The Sun. — London, England, 1856-08-19 00:00:00

n the wheat Barr y and short B. 8. 5 31 4 46 2 49 3 50 4 45 40 0 42 VI 39 r Nam ion is ormer I high 80s ; beam . peso, Iceivei from h sold ►nd 6d '"~ : p lc A. i. _. i to in" Sstnr• )n and a, 981 8 onisoo , Easters —Great doing we° -kohire, , x doing price.. .3 103 —Giont 3.7.6.- -- iellield, w do is 'esklT vice 00 'nc3rogii of i'Ld • it 19w tiG 21 ith , *or 6th. 6th ncerthi. ith of 1 0 9tb h 8, vlot a.Th.SA t. and 1 6 . and g: and and 17 2 4 _., nice d" wicedoi 1, 242' And 16 ally t of In' ally ;th and 2 1 ~116 29 and 16 li, 10 h A 0 21 t t and 16 week'," t k i 6 'eekli s 1610°° Dic.:l ui d 16 .....----"' 11 be dr nail (' l O :bed OA wentl' the or umber Ilitical , ngreoo. ........... , w ife Of ;ardent Henry S ti ck David 7 , the Chart• 'homes a l s , to Heath id late Hack; ra te ol %8.5., , mail i, agent Id eriolf n, and Mar/ nestbr al Vi• , 5401 uNG , 4 l'it" Gala ?VTR. ALBERT SMITH'S DIONT ETA ' HOLLANO, UP the RHINE, and PARIS, is NOW OPEN EVERY EVENING (except Slat.rdav at $4 .. , 'ciock. Sral:s (which can be taken from a plan at the box office, every day between eleven and four, without any extra charge), 35.: area, 2€ ; gallery, Is. The Mornlng Representations take place every Tuesday, Thum day. and Saturday, gr Three o'clock.--1 gyntian Hall, Piccadilly. MONTT BLANC will Close for the season on Sat , Way eveniog Ang. 30th. I)R. KAHN'S ANATOMICAL MUSEUM, 4, Coventry-street, Leicester-square.—Open (for Gentlemen only) from 10 till 10, containing upwards of one thousand models sod preparations, Illustrating every part of the human frame in health and disease, the race of men, &c. Lectures delivered at 12, ?, and half-past 7, by Dr. G. SEXTON, F.R.G.S. ; and a new and highly-Interesting series of Lectures is now in course of delivery by lir. Kautz, at 4 p.m. precisely. Admission, One -hilling. LAST WEEI IN LONDON. 7TR. S. ‘v()o.6lN 7 § afo3f ODDITIES. 11 TO-NIGHT and every evening, at 8. — The above entertaln ment has received novel additions, Vocal and Visual, Including a New Loco-Joko-Motire Lyric , ntltied OFF BY THE rit Xlv, illustrated by numerous changes, facial, lingual, and cor,oreal. Mr. W. S. Woo,:in as Mrs. Florence, in the " Yankee Girl," with the songs of " Bobbing around," and "Polly, won't you try me, oh !"—Poly;raphic-hall, King William-street, Charing-cross. ROYAL SURREY GARDENS.-JULLIEN'S CONIERTS —LAST WEEK of the ZOL'AV EA.—Madame RUDERsDORFF. Programme for THIS EVENING (TUES DAY) : —Overture, Zampa, Herold; Quadrille, The Horton Qua drille, Jullien; Symphony, Andante con moti, from the Italian Symphony, Mendelssohn (as performed ox the M+-ndelscohn night); Scotch song. John Anderson my .To, hiss Kate Ranoe ; Valse, from Lucrezia Borgia, Jullien; Aria, Robert, toi qua j'aime, Meyerbeor, Madame Itudersdorff; Polka, The Pelssier, lrAlhert ; Duo, French horns, Kaliiwoda. Herrn Stoeckel; Quadrille, Zouaves, Jullien. Part If. Selection, Il Trovatore, Verdi ; Aria, Prendi per me, De Reriot, Madame Rudersdorff ; Polonaise de Reception, Jullien (composed for and performed at the Court balls at Bucking ham Palace); Fantasia, ophicleide, from Lo Prophete, Meyerbeer, Signor Cola Santi ; Varsovienne, The Warsaw, Jullien. d mission Is. seats in the music hall and firework balcony (including admission to gardens), 2s. 6d., may be secured at the Gardens, and at Jullien and Co.'s, 314, Regeutilbtreet. ROYAL SURREY GARDENS.-JIJLLIEN'S CONCERTS EVERY EVENING—GRAND MORNING CONCERT on .ATIIRDAY, August 23. —lt having been represented to the Directors that a large number of influential families resident within railway distance are unable to avail themselves of - the attrac tions of the Gardens, on account of the early departure of the trains, It is respectfully announced that a GRAND MORNING CONCERT will take plate on SATURDAY, August 23, in which all the most successful pieces performed since the commencement of M. Jullien's Concerts will be introduced. Concert at 2 o'clock. Admission, is. Private tlowes, to admitsix persons, 1/. is., to be had at the Gardens, and at Jullien and Co.'s, 214, Regent-street. ROYAL SURREY GARDENS.-JULLIEN'S C)NCF.RI' 4 . MOZART Co MEMOS AT I 0 N.,,A GRAND SELECTION of the worts of this illustrious composer wilt be given early in September, to commemorate the 100th Anniversary of his Birth. -R OYAL GARDENS, CREMORNE.—Great Gala Week.—Monday, Tuesday, and Wctinesd , y, August 18, 19, and 20.—Three days' Fete for the Royal Thames National Regatta and Presentation of Prizes by the Lord Mayor or Sheriffs, amounting to 6501., which will take place on the evening of Wednes day next, and for which great preparations are making In the Royal Cifentl. Also, Tuesday and Wednesday next, a Grand N oily hock and Dahlia Show, which will be hid in the C lossal Pavilion, Ashburn ham-park, adjoining Cremorne, to which visitors to the Gardens will be entitled to attend and witness a floral display of unpr cedented beauty and variety, free of charge. Thursday next, August 21st, Great Illuminative Gala and Balloon Ascent. Friday and Saturday, .August 22 and '23, Monstre Terpsichorean D'splays and Fireworks by Chevalier Mortram. Every evening, the new Fairy Ballet entitled, The Tine Dressers of Como. Open Sunday for promenade. Table d'llote at 6,2 s. id.; Hie haunch of venison. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. EXCURSION to Birmingham, West Bromwich, Wednes bury, Bilston, Wolverhampton, Wellington, Shrewsbury, Oswestry, Llangollen-road, Wrexham, Chester, Illrkanhead, and Liverpool.— A train will leave Paddington on Saturdays, August 23, at $ a.m., returning either on 30th August or 6th e-epternber, from Liverpool (landing stage) at 8 a.m., and intermediate stations as per hand-bills. Fares: —Birmingham, 20s. and 9s. 6d. ; West Bromwich, Wednesbury, and Bilston, 21s. 6d. and 10s.; Wolverhampton, 225. 6d. and lOs 6(1., Wellington and Shrewsbury, 275. 6d. and 13s. ; Oswestry, Llangollen road, Wrexham, and Chester, 335. and 155.; Birkenhead and Liver pool. 375. and 17s. Tickets not transferable, and only available for the trains specified. Children under 12, half price. CANTERBURY HALL, Westminster-road. —OPEN' EVERY EVENING —The celebrated HUNGA RIAN BAND, under the direction of Herr Ker.ozor, will perform every Evening at 9 and 11 o'clock, In addition to the usual Vocal Entertainment The following company of talented Vocalists are permanently engaged for the performance of Selections from all the Popular Operas, Madrigals, Choruses, Duets, &c., viz. i-14rs. J. Caulfield, Mise Brunel, Miss Sommers, and 'Vies Pearce ; Sam Cowell, Mr. J. Caulfield, Herr F. Jonghmans S. Jones, T. Farrant, W. Melling, Barker, Russell Grover, and P. Corrie ; Masters E. Con nell, Austin, and Bennett , and Mr. T. Hackney. Pianoforte. Mr. 3. Harroway, R.A. , harmonium, J. Caulfield, jun. ; director, Mr. J. Caulfield. Commence at seven o'clock precisely. Suppers, &c., until twelve o'clock. METROPOLITAN COUNTIES and GENERAL LIFE ASSURINCE SOCIETY, 27, Regent- Street, Waterloo-place, London. Caoital, 100,0001. Taus'rues. Rt. Hn.Spencer H. Walpole,M.P. I Richard Spooner, Esq., M P. Henry Peer Fuller, Esq. E. Vansittart Neale, Esq. Life Assurance business transacted in all its branches. N.B. The bonus declared the last division of profits averaged 33 per cent. on all the premiums paid. F. FERGUSON CAMROITX, Manager. NEW SYSTEM OF LIFE ASSURANCE. THE DIRECTORS of the NATIONAL ASSURANCE and INVESTMENT ASSOCIA FION invite attention to the New System of Life Assurance exclusively ad'ipted by this Association, viz., that of allowing Interest on all Premiums Paid, instead of the remote and uncertain system of Bonuses usu dly adopted. By this plan the Policyholder will secure to himself a constantly increasing annual income during life, as well as the payment of the attm assured to his representatives at his death. Tables of Rates specially adapted to this system of Assurance may be obtained at the °lace of the Company, 3, Pa 1-mall East, or for warded free on application. PETER MORRISON, Managing Director. SUN LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, LONDON. Policies effected with this Society now will PARTICIPATE IN PO UR -FIFTHS, or SO per cent., of the Net Profits of the Society, according to the conditions contained in the Society's Prospectus. The Premiums required by this Society for insuring Young Lives are lower than in many other obl-established offices, and Insurers are fully protected from all risk by an ample guarantee fund, in addition to the accumulated funds derived from the investments of Premiums. Policy stamps paid by the Office. Prospectuses may be obtained at the Office in Threadneedle street, Louilon. or of any of the Agents of the Society. CHARLES HENRY LID DERDALE, Actuary. G ENERAL STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY. Incorporated by Act of Parliament. 71, Lombard-street, London. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That the HALF:TEARLT GENERAL MEETING of the Proprietors of this Company will be keld at the Company's Office, 71. Lombard-street, on T LIE -;DAY the 2iith instant, at Two o'Clock precisely, pursuant to Act of Perils meat, to transact the usual business, and to declare the Dividend for the half-year ending the 30th June, 1855. MARTIN PRATT, Secretary. London, Angust 1, 1856. MR. HOWARD, Surgeon-Dentist, 52, Fleet- AL street, has introduced an entirely new description of ARTI FICIAL TEETH.fixed without springs, wires, or ligatures. They so perfectly resemble the natural teeth as not to be distinguished from the original by the closest observer; they will never change colour or decay, and will be found very superior to any teeth ever before used. This method does not require the extraction of roots, or any painful operation, and will support and preserve teeth that aro loose, and is Ruaranteed to restore articulation and mastication. Decayed teeth rendered sound and useful in mastication.