The Sun. — London, England, 1834-10-16 00:00:00

FRENCH PAPERS. PARIS, OCT. 14.—The Minister of Foreign Affairs ar rived at Paris yesterday. M. Lowenkjelm, the Ambassa dor of Sweden, whose approaching return was announced almost with an air of triumph by the Moniteur, in fact ar rived yesterday, but be passed through St. Petersburgb, to which city he was sent by King Bernadotte to be present at the erection of the Alexandrine column. This, it must be confessed, is a singular preparation for coming to enter on the function of ambassador at Paris, while Marshal Maison so well understood the character of that solemnity, that he thought it his duty to refrain from being present at it.— Messager des Chambres of Oct. 15. BAYONNE, OCT. 9.—" Another General, Osma, retires from the contest in the northern provinces. Caratala takes his place at Vittoria. It is said that a new Carlist Chief named Campano has shown himself in Castille. It seems no longer doubtful that a vast conspiracy has been disco vered in the capital. Among the persons implicated and arrested are three Brigadier Generals. " Persons who come from Navarre give a most afflicting account of the state of that province, where the cholera rages in the most dreadful manner. a All that is known of Zumalacarregui is that be is on the plains (Rivera) towards Tafalla and Tudela, at which points the insurgents had not yet ap peared, and was going towards the confines of Arra gon. He must certainly have an understanding with other bands in these parts. It is probable that some columns of the army will be detached against him. "We still hear the firing of musketry in the Bastan. It is the Carlists again attacking, but without success, Eli sondo, which is now well stocked with provisions, and has a good garrison." TO - TMON, OCT. B.—" Dispatches were transmitted this morning, by the Lanzpron, to the squadron, anchored off the Hieres Islands. " The Arthemise, which put to sea yesterday, has orders, after delivering its despatches to Capt. Lalande, to go to Alexandria, where it is thought necessary to have a ship of the first class." Amounts from Toulon say that the squadron returned to its anchorage off the Hieres on the 7th, in the evening. If this is all that it does, our seamen will not derive much in struction from its cruise. A letter from Calcutta says a dreadful fire had for 16 days ravaged whole forests, from a surface of eight square miles in extent (170 square miles English). A dense smoke rises, above which is the most brilliant flame. All the snrronnding houses have suffered from this conflagration. The damage is immense. A heavy rain put an end to the ravages of this fire.—Messager des Chambres, Oct. 14. FRENCH FUNDS.—FARDI, OCT. 14. Five per Cents., 105 c. 90c. 75L. Four per Cents., 93f. —c. Three per Cents., 78f. 20c. 20c. 25c. Rente de Naples, 95f. 85c. 90c. B'c. Roman Five per Cents., 97% Y.. Rente d'Espagne, Five per Cents., 45 453¢ 44%. Rente d'Espagne, Three per Cents., 293 a Royal Spanish Loan, 28 26. Rente Perpet:cl'Espagne. Five per Cents., 44 40 2 43,4 Belgian Loan, Five per Cents , 9934. BRUSSELS AND GERMAN PAPERS. BRUSSELS, OCT. 14.—Yesterday there was a grand din ner at the Palace. The Marquis of Lansdowne was among the persons invited. Her Majesty the Queen of the French, accompanied by Princesses Clementine and Mary, Countess Maier, Ma dame Angelet, and Count de Montesquieu, will arrive here to-morrow. The Queen and Princesses will be at the Palace of Laeken. Mr. Hamilton, Secretary to the English Legation, is gone for a few days to Frankfort, on private business. The Journal du Commerce d'Anvers says that the police Lad forcibly entered on the 11th of October, in the morn ing, the house still occupied by M. Cramer and his children. Five or six gendarmes, with a commissary, of police entered the house while a dozen others kept guard outside. Their object was to see whether M. Cramer, who has been conducted to the Dutch frontier, had ventured to come back to see his family. They, of course, sought in vain. Those gentlemen had not any orders to act in this manner ; at least, on being asked by Mad. Cramer to show their authority, they either would not or could not exhibit it. We hear that that lady intends to prosecute them for this unauthorized violation of her residence. BRUSSELS, OcT. 13.—M. L. C. Dansaert, ship-broker, has given notice that the proposed regular communication between London and Brussels has commenced, by the ar rival of the Belgian ship La Suene, which sailed from London on the 10th inst. Once a week a ship will leave Brussels with goods for the different ports of Holland. The King has just resolved that the officers of the army, before they can obtain promotion, must have held the same rank is the army for at least three years. M. Lebeau set out yesterday for Namur, to enter on his functions as Governor of that province. He had firs long conference with his predecessor, Baron de Strassart. BELGIAN FUNDS.—Bausagts, Om 14. Actual Debt, 2 34 per Cent. 52 Rothochild'a Loan, 5 per Cent 99 Loan of the City, 1832,4 per Cent. 97 .—Bru3sels Papers, Oct. 15, Issratici, OCT. 6.—His Majesty, the Emperor, by a resolution, dated Brunn, Aug. 31, 1834, has received with peculiar satisfaction the address of the Estates of Tyrol ; thanking him for the present of the marble statue of An dreas Hofer, adding, " that his Majesty had felt a strong desire to present to the Estates a monument, which was, at the same time a record of the loyalty of the faithful Ty rolese.---.FranAlort Papers, Oct. 12. ROME, SEPT. 28.—Yesterday morning Don Miguel ar rived in this city from Genoa, and alighted at the Palace, which he has hired. The evacuation of Ancona, so long talked of, seems to have met with some obstacles, France, it is said, having an nexed conditions to this evacuation which our Government will not and cannot agree to, though by a preceding con vention the evacuation of the legations by the Austrians was to depend on the departure of the French from Ancona. As there is no longer any reason to fear for the tranquillity of these provinces, and the Papal military force is very con siderable, it is to be hoped that a measure will be at length accomplished which would be so advantageous to our finances. These, however, are so far regulated, that the Treasurer hopes to do without a loan this year, though se veral offers have been made, chiefly by French houses, which the Treasurer has declined. The accounts from Naples prove to the most incredulous what they are to think of the Constitution so much talked of. A circular of the Government to all the superior offi cers in the provinces, officially contradicts the report that it i; mtended to introduce a Constitution, and is said to acs d,that the King considers it as his most sacred duty to preserve the State and its institutions as he received them from his ancestors ; and that all the reports on the subject are the inventions of malicious persons, who will be delivered ever to justice. Later accounts speak of numerous arrests by order of the Minister of Justice, Del Carretto ; among them is mentioned the son of Count Carnaldoli, who re ceived that title from Murat, with the monastery of that tame. The negotiations for the marriage of the Prince with the daughter of the King of the French are broken off, and not likely to be renewed, as all influence from Paris has ceased. It is said that the Prince of Capua will marry a German Princess. Cardinal Albani, the richest Prince of the Church, Legate of Urbin and Pesaro, is said to be so dangerously ill, that n e ws of his death is hourly expected. He is above 84 years of age, and has hitherto enjoyed uninterrupted health.