The Sun. — London, England, 1825-03-03 00:00:00

TILE LONDON JOURNALS• DA 1 IX Extraetsfrom the Morning 13(pers,March 3,1525. rTHE PUBLIC LEDGER.] The last link of the Spanish chain, which had 30 long kept the finest and richest provinces in The New World in a state of the most abject subjection, is now broken ; and Peru is hale pendent. This most important intelligence reach ed ,town — yesterday ; a nd from the official docu ments that_ are to be found in a subsequent co lumn, it will be seen that La Perna, Canterac, and Valdez have submitted to the liberating N. general engagement had previously army. taken place, which occurred on the 9th of Dptember, at a place called Guainanguilla, in which the Royalists were totally routed. General Sucre commanded the Colombians, and the Viceroy, La Serna, who was opposed to him, is said to have been severely wounded. In the capitulation that followed, by which the Royalist troops agreed to lay down their arms, there is a stipulation for the immediate surrender of the important fortress of Callao, in which, it is reported, that the Asia and other Spanish shipS of the line in that port are included. It -would appear that General Bolivar was at Lima when the fate of Peru was decided at Guaman guitla ; and we mention this circumstance„merely to chew that the independence of South America does not depend on his single arm, much as it is indebted to his exertions. His services in the cause will constitute, it is true, the grateful theme of all future ages ; and, however high the destinies_ that may await mankind, his name will still re tain its lustre, amidst every successive change for the better in the condition of civil society. But, his merits, prominent as they are, do not consti tute the single guarantee, upon which the fortunes of South America rest ; and, from the decisive battle, which has sealed, we trust for ever, the independence of Peru, it is clear that they have another prop in the talents of General Sucre. There are, however, many men on the same side, the:,: had the same opportunity, would signalize themselves in a manner equally honour able ; and, in this respect, their cause distin guishes itself from that of their opponents, that it never can want a leader capable of sustaining its energies. On the contrary, the triumphs of despotism have been always due to•the mere ac cident of an extraordinary man having been ar rayed on its side ; and it uniformly declined with the disappearance of the accidental circumstance, which had thrown round it a temporary halo.-- The deep interest which the people of this coun try have in the independence of the. New World, is too well appreciated, to requrrethat'ive should say much on the subject. As freemen they sym pathize with the efforts 'of every people who are struggling to raise themselves to the same rank ; as every victory that freedom acquires in one part of the world, strengthens the cause in every other place. The liberties of the New World, in proportion as they acquire consistency,serve to impart stability to those of the people of Foegland ; and in this point of view alone the inde pendence of the New American States - would be of inestimable value to the British nation. In the Old World every thing seemed to merge, until very recently, into despotism ; and, with this general tendency, it became a problem, how long England could resist the impulse. The contagi ous-effects of example, and the influence of never ceasing intrigue, would have evaporated with open violence ; and how long we could have main tained our ground against the rest of the world would be very problematical. But the triumphs of freedom in the New World have, in a great measure, or rather wholly, removed this cause of alarm, by rousing our energies as touch as they have paralyzed those of the partisans of arbitrary power. As a commercial people, too, we have an interest in the triumphant efforts of our Transatlantic brethren, only se condary to that we have just mentioned. Their markets literally offer a boundless field for the employment of British capital, and for the display of the enterprising spirit of the British merchants. Our trade with them is certain to keep pace with their prosperity ; and that there are no limits to that prosperity, whilst it is based upon the principle of good government, we know from our own experience. By their alliance, also, they will add to our weight in the political scale of the world ; and, in our various relations,. as a free, commercial, and powerful people, we have the deepest stake in the fortunes of the new American States, and must exult in their success almost as much as if it were the result of our awn efforts. [TIIE TIMES.] In another part of our paper will be found an official account of the triumph of the Independent cause in Peru.