-52, Fleet-street. At home from ten till five. GREY HAIR RESTORED to its ORIGINAL COLOUR with ease, safety, and certainty, by the PATENT GALVANIC COMBS and BRUSHE4, which are als , an unfailing remedy for nervous headache and all neuralgic affections. Illus trated pamphlets," Why Hair becomes Grey, and its Remedy," gratis, or by post for four stamps. NeuValgia, and all Rheumatic affections are perfectly eradicated by the Patent Galvanic Flesh Brushes, the Most safe, -imnle, and efficient galvanic instruments extant : patro nised by the faculty. (Maces : —F. M. HERRING, 32, Basing ball. street. Agents :—Child, South Gallery, Crystal Palace ; Savory and Moore ; Atkinson. 21, Old Bond-street ; Godfrey and Cooke, Conduit. street; Hendtie, 12, TiOtborne-street ; Twinberrow, 2, Edwards street, Portman•equare ; Saunders, 315 B, Winter, 205, and Kennedy, 166, Oxford-street ; Rosy, 119, Bishopsgate-street ; Rimmell, Ger rard-street, Soho; Worn. 17, Dawson-street, and Birch, 1, Moles- Worth-street, Dublin. Sold by all chemists and perfumers of repute 21 20 MILNERS' HOLDFAST an d FIRE RESISTING S kFE.3 (non-conducting and vapour:sing) all the improvements, under their Quadruple l'atents of 18 40.51-54 and 1.55, inc'uding their Gunpowder Proof Solid Lock and Door (without which no Safe is secure. TOE STRONGEST, BEST, AND CHEAPEST SAFEGUARD EXTANT. MILYEBS' PIRENIX (2 2') SAFE WORKS, LIVEItI'OOI,, the Most complete an extensive in the world. Show-rooms, 6 and 8, Lord -street, Liverpool. LONDON DEPOT, 47A, MOORGATE STREET, City. Circulars tree by post. APPETITE, ANI) DIGESTION IMPROVED. LEA and PERRINS' WORCESTERSHIRE' SAUCE imparts the most exquisite relish to Steaks, Chops, and all Roast Meat Gravies, Fish, Game, Soup, Curries, and Salad, and by its tonic and Invigorating properties enables the stomach to Perfectly digest the food. The daily useof this aromatic and delicious Sauce is the best safe guard to health. Sold by the proprietors, Lea and Perrins, 19, Fenchurch-street, London, and 68, Broad-street, Worcester also by Messrs. Barclay and Sons, Messrs, Crosse and Blackwell, and other oilmen and mer chants, London ; and generally by the principal dealers in sauce. N.B.—To guard against imttaiioes, soo that the names of "LEA flnd PERRINS" are upon the label and patent cap of the bottle. V OURISTS and TRAVELLERS exposed to .IL. the scorching rays of the sun, and heated particles of dust will find ROWLANDS' KAT. A YDOR a most refreshing preparation for the ' Complexion, dispelling the cloud of languor and re'axation, allaying all heat and irri , ability, and Immediately affording the pleasing sensation attending rebtored elasticity and healthful state of the skin. Freckles, Tan, Spots, Pimples, Flushes, and Discoloration fly before its application, and give place to delicate clearness with the glow of beauty ant of bloom. In cases of sunburn or r tings of inseCts its virtues have long been acknowledged. • Price 4s. Gd. and Bs. 6d, per bottle. ROWLANDS' MACASBAR OIL. A delightfully fragrant and transparent preparation, and, as an invigorator and purifier, beyond all precedent. The Prices are 3s. 6d., 75., family bottles (equal to four small), 10s. 6d., and double that size, 21s. ROWLANDS' ODONTO, or Pearl Dentifrice, compounded of the rarest and most fragrant exotics. It bestows on the Teeth a pearl-like whiteness, frees them from tartar, and imparts to the gums a healthy firmness, and to the breath a grateful sweetness and purity. Price 23. Pd. per box. Sold by A. Rowland and Sons, 20, Hatton-garden, London, and by Chemists and Perfumers. A NEW AND IMPORTANT DISCOVERY IN THE SCIENCE OF MEDICINE. Patent Of Seal of Great Britain. Diplome d'Ecole de Pharmacie Pharmacien de l'aris. Imperial College of Medicine, Vienna. TRIE MAR No. I, 2, and 3, prepared in the. form of a lozenge devoid of taste or smell, and can be carried in th, waistcoat pocket Sold in tin caves, divided into separate doses, as administered by vaipeau, Lallemand, Roux, Rlcord, &c., &c. TRIESEMAR No. 1 is a Remedy for RE LAXATION, s PERMATORRTICE A., and all the distressing consequences arising from early abuse, indiscriminate excesses, or too long residence in hot climates. It has restored bodily and sexual Etrength and vigour to thousands of ,'ebilitated individuals who are now in the enjoyment of health and the Functions of Manhood; and whatever may he the cause for DISQUALIFICATIONS for MAR RIAGE, they are effectually subdued by this Wonderful Discovery! TRIESEMAR No. 11., effectually, in the short spAce of three days, completely and entirely eradicates all traces of Gonorrhoea, both in its nubd and aggravated forms Meets, Strictures, Irritation of the Bladder. lion-retention of Urine, Pains of the Loins and Kidneys, and those disorders which Copaivi and Cubebs have so long been thotwht an antidote for, to the rain of the health of a vast portion of the yopulation. TIZIE - SEMAII No. 'III., ts the great Continental Itelmdv for Syphilis and Secondary Symp toms. It also comtitutes a certain cure for Scurvy, Scrotu!a. and all Cutaneous Eruptions, removing and expelling in its course all corrup tions and impurities from the vital stream, as Altogether to eradicate the virus of disease, and expel' it with the insensible perspiration through the medium of the pores of the skin and urine, anti is a never-failing remedy for that clans of disorders which unfortunately the English Physician treats with Mercury, to the inevitable dustruc tion of the patient's constitution, and which all the saraparilla in the world cannot restore. Price II s., or four cases in one for 33 , .. which saves lig:, and in 5/. ewes, whereby there is a saving of 11. 12s. To be had wholesale and retail in London, of Johnson, 68, Cornhill ; Hannay and Co., f;3, Ox ford-street ; Sanger, 150, Oxford •street ; 11. 11. Ingham, druzglst, Market-street, Manchester; H. Bradbury, bootseller, Deansgato, Bolton • J. Priestly, chemist, 51, Lord. street, L i verpool ; Foy: ell, bookseller, 15, Westmoreland-street, Dublin; W.nnali, bookseller, atillltnet,l3lrminghana. LONDON and NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. OURISTS' TICKETS, ISSUED UNTIL THE 15TH OCTOBER. NORTH WALES. Tickets, available for THREE WEEK* enabling the holder to atop at Rhyl, Conway, Bangor, Caernazvon, and Holyhead, either vninz nr returning. re issuod at the following fares by ths through trains. The First-class Tickets are available by any train, and the Second by such trains as have second-class carriages attached. Ist Class. 2d Class. Londaa to Holyhead and back• • .... £3 10 0 .... £2 10 0 Ox ford Ito ditto and back...• 210 0 .... 115 0 Peterborough Birmingham to ditto and back...... 2 0 0 ..•. 110 0 Wolverhampton to ditto and back.... 115 0 ...• 1 7 0 ro via LAKES OF WESTVIORELAND AND CIINIBERTAND. Tickets, available for THREE WEEKS, to the above Lakes, are •sued at the following Fares by the through Trains. The First lass Tickets are available by any train, and the Second by such rains as have second-class carriages attached let Class. 2d Class. London to Windermere and back £3 10 0 .... £2 10 0 oxford Peterborough } to ditto and back 215 0 .... 0 0 Birmingham to ditto and back 2 5 0 .... 1 15 0 Wolverhampton ........ •• •• To TnE FAVOURITE LANCASHIRE WATERING PLACES, LYMAN!, BLACKPOOL, FLEETWOOD, OR SOUTIIPORT. Tickets, available for THRE t. WEEKS, are issued by the ordinary trains of the Company. The First-Class are available by any train, and the Second by such as have second-class carria;es attached. ..... Ist Class. 2d Class. From London •• •• •• ..•....• £3 0 0 ..•• £2 5 0 „ Oxford „ Peterborough 1 „ Birmingham 1 Wolverhampton 1 15 0 .... 1 8 0 5 From Fleetwood Royal Mail Steamer sails every evening (Sunday excepted) for Belfast, and Weekly Excursion Tickets are issued at the Steam Packet Office for Belfast, Armagh. the Giant's Causeway, and back. (s. 0 . 20,020.) PUBLICATIONS. Second Edition, In 2 vols., with Illustrations, 215., bound. EASTERNHOSPITALS a n d ENGLISH NunAEs: The Narrative of Twelve Months' Experience in the hospitals of Koultili and Scutari. By a LADY VOLUNTEER. From the Times.—" A. i.reduction which, not only In the subject matter, but in its treatment, is filled with the purest and best evi dences of womanly tenderness. Eastern hospitals and English Nurses' will no doubt command a good circulation." Rust and Blackett, Publishers, 13, Great Marlboroun-street. CHEAPEST AND BEST FRENCH PHRASE BOOK. This day is published, ►HE TOURISTS' SHILLING MADE MECUM : A Conversation Rook, in Fr,nch and L• ngliah. on a new and complete plan, by which eve , ything essential is com prised in a clearly printed ,volume, of a size for the waistcoat poc et or reticule, and neatly done up ; price only One Shilling - . It includes, besides a map, all necessary information Ito Routes, Hotels, Money, &c. London: Lambert and Co., 462, New Oxford-street. Amiens: Caron and Lambert; and sold at all Railways and Sea-coast Towns. Also, jmt issued by the same Publishers, Mrs. S. C. HALL'S celebrated " I'OrULAR TALES," a hook of amusement for Steam or Rail. 6th thousand. 