The Sun. — London, England, 1856-09-02 00:00:00

ROYAL FRINCESB'S THEATRE. Under the Mutagement of Mr. CumiLas SIAN. TELLS EVENING, MUSIC H k TEE CHARMS. After which, PIZSRII.O. Rolla, by Mr. C. Kean ; Elvira, by Mrs. C. Kean. To conclude with A PRINVE FOR AN HOUR. THEATRE 'ROYAL, IitYMARKET. Under Management of Mr. l'lnekeons. TIIPI EVEYING, A COMICAL COUNTESS. Followed by SECOND LOVE. The Spanish Dancers. After which, LEND ME FIVE SHILLINGS. To con3lncle with THE TOCTOR IN LOVE. ROY AL TfIU kTRE ADELPIII. flopnator and Hai;ager, Hr. B. Webster. Dinctresq, l'Atidamo Calestt. THIS FIVT!,TIWG, IRELAND AS IT I. Folllwel by DOMESTIC ECONOMY. After which TUE Midi TUTOR. To conclude with OUR CAL. STR ,ND TrIv:ATRE. Manner, Mr. T. Payne. TRIS EVENIS(I. CH iRLES THE TWELFTH. The Pas des Sabots by , t idles. Christine and Agnes. Folio ved by TWO PRECIOUS SCOUNDREL ,, Les Jetta Icariennes by Mons. Fillis and Family. After which, MISCHIEF MAKING. All'ance Dance by Mdies. Christine and Agnes. To conclude with TILE SLEEPING DRAEGIT• Commence at 7. Stalli, 3s.—Boxes, 23.—PIt, Is —Gallery, 6d. ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE. Lmsee and Manner, Mr. Alfred Wigan. TIII3 EVENING TIIE GREEN-EYED MONSTER. After which, MEDEA. To conclude with TAE wELsn GIRL. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. Wm. Cooke. Shakspeare's Richard the Third illustrated. THIS EVENING, The brilliant g• - m of London, Shakspeare's RICHARD THE THIRD►, with equestrian illu , tration by Mr. W. Cooke's stud of trained horses. White Surrey slat , under his royal master, wounded, dying, and dead horses in the Rattle of Bosworth Field, &c. After which, The EQUESTRIAN ACTS in the CIRCLE. To conclude with a Risible Farce. Box-office open frlin Elevc-n till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W. West. Equestrian Director, Mr. •,1. Cooke. jun. FIIGa WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tail Dmr—Morn. 33 rain. aft. 3—Evening 49 min. aft. 3 T 1-Diattßow—Mora. 4 min. aft. 4—Evening 18 min. aft. 4 THE WEATHER—SUN OFFICE, SEPTEXBEIt 2. THEIMONETER, IN THIA SHADE. 67 —highest since noon yesterday. 62—lowest this morning and during the night. 64 —this day at noon. PABOHETED, 30.13—rising. WIND, N.N.W.—Light, with fine sunshiny weather, but cool. STAMPED EDITION OF " THE SUN." The Latest Edition cf The Sun, Stamped, in time for Post, may always be had from half- past 5 till ';" o'clock every evening. Subseribars in the Country will please to observe that the heading " THIRD EDITION" is always to be seen on the papers containing the latest news. If any difficulty be experienced in obtaining that E lition, a communication to The Sun Office will remedy it. Sun, Office, 112, strand. cc, glAn LOYPON, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 1858. be employed in aidl of f he enforcement of the enact ments of the alleged Le gislative Assembly of the ter ritory of Kansas, re eat' .;ly assembled at Shay/nee Mis sion, until Congress e 1 ,all have enacted either that it was or was not a valid Legislative Assembly, chosen in cot fortuity with the o rganic law by the peopl of the said terrrtory. And p. rovided that, until Congress shall have passed on the, vat idity of the said Legislative As sembly'at Kansas, it E hall be the duty of the President to use the militar y fc rce in the said territory to pre serve the peace, s nimicess insurrection, repel invasion, and protect persons and property therein, and upon the national highways i n the state of Missouri from unlawful seizures and search es. And he it further provided that the President be re quired to disarm the present organised militia of the tei xitory of Kansag, and recall all the United States am as therein distributed, and to prevent armed men from ;g1 )ing into said territory to disturb the public peace, or al d in the enforcement or resistar.ce of real or pretend.ed.l aws." This was r( jected by the Senate, but the House of Rd 3presentatives, as tenacious of their rights a nd privileges as the English Commons would be in a similar case, steadily refused. to accept the mutilated bill. In vain were Confer rences held—the representatives, faithful to the it nportant trust confided to their charge, felt that it would be an abdication of their functions to surrender. The session there fore closed without any vote on the Army Appropriation (':Muse, and there is at this mo ment, or rather. was at the date of the last intelligence, •no legal military force in the United Sta. tes. General PIERCE has therefore resorted. to the extraordinary privilege of again convening Congress within three days after the termination of their former labours. We trust that those who have hitherto acted so well will display similar resolution to the end. A great principle is at stake—a principle on which mainly depends the futura fate of the Federal Re public. Should it unfortunately turn out other wise, our Transatlantic brethren can no longer boast of their model constitution, but will prac tically be placed under a despotism of the worst description—one which, under the mask of liberty, completely sets aside the wishes and aspirations of a large majority of the people, There is a pretty quarrel, as it stands, between the President and Congress of the United States. Mr. FRANKLIN PIERCE, backed by the Pro-slavery men and the Senate, has apparently determined to throw, by a coup d'etat all the power, during the brief remainder of his official life, into the hands of the pledged and thorough-going friends of the Domestic Institution. On the other side, the House of Representatives have abided firmly by their principles, and reused to yield to Presi dent or Senate. Unfortunately, they have not the power, belonging to the English House of Commons, of expelling an obnoxious Administra tion. A party once in office must remain for the full term for which it was elected, no matter how strongly it may be opposed to public opinion. Matters injurious to the welfare of the com mon weal may be forced by those who have disappointed all the hopes and anticipations previously entertained, but there is no consti tutional remedy--no means of displacing the incubus that paralyses the energies of the Re public, and, like the " Old Man of the Sea," in the Arabian fable, prevents the free and inda• pendent action indispensable to the welfare and prosperity of the people. The House of Representatives, thoroughly di.