--( See THE SUN of yesterday.) — This brilliant success, which may be regarded as the decisive blow to Spanish dominion in the western world, was exclusively communicated to the public in a considerable portion of our yes terday's impression. In our paper of Thursday last, we published official bulletins, or a regular narrative of events, from Bolivar's head-quarters, down to the 4th of October. Ilk army was then at Chuquileamba, in pursuit of the Spanish forces commanded by the three Generals who still adhered to the cause (not of Ferdinand, f o r they were Constitutionalists, but) of the mother country. A long interval of more than sig weeks intervenes between that time and the date o f th e dispat c h f rom Li ma o f t h e 18t h o f December, during which we have no details of the p ro ceedings of the Liberat o r, the progress and positions of his troops, or the marches and enemies. W e have, manoeuvres of his indeed, in that interval, one glorious day, the result of which is su ffi cient to satisf y our wishes , though our cariosity may for some time remain engratified. It will probably be found that the distinguished leader of the Independent army havingdonealithat he could to bring . the Spaniards to actio n on the Apurimac, and being unable to effect his pur po,- bx their continued retreat, stationed his army between them and the capital, and pro ceeded to Lima to organize the Government, considering the war as terminated when he had left the enemy no resource but in flight—no safety but in dispersion or submission. In sup port of this supposition, it ought to be recollect ed that Bolivar was appointed, not only the -Mi litary. Chief but the Political Dictator of Peru, and that he had to restore the internal Govern ment, as well as subdue foreign usurpation. It is not improbable that the Spanish Generals, learn ing his absence from the army, may have thought the occasion favourable for striking a blow—a pro ceeding which was rendered the mere urgent from the threatening position of Olaneta. Another con jecture may he hazarded on this subject, as from the absence of fact we are left to hypothesis.— Taking the dispatches as they stand, we find that Bolivar is absent ; we find that his second in command fights a decisive battle, and that not only are the enemy's troops defeated, but the four Generals who commanded them are taken prisoners. To explain this, may we. not suppose that the plan of submission had been arranged before the engagement, and that defeat was only the excuse for terminating a resistance which was now considered as desperate ? After the defection of Olaneta, and the commencement of hostilities between him and his colleagues, in the face of their common enemy, and in a posi tion where their success, if not their existence, depended upon their union, nothing could sur prise us in the conduct of Spanish Chiefs. But, whatever were the circumstances in which this battle was fought,and whatever was the previous conduct of the parties who engaged in it, it is gratifying to think that it puts an end in one day to a long course of colonial oppres sion, and terminates a series of not very san-' guinary, but certainly very hopeless conflicts on the part of the mother country. The whole of Spanish Continental America may be now regarded as free from the yoke of Ferdinand and his . advisers, and except in the small fortress of St. Juan de Ulloa, not a single Spanish soldier exists with arms in his hands in any part of the ancient American dominions of the Spanish Crown. The conquests of Cortes and Pizarro— the empires of Montezuma and of the Incas—are now as free from the despotic influence of Old Spain as they were about three hundred years ago, before a Spanish adventurer approached their shores. What a glorious spectacle is present ed to civilized Europe in the changes which have occurred, not since the discovery of the Western World, but in the last two or three years of its history—twenty million of men occupying a vast continent containing unexplored and incalculable resources—suddenly shaking off the bondage and prejudices of three centuries—adopting institu tions calculated to promote their commercial eminence and secure their civil freedom, and starting on their political career from a point which ancient states have reached only by slow degrees, and after painful struggles, in possession of all the knowledge of enlightened times, and intimately connected by relations of trade and friendship with the two greatest nations of the world—England and the United States—which aid their exertions, and rejoice in their rising prosperity ! [NEw TIMES.] There cannot be a more striking proof of the marked distinction which exists in the minds of Englishmen between their sentiments toward the Catholics, and toward the Catholic Association, than the Parliamentary division of yesterday morning, and that of the morning of Wednesday se'unight. The Catholic Association was con demned by a majority of 278 to 123: the Ca tholics were supported by a majority of 247 to 234. This distinction we have drawn as strongly as it was in our power to do. We re probated the Catholic Association, because we considered it to be dangerous to the Consti tution and injurious to the Catholics them selves ; hut we have always expressed our ardent hope, that by wise and conciliatory measures the religious animosity which