2s. The Third Edition. Just Published, price 55., by post, free., ss. 6d., (' TRUE FALSE SPERIVIATORRII(EA, with the View of distinguishing the Imaginary from the Real sufferers under this disease, and Correcting of wide-spread Errors in relation to their Treatment and Care. Translated from :.he German of Dr. PICRFORD. " Dr. Picktord to known to English readers by his frequent 'erect, al contribution:: to German medical literature. This Is the first :ime, he informs us, that he has addressed himself to the rion-medi ,al reader. We trust this may not be the last, if he shall detect any )then equally flagrant evil which It may be in his p3wer to cor rect."—London Medical Gazette. " The tribe of Quiet Sympathisers,' and 'Medical Friands,' are mercilessly exposed; and if this hoot cold rind its way into the hands of those who suffer from the corn• daint of which it treats, we are satisfied that imany hundreds would .3 saved much needless suffering of body and mind, and what is 01 ass importance, though it Is that which the qUacira most prism— nuch money ......This volumeja well quatitied to pat an end to ttv mndrical system of treating Sperrnatorrhoea, and to place the treat ~e nt upon a more rational and physiological basis. It is, therefore •Ikelyjto do much good."--Medical Circular. .onion: 11. riatuero, 21!), itegont-street. LONDON and NORTH-WESTERN and MIDLAND' RAILWAYS.—YORK RACE i.—On WEDNES DAY, THURSDAY, and FarnAr, 20th. 21st, and 22d August.-1) t Y TICKETS, at Ordinary Fares, will be issued by all Trains from the Euston Station to York, on the 19th, 20th, 21st, and 22d, and will be available for return by all Trains on the 20th, 21st, 22d, and 23d August. By order. Easton Station, 12th August, 1856. ONDON and NORTH-WESTERN and ALA MIDLAND RAILWAYS.—A CHEAP EXCURSION TRAIN mill leave the Euston Station, London, on SATURDAY, 23d August, 1856, at 7 a.m., to Leicester. Nottingham, Derby, Sheffield, Lae4s, Bradford, York, and other Stations, at the following Fares : FIRES FOR THE DOUBLE JOURNEY. First Class. Covered Carriages s. d. s. d. Leicester Loughboro' l4 0 ..... •.• 7 0 Nottingham .. • • ...... Lincoln* Derby .. Cliestertleld Masborough •• .. •• • • Elleffiel4 ...... • • .. • • • • • , 15 0 Oakendiaw, for Wakefield Normanton .. •• • • ...... Leeds .... • • ........ 17 0 Bradford .... •• .. • • • • • • .... 11 6 * Passengers far Newark and • Lincoln will be conveyed to these places by First Ordinary Train, after the arrival of the Special Train at Nottingham. Returning MONDAY, 25th August, as under:— Leave York...—. • • .. 11.45 a.m. Leave Chesterfield 2.50 „ Bradford ••.. • • 11.40 „ „ Derby .. 4.20 „ „ Leeds •• • • .12.55 goon, „ Lincoln .. ...• —lO.lO a.m. „ Normanton 1.15 p.tri „ Newark .1 40 „ Oakenshaw .• .. 1.25 „ „ Nottingham.. • • 4.2) p.m. „ Sheffield .. •• .. 1.45 „ ~ Loughborough 5.5 o „ Masborough .• • 2.10 „ Leicester 5.43 Arriving in London about 10.15 p.m. Tickets not transferable, and available only to return by this Train. Passengers will only he allowed to take their personal lug - gage by these Trains, under their own charge, and that not exceeding 301bs in weight. Children under 12 years of age, half fares. By order. Easton Station, August, 1356. EXCURSIONS TO THE SEA. SIDE. Tickets, available for TWENTY-EIGHT areissued by the prdinary trains of the Company. The First-Cla,s arc available by any train, and the Second by such trains as ur haves o e i c t o b l y it , -clus ,car riages attached, to liarrogate, Scarborough, w BridEngdon. 1111 Z ROWGATE and Back, for each Passenger—First Class, Second CLass, 325. 6d. S'C NEBO ElOuGli and Back, for each Passenger—First Class, 51s. ; Second Class, 355. WHITBY and Back, for each Passenger—First Class, 51s. ; Se cond Class, 355. FILEY and Back, for each Passenger—First Class, 51s. ; Second Class, 355. BRIDLIN - GTON and Back, for each Passenger—First Class, , 51s • • Second Class, 355. These Tickets are not transferable, nor will they be available for the Return Journey unless they hays been endorsed at the Rooking• office of the Station on the day of returning. Passengers to all the above places, except Harrowgate, are at liberty to break the journey by remaining one night at York, either going or returning, IRISH TOURIST .TICKETS, A.vatable for ONE MONTH, will he issued at the following prices :- Ist Class. 2(1 Class. From London „ ........ £6 10 0 .... £5 5 0 ~ Oxford.. „ „ „ 515 0•• • • 415 0 „ Birmingham, Leamington, and Coventry ... 5 0 .... 45 0 And from the other principal stations at proportionate fares. These tickets (which in no case are transferable) will be available or One Month from the date of Issue. They will enable the holders to proceed to Chester, thence to Bangor, I folyhead, and Dublin, [rein Dublin to Cork, situate on the picturesque River Lee. and within ten miles of the celebrated Harbour, Dockyar I, and Naval Station of Queen s t own (C ove ) ; from Cork back to Mallow, and thence by the Killarney Junction Railway to the far-famed LAKES OF KILLARNEY. The Tourist can remain as long as convenient to himself at Chester, Bangor (for the inspection of the Britannia Tubular Bridge), Holy head, Dublin, Cork, and Killarney ; the only condition being, that his return to the Station at which he took his ticket must be not later than One Month from the date of his departure therefrom. Supplemental Tickets for CONNEMARA, GLENGARIFFE, the GIANT'S CAUSEWAY, and other places of interest, are issued at Reduced Fares to Visitors holding " Irish Tourist Tickets." General Manager's Office, Euston Station, June, 1356. EXTRAORDINARY CROP OF WHEAT.—Mr. Forster, of Withycombe, near Exmouth, exhibited on Friday, in the Exeter corn market, a sample of wheat estimated at from 55 to 60 bushels per acre. It was grown in not a very good soil, and was drilled at the rate of two pecks and a half to the acre. The ears of corn when growing were from 5 to 7 inches in length. EDITORIAL. COURTESY IN AMERICA.—One of the fa vourite arguments of the advocates of the duello is, that where the obligation of personal " satisfaction " is as knowledged it begets a decorum of manners and a courtesy of expression highly conducive to social refine ment and a chivalric tone of society. A remarkable exemplification of the effect of the duello is occasionally exhibited by our editorial brethren down South. Those chivalric papers of Richmond, Virginia, the Whig and the Enquirer, whose former editors fought one of the most savage duels a few years since that the history of duelling makes any mention of, are just now engaged in a war of blackguardism which must be closed by per sonal combat with some sharper instruments than the steel pen. Both of these papers have bestowed the highest encomiums upon Brooks for the assault upon Senator Sumner. The Enquirer recently alluded to the Whig in these highflown terms :—" The sheepish spirit of a stricken conscienc e is betrayed in every word and syllable of the paragraph. Its clisgrnAieg egotism and vulgar taste are altogether worthy of the writer's repu• Cation. A. man who scribbles under tho habitual in spiration of refuse whisky, whose daily contributions t(, the public press consist of the lees of last night's revel whose grammar would condem n him to the foot' of the class in an old field schoolhouse ; whose literature is limited to a familar acquaintance with the labels on the brandy bottles—be to talk of editing a decent newspaper! This, indeed, is 'sublime impudence.' Beaten in argu treat, convicted of every sort of inconsisteeny and self stultification, driven into a corner and pinioned there beyond the power of escape, the editor of the Wh'g has our permission to ind u l g e his low-horn instincts in low nvieu ai fl u ng bravado.'' Of course the Wi t i y replies in a simili• Ear vigour s possibly , to which its antago n i s t rejoins with increasedg, and bitterness. Anything, worse than this could be exhibited, even where personal satisfac tion is never demanded nor given. 7 ,l\Tm y or k Timesh t........) . .4: . t " 4 4 . 4 4: 4- ` , , '''r. A ', :•' ,R ~ . . • I .. • 41: 4 t - , 7,1,14"rr , , , 4 ,401 z Ei t 4 / L .114,0) t !,, 1,3 < - "'JP- 472 DROITA . 0 r /// _, ~/ ,w,TDoN, rUESDAY EVENING„ AUGUST 19, 1856. THE UNITED STATES AND TUE CONGRESS OP PARIS. Department of State, Washington, July 28, 1856. The Count de Sartiges, &c., &e., &c. The undersigned, Secretary of State of the United States, has laid before the President " The Declaration concerning Maritime Law," adopted by the Plenipo tentiaries of Great Britain, Austria, France, Prussia, Russia, Sardinia, and Turkey, at Paris, on the 16th of April, 1856, which the Count de Sartiges, Envoy Extra ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of France, has presented in behalf of the Emperor of the French to the Government of the United States, for the purpose of ob taining its adhesion to the principles therein contained. Nearly two years since the President submitted, not only to the Powers represented in the late Congress at Paris, but to all other maritime nations, the second and third propositions contained in that " Declaration," and asked their assent to them as permanent principles of international law. The propositions thus submitted by the President were— "l. That free ships make free goods—that is to say, that the effects or goods belonging to subjects or citizens of a Power or State at war are free from capture and confiscation when found on board of neutral vessels, with the exception of articles contraband of war ; "2. That the property of neutrals on board an ene my's vessel is not subject to confiscation, unless the same he contraband of war." It will be perceived that these propositions are sub stantially tke same as Me second and third in the "De claration" of the Congress