- gusted with the proceedings of the Executive, have adopted the extreme, but constitutional course, of stopping the supp'ies. That they were fully jus tified in so doing no disinterested person can deny. General PIERCE, in the vain hope of re election, flung all his weight into one side of the political scale, and sought to give a decided triumph to the minority. Kansas was, unfortunately for itself, the arena in which the contest was to be decided. As in the olden time Belgium was the " Cockpit of Europe," Kansas was the battle ground whereon the conflicting elements in the soi-disant " United States" were to decide their differences. Bands of armed assassins from Mis souri invaded its free soil. A mock Legislature was constituted, without the slightest pretext of Legitimacy, and General PIERCE, as one of the electioneering dodges in which he has proved so unfortunate, thought fit to cast the mantle of his protection over the usurping body. The army of the United States became the auxiliaries of the invaders, an - I the most atrocious crimes were per petrated under the shadow of law. In vain did the popular representatives protest against this untoward " state of affairs." Their remon strances made no favourable attention at the " White House." If they produced any effect, it was that they stimulated the Executive to more determined action on the other side. They were, therefore, coMpelled to adopt the only con stitutional course that remained, and to tack riders to their money bills This decided course, however, led to no prac tieal improvement ! Promises were made that induced them to yield on questions relating to the civil and judicial services. But the President was not more trustworthy than the Princes of the time-honoured proverb, iu whom we were cau tioned not to pin our faith. The Representatives therefore continued firm on the Army Appropri ation Clause. By that they steadily abided, de termined, in the pithy language of one of their members, that they "would not pay for powder immigrants to shoot or halter s to han g " the free into Kansas. The clause thus added was to the following That Slaveholders should resent the interference of our Press with American " domestic" politics is not surprising, since there is but one point in them which Englishmen and those who write for Englishmen care at all about, and that is just the " domestic institution ;" but that Americans gene rally should feel at all aggrieved by our strongest language on that subject is unreasonable. Every liberal, every philanthropist, and, of course, every advocate of thoroughly free institutions has a stake in the question of American consistency. We in the Old World, who form the advanced liberal phalanx, are for ever taunted with Ameri can slavery. Monarchical and aristocratical in stitutions, and Roman Catholic nations, and nations with Established Churches, have all freed themselves from the taint of personal slavery, and we are bid to look at the contrast where liberal principles have the fullest swing. No explana tions or arguments avail against the broad fact of the unparalleled despotism of the 350,000 slave holders over 27,000,000 of their fellow-country men ; that is an aristocracy and a despotism infi nitely more oppressive and odious than anything in Europe ; and hence " see what tyrants your republicans are"—is the answer which we get for advocating the ballot, or representative reform, or any measure of political liberty. Those who venture to hint that a clergy paid by their con gregation are the best servants or the people, are bid to look at the great body of American clergy men, who, with the exception of a few proscribed "heterodox," are almost to a man pro-slavery preachers. Indeed it must be confessed that the moral degradation of the American clergy is, to a reflecting man, the most appalling fact of the case. Here, in Europe, the clergy were the first emancipators of slaves, and the foremost to press it on the consciences of laymen. In America pew-rents are but retaining fees to pulpit counsel for slaveholders. It is not the crime of one reli gious sect or another; the great 'majority of the clergy of every denomination prostitute the Bible itself in support of slavery. Americans cannot, therefore, be reasonably annoyed at the painful interest felt by all the friends of civil and religious liberty in the great domestic battle now raging amongst them, and at our taking the side of the consistent republicans among them. There was a good joke in vogue lately, that Sir G. C. LEWIS had contributed 100,000 dollars towards the election of an anti-slavery candidate ; but we are confident that ten or twenty times that sum would be readily subscribed by Englishmen if it would aid in peacefully subverting the abominable institution of American slavery. We believe even Mr. JOHN BRIGHT and the Manches ter cotton-spinners would contribute handsomely if they could do so without affronting the New York cotton merchants. There does appear to be some hope that the North is at length aroused to the assertion of its own liberties and rights, after having tamely succumbed to the South and Slavery for so many disgraceful years. As Miss MARTINEAU' has shown in her lucid and instruc tive little pamphlet,* the whale course of Ausori can policy from the first euphemisms in the slave clauses of the Declaration of Indopendeac:), to the present day, has been a history of compro mises with the slave power—compromises always made to serve a present gain to that power, but always broken as soon as that purpose was serve 1. A review of the simple facts of S mthern over reaching and northern subserviency must be enough to make any New-England man blush, or rather to exasperate him with the past and to arouse him to use his vast power for the future. The fatal series of compromises began with that blot on the much-lauded Declaration of Independence, which makes the vote of a single slaveholder, with one hundred slaves, equal in returning members to Congress with the votes of sixty-one New-England men ! What boroughmongering at Old Saruiu or Castle Rising came up to this; yet we in England have got rid of our burgess tenure voters. This clause iu a deed which declares all men " born free and equal," laid the foundation of the present slave empire in the United States. Had the votes been apportioned; to the number of the whites only slavery would by this time have been extinct. The next great compromise, known by the name of the Missouri Cornpromis_,, in 1820, again gave the predominance to the slave power, under guise of excluding it from all territory north of 36 deg. 36 min. north latitude, compre hending the territory-of Nehrask 1, and Kansas. Then cam e the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, chiefly as the price of admitting California into the Union as a free State, and abolishing the slave market at Washington. The last great act of the slave power, with slavery fanatic PIERCE as Pre sident, was not a compromise, but the rep: al o the Free States' share of the Missouri compromise of 1820. The Nebraska Bill of 1854, which re pealed the prohibition of the extension of slavery to the north-west, on which condition aloee Mis souri was admitted as a Slave State ! But now the fight has, we hope, begun in goad earnest. Thrown upon their own energy to introduce Kansas as a Free State into the Union, and to save the North from further pollution by slavery, the free emigrants from the North rapidly settled effect : " Provided, nevertheless, that no part of the military forge of the United States herein provided for shall in the new territory. Their numbers aild rights were undoubted ;—how the pro•slavery men by mere violent irruption, on the days of election, subverted all the rights of the settlers ; how they were aided by the traitor President ; and how ruffianism, plunder, arson, and murder have pol luted this fair territory in the attempt to pollute it for ever with Southern slavery, is known to every reader. To his exposure of these last deeds of Slave holding and Presidential violence is due the out rage on Mr. SUMNER. His speech, at full length, appended to a reprint of the admirable Re view of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" in the Edinburgh, with several other documentst, now lies before us, and is well worthy the perusal of all interested (and who is not?) in the horrible tale of Slaveholding outrages