— Allgepteine Zeitung, Oct. 10. A singular circumstance took place at Sandgate, on Saturday ; the tide had been rising very rapidly all the morn ing, a nd when it came to the usual height every body was sur priaed to find it still rising ; presently it overflowed the whole beach, and the inhabitants began to fear for their dwellings, 'when luckily it began to abate, but not before it had swept away ;even boats and two machines. HOP INTELLIGENCE.—The extreme lightness of the hops in the present season, and the necessity of picking, in some instances, 1,800 instead of 1,200 or 1,300 bushels to a ton, may be accounted for in the following ways. The ex tremely hot weather, and the sudden ripening of the hops, caused each individual hop to swell, and the leaves composing it to expand. This, of course, made it take up more room in the bushel measure, which, consequently, was much easier filed. The hops, although full of condition, were miserably short of seed, the absence of which would hardly alter the bulk of the hops, but would make a woful deficiency in the weight. To these two causes—namely, the swelling of the h o pe, and the absence o f th e see d —may b e attr ib ute d t h e com parative deficiency of weight, compared with the bulk, which will probably materially lower the duty when the whole year's growth shall have passed through the scale.—Maidstone Gazettel PEST, SEPT. 28.—dn the celebrated vineyards ill the environs of Ofen and Pest the vintage has been for this fortnight in full progress, and promises the most prosperous result. The present year will be numbered among the most remarkable, both as to the quality and quantity of wine. The produce is on an average nearly threefold greater than th a t o f the preceding year, and in quality the vintage of 1834 will scarcely be excelled by that of 1811. The reports are equally favourable from the other districts of Hungary. Th e new wine sells at Ofen for from two to three florins the eime r , b ut in proportion as Providence has this year provided us abun dantly with the juice of the grape, it has sparingly supplied us with pure water. The extraordinary summer which we have ust experienced, unexampled perhaps for its drought, and ac companied by a scorching he ci.gas dried up many streams, ponds, and springs, so that ~many parts of the country a real famine for water prevails. Numbers of cattle and sheep have died for want of water and deficiency of fodder. The Danube between Ofen and Pest has fallen lower than it was ever seen within the memory of man . I n Of en th e wan t o f drinkable is water felt, but Pest is still pretty well supplied. PRICES OF STOCKS THII Bank Stock .......... ......221 2 1 .4 _ll4 DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. New 5 per Cent. India Stock 3 per Cent. Red. .. /.9A ?4 3 per Cent. Cones % tW, per Cent 99% Ditto Red. New 34 per Cent. 94 3 4 .-4 Agsented 99% 4 per Cent. iDissented - Rank Long Annuities te expire Jan. 3, 1860...... ...... 16 13-16 17 Oct. 10, 1539 ._.. 16% Jan. 5, 18th l7!ti 5-1; Jan. 5, lABO - April 5, 1880 - Jan. 5, 18711 1 PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS Austrian Bonds lO3 Belgian Bonds 10 1 34 Ditto Account 10074 Brazilian Bonds 7t;f4 Ditto Account — Buenos Ayres Bonds 3O Ditto Account .......... S c lii Milian Bonds 33IA Ditto Account — Columbian Bonds :2s'h Ditto Account — Columbian Bonds, 1824 2o'i Ditto Account 3l Danish Bonds 7B 5 , 4 Ditto Account — Greek Bonds — Ditto Bonds, 1825 — Ditto Account — Mexican Bonds 5 per cent — Ditto Account — Ditto, 6 per cent. 404 Ditto Account — Neapolitan — PRICES OF SHARES THI itolanos Mining Company British Copper Comp-ny . United Mexican (issued at 21. pm.) , Ditto Subscription Ditto New Scrip Australasia Bank Ditto Pond, l7 15 17 pm. South Sea Stock - Old Annuities - New Ditto - 3 per Cent. Annuities, 1:51 -- , Exch. Bills, .£1, 11 '0......40 .8 40 pm. 'Ditto 500 42 40 pm Ditto Small 42 40 pm. Ditto Commercial pin Ditto Advertise , Bank Stock for Opening - India Stock for Account - Consols for Account 9 l 90X THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK, I Peruvian Bonds . PRICES OF IRISH STO Ditto Account Portuguese Bond. Ditto Account — Ditto New Bonds 813 00 , 04 Ditto Account B9. Prussian Bonds — Ditto Bonds, Russian Bonds, 1822 Ditto A econnt IC6 14 Ditto Metallic Spanish Bonds 5114 2 1 g 1 s Ditto Account Ditto Bonds, 1833 Ditto Account French, 5 per cent...—. —f. —c. -- 4 per cent —f. —c. n per cent. f. —c. Exchange —f. —c. Dutch, 2' per cent. 52 % • Ditto Account 52 1 4% Ditto, 5 per cent.. 99 1 4 4, Ditto Account UtiVk. DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. Paid. Per Share 150 125 I CKS, DUBIIN, OCT. 13 3 per Cent. Consols 9'lc Grand Canal Debe. 6 per cent. 91% Ditto Reduced ...... ........ -- 89% Ditto, 4 per cent 63 WA per Cent. Stock 9 8 ,4 Hibernian Ilank Ditto New, 1830 3k; per Cent Debentures Bank Stock 22 3 ,4 City Debentures, 4 per cent... 797 y, Royal Canal Stock .........» 314 Ballast Office Debentures, 4 Grand Canal Stock 25}4 pe- cent. 93% : DUTCH FUNDS—AmsTranam, OCT. 14. - Actual Debt, 2% per Cent. .......... 52% to 52 3 4 Amort Syndic, 4% per cent. 914 to 9IN Ditto, ditto, 3% per cent.......... . ... 74% to 74 Loan (1630) 5 per cent —......,.....„ 100% to 10074 Ditto (1E32 and 1&93) 5 per cent. Exchange on London, one month Ditto, two months l2 10 to 12 12 5.10 - Dutch Papers, Oct 15 _ _ _ MAILS. Arrived. Duel Arrived. Due.lArrived.. 0 America 0 I 1 France 0 I 0 Lisbon 0 Brazil 0 0 Buenos Ayres 0 0 Carthagena 0 1 Dublin... ....... 1 Flanders 0 0 Guern. &Jersey 0 0 Hamburg 0 0 Holland 0 0 Jamaica 0 0 Leeward Islands 0 0 Malta 0 Mexico .. 0 0 Ostend 0 1 Sweden ...... 0 1 Waterford . 