exists between Pro testant and Catholic might be extinguished. We dreaded the results of such an animosity—results alike perilous, in our view of the subject, to the Church of England and to the State of Eng land. Nye had hoped that the Catholic Ques tion would have beets brought forward by one of these eminent persons on the Minis terial side of the House who had so recent ly avowed their sentiments in its favour. Our only reason for that wish was, that it might ❑ot have the appearance of a party question. Can dour, however, obliges us to confess, that Sir Francis Burdett did not treat the subject at all in the spirit of party. He was seconded by a Ministerial Member : and upon the whole, there was never perhaps a Debate conducted more purely on national grounds than that which was concludFd yesterday morning. The ap pearance of MS. Canning struggling with severe indisposition to give the powerful aid of his eloquence to the Hon. Baronet, to whom he is politically so much opposed, presented a striking feature in the debate ; nor must we overlook the important fact, that Mr. Stuart Wortley, the Re presentative of the vast and wealthy County of York, came forward to proclaim his decided opi nion that there never would be peace in the Em pire until the Catholic Claims were conceded.— Upon the whole, this great question appears to he now placed in a fair train for candid discus sion. It would he idle, however, to deny that opinions are greatly divided on it in England, or to expect that great difficulties may not yet arise in carrying any salutary measure on the subject through both Houses of Parliament. [MORNING POST.] The independence of the New Work) is esta blished. The,feeble remnants of war which lin gered in Peru have 'passed away, as they bad previously done from the other States; and throughout the vast expanse of the south er n limb of the American Continent, there is not at this moment one Spanish division in arms in the cause of Ferdinand and DOfficial D e spotism. Dispatches from Lima, dated the 18th of De cember, and addressed to the Colombian Go vernment, by order of Bolivar, were received yesterday from Carthagena, and have brought this, important and gratifying intelligence.—lt appears that the action w hichannihilated th e Spanish power in the New World was fought on the 9th of December by the allied army under General Sucre, and the collected forces of La Serna, Valdez, Canterac, Carratela; in a word, all the Spanish Chiefs who still maintained the contest, and who were all taken prisoners by ohe triumphant Patriots. The battle took place in the plains of Guamanguilla, the seat of the pretended victory claimed by the Madrid Gazette, which must have known the real state of the case at the time when it published that gross fabrica tion. The Viceroy La Serna having been wound ed early in the action, resigned the chief com mand to Canterac, who finding himself completely overpowered, capitulated with his whole army and all the Generals belonging to it, and even stipu lated and sent orders for the surrender of the fortress of Callao,of the Spanish ships of war (the Asia and the frigates) lately arrived from Europe, and of all the Royal Chiefs in other parts of the country. Bolivar seems to have been at that period in the capital, probably engaged in or ganizing the Government. The copies of the Capitulation, the orders sent by Canterac and the dispatches of General Sucre had not reach ed him, as Lieutenant-Colonel Medina, who carried them, had been attacked and killed on his way by some Royalists, but he had received dis patches from General Santa Cruz, announcing the event, and confirming it in all its particulars. So well satisfied was he of its correctness, that he had not only ordered it to be communicated to the Colombian Government, but had counter manded the new levies making in Colombia, for the prosecution of the war, and had declared that he considered the 4,000 men of the Panama ex pedition quite suclicient to secure the indepen dence of Peru. This important, but not unex pected intelligence, is the more gratifying, as it coined in support and proof of the wisdom and timely aptitude of the policy adopted by hi:, Majesty's Ministers towards the South Ame rican States, and will enable them to render general what has hitherto only been a partial measure. As soon as official accounts of these glorious events shall have been commu nicated in due form to our Government, there is no doubt that the recognition granted to • Mexico, Colombia, and Buenos Ayres, will be extended to Peru and to Chili, which is no longer exposed to danger through its vicinity to the seat of war. Even the most fastidious Mem bers of the Holy Alliance have WO excuse left for withholding a similar recognition, and though it is not likely that they will be wise enough to do so just and political an act immediately, they can no longer complain of its being done by others. [BRITISH PRESS.] The Paris papers of Sunday are filled in great measure with the South American intelligence, received in London last week. They also contain some