in Kansas, and the disgraceful attack on the eloquent defender of violated territory. Mr. SUUNER inveighs, with American vehemence, against the advocates of slavery in the Senate in their public character, against the Slave States, and against, above all, the unheard-of violence perpetrated by the slaveholders' banditti in Kan sas ; but there is nothing which a man, with the slightest regard for his character, would think of chastising with any other weapon than counter oratory, or, were it possible, by counter facts. There is some hope that the Northern States will now be aroused ; that enthusiasm for their own representatives lives, their own northern terri tories, and their honour in the eyes of the whole civilised world, will stir them up to what they could make a very easy victory. There may be two or three millions of white inhabitants in the Slave States, and perhaps:twice as many negroes, three-fifths of whom, though of course not voting, are yet reckoned as population in respect to the number of representatives allowed each State. Call the electoral population of the slave States five millions; that of the free States is now not leis than seventeen millions, probably nearer twenty ! It is plain, therefore, that tho guilt of the Legislative triumphs of slavery lies entirely with the Free States. They have but to unite, and in the House of Representatives, in the Pre sidential chair, and very soon in the Senate, they must be overwhelmingly triumphant. If the Free States review their historical posi tion it would seem impossible for them to remain longer quiet. In a speech by Mr. RICHARD DINA (author of "Two Years before the Mast"), printed in the' latter pamphlet referred to, he remarks— " This oligarchy has governed the whole country and governs it now with a sway of increasing de mands and exactions. Of seventeen Presidential elections, natives of Slave States have carried thirteen, natives of Free States four. Of the life of our Government, 49 years have been passed under slave-holding chief magistrates, and 18 under non-siavlders. They have always had a majority in the Supreme Courts of the United States. The population, the arts, the sciences, commerce, inventions, copyrights, manufactures, all are with the Free States, yet the Slave States hold, and have always held, the judiciary. They almost monopolised the Army and Navy when appointments were open. At this moment, though there are sixteen Free States and fifteen Slave States, a majority of the Senate are slaveholders. To make a long story short, there never has been a question between the slave power and the free power in which the slave power has not triumphed. Can it be possi ble that the Free States will not, now the ques tion is fairly before them, decide it for the supre macy of population, intelligence, wealth, and, above all, Republican liberty ? The issue is indeed a high one. The eyes of all civilisation are turned to this Presidential contest as they have been to none of late. They see in the opposed candidates, slavery, piracy, and war on one side; liberty, fair trade, and peace on the other. Ame rica may now begin to regain the moral status of her early days, or sink deeper than ever in the eyes of all but Czars and their slaveholders. ± American Slavery, &c., &c. Longmans, p. IG4. The Stethoscope, periodically employed for the examination of the dread disease ever working at the national heart—crime !—is the remarkable Annual Report compiled by the Surveyor-General of our Convict Prisons, and presented in the form of a compact Blue-Book, session after session, "By Command of her Majesty," to both H ouses of the Imperial Parliament. Col..Tnee has never more fully, than in the Eighth Report* ju s t given to the public, demonstrated to the apprehension of the most captious—demonstrated beyond the reach of cavil—demonstrated, let us say at once, completely and definitively, his singular, and, in some respects, unequalled aptitude for organisa tion. Guided by his unerring sagacity, the dar ing system inaugurated but two or three years since appears to have already attained a very advanced stage in its development—iF, indeed, there has not, even now, been reached the per fected operation of the Act 16 and 17 Vthr., cap. 99, the memorable statute by whicla Penal Servi tude wa.s, as it were, by a single stroke of the pen—La Reine le req—substituted for transporta tion. Scarcely three years have elapsed since this extraordinary change in the whole machinery of the Criminal Code of the British Empire was adventured upon—a transformation originally effected, in truth, as recently as the autumn of 1853—and already . Col. JEBB may be regarded as having mastered the principal difficulties in the way of this most novel scheme of criminal jurisprudence. Gathering up the reins in one vigorous grasp, but handling each with a most delicate sense of responsibility, and with an ex quisitely cautious and prudential regard to the exigencies of the situation, Colonel JEBB may be considered to have already got the system well "under"—winning his way, as he has advanced steadily onwards, by the light of experience, and gaining " golden opinions' at once from an ob servant people and an appreciative administration. Encomiums such as these are high, no doubt, when employed, as they are now, in re ference to one occupying the very deli cate and difficult position, at one and the same time, of Surveyor-General of Prisons and of Chairman of the Board of Directors of our huge and complex Convict Establishments. Yet they merely involve a tribute of praise to which Colonel JEBB in that twofold capacity has now long since been proving himself, more and more conspicuously year after year, to be eminently well entitled. He, at least, is one of those rarest of all rare exceptions—" The Right Man in the Right Place." He at any rate is Master of the Situation. His is by no means a mind elated at the ingenious discovery of How Not To Do It. His is in no one particular an office connected, directly or in indirectly, with the grand central office known by the significant name, style, and title of Circumlocution. Rece signum— if no other-where or otherwise—this Eighth Report on the Discipline of the Convict Hulks and Prisons—at Woolwich, at Portsmouth, at Park hurst, at Millbank, at Dartmoor, at Portland, at Pentonville I A Report extending over 3G3 pages * "Report on the Discipline of the Convict Prisons, &c., 1854-1855." By Col. Jebb, C. 8., &c., &c. Pp. 363. OTO. Ere and Spottiswoode. 