The Sun. — London, England, 1856-02-28 00:00:00

THOMAS RAIRES'S JOURNAL. On Thursday, Vols. I. and 11., post Bvo., with Portrait, price 21s. APORTION of the JOURNAL kept by THOMAS RAIKES, Eq.. from 1831 to 1847: Comprising Reminiscences of Social and Political Life in London and Paris during that period. London: Longman, Browu, Green, and Longraans. SURREY. —EL I GIBLE INVESTMENT.—To be SOLD, the LEASE of an Eight-roomed HOUSE, with back and front Gardens, situated about a mile from the bridges, held at a low ground rent, and let to a highly-respectable tenant. Will be sold a bargain, the money being required in business.—Apply to Mr. John Tozer, auctioneer, 16, Walbrook. PRINCE'S CLUB RACQUET and TENNIS GROUNDS.—Gentlemen desirous of becoming members are requested to communicate with the Secretary, Mr. PRINCE, 14, Regent-street, Waterloo -place, wh) will furnish every information. THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY•LAITE. Lessee, Mr. E. T. Smith. THIS FvENING, THE GREAT GUN TRICK. After which, TAKINet. BY STORSf. o o n ludo with . _ REY RIDDLE DIDDLIA ; fir, Harlequin King Nonsense and the Seven Ages of Man. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Unler the Management of Mr. Bnekstone. TUTS EVENING, THE BE AUX' STE:U. O O3ESi. Followed by LEND ME FIVE SHILLINGS. After which the New Comic Christmas Pantomime, entitled THE BALL AN VIE GRASSH FEAST; or, Harlequin and the D Genius of the Spri OPPER'Sng. ROYAL PRINCEqS'S TIP:ITEM, OXFORD-STREET. Under the Management of Mr. Caaardos KIM THIS EVENING, The Historical Play of LOUIS XI. Louis (King of France), by Mr. Charles Kean. After whicti, HARLEQUIN AND THE MAID AND THE MAGPIE ; or, the Fairy Paradisa and Hanky Pinky, the Enchanter. Harlequin, Mr. Cormack ; Clown, Mr. Hahne ; Pantaloon, Mr. Paulo; and Columhine, Miss Caroline Adams. THZATRE ROYAL ADELIPHI. ProPlietOr, Mr. B. Webster.—Directress, Madame Coke°. THIS EVENING. BETSY BAKER. To be followed by THAT BLESSED BABY. To conclude with JACK AND THE BEAN STALK: or, Harlequin and Mother Goose at Homo Again. In which Nevin. J. Bland. P. Redford, Madam Celeste, Miss Wyndham, and Miss E. Arden will appear. ROYAL OLY %EPIC THEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. Alfre4 Wigan. THIS EVENING. STAY AT HOME. After which will be produco I a New ani doubly-moral. though etcesstvely old, Melodramatic Fairy Extravaganza, entitled DISCREET PRI N'C ; e-, the Three Glass Distaffs. • in which Messrs. Emery, F. Robson, 11. Cooper, Miss Marstoe, ant Miss Yfaskell will appear. ROYAL SET3REY TEMATRE. Lessees, Meisrs. Shepherd and Creswic.k. THIS EVENING JASPER LA!..7GTOg ; or, A Duel to the Death. To conclude with A PRINCE OF P;ItARLS ; or, ilarievin and Jane Shore. AOYAL OTHAND TGEATRE. Under the direction of Mr; Payne. THIS EVENING. PEACE AT ANY PRICE. Followed by WIDOT. After which, LE CHALET. To conclude with BLUE JACKETS. AET L ET'S ROYAL Alt PLI ITH EATRZ. Lewes and Manner, Mr. Win. Cooke. EVF.NING, Exemplification of the perfect d63llity of the horse, in ac! ion% closely allied to reason. In anew Grand ()rental Equestrian Spectacle, eAlle..l THE ARAB. OF THE DE,AERT AND lilsl FAITHFUL !STEED. The horse trained by Sir. W. Cooke. Alter whlet, the DELINEATIONS of EQUESTRIAN ART in the ARE - N - 1. To conclude with TT , IIILvOrTTV AND ST. GEORGE AND THE DRAGON; or, the Seven Chamions of Christendom. The Performance of the '.Majestic Elephants will take place during the Evening, and the ascent tram the ring to the stage. Tiox-olice open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W. West. Equestrian Director. (sir. *v. Cooke. jun. EltSt A. ST I.NTGI7.IC'S STAVE' AGY:I OF W.INIAN, Every Evening at 8, and on Saturdays at 3. Pronounced by the unanimous voice of the Dress. and by nivhtiv increasing audiences, to be the Greate3t Artistica' Triumph of the day. Stalls, 35.; Reserved Seats, 2s. ; Rack Seats, is. SAINT MARTIN'S lIALL, Long-acre. HIC}EI WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. TIM DAY—Morn. 3 min. aft. s—Evening 21 min. aft. f; rn-Afoßnow—Morn. 42 min. aft. 6—Evening 4 min. aft. 7 TIIE WEITIIER-Sur OFFICE, FEB 28. THERHOIIETER, IN TIM &UDE. highest sines noon yesterday. 50 -lowest this morning and during the night. 49—this day at noon. BABOUSTIIR--30 53. WIND, N. - Light, with dull weather. ti ) - _ e LINDON, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 185 G. In another part of this day's impression will be found a copy of the Royal Warrant appointing a Beard of General Officare to inquire into the statements contained in the Report of Sir JOHN M`Nere and Colonel To - LT.Om, and the evidence apiiended thereto, affecting certain officers on the General Staff and others in the Army. As to the parties implicated there need not be the slightest reserve or mystery. They have cent plained of the accusations not preferred against them by the Crimean C.unads3ioners, but found to be fully and completely established. They have demanded further inquiry, and to that they were entitled, but not in the present form. It should have been in ench a shape as would, in case of conviction, have insured the punishment of the offenders. A Court-martial or an impeachment would have afforded the required opportunity, of, at the same time, vindicating their charac ters—and public justice. If innocent, they would have passed more triumphantly throagh the ordeal. If guilty, the proceeding would not have been altogether vain arr.' useless, for decided action might have followed the verdict. The present course, however, seems to be neither one thing nor the other. It is simply giving an additional chance to the accused, of evading the conse quences of their alleged misconduct. The vete ran Generals appointed to the task may be sup posed to regard, in . a more . favourable light, the peccadilloes of officers of the highest rank and aristocratic position. But another loophole is kept open, in case they should prove as intract able as the members of the preceding commi ss i on . They can only make a further report, or a report which, so far as the public are concerned, will merely be "to gild refined gold, to paint the lily, or cast a perfume on the violet." In case of its being adverse, there must be a further in- veetigation. If otherwise, it will be at once accepted as final and conclusive ; and Sir JOHN WNEIL and Colonel TULLOCH will be sacrificed as scapegoats, to shield the damaged reputation of men of high rank and considerable political influence. It will be seen that the contemplated proceed ing is not an ordinary military inquiry, which is invariably conducted secretly. It is to all in tents and purposes a Royal Commission, and, therefore, may be conducted in such manner as the Commissioners think proper. It has already been stated, ex, cathedra, that it will be conducted with open doors, and that the evil of secrecy will be carefully avoided. This is, in one respect, as it should be. It will give much greater weight to the decision of the Generals, when the grounds on which it is based shall also be before the public, so that every man throughout the length and have an o p por t un it y o breadth of the land may THE SUN, LONDON, TI- URSbAY EVEN [No FEBRUARY 12 4 , 1856 judging for himself on authentic data. But it also adds to the indignity inflicted on the pre vious Commissioners, and must render their friends—and all who admire the straightforward :manly course which they adopted will be in cluded in the category—still more indignant at the 'unmerited alight so unfairly cast upon them. The office of judge will not be a very desirable one, if he be compelled to change places with the criminal, and bound to enter into an elaborate defence of his judgments. The celebrated Judge LYNCH, of Kentucky, was always prepared to fight with revolvers and bowie knives any one who I impugned the juatice or propriety of his decisions. I But he was a man of peculiar tastes, and we could scarcely hope to find persons in these degenerate days, and in the atmosphere of the United King dom, who would accept an arduous and thankless duty, subject to such extraordinary . incidents. The inculpated officers, however, were - to be saved at any cost, and under any circumstances. The umbra of the Horse Guards—the shadow