The Sun. — London, England, 1856-10-08 00:00:00

Spirit of the Public Journals, (From the Times.) "Representative institutions," to quote a dis tinguished. authority, "are now on their trial." The responsibility of showing this principle to its greatest advantage rests on the Metropolitan Board of Works, and the sc ene o f th e or d ea l i s th e Coun cil-chamber, Guildhall. The chosen representa tives of this free and enlightened metropolis there meet from time to time to take measures for its material improvement, and, as the body is a new one and its functions important, the public look on with considerable interest. They have not quite fair play. The cleansing of the Aegean stable was only one out of the many labours of Herc u l es . and, if we remember right, ho was not set to this till he had established a reputation by more romantic hievements. Had he failed in this instance it would only have shown that the conqueror of lions, hydras, and boars might be a very indifferent sea venger. Moreover, the hero was.not restricted by the terms of his engagement from making what use he pleased of all the natural resources at hand. Our metropolitan senate, however, while repre senting the population and receiving the revenues of a German State, is set first wholly and solely to the drainage of this great human stable, this dirty metropolis. That is its only probation. It is a task in which failure will be not only disgraceful, but odoriferous and pestilent. It will address itself to every sense in our bodies. It is a task, too, in which success will be simply the absence of smells, headaches, and fevers, things felt when present and not missed when away. It is hard enough to be put to such thankless and disagreeable work, but the conditions attached to it are worse still. It must be done within four years from the present time. The whole of the less agreeable products of this metropolis, inhabited by two millions and a half human beings, are to be discharged, or other wise got rid of, where they may never return within its very extensive boundaries. While the Board meets and meets again, consults engi neers, receives and discusses plans advocated by warm partisans and pulled to pieces by still warmer opponents, there sits above another Board, with a cdrtain Chief Commissioner, who has engineers and lawyers at his elbow. Still higher above this Board sits a Parliament that has prescribed these hard, if not impossible conditions, and compelled the Chief Commissioner to put his veto on all plans which his engineers and lawyers tell him are not fully and exactly in accordance with the act. The Metropolitan Board of Works have thus to go by a " letter," the "spirit" of which is rendered by another interpreter, who has no discretion in the matter. They seem to us in rather evil case, and likely to pay dear for the honour of representing their fellow-citizens. However, they knew w h at they had t o d o , an d th ey must do it as well as they can. Thus far they have done nothing with the main subject in hand. They have discussed scheme after scheme, and committed themselves deeply to one or two that have turned out to be at vari ance with the terms of the act, carefully de signed to prevent a return of the sewage to the metropolitan boundary. The result has been that the Board has been sent back like an idle boy to its lessons. Like hungry Sancho, as fast as it fixed its affections on a dish, the Court physi cian has put his wand on it. This is very hard. To the nose of a sanitary reformer a sewer or a "sump," an " elongated cesspool," or a "deodorising appa ratus," can become as f ragrant as an " olla podrida. " The Board is to be pitied, yet it is hard to see why it should be always running its head against a brick wall. Were they not honest citizens, their obstinacy would suggest a suspicion of revolutionary designs, but Parliament in this country is a very dead wall, and the Chief Commissioner appears to do his duty as a " buffer" with great solidity. Nor is the subject itself of their common deliberations, though in other respects disagreeable enough, fertile at rsosolutions. The real fact of the case is, that our 'worthy metropolitan representatives are not the greatest men in the world. Of their condition we speak not, though certainly few people in London know who represents their own district, much less any other. There is a want of some other sort of greatness, and greatness is wanted for this subject as much as for any other. No doubt, ladies and gentlemen surrounded by lawns and parterres, or, may be, the still sweeter heather, with the rivulet at their feet or the waterfall over head, will smile at the idea of heroic attributes in so disgusting a matter. If they do, they have forgotten that pretty story in th e i r L ampr i ere quoted above, as well as another of which Themistooles was the hero ; and they have also forgotten the great rule of common sense, and of religion as well, that greatness and goodness have respect to the mind rather than the matter. Surely, in a matter so deeply affecting the health of more than two millions of people, the Board is too sensitive to the magnitude or expense of a plan. It is true that a plan may be costly and bad at the same time, but when one considers that in these days we think nothing of a railway with embank ments, tunnels, and viaducts forty miles long, and an expenditure of two millions, to shorten the dis tance between two provincial towns, a series of works of that length and that cost does not seem an extravagant price to pay for the purgation of this metropolis. Far bo it from us to throw new elements of discord into the perpetual hubbub of the Metropolitan Senate by taking up any particu lar plan ; but we must say that they show a sin gular reluctance to carry out the plain intentions of the higher Legislature. They still hug the me tropolitan districts; measures distances with pain ful exactness ; dinuss the meaning of the word " near ;" refer again and again to their engineer for the ups and downs of refuse matter in the Thames ; and, as one of the Board expressed it the other day, seem bent on a " close shave." It is not a case for a close shave. There is an• evident parity of reasoning between the supply of pure water and the disposal of refuse, the difference between the two cases being rather of momentary than of permanent value. It may happen, indeed, that a man may be more anxious to quench his thirst than to clean his cot tage or purify the air that he breathes ; but when bad drainage, and consequent bad air, induce disease and shorten life, it is in the long run as much a question of life and death as the supply of pure water. Yet for the supply of pure water Rome had aqueducts stretching over the Cain pagna amounting altogether to hundreds of miles, of coin sal dimensions and the-best masonry. There was not a single city in the empire without its aqueduct ; and, even when it lay on a fine river, as in the instance of Metz, on the Moselle, a moun tain stream 20 or 30 miles off was still brought to the town, for the advantage of purity or elevation. Why, then, should L - vion gru d ge t h e expense of similar works for an object of equal importance ? All experience is against half measures and make shift schemes. The Board of Works consulted °crummy in Westininster.hridge,and thereby throw 70,0001. into the river. LOI1(1011 18 an itunienssi city. Its wants aro gt eat. " &Ware of little wars,' said the Duke, and it may be said on an occasion like this, " Beware of little works." They have all to be done over again, and the next generation that has to pay for new works, as well as the debt on the old, will not thank us for our parsimony. If it is possible at an expense not absolutely un reasonable and ruinous to carry the refuse of this metropolis down to the sea, by all- means let it be done. The property of the metropolis can bear it, and, if not, seeing that the State is extracting millions of money from our houses in the shape of inhabited house duty, property tax, and succession tax, it may well be called on to give us some of it back again for a purpose of national as well as local importance. The labours of the Sanitary Commi ssion that L r 1 Panmure is justly proud of cost the country not a trifle. But London is a camp quite as important as that lately in the Crimea, and its army is fifty times as numerous. So let us make u p our mind to a good round sum in this matter ; an d, as Parliament, in one of ite heroic moods, has fixe d th e con di t i ons of the task, perhaps it will h a i;re the decency to take a share in the cost. (From the Daily News of this day.) The complimentary extent to which the admis sion of the Daily News into Paris is interrupt e d b y the I m p e rial Government increases rath er th an diminishes the interest we take in France, and th e hopes w e entertain that , she is destined before long tor re-enter the ranks of Free , States. Certain we e that it is'by this means only-dm:l she mill ever' secure secure tl!is benefits of Free Trade. The present tariff most of is import ditties into France is worthy o f th e tinies varTrens legislation of the least enlightened ' First of All, the Government taxes the raw materials of the manufactures which it forces into existence ; by the Gover n : paternal i n the manufacturers are permitti-d affects so rob the people,- for which it legislation,. th a t a w -i'' "14' It is of a piece with this hat the shortest road to it th o a f o r e i g, n journal points out general freedom, thin to freedom