ad vices from Greece, bringing no fresh news, but contradicting the groundless rumours respect ing the landing of a Turkish force in the Morea. The Austrian Observer, the persevering a n d de termined foe of the Greeks, is compelled at last to admit that all is well on their side, though it adds, Ibrahim Pacha" will make preparations for a real expedition." The edi tor of theEtollecomments with just severity on the idle and absurd malignity of this passage. The' preparations" of the Turks for the re-conquest of the Peloponnessus are not much less ridiculous than those of Ferdinand VI C. for the subjugation of South America. The Austrian Observer repeats, after the Greek Jour nals, without venturing to contradict the fact, that the " internal troubles of the Morea are entirely appeased ;" and it states on its own au thor that Omar Pacha has proceeded with his troops from Arta to Joannina, contrary to the Sultan's order to repair to Salonichi. " If this be the case," adds the Austrian Observer, " there is nothing for him to do, but formally to join the insurgents." In _this way, as we have often predicted, the insurrection against Ottoman despotism will spread, until the empire is in danger of a general dismemberment, from the intolerable pressure of the vices of its weak and barbarous Government. The difficulty will be, not for the Greeks to withstand the attacks of a Power, which, for the last.four years, it has " beaten and humbled " in every campaign, and in every encounter, but in case the war he con tinued, for the Turks to find the means of hold ing together the unwieldy and heterogeneous mass which yet submits to their sway. The Journal des De'!bats states, that it is believed at Paris, by persons of good information, that the object of Prince de Metternich's visit to that capital is to ascertain the opinion of the French Cabinet relative to the affairs of Greece. The mission of Mr. Stratford Canning to St. Pe tersburgh is also said to be exclusively directed to the same end. M. de Metternich will remain at Paris until May. lie will afterwards proceed to Milan, where, it is said, an interview will take place between the Emperors of Russia and Aus tria. The Greek Committee at Paris is diligently and effectively employed in aiding the cause of the Patriots. " Let us hope," says the Journal des Debats, in conclusion, " that the year will not pass away without the policy of Europe be ing fixed both with regard to Greece and Ame rica. Finally, legitimacy, reason, and liberty, must make themselves heard." - • [MORNING HERALD.] There was, last night, in the House of Com mons, an extended conversation on the Liver pool and Manchester Railway Bill ; it had ex cited so much interest, that the House and the gallery were nearly as crowded as when Sir F. Burdett brought forward the Catholic Question on the previous evenin g .. It was slightly opposed on the ground that it would interfere with the Bridgewater Canal, etc. - where vast sums were invested on Parliamentary faith. Mr. Huskisson defended the Bill, as a public man ; not on ac count of his connection with Liverpool, maintain ing that the commerce of that part of the k in g dom had, within a short tim e , q u a drupled—that it had doubled within th e l as t two or three years , while the means of conveyance remained the same. Se veral other Members spoke in favour of the Bill, many of them b e i ng I r i s h Members, all the Members from that part of the - U nited Kin g dom having received i ns t ruc tions from th eir consti tuents to support this Bill. It was read a se cund time, and sent to an open Committee, but not till Mr. Brougham had expressed the hope that in such a Committee there would be no " corrupt jobbing" for votes. He added, if he heard of any thing of the kind, on whatever side it might be, he should move the Call of the House, for the sake of public justice and example, and the credit of the Commons, that the decision of the Committee, whatever it was, should be negatived ; and he trusted the he should have the support of the House in such proceeding—a sentiment that was loudly cheered. Incidentally much was said, by Mr. Macdonald, Mr. Brougham, &c. of the late Duke of Bridgewater's confidence in his Canal Scheme, and in his engineer, Mr. Brindley ; but so great were the Duke's sacrifices, in promotion of his plans, that it was declared he had at one time " expended his last guinea, and mort gaged his lost acre." Sir 11. Parnell gave notice that, April 14, he should move that the House resolve into a Committee on the Acts relative to the Irish Linen Trade and Bounties. Mr. Beaumont, Mr. Probyn, the Marquis of Tavistock, &c., were ordered to be taken into custody of the Serjeant at Arms, for not having attended the late Call of the House ; but the order was only just made against Mr. Beaumont when he appeared in the lobby One of the messengers announced to him that " he was in custody ;" on payment of the fees, he was re leased from the virtual detention. The fees for a County Member (Mr. B. represents Northum berland) are 101. 3s. 4d, ; but for a Burgess, only 71. 