that sits behind the seat of the nominal Com mander-in-Chief, and exercises the patronage of that coveted position —may be desirous of getting rid of the odium that must follow, the heaping of honours and rewards on those deserving very different treatment. But no tricks, however clever, no devices, however ingenious, will divert the public attention or permit the mat ter to be shelved quite so easily as was antici pated. The important question is , before Parlia ment, and the representatives of the people of the United Kingdom will speak out fearlessly and intelligibly. At all events, - the Fourth Estate will not be gagged ! With a Free Press—such as England may now boast of—there is no great danger of public opinion being violated with im punity ; attempts may occasionally be made, and parties may suppose that the dangerous ex periment has proved successful. But sooner or later the mistake will be discovered. The gigantic bubble will burst, and the experi mentalists will too late deplore the reckless fatuity that induced them to persevere in the ob jectionable course. The Horse Guards and its irresponsible controller have not of late had any surplus popularity to spare. A little more, and the cup of national indignation will be filled to overflowing. And woe betide those who postpone until too late the submission to the popular will, which can alone obtain impunity for the past and indulgence for the future. It is quite clear that the Horse Guards must be placed under some authority responsible to Parliament, and the sooner it be effected the better for all parties concerned. The question of an improved representation of the people in Parliament, absorbed by the deep and general interest felt throughout the thred kingdoms in the prosecution of hostilities against Russia-the most wakeful, determined, and powerful enemy of free institutions in Europe--is likely, before long, to become the absorbing topic of the day, and will, in all probability, have to be entertained in a more liberal spirit than it ever was before. The pressure of taxation has, i n a ll ages, been the chief moving cause of agitation for the re dress of popular grievances, and to such agitation, whatever concessions of popular rights and privi leges have been made, were generally owing, and ' in no secondary degree has this been the case in this country, where =the Democracy have vindi-' Gated the claims of their order, if not more strenu ously, certainlyeraere persistently than anywhere else. By no means the most logical, nor the most foreseeing animal in the world, and exhibiting an amount of patience, which, shown iu meeting or tolerating inevitable, instead of removable, evils, would bo sublime, Jones BULL has been accustomed to carry his ganglion cf political energy perhaps quite as much in his breeches pocket as in his heart or head. Flattered he might be, and that to his hurt, and he would lay the unction to his heart with gratifying complacency— trifled with he might be, and he would again believe his betrayer—humbugged, to use a vulgar but expres sive phrase, be might be, and he would grumble himself into something considerably short of a mar tyr's sleep ; in either case he would content him self in the long run in forgetfulness. But touch his breeches pocket, tithe his hoarded angels or his annual hundreds, and he stood up at a bound in his defence, and rumbled and threatened like a lion. Of course this description is inapplicable, as every description of national characteristics must be to all. In almost every period of our history as many foreseeing, enlightened, freedom - loving, and chivalrous spirits as ever adorned the annals of any nation since the world began have adorned our own—only, however, to be appreciated, in most instences, in the next generation. Of this characteristic there is, as we have al ready intimated, a strong presumption JOHN Bum, hasnot been deprived; and as with the termination of the War the excitement it occasioned will neces sarily cease, while the expenditure of the War will remain to be met by taxation, he will, it experience is to go for anything, be roused by the pressure, and having the additional stimuli of the gross mismanagement and comparative failure of the War to stir him, will be led to in quire whether he who has to pay the piper Would net be all the better if he was a little more a party to State expenditure, and, as the result, come to ,he resolution to insist on a greatly en larged suffrage. Already indications of a bias in this -direction are perceptible. Pamphlets on the subject of an improved representation begin to make their appearance, and with the motion of Major REED, despite its want of novelty, fresh - indications will probably be forthcoming. That gallant officer, it will be seen, intends to ask leave this evening to bring in a bill for the enfranchisement of all who are as sessed for the Income Tax - -a movement, as, many will .believe, in the right direction, and unquestionably in harmony with that principle of our Constitution which associates the right of representation with the assessment of taxation. What the fate of the motion may be we cannot undertake to predict ; but we hope the Ministry will have the good seine not to oppose the intro duction of so reasonable a measure per se, or in the absence of a more comprehen sive scheme. It is one to which party will hav e some difficulty to frame an objection undeserving of being characterised as frivolous, and in which those who favour may fairly be expected to an educational suffrage concur. To be sure assessment to the Income Tax is no absolute proof of knowledge or discre tion, neither is the ability to read and write and repeat by rote, many who could pass muster under either test being likely to be plucked under one more stringent ; but it is a notorious fact that a class, probably man for man, inferior in point of intelligence and character to no class in the kingdom, however exalted, viz., the higher class of employes, such as commercial travellers' clerks, skc 4 , as well as professaionals, and others of a like calibre, who live in lodgings, and who have to pay a con siderable proportion of Income Tax, are excluded frora all voice whatever. in the representation. Who will undertake to say this is as it sl&ould be ? , of Paris. Three opinions are in pres:=nce—Austria desires that the status quo be maintained ; Turkey is in favour of the hereditary succession of the Hospodars ; aril the Western Powers think that there ought to be only one hereditary prince under the suzerainty of the Porte.' There is to be a railroad congress here next week, to which the Minister of Finance has invited the representatives of the various foreign com panies which have xprossed a desire to invest their capital in Austrian, Austro-Italian, and Hungarian railways. The Credit Bank will natu rally also be represented, as Baron Bruck never neglects any opportunity of giving to that highly favoured establishment a chance of employing its capital to advantage. The Credit Bank has taken shares in the Empress Elizabeth or Vienna-Salz burg Railway to the amount of 20,000,000f1., but the Administrative Council has resolved not to dis tribute more than 6,000,000 ff. among tbo holders of the Credit Bank shares. The proportikt will be one railroad share to 10 Credit Bank shares, but such a high vaue is already attached to the former that the latter have within the last 21 hours risen some 12 per cent. The remaining Vienna Salz burgßailroad shares, to the amount of 14,000,00011., will for the twinent remain in the coffers of the Credit Bank. It is stated that a syndicate is to be formed by the grantees of the Vienna- Salzburg Railroad and the Credit Bank, whose duty it will be to see that the market is not glutted with the shares. Soon after the Credit Bank commenced its operations, the founders sold almost all their shares at a profit of 12 to 15 per cent. ; but mazy of them have been glad to pay a reisium of 50 per cent. in order to get them back again. It is thought that Baron Bruck would do well to endeavour to check rather than to encourage the spirit of speculation which now prevails, or rather rages, for if the peace conferences should prove a failure there would be a regular