0 HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORROW. Morning 48 minutes after 1. I Evening !ii minutes after 2 THE SUN IS NOW THE LARGEST DAILY PAPER IN LONDON. Just ready, in Bvo., MEMOIRS of a MINISTER of STATE By M. DE PEYRONNET, Ex-Minister of Charles X. Richard Bentley, 8, New Burlington-street. LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER IG, 104, We hare said that Ministers will be without excuse if a proper Tithe Bill for England be not passed in the ensuing session. We recur to the subject because we are not sure that such a bill is yet framed. The one which was abandoned two sessions ago was defective, but it admitted of additional provisions, which might have enabled it to work out its purpose, though cum brously and clumsily. But the Bill introduced last session was incapable of amendment. It proceeded upon the assumption that the valuation for a county would suffice for every parish in it. We are utterly at a loss to conceive bow such a supposition could ever enter into the mind of any reasonable man. The value of the tithe, and the quantity and quality of the pro ductions, and consequently the value of the land, is not only different in every parish, but the quantity and quality, and consequently the value of the land of every proprietor is different. Now the main points to be ascertained are the amount of the gross tithe, and the portion of it payable by every proprietor in every parish, which never can be arrived at by a county valuation. But taking the average of seven years as the rule, every tithe-receiver, and tithe-payer, knows the one how much he has received, and the other how much he has paid in the last seven years. The facts necessary for the commutation of tithe being thus already known to the parties concerned, we have said that such commutation should be effected by voluntary arrangements, which it is the interest of the parties to make, because they will thereby be saved the time, trouble, and expense of any compulsory provision, and the force of such interest may be increased by pro viding that a majority in number and value of the tithe payers in every parish may with the tithe-receiver not only bind themselves, and their successors in all time to come, but may also bind the other tithe-payers in the parish by throwing upon them, (if they shall refuse to come into the agreement after the expiration of a certain time which may be allowed them,) the whole expense of ascertaining the portions of the gross tithe to be payable in all time to come, pursuant to such agreement by the refractory tithe-payers, when their portions shall be ascertained by compulsory, as the portions of the others have been already ascertained by voluntary means. Such volun tary arrangements will suit the exception as well as the rule ; and there will be cases of exception : for in stance, decrees may have been obtained in suits brought in consequence of Lord Tenterden's Act, or sirch suits may be still pending, and it would be against the first principle of legislation to legislate otherwise than with out prejudice to such decrees or such suits ; but the parties may be empowered to deal with such decrees or suits in such manner as may be agreed upon among them ; and in the case of the exception, as in the case of the rule, the commutation of tithe in every parish of England may, through the Bill, receive effect by voluntary arrangements, without the loss of much time, trouble, or expense. But it is not enough that the gross amount of the tithe in every parish, and the portion of it to be pay able by every proprietor therein, in all time to come, should be ascertained in money, because money, which began to rise in exchangeable value in 1811, still con tinues to rise, whereby the price of all commodities, and corn among the rest, is brought down. The abundance of late harvests has brought down the price of corn still more. If such circumstances shall con tinue, the money payment of tithe will operate unjustly to the tithe-payer. If, on the other hand, money shall again begin and continue to fall in exchangeable value, as it did for three hundred years previous to 1811, or if bad seasons shall raise the price of corn, the money payment of tithe will operate injustice to the tithe-receiver. The money payment, therefore, must be converted into a corn rent, which again must be convertible into a money payment. Fortunately the means of such conversion already exist. Weekly returns of the prices of corn sold in the local markets of England are made to the Comptroller of Corn Kett.,, t. When the gross amount of the tithe shall once be fixed by a voluntary agreement in m one y, it then on l y becomes necessary- to ascertain through the Comptroller of Corn Returns the quantity of corn that might be purchased by such gross money amount, according to the average price of such corn in the last seven years, and the quantity of corn pur chaseable with the money portion of each tithe-payer may be ascertained through the same officers ; and this quantity of corn, in place of the money portion, should be made a charge upon the land of each existing pro prietor, and be converted into a money payment every year thereafter through the same officer, who should be required by the Bill, in every year after its passing, to make up an account shewing the average price of corn in the local -market of each district from whence re turns are received, say for each year ending on the 25th of March, and to publish such account in the London Gazette in the first week of every month of April, whereby every tithe-payer will thus at once be enabled to see what is the amount or value, in money, of the portion of tithe in corn which he has to pay to the tithe-receiver, who, in like man ner, will be enabled to ascertain not only the gross amount in money which he is thus to receive in every year, but also the amount to be paid by each person liable to pay it. Such a conversion is not new. It has received the test of experience for a long period in Scotland. There the stipend of a clergyman is fixed at so many chalders of victual, convertible into money every year according to the fiar prices, which are struck in the month of February in every year, by a jury under the direction of the sheriff in every county. The stipend of every clergyman in that country is thus converted into money, and so paid and received with perfect ease and satisfaction to all concerned ; and surely such annual conversion may take place in England, as it has done and continues to do in Scot land, with equal advantage to all parties. The public interest is the aggregate of the interests of individuals, who best know how to promote their own interests ; and no bill ever can be wrong, which leaves individuals at liberty to prosecute their own interests in their own way. Moreover, whatever is done volun tarily is always best