of trade is through which is described by: Imperial Government, the cause of Ti'Y ee rp , _ Lraii :arliniron.; to be denoted to ,iteocti`9cates every copy of the journal the moment reache s the capital. As however the higher functionaries of we will tali the State most themselves peruse the remarks whi c i 1 w ill I: permit others to read, which t hey not th e liberty of giving them an English view of it is necessary to of the French Protectionists. th e present policy . To understand this policy derived ex plain that an enormous proportio materials d dredths, in fact,. of the French custom s 11-4 " Y 99-hun from heavy duties levied on raw feature and of food. For example— as ls.tof mann._ by a recent return in the Moiliteur--..1 appears tile atoms M:;1E T 4 41 THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING OCTOBER 8 1856 for the eight first months of 1855 produced altoge ther to the State the sum of 189,706,690 f. ; and of that amount no less than 189,264,240 f. were yielded by the taxation of raw materials and alimentary substances of primary necessity. The Monite,r and the semi-official journals of Paris set up a chorus of praise to Imperialism every time the aistoms returns appear ; but they never tell their credulous readers that the increase which they as cribe to the Imperial is really owing ta the Protec cive system, which tries, by means of duties on raw material, to participate in the illicit gains which the French manufacturers so largely get out of the French people. Yet so it is. It is the duties on raw materials that yield the increase. A few days ago the illoniteur gave a comparative result of taxation during the first eight months of the last triennial period, and from it we extract the leading articles of raw material :- 1851. 1855. 1856. Fr. Fr. Fr. Cotton 10,609,615 13,421,643 11,310,732 Wool 6,014,589 10,496,091 5,979,42 Coal II a- Iron Cast Iron 2,868,975 3,751,3t1 3,526,964 13 tr Steel 179,293 288,690 215,426 Lead 540,940 1,052,772 :108,151 Other metals 11,551,433 14,95 ',279 14,961,932 The sum total of all the duties on raw materials and alimentary substances in that period is— Fr. Fr. Fr. 93,773,039 189,264,210 114,592,525 This detestable and mischievous state of things is the necessary consequence of a system of prohi bitions and protections such as disgraces the French tariff, and injures to the last degree that French people for which Imperialism professes so fatherly a regard. The result of this perverse system of procuring revenue to the State, and of this wicked system of enriching one particular class of the community, is that the French workmen, or rather the whole body of French consumers, are prevented from buying in the cheapest and the best markets nine-tenths of the materials of their dress, their furniture, and their food. The French consumer is denied the opportunity or oloko:Zoio a from a foreign ma nufacturer the cloth for his coat and trowsers, the woollen stuff or cotton pique for his waistcoat, the cotton cloth for his shirt ; he can wear neither foreign stockings, be they woollen or cotton, nor foreign shoes. As for his furniture and his household gear, the iron pan in which his wife pre pares his food—every article of brass, zinc, cast iron, hammered iron, tin, or steel ; all cutlery, all locks, all plated ware, his dishes, his plates, his glass—all must be domestic, dear, and bad. For these descriptions of foreign goods are not taxed on admission into the French Empire ; the, are one and all absolutely prohibited. The French cannot. import horse-hair to cover their chairs or sofas ; or, if it be going out of fashion, woollen tissue, either for that or any other purpose. They lie shivering in their beds in winter because the State, to favour ono class of monopolists, imposes a duty of 220 f. per 100 kilogrammes on woollen blankets ; and they sit on their bare floors because for the sake of another set the Government puts a duty on our cheap carpets, which is prohibitory in reality though not in name. Even foreign soap is denied admission, to please the manufacturers of Marseilles and the North. Thus, as Michel Che valier happily concludes his examination of the French Commercial System, the liberty of the French consumeris very like that which was allowed to Figaro, who was permitted freely to publish his opinion of public affairs, on condition that in so doing he was not to allude in particular to anybody or anything. No doubt, Imperialism at the Tuileries has asked Imperialism at the Corps Legislatif to repeal pro hibitions and substitute heavy duties. But then Imperialism in the provinces had, at the dictation of the Imperialism at the Ministry of the Interior, sent to that corps bevies of those eminent " friends of order," who were all thoroughgoing monopolists. And " the friends of order" in the Corps Legislatif proved just as selfish as "the friends of order" at the Tuileries. They regarded prohibitions as the Malakhoff of Protection ; and in vain they were wooed to pass this project of law. Imperialism is one vast congeries of Pro tection ; why should they renounce what all the other partsof the system wore to continue to enjoy 7 And so the project was withdrawn, and the pro vinces were, the world was told, to be consulted directly through the Conseils-Generaux. Well, the Conseils-Generaux have met and gone; and what say they ? Of course that of the Herault has pronounced in favour of freedom of trade, pro tection interfering, as it thinks, with the freedom of sale for its wines. But as for the others, they have either said nothing at all on the subject, or have declared themselves Protectionist in one form or other. And how could it be otherwise ? The same system of selfishness which fills the Corps Legislatif with the " friends of order," fills the Conseils-Generaux with them too ; and the •"friends of order," as a body, are all eminently protective of their own and singularly greedy of other people's property. We had large experience of them in England, and know the genus well. But, though in the Conseils-Generaux these worthies ivill not hear of freedom of trade, they loudly protest against duties on raw materials. Such duties are odious, mischievous, suicidal, they say. Repeal them, by all means, they advise Imperialism. That would be true wisdom. Now, if Imperialism at the Tuile ries be at all sincere in its Free-trade professions, it ought to be on its guard against this advice and entreaty. It seems plausible enough at first sight ; but, when examined a little closely, it resolves itself into merely another form of self-seeking. Nothing can be worse than the duties on raw ma terials, except duties to protect domestic fabrics. But, if a system of prohibitions and protections is in any shape to be inflicted on France, the State, at all events, does to some extent derive revenue from duties on raw materials. To abolish them as a preliminary step, before thinking of sup pressing even prohibitions, or of providing other sources of revenue, would be simply to transfer to the manufacturing monopolists of France the revenue now derived from them by the State. We have seen that in 1855, out of a total Customs revenue of 189,704,690 francs, no less than 189,264,240 francs came from raw materials of one son or other. This statement at once shows how immense is the vofd which acquiescence in the last proposition of the French monopolists would create in the Treasury of France with its rapidly grewin, expenses. It would transfer nearly eight millions sterling to the monopolists front the State, and at one blow destroy nearly the whole existing Cus toms revenue. Such is the answer of the C'onseils- Generaux, of France to the appeal which Impe rialism has made to their patriotism. What France wants and needs is increased, not diminished reveuue—new sources of income to the State. Bat these she can, happily, only acquire by means of freedom of commerce ; and how any nation can hope to get freedom of commerce except through the instrumentality of political freedom surpasses our comprehension. This, at all events, is clear, that the Corps Legislatif awl the (Imseils- Gcnerau.e ' being neither o f th em th e organs of poli tical freedom, are not, and cannot be, the avenues to commercial freedom in Imperial France. PREVENTION OP BORG bARY AND FIRE. -. Dot evening a party of- gentlemen assembled at No. 145, Regent-street, to hear Dr. Bachhoffner eTplain an ingenious contrivance invented by a Mr. Burgess, for the prevention of burglary and fire. The expedient is of the simplest, but of the most efficient character. It con sists of a spring concealed in every door, window, shut ter, or desk to which it may be thought proper to apply it, and it is so arranged that when any attempt at bur glarious entry, or even at tampering with a lock is made, an electric circuit is completed, which causes an alarm bell to ring in the bedroom of the master of the house. In the day time the circuit can be shut off by turning a handle ; but so long as the watch is set, neither ingress nor egress is possible without the knowledge and per mission of Paterfmniliad. The denizens of Noting -hill may. therefore , for the future, rest in peace w ith out invokin g th e a id either of revolvers or man-traps ; and, erevided always that the public will avail themselves of Mr. Burgess's clever invention, the burglary interest may as well direct its attention to some more honest and Profitable industry. An Englishman' . house may now become his castle in a sense hardly contemplated by the originato r