financial crisis here. The shares of the Vienna-Linz Railroad Com pany have not yet been issued, but they are already at 26 per cent. premium. THE DANUBE. Several attempts have been made to blast the rocks in the bed of the Danube at the so-called " Iron Gate," but there is reason to fear that the operations of the engineers have not been attended with any great success. Major Derwent, of the En gineers, has been sent to examine the Sulina mouth of the Danube, and ho is believed to have received orders to draw up a plan for the removal of the sand. The navigation of the Upper Danube has undergone a great improvement, for in future the Bavarian steamers will transport goods direct to Vienna and Pesth, and the vessels of the Austrian Steam Company will take goods on to Passau, Rat isbon, &c. In short, there will be no relading, as has hitherto been the case. THE DANISH SUCCESSIO A Parliamentary return has been i , sued, in com pliince with an address of the House of Commons, which contains a copy of the protocol of Warsaw, relative to the Danish Succession, and of the renewal of that document by nussia in. 1852. lathe protocol the two Courts of Copenhagen and St. Petersburg agree " That his Majesty the king of Denmark shall designate the Prince and Princess of Glucksbourg conjointly as heirs presumptive of his crown in case the male line of the dynasty ac tually reigning should become extinct." The re newal of the treaty in 1852 is contained in the fol lowing : TRANSLATION OF A NOTE ADDRESSED BY BARON BRU NOW TO THE MINISTER FOR DENMARK. Loudon, April 26 and May 8, 1852. The undersigned, Envoy Extraordinary and 'Minister Plenipotentiary of his Xr , jesty the Ern - n-or of all the Rus sins, to her Britannic Majesty, having been authorised to sign the treaty concluded this day co❑jointly with his Ex cellency the Chamberlain de Bille, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of his Majesty the King of Denmark, has been ordered to transmit to him at the same time the present note, for the purpose of recalling and re newing the reserves contained iu the Protocol of Warsaw of May 2-1 and June 5, 1851; which, after havi❑g received the sanction of his Majesty the Emperor of all the Hus sies, and of his Majesty the King of Denmark," was con veyed to the knowledge of the Cabinets who have signed the present treaty. The third paragraph of the protocol above-mentioned is worded in these terms " Writhing on his part to complete the titles resulting from the renunciations, and thus to effect an arraag,ernent which would be of such high importance for the mainte nance of the Danish monarchy in its integrity, his 3.lsjesty the Emperor of all the Russian, as chief of the elder branch of Holstein Gottorp, would be ready t• renounce the eventual rights which belong to him in favour of Prince Christian a Glucksbourg, and of his male lineage. " Nevertheless, it is understood that the eventual rights of the two younger branch•:s of Holstein Gottorp should be expressly reserved. _ " That those which the august chief of the elder branch should abandon for himself, and for his male ijaengo, in fa vour of Prince Christian of Glucksbourg, anti of his male lineage, should be revived in the Imperial House of Russia whenever (which God forbid) the male lineage of that Prince should become extinct. " That inasmuch as the renunciation of his Majesty the Emperor would principally have for its object to facilitate au arrangement called for by the chief interests of the mo narchy, the offer of such a renunciation would cease to be obligatory, if the arrangement itself should fail." In renewing, by order of his Government, the reserves above mentioned, The Undersigned, THE FIRST MEETING OF THE PLENI- POTE ,V T A RIES. Our Paris correspondent thus describes the circum stances under which the Conference assembled on Mon day : " The Parisian public exhibited no great curiosity to see the plenipotentiaries, for the number of spectators as sembled in front of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at one o'clock was not greater than that w hi c h a respecta bl e Punch and Judy. show will Ettract any day in the week. Of the few assembled the greater part were nursery-maids, washerwomen, and 'long shore men, whose ideas of the functions of plenipotentiaries must be of the vaguest. The sergons de ville on duty see me d qu it e disappointed at see ing so few people, for they rated those few for the mere sake, apparently, of showing their authority, and dislodged them repeatedly, is a most unnecessary manner, from the position they bad taken up to see the great men arrive. It was supposed that the plenipotentiaries would arrive in great state, dressed in court suits, and escorted by guards of honour. But this was not so. At precisely three minutes past one a modest looking brougham, scarcely remarked till it was within a few yards of the Ministry, drove into the front gate, and halted at the foot of the grand staircase. The carriage contained the Sardinian plenipotentiaries, Count Cavour and the Marquis Villama rina. A single chasseur was their only attendant. They, like all the plenipotentiaries who followed, were dressed in plain morning costume. As they ascended the stair case, a squadron of M. Walewski's footmen, who were on the look out, threw wide open the glass doors, aid the Piedmoutese representatives entered the hotel the first. A few minutes afterwards came Turkey—Aali Pacha, the Grand Vizier, and Mehemet Bey were dressed just like Europeans, except that they wore of course the inevitable nd fez. The Grand Vizier wore a Tabna, that might have been bought in Regent-street. England and Austria fol lowed very shortly afterwards, in remarkably unpretendin g carriagss. There was then a pause of several bainut,s. People began to ask whether Russia would not find some excise not to come. But at a quarter past One a handsome carriage, with two chasseurs behind it, drove up at a rapid pace, containing the Russian plenipotentiaries. Count Orloff stepped out srst, and, alr,hough he is 70 years of a; ), ran up the steps like a boy. I had au opportunity of seeing hint well, for when ho arrived on the top landing he took off his hat..as if to return the salute of the servants in waiting, and then turned rouni to see what had become of his colleague. Baron de Brunow got out of the carriage very slowly. His face was enveloped in an ample com forter ; he walked up the stair?' with a somewhat faltering step, end his spare and heat form presented a striking con trast to that of his coadjutor. Count Orloff is a wonder ful-lookinr, man for his •age. He is of largo isizo, very erect, and his countenancailonotes robust health and great resolution. He has a very large bead, covered with iron grey hair, cropped close. The expression of his features is quite Calm nek, hut as he smiled at Baron Brunow slowly mon *fine ho stairs after him, he had a g,iod-uatured look." Neves. PEEL OGATIVE TILE PRESME.NT OF TILE UNITED STATES. not unnecessary clearly to define a matter which, from the daily discourse upon American affairs, ought to be thoroughly understood ; fur it is our habit in this county to speak very freely of matters which we often but partially understand. The President is the cleposi• tary of the executive power of the States. B ,th he and the Vice-President, who is ex officio President of the Senate, and who sucued, him should ho die'dor , ng his term of office, are elected for four yeari by the ehetors, who meet within their respective States, arid vote for them by ballot. Th , l list of votes in each State is for warded, under seal, to the President whose term is ex piring-, and who, havirg opened them, declares his sue cesscr. The President is assi,ted in C.