1856. * A History of the American Compromises, pp. 55. Chapman and Son. THE SUN, LON Dur\ TUISDA 1-4:VE u, SEPTEMBER 2, tri6l large octavo, including a very copious and sin gularly readable Appendix, gathering together as it were in a single focus a mass of authoritative opinions illustrative of the relative advantages and disadvantages of Penal Servitude and Trans portation. Opinions collected indiscriminately from regions as remote from each other as France and the United States, as Germany and Tasmania —opinions as variously entitled to consideration as those expressed by such men as MM. BERM GER, and PERROT, and VIDAL, and DIICPETIAUX. Descending to a more detailed examination of the important statistics compressed within the compass of this really remarkable Blue-Biok— we are at once arrested by the fact that it is no thing less than an army of criminals that we have to deal with annually—the male convicts alone in the United Kingdom numbering, in 1854, as manyaslo,o96, and having increased numerically, in 1855, to no less an aggregate than 10,543 I Nevertheless, in the very teeth of this stubborn fact, it is consolatory to know that crime has given tokens, unmistakeable and appreciable tokens, of diminution recently, contrasting the annual num ber of criminals with the yearly increase of the population. Corroborative of the accuracy of which assertion comes under our notice in this Eighth Report of the Surveyor-General of Pri sons, the significant circumstance that the maximum of prisoners has nowhere been attained in any one of our large convict establishments. For example, while at Portland there is accommodation for 1,526, there have been upon an average but 1,050 in confinement. At Portsmouth, with accommodation for 1,020, there have been upon an average but 1,000 in confine ment. At Dartmoor, with room for 572, but 645 upon an average incarcerated. At the Hulks, with room on board the " Defence" for 528, and on board the " Warrior" for 450, but an average of 509 in the " Defence," and an average of 438 in the " Warrior." And so throughout the balance lying more or less " upon the right side," with an unanimity in the result in every way most satisfactory. A circum stance, as we have already intimated, very conso latory in its significance—more consolatory, be cause less frightfully so, than the fact alluded to upon a recent occasion by the Noble Lord the heir to the (now) Premier Earldom of England, the terrible yet encouraging fact, that the vast proportion of our criminal population consists, both male and female, of children 1 17.a -der all these evils, therefore, is still discernable— Hope—hope that lay like a priceless jewel in the old fabled hell-box of PANDORA. The youthful- 1 ness of our criminal population assures us that much may be effected with a ♦iew to the yet fur ther diminution of crime amongst us by the spread of education among the less cared-for sections of the community, by means of the humane system of the Reformatories. While the disproportion between the numbers of our annual prisoners, and the amount of accommodation actually pre pared for them, must satisfy even the least san guine that we have already within our grasp the wherewithal for their instant and individual cor rection, with a view to their collective and gradu ated improvement. Coupled with which reelection must again be here mentioned, very explicitly, the encouraging remembrance that we have an administrator as sagacious, and intelligent, and cautious, and experienced as Colonel J. JEBB, f. 8., at the head of our vast Convict Establish ments. We earnestly invite attention to two commu nications, which will be found in another part of this day's impression, on the all-important subject of the proper drying and management of the cereal crops at harvest time. The real cc protection " which farmers require is against their own apathy and indifference. They will teadily persevere in the old jog -trot course, although by so doing they put money out of their own pockets. Miss EDGEWORTH'S Grimes Good enough has many representatives in the present generation. It is far easier to grumble than to take active measures to amend the palpable evil. There was a deep moral conveyed in the old fable, in which HERCULES directed the waggoner to set his own shoulder to the wheel, and it is one that should be particularly regarded by the agricultural popu lation. At present every farmer is looking to the state of the weather, and not merely every farmer, but every pater familial through out the length and breadth of the land. It is indeed an important subject. The profits of the one, and the application of the earnings of the other, depend on the result. But would it not be wise to become independent of the vicissitudes of the weather, to be en abled to preserve the crops without re ference to the state of the atmosphere ? We believe the resources of science to be illimi table, that " where there's a will, there's a way," and that all that is necessary is that the atten tion which its importance so eminently merits be directed to the subject. If " ever, in our fickle climate," the crops may be considered safe, with due diligence, surely those who neglect the obvious precautions have no right to complain of any losses occasioned by their own apathy and insouceance. Before they grumble at the dispensations of PROVIDENCE, let them be prepared to show that they have to the beat and utmost of their respective abili ties taken advantage of the opportunities placed within their reach. When they have done so, they will find no occasion to demand sympa thy. The result will prove the vast importance of striking the nail on the head at the right time. THE WEATHER AND THE CROPS. TO THE EDITOR OF THB SUN. The Marquis of Dalhousie has greatly improved in health since his return to Scotland, and is, with his daughters, the Ladies Ramsay, making a tour of visits. SIR,—A. word or two OR this fertile subject in your invaluable journal may not be out of place at the present time. It is admitted, I believe, by all who are conversant with the subject, that, owing to improved agriculture, the lands of this country have within these few years been made to produoe more abundant crops than for merly ; and it is likewise granted that much more re mains to be done in this very desirable direction. Nor have attempts been wanting, on the part of our ma chinists, to produce a machine that will rapidly and eco nomically reap our corn ; buF I deeply regret to add, that very little attention has hitherto been turned to the art of saving these immense crops, on which so much labour and skill have been expended. Oa the contrary, it is painful to observe that no effectual precautions have heretofore been taken to provide against the effects of our changeable climate,—which is the more surprising, in this age of discoveries, because all men, both growers and cnnsumers, are deeply interested in this most impor tant matter. "As sure as sunshine follows rain " has passed into a proverb ; and it would be well if our farmers had the converse Gf this axiom indelibly engraved on their me mory, and never for one moment forget that during their corn-harvest, at least, "rain is sure to follow sun shine," and if continued a few days would destroy or materially damage the farmers' hard-earned crop and a nation's bread, left as it is by the present wretched sys tem, cut and exposed in the opan fields for many days, thus leaving recklessly to hazard the bounteous harvest which God in His great goodness has vouchsafed to us. The true remedy for this great evil appears to me to be, simply to place all kinds of grain into wind-mows immediately after the sickle ; and this plan to be fol lowed invariably, whatever the weather may be at the time of cutting ; the size and form of the wind-mows to vary according to the dryness of the corn or the quantity of weeds or grass with which it may be intermixed. I am not a practical agriculturist ; but I cannot forbear saying that one form of these wind-mows seems admir ably adapted to secure the drying of the greenest corn. It is this :—Place two hurdles in the form of an A, , nd build the sheaves on two sides, with the ears inwards, leaving the opening free, which secures a current of air where most required ; and the roof or top of the mow may be covered with the