The total is 408)000. joiner A of En Ac £46,1 Black Cot Cotto Was v Thi past N remai Son, been can s( taken at 71 and Stock gener Th( appea ace= ceedit is no claim] establ and fi the cc excite parati comet, Du] anim a Colon conch and f crease contin been I Lion I tinued slight 475.; per em Inte inform cable, has be and M comma; and A: The have been n an ear: which mainta and 92 flat at India f. remain Paper steatv Ir.:t import Mexief and an 83i i ; have 51 flat at ! 49 50 In tl tinned the ET depresi and Li LancaE Worth vions The limited have is East II previoi Join flat w Austra 29t, ai T'per C 3 per C New 3 India S Ditta Ditto Ditto Ditto DIM Coßsol Excheq D Ditto Brazilil Ditto Buenos Ditto Mexica Ditto New ci Ditto Russia] Spanial Ditto Turkis] Dittc T)itto Dittc iLltstria Italian, Con SAI: New " steame took of gers. expect passen Great Tsr VON p to pla3 phecie charge the ve assert( xace, t feeling gladly treat t tion, a OPPOSE ernigr his lat them calculi by tra to the langit Ac Clover f No ]Darns than a of con power Th that tl ?onspi Impril Tt 18th The and eider an ii there easie: item. of im