° governmelt by a Cabinet, emsisting of five heads of departments and an attorney-general, all of whom hold office during his plea sure. The various departments are—those of the State, embracing home, and 'foreign affairs, the Tieaury partment, superintending all fiscal affairs, of the Govern ment, and all matters relating to the regulati , n and im provement of the revenue; the War Department, su perintending every branch of military affairs ; the erection of fortifications ; the making of topographical surveys, &c. ; the Navy Department, and the General Post-offic The President is, moreover, Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into active ser vice. He has also the power to make treaties, provided two thirds of the Senate concur. He appoints the officers of state, ambassadors, consuls, and judges of the supreme courts ; he receives foreign ambassadors, and can grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. The reftPal of Washington and Jefferson— the first and third -Presidents of the great American Republic—to be elected a third time, has bad the effect of establishing it as a rule that no President shall hold office for more than tw. , terms. Under the first and second Presidents--Wash ington and Adams, both Federalists—the Republic may be said to have been consolidated. Under Jrfferson— the leader of the Democrats, and dismissed by Washing ton from the office of Secretary at War on account of his extreme opinions—it commenced the extension of its territory, which it has pursued with such tenacity and success to the present time.-01 orning Ad, ertiscr. LATEST NEWS. THE OVERLAND MAIL. TRIESTE, WEDNESDAY EVENING. The steamer Bombay arrived to-day at 4 p.m., in 144 hours from Alexandria. The Indian mail left Alexandria on the 22d Feb., with intelligence from Calcutta to the 24th Jan. ; Bombay, 2d Feb. ; Hong-kong, 15th Jan. ; Shanghai, Bth Jan. ; Canton, 12th Jau. Oude is to be annexed, with General Outram as Chief Commissioner. Lord Canning arrived at Bombay on the 28th of January. The banks at Bombay have raised their rates of interest to 12 per cent. At Calcutta the money market has improved, and exchange on London is 2s. 21d. There has been a great fire at Macao. Exchange—Canton, 4s. lid. ; Shanghai, Gs. 94d. BERLIN, FEB. 26. The short duration of the armistice creates an unfavourable impression here. Letters from Warsaw state that deliberations have taken place under the presidentship of Prince Gortscisakoff, relative to the military reorganisa tion of Poland. Letters from officers of the German Foreign Legion in the service of England state, that notice had been given them that everything was ready for their departure for the Crimea. VIENNA, FEB. 26. Our money market was exceedingly firm to day, in consequence of the announcement in the Moniteur that an armistice had been agreed to. All kinds of securities were in request. TURIN, FEB. 26. Gener f al La Marmora set out to-day for the Crimea. The Afton,slaict, of Stockholm, of the 12th of Feb., says that a committee formed under the Pre sidency of the Prince Royal, is formed to propose a plan for the fortification of the Swedish capital, on an immense scale, embracing the valley of the Maeler River. FRANCE. PARIS, WEDNESDAY. There has been no meeting of the Congress to day. There will be one to-morrow. His Excellency Lord Cowley will probably leave Paris for London on Saturday. Should he do so it is for the purpose of receiving instructions on some difficulties which are expected to occur at the Congress, and then return for the sitting on the following Monday. The letter of the Times' Paris correspondent, dated yesterday, 6 p.m., says : "The second sitting of the Congress, which was believed to be fixed for to-day, has not taken place. This fact has given rise to a variety of rumours, whi:th I believe to be unfounded, because of the strict obligation of silence in all that relates to the proceedings of the Congress imposed on its mem bers. A week at least before the Conferences opened I mentioned that the sittings would not follow each other consecutively day after day ; and that two, three, and perhaps more days might very probably intervene between two sittings. Neither are these sittings fixed beforehand for par ticular day, in each week. They depend a good deal on the progress of the negotiations, and are determined by the Pieniopotentiaries them selves. The fionstitittienne/ is therefore mistaken 111 raving thal. tho Congress would invariably meet three times a week. The members do not know tilt the close of each sitting the particular day or hour at which the next will be held. With respect to the issue of the negotiations I can add nothing to what I have already said. The public is full of expectation that peace must come of them, and there are few who v en t ure t o a ffi rm the contrary. Many chances are in its favour, of that there is no doubt ; but until six or eight days of conference pass over it would be hazardous to affirm anything po 4itively-." The Union contains the following :—" Some de tails have been communicated to us concerning the concert of Count Walewski, at which all the plenipotentiaries were present. Count Orloff, with the ease of a grand Russian nobleman, and with that elegance of manner which seems so charming when allied with military bearing, con versed readily with the various groups which in succession collected round him. After the count, one of the high parsonages who most attracted notice was the Grand Vizier, Aali-Pacba, the Turkish representative. He is a man of delicate appearance, apparently in not very strong health, and presented a striking contrast with the tall, manly, and animated figure of the Russian envoy. But his intelligent and keen glance, his strongly marked feature, and his severe physiognomy, give evidence of a resolute and energetic character. Count de Cavour also attracted much attention. He is a man of middle stature, rather stout, with :caterer; remarkable for their frankness and open ness, and over which a smile loves to play. Turn ing to another class of guests, we may state that Gsns. Canrebert and Bosquet were much observed. The concert took place in the gallery in which the statue of Napoleon 111. stands, and from that apartment the guests could enter freely into the other rooms of the long suite thrown open on'the occasion. Every one examined with curiosity the Salon des Ambassadeurs, in which the sittings of the congress take place. The crowd circulated round the table in the centre, reading the names of the several powers written in pencil on a sheet of paper, placed before the seat which each repro seatative occupies. It was then easy to see that the accounts given iu some of the public journals of the position of the powers were incorrect. The real place of each is this :—The French plenipoten tiaries are in the centre, the English representa tives on the right, and the Austrian on the left ; next to the English are the Russian Envoys, and next to the Austrian the Turks ; the Sardinians are between the Turks and the ussians. At the concert, although net a word was spoken by the plenipotentiaries to infringe - the secrecy which they are bound to observe, the features of all •f them bore that look of satisfaction which would imply that all was going on smoothly towards the re establishment of peace." A letter from the Paris correspondent of the Independence of Brussels says:—" I have just read a letter addressed to a member of the Legislative Body by the Archbishop of Avignon, in which I find an interestin g piece of news. The archbishop has arrived from Rome, and, before quitting that city, he went to take leave of the Pope, who told him that he should visit France in case a Prince was born to the Emperor. Pins IX. promised that, should he take the journey, he would stop two days at Avignon, after which he would proceed to Paris to baptise - the Imperial child. The letter in which the archbishop announces this news is written with a feeling; of great satisfaction." Bourtse, Fels. 27.--The following were Use closing quotations : Cash. fr. s. 4i per Cents 66 :- 3 per Cents 73 _ _ Sew Loan 74 - End of Month. —f. —o. 73 5 Bank Shares 3,455 Roman Credit Alohilier 1,557 50 Austrian Belgian Five,•..... 96i— Spaniel], Throes Piedmontese (5) B9 Home Debt RAILWAYS—ZOB Caen. fr. C. fr. 0. Or!eine 1,265 Western B7O Northern Lyons 4 ... 1,263 New Ditto 835 Mediterranean 1,460 Grand Central' 645. Lyons Geneva 757 50 Teste Cette ... 