same, or a little reed, according to taste. Now, sir, if this very simple plan were universally adopted in the British Isles, I have no hesitation in say ing that, even in our fickle climate, our harvests may be considered safe in any year ; for there is always suffi cient fine weather for cutting—the only difficulty hitherto has been to save the crops. I will only add that if my humble suggestions should prove of practical value, I shall feel most amply rewarded. I am, sir, your obedient servant, Devonshire, Aug. 30,1856. COMMON SENSE. The Earl and Countess Delawarr and Lady Arabella West paid a visit to Major-General Lord West, at Dover last week, but have since returned to Buekhurst Pnrk. The Earl and Countess of Dartmouth paid a visit to the family estates at Slaithwaite and Lingard, York shire, on Thursday last, and on arrival at the hall from their seat in Staffordshire, were most joyously welcomed by the tenantry. Lord Campbell and the Hon. Miss Campbell arrived at Inverlochny Lod g e , Lord Abinger's seat in Inverness shire, on Thursday last, from the South. Lord and Lady Abinger have a select family circle assembled at their Highland residence. The Earl Fitzhardinge left Berkeley House on S•dur. day last for his marine residence at Cowes, Isle of Wight,. The noble Earl has quite recovered from his recent ill ness. The Duke and Duchess of Northumberland have been staying at Alnwick Castle since their return from Scot land, and have not been at Keilder Castle, as erroneously stated. At the meeting of the Victoria (London) Dock Com pany, held last week, it was stated, in reply to an inquiry, that several lots of the company's surplus land on the south side of the dock had been let on long leases at the price of 21. 103. per lineal foot, with about 200 feet depth. The land in question commands the use both of the dock and the Blackwall Railway, and ;s highly valu able for the timber and other similar trades. These terms are equivalent to a rent of 5601. per annum, and would appear to give an enormous value to land which cost the ompany a comparatively trifling sum a few years since. INSOLVENT DEBTORS —Bet ween 28th July, 1853, and 10th June 1856, 2,301 petitioned the Insolvent Debtors C our t in London, under the provisions of the Ist and 2d Vict. c. 110, of whom 2,132 filed schedules and 169 did not ; 53 did not appear, 44 were dismissed, 1,643 w ere or d ere d to b e di sc harged from pi ion forth with, 347 were subjected to various periods of imprison- ment, and the total cases heard were 2,132. In the same period the number of petitions under the Protection Acts of 5 and 6 Viet., c. 116, and 7 and 8 Vict., c. 96, was 2,688, and of those 2,275 were adjudicated upon at second hearing, LATEST NEWS. A despatch from Naples says that efforts on the part of France and England to induce his Sicilian Majesty to reconsider his reply to the joint notes of her Majesty's Government and that of the Em peror have entirely failed. The Times' Paris correspondent (second edi tion) in a letter dated Monday, 6 p.m., says : " The belief gains ground here that the French and English Governments entertain widely different views with respect to what is passing in Spain. It has not, that I know of, been asserted that this difference has led to communications between the two Cabinets, or that it has in the least set them at variance, but that it soon may do so seems to be anticipated in certain quarters. The belief, which took its rise in the supposed opposite sympathies of the Governments, has gained strength iu con sequence of correspondence in foreign journals— especially in those of Belgium—and, still more, by reason of the widely dissimilar tone adopted by the press of London and by that of Paris in their discussion and appreciation of the Spanish crisis. It has been further rumoured to-day that there is an intention of sending a squadron to the Bay of Naples." FRANCE. PARIS, MONDAY EVENING. The _Patric says that the Russian Government wishes to submit the question of the Serpent's Island occupation to the interpretation of the Great Powers. The latest advices received here from Spain state that the Government still hesitates about one or two important decrees which are expected to ap pear. "O'Donnell wishes to avoid responsibilities," says a letter, " which the Queen wishes to impose on him." The military throughout the country have orders to act on the slightest signs of revolt. The Car lists are very active. The Constitutiomnel gives the following explana tion of the sentences of death against five indivi duals accused of au attempt on the life of the Em peror, the potting of which at the Mairies has pro duced a very great sensation in Paris : " Conformably to Art. 472 of the code of Criminal In struction, the judgment by default against the individu als condemned for the affair known as that of the Hip podrome and Opera Comique, has just been placarded. This affair, it is known, dates as far back as 1853. Ma levolence has not failed to take advantage of this publication to circulate the report that capital punish ments has just been awarded for attempts upon the person of the Emperor. It might have been seen, how ever, from the terms of the announcement, that the judgments were by default (par contuntace), and cones - quently related to old facts." The " malevolence" of which the Constitutionnel speaks must have been manifested by word of mouth only, for no Paris newspaper has ventured to speak of the matter, and the foreign journals which mention it had not arrived when the above paragraph was written. The explanation is not alto gether satisfactory, for it is certain that the " law's delay" does not usually require two or three years to prepare a judgment by default. BOURSE, Sept. I.—The following were the last quotations : Cash. fr. s. End of Mouth. 41 per Cents 94 55 —f. —a. :3 per Cents 73 60 70 75 New Loan 70 50 Bank Shares 4,150 Roman Credit Mobilier 1,645 Austrian Belgian Five 5......., Spanish Threes — Piedmontese (5) . 92 50 Home Debt 40 TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIN, —ln one of the leading articles in your paper of Saturday you speak of the two great wants of agricul ture, and of the great boon that would be given to the country by the supply of either of them. The first has proved a problem of very difficult solution, but the second, I hope and believe, might be easily solved, and the corn in the straw be dried at a cheap rate, and al most, if not quite, as rapidly as it could be reaped by the sickle, if Mr. Brunel or Mr. Stephenson would take the trouble to adapt the centrifugal machine used at the Staffordshire Potteries, which dries a ton of clay in a few minutes, to drying corn in the straw. The object would be at once accomplished, and the machine ready for use at the next harvest, and a most useful boon con ferred upon the country. The machine I allude to is stated in Chambers and other periodicals to dry a ton of wet clay in a few minutes. Now, any machine which has the power of driving out the wet in a few minutes from such a compact and tenacious substance as clay, and where the wet is so thoroughly combined with the substance itself, how much more readily would it expel the moisture from straw, to which it merely adheres ex ternally, and is not in any way combined with it. The principle being already so fully proved and demon strated, nothing more is required than to adapt the ma chine