at Paris. Four of the Governments with which negotia tions were opened on the subject by the United States have signified their acceptance of the foregoing propo sitions. Others were inclined to defer acting on them until the return of peace should furnish a more aus picious time for considering such international questions. The proceeding of the Congress of the Plenipotentiaries at Paris will, as a necessary consequence, defeat the pending negotiations with the United States, if the two following propositions contained in Protocol No. 24 are acceded to : first, that the four principles shall be in divisible ; and, second, that the Powers which have signed or may accede to the " Declaration" shall not enter into any arrangement in regard to the application of the right of neutrals in time of war, which does not, at the same time, rest on the four principles which are the object of said "Declaration." As the indivisibility of the four principles and the limitation upon the sove reign attribute of negotiating with other Powers are not a part of the " Declaration," any nation is at liberty to reject either or both, and to act upon the " Declaration" without restriction, acceding to it in whole or in part. In deliberating on this important subject, it behoves all Powers to consider, and, if they think proper, to act upon this distinction. All the Powers which may ac cede to that " Declaration" and the subsequent restric tions contained in the 24th Protocol, will assume an ob ligation which takes from them the liberty of assenting to the propositions submitted to them by the United States, unless they at the same time surrender a prin ciple of maritime law which has never bee❑ contested— the right to employ privateers during time of war. The second and third principles set forth in the " De claration," being those submitted to other maritime Powers for adoption, by this Government, it is most anxious to sea incorporated by general consent, into the code of maritime law, arid thus placed beyond future controversy or question. Such a result, securing so many advantages to the commerce of neutral nations, might have been reasonably expected but for the pro ceedings of the Congress at Paris, which require them to be purchased by a too costly sacrifice—the surrender of a right which may well be considered as essential to the freedom of the seas. The fourth principle contained in the "Declaration," namely—" Blockades, in order to be binding, must be effective ; that is to say, maintained by a force sufficient really to prevent access to the coast of the enemy"— can hardly be regarded as one falling within that class with which it was the object of the Congress to inter tere ; for this rule has not, for a king time, been regarded as uncertain, or the can e of any "deplorable disputed." If there have been any dispiites in regard to blockades, the uncertainty was about the facts, but not the law. Phose nations which have resorted to what are appropri ately denominated " paper blockades," have rarely, if ever, undertaken afterwards to justify their conduct upon principle; but have generally admitted the illega lity of the practice, and indemnified the injured parties. What is to be adjudged " a force sufficient really to pre vent access to a coast of the enemy" has often been a severely-contested question ; and certainly the declara tion which merely reiterates a general undisputed maxim of maritime law does nothing towards relieving the subject of blockade from that embarrassment. What force is requisite to constitute an effective blockade re mains as unsettled and as questionable as it was before the Congress at Paris adopted the "Declaration." I❑ regard to the right to employ privateers, which is declared to be abolished by the first principle put forth In the " Declaration," there was, if possible, less uncer tainty. The right to resort to privateers is as clear as the right to use public armed ships, and as incontestible as any other right appertaining to belligerents. The policy of that law has been occasionally questioned, not, irowever, by the best authorities ; but the law itself has been universally admitted, and most nations have not hesitated to avail themselves of it ; it is as well sustained by practice and public opinion as any other to be fcuad in the maritime code. There is scarcely any rule of international law which particular nations in their treaties have not occa sionally suspended or modified in regard to its applica tion to themselves. Two treaties only can be found in which the contracting parties have agreed to abstain from the employment of privateers i❑ case of war be tween them. The first was a treaty between the King of Sweden and the States-General of the United Pro vinces, in 1615. Shortly after it was concluded the parties were involved in war, and the stipulation con cerning privateers was entirely disregarded by both. The second was the treaty of 1785, between the United States and the King of Prussia. When this treaty was renewed in 1799, the clause stipulating not to resort to privateering was omitted. For the last half century there bas been no arrangement, by treaty or otherwise, to abolish the right, until the recent proceed ings of the Plenipotentiaries at Paris. By taking the subject of privateering into considera tion that Congress has gone beyond is professed object, which was, as it is declared, to remove the uncertainty on points of maritime law, and thereby prevent " differ ences of opinion between neutrals and belligerents, and, consequently, serious difficulties and even conflicts." So far as the principle in regard to privateering is con cerned the proceedings of the Congress are in the nature of an act of legislation, and seek to change a well-settled principle of international law. The interest of commerce is deeply concerned in the establishment of the two principles which the United States had submitted to all maritime Powers, and it is much to be regretted that the Powers represented in the Congress at Paris fully approving them should have endangered their adoption by uniting them to another inadmissible principle, and making the failure of all the necessary consequence of the rejection of any one. To three of the four principles contained in the "Declara tion" there would not probab)r be a serious objection * [Translation.] ANNEX TO PROTOCOL No. 2'J.—DECLARATION. (Extract.) That the Plenipotentiaries assembled in Congress at Paris cannot better respond to the intentions by which their Governments aro animated than by seekinc , to intro duce into international relations fixed principles in this respect. The above-mentioned Plenipotentiaries being duly au thorised, resolved to concert among themselves as to the means of attaining this object; and having come to an agreement have adopted the following solemn Declara tion:- 1. Privateering is, and remains, abolished ; 2. The neutral flag covers enemy's goods, with the ex ception of contraband of war ; 3. Neutral goods, with the exception of contraband of war, are not liable to capture under enemy's flag ; 4. Blockades, in order to ho binding, m us t be effective, that is to say, maintained by a fore) sufficient really to prevent access to the coast of the enemy. [Translation.] PROTOCOL No. 21. SITTING OF APRIL 16, 1'56. (Extract.) On the proposition of C oun t •W a l ews ki , and recogni&ng that it is for the general interest to maintain the indivisi bility of the four principles in the Declaration signed thif , flay, the Plenipotentiaries agree that the Powers which shall have required, or which shall have acceded t( it, cannot hereafter enter into any arrangement in regard to the application of the right of neutrals in time of war, which does not at the same time rest on the four principle:. which aro the object of the said Declaration. Upon an observation made by the Plenipotentiaries of Russia, the Congress admits that as the present resolutiot cannot have any retroactive effect, it cannot invalidate an tecedeut contentious. from any quarter, but to.tbe other a vilsorou3 res'stance Must have been anticipated.. • The policy of the law which allows a resort to privateers has. been questioned for re, sot do net command the assent of thiS Governmenti,— Without entering into a fall disaussiOn on this point the undersigned will con front the ordinary and chiefrobjection to that, policy, by an authority which will' be regarded with profound respect, particularly in Fratice. In a commentary on the French Ordondince of 101, Vali n says : "However_ lawful and time-honoured this mode of warfare may be, it is, nevertheless, disapproved of by some pretended philosophers, According to their no tions, such is not the way iu which the State and the Sovereign are to be served ; 4 obilst the profits which in dividuals may derive from the pursuit are illicit, ,er at least disgraceful. But this is the language of bad citizens, who, under the stately mask of a spuriou'awisdoin, and of a ceaftily sensitive conscience, seek to mislead the judgment by a concsalineet Of the secret motive which gives birth to their indifference for the welfare and ad vantage of the State. Such are as worthy of blanos.,,as are those entitled to praise, who generously expose their property and their lives to the dangers of pfiva• tearing." In a Fork of much repute, published in France almost simultaneously with the proceedings' of the Congress at Paris, it is declared that—" The issuing of letters of marque, therefore, is a constantly customary belligerent act. Privateers are bona fide war-vessels, manned by arolunteerrytO Whom, hy way - Of .e , wart!, t 2 zeovereign xestsuieuch prizes as.they,lsnake, in %the same manner as he sometimes assigns to the land forces a portion of the 'war contributions levied on the conquered enemy."