767 50 Austrian COM. [3os AUSTRIA. " We are assured," says a Vienna letter of the 23d, in the german Journal of Frankfort, "that despatches have been received here from Count Buol, which express the fullest confidence that the approaching conferences will be brought to a satis factory conclusion. It is said also in the diplomatic circles of this city that the instructions to the t e r in that ina i t t e i withouts scarc e l Rusajau plenipotentiaries leave them so much lati tudeyt the desired possible l e t. c ” onferences to A letter from Vienna, in the Breslau Gazette, ys:—"The qu es ti on o f th e D anu bi an Prineipali tos is one of the great difficulties of the conferences RUSSIA. VIENNA, Feb. 23.--.9.il;3representatives of the Powers are just about to decide on the all-impor tant question of peace or war, there could not be a more fitting moment for communicating seine in formation respecting Russia that is contained in an interesting, but marvellously ill-arranged article, which has just proceeded from the pen of Baron von Ittlen, a well-known writer on statistics and political economy. The Imperial domains of Rus sia, he says, are about three times and a half as large as the empire of France, and their population consists of 8,825,958 males and 9,312,326 females. It has been calculated that on au average 502 persons inhabit an area of five English square miles. The services rendered to the State by the 18,138,284 "domain peasants" during the year 1853 were as follows :—Of the 8,825,958 males about 1,000,000 may be fit to ren der military service, but as the "conscription" in 1853 extended but to 5,500,000 males, only 55,263 soldiers were actually raised. If 10 able-bodied men were taken from every 1,000 "souls" through out the whole of the European part of the Russian empire, there ought to be about 150,000 recruits ; but M. von Reden very justly remarks that the re sult of a general conscription is never what it ap pears to be on paper. In 1853 the gross revenue from the State domains was 48,694,069 silver roubles. The number of domain or Crown peasants was 20,252,000 in 1843, but M. von Reden haS omitted to tell us why the population had within 10 years (between 1813 and 1853) decreased to 18,138,281 souls. THE PENINSULAR MAIL. SouTne.mr-rox, Feb. 27.—This day at noon the Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam-ship ,Xagus, Captain Weeks,: arrived in charge of Lieut. Darby, R.N. The dates of sailing were—Gibraltar, Feb, 18 ; Cadiz, 20 ; Lisbon. 22 ; Oportu and Vigo, 23. The Tagus brings lo first-class, 11 second class, and 10 deck passengers ; also 15 packages of specie (value 5,8741.), and on freight 80 boxes of eggs, 6 casks of wine, 4 boxes of indigo, 30 ditto dates, 172 elephants' tusks, 2 casks of brandy, 291 boxes of chesnuts, 2 ditto plants, 324 ditto oranges, and 25 p.ickages of sundries. Her Majesty's ship Ariel, and the transports Nos. 215, 209, 240, and 140 were at Gibraltar. At Lisbon her Majesty's ship St. George, the float ing battery Glatton, and the steam-transport Europa. On the 22d inst. the Tagus passed the company's steam-ship Sultan, with the outward Peninsular mails, steaming up the Tagus ;. and, on the 26th, the steam-transport Charity steering up channel. BRAZES. Lis4oN, Feb 22.—The Luso-Brazilian steamer Don Pedro 11. arrived here on the 21 , 4 inst. Her dates are—Rio de Janeiro, Jan. 20 ; Bahia and Pernambuco, Jan. 30 ; St. Vincent, Feb. 10 ; Madeira, Feb. 19. She encountered very bad weather on the voyage. At Rio the cholera was still raging, and the deaths were averaging 10 daily ; the same state of things prevailed at Bahia and Pernambuco and the other provinces. There had been a great flatness in the coffee market since the Avon's departure, the sales only reaching 6,000 bags. The exchange transactions were small ; the total on London about 80,0001., principally at 27, at which rate the last transactions were done. In stocks and freights there was litle doing. The rates of exchange were :—London, 27( to 27 ; Paris, 342 to 348; Hamburg, 645. News of a day's later date had reached from Monte Video by an American brig. She, however, brought neither letters nor papers,but merely the report that a great revolt was shortly expected to take place. Altio journal publishes an article on the subject of the corn - muu:cation with the Raver Plate, in the course of which the writer alluded to the British packet service on that route, and while giving all credit to the company for what has been done, re grets that they do not afford better facilities to commerce, and suggests that the voyage) should be made more frequently and opportunely. At Bahia exchanges were effected at 231 to 28 ; on London. At Pernambuco, the exchange was quoted—Lon don, 28i to 28:i ; Paris, 348 rs. per fr. A great deal of rain had fallen, which caused sugars to be very damp, and storekeepers were pressing sales, but the prices still kept up. The British brig' of war &Orgill - ad sailed for Rio deJaneiro. The American barque Shooting Star, bound with oil to New York from the Sandwich Islands, had called for provisions, and on sailing had struck on the rocks of Gsle, opposite the bar of G - oranua, forty.Ailes from Pernambuco, where she was still haresashore. The Brazilian shareholders in the Luso-Brazilian Steam Ship Company had held a meeting at Rio, and among other things the following resolutions were approved, viz., to carry on the line, to re move the seat of direction to Brazil, and to con struct a third steamer. A letter from Rio states that the party of Rosas, which actually dominates in Monte Video, were shortly expecting the return of their chief. The Opinion of Turin of the 25th mentions a slight agitation which, it appears, manifested it elf a few days before among the soldiers of the Anglo- Italian Legion of Novara, in consequence of a rumour, spread by some malicious persons of an insurrection having broken out at Milan, and of the forming of a legion there with better pay. Th e military authorities of Novara having taken pro per precautions no disturbance ensued. "Accounts from Port-au-Prince of the 6th ult. confirm," says the Courrier des Etats Unis, " the re-appearance of the Emperor Faustin I. at Cape Haytien. In order to avenge his defeat he has caused Generals Toussains, Canistre, and a third, whose name is not given, to be shot. Several officers of inferior rank have also been executed, all of them having been accused of treason and connivance with the enemy. No insurrectional movement has taken place in the empire, but it is thought that Soulouque will abandon the idea of re-opening the campaign against the Dominicans, in order to occupy himself with re-establishing his authority, which has been much shaken by the late events." THE STEAMER IRON AGE.—On the 21st of Feb. an English steamer appeared off Toulon, making signals of di,tress. The maritime prefect sent to the aid of this vessel the Vigilant, which took her in tow, and brought her into the Little Roadstead. The steamer is the Iron Age, transport, No, 549, bound for London, with her ;ma chinery disabled. CITY SEJVERS. The members assembled for the despatch of business. Deputy PEACOCK in the chair. Mr. DAw (the chief clerk), presented the annual state ment of the meeting and other details connected with the business of the Court. From that statement it appeared that 123 meetings had been held during the year ; that 2,320 applications of various kinds, chiefly for the removal of dust and ashes, and for cleansing gullies, drains, &c., had been made; that 2,111 notices had been served upon persons to execute various sanitary works on their pre mises ; end that 6,459 houses had been inspected for those purposes ley the inspectors. The statement was ordered to be entered OH the minutes. Mr. T. H. HALL drew the atteation of the Court to the correspondence with Lord de Ros -and the Hon. C. Gore upon the subject, of opening Potorn-row, and George-street, Tower-bill, and said that houses belonging to her Majesty's Commissioners of Woods and Works, there situate were being at the present time pulled down, as was promised by Mr. Gore in last .Tune; and it was ordered that the sur veyor com in un icate with the au hori ties thereupon, and carry into effect the improvement as speedily as possible. THE MY CEMETERY, On the motion of Mr. ABRAHAM, the fees and roles of the cemetery at Little Ilford were referred for recommen dation and revision, in some particulars, to the Improve ment Committee; and it was stated that the difficulties i❑ the way of consecration of