so as to work equally well on a different material ; and I cannot think that to a skilful engineer there would be any difficulty in doing so. The machine might be ap• plied not only in drying corn in wet weather, but if found worth the expense it might also be used under similar cir cumstances for at once converting grass into hay, and re taining more of the nutritive properties of the grass than it would do if made into hay either under a broiling sun or exposed to drenching showers. As it is seldom the case that a new machine will work quite right in the first instance, but requires subsequent alterations and improvements, it is too often the case that the original inventor receives no profit or remuneration for his labour and expenses; but in the present instance the result required is so very desirable, that were I either a machinist or a capitalist I should think the experiment well worth the trial ; but as I am neither, I can only hope that Mr. Mechi, or some machinist or capitalist of equal spirit, may be induced to carry the plan into prac tical operation. In drying corn in this way another ad vantage of very material importance might also be de rived—the corn being made so thoroughly dry it would probably keep as well for four or five years as it now does for one, and thus the abundance of one year might be made to supply the deficiency of two or three suzceed• ing years, to the great advantage at least of the labour ing populatiln. Your insertion of this in your widely circulated paper will oblige, sir, your obedient servant, THOS. BRAMLEY. Wakefield, Sept, 1, 1856. EUGENIE'S BABY. The Empress saluted the people. One said "We should like to see the Prince Imperial." " My friends, I should ba happy to show him to you, but lie is asleep !" " Don't disturb him then." And the people abstained from any cheers, that the sleep of the Prince should not be broken. —.Extract from Tho Sun, 23d August, 185 G. Now Europe is quiet, We'll have no more riot, Let all be at Peace ! or beware of a rap ; Blow soft every breze— Not a cough or a sneeze— For Eagenie's Baby is getting his nap. 2. You, Bear, cease your growling ! Around his cot prowling ; Grim Eagles of Gcrcnany, silenc., your scream ! ' , ranch, Bantam, stop cro wing— And BULL, your loud lowing— A.nca-ANGEL or EXPIRE, come, whisper his dream. Thera's Governess Bruce, Will soon shy her shoe at The first that disturbs the sweet Infant's repose ; A truce to War's jangling ! We'll have no more mangling, But pass a flat iron o'er his dear baby-clothed. 4. And—if, silence keeping, We worship him sleeping, The light of his waking will surely surprise ; _ _ You might think 'twas the sun— But there you'd be done ! For 'Lis EIIGENIE'e BABY that opens his eyes. The specie brought yesterday by the West Indian and American steamers amounts to 730,0001., of which 220,0001. is gold, and the remainder silver, principally in dollars. The gold will all go t s the continent. The overland mail of the 3d inst. is expected to take out nearly 800,0001., principally silver for China. FURNESS RAILWAY.—At the half-yearly meeting of this company, held on the 27th ult., a dividend at the rate of 8 per cent, per annum was declared. Out of the balance standing at the revenue account the sum of 2,0001. was set aside as a fund for reconstructing in masonry a part of Barrow Piers ; and the sum of 1,0001. f ,r renewal of the permanent way. The gross receipts on the revenue account exceed by the sum of 7,5001. those of the corresponding period of last year, and, notwith standing that this is the case, the working expenses show a reduction of 5001, The sum remaining in hand, after providing for the dividend, and aided to the balance carried over la4t balf-year, will be upwards of 2,500/. SUICIDE BY LEAPING DOWN A COAL MINE —Mary Kellett, a girl 13 years of age, daughter of Daniel Kel lett, labourer, Wik e , destroyed herself on Wednesday under the most painful circumstances. She had no mother, and when her father came home to his dinner be detected her in false's° for which he thrashed her with a leathern strap. This chastisement bad such an effect upon her, that directly her father had left her she threw herself into a coalpit 64 yards deep. An inquest was held upon the mangled body on Thursday. Verdict, " Temporary insanity."—Manchester Guardian. MONSTER BLAST AT PENDERYN LIMESTONE QUARRIES —Some two years since a monster blast was fired at the quarry of Wm. Crawshay, Esq., the powder chamber containing 2i tons of powder, with the intention of opening the deep side of the quarry, and in the presence of many spectators, a great fall was produced. Many falls since have taken place, of 3,000 and 4,000 tons each, but the crowning fill was (as predicted from the day of the first blast) to come, and on Wednesday it came with good effect and profit to the owner. The old chamber, which had much broken and riven the bottom beds of the superincumbent strata, 147 feet high, was cleared out to a length of 10 yards, and the small quan tity of 10 cwt. of powder exploded. • The match was fired, and in eleven minutes from the time, the bottom of the quarry, a mass 10 feet thick, for 20 yards square, was literally ejected, and the superincumbent mass of 120 feet high came rolling down like a flood, and filling the quarry with its torrent of stone to the amount of 12,000 tons certain—many compute it at 15,000 ton., but the more cautious say 12,000 tons. The fall at present is untouched, and will remain so for a time, as new roads are required to be put in to clear the mass. There were stones from 150 to 250 tons each thrown do wn.—Cardiff Guardian. RAILWAYS-FOB CASEL fr. c. fr. e, Orleans 1,372 50 Western 955 Northern Lyons.. ...1,367 50 New Ditto Mediterranean 1,770 Grand Central 6BO Lyons Geneva — Teste Cette 775 Austrian Com. BSO SPAIN. The Times' correspondent, in a letter dated Ba yonne, Friday, Aug. 29, says :—M. Olozaga went across the frontier to Irun to meet his successor, Marshal Serrano, and accompany him to Bayonne; and on the second day after his arrival the Marshal had his audience of the Emperor. M. Pacheco, the newly-appointed Minister to London, has also arrived at. Bayonne, on the way to his post. He will probably remain a few days here, and will consult with his confrere of Paris. The instructions of both, as to the language to be held on behalf of the Spanish Government to the Cabinets of England and France, is pretty much the same. I believe that both England and France have given nearly similar advice to O'Donnell as to his future policy. I have already alluded to the reply ofithe English Govern ment when asked if there was any objection on their part to receive M. Pacheco as Ambassador. A subsequent communication has been made through our Chargé d'Affaires at Madrid to the Spanish Government, recommending the adoption of a to lerant and liberal policy and of a constitutional Administration. In a word, nothing could be bet ter than the advice given to General O'Donnell. I cannot affirm whether an identical communica tion has been made by the French Government, but I have good reason for believing that the opi nion and wishes of the Emperor Napoleon on that subject do not differ much from those of Lord Clarendon. Oa a recent occasion the Emperor ex pressed himself very frankly, and I should say very warmly, on the question. England and France, he said, had no longer any undignified rivalry in Spain. He