performed, and compulsory means should not be resorted to, until voluntary means shall have failed. We, therefore, press these suggestions upon the consideration of every tithe-receiver and tithe-payer. Above all, we press them upon the con sideration of his Majesty's Ministers, whose duty it is forthwith to prepare a proper tithe bill, to be intro duced at the commencement of the next session, and to have it passed as soon as possible thereafter. The evidence given yesterday by Mr. FRANKS, a Liveryman of the Merchant Tailors' Company, before the Corporation Commissioners at Guildhall, is an admirable elucidation of the grave considerations which induced the worshipful fraternity of Tailors to protest against the power of our most gracious Sovereign to issue such a Commission, as well as their fixed resolve to treat the Commission with contempt. It will be remembered, that when his MAJESTY, in compliance with the prayers of his people, granted a Commission for the purpose of investigating the conduct of muni cipal bodies throughout the kingdom, the Merchant Tailors, under the sanction of Sir JAMES SCARLETT and some other Tory lawyers of the same stamp, thought proper to denounce, as unconstitutional, the power exercised by the KING, and to publish to the world their determination to resist its exercise. The country was taken , by surprise by this declaration, and no doubt there were not a few who gave the Tailors credit for being the champions of the liberty of the subject. It was noised abroad, that the authority of Parliament was necessary to give validity to the investigation, and hundreds believed this—igno rant or forgetful of the fact, that the right of granting and annulling charters is one of the royal prerogatives with which Parliament has never interfered, and that as no charter granted before the reign of WILLIAM and MARY received the sanction of Parliament, so likewise the abrogation of all such charters may be executed by the King without the consent of the other estates of the kingdom, as frequently happened during the reign of JAMES I. But, as we before observed, the evidence of Mr. FRANKS—weII known as an able and most indefatigable reformer of corporation abuses, and who is as well read on all subjects connected with the old charters of the civic companies, as any man in the city of London—is a complete exposure of the real motives of the Company of Tailors in resisting all inquiry. The truth was, the affairs of the Company were not so conducted as to bear a public exposure, with any hope of impunity to those entrusted with their ' management. The principal persons concerned felt the delicate situation in which certain awkward dis coveries would place them, and therefore they resolved in secret to assume a swaggering gait out of doors, to talk big of the liberty of the subject, and to endeavour to excite a sympathy in their favour on the plea of martyrdom for popular privileges. They were too early suspected to succeed to any great extent. The past history of the Merchant Tailors of London offered no guarantee for their political honesty, and of late years several members of the court were not very particular in their choice of epithets, when denouncing every liberal measure undertaken by the Government. Still it was not before yesterday that the public were put in possession of the fact, that the Merchant Tailors were not more exclusive in their politics, than in their religion. We ourselves were not aware that the profession of creeds was made a subject of enquiry among the candidates for office in this frater nity ; but what says Mr. FRANKS ? We give the query of the Commissioner with his answer : " Mr. DRINKWATER asked was there any religious distinc• ion made in the election to the Court ? Mr. Franks said there was a marked distinction, for no one who was not a member of the Church of England had a chance of being elected. He knew of no instance of a dis senter or a Roman Catholic being elected. One of the pre sent Sheriffs, Mr. Raphael, who is a Roman Catholic, and a liveryman of the Company, was refused to be admitted on the Court of Assistants. Political opinions also had great influ ence in excluding or accepting members on the Court. Family connection, too, had great effect. Of the present thirty-five members of the Court, eight of them were connected by mar riage, &c. The election for clerk was by ballot, but all was done in secret. Indeed such was the secrecy that at each meeting the members of the Court read the oath net to di vulge any of the secrets except to a member of the Council admitted." Here we have a whole host of the most enormous abuses summed up in three or four brief sentences. Religious and political opinions—family influence secret elections—and all the horrors of inquisitorial adjurations are here represented as among the common causes which influence the appointments made by the Court of Assistants. No wonder, then, that the Mas ter and Wardens of this Company thought it safer to brave the Crown and the Commissioners, than to detail such accounts as these in the ear of a nation indig nant for having remained so long the victim of irres ponsible power. After recounting the mode of elect ing the clerk of the Company, and instancing several cases of gross imposition and swindling, in which more than one individual was implicated, Mr. FRANKS thus goes on exposing the present constitution and practises of the Court of Assistants : " There were cases of persons continuing members of the eourt of assistants after having been bankrupts, although no person was eligible to be elected into the court after having been a bankrupt and compromised with his creditors. All the acts of the company are performed by the master, wardens, and court of assistants. The livery have no meetings for business, but are called together to eat and drink three times in the course of the year. No fines are paid to the company on a person being placed in the court ; but he was called upon to contribute 1001 to a distinct fund. In the case of the de falcation to which he had referred, the court declared that the loss did not fall on the corporate or charitable funds of the company, but on the funds at the complete and entire disposal of the court of assistants, and they made up the defalcation, by curtailing their expenses, and reducing, for a time, the number of their entertainments." This is all sufficiently intelligible, and must be a most happy state of things in the estimation of the eating and drinking Liverymen, and the guinea pocketing members of the Court of Assistants. But who pays for the turtle and the wine, and who sup plies the guinea which crosses the palm of the sage Assistant ? Mr. FRANKS answers the question, though not directly, in the