the land were now all removed, and in all prob sbility the coaietery would bo opened in about a fortnight. WORKS EXECUTED DURING THE YEAR. Mr. Haywood (the engineer to the cemmissionere) laid before the Court a long report. The following are extracts from some of the most important points : " The length of sewer within the City district is about 41:i miles. The works of under piercing and inverting the Fleet sower were completed in the month of April. The Tower dock outlet has been coutineed by an iron culvert to below low-water lino in the river. The works for the closing of the Preldlo•dock outlet have been completed, and the whole of the sewage formerly discharged by that sewer now diseharges by the Paul's-wharf millet. The slaughter-houses and loeleing-housee continue the same in number as last year." With respect to the smoke nuisance the engineer observes—" It line been only found needful to serve notice upon ono proprietor of furnaces during the year- The consumption of smoke is indeed tolerably well' effected within your jurisdiction as a whole, but there is still room for amendment in some instances. The improve ments in the means of aceeepliebine this now deprive the owners of furnaces, with few exceptions, of alleging as ex cuse that it cannot effectually be done. It may be a sub ject of vast satisfaction to your hon. commission that, as the City of Lendoe was the first section of the metropolis in which me sures for general sanitary improvements were carried out, so also it was the first district in wlkich the consumption of opaque smoke from furnaces was effected, and that by you %ref 0 commenced tha measures for the abetement of a nuisance of which the metropolis is now greatly relieved, and which, from my own personal obser yation, I behave to have resulted in a perceptible ntd-sen sible improvement in the London atmosphere at all times and seasons. With regard to the practice of intramural interments within your jurisdiction, the last of the City churchyards is now closed, the labours of the commission, so far as they consist in providing a substitute for them, aro approaching to a termination by the completion of the City of London Cemetery at Ilford." The report was ordered to be printed and circulated among the members. DEATII OF REAR-ADMIRAL CIODBY. Retired Rear-Admiral John Hardy Godby (1850) died, on the 25th inst., at Surbiton, Kingston-on-Tha,enes. This officer wai son of the late John Godby, Esq., steward of the Royal H )spital, Greenwich, and cousin of Captain John Duff Markland, R.N. We extract the following account of his services from O'Byrne's Naval Biography : " This officer entered the navy June 23, 1794, on board the Monarch, 74, Captain John Cooke, bearing the flag at Newfoundland of Sir Jas. Wallace. On next joining, as midshipman, the Hebe, 38, Capt. Paul Min chin, he assisted, in company with the Melampus, at the capture, July 3, 1795, of six out of 13 French vessels, laden with military stores, and convoyed by a ship of 26 guns, a lugger, and also by two armed brigs, one of which, La V6suve, was likewise taken. Until pro moted to the rank of lieutenant, October 15, 1880, we next find Mr. Godby successively serving in the Tourterelle, Captain John Cooke ; Seahorse, 38, Captain John Peyton ; La Nymphe, 36, C ap . tains J. Cooke and Percy Fraser ; Royal George, 100, flag ship of Lord Bridport, and Amethyst, 36, Captain J. Cooke. La •Nymphe, during the period Of his attachment to her, took, in company with th e an Fiorenco, 36, the French frigates La Resistance, of 48, and La Constance, of 24 guns , March 9 , 1797. Af ter serving nearly five years as lieutenant on the Medite-ra nean, Newfoundland, and home stations, in the Experi ment, Captain John Saville ; Athenienne, 64, Captain Sir Thomas Livingstone ; Lapwing frigate, Captains Alex. Skene and Francis Wm. Fans ; and Marlicea, 38, Captain John Maitland, Lieutenar t Gadby was pro rooted to commander's rank by commission, dated Sept. 25, 1806. His sObsequent appointments were, in 1808-9, to the Rollo, Trompeuse, and Prospero sloops ; in the latter of which he deitroyel a Danish privateer nutter, of 2 guns an i 25 men; near Christiansani, on the caast of Norway, Feb. 17, 1811. lie continued in the Pros pero until his advancement to post rank June 27, .1814 ; and en Oct.. 1, 1813, he accepted the retire ment." PARLIAMEYTARY COMMITTEES. COMMITTEE ON THE ADULTERATION OF FOOD, DRINKS AND DRUGS.—This committee, re-appointed from las session, re-assembled yesterday, for the first time, to continue their inquiry—Mr. Scholefield in the chair The other members being Lord Goderich, Lord C. Ha milton, Mr. Wyse, Mr. Sheridan, Mr. Lockart, Mr Gregson, Mr. Moffatt, Mr. Peacocke, and Mr. Swift. Dr. Taylor, the well-known analytical chemist, under went a long examination. It was for the committee ti determine whether the remedy for adulteration reste, with the Legislature or the public. The quack medicine, so largely sold in the present day contained very drastic purgatives, and as they were frequently used indiscri minately for all diseases, were very injurious to health He was of opinion that the adoption of the French eye tem in cases of detected adulteration would be desirable as well as the establishment of a central board in Lon don for general public supervision. Mr. Aliso-, an es tensive tea merchant, established for upwards of twent: years in Gracechurch-street, deposed to a r‘ , -.lief that th i-taternents male before the committee !ast v-sion wer e itit ely untrue and got up ; that tea was generally pure and that he would challenge the previous witnesses t, produce two p-unds of adulterated tea in the town. It was all assumption to say that sugar was adulterated t, the extent of ten per cent. COMMITTEE Obi TiIE EsTABLISHMENT OF A PUBLIC PRO SECUTOR.—This committee, re-appointed from last ses sion, to c insider the expediency of establishing a Minister of Justice, met, but did not make a quorum. sr. PANCRAS WORKHOUSE. During the past month Dr. Bence Jones, accompanied by ono of the inspectors under the Poor Law Board, ha: been making a searching investigation into the conditiot; of the above workhouse and the general treatment of th( poor. The ordinary meeting of the parish authorities was held yesterday in the Courtliness, King's•road, Camden-town. Mr. Henry Farren, F.S.A., senior churchwarden, in Lb, chair. The following communication was read by Mr. C Hibbard, the cle-k " Poor Law Board, Whitehall, Feb. 25. " Sir,—l am directed by the Poor La w Board to refer yoL to their letter of the Ist of January, 1353, in which taey informed. you that they had thought it necessary, limit) the powers conferred upon them by the 10th anti 11 , h Victoria, chap. 109, sect. 22, and with the consent of thr Lords Commissioners of her Majesty's Treasury to app o r, Dr. Bence Jones to act as an Inspector of Poor Laws for a period of 30 days, for the purpose of conducting, a specia; inquiry into the condition of the workhouse of the parish ei St. Pancras ' with reference mare parti cu l ar l y t o th e num b er of persons that. the workhouse can properly accommodate "Dr. Bence Jones, having compisted the necessary in spections and investigations, has made his report to th, Poor Law Boar.l, and, I am - directed to forward to you for the directors of the poor, the six copies which accom pany this letter. "I am directed to request the immediate attention of the directors to the statements of the report, and to ex press the desire of the Poor Law Board that measures may, without delay, be taken, calculated to remaly the seriou evils adverted to in it. "I am further to request that you will inform the Poor Law Board of the proceedings which the directors tak , upoi, the receipt cf this letter, and of the remedial measures which they propose to adopt. " I am, Sir, &c., " COURTFNAY, Secretary " To the Clerk to the Directors of the Poor, St. Pancras '' The report, which occupies 1.3 pages, descri 1, , ,s the stat« of the workhouse to be highly unsatisfactory. There are 3C{• more in the house than there were in 184 G. The wards are described as being offensive, and al in osiWiihoY;eniilaiion ri four of the six principal wards there was a draught or air from without, passing through the privy