wished and hoped that General O'Don nell would avoid all reactionary measures, and govern constitutionally, though not weakly. The Emperor seems so little disposed towards a reac tionary policy that he has expressed his disap proval of the absolute dissolution of the National Guard. As a general rule, his Majesty thinks it unstatesman-like and imprudent to adopt any mea sure of an irritating kind, for which there is no paramount necessity. On the same occasion the Emperor alluded, in marked terms, to the Anglo- French alliance, which he still thinks indispensable for the tranquillity of Europe. It is not merely as regards the north tt at he believes that alliance to be necessary ; England and France should also be united on the questions of Spain and Italy. I can not say whether the Emperor feels any serious doubts of the duration of peace ; but I believe he does not think that England and France would be justified in doing anything which would lender them less effective in action than they have been. Our accounts from Madrid are of the 27th tilt The Queen had placed at the disposal of Prince Adalbert and the Infanta Donna Amalia a number of servants of her household, who are to accompany them in their journey through Spain and France to the frontiers of Bavaria. It was not yet known on what day the Govern ment would publish the measures or resolutions re lative to the Constitution and the convocation of the Cortes. _ __ _ . _ _ _ _ The dismissal of M. Alvarez, Spanish Envoy at Mexico, continued to be the subject of many com ments. It appears that he did not strictly follow his instructions, which enjoined him to require the unconditional revocation of certain acts of the Mexican Government deemed by Spain to be dero gatory to her rights and dignity. The Government intends to create three consu lar offices—at Montevideo, Buenos Ayres, and Pa rana—instead of the Legation it now maintains in the Uruguay. The Gazette published Royal decrees appointing 16 other Civil Governors. The provinces were tranquil. The Government in the meantime kept a watchful eye over the movements of the Carlists and revolutionists. It increased the army, organised the reserve, and took special pains to appoint proper Governors. The pay of the officers of the army had been aug mented. Captains are hereafter to receive 1,000 reals (101.) monthly, lieutenants 700 reals, and en signs 500 reals. The Madrid Gazette of the 28th ult. publishes deerees conferring decorations. The Bpoca, a semi-official organ, says :—" Some journals think it extraordinory that the decree for the dissolution of the Constituent Cortes has not yet been published. We believe that there is no motive for feeling surprise. Whatever may he the political constitution which may be adopted iu Spain, it will be established naturally, like those of 1837 and 1845—that is to say that, the parlia ment being dissolved, new Cortes will be convoked within three months ; and it is possible, and even probable, that the government of h er Majesty, de siring that the elections fur them shall be made after those of the municipalities and provincial de putations, has calculated that the latter cannot take place before the month of November. RUSSIA. Russian news just now is little else than an account of the preparations for the coronation, the rivalries of the ambassadors in matters of expense, the great pains taken by this one to please, and the nonchalance of another about the whole affair. As politics in the Russian capital are just now of this trivial nature, perhaps the following little episode, which is working a revolution in the goldsmiths' shops there, may not be out of plane ; On oue occasion of Count de lgornY's being in company there a brilliant breast-pin tha' he wore became the object of much observation and admiration. At length a lady of sufficiently high rank to admit of her doing so made some remark on its beauty, in accordance with which he drew it from the breast of his shirt and handed it to her admiring inspection. When the admiration was about exhausted he observed that what con ferred value on the ornament in his eyes was hid from the view of others in an almost invisible cap sule ; on his opening this capsule an exquisite mi mature of the Empress Eugenie became visible. Ever since that evening all the goldsmiths and jewellers of St. Petersburg have been overrun with orders for capsules to be fitted to rings and breast pins. Unfortunately for the satisfaction of all par ties, the art of painting is somewhat behindhand in Russia ; and it is presumed, therefore, that Count de Morny will receive a very wholesale request to get over an ample supply of Eugenie portraits from Paris. THE PRINCIPALITIES. A letter, dated Paris, Sunday, says :—The satf faction with which the nomination of Prince Aloc ander Ghika as temporary ruler of Wallachia wag received in that Principality was doubtless some what heightened by the removal of the fears that had been entertained lest the powers of the much detested Stirbey should be prolonged ; but it was by no means exclusively due to the relief from pain ful apprehensions. Without affirming that the Porte might not have made a more popular selec tion, I believe that of Prince Ghika to have been agreeable to the majority. There was not a very great choice of candidates fitted for the post, an d the one chosen is esteemed for his kind heart, h is integrity, and his good intentions. Those who ob jected to him did not deny these qualities, but they maintained that he had two faults, which not un frequently wait upon old age—namely, timidi t y' and obstinacy. They could not doubt his good-will and sincere desire to apply remedies to the wounds inflicted upon the province by the oppressive and corrupt administration of his predecessor, but they feared lest his energy and decision should not keep pace with his honest desires. Letters from Bucha rest, with dates down to the 20th inst., seem to prove that these apprehensions were not alto gether ill-founded. While rendering full justice to the good intentions that animate the Prince, they describe the general regret that is felt that he either fears or knows not how to take a step in anY direction, but strictly limits himself to the main tenance of the status quo. The question of the freedom of the press is one in which Prince Alexander might advantageously exercise the powers with which he is invested. Under Prince Stirbey there was no press ; the two or three insignificant papers that appeared were entirely under Government control, and their con tents were wholly uninteresting. Applications for permission to found other journals were invariably negatived. As soon as the appointment of Prince Alexander Ghika gave hopes of a more just and liberal regime, an application was made by the editors of La Patrie, a newspaper suppressed by Prince Stirbey, for permission to recommence pub lication, and another was sent in for leave to found a journal to be called The Union. Both were re fused. The reply was, that such permission could not be granted before the arrival of the Commis sioners, but, by way of concession, the liaimakall said he should not impede the discussion of politi cal and social questions, verbally and in manu script documents. To explain and excuse his cautious and station ary attitude, and to try to ward off the reproaches of his countrymen, who hoped better from him, Prince Ghika puts forward