of that famous apothegm. Even fire will find it difficult to !break out without leave. The contrivance for curbing the "devouring element" is con structed on th e principle of Brequet's thermometer ; when the temperature of a room rises, from any cause, beyond a Nivea limit—say 120 degreeir . ----the electric circuit will be completed, and the alarm bell will sum rnon instant as sistance. On board ship, it is needless to iy, the invention will be invaluable. The cost of aPPIP inv, it to a house of ordinary size is stated not to exceed 101., arid an additional pound per year for maintaining the battery power will afford the housekeeper more real security than an outlay of ton Vines that amount in Chubb locks, fire escapee, and police rates. After lis tening to Dr. Bichhoffner'e explanations the comp any dined together, and cordially drank success to the enter prise of the patentees, Messrs. Symons and Burgess, EDINBURGH PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTION, --The whiter sesf•ion of this institution is to be opened on Thursday evening, Oct. 30, by an addre ss f rom the Earl of Elgin and Kincariine, K.T., LL.D. The first course of lectures will be delivered by Mr. W. M. Thsekeray, who will re. peat bis American course "On the Four Georges." Dr. Scoresby, Dr. Gottfreid Kinkel, from Bonn ; Principal Scott, of Manchester ; Profess or s M asson, Brewer , and Hunt, of London, Allman, of Edinbu rg h, and Nielol, of Glasgow, will also deliver lectures on literature and science during the winter ; . and the session will be closed on the 24th March by an address from Lord Ardwifian, one of the judges of the Court of Session. i IRELAND. DUBLIN, TUESDAY MORNM THE LATE BARON DE ROBECK. It was currently reported yesterday morning that the body of this unfortunate gentleman had been discovered in the river Liffey, a little below Island-bridge, close to the Phoenix-park. The report, however, proved to be groundless, and as yet there is no trace of the remains. Au evening paper (the Mail) has the following statement in reference to the baron's death : " We are enabled to state the following particu lars respecting the disappearance of this lamented gentleman, of whose death by drowning, we re gret to say, no doubt any longer remains, although the body has not yet been found. Leixlip Castle, the residence of the baron, is, as all Dublin people know, situate close to the fall of the river Liffey, called the salmon leap, which, in consequence of the flood (one of the greatest that has been known for many years), was an object peculiarly interest ing on the evening of the accident. Baron do Ro beck had twice walked to look at it in company with his son, Major de Robeck, and upon each occasion strongly expressed his admiration of the grandeur of the fall. Re wished to visit it a third time, but was dissuaded from doing so by Major de Robeck, on account of the dampness of the evening, and ' was left by him for a short time in the drawing room of the Castle, from which a window opens upon the grounds close to the river. The last that was seen of him afterwards was by a girl, who ob served him from the opposite side of the river, standing on the brink, lopking at the fall for seve ral minutes. She then saw him turn away t o ascend the steep bank rising from the river, in doing which he was hidden from her view by a brake of bushes. During his previous walks he had been assisted up this bank by his son, and the probability is that, wanting that assistance upon the final occasion, he slipped in, and, being very feeble, could not recover him self until he rolled into- the stream and was carried away by the current, then running furiously. His handkerchief was found in a weir a considerable dis cho river, LUAU LIU Vlf t/L 1.1410 dress has been found upon the bank or elsewhere. These circumstances prove that the melancholy occurrence must have been purely accidental, and we trust they will be made known by any of our contemporaries who may have unintentionally caused pain to the family by giving currency to un founded and hasty rumours respecting the matter." POLITICS MEETING AT GREAT . YARMOUTH. A meeting wa E held at the Star Hotel, Yarmouth, on Monday evening or the purpose of receiving Mr. W. T. M'Cullagh, and Ir. E. W. Watkin (of the Manchester, Sheffield, and Liccolnshire Railway) as candidates for the borough, in the Liberal interest. Mr. J. Ciowes, solicitor, was caled to the chair. Mr. APO:H.I,SL! addressed the meeting with great effect for near!' an hour. He expressed his opinion that the faults n the administration of public affairs rested not so molt with the accident of who might be the Minister of he day as with the House of Commons, the centre of allpower in the country. They had sue cessive adminiarations, but no change in respect to effi cient government. The grievances sought to be redressed in 1852 still renain unaltered, taxation continued to be enormously increased, although the war had ceased, and were the Execitivc ever so disposed to propose measures of progress, it would not be able to carry them as the house was nog constituted. In 1852 there was a very , prevalent feeli)g that reform was required in the admini-- tration, though parties differed in opinion as to the ex tent to which it should be carried, but what progress h td been 'aide? With regard to administrative reform it was too comprehensive a phrase, but in the application of adrninistrive reform principles men were tested and seen through. A year and a half since the country was in a rage at the manner in which the war bad been con• ducted, and ;he cry was irresistible from one end of the country to de other that those who had thrown the army away in the Crimea should be made answerable. But had any sincere attempt been made by the House of Com mons, who pretended to be for inquiry, to bring convic tion home, and to enforce punishment ? The last scene enacted in the farce performed with regard to the loss of the Crimean army took place in Chelsea Hospital, where some very respectable old gentlemen for a great number of days. heard a deal of evidence of an ex-parte character, and gave a verdict completely exonerating every one ex cept one particular department of her Majesty's Govern ment. Those who were most implicated had received de corations and distinctions, and there had been a determi nation shown on the part of the Tory party to shield the delinquency, as it was shared in by persons of high rank and fortune. Administrative reform had been said to be required in the civil' service, but the monopoly in that service remained as it ever was. The oligarchic power had never been greater in the country than at the present time, tBl3indi hiPaitig°oll. "I li :gg i caloz . the House of Commons members ofa co m pact body w h o h a d no sympathy Wit& 61;3 middle and industrial classes, and he claimed for the ;atter a fair share in the government of the country. Administrative reform had been- said to be wanting in the army, but the House of Commons had inexorably refused to allow the private soldier returning from the Crimea to wear a decoration, though an officer might have it who had not taken the slightest part in the fray. Adverting to the sale of commissions, and to the case of the Earl of Cardigan, who had paid 40,0001. to clamber up into a position which gave a command in the most critical times in the Crimea, Mr. M'Cullagh said such instances were not solitary ; they were the result of a system which insured incompetence in the moment of danger, and ill-direction of our arms when it was most important that they should be entrusted to those most fit to control them. The 'system was at variance with the experience of every country in the world which had great armies and had achieved great influence ; but the House of Commons had determined that this system should re main, as it was found to work exceedingly agreeably for the benefit of a particular class. Touching next on the peace, Mr. M'Cullagh said—While the British ambas sador was doing honour to the new Czar, and while the solemnities were actually in course of performance, Rus sia could not control the exuberance of her contempt for the manner in which she had been let off, and she had issued a manif es t o w hi c h showed that, though her power might for a moment be weakened and her prudence be the better part of her valour, she was determined to hold the same tone of defiance to the free governments of Europa. She laughed at the alliance between this coun try and France, for, with the sagacity of the serpent, though not the harmlessness of the dove, she knew full welt that between a despotic power and a free people, when the latter awoke to a sense of their true external policy there could be no cordial friendship. She waited the hour therefore when it suited her purpose to break up the alliance and to wreak her resentment. What were we doing in the meantime ? Where were our representative institutions, which should shield us and strike terror into aggressive powers ? No where, be cause the present House of Commons had never lifted up its voice for the war when war was imminent; had never sought for inquiry at once, when the war was misman aged, and had soon repented of doing so, and had been ready to accept peace at any price, rather than continue the burdens which they hated, and the dangers to the despotisms which they loathed in their hearts. The only security was a popularly elected and popularly respons ible House of Commons, and the Czar would never be convinced that the house was