into the ward. The medic il officer is reported to have stated that tlo crowding of the wards accounted for the slowness of the recovery of many patients. On one occasion 10 male pa tients and two women were lying on the floor. Mr. Carter, the senior-surgeon, states that the ground-floor infirmary had been so offensive that he considered that certain dis eases, ulcerative stomatitis and dysentery, causing death in some cease, had resulted, and that in the boys' infirmar , he (Hr. Carter) had been nauseated by the offensivenes, proceeding from the ward. The total number of sick is s groat that the infirmaries are incapable of containing them and they are consequently put wherever room can be found the result being great confusion. In the women's receiv ing and casual ward as many as 80 and upwards slep. nightly. In order to test the purity of the air, directions were given that the windows were not to be opened. This was disobeyed. the inmates declaring that if they had net opened the windows they would have been stifled. Omit ting the children, the averaOe space was 164 cubic feet per person. The air contained 1.11 per cent. of carbonic acid. Beth the medical officers of the workhouse stated that the offensiveness of their wards was excessive, and that fever had been the result. Phillips, the nurse, had seen seve ral persons made ill by the foulness of the room, and sirs herself had suffere I from it. The rooms were so crowded that many had no beds or oven ticks to seep on. so they had to lie on the floor, the table, or forme. The occa sional ventilation in some of the wards, by opening the windows, alone prevente I the inmates dying of suffocation. In the men's casual ward it is reported by the surgeons that ten men had passed the night lying naked as close as pos sible, on one of the pleeks. The stench in the night-nurses' sleeping-room is described by Hrs. G , ae as terrible. Test ing the air, it was found to contain 2.75 per cent. of car bonic acid. In the ielent nursery Di. Jones found in bed 25 mothers and 30 childrsn. from 10 months to five week old. The room was very offensive, and contained nearly 2 per cent. of c :rbouic acid. Dice race of the digestive orgae and me enteric disease were prevalent. The children's bed room ix similarly described ;—there had been eight chil dren, between ono and seven years old, sleeping in one bed 4ft. 6in. broad, and sft. 6in. long ; and that cutaneoto• disease had spread from the closeness of the chil The men's day-rooms and insane wards are described as being fearfully overcrowded. One sleeping apartment described as a cellar, where 15 persons sleep. There was re chiasney to the room, and ne means of ventilation, e xce p t one small window in the door. The report adds—" The place was fit for a coal-hole, but not for human beings to sleep in. The laundry is formed out of a cell on the ()ther side of the passage. How the reonired work can be dons in this place .1_ cannot comprehend. Oa the same love' under ground was a low long room seven feet two in. high. containing 32 sleepers." The arrangement for the M in i_ nistration of out-door relief is depicted as most defective. As many as 000 are sometimes relieved in one day. Th, applicants are crowded into pens, the air being most offen sive, frequently causing women to faint. "At half-east 5 o'clock as many as 150 still remained unrelieved. They had no food all day. and many of them stated that they die not expect any until 7 o'clock. Mr. Birchrnore, therelieeing overseer. states that his predecessor died from the effect, of the foul air of this underground office, into which the directors were unwilling to come. Dr. Jones adds—" cannot ;sufficiently stroagly express the opinion I have formed of the evils which result from the cold. wet, foul a i r , a nd fasting which the poor endure. Whileendeavouring to obtain out-door relief, they are exposed to disease, am even to death." " Such a state of things ought not to be tolerated by the Government." The report concludes by recomineuding that the out-door relieving officers should be removed at once. Immediate steps should also be taken to prevent the crowded state of the house by removing the schools. The arrangement by which the casual women are m i xe d with those waiting for admission into the workhouse in the receiving wards is most likely to introduce and keep up an outbreak of low fever. These wards should be im mediately separated. It is very desirable that an entirely new budding should be made for an infirmary, where the access of foul air would be prevented. The cellars for out door relief are described as the worst part of the work house. It is fortunate that death has not taken place among the poor in them. " That disease and death has come out of them is certain, and, although everything has been done that can be done, I know no word more suited to them than horrible.' " Mr. W. D. Cooreet remarked, that although Mr. Bou verie had stated in the House of Commons on Friday that this report land been forwarded to the directors of the poor of St. Pancras, they did not receive it until that morning, the letter accompanying the document being dated the 25th. There was no denying the fact that in the main the report, though very painful, was correct. He therefore moved that the letter be mitered on the minutes, and that it, the report, and the report of the vestry committee on the state of the workhouse, be referred to a committee of five. Mr. F. T. STREETEN seconded the motion. The resolution was carried, and the board broke up. ?fajor•General Sir J. F. Love, the Lieut.-Governor of Jereey, suddenly left that island for Etigla,nd last week, in consequence of a despatch received from the Govern• ment. HANovER.—The Hanoverian Cabinet has survived its recent crisis, the Ministers who had proposed to secede having been induced to retain their portfolios. A decree convoking the Legislative Chambers for the 2d of April next bears the signatures of all the members of the Go vernment. ~. , ... THE IVENSI,EY I).ALE PEERAGE. (Prom the Times of this day.) The Peers of England are reconciled, and the House of Lords, no longer torn by contending factions, resumes its ease and its good humour. Ie Granville acquiesces in the decision of the Committee of Privileges, and will divide no more. Lord Campbell assures the house that he is no longer pugnacious, and, believing himself vie torious, is, with his natural aial unsophisticated simplicity, anxious for peace. Lord Derby wishes Lord Wensleydale to be made an hereditary peer, but admits that he can see advantages in a peerage for life ; his doubt is whether a life peerage be a sufficient honour for eminence in any professional department. Men of literature and science are too much absorbed in their pursuits, soldiers and sailors would disdain the honour, lawyers in full practice could not afford to accept it, and it would tend rather to the length than to the intelligence of the debates. He is afraid of being lawyer-ridden but let him dismiss the apprehension from his mind, for recent events have shown that it is the pride and happiness of lawyer peers to bow their shoulders to the litter in which hereditary nobility is borne rather than aspire to assert the claims of learning and intellect over the pretensions of birth and wealth. Lord Wensleydale is not to intrude upon this newly-established harmony, and Lord Campbell will be spared the pain of ordering the room to be cleared and appealing to physical force, in order to vindicate on the person of an old colleague of the bench his own view of the law. In imitation of the plenipotentiaries, the peers have proclaimed an armistice, and glad indeed should we be could we hope this armistice might lead to the rectifica tion of the boundary which separates modern usur pation from antiquated prerogative. We ventured from the first to anticipate that all this noise and fury, this ransacking of ancient pre cedents, and keeping the house up till midnight, would end without establishing any right, without settling any principle, without increasing any repu tation, and without exciting any violent public in- terest. The squabble has been the topic of the day, but neither 'side haS succeeded in enlisting in its favour popular