— (Pistoye et Duverdy, des Prises Maritimes.) It is not denied that annoyance to neutral commerce, and even abuses, have occasionally resulted from the practice of privateering ; such was the case formerly more than in recent times ; but when it is a question of changing a law, the incidental evi.a d►; ` be considered in connection with its benefits and advantages. If these benefits and advantages cal be obtained in any other way, without injury to other rights, these 'occasional abuses may then justify the change, however ancient or firmly established may be the law. The reasons which induced the Congress at Paris to declare privateering abolished are not stated, but they are presumed to be only such as are usually urged against the exercise of that belligerent right. The prevalence of Christianity and the of civilisation have greatly mitigated the severity of the ancient mode of prosecuting hostilities. War is now an affair of governments. "It is the public authority which makes and carries on war; individuals are npt permitted to take part in it, unless authorised to do so by their government." It is a generally received rule of modern' warfare, so far at least as operations upon land are con cerned, that the persons 'and effects of non-combatants are to be respected. The wanton pillage or uncompen sated appropriation of individl property by an army, even in possession of an enes country, is against the usage of modern times. Such a mode of proceeding at, this day would be condemned by the enlightened judg ment of the World, unless warranted by special eircrim stances. Every consideration which upholds this sen-. timent in regard to the conduct of a war on land favours the applicatien,of the same rule to the persons and pro perty of citizens of the belligerents found upon she ocean. It is fair to presume that the strong desire to ame liorate the severe usages of war by exempting private property upon the ocean fforn hostile seizure, to the extent it is usually exempted on land, was the chief in ducement which led to " the declaration" .by the Con gress at Paris, that "privateering is, and remains, abolished." The undersigned is directed by the President to say that to this principle of exempting private property upon the ocean, as well as upon the land, applied without re striction, he yields a most ready and willing assent. The undersigned cannot better express the President's v . ews upon the subject than by quoting the language tot his annual message to Congress, of Dep. 4, 1854:—. "The proposition to enter into engagements to forego a resort t.—privateers, in case this conntrr_shoutd be forced into a w ar w ith a great naval Power, not en titled to more favourable consideration than would be a proposition to agree not to accept the services of volunteers for operations on land. When the honour or tights of our country require it to assume a hostile attitude it confidently rents; upon the patriotism of its citizens, nut ordinarily devoted to the military profes sion, to augment the army and navy, so as to make them fully adequate to the emergency which calls them , into action. The proposal to surrender the right to em ploy privateers is professedly founded upon the prin ciple that private property of unoffending non-comba tants, though enemies, should be exempt from the ravages of war ; but the proposed surrender goes but little way in carrying out that principle, which equally requires that such private property should not be seized or molested by national ships of war. Should the lead. ing Powers of Europe concur in proposing, as a rule of international law, to exempt private property, upon the ocean, from seizure by public armed cruisers as well as by privateers, the United States will readily meet them upon that broad ground." The reasons in favour of the doctrine that private property should be exempted from seizure in the opera tions of war are considered in this enlightened age so controlling as to have secured its partial adoption lot all civilised nations; but it would be difficult to find any substantial reasons for the distinction now recognised in its application to such property on land, and not to that which is found upon the ocean. If it be the object of the declaration adopted at Paris to abolish this distinction, and to give the same security from the ravages of war to the property of belligerent subjects on the ocean as is now accorded to such pro perty upon the land, the Congress at Paris has fallen short of the proposed result, by not placing individual effects of belligerents beyond the reach of public armed ships as well as privateers. If such property is to remain ex po i sed to seizure, by ships belonging to the navy of the adverse party, it is extremely difficult to perceive why it should not, in like manner, be exposed to seizure by pri vateers, which are, in fact, but another branch of the public force of the nation commissioning them. If the principle of capturing private property on the ocean and condemning it as prize of war be given up, that property would, and of right ought to be, as secure from molestation by public armed vessels as by priva teers ; but if that principle be adhered to it would be worse than useless to attempt to confine the exercise of the right of capture to any particular description of the public force of the belligerents. There is no sound principle by which such a distinction can be sustained ; no capacity which could trace a definite line of separa tion proposed to be made, and no proper tribunal to which a disputed question on that subject could be re ferred fol. adjustment. The pretence that the distinction may be supported upon the ground that ships not be longing permanently to a regular navy are more likely to disregard the rights of centrals than those which do be long to such a navy is not well sustained by modern experience. If it be urged that a participation in the prizes is calculated to stimulate cupidity, that, as a pe culiar objection, is removed by the 'fact that the same passion is addressed by the distribution of prize -money among the officers and crews of ships of a regular navy. Every nation which antiorises privateers is as respon sible for their conduct as it is for that of its navy, and will, as a matter of prulence, take proper precaution and security against abuFes- But if such a distinction were to be attempted it would be very difficult, r not impracticable, to define the particular class of tht public maritime force which should be regarded as trivateers. " Deploiable Os pates," more in number'and mere difficult of adju-t• went, would arise from An attempt to discriminate be tween privateers and pubic artned ships. If such a discrimination were attempted, every na tion would have an undoulted right to declare what ves sels should constitute its ra-y, and what should be re quisite to give them the character of public armed ships. These are matters which ;ould not be safely or pre dently left to the determitation or supervisi,rt of a'iy foreign Power, yet the dicision of such coetrovert:es would naturally fall into tae 'hands of predominant naval Power), which would hay , the ability to eoforee their judgrnentS. It cannit 13 offsnsive to urge weal:cc Powers to avoid, as far asoomible, such an arbitrament, and to maintain with firuness every existing barrier against encroachments fron such a quarter. No nation which has a lue sense of self respect, will Wow any other, belligenut or neutral, to determine the character of the force which it may deem proper to r ose in prosecuting hostiliOs ; nor will it act wi6ely if it voluntarily surrenders the right to resort to any means, sanctioned by internationl law, which, under any vi Cumstances, may be advantaf,Teowly used for defence or aggression. The United States consider poWerful navies and large standing armies, as permanent establishments., to be de trienent'al to national prosperity and dangerous to civil liberty. The expinse of keeping them up is burdensome to the periple ; they are, in the opinion of this Govern ment, in some degree a menace to peace among patience A large force 'ever ready to be devoted to the purposes of war is a temptation to rush into it. The policy of the United States has ever been, and never more than now, adverse to such establishments ; and they Can never be brought to acquiesce in any change in interna tional law' which may render it necessary for them to maintain a -poeeerful nay.) , or large regular army in time of peace. If forced to vindicate their rights by arms, they arc dontent, in the present aspect of international relations, to'rely in military operations on 'land, mainly upon volunteer troops, and for the protection of their commerce in . no inconsiderable degree upon their mer- Cantile marine. If this country were deprived of these resoureesc it would be: obliged to change its policy and assume a military attitude before the world. In re• sitting an attempt to change tbd existing maritime law that, may produce such a result; it looks beyond its own interest; and embraces in its view the interest of all such nations as are not likely to be dominant naval Powers. Their situation in this respect is similar to ,tliat of the United States, and to them the protection of commerce and the maintenance of international relations of peace appeal as strongly as to this country, to with stand the proposed change in the settled law of nations. To such - nations the surrender of the right to resort to privateers wptild be attended' with consequences Most adverse to their commercial prosperity w ith ou t any compensating advantages. Most certainly no better reasons can be given for such a surrender tha n f or fore-' going the .right to receive the services of volanteere ; and the proposition to abencien the former is entitled, in the judgment of the President, to no more favour ',gean a similar proPositioia - in ralatiOn to the latter. Thine opi nion of .the importance_ of privateera to the Conareinnity of nations, excepting only those of great naval eltength, is not only vindicated by history, but sustainied by high authority., The following passage ie the treatise - on maritime prizes, to which I have before referred, deserves particular attention :.