a representative of the industrial free heart of England until there was a fair and equal representation of the hard heads and the strong hands which had made the country what it was. Mr. WATSIN delivered an address of a similar charac ter, and the meeting unanimously passed resolutions pledging those present to do their utmost to secure the return of both the candidates at the next election. ALARMING RAILWAY ACCIDENT. A sad accident occurred on Monday evening at the Fisherton station of the Wilts and Somerset Railway, whereby the lives of two men were sacrificed, and a large number of sheep destroyed. Considerable damage was also occasioned to the property of the company. The facts, asiar as they have been at present ascer tained, are these :—Special cattle trains run every fort night for the convenience of dealers attending the Salis bury cattle market, and it was to one of these trains that the accident occurred. It consisted of 35 trucks filled with sheep, oxen, and heifers, and on arriving at Westbury in the evening it remained until the goods train and 5.10 passenger train had passed that station. The train was drawn by two powerful engines ; and it is said that , the foreman of the l ocomot i ve department ' at Westbury , specially informed the driver of the second engine, who had not been down before, the gradients on the line, and particularly those between Wilton and Salisbury. John Mays, the driver of the first engine, who has accompanied each cattle train since the opening of the line, replied, "I know all about it : take care," and the train proceeded on its journey. It passed Wilton at a rapid rate, and it is said that the steam was not shut off at the proper time, as the train dashed into the station at full speed, carrying everything before it. The point man saw the impending danger. and shouted, but it was too late. Toe shock that followed must have been truly frightful. The foremost engine broke down the immense wooden piles and buffers at the end of the rails, carried away nine or ten feet of the plat form, and burst through the station, crushing doors, walls, and every other object in its progress ; even the outer wall towards Fisherton was broken down before it came to a standstill. Mays, the driver, escaped un hurt through the breach formed by the engine, but the fireman (William Symonds) was not quite so fortunate ; he jumped out, and, in doing so, sustained a severe I blow on the head, which necessitated his instant re meval to the infirmary. The scene within the station was appalling, the driver and fireman of the second en gine (Slane' Nicholson and Wm. Isles) lay smashed to pieces between the engine and tender—the head of one and a hand of the other being all that was perceptible to the bystanders. Tbc force of the concussion heaped trucks upon trucks, and the mangled bodies of the animals they contained were scattered in every d.rsction. Both engines continued to emit dense volumes of steam, and fears were at one time entei tained that the boilers would explode, or that the sta tion would be fired. Mr. Duffet; the station-master, acted with great coolness on the occasion ; and the Board of Health water hose having been obtained and attached to a hydrant, a plentiful supply of water was thrown upon the engines to extinguish the fires. This was not accomplished without considerable difficulty, for although the accident occurred about half past eight, it was nearly eleven before all danger was over. Two engines were afterwards brought up and every ' effort made to remove the debris. The trucks which escaped injury were detached, and the sheep released, and ropes and chains were then attached to the injured trucks, portions of which were remove d, an d a ll th e injured sheep that could be got out were at once slaughtered. Every endeavour was made to rescue the bodies of the unfortu nate men, but until between 4 and 5 o'clock yesteF• day morning without success. They were then extri cated, and presented a fearfully mangled appearance. They coro were ' i e ,g conveyed iuest. to one of the station stores to await a Several dealers and drovers were in the train at the time of t h e accident, but fortunate l y received noin jury beyond a violent shaking. The ordinary passen ger train arrived about half an hour afterwreds. It was extremely fortunate that it was not ta the station at the time, or a much greater loss of life would probably have bees the result. Some of the sheep e- :aped in a mann..,r as marvellous rs the engine-driver. After the lapse of two or three hours several were extricated from the r u i ns w i thout having rece i ve d the slightest in jury. their p os t - Wherever bl ame may rest , th e s t a ti on master and officials m us t b e entirely exonerated, as t h ey were all at s, message was despatched to Mr. Tarr, the su p er. ntendent of the line . at Trowbridge, who arriv e d , and the u s u a l signals were displayed. A during th e n i ght, and at once gave Mays, the engine driver, i nto the custody of the of t'he coroner ' s inquiry. police, to await th e resu lt The statement of Mays is to the effect that after leav ihg Westbury he stopped at Wyly() to take in water. He told liicholson that it was a dangerous place to go into Salisbury, and that he was sure to be steady. He shut off the steam at the usual place, bat owing to the sharp inclir e, the weight of the train, and the slipperiness of the metals, he found it impossible to save it. lie applied the %Matte, and heard Nicholson's engine working, but whether with forward or back gear he could not say. After being thrown from the engine he returned, ai d let a quantity of water into the fire. After this, he could do nothing. Hundreds of persons flocked to the scene of the disaster during the night, and at an early hour yes terday morning the station was besieged by crowds of anxious inquirers. The effects of the accidtnt were in the morning rendereci more apparent. Superintendents Blake and Matthews, with a body of police, were in attendance during the night, and greatly contributed to the maintenance of order. At present we are unable to ascertain the numbv of shesp killed, as many still remain to be extricated from the overturned trucks, but they are estimated at 'about 100.... . The ordinary traffic of tho line has not been inter• rupted, trains having been run during the day as usual, HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK. (From the Report of the Regil:`,.ar•denereti.) The return of deaths for last week is a not unfavout able indication of the present state of health in London. The total number of deaths registered was 1,071, of which 540 were those of males, 531 those of females. The deaths from diarrhoea declined from 72 in the pre vious week to 64 last week. A. death from "choleraic diarrhoea" occurred, after 24 hours' illness, and at the age of 42 years, in Hanover Scarlatina carried off 47 children, nearly the same nuta:ier as in the previous week. Five children in a family wore attacked by this disease ; of these one died at home, and three in the London Fever Hospital ; and the fifth is now hopelessly ill in the same hospital. A house is reported, No. 7, George's cottages, Brixton-hill, in which three cases of "fever" have occurred within the last month ; the drainage is stated to be "in very bad condition." In Wellesley street, Somer.;-town, also, there is a house, No. 16, where fever and other complaints are common, these being caused, or much agravated by the offensive state of the drains ; and in the adjoining house, No. 15, a woman died from disease and want combined. Several persons died last week, whose ages were from 90 to 93 years. Last week the births of 828 boys and 768 girls,' in all 1,596 children, were registered in London. In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1846.55 the average number was 1,417. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height of the barometer in the week was 29'439 in. The' lowest reading was 26 . 68 in. on Sunday, the 28th ult. Toe mean temperature of the week was 55.3 deg., which is 2 deg. above the average. On Saturday the mean temperature was 591. deg., which is 7 . 1 deg. above the average. The highest on that day was 65 . 8 deg., the 1 )west 57 deg. The wind blew generally from the south west. Rain fell on almost every day, and the whole amount was 0.54 in. In the 13 weeks that ended 27th Sept, 14,066 per sons died in London, which is about 1,000 more than in the same quarter of 1855. Diseases of the zyrnotic cha racter were fatal in 4,093 cases, against 3,661 in the summer quarter of last year ; of these 101 were due to croup, 108 to small-pox, 382 to hooping-cough, 393 to measles, 433 to scarlatina, 573 to typhus and common fever, 1,610 to diarrhoea (against 1,258 from this com plaint in the same period of last year),l3l to cholera,chiefly cholera infantum, the rest to various other diseases of this class. Very young children were th e su ff erers f rom diar rucea In 4 "voty from measles were most numerous in the South districts, those from scarlatina and typhus in the East. Diatrhcea appears to have prevailed with considerable uniformity over the great divisions of the metropolis, though, if the sub-districts be compared with each other, both with reference to population and deaths, results in many instances widely different will be obtained. Piathisis (or consumption) carried off 1,794 persons, the number in the corresponding quarter of 1855 having been 1,645 ; bronchitis 562, pneumonia 581, being an increase on the previous year of both diseases ; 86 women died from diseases of the puerperal state ; 18 persons died of carbuncle, the numbers in the summer quarters of the last five years ranging only from 15 to 19. Ten persons died from the intemperate use of liquor, besides those who sustained fatal injuries when intoxicated, and those who died from maladies generated by intemperance, which, however, is not shown in the medical certificate ; 35 from delirium tremens ; six unfortunate persons from want; 145 children from want of breastmilk. Poison destroyed 22 lives, the number in five quarters of 1852- 56 ranging from 13 to 23. Drowning is recorded in 138 cases, which is considerably more than the average. MORTALITY IN THE METROPOLIS. NUMBER, OF DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES REGISTERED IN THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, OCT. 4. Zymotic Diseases Diseases of Uncertain Seat Tubercular Diseases Diseases of the Brain, Nerves and Senses Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels 4B Diseases of the Lungs and other Organs of Respiration... 