following words The duty of the office of master was considered onerous previous to 1688, bnt this was no longer the case. The mas ter, the wardens, and assistants, were paid the fee of a guinea for attending each court or committee. In 1705, the fee for the Court of Assistants was ten guineas ; in 1795, was raised to 30/. ;in 1800, to 70/. ; and in 1811, to 1051. On a per son being admitted a freeman of this Company, he received notice from the clerk of the Company to attend and take the oath, and pay his fees. A fee of four shillings a year was de manded of every member of the Company. This fee was compulsory, as he had been threatened with disfranchisement for non-payment of it. This quarterage was paid only by the freemen ; it was neither demanded nor paid by the livery. A fee was paid on binding apprentices, which took place in the presence of the master and clerk of the Company." So the poor freeman pays for the dinner, and the wine, and we presume contributes the guinea likewise. This is what we were prepared to expect from men so tenacious of the right of taciturnity. Here is not only an usurpation of office, a distribution of gifts, but an assumption of the power of levying taxes without either the knowledge or concurrence of Parliament. But we shall have other opportunities of dwelling upon this point, and of pointing out the consequences of such a system to the Legislature. Among those unacquainted with the present condi- tion of Municipal Corporations, there are many who think that the members of those fraternities, taking the name of a particular trade or calling, belong to it ; as, for instance, that a freeman of the Tailors' Company is himself a tailor by trade, and so on of the rest. This was once the case, but it is no longer so. When these Companies were first established, in the reigns of HENRY 1., RICHARD 11., and EDWARD 111., every member of a Company exercised the call ing by which that company was distinguished. The object of the establishment of the companies was three fold :---the advancement of the knowledge of commerce and the arts ; the establishment of a power distinct from the nobles by which the Kings might be able to coerce the Barons in cases of any sudden emergency ; and the creation of a source of wealth which in the shape of customs, charges of renewal of charters, and fines for real or pretended acts of insubordination, might enrich the royal coffers. But when such companies had reached the height at which they ought to have been for ever abrogated, the members were mercers, and drapers, and tailors only in name. The whole system became a complete hum bug—a scheme for taxing the industrious for the bene fit of the idle and the luxurious. Secresy, which was at first necessary to preserve the secret of the wealth of the city from kings, who resembled peacocks in pre ferring the present taste of the eggs to the future pleasure of a happy progeny, became an engine of cruel tyranny and exaction, when exercised in times when the monarch was the first to rejoice in the pro sperity of his subjects. The following statement, made by Mr. FRANKS, is a curious illustration of this fact : " There were at present about 1,200 freemen, and between 300 and 400 liverymen. His authority for this was the Par liamentary returns for 1832, which gave 1,100 as the number of freemen, and 370 as that of the livery ; but since that time between 100 and 200 persons had been made freemen of the company. " Not a single tailor was in the court of assistants of the Merchant Tailors' Company. Only three tailors were in the livery of that company. By the last charter of the company, granted in the reign of Henry the Seventh, merchants gene rally were admitted, and since that time very few tailors have been members of the company." These statements need no commentary. A system such as this cannot be defended on any principle ad mitted among the people of England in the nineteenth century. It is no longer necessary to sanctify one spot, so that those born within a certain charmed circle shall possess privileges denied to the great mass of their fellow-subjects. Shoemakers will now make shoes, and mercers deal in silks, without seeking im punity from the danger of a Royal visit : and the world begins to think that there is no great differ ence between a man's having been born on this side of the kennel or on that, to qualify him for a retailer of tea, tapes, or crockery. What re spect can the public have for any system which per mits such absurd--and were it not for the impositions in the shape of fees—ridiculous abuses as the follow- ing, to exist for a moment. We still quote from Mr. FRANKS' evidence : " The Merchant Tailors' Company in Bristol was composed of one master, one warden, and one liveryman, and those three characters were at present embodied in one person.—( A laugh.) Some years ago he (Mr. Franks), went with a young man who had been his apprentice, to take up his free dom, when a fee of 41. 20. was demanded. He protested against the payment, and was told that it was customary to pay it, and that if it was not done, the freedom could not be granted. In consequence of this a qui tam action was brought against the master and wardens, and they suffered the verdict to go by def au lt, an d the penalties imposed by the Act of Henry VIII. were recovered, and the payment of the fee was no longer demanded." We observe by the report that Mr. FRANKS is to continue his evidence on next Monday, when the Com missioners are again to go on with the enquiry. Per haps we also may return to the subject. There is no news from Spain of a later date than what appeared in The Sun of yesterday. The Quoti dienne, a French journal, states that Don CARLOS has assumed acting on the offensive. We think otherwise. The Paris Journals of Tuesday supply no intelli gence of any moment. They are chiefly taken up with accounts of the arrival at Algiers of the new Governor, M. LAURENCE, and of the many reforms which he hopes to effect in that colony. The Journal des Debats confirms a statement in the Augsburg Gazette, of Don MiGuEL's being at present in Rome, where he arrived from Genoa on the 27th. A new edition of the " Oriental Memoirs" of James Forbes, Esq., is nearly ready for publi ca ti on . Thi s gentle man it will be recollected , resided 17 ye ars i n I n di a, w h ere he realized a splendid fortune. So comprehe ns i ve a wor k i n every way connected with our Oriental poss ess i ons was never given to the public, whether as reg a r d s t h e strange manners and customs of the Hir!doos, the scenery and productions of the country, its natural history, or its interesting illustrations of the Holy Scriptures. In the latter respect, especially, it is singularly instructive. Mr. Forbes, in the ca p ac i ty o f magis trate, enjoyed unusual facilities of beco m i ng t h oroug hl y acquainted with the various topic s on w hi c h he so delightfully treats. It is edited by the author's accomplished daughter, the Countess de Montalembert, an d i s to b e accompanied by a quarto Atlas of 71 plates, cons i st i ng of remarkable views, plants, flowers, animals, & c . At Fareham, on the 3d and 6th inst., the thermo meter rose to the extraordinary height of 123 degrees, at which height the index having reached the bulb, the subse quent increased heat, if any, could no t b e ascerta i ne d. The Potatoe Crop is so abundant in the Western districts of Gloucestershire, that a correspondent assures us potatoes have been dug, sold, and delivered to the purchaser at is. per sack !