-- "Privateers are especially useful Ve those Powers whose navy is inferior to that of their enemies. Bel ligerents, with powerful and extensive naval arma ments, may cruise upon the seas with their national navies ; but should those state's, whose naval forces ore of less power.and extent, )J0 left to their own re sources, they could not hold. out in a maritime war ; whilst by the equipment of privateers they, may suc ceed in inflicting •uPen 01'9 enemy an ,injury equivalent to that which they thems elves sustain. Hence Govern ments have frequently been .known, by every possible appliance, to favour 'privateering .arenamenta. It has even occurred that Feovereigne, not merely satisfied with issuing letters of marque, have also taken, as it were, an interest in the armament. Thus . did Louis the Four teenth frequetelly feed out his Ships, and sometimes re serve for hitreseff a share in the prizes?' It certainly ought-not to excite the least surprise, that strong reaval Powers should be , willing to furego the practice, comparatively useless to them, of employing prieenteers upon condition that weaker Powers agree to part with their most effective means of defending their maritime rights. tt is, in the opinion of this Govern ment, to be seriously aPprehended that if the use of pri- Vetoers be abandoned the dominion over the seas will be rendered to those Powers which adopt the policy and have the means of keeping up large navies. 'The one which has a decided naval superiority would be poten tially the mistress of the *ocean, and by the abolition cf privateering that domination would be more firmly se cured. Such a Power engaged in a war with a nation 'inferior in naval strength would hale nothing to do for the security and protection of ,its commerce but to look aftei• the &bilis of the regular navy of its enemy. These might be held in check by One-hall', or less, of its naval force, and the other .. iniOt sweep the cernmerce of its enemy from tke:ocean. Nor would the injarions effects of a vast n n vat superiority to weaker States be mucji di minished, if that superiority was stiaa-cd .aicnig three or four groat Powers. It is unquestionably the interest of such weaker States to discountenance and resist a mea sure which fosters the growth of regular naval esta blishments. In discussing the effect of the proposed measure.. the abolition of privateering—a reference to the existing condition of nations is almost unavoidable. An instance will at once present itself in regard to two nations where the commerce of each is about equal, and about equally wide-spread over the world. As commercial Powers there is great disparity between. them. The regular navy of one vastly exceeds that of the other. In case of war between them, only an inconsiderable part of the navy of the one would be required to prevent that of the other from being used for defence or ajgression, while the remainder would be devoted to the unembarrassed employment of destroying the commerce of the weaker in naval strength. The fatal consequences of this great inequality of naval force between two such belligerents would be in part remedied by the use of privateers ; in that case, while either might assail the commerce of the other in every sea, they would be obliged.to distribute and employ their respective navies in the work of pro tection. This statement only illustrates what would be the case, with come modification, in every war where there may be considerable disparity in the naval strength of the belligerents. History throws much light upon this question. France, at a❑ early period, WAS without a navy, and in her wars with Great Britain and Spain, but then naval Powere, she resorted with signal good effect to priva teering, not enly for protection, but successful aggres sion. She obtained many privateers from Holland, and by this force gained decided advantages on the ocean over her enemy. Whilst in that condition France could hardly have been expected to originate or concur in a proposition to abolish privateering. The condition of many of the smaller States Of the world is now, in relation to naval 'Powers, not much unlike that of France in the middle of the sixteenth century. At a later period, during the reign of Louis the Fourteenth, several expeditions were fitted out by him, composed wholly of privateers, which were most effectively employed in prosecuting hostilities with naval Powers. Those who may have at any time a control on the ocean will be strongly tempted to regulate its use in a manner to subserve' their own interests and ambitious projects. The ocean is the common property of all na tions, and instead of yielding to a measure which will be likely to secure to a few--possibly to one—an ascend many over it, each should pertinaciously retain all the means it possesses to defend the common heritage. .A predominant Power upon - the ocean is more menacing to the well-being of others than such a Power on land, and all are alike interested in resisting a measure calculated to facilitate the permanent establishment of Such domi nation, whether to be wielded by one Power or shared among a few others.. The injuries likely to result from surrendering the dominion of the seas to one or a few nations which have powerful navies, arise mainly from the practice of sub jecting private property on the ocean to seizure by belli gerents. Justice and humanity demand that this prac tice should 'be abandoned, and that the rule iu relation to such property on land shbuld be extended to it when found upon the high seas. The President, therefore, proposes to add to the first proposition in the "Deelaration " of the Congress at Paris the following words :—" And that the private property of the subjects or citizens of a belligerent on the high seas shall be exempted from seizure by armed vessels of tho other belligerent, except it be con traband." Thus amended, the Government of the United States will adopt it, together with the other three prin. ciples contained in that "Declaration." I am directed to communicate the approval of the President to the second, third, and fourth proposition, independently . of the first, should the amendment be un acceptable. The amendmszt is commended by so many powerful considerationP, and the principle which calls for it has so long had ths , emphatic Paaction of all enlight ened. nations in military operMion:' ! on land, that Pre•=ident is reluctant to believe it will meet wi7;ll serious oppa: , i!i m. Without the proposed modi:ic.tt•mo of the first principle .he cannot convince himself t;.)o.t it would be wise or safe to change the existin g law,-in re gard,to the right of privateering. If the amendment should not ho adopted it will be proper for the United States to ti l have sore, understand ing in regard to the treatment of their privateers, when they shall have occasion to visit the torts of those Powers Which are or may become paities to the Decla ration of the Congreis of Paris. Thi,rnited States will, upon the ground of right and comity, claim for them the We purposely avoided offering any remarks upon .the case of Archdeacon Denison as long as it could be considered sub Palos. , But now that the Arch bishop has formally pronounced certain of the arti cles exhibited against the Archdeacon to have been proven, and has intimated his intention of pro: ceeding to pass sentence on the 21st of 9aoher, unless, in the meantime, the Archdeacon' should revoke what is said to be his - error, we'-are no longer bound to silence, but we. are at liberty :to offer an opinion upon • the merits , of the whole case. A brief history of the circumstances will be the best introduction. lathe,last year of the life of the late Bishop Bagot, Archdeacon Denison, as examining chaplain to the bishop, thought fit to reject a certain candidate for priest' s 'orders, On the ground of his holding certain' views upon the Sacra ment of the Lord's :Supper which the Archdeacon could not, in - his capacity as examining chaplain, approve. Bishop Spencer, of • Mtdras, was at that time acting for the Bishop of Bath and Wells, and "was appointed to hold for him the next ordination. The young man reject e d b y the Archdeacon was admitted by the Bishop. An angry correspondence 'ensued ;and the Archdeacon, feeling that both his position as an examining chaplain and-his doctrine as a divine were da mage by the officiating bishop's proceeding, thought fit to resign his chaplaincy, and to preach in the cathedral at Wells a vindica tion of his doctrines. Owing tQ a recent publica tion by the then Archdeacon Wilberforce on 'the same subject, there was much excitement in the Church on the doctrine of the Eucharist ; and this circumstance gave an importance to Archdeacon Denison's sermons