143 Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs of Digestion Diseases of the Kidneys &c. Childbirth, Diseases of the Uterus, &c. Diseases of the Joints, Bon es , and Muscles Diseases of the Skin. &c. . Malformations .. 3 Premature Birth and Debility 3O Atrophy 35 Old Age . . Wudden l5 Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance 77 Causes not specified DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES 1,071 Population Deaths in corre- Deaths Enumerated. •ponding week in the 1851. of 1855. Wee). West Districts North Districts 490,396 Central Districts..... 893,256 East Districts 485,522 South Districts 616,635 ... 234 Totals 2,362,238 951 1,071 Males Foramles 531 BIRTHS IN THE WEEK. Males Females.. Total . 828 768 1,596 Ml?. EIaBST JONES. - A POLITICAL SOII?,EE. Yesterday evening a somewhat novel experiment was made by Mr. Ernest Jones. By invitation and adver tisement, the public were summoned to St. Martin's-hall, to assist at what . was termed a " political soiree," and the cards of admission concluded with the words; " music at 8 o'clock." At that hour about 30G persons, or perhaps more, assembled, hut the area of the hall appeared somewhat empty. Mr. Ernest Jones shortly afterwards appeared on the platform, accompanied by seven or eight ladles and gentlemen, who turned out to be singers and musicians. Mr. Jones then stated that he was about, for the first time, to attempt to blend dry political discussii:in with a musical entertainment, hoping that by these means he should attract many persons on whose minds he was desirous of engrafting essential political knowledge. , The programme of the evening would - be as follows :—There would be no chairman— the musical entertainment would be divided into parts, and he would himself deliver a lecture, also divided into two parts. Being determined to endeavour to preach political truth, he had to announce that that ball was engaged for a similar soiree on the first Tuesday in November. The first part of a vocal concert was then proceeded with, embracing several well-known songs, glees, and madrigals, and among them the " Marseil laise," %Ilia, however, few, if any one, seemed to re cognise, as it did not create any enthusiasm, and ws n't followed by the applause which greeted the . other r r ed. pieces, which were really very credi4abi r y itt p e e n " b o y m Mr. The programme included two " odes w of the Lewtr Classes,' Jones. ine first, the was very cleverly written " ; S s i i n m g lele ., to w t e he ve n ry in u e t e m , ost in its language, it was yet rythmical, b d and full of points ; and, bsing sung to a popular it was exceedingly effective. The other, "A Song of the Times cf Cromwell, was more pretentious, less i n t e lli g ibl e, " and consequently far less telling. The first Rd of Mr. Jones's lecture was devoted to the consideration of the relations between labour and capital, between employer and employed. After stating that England was on the brink of mighty social changes, and that the character of those changes depended on what was done before the crisis in the way of harmonising the interests of all classes, on the basis of justice to all and wrong to none, in which case he doubted not that things would go on in safe con stitutional progression ; and deprecating all desire of set ting class against class, he proceeded to point out what, in his visw, was the condition of the English labourer ie relation to capital. He urged that capital was nothing but the surplus production of working men, either ias mediateiy or remotely, and in very vigorous language denounced capital, as at present distributed, as the curse of the labourer, inasmuch as he, the producer, had no share in that which he produced. He argued that in this country poverty was treated as a crime and adduced a very remarkabl e case at Halifax, in which the majority of the board of guardians laid down the principle, and acted on it, that a destitute able-bodied man who applied for parochial relief was guilty of the crime of vagrancy, and punishable and punished by imprisoement with hard labour. In the second part of his address, Mr. Jones dealt with the question of the causes of poverty among the working classes, with all its difficulties for the present and its dangers for the future. He said that pauperism was owing to the simple fact that there was not work enough in England for the people, and that was entirely owing to the undeveloped resources of the land and the ab sence of cultivation, stating that there were in this country more than 28 millions of acres uncultivated, besides a vast quantity of arable land, which had been turned into grass land. He denounced the monopoly of great landowners, whose policy it was t o depopulate the greater part of theiri estates ; and he entered into de tailed statistics to make out his case. Certainly as speci mens of oratory, and even of ratiocination, nothing could be much better than Mr. Jones's addresses, and they bore on them the impress of earnestness and sincerity, which were not among the least of their merits. Not withstanding a very stinging denunciation of the-news paper press by Mr. Ernest Jones, Should his addresses not be given in all their fulness and elaboration in the columns of the daily journals, we are obliged to content ourselves with the above sketch of his " political soiree," which, both as regards the personal efforts of the origi nator, and the highly decorous and intelligent demeanour of his audience, — m orning Papo w .. as d° B ervii , g of every commendation, ANOTITER ALARMING ACCIDENT ON TIIE EAST LAN CASIIERE IZatt way.—Ye:Aerd a y (.Monday) morning, as the 9.10 express train from Blackburn to Liverpol was passing at full speed between Blackburn at .1 Batnber bridge, two wheels of a first class carriage broke down, the under -works of the carriage were at (nee demolished, and the carriage was embedded ht the earth. Owing to the patent break used by this company, by which the train was instantly stopped, the passengers sustained no injury. Atter a short delay the portion of the train in front of the broken carriage proceeded to Liverpool. It was stated by a passenger that some other of the car riages appeared in a very rickety condition. This is the third accident that has occurred on this line with'n a short Liao, in one of which three lives were lost, and therefore it behoves the directors immediately to inves tigate the matter. From the London Gazette of Last Night WHITEHALL, OCT. 6. -the Olean has been pleased to constituto and appoint , James Goodsell Middleton, Esq., to ha Major in the AT company of London, in the room of Samuel 'Ox nard, Vsq.; BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL. OCT. 6. The Right Honou7able the Lords cf the Committee of Privy Council for Tradtc and Plantations have received, through the Secretary of St.: to for Foreign Affairs, a copy of a Despatch from her MajesL:7's Minister at Parana, en closing a copy of a law recently passed by the Argentine Legislature levying duties, us folio :vs. upon merchandise brought into any of the provinces of ti, - 9 Argentine Confe deration from within the Capes at the nion . 9l of the River Plate, and which law will como into effect in tie month of February, 1857. ARTICLE I. let. Merchandise not subject to specific duty shall Yay double the ordinary duty. 2d. Merchandise subject to specific duty shall, on its in troduction, be subject to an additional duty of 30 per cent., ad valorem. ARTICLE Merchandise which may be introduced directly from outside the Capes by the said ports shall continue to pay only the ordinary duty. 'ARTICLE The natural and manufactured products of the Oriental Republic of the Uruguay, of the Republic of Paraguay, and of the Brazilian possessions situated within the Capes, introduced directly by the said ports come within the pre ceding article. ARTICLE IV. C.