--Cheltenham Journal. -7 , 4!), rA 'fti04 ". 717210 , . "t l 4 ' .4. 4 a ;f =;• - " , -77.-...:7•Nit: Zsll)e tq:raux+ ~~ ~~;~~ THE ANNUALS. FRIENDSHIP'S OFFERING. Smith, Elder 6^ Co. London, 1835. Among the second order of Annuals, we know not one that is more deserVing of praise than the " Friend ship's Offering" of this year. When we say second order, we would be understood to refer solely to the illustrations, for the prose and poetry of the little gem before us are worthy .of the best Annual that was ever yet published. Barry Cornwall contributes not less than three poems, all of which are creditable specimens of his genius, while one entitled " Thirteen Years Ago," is in his very best manner ; full of tenderness, yet without an atom of sickly sensibility. The " Ro mance of Love" —what a taking title for an Annual I is from the pen of a gentleman named St. John, who, though evidently a practised writer, yet brings to his subject all the freshness and enthusiasm of a novice. His tale is well told, and would have been still more effective, had he kept probability more in view. However, the very title of his story suggests an apology for this blemish. The author of " Truckleborough Hall," — a novel that had some popularity in its day, though now numbered " among the things that were,"—gives a clever, and somewhat satirical sketch of " an old bachelor and his sister." Miss Mitford, too, contri butes her widow's mite in the shape of a village story, which, readable as it is, is yet too much marked by the sameness that characterizes all this lady's rustic sketches. We wish she would go out of herself a little more, and take an interest in the great world, as well as in the little one that lies immediately about her. There " are more things in heaven and earth" than seem to be " dreamed of in the philosophy" of the fair historian of " Three-Mile-Cross." The " Illustrations of Friendship's Offering," though far from being first rate, are yet skilful specimens of the art. The best one, that of a bonny " Scotch Lass," of course forms the frontispiece ; it is finished with infinite deli cacy; and the engraver has been fortunate in preserving the arch expression of countenance of the painting. The " Intercepted Letter," though it has good bits about it, yet betrays marks of slovenliness. The fea tures of the old woman, who is lecturing her grand daughter on the heinous impropriety of receiving love letters in secret, are not sufficiently distinct. . The mouth is scarcely perceptible. " The Sultan's Daugh ter" is executed with spirit, but the fingers are,most preposterously long. The figure is that of a giantess ; the hands those of a dwarf. " A Scene in the Ap penines" is a landscape sketch ; the perspective of which is beautifully outlined. The painting from which this engraving has been made is by Barrett, and reminds us of one of Claude's, in the style, quality, and variety of its details. COMIC OFFERING. Smith 8S Co. London, 1835. If this volume fail to become popular, it will not be the fault of the contributors. Each has done his best to be facetious, and resolved to let no ten consecutive lines pass without a pun. The consequence is that the book is crammed as full of these petty verbal wit• ticisms as a Christmas pudding with plumbs. We are aware that it is somewhat hazardous to say aught in disparagement of punning, inasmuch as its advocates urge the examples of Rabelais, Shakspeare, and Swift, as proofs that it is a highly commendable and intellectual practice ; nevertheless we cannot but feel that both Rabelais and Shakspeare would have been far better without their puns—which are intolerably heavy and impertinent--while, as regards Swift, all his really humorous productions, such as the " Tale of the Tub," " Gulliver," and even his familiar " Journal to Stetta," are singularly free from them. A professed punster is a man fit only to herd with the kangaroos of South Wales. We never met with but one, and have always thought it a miracle we survived the visitation. It is not the humour of expression, but o !thought, that we admire in the works of those who have distinguished themselves among us as humorists. There are no puns in Congreve and Sheridan ;- very few in Dr. Wolcot—who next to Lucian and Rabelais, is the greatest master of broad humour that ever existed —and if Hood has won distinction in the same line, it is not on account of his puns, but in spite of them. True, he sins grievously on this score, still he has the humour of thought to redeem him, is prodigal of invention, and endowed besides with as quick and subtle an apprehension of the ridiculous in character as Theodore Hook himself. Look, too, at O'Doherty and Peacock I They are no punsters, yet where in these days shall we find their equals in all that consti tutes legitimate humour ? If the " Comic Offering" possessed nothing but its verbal jokes to recommend it, we should have dismissed it in a sentence; but it con tains sketches of real merit, as respects humour, and touches of character which those who are conversant with the manners of the middle classes in the metro polis, will at once recognise as genuine. The illustra tions are by Seymour, who is a clever caricaturist, though occasionally a little gross and coarse in his manner. " Boothia Felix" is capital. Two miserable, half-starved, frost-bitten arctic navigators are sitting over a few dying embers in a tent, surrounded by ice bergs (which it almost gives one chilblains to look at), while, to complete the comforts of their condition, a couple of huge black bears, who are evidently blessed with a good appetite, are peeping in at the tent, each selecting his own man for a meal. " Dying for a Living" is a fine sample of the lean, working curate, whose face is the very poetry of starvation. We have selected the two best of the illustrations ; the others are of the usual average. LITERATURE. HISTORY OF ENGLAND, Vol. IX. Valpy. London, 1834. The present