6s. Sd. These and other fees go to a fund at the Treasury, according to a recent Act, to pay the fixed salaries of the Clerks and Officers of the House. Messengers will be sent in pur suit of the other Members, to follow them where ever they may be ; and the Members will have to pay the expellees of such journeys, in addi tion to the specified fees of the Serjeant at Arms. Mr. Brougham moved that the several Members be taken into custody. [MORNING CHRONICLE.] The Liverpool and Manchester Rail-road Bill, which is very ungraciously opposed by certain exalted individuals, was read a second time last night, and referred to a Committee. If the aver ments of the projectors of the Rail-road shall be substantiated in the Committee, we really think the rejection of this Bill would reflect deep dis grace on all who contributed to sucit a result. — Mr. Iluskisson, in a speech which did him great credit, made several statements which no one at tempted to contradict, namely, that goods have been delayed, both at Manchester and Liverpool, a fortnight at a time, for want of conveyance, to the great injury of the com merce of those places—that there would he abundant employment for both the ex isting Canals and the Rail-road, and that allowing for any possible diminution of rate of carriage on the Canals, the remuneration would still be ample. Mr. Phillips, who opposed the motion, questioned the accuracy of the calcula tions of Mr. Sandars, establishing a great supe riority in dispatch in the case of the Rail-road, and contended that the distances by water were exaggerated ; but he did not question the state ' ment, that goods were often long delayed at pre sent for want of conveyance ; and even allowing ' therefore, that the advantages of the Rail-road were exaggerated, the only losers, in that case, would be the projectors. If the Rail-road can not he put in successful competition with a Canal, as he alleges, so much the better for the Holders of Shares in Canals. We trust, with Mr. Brougham, that " the House will now do its utmost to redeem its credit with the coun try on the subject of business of this kind."— It would be a dreadful thing, indeed, if one or two rich individuals, actuated merely by caprice, were to succeed in throwing impediments in the way of the successful prosecution. of manu facturing industry and commerce in such an im portant district as the one in question. We can not, however, anticipate any such influence to individuals as that they will succeed in putting down an undertaking, which the most distinguished commercial men of Liverpool and Manchester have deemed of importance. The eyes of the country will, however, be fixed in tensely on the Legislature on the occasion ; and should the measure fail, without any satisfactory reason accounting for it, the discontent among commercial men will no doubt be very great. ST. PETERSEURGH, FEB. 2.—The Governor. General of the Baltic Provinces, Lieut.-General PATILUZZI, will shortly lead to the Altar of Hymen the accomplished Ma demoiselle COBELET, daughter of Major-General C The lady was only recently appointed to be one of the Dania d'Honneur to their Majesties the Empresses.—A day or two ago a society of reputed gamblers were arrested upon high authority in this city, and committed to prison. —The Council of the Empire have determined that the value of the silver ruble shall be fixed at 3 rubles 60 copecs in all commercial dealings, which Decree has been confirmed by the Emperor. It was formerly notified that the Foreign Bureau would pub lish a weekly list of the foreign trade, &c. in this capital. NVe can now add, that the Minister of Finance will, in like manner, publish a journal, which will exhibit the state of internal trade, and the progress made in manufactures. Mr. Von STituvE, College Assessor, son of Mr. Von S. many years his Majesty's representative at Hamburgh, has been honoured by the Em peror with the order of Knighthood of Saint Wladimer, fourth class, as a reward for his great industry, zeal, anti abilities. According to a Berlin paper of the 15th ult., it appears,that in the early part o f the month the mountains of Silesia had been visited with storms o f a most tempestuous nature, accompanied with so heavy a fall of snow as was not remembered by any one living. On the 3d February the weather had reached what might be term ed the very acme of tempestuousness. The snow continued to fall incessantly for thirty hours. In the district of Neurode, laden waggons were buried so deep in the snow that it was necessary to unyoke the horses to prevent them from perishi ng ; the waggons were afterwards dug ou t w i th great diffi cu lty. At Wesel on the sth, at t wo o ' clock i n t h e after noon, the lightning twice struck the church steeple, and killed a watchmaker, who happened to be in the steeple at the time. AV Dorsten, on the same day, three poor men perished from the inclemency of the weather. FRENCH LAW OF SACRILEGE. We have before called the attention of our Readers to the light which the spirit of Popery derives from the Law against Sacrilege