—Construction of Ports. The Government will make the following concessions to undertakers of works of this nature : (a.) Port duties and other charges established by the laws in force, and levied on account of the Exchequer. (b.) Complete freedom from all import duties on machi• very and implements required for the works. (c.) And lastly, a minimum guarantee of 5 per cent. for a certain period upon a capital to he determined upon. BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, OCT. 7. In the Notice which appeared in the Gazette of the 30th ultimo, respecting the duties on the importation of fish into France, for "salted fish," r3ad "pickled fish." The Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade have received from the Earl of Clarendon an extract from the illonitcur, rectifying an error in the French Imperial decree respecting the importation of tobacco into Algeria, which appeared on the 27th Sept. last, and a translation of which was inserted in the London Gazette of the 3d inst. The decree, as corrected, applies exclusively to the octroi de mer. COMMISSIONS SIGNED BY LORDS-LIEUTENANT. County of Kincardine—Sir James Horne Burnett, Bart., to be Vice-Lieutenant. County of Flint—William Bryan Cooke, Esq., to be Deputy• Lieutenant. 4th or Royal South Middlesex Regiment of Militia— WM. John Burford Standidge, Gent., to be Lieutenant, vice Keane, resigned. East Kent Regiment of Militia—Amelius Sicard, Gent., lobe surgeon, vice Curtis, resigned. BANKRUPTCY ANNI7LLED. James Walker Ninnes, watchmaker, Tonbridge Wells. BANKRUPTS. William Turner, milliner, Forest-hill, t o surren d er, Oct. 21, at eleven, and Nov. 21, at half-past twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Pennell, official assignee, Guild hall-chambers ; Holmes, Bucklersbury. Jas. Davies, currier, Newport, Oct. 20 and Nov. 18, at eleven, at the Bristol District Court. Miller, official as signee, Bristol; Smith and Vassal], Bristol. William Fevre, publican, Peterborough, Oct. 16, at eleven, and Nov. 20, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Bell, official assi gnee , C o l eman-street-buildings ; Wright and Banner, Loudon-street, Fenchurch-street ; Law, Stamford. John Saunders Muir, schoolmaster, Aberdeen-place, Mai , la-hill, Oct. 18, a t h a lf -past two, and Nov. 21, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Nicholson, official assignee, Basinghall-street : Ab!a'iams, Lincoln's-inn fi.31118. RI ward Rowell, bill broker, Manchester, Oct- 17 and Nov. 18, at twelve, at the Manchester District Court. Pott, official assignee, Manchester; Boote and Jellicorse, Manchester. William Sommous, tailor ' Rodruth, Cornwall, Oct. 18, at eleven, an d Nov. 18, at two, at the Court of Bank ruptcy. Lee, offi c i a l ass i gnee , Aldormanbury; Mason and Sturt, Gresham-street, City. John Carr, iron manufacturer, Wallsend, Oct. 17, at eleven, and Nov. 21, at twelve, at the Newcastle-upon- Tyne District Court. Baker, official assignee, Newcastle upon-Tyne; Stanton, Newcastle-upo -Tyne; Prin g l e , Sham, Wilson, and Grossman, King's-road, Bedford-row, London. Richard 'Tattle Clemens, tailor, Liskeard, Oct. 16 and Nov. 13. at one, at the Exeter District Court. Hirtzel, official assignee, Exeter; Stogdon, Exeter. James Donald and John Lockhart Donald, watchmakers, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Oct. 15, at half-past eleven, and Nov. 13, at half-past twelve, at the District Court, New castle-upon-Tyne. Baker, official assignee, Newcastle upon-Tyne ; Francis, Birmingham ; Joel, Newcastle-upon- Tyne. , James Scott, rag merchant, Batley C arr Y or k s hi re Oct. 27, at twelve, and Nov. 21, at eleven, at the Leeds District Court. Hope, official assignee, Leeds; Scholes and Son, Dewsbury ; Bond and Barwick, Leeds. SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS. Lewis Stewart, watchmaker and auctioneer, Rothesay. Agnes /vl•Kenzie or Pollock, spirit dealer, Glasgow. John Young, carpenter, Fisherro w , Edi n b urg h. James Anderson, wright and builder, Dundee. [ADVERTISEMENT. I &OR T AND HEARING SPECTACLES, POWERFUL TELESCOPES, OPERA, RACE, AND . PERSPECTIVE GLASSES. —Messrs, S. and B. Solomons, opticians, 39, Albe marle-street, Piccadilly. Obsezvc—opposite the York Hotel. By ker Majesty's Royal Letters Patent for valuable and extraordinary improvements in the most powerful and brilliant Telescopes, C amp, R acecourse , Opera, and Per. spcctivo Glasses, to know the distances. These telescopes possess such extraordinary powers that some three and a-half inches, with an extra eye-piece, show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring, and the double stars. With the same telescope can be seen a person's countenance three miles and a half distant, and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They aro of larger and all Bins, with increasing powers accordingly.—Th e Royal Exhibiti on , 1851. Valuable, newly-invented, very srnal', powerful waistcoat-pocket glass, the size of a walnut, by whi m , a person can be seen and known 1 miles distant ; they answer every purpose on the race-course, and at the opera houses, country scenery, and ships are clearly seen at 8 to 10 miles. They aro invaluable for shooting, door-stalking, ya c hti ng, to sportsraen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, and tourists. Opera, rat , c-coerse, - camp, end perspective glasses, wi t h wonderful power. Newly-constm:tel fvectacle Lenses of the great- Oiit transparent power. The valuable advantage derived from this invention is, tit et vision becoming impaired is preserved and s trengtLencd, and very aged p ersons are enabled to employ their silt at the most minute occc- P- can see with thew lens es of .11 inucli less magnify -and they do not require the frequent clianc, to the dangerous effects of further powerful assistance. persons can be suited at the most remote part of the world, by sending one of the glasses out of their spectacles in r letter, and stating the distance from the eyes they can read small newspaper print With it; and those who have not made use of spectacles by stating their age. Deaf' New Discovery. —. ness. The Organic Vibrator, an ex tracrdinary powerful, small, newly-invented instrument for deafness, entirely different from all others, to surpass any thing of the kind that bits been, or probably ever can be, procruced.• Being of the same colour as the skin, is not per ceptible ; it enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at church and at public assemblies; the unpleasant sensation of singing noises in the .ears-is entirely removed; and it affords all the assistance that pos s ibl y could be desired.-39, A bernarlo- Woe% Piccadilly, °hem—opposite the York Hotel. The natural and manufactured products of the province of Buenos Ayres shall be admitted free of duty as national products. BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, 001'. 6. The Right Honourable the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade and Plantations have received, through the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, a copy of a Despatch from her Majesty's Consul-General at Ham burgh, enclosing a copy of a Proclamation of the Senator of the Hamburgh Marechiands, prohibiting, under a penalty of 50 dols. for each case;the importation of cattle from the Duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg, unless accompanied by a certificate from the authorities of the place from whence such cattle are imported, stating the district to be free from the pulmonary epidemic prevailing in those dis tricts. Their Lordships have also received information that a similar prohibition has been enforced in tho terri tory of Lubeck, as regardi the cattle imported from the duchies of Mecklenburgh Schwerin, Mecklenburgh Stre litz, and Holstein, unless accompanied by a like certificate. BOARD OF. TRADE, WHITEHALL, OCT. 6. The Right Hononrable the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade and Plantations have received, through the Secretaiy of State for Foreign Affairs, a copy of a despatch from her Majesty's Minister at Athens, en closing a copy of a circular addressed by the Greek Minis ter for Foreign Affairs to the agents abroad of the Go vernment, desiring them to bring to the notice of foreign capitalists the intention of the Government to concede to foreign companies various public works about to be undertaken. The following are the works to which this circular has especial reference : 1. Drainage of lakes. 2. Construction of roads. 3. Construction of ports. The conditions being as follows : The Works to be executed at the expense and on account of the companies, according to plans previously drawn out and approved by the Government. The company will be required to deposit in the National Bank, if required by the Government, a stun in proportion to the importance of the work to be undertaken, as a gua rantee for the fulfilment of the engagements, both as re gards the time fixed for the execution of the works, as also the other conditions attached to the concession. In satisfaction of these obligations the Gre3k Govern ment will make the following concessions : A.—Drainage of Lakes. To every company undertaking works of this nature the Government will grant— (a.) The revenue derived during a fixed time and free from any impost, or else a certain settled quantity of the land obtained. (b.) Freedom from customs duties on all tools, machi nery, Sze., required for the prosecution of works, as also upon the implements and seeds required for the culture of the land. Should the company desire, for the purpose of cultivating such land, to introduce settlers, such settlers will enjoy, in addition to the privileges above mentioned, the following immunities, subject however to the ordin ance of the 16th April, 1831. . - Freedom from all Customs' duties on-- 1. Wearing apparel required by them and already used. 2. Necessary domestic furniture. 3. Carts, animals, &c., required for their service. 