the plea t hat, his Go vernment being only provisional, he should not be justified in making any change previously to the arrival of the Commissioners. " The Ministerial party in Piedmont," says the Courrier des Alpes, " is employing all the means at its disposal to animate the national subscription for the 100 cannons. But the Mazzini party has commenced a dangerous rivalry :—the Italicto 6 Populo of Genoa, an organ of Mazzini, open another national subscription for the purchase of ton thousand muskets, destined to reward and to support the efforts of the first Italian province which rises against the common enemy." A letter from Naples, in the Corriere lifereitatile of Genoa, states that a Muratist proclamation is being spread all over the country with great secrecy and activity. Accounts from Constantinople of the 21st ult. state that Admiral Lyons would not quit the Bos phorus until the Russians had completely evacu ated Turkey. Admiral Stewart was still cruising in the Black Sea. The Commissioners appointed, by Russia to settle th e f ron ti ers o f A s i a h a d arrival, at Tiflis. AMERICA. The political intelligence from the United State! which reached England by the mail delivered yes terday is of the highest interest. The Senate and House of Representatives at Washington were openly at issue during the last few hours of the vs' sion on a point arising out of the slavery question• and the members have dispersed leaving some of the most important supplies unvoted. The House of Representatives refused to pass the Annual Appropriation Bill for the support of the army, unless the senate would consent to engraft upon it a proviso that no part of the money should be applied to the enforcement of the laws enacted by the legislature of Kansas. This resolution caused the loss of the entire bill, and Congress closed its session without making any provision for the sup port of the army. We have to-day no army (says the /few York Journal of Commerce) ; or, which is the same thing, no means of supporting it. With an overflowing treasury, we have not the means of paying a cor poral's guard, unless, perchance, there remains un expended a remnant of the appropriation of last year. The Washington Union declares that " the revolution has begun." The Intelligencer says :—" Such an event is with' out precedent in our annals." The limitation on which the house insisted wall th us worded : Provided, however, and it is hereby declared that e° part of the military force of the United States for the support of which appropriations are made by this 5 6 shall be employed in aid of the enforcement of any eIP actment of the body claiming to be the territorial lee' iature of Kansas, until such enactments shall have bee° affirmed and approved by Congress ; but this provis°, shalt not be so const r u e d as t o p reven t th e P resi dent from employing an a deq ua t e m ilit ar y f orce ; b u t it shall be his duty to employ such force to prevent the invasion of said territory by armed bands of non-residents, or all body of non-residents, acting or claiming to act an a posse comitatus of any officer in said territory in the ea' forcement of any such enactment, and to protect the Per sons and prcperty therein, and upon the national high' ways leading to said territory, from all unlawful searcher; and seizures ; and it shall be his further duty to tali° efficient measures to compel the return of and withhold all arms of the United States distributed in or to said territory in pursuance of any law of the United Staten authorising the distribution of arms to the states ! ,nd territories. Intelligence from Kansas, which we publish further on, may have had some influence in deter; mining the decision of the house, but the events ° I the last six months have supplied abundant reasons for a similar resolve. The President has power to call an extra session of Congress, so that its mem bers may adopt such remedies as the exigencies Of the case demand. This power he has promptly exercised, and, by the following proclamation, Con gress has been convoked in an extra session, to commence on the 21st of August, that is three days after the close of the late session : BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. A PROCLAMATION. Whereas, while hostilities exist with various Indian tribes on the remote frontiers of the United States, end whilst in other respects the public peace is seriously threatened, Congress has adjourned without granting the necessary supplies for the army, depriving the executive of the power to perform his duty in relation to the cool• mon defence and security, and as an extraordinary occa• sion has thus arisen for assembling the two Houses o mgress, I do, therefore, by this proclamation, convene the said houses, to meet at the capital, in the City of Washington, on Thursday, the 21st of August, inE 4 't hereby requiring the respective senators and represen• tatives then and there to assemble to consult and deter mine on such measures as the state of the Union oil seem to require. In testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed, and signed the same with my hand. Dune at the City of f Washington, the 18th day of August, in the year o our Lord, 185 G, and of the independence of the United States the 31st. FRANKLIN PIEBOL By order, W. L. Manor, Sea. of State. SUSPENSION OF A LIVERPOOL num.—We regret to, announce the suspension of the Liverpool firma of Messrs. M'Larty and Co., and Lamont, M'Larty, and Co., with liabilities to the extent of nearly 100,0004. Their losses in the Australian trade and in their Italian steamers have been the cause of their stoppage. Con' sidering the valuable services the mercantil e s team flee" rendered to the country in the recent war, it is indeed s source of regret that any firm should be compe lled to suspend pay went from losses occ as i one d by th e working of a portion of the screw steam mercantile marine. DI the Australian trade it is known that many and serious losses have occurred, ye t t o t hi s very tra d e we are to' debted for the large imports of gold now coming tor ward monthly from these colonies, to the great adi!!! tage of the country at large.—Liverpool Albion. MC The firmly, A.meric on Fri , Th e ga , compri, ; 71d. • 1,000 is. to Was qu . Saturdi Acco tiations sctivel3 represa difficult of this the cap time St bet. and - apectivt years. Omni trade r( Which E any lai eaceptii rye hay continu holders of the p of busin and buy demand Wool s . Trade taint's State of and the harvest the hold be repot There coolmod of Engla but no rates re °Pcratio capital, continue c owman toerci a i trad e, as rear, w i; e aall may It econantc The a larg e 8 , Pres s i ng The trap a PPearan tive. at one Exi and the Cents. h 94 In the ktion to ] 6 Per C e Per c en i Cent s . a 1 0 3 , and 'nave bee butoh 4 The fo' Stocks:- 22 i 23 Por tugu( Cents., 1 aish g pe ditto Cer There 'which a ' l ightly 1111 e firm s outh-EE tatiler lo tuating 24 • Gi *hares ai Forei g b ut firm. Bankil Ott o/ban howeyer, lulfavour and 24. being fin ll ltizsn Sto ncNl Per o i I Per c en t _"/ 3 per " n tit' Awn Ditto 3' Ditto 30 4 4 11 4 Stocl ludia Bow u 0) adole 103 Xl.theqt 4000 13560 Rtnall Ditto B, bitto. 1 PRIG L3razilian ile zioan 3 Ditto Al ,srerttvion 1 nasiau 11( Ditto 4,4 isll"(linian 4Thist B Ditt o tt 4 iv, Ditto A, •uqriti t h Ditto Sn I )itto Ditto A, FsWedlsh 13 batch Er Ditto 4 Dino Ai Cons( Ditto