lately proposed in France, and which, as we have briefly informed our Readers, has actually passed, to the disgrace of that nation, and the indelible in famy of a creed calling itself religion. It is our wish that our Readers should now be apprised of some facts and arguments connected with it, which we offer to all men of plain unsophisticated sense, whose conclusions it would be superfluous to anticipate. Our Readers will recollect that the Papists of France, so far from referring, with their brethren of England, all the cruelty practised by Popery in the Middle Ages to the character of the times rather than that of the religion, are ready to de fend the most barbarous excesses of the most bar barous periods, and use them as precedents for new atrocities. In this " most intolerant of nations" it is matter of little surprise that an at tempt to justify the murders of the Protestant martyrs, much less to ground on them enact ments for the future, would not be tolerated ; but these near examples may instruct us what we may expect were the liberal Papists of this coun try to share the direction of Government. From the last report, however, of the French Minister on this diabolical measure, we find that the French Papists are disposed to go much further than to the justification of their brethren of the Middle Ages ; all the cruelties of Heathen su perstition, it seems, are to be pressed into the service, Popery thus declaring openly that she confirms and adopts Paganism, a charge which has been frequently and successfully brought against her, although she has hitherto been anxious to refute it. The following are the concluding passages of the Report:— " It is necessary, then, that the chastisement may be corn mensurate with the crime, to apply the severest punishment, that of parricide. And let it not be said that this has only been done in the barbarism of the Middle Ages, for it marks th.) laws of the most enlightened nations of antiquity. lir EGYPT, AT ATHENS, sacrilege, perjury, blasphemy, were punished with death." So, then, Popish France is not only imitating the Middle Ages, but those enlightened nations, EGYPT and ATHENS ! It is true that there is suf ficient resemblance between the eatable Gods of Egypt and France, but this is the first time we ever knew the Papists provoke the. com parison. " Porrum et cape nefas violare et frangere morsu. 0 sanctas gentes, quibus lixc nascuntur in hortis Numina!" This also is the first time we ever knew the Papists bold enough to vindicate the religious po licy of Heathe❑ Athens, which put to death the great and holy Socrates, for daring to assert the truths of religion against a senseless and brutal idolatry. There is no inconsistency in this con duct, but its audacity is certainly not a little surprising. To proceed : " At Rome, NOT INDEED SINCE CHRISTIANITY PLACED HER THRONE THERE, BC T IN THE TIMES OF IDOLATRY , sacrilege, like parricide, was punished by fastening the culprit in a sack, together with noxious animals, and throwing hint alive into the Tiber. So says the Law of the XII Tables ex pressly :—Sacrum sacrove commandatum qui depserit rapse ritve parricide este. France must not be less zealous for th. , holy religion which she professes than were the heathen' for their false ones." Here we have the Papists pleading guilty to more than Dr. MIDDLETON% charge of perpetu ating the creed of ancient Rome under other names. For here, by their own confession, Christianity expelled from Rome the barbarous enactments of superstition. But this will not do for our modern Papists ; they must have old Rome again, pure, unadulterated, Heathen Rome, with no leaven of Christianity ; not as she has been "since Christianity placed her throne there, but as she was IN THE TIMES OF IDOLATRY•' If this is not plain speaking, what will convince the people of England ? What pity that the sapient legislators of France did not send deputations to the Hindoos and Hottentots, to find what maxims they hold which might be serviceable to CHRISTIAN LEG'S" LATORS ! They might, doubtless, have greatly enriched their argument with examples. The Mohammedans, we believe, strike cif heads and hands without much ceremony: they too might have furnished precedents and arguments innumerable. To conclude :—France is the most tolerant of nations, and Popery—but let our Readers deter mine what that is for themselves. x. COAL MARKET, MAnca 2. Ships at Market. Ships sold Price. 35i Newcastle - . 204 -28 s Ed to 3-5,4 Gel 3i Sunderland • - 2 -34 s Od to .10e MARRIED. On the 2d inst., at Hackney, Mr. Thomas Rudd, jun., to Elizabeth, second daughter of Prideaux Selby, Esq., of liat place. DIED. On the Ist inst., Charles Yarnold, Esq., surgeon, Great St. Helen's, in the 45th year of his age. On the 18th of January last, at Gibraltar, of a bilious fever* Georgette, wif e o f C a p t . Francis Rawdon Che sney, R. A. On the 19th u lt., Mr. J. S. Stoddard, at Paradise-roil. Rotherhithe, and late of the Stock-Exchange, aged 73. Printed and Published for the PROPRIETORS, at the Stir(' OrricE, No. 112, Strand, by J. B. CARSTAIRS.