beyond what they were entitled to on their own account. The main point on which the Archdeacon insisted relates to the consequences, follow . the Cora oocte-... doies. the priest. Every one who has paid the least at tention to the subject, and is not blinded by party spirit, readily acknowledges that the statements made by Archdeacon Denison in no way support the Romish doctrine, and have ho tendency in that direction. But they are, nevertheless, undoubt edly startling to those who have -not, studied the dogmatic theology of the Church. The excitement caused by these three sermons soon *took shape, and, at the instance of the Rev. J. Ditcher, the vicar of the adjoining parish of South Brent, a formal complaint of their unsoundness was made to the Bishop of the Diocese. The sermons were read by the Bishop, and an opinion expressed by him unfavourable to them in some part i cu l ars. Th e. archdeacon submitted to the o pi n i on o f th e Bi s h op, " and there the matter might and ought to have been suffered to drop. But the Ditcher party had other views. Not long after this Bishop Bagot died, and Lord Auckland succeeded to the see. Attempts were made to obtain a fresh opening out of the case by the new Bishop. But, although not agreeing with some of the propositions of the Arch deacon, his lordship was indisposed to disinter the old strife, on the ground that already it was rca judicata. Foiled thus, the prosecution appealed to the Primate, who, had ho been well advised, would have acted precisely as Lord Auckland did. But his Grace issued a commission, under statute, of five clergymen to ascertain if sufficient pre liminary grounds for further proceedings could be made out. This commission was most un fairly constituted, being composed exclusively of clergymen whose views wore notoriously op posed to those of the Archdeacon, whose conduct they were - to try. There was not one of them who was not known either -more or less as a party man of the extreme Evangelical School. What justice a High Churchman was likely to get at such hands the reader may The Com missioners refused to hear evidence on the question of doctrine, and, taking their stand on the simple facts proved, of preaching and publication, pre judged the sermons and the case altogether, and decreed that there was a prima facie case for fur ther proceedings. At this stage the Archbishop seems to have benefited by second thoughts, and - to have wisely come to the determination to pro-. teed no further in so intricate and unsatisfactory a matter. , But applicati on was ma d e t o t h e C ourt of Queen's Bench for a mandamUs to compel the Archbishop to proceed. After the discussion of several technical questions, it was' peremptorily ruled that the Arciabishop must proceed with the prosecution, and hence followed the trial, which we have already reported throughout the different stages, and the conclusion pronounced by Dr. Lushington on Tuesday last. We cannot pretend to discuss in those collar/Ina the theological question. It may be stated, in ge neral terms, th a t th e A rc hd eacon ma i n t a i ns that, after the consecration of the element's by the priest, a real presence bedemes so joined to them that they cannot be other than the Bbdy and:Blood of Christ, whether eaten by good men t or bad. The Archbishop rides that this is contrary to the Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Articles, the legal interpretation of what is affirmed to he, that what the Archdeacon. says is received by all is re ceived by the good only. This ruling brings the Archdeacon under the statute of 13 Elizabeth, c. 12, which is to-this effect—that "if any person ecclesiastical, or who shall have any ecclesiastical living, shall advisedly maintain or affirm any doctrine directly contrary or repugnant tQ any of the said 'Articles, and being convicted before the bishop ; of the diocese, or the ordi nary, still persists therein, or not revoke his. error, or after' ainCh• revocation, eftsoons affirms such untrue - doctrine, such maintaining or affirming and persisting, and such eftsoons affirming, ' shall be just causfa to deprive such person of -his ecclesi astical promotions, and it shall -be lawful for the bishop of - the diocese to deprive such person so per sistingatifr lawfully convicted of, such eftsoons af firming, and upon such 'sentence of deprivation being pronounced, he shall - be indeed deprived." The result is that unless the Archdeacon shall un say what he has said in his sermons, be will, on ,the 21st day of O c t o b er next, cease to b e Arch 'deacon ‘ of Taunto n an d Vi car o f E ast B ren t. _ We do not p resume t o say one word on the comae which the Archdeacon ought to take. It is a matter for Itis own conscience. Ditierie . g, as we have, often done from his views of public: tions, and disapproving of some of his in the agitation of Church questions, we have ever sought to do justice to his fearless persistency of purpose and genuine integrity of motive ; and w e shall continue to do so whatever may be the issue of this trial.' But a graver question than any thing perstonal to the Archdeacon arises , out of this decision. It has generally been Suppo se d t h at the latitude afforded by . the Articles Was purp o s e ly . allowed iu order to include Nylthiu, the Church al: ,ol4Gs7i . . EPRICR 4D. STAMPED . I same consideration to which they are entitled, ar.d which was extendtd to them, under thela.,v of natior,s, before the attempted modification ofit by that Congress. As connected - with the subject herein diseassed, it is not inappropriate to remark, that a due regard to the fair claims of neutrals would seem to roquire some modification, if not an abandonment, of the doctrine in relation to contraband trade. Nations which preserve the relations of peace should not be injuriously • affected in their.c• - unniercial intercc.‘ureie by those which choose to involve themselves in war, provided the citizens of such powerful nations do not compromise their character as neutrals by a direct, interference with the military operations of the belligerents. The laws of siege and blockade, it is believed, afford all the re medies against neutrals that the parties to the war can justly claim. Those laws interdict all trade with the be sieged or blockaded places. A. • further interference with the ordinary pursuits of neutrals, in no-wise to ,blame for an existing state of • hostilities, ,is contrary to the obvious dictateri of justice, E . this view of the•sub ject-could be adopted; and Practiciilly obserred by all civilised nations, the right -dsetircb, which has been the source of so much annoyance and of so tra.ny injuries to neutral commerce, would, be restricted to such oases only as justified a suspicion ,tierupt to trade with places actually in a state of siege or blockade. Humanity and justice d einand . that' the calamities in cident to war should be strictly limited to the betlige rents themselves, and those. who , voluntarily :take part with then"; :but neutrals abstaining in good faith frora'sr:ch complicity ought to be 'left to piar, - ;ue their trade with either belligarent • Witlio4t roStrotiens" in re-, :'part to tbie . artictes entering into it ' 4 `l. 'Though :the United States do not propose to embAr -eaFs the btber rending negotiations,rtlative to the rights of neutrals, by pressing this change in the law of con traband, they will be ready to give it their sanction whenever there is a prospect of its favourable reception by other maritime powers. The undersigned avails himself of this opportunity to renew to the Count de Sartiges the assurance of his high consideration. W. L. MARCY: THE CAS 1 3 OF A IiGUIDEACON DENISON. AUSTRIAN PERFIDY AN - D AItiRD.E`R. There are some crimes' so - horrible ' and -undatural that the bare report of them cannot force itself upon human belief without strong confirmation. ' Stich a one is the . assassination in. cold blood by • Au§trian troops of the Roman Tribune, Angelo Briinettl; bet ter, knoFn as giceruacchia, tokether with , hisi two sons, one of 19, the other of 13 years of age and four other persons-. General than •whom a more upright and, honourable .man has not .adorned the modern annals of Italy, - is the author of this re port; and,. although we would fain..disbelieve-it, we fear that upon such authority it must be received as correct. If this should prove ;rue, this most horri ble abib,iniiinitous butchery will do wore. to assist the cause of revolution --not the cause of. moderate 'and temperate reform—in the Italian Peninsula than all that Mazzini has been able to accomplish in a .quar ter of a century of agitation. This man, _Angelo Brunetti, had in his time rendered gre,t service to *the . P.ipal cause when it was in 'very serious danger. He had been courted : and caressed by Pio Nono, and if, at last, he abandoned the party, it was not until it • had ' beeti abandoned by its chief. If `Britnetti at length to * • the extreme popular • side -at Rowe, it must not be forgotten that the Pope himself fairly ran away in disgdise. Re bid g'rest' inailericetover his fellow-townsmen, an - d this influeace'was usa,d on the side of peace and order. That in common with the population 'of Rome he endeaVbu're'd- to resist the Invading armies of France is most - true=4-true also, that he wished, ill tp the cause of Austrian despotism in Italy. ' He was not, however, an Austrian subject. He owed no allegiance to Ferdinand br' his successor. What treason he 'nay have committed was committed agains r t the Pope in his character of temporal Vince, and was not certainly ti