4. Necessary implements and all other advantages refer red to in the above-mentioned ordinance. (c.) The Government will further grant to such settlers, land for the erection of houses, warehouses, churches, schools, &c., and for gardens, as also the land required for roads, public places, &c., agreeably to the plans drawn up. It case the land should not be granted to the com pany for a fixed time, on the terms of an entire franchise, the settlers will not be subject to any personal tax or land tax. B.—Construction of Roads. The following advantages will be granted to the under. takers of these works. (a.) The land necessary for their construction and free right to obtain the necessary materials. (b.) The right to levy fixed tolls. (c.) All necessary implements imported for making and maintaining the roads to be free from customs duty. (d.) In respect to certain roads a minimum interest of 5 per cent. will be granted upon an amount of capital to be determined upon. BALLINASLOE FAIR. BALLINSLOE, Monday, Oct. G.—This fair, as it has been the largest for many years, so it has proved the most satisfactory. All parties, buyers and sellers, are pleased at the prices. The follow ing is a statement of the number of sheep shown and sold for the last three years : Number sold, 1853 Ditto unsold 15,098 Total, 1853 Number sold, 1854 66,341 Ditto unsold 78,421 77,390 4,090 Total, 1854 . Number sold, 1855 Ditto unsold Total, 1855 Monday, Oct. 6, 12 o'clock. 91,774 5,570 97,344 Sheep sold Unsold Total THE BANK OF BNGLAND. Abundant evidence has been furnished yesterday of the complete effect of the measures just adopted by the Bank of England. All pressure for money, both at that establishment and is the discount market, has subsided, and the foreign exchanges have likewise received a most favourable impulse. A considerable rebound in the stock market might therefore have been expected, but a check has been given by the fact that the Bank of France are un derstood to have again commissioned their agents on this side to purchase gold at any cost. Al though the operation, like those of a similar cha racter previously entered into, can be effected only at a loss, a further sun of about 120,0001. is understood in this way to have been withdrawn yesterday from the Bank of England. To many persons the question has consequently suggested itself, will a fresh rise in discount thus be ren dered necessary ? But the matter is not one over which a rise of discount could exert any mate rial influence. If the Bank of France are deter mined to buy gold at any sacrifice, no addition of one or two per cent. per annum on the rate of bills of exchange will be regarded. The only limit to such an operation must be found in the exhaustion of their power to buy up bills on this country or to obtain credits here. Happily, we cannot be called to pay more than we owe, and if all our liabilities circulating upon the continent are bought up and thrown upon us before their regular maturity, there will simply be so much less to pay a month or two hence. To the Bank of France the result is of course of an opposite character. By a consi derable sacrifice they obtain money a few weeks in advance, and when these have passed they must either be content to receive nothing, or must renew the transaction with a repetition of loss. In this manner within a short period they have already thrown away about 50,0001., ' which has gone into the pockets of the consignees of gold in this country and other parties. It was hoped, when they re cently advanced their rate of discount to 6 per cent., and announced that they would take any other stringent measures that might be necessary, they were about to abandon a system so humiliat ing from its futility, but it appears that the exi gencies of the moment are such as will not admit of a sudden change. In a few days another monthly report will have to be issued, and the most desperate efforts are believed to be requisite to mitigate the features it is likely to present. A considerable amount from Australia is now overdue iu this country, and if an arrival should at once take place it will afford the most opportune assist ance, since the Bank of France would, of course, greatly prefer availing themselves of such a supply to keeping up a direct drain upon the Bank of Eng land, which must speedily react upon the Paris market. As the question whether the panic will subside or go on till it has led to a suspension of specie payments may probably, however, depend upon the way in which the people may view the next return, it is doubtless felt that every other consideration must for the moment be set aside.— Times City Article. STATE OF TRADE. The additi ona l h a lf MANCHESTER, OCT. 7, cent pon . u di be Bank of Engl an d h as l e d to alt but a complete scounts susp y en th ion of business here to-day. The local banks followed the steps of the national institution without the loss of so much as an bour's time iu giving notice, and contracts partly entered into on Monday afternoon to a very large amount for cloths, in consequence of .the hardening puce of the raw material at Liverpool, were immediately withdrawn on receipt of the telegraphic news from London stating the decision of the Bank directors there. There is no change in prices, because in the present state of feeling no reason. able amount of concession would tempt business, and in fact the manufacturers, with stocks of no great cinase queue° and with the pri ces o f co tt on tending upwards, aro not a position to offer concessions. The tone of the market, however, is one of great depression and discourage ment. In yarns, as in cloths, prices are quite firm, but business is almost at kstandstill. The telegraphic report from Liverpool speaks of 8,000 bales having been sold to day —a report which iu itself tends to uphold the prices of yarn. Buyers appear disposed to wait and see what fur ther changes are likely to take place in the money market before ventuiins upon new engagements, and, while very little is doing for the home trade, exporters to India and other foreign markets aro unwilling to do anything. In a trade where so large a proportion of business is done through the instrumentality of six months' bills and other paper it is easy to conceive that 80 sudtien.an alteration in discounts has been a check of serious consequence on all hands. ears. John Slagg and Co. report : —"Towards the close of last week, owing to the upward tendency of the cotton market, there was a better demand for nearly all kinds of goods, and a fair amount of business was done'at the full prices of Tuesday last. On receipt, however, of the very great advance i i the Bank rates buyers withdrew from the market, and yesterday and to•day there has been little or nothing doing, but stocks being generally light we cannot quote any change in prices." Messrs. George Fraser, Son, and Co. report :—" Tho rise of a half per cent. in the minimum rate by the Bank of England on Wednesday last, followed by a further advance yesterday to 6 per cent. for paper 63 days and under, and to 7 per cent. for larger paper running up to 95 days, has caused a considerable interruption to business in our mar ket to-day. There is not much actual change as yet in prices, but very few offers aro made." LEEDS, Oct. 7. There was a good attendance of buyers in the cloth•halls this morning, notwithstanding that the weather was damp; and at the close of the markets it was found that a good deal of cloth had changed hands, considering the quantity of seasonable goods brought into the halls. The advance yesterday of the rate of discount by the Bank of England was the subject of conversation, but it can scarcely be said to have affe.ct3d the woollen market. It will certainly check any false speculation, if there be any, rnd will probably act' upon the whole beneficially in this as in other commercial communities. Both wools and cloths continue steady in price. The following is the report of this day's Huddersfield market :—" The raising of the discount by the Bank of England had its effect on this market. Continued wet weather operates injuriously also. Trade to-day was gene. rally quiet. • The most numerous demands are for low goods; and of those very light mistured black doeskins go off slowly, and there are bat few sales in fancies. Wool trade rather flatter." 7. There w as a goo d a tt e ndance B of bu y ers t o d ay,and, tlie C mpetition was most animated forall des cr i pt i ons of woo l. Fine fleeces appeared to be most in request. COURSE OF I'XCH. Amsterdam .. .. .. .. .. ... 1 1 16 Ditto, three months .. 11 Rotterdam 11 19 Antwerp •••• •• ..•• •• •• 25 40 Brussels •• •• •• •• •• •• •. 25 40 Ramburgh •• •• •• •• •• /3 83 Altona .. •• •• •• g• •• •• •••• Pari5........ ••• •• VIP • • 2E • 30 Ditto, three months .. 25 823{ 11fuseilles •• .• 25 85 Bourdeaux •• •• .• Frankfort-on-Maine .... Ll 9 Berlin •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• - Vienna •• •• •gl •• •• •• •• •• 10 40 Trieste. ••• 00000 • ••.... 10 4'2 Petersburg •• •• •• •• •• •• 37 Madrid •.... •• •• •• ••• 49 0 4 Cadiz ••• •• •• •• •• •... 50 ° Barcelona ••••••• •• •. -- Saville-. •• ••• •• ••••• I LOCAL SHARE MA.REBTB. LIVERPOOL, OCT. 7. STOCK EXCHANGE. This market opened with a quiet business to-day, but subsequently improved, and Oct closed firmly at the best point of the day. Midlands, T4l sl—Lancashire and Yorkshire, 9;.1 '44—South Eastern, 24—London and North Westerns, 100 i 1 i—E a sters Counties, B l i—Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln, 31i' Caledonian, 26a i—East Lancashire, pref. 1.5 shares, fill per cent., U.' 3.15. 3d.—Dutch Rhenish, b.—N.