volume forms the first of Smollett's continuation of Hume. Smollett was a better novelist than an historian ; he had not the philosophic spirit or patience of research necessary to enable him to earn distinction in this last department of mind. Still his history, considering its author's known prejudices, is remarkably impartial, though in its statement of facts it is occasionally a little inaccurate. The style, too, is involved and careless ; and, except in one instance, where Smollett draws the character of King is utterly devoid of dignity. Mr. Valpy, however, has done wisely to republish the history ; for, defective as it is, it is by far the best record we have of the times of which it treats. ON CHURCH PROPERTY. Effingham Wilson, Royal Exchange, London. Theie is nothing remarkably striking, nor altogether new, in the opinions put forth in this pamphlet. The best that can be said of it is, that it is a. clever exposi tion of the errors of Dr. Cove, and all such champions of the divine origin of tithes. The following extract is a fair specimen of the author's mode of treating his subject When we reflect on the various sources through which property has flowed into ecclesiastical corporations--when we recollect that, if some of the donations made to them have proceeded from the purest motives of piety and benevolence, others have been suggested by the blindness of superstition and the artifices of the priesthood—that many have arisen from vanity, caprice, indifference or aversion to natural heirs, mo tives discreditable alike to the giver and receiver—it must be obvious that these endowments have nothing in common but their destination to what was regarded, at the time of their foundation, to be pious uses. The question for consideration i s , whether, ceasing to be useful according to their present application, they may not be converted to beneficial purposes— whether, for instance-, th e reve n ues o f a parish church , where i_i _ few or none of the inhabit a nts can join in religious w orw e li with the incumbent, may not, wholly or Partially, be emPlq,, in institutions for education, or in works of charity. To Oa: . tiri the contrary, is to represent every ecclesiastical corpora, tion as a gulf or abyss, into which things may enter, but from which nothing can come out. Was it so in the prlmPe, church ? S o muc h t h e reverse ' was the fact, that in aarlYti. the bishops we re em p owere d, in cases of emergency , not tine to disse of the ann u al revenue,' but to alienate the lane church,the toward s th e re li e f o f t h e poor , the support of to: ministers of religion, the red em pti on o f c aptives, or other P poses connect e d with the objects for which they had be f,. given ; and it was only the abuse of this privilege by the eP . 0 copal order that led t o res t ra i nts on i ts exerc i se . Is it ix: I Roman Catholic countries ? In Austria, monast i c i ns titution s have been suppress e d w i t h out number, and their revenues plied to other purp oses . I n F rance, b e f ore t h e revolution, 1789, the concurrence o f th e c i v il an d ecc l es i as tical antho rl r was able, at all times, to extinguish, unite, dissever, supPre' burthen, or alienate, th e b ene fi ces h e ld b y ecclesiastica l corP' rations. In England b e f ore th e Reformation, Welsey pressed several monasteries, and applied their lands and tel' nues to the erection of colleges for education ; ilnci l aoed' earlier period, when the ord er o f th e T em pl a rs waeab at ° the judges and others of the King's Council decided , that 0,4 lands and tenements th e y f ormer ly possessed had by the law y rs England escheated to the C rown , or to th e original & te as and their heirs, who might well and lawfully retain t hew their rightful escheats.' " MILTON ON EDUCATION. B. Fellowes, Ludgate-street. , This Pamphlet i s mere ly a repr i nt o f Milto n s tr act on education, occasioned by the Bishop of Exeter ha' ing quoted that celebrated author in his speech in th : e House of Lords against the Bill for admitting P is ' senters to the Universities. It i s d e di ca t e d to theL era Chancellor. We give all that is original in it the " My Lord,—The Bishop o f E xe t er i n hi s s peech in House of Lords on th e U n i vers ity Bill, quote d, w ith high a „ori; probation, a passage f rom Milt on ' s celebrated Tran t ' ste I Education.' I own I was much surprised at this, becaus e a , remembered that Milton ar gue d i n f avour o f genera l edaela,'°s and also that he conceiv e d it an old error of the Voive r l ya le . not yet well recovered f r o m th e scholastic grossness of b ar „j rous ages, that instead of b eg i n ni ng w ith arts mor e eltsY re o l . o these to be such as are obvious to th e sense ), they t i, G oe their young unmat r i cu l a t e d nov i ces a t first coming ittr, ll .4 most intellective abstracti ons o f l og i c an d metap h ys i cs ;' the Lord Bishop in his speech insisted on the necessity 0 ' fusing to admit such to th e grea t na ti ona l sc h oo l s as not btaor derstanding the Thirty- n in e A r ti c l es , re f use to d ec lare t' assent to them. A 1 ,i9 " Milton sought the good of a ll hi s countrymen , an t u„, A , highest ambition was to en a bl e th em t o become not only xn" t lug but wise. He thought a sound education as necesea r , Y: 0 the soldier as the citizen, to the lawyer as the divine. it l i a r the Christian education of all the people, and not say Pe i r c l o ft advantage to himself, or those who might think as ha,n in. certain points of theology which he aimed at. The 0 ° 1.. .. f o r structor was evidently, in his estimation, the greatest m'`; the in all wise apprehensions,' said this true philosopher , _ ft , . persuasive power in man t o w i n o th ers to goo d ness by inset ; tion, is greater and more divine than the compulsive pote r idi a restrain men from doing ev il by th e terror o f the lornoeg therefore Christ left Moses t o be the law-giver, but hi l came down amongst us to be a t eac h er , w i t h w hi c h dac e , r y heavenly wisdom was so we ll pl ease d, as t h at h e was,ltie with those that would h ave p u t a p i ece o f temporal jignet,ta into his hands, disclaimi ng th a t h e h a d any comm i s sion '— above for such matters.' " Thinking some ad van t age may ar i se to soc i et y re-publication, in a ch ea p f orm , o f t h e w h o l e T rac tate the which the Bishop of Exeter made a quotation, I have I cti '5 it to be printed in this shap e , an d as t h ere i s no o ne Irr n I better able to appreciate its exce ll ence t h an your Lordsre have thought it right to inscribe it t o y ou —th e gre atest 11/I ,, n° advocate for universal ed uca ti on . u S. B. " August 2d, 1834." THE FUNDS.