be • Av'enzed - by . A.ustrian: bul lets or. Austrian bayonets. All that .we know. as yet trammel - 11Sn" se - cuntailied in the following`briefletter, addressed by General Garibaldi to a Genoese journal : • • r "Mr. Editor,—Since my retreat from Rome until this day I flattered myself that I might find Ciceituac chin and, his sons iu some concealment in• the Apen nines ; but to-day the sad certainty reaches me that the virtuous townsman of Rome wag shot at Contains, near the mouth of the Po, by Austrian soldiers,!com 'landed by an officer of .the Imperial family. The pevons shot were seveu-.Ciceruacchio, two sons' (one of 19, the other of 13 years), the young chaplain Rollie lino Stefano. Parodi Lorenzo, Captain in the Italian Legion of Monte Video, and two other individuals whose names I don't know. "1 claim your favour to ask, in the name of soolety, through the public press, an account of these indivi duals from the- authors of this misdeed, which certainly is necessary in the interests of the lamilies of the de ceased, remembering at the same time that not one of the Austrian prisoners of 'lnico or of the Romagna was over shot. Observe also that Ciceruacchio, his young son, and Romarine, although they accompanied me in the retreat, never carried arms. " \Yith respect, yours, "Genoa, Aug. 6. "G-. GARIBALDI." The infatnour pitons who directed this execution seem to forget that so bloody a deed rouses against'thern and .the Uoveroment they represent tho sympathies of Europe, just as the massacres of September in the Abbaye during • the days of the first-French . .Revolotion consigned the authors of them to the universal ex ecra ti on of mankind. Wh o i s to p l ea d the canto of inm;who violate every good feeling of litunsn. nature, and who imbrue, their hands in innocent blood ? Who can do more than deplore the reprisals with which those who authOrised this bloody deed will one day sure'y be visited ? Thu wonder is that the Government of any countryfpre tending to civilieation can coldescend to do such shambles work for another. Why cannot the Pops be left tp hang, decapitate, or destroy in priioa rebels to his authority ? The Imperial foully of Austria are literally poaching on their neighbour's manor for: the b beer pastime of shedding blood. It is strlone indeed that officers and men wearing the Austrmn uniform csn be found willing to submit to such deep degradation, It is i itelligible that they should shoot down tha dis armed l ungarians, or.knock the Viennese on the head at the word of 'command ; but one would have sup posed that something like military etiquette, if , not humanity, would have inspired them with, disgust when called upon to be the `mere executioners for a foreign Prince. Nor was the present case one be tween combatants in which it was possible, th a t a soldier's rough l og i c m i g h t go 'astray. This RO - rnan Tribune was not a soldier, nor was the chaplain a " fight ing man," nor the little boy who was so foully murdered. It is difficult to find any mail in our own day in Eng land to Whoin Cic.irnacchio could be rightly compared. Henry Hunt, perhaps, cr Williaus Cobbett, ac, iectpcer and detnagoguo, not as writer, may perhaps serve as an illustration, although, in point of morality, if not of ahilit this unfortunate Roman was better than either of our Euglish demagogues'. Cit.eruacchio was a man of far milder. and more Persuasive character than either Hunt or Cobbett, and had attained immense influence over his townsmen by far less questionable means than thoy at times einployed in the pursuit of their political objects, Even had .he remained in Rome when the-city fell into the hands of the French, it would have been as itnpolitie as it would have been unjust to have 'con demned him to death for that which, after all, was but opposition to a foreign foe. We are living,in a happier land; and neither directly nor in their consequences can such acts affect us, but, were we responsibly mixed up with the direction of public affairs in most countries in Continental Europe, we could not at the present moment divest ourselves of an uneasy feeling of coining retribu tion. This massacre of Ciceruacelsio, of his young cti 1- drein and of his friends, will help to swell the bloody debit, of which payment will one day sorely be exaet...d to the last item in the foul account.— Timm. THE MEDITERRANEAN SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH --The Mediterranean Electric Telegraphic Company has con ,. municated the following :—By a despatch re ce i ve d 'from Mr. Brett, and dated Saturday, Aug. 16, near the, Isle of Galita, on the Algerian coast, he sends intelligence of his arrival with the cable and communication in excel lent condition, after having successfully pasted depths of 00') metres. Between this point and Bona the water is only 150 fathoms deep. The currents and fogs Com pelled the vsssel to go out of he r course, and instead of reac hing Calita at 8 o'clock in the morning, She did not arrive till 6 o'clock in the evening.. M. Delatnarche and the commandant of the Tartar. have gone to Bonn to procure materials for fastening. the cable on the Isle of G.4'ita a.n i a • aez•natch has be e n rerit London • to Order ft,,l.tle , ufficle i nt lenvtri B [Apv2t:TistimENT Plils certainly on ex celL,r,t remedy fi)r ftheintintisin.—Exfract of a fetter frog! Mr. White, of Cowley, nea r O x f or d, i n f orm i ng Professor Holloway that lie had frequently suffered from severe attacks of rheumatism, which prevented him following Lie occupation, and, after every other remedy •had failed, he cominencad taking• Holloway's from the benefit he has so ,ften ihriVed' front their Use he con,idere it hi s d u ty t o g i ve publicity to the f act that tlice pills Lav e cure d bl i p ' of rtcumatisna, alter other medicines hav e b een tiled in ajzt.--S9ld by all medicine vendors throughout the world ; at Professor Holloway's. establisinneu:s, 244, Strand,, T , ....,ondon, and 80, Mande!-lane, NeW York; by A. Stappa, Coxistanti nople; 9. Guidl9l, Smyrna.; and E. Mum, Malta. - • . i_' t.c.,1 .„,.., ~,„.„.,, .1_ i r • 1 ~--:.• many persons as possibl e , even .%•*,ado bk . - Ott' differences of interpretati on o f dectrPie. APtis *As the very basi s o f t h e Gorham judgment. It was I never pretended that Mr. Gerhatn's views were in accordance with the Articles. It was simply con tended that they were not, Contrary to them, and the reason why he was alloWed to be inducted into his living was that the latitude allowed by the Articles did not exclude him. We need not remind the reader how much Churchmen were shocked by * that judgment. It was—not, indeed, an ecclesiastical judgment, but it was the judgment of a secular tribunal upon an ecclesi astical question, and exhibited the lax view which the State was disposed to take of the doctrines and authority of the Church. But one consoling thought remained—if the Articles were of such latitudinarian signification, at least high Churchmen might have the benefit of the latitude as well as Low. But here is a Case in wh lob .the very Archbishop who, in the Gorham case,;subscribed to the judgment that a cer tain latitude of interpretatio n was permitted by the Articles, proceeds up o n au ent i rely opposite princi ple, and narrows -down the interpretatio n of the Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Articles within limits which, however clear to his Grace's judg ment, now clashes altogether with what he so lemnly assented to as an assessor in a great juaicial tribunal 6 years ego. Without going into the ques tion of the exact orthodoxy of the sermons in dis pute, it is beyond doubt that the Archdeacon has fortified his position by a long catena of authorities of the highest; repute in the ChurCh. The very cir cumstance that Bishop Overall, Bishop Bull, Bishop Taylor, Archbishop Tillotson, Archbishop Wake, Bishop eosin, Bishopßidley, Archbishop Bramhall, and Bishop Bsveridge held and taught similar views and were not censured, is evidence of the liberty accorded within the Church, which, in our humble judgment, ought to have shielded the Archdeacon, especially when the very Primate who was his judge did, in the year 1850, treat a .similar case in Ihese words :—" We express ne opinion on the theological soeuracy of thesompinions, (i.e., certain ecclesiasti nai.wribers).. The writers whom we have cited are not always consistent with themselves,. nor are the reasons on which they found their positions always valid ; and . other writers of great .emi 'i'enee, and yr . rthy of,. great reSiseVtrh - itiis ex pressed very different opinions. - •But - the mere fact that sw:h opinions have been propounded and main tained by persons so eminent and so. mu4i re spected, as well as T)y very many others, appears to us sufficient t I prove that the liberty which was left by the Articles and Formularies hastbeen actu ally enjoyed and exercised by the members and ministry of the Church of England.'' Such was the basis of the Gorham judgment. - in 1850:;* the case of ArchdeaconDenison in 1856 ought to .filave been dealt with by .the same process.. A far greater array of authorities may be marshalled in favour Of Archdeacon Denison's proposition than in . f . ,vour of Mr. Gorham's ; and if the latter were all Owed .to be inductpd.iuto . a living because. there were conflicting interpretations in • respect. of the ' one Sacrament, we do not see why Archdeacon Deni son is to be deprived because. he has.- espoused a 'particular' Fide in respect of the other.- . -...lilopeing Post.: ' •• ' : • ~..~. ,r eans. s OA s Oi 5 ud 'estill I