sympathies, and the people have looked on with wonderful complacencyaud quietude hile oue branch of the Legislature has been de polling the other of its rights. But, the sham ontest being over, the real difficulty succeeds, nd the House of Lords finds that the struggle on the Wensleydale peerage has only opened the way to a much more serious question—the appel late jurisdiction of the house. The peers may succeed in excluding everything except wealth from their political arena, but they must not any longer trifle with the sacred trust they bear es administrators of public justice. On this point they begii to perceive that the public is eutirely in earnest, and that the dream of Lord Lyndhurst, that after having, by whatever means, got rid of peerages for life, things would return to their old state, is as unreal as those hallucinations teat made him during his long political life the l'AistAnt adversary of re f orms be was obliged to adopt, and the unwearied advocate of abuses he wes compelled to surrender. The house was about take measures for reforming its appellate juris diction. It is a was resolution, and one which they cannot too speedily or too effectually carry ow. They have ended where we imagine they should have begun, and have now at last got into train of thought which may, if carefully followed out, had to great advantage to the public and to t wmselves. The appellate jurisdiction cannot ssibly te main in its present state. The committee dl out to be appointed must not delude themselves with the notion that trivial changes will do. It is 5 mply ridiculous to suppose that any eatisfaotory tr bunat can be made by a mere reconstruction of the old ma. oriels. The house has not sufficient power and weight, and no mere re-allocation of Tiarts will : , .u!tice to give it. Assistance must be sought from without, for it is quite clear that the .eieditary peerage will never supply l a wyers enough for a good Court of Appeal, and the ex ieriment of life peeresses is, we may pie sume to not likely to be repeated. This baling so, the 'louse must seek for the elements of a Court of epeeal in some other body than its own. The horror of admitting lawyers -4n act of in ,,ratitude in return for the efforts they have re -ently made on behalf of the peerage, of which hey are the humble admirers—seems universal, ,nd Lord Lansdowne and Lord Derby, agreeing in eothing else, combine in their desire to exclude as much as possible these faithful and valuable auxi !iaries from the house. Then, there is the remedy imposed in the House of Commons, which con sists in giving the judges of law and equity votes on appeals ; in other words, in creating' - ,hem a Court to hear appeals from their Own tecision,. This could be effected at once by' inahling the Court of Exchequer Chamber to pronounce its decisions in the name of - .he House of Lords, and the Lords Justices, the Lard Chancellor, and perhaps the Vi ce -Ch ance ll o rs, o exercise a like jurisdiction over equitable deci sions. This would have the advantage of virtually .weeping away one of the Courts of Appeal, and tiding the suitor in his weary course from one tri meal to another, but it would have the disadvan taee that the Court of Appeal would be composed if persons fully occupied with the ordinary business if their respective courts, and possessing little tuthority or pre-eminence over those judges whose ipinions they might modify and 'averse. For a -supreme Court of Appeal, we should imagine for iurselves a tribunal of higher merit and more illus rious composition, not consisting of the ordinary udges, but of men illustrious among their fellows for learning and acuteness, above the average of udicial ability, and chosen not necessarily from the auks of the judicature. It is worthy of remark -.hat the judge of greatest weight in the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is one who never tdininistered justice elsewhere, and who, contrary to the ordinary opinion, has not ' the adv a nt a ge of exercidng original as well as appellate jurisdiction. Co get the ablest men that can be found, from whatever part of the profession—to pay them iberally—to admit such as are wealthy enough to - he hereditary peerage, and to bestow upom those 'ot sufficiently rich judicial titles, similar to those if the Lords of Session in Scotland—to form such t body into a Judicial Committee of the House of Lords, and thus, while retaining the honour of tchninistering justice, to provide that it shall be 13 well administered as possible —seems the most feasible scheme, and one which, now that the Lords have agreed to suspend the Wensleydale introversy, wo begin to have some hope of seeing carried into effect. THE JAMES BAINES.—The James Baines, from Melbourne, baying been now 94 days out, some dixiety is expressed for her safety ; but, as no )ther vessels have arrived from the same quarter, It is believed she is detained by contrary winds. _tt Lloyd's; yesterday, however, some small risks ,r.!re taken j upon,the ship at 151. 15s, per cent., free ,f average, and atB/. Bs. per cent. upon the gold. Insurances on the cargo of the Pacific steamer, (mg overdue at New York, from Liverpool, have )eti made at 261. 55., free of average. THE MAILS.—SOUTHAMPTON, Feb. 27.—The Penin ,ular and Oriental Company's steam-ship Madrid, Capt. Bradshaw sailed this afternoon with th e ma il s f or Vi g o, iporto, Lisbon, Cadiz, and Gibraltar, 11 passengers, 1,0001. in specie for Lisbon, 22,000/. ditto for Cadiz, and an average general cargo. The Royal Mail Company's , team-ship Atrato, Captain Woolley, is preparing to :nnvey the next outward West India, Mexican, and Pacific mails on Monday next. The Parana, with the qoineward mails from the West Indies, Mexico, and the Pacific is expected about the same date. The United states' mail steamer Hermann, Captain Higgins, sailed this afternoon for New York, with the German, French, and English mails, 90 passengers, and a very large cargo general merchandise, a considerable portion of which is goods transshipped from the unfortunate steamer Belgique. LUCCA AND PISTOJA RAILWAY.—The Monitore Tos• cano announces that the Grand Duke of Tuscany has waived his right of dispossessing the Lucca and Pistoja Railway Company of their concession in consequence of their having failed to have the line ready by the 31st of Dec., 1854. The works are to be continued to meet the Montecatini and Pistoja line, and the whole railway is to be opened to the public before the expiration of nine months. MDLLF. Ram:mi.—A New Ycrk correspondent writes on the 12th inst.:--" Rachel takes her final departure to-day from the United States. She has not been able to fulfil her engagements, which extended to one hundred and fifty perforinancer, and it. is feared she returns with ner health materially impaired. But she carries back with her the affectionate regards of at least two bun ,ired thousand Americans who have seen her impersona tions, and felt her magic power." THE RECENT BURGLARY AT WALWORTH.—A report was circu'ated about town yesterday morning that the woman whose throat was cut by the men who committed the recent burglary at Walworth had died from the effects of the wound. The report, we learn, is untrue-- great hopes are entertained of her recovery. The poor woman has been able to give a full description of the , e3rulars to the detective officers who are in pursuit of them. THE LATE FLOUR ADULTERATION AT WAKEFIELD.— On the hearing of the late flour adulteration case, in which Abraham Ginn, a flour dealer, of Wakefield, was defendant, it will be remembered that 40 bags (13 con sisting of sharps, and ?27 of flour) out of the quantity taken from G'inn's premises were ordered by the magis trates to be retained for the purpose of being analysed, and accordingly the Rev. W. It. Bo wditch and Mr. Scatter, surgeon, on the part of the prosecution, and Mr. Ruse, on behalf of the defendant, were instructed to analyse the same. The analysis being concluded, the result was reported to the magistrates at the Court•bouse on Monday, when the whole of the 40 bags were ordered to be sold for pigs,—,keeds Mercury. MO The I . " 1 7 fin America All oth Vero 10 On ape and M a 6id. • At 31d . i 23. sa . I quietly, til trrism co: e ltl9( Ditto