-(THIS DAY.) CITY, TWELVE O'CLOC IC bs. Our arrivals this morning are one French and 0 0 „ tend mail, with the express from Paris and Newfonl er papers received at th e N or th an d S out h American Co house. (From the Newfoundland Papers.) ran. His Excellency the Governor proceeded to the —he cil Chamber on M on d ay l as t, an d opene d t h e S ess i o n of t Assembly with the following speech : y have " Honourable Gentle men ,—lt i s w i t h muc h regret ,00 been under the ne ce ssity o f ca lli ng you together 9° after the very long session in which you had been engttg : and at a period when I am fully aware your personal 11' n ot rests require your undivided attention, and which ean; but materially suffer by your a b sence f rom your resl oc" ;,„, homes. " The answer I have received to the memorial Pr a y a t for pecuniary aid f rom th e I mper i a l P ar li ament, which, el the request of the Co unc il an d th e A ssem bl y I transot tte y to his Majesty's G overnmen t, l e f t me , h owever , do alters tive but immediately to call you together, that the e ke may be laid before you, that you may be enabled to n ty the important subj ec t s th ey em b race i nto your serieo9: t sideration ; and that, s h ou ld you d eem i t necessary t°raeer, the exigencies o f th e p u bli c serv i ce b y a further fiffe'' the rangement, you may h ave an opportun i ty of do i ng 9 ° 8" pv time of the ye ar w h en th e i mports w ill probably be wor e - 0 tensive than at a l a t er p er i o d. A n d to ena b le you to P o, an opinion of the probable amount of the reve n ,•„ z that will, unde r ex i s ti ng i mposts , accrue f or the year enu i be the Ist of April next, I shall direct a statement t° ag laid before you of the amount collected during the pre vi di. year, to which will b e a tt ac h e d th e amount o f t h e exPeY r ture to be provided f or un d er th e aut h or i ty o f t h e Ideg lEi ture, during the said session." HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY. The Speaker having read his Excellency's speech in t er day, Mr. Hoyles move d th e appo i ntment o f a Comte to prepare a reply to the same. , Dr. Carson rose to complain of the very inconvena of season in which the Le g i s l a t ure h a d been assembled, 9111 the short notice given to the members. The Committee was then appointed. THE FUNDS. The express from Paris this morning is of little in 3 l? ante, it only brings mere reports and contradic ticl- p Don Miguel's having arrived in Spain is now denied. A .a is stated from Bay o n ne th a t Z uma l acarreguy was procee,i'lje on Tudela and S arragossa ; an d t h at D on Car l os had tor, feated a division of the Queen's troops under El F a6 ;ith From Madrid we are st ill w i t h out l ater news than the eed inst. ; the discussion in the Peers was to have conune n t he on the Bth on the act of the Cortes Bonds, therefore ao s holders of the a b ove B on d s are anxiously waiting au e s p . from Madrid with the result of the debate. Vier Consols, whi c h l e ft o ff yester d ay at 901 91 f or N o vel' Account, opened at the same price this morning. Spanish is .51+ ; Portuguese 814 82. HALF-PAST-0 0 'w There is a t remen d ous F ore i gn A ccount to s ettlo t o morrow in Spanish Stock, and great fear is en t er tainedba many, who a mon th s i nce h a d a goo d fortune , kill without a sous to-morrow—that is, if they pay. Spanish, at present, 51 r 4 ; Portuguese, 811 Consols ar e s t ea d y a t 90 1 1, sellers, for the Diov e— Account. THREE CI 0 C l ‘ . Consols for the Account, 90i. THE FUNDS.—CLOSING PRICES. BRITISH Bank Stook 221 3 per Cent R e d 89% 3 per Cent Cons 90% ! 3Y, per Cent. 99:4 3% per Cent. Red 98% New 3% per Cent 99% 4 per Cent. Assented Dissented lOl% Long Annuities to expire Jan 1860 17 Oct 1859 16% Jan. 1860 17 5-16 FUNDS. O tt India Stock ................. Ditto Bonds__ ........... .... South Sea Stock ... ............. •118 r . Ditto Old Annuities ..••••" Ditto New Annuities .••••"' 5,3 Ex. Bills. .......... 401 Ditto _. 41 , 1r4 Ditto 500/ w••••' ' • Bank Stock for Act ••••••' India Stock for ......... Consols for Opg. ............ sig . , FOREIGN FUUDS. Austrian, 5 per cent Belgian, 5 per cent l(3 ' Portuguese Bonds, 5 Pe r cent. 9 " l ' 10114 Ditto, New Ditto ................. • hli ~,, ~ 1 bli Brazilian Bonds .0 Buenos Ayres, 6 per cent :-oxi Ilussian Bonds, Chilian, 6 per cent 34 ' Ditto, Metallic .................... 51,,, ..... 49 Columbian, 6 per cent Ditto 1824 3014 Ditto, 18'23 ...................... ..„ 5 , 4 57: Danish . 75% French, 5 per cent ........ W /c c. Greek Bonds, 1825,5 per tent. 34 Exchange ................. ••• _C. , Mexican, 5 per cent , 1825 3l French, 1 per cent ............ 5:?%1 Ditto, 18'25, 6 per rent ... per ce Peruvian, 6 per cent 5 per cent• •••••• Oa The New Forest in Ham shire consists altogetitie,l i o ni f ts 6 , 3 a ,o s o a o acres, 6,000 of which are well enclosed andf i r t with oak timber trees between rows of Scotch firs an" c- el 3" fenced closures i n consist fro m o t fh the fromond e fro melo and ( ) young oaks grow into the tc)w noto d omd e o, s e t tr r aho u ceu c r destructive acres cattle each, at w tnl i de n d s co hf ale t:ltise A b e uf o r w e ef: As the tree ° are lopped and removed. We never witnessed a Plair iti f . even on a small scale in a nursery, in a more healthy alio rho ing state than are the young oaks in these enclosures. 0 open parts of the forest are numerous woods of fUll-gro i timber trees, large quantities of which are cut do wn and 00' r for various purposes, and the best used or preserved as tin' f be d for the British navy. The forest is under the managernel2;o„,. Mr. Robert Turner, whose ability in the plantation and F a . of tection of the forest is the admiration of the country, a* foreigners in particular—Portsmouth Herald. At the death of the Emperor Alexand er the super' ficial extent of the Russian empire may be considered to n sw .- 6 amounted to 392,890 square miles. From the Nieme Ire frontier skirted Eastern Prussia, was distant from er an t !.A only 210 English miles, and from Berlin 120, and 0: 0- the Vistula diagonally towards Kalisch, at an equal distance from Dresden and Berlin. It then took a southern direc i ou_ . a short distance from the Oder, and p u rsuing its eastern &Iwo tion, it followed the district of Cracow, and was distant fr : tierV i e n o n f a Galicia,only d m e i Pruth it descended to the mo uth of the Danube. At th lab x le te s. nded Fr aosmfarthaesnctheeitprufoltluo,w:Ltfrheomis fro .t _h a te point the distance to Constantinop le b y sea is but 180 miles- Th ese si aYor , , The co 1 4 %o,ed' I 1 , "t t :- %t dahgk i k , ll 4, 4 t, th at Ns • tt 444 s t '~~t THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1834. I ...