-materna tier wick, 191. M I Z NO HESTER, OCT. 7. STOOK BM:MANG/ff. —The market has been inactive to' day, but prices closed /h i ; a slight advance on y es t er d e l , rates. Great Western, 6 . 44—South Eastern and Douro' 20 5-I.o—Midlands, 75 1— -Leeds 94—Sheffields, 311 London and Noah Wester': 8, BERMINGHAI r , OCT. 7. SPOOR EXOIIANGE.—The transactions in every dessriP_, tion of stock were very inactive this morning, but pric,i; were firmer towards the close. Midlands were done at iv —South Staffords ' 34 dis.—Birmingham Old Canals, 91" .° Shropshire Bank, 21. 18s. 9d. IZABORNB MAILS. (N signifies that tho mtuis aro sent from' the General Pasts lid $y the night—and M by the morning—despatch.) IN - rivnen rnalto up cynoral Pox:, Ofile6. , London.* rrom wha rert Dispatehe. Wheil due W A E;tglagl'i very Fr,*day ... I Livorpool ... 'Every T ues, laY • ISouthiumpten ILiverpoo! .. •••••• • ILiverpool • • Dover ••• •••• • • ...117ticerto l° Plywouth 6th of Dover & 19 1 Southampton 4 ...c2l Southampton:l6th Dover Southampton It th. Elouthainiton 1 16iR ;Umerteig n'l6th or O lt lb a. 290 4 4th k 1 1 " liTa.Tn•Ps le 1 and IS 4 and 2 9 2 and 1, I 7 and Twicedrol Twicedsi d i f 6,7, 24, VATIOII3 ports 4e, ILl:Mini, Lon Santharnt 'en tiOUthilll3pkot, 'lpvver .. Dovor •• •• Dover... §outhamp or. iSouthAmpt .n 'let and 16 London iPtll Southampt.,., Jet of nin , Dover Daily Southampton 1 16 th de 4 and 2 1 1' Dover.,lls it 1 9 • P j Hotyheatl I (Southampton Bouthampton'6 and 16 Liverpool ...1 D°v er '4l. 15,14 ,4th nd Pionthamptf,n!lst Dover I ,a Sc• Va u r t fo bl u a s Tn p P o t r7: let and 1- Dover 4 weekly' i'Southiunpton; Southampton let * 16 0 Various portal Dover 'Week! (Dover ......I Southampton &NO mon:h37 ifionthamaton 1 and 16 COUI7TRIE.I hanerica(byTtrit.pack)r imericP. (by United Ste. packet) ..........N America (by U. Stater packet) ..........N dzstrf.lia (via Liver- pool) Ditto (vla Marseilles) E Ditto (via Cape of Good Hope) •• •• •..... N Africa (West COaSt)..N Alexandria........., N Alexandria .......... M Bahamas —NI Belgium ............ N Brazil .............. M Buenos Ayres.. Cape of (food ...N Cape of Good Hope N Case de Verde N Ceylon (see India) Ceylon ..............N Channel Isles ........ ti Chili.. ............ China COMtantlnople N Constantinople ...... • • Cont. of Europe M & N Eg,nt (see India) Franco M & N Gibraltar hi Greece (see India) Grcytown •• ••M aamburgh •• .• •• •• •.1%1 Gavannah Di 11oHand Ilonduras India (vialiouthampt.)M India (via Marsoilles)M lonian I.ios (aeo India) Ireland ........M& N Madeira Madeira Malta (see India) Malta Mauritius (see India) Mauritius N Mexico Naples.. •• .• •• •• •• •• is New Granada New Papal States Peninsula Porn _ 0,1 k 17th of mon. Port Natal sth of month .... 8 cilY I Every Saturday.. Tuscany I Venezuela • 2d & I :th otinonth Van Diemen'ti LAnd (sec Australia) ......... 4th and 18th of no. West Indies „vs 44) r te 14th and 18th ... •• 13(1 of th 4, month.. 1 10th 8; 26th of n o. [l4th & 20th of mon. 47th of the month 9th of tho month.. 9th orth. month .1 sth of the month. t.lncertatn 41r. r• 110th and 26th 4th and 20th num., Wen.,ecrrto 2d &17th of month , 4th and 10th tOth and 2 6th 1 lth & 20th of 1:44..n ',l Caine daily Irwico (tail 1 4 ,7,17.110, 27 .fm. '7lO & 17th of mon. ;2na of thu month Daily.... .... I ita of the month 4th t 20th of mon 110th&26th of moth I Twice 2d of tr 0.. 9th of month 1231 of month 14, 10, 20, and 26.. 'l2oth of the month 'r•thcl Of the month.. 2d 14 :7thof month) 4th and 19th mnthi iDaPy............ liVe4klt. I iWeeklf !Twice 01 Whenany of these dates fall on a Sunday, the malls will be el f : patched on the following day, with the excepti on of the Indio t!outhampton), and the Malta, both of which will be deepatehf preceding day. C the PRICE OF GOLD.—The quotation of gold at Paris ig about 6 per mule premium, and the short exchange 00 London is 25 . 171 per 1/. sterling►. On comparing tbere rates with the English Mint price of 3/. 17s. lOid. per ounce for standard gold, it appears that gold. 11 nearly 6 10ths per cent, dearer in Paris than in La: don. By ad vices from Hamburg the price of gold is 42 4 per mark, and the short exchange on London is 13.1 i O f 1/. sterling. Standard gold, at the English Mint .prices is therefore'about 14-10ths per cent. dearer in Hamburg than in London. The course of exchange at New York on London for bills at 60 days' sight is 1091 percent.' which, when compared with the Mint par between the two countries, shows that the exchange is slightly is favour of England ; and, after making allowance for charges of tra-,sport and difference of interest, the pro• Pent rate leaves a small profit on the importation 0 1 gold from the United States. BIRTHS. OP A. SON. On the sth inst., at 43, Upper Gower•street, the wife of Alexander Johnston, Esq. On the Gth inst., at Bath, the wife of Captain 4anleo Dolphin. OP A DAUGHTER. - 1.4 On the 7th inst., the wife of Dr. Lankcater, F.R.S., 8, Saville-row. On the sth inst., at Ashley-place, Westminster, the wife of Ifenry D. Graham, Esq. /IA ItRIED. On tho 7th inst., at St. George's, Hanover-square Archibald Campbell Swinton, Eaq., younger, of Kim' morghame, in tho county of Berwick, to Georgia Caro• line, third daughter of the late Sir Geo. Sitwell, Bart., of Itenishaw, Derbyshire. On the 6th inst., in Arthur-street Chapel, Walwortht Charles E. Jackson, Esq., Douglas, Isle of Man, to Phebe, of Walworth, Surrey. tho eldest daughter of 'l'. N. Bak er , Esq., DIED. On the 7th inst., at 34, Long-acre, Mr. Joseph B. Fitch, aged 41. On the 6th inst , Alexamler Abothell, Esq., of the Ad miralty, Somerset-louse, aged 28. On the dth inst., at Hammersmith, Thomas Habeod, Esq., aged 78. g On the 6th inst.. at West Brompton, David C. Gib so n, Esq., artist, aged On the sth inst., at Sontbsoa, William Bell; Esq., Pay master of her Majesty's Royal yacht Victoria and Albeit. Ou the sth insi;., at the Parsonage, the Rev. H enr y W. Stuart, incumbent o f N oi thaw, Herts. On the sth inst., Thews Weeding, Esq., o f Mecklen burg-square, and of Ful!brooks, Malden, Surrey, of which county ho Was for severa l years a mag i strate. On the sth inst., at Grimston, near Tadcaster, York. shire, the Hon. Isabella Maria Denison, second surviving daughter of the Right Hon. Lord Londeaborough, aged 17. LONDON : Printed and PnbliThed by MURDO YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, .No. 112, Strand; lithe Preeinct of the savoy, In the of Middlesex, Wednesday, October 8, 1856, Country Diarkew. LIVERPOOL—Oct 7. Having a good attendance of millers and dealers at mo cora exchan go this morning, a good consumptive demand was experie need for the leading articles of the trade. Ordi. n ar y and it , ferior grades of wheat and flour sold at the full prices of 1: ist week, but superior is.i.mples of both articles comm 11:de d an advance of about 2d per bushel and fid to is per %)”.." 1 ftl arm' sack. Indian corn attracted more atten tion f late , b u t any a ddi t i on to price was a check on the business. . Old o a t s an d oatmeal firm ; new rather easier. Beaus, b tiler, 4 nd peas unchanged. lIIILL—OcT. 7. There iv as a E •mall supply of wheat to-day, the condition I most wrett he I. but whi c h , after the late heavy rains, Was 1 i, e , b e expel :tec 1 ; such qualities met slow sale at the fell D vices of I; tst week. Anything at all dry fetched is to 24 in ,:o money. For good old w h eat we had a large and go' ne e % , sale, hot h locel an d f or Scotland, from whence tho am ua ' t us to the rain and d amage to the crops are trulT depl: `r able. B. .tr:ey is to 2s dearer ; beans is dearer ; oats .00d sale f or I n di an corn. Linseed nn -6d de argil', A b altere, I- Oakes rather easier. Rape cakes firm. a A Wheat, B. ' I. English, red 65 to 76 P eas, grey and black —to -- Ditto white •.. 72 to 78 Li nsee d , Bl ac k Sea_ 58 to 00 Dantzic a ud Koniga. ' Ditto Petersburgh ... 50 to 156 b erg 72 to 79 Ditto Ri gaan d A rc h - Pomerania aandliam- angel burgh Danish,ll: Astein, and 1 Memel 44 to 60 Fricslar A 6O ,tra 65 Per Ton. Russian : end Od e s sa 58 f, 1 65iLins.e. Hu1110! 03 to 10.! 5 , ql Oats, Ent ;Bah 32 to 34 Ditto fine for. 81 5s 9! 15 1 Ua Ditto Dart Ssh Ditto Fr 4 ,esland pi i t tt t o g nit' 29 to 31 [tape cakes --s Od t o 135.04 41 to 4, SJTares, English O /. to ---1 D Barley', nailing ') Rl:issian di ng 36 to 46 Di tto foreign 00s to o+l Beans 46 to 501Clutho OOl Os 61 t 01211 5, Ditto foi e. gn' ... 40 to 46180.ges Peas, w hit, 3 and yel. 40 to 42!Flou'r, per brl. 3ss. 380 LEEDS—Ocr. 7. We have lea d damp unsettled weather since Friday, and this morning it is you- wet. There it, a fair show of g ood new wheat, wh. ich meets a tolerable aide at an advance of Is per qr. from:Filday ; sampl es ou t o f con diti on are no ' glccted, and ya lue is unaltered. Old bold firmly at forms rates. Barley i idly as dear. Oats, inans, and other aid' des as before. ANGE.-TESTEEDAY. Gfirraltar .. • • •• •• •• •:.• Leg horn ...... 29 GO Gen on .......... •• .• •• 25 81 $ Ain tin •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• Ven Ice.. ...•......•... •• •••• •• •• _ Nap les • • •• 43g Fale MO •lb • • Moa dna Llsb in •••• 52% Oper to •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• 323(1 Itio J anelro ..... •••• • .. dr- Bum& 's Ayre5........ New Vork,6o days' sight Philade !phis .• ...... PRICIIB OF BULLION, PE* 0%. Foreign ~G old in Bare X 0 0 0 Portugal Gold Coin 0 0 0 Mexican Dollars .... 0 0 0 New Doltars ...... 0 0 0 Silterin•bars ...... • • • OW Ott rIX en eoi Sat inn me Gia et, ion 344 fil