The Sun. — London, England, 1856-12-29 00:00:00

AMERICA. LIVERPOOL, DEC. 28. The Arabia, Stone, arrived to-day with advices. from New York, by telegraph, to the 18th, and 268,939 dollars. The Niagara, for Boston, was passed on the 25th. The House of Representatives had passed a reso lution condemnatory of a revival of the slave trade. The Washington correspondent of the Boston Daily Advertiser states that the opposition to the free importation of wool is most decided, that the wool growers are operating silently and with influ ence, and that the iron interests are pursuing the same course. Advices from Honduras report the continuance of tranquillity there. The party of American gold-diggers who had been in Honduras " prospect ing" for the precious metals had nearly all left the country, on account of the sickly climate, which had proved on the coast very debilitating to Americans. Nine more French refugees from Cayenne had arrived at New York from Demerara. It appears that the boat of the Lyonnais, con taining a chronometer, provisions, liquors, 47c., which was picked up by the Neptune on her voyage to Liverpool, was the one which broke loose from the steamer and drifted away before the passengers could get into it. It was suspected that an expedition to Vene zuela under the command of General Paez was fitting out at New York, and the authorities were keeping watch to prevent it. The New York Journal of Commerce states that in Maine the shipbuilders have wholly discontinued the construction of clippers, and now go to the opposite extreme of making their ships full and of large capacity. In the Supreme Court, New York, two of the parties, Felicite Debud and Eugene Grelet, wilo were supposed to have been concerned in the late frauds upon the Northern Railway of France, were discharged by Judge Davies, upon their stipulating not to commence any action for unlawful imprison ment. The other prisoners, Charpentieran d Parrot, were detained for further proceedings in the case. The excitement in Tennessee and Kentucky, arising out of the negro insurrection, is said to have nearly died out, but in the ether parts of the South it was as lively as ever. It appears to have originated in Texas, near the Rio Grande, three months since, and to have extended to nearly all the Southern States, advantage having been taken of the public's all-absorbing attention to the elec tion for President. It is stated that in the whole region from Memphis, through Clarkesvill e , t o Dover, on th e Cumberland river, the greatest alarm existed in regard to the movements of the negroes. The gaol in all the counties were crowded with the arrested blacks. Tue County Courts had assembled in each county, and vigilance committees and patrols had been appointed in each neighbour hood and township. Eight more negroes had been hung at Dover, making 19 in all. No overt act had been committed, but the proof against them of insurrectionary designs was, it is said, conclusive. The Tennessee had arrived with important ad vices from Nicaragua. After the battles of Messaya and Granada, in October, the Costa Rica forces advanced, and took possession of San Juan del Sur and the transit route. General liornsey not succeeding in dis lodging them with the forces under his command, was reinforced by Walker in person, who attacked them at the halfway house and drove them back, and then out of San Juan del Sur. The route being open, Walker returned to Granada, and, becoming alarmed for its safety, which was again threatened by the allied forces, he sent down a part of his troops, under Colonel Jacques, to hold it. He then attacked M essaya , w h ere he partly dislodged the enemy and destroyed a part of the town. Find ing that it was impossible to hold forth the transit route and Granada, he determined to abandon the latter and burn it. This act he confided to Hen ningsen, while he proceeded to remove his wounded and sick to the island of Ommettee, in the lake. The enemy advanced on Granada and succeeded in taking the small fort on the lake, about half a mile from the city, and planted two guns in battery, one on each side, and at the same distance from the fort, cutting off all communication between the city and the steamers. Henningsen, with 400 men, having partly destroyed Granada, was cut off in his retreat, and took possession of a church half way between the city and the lake. He was at the last accounts besieged there, but is said to be well supplied with arms and ammunition, having, in fact, the greater part of Walker's stores and a well of water. It would seem from this account that the only points in the possession of Walker at the latest dates were San Juan del Sur and Virgen, about 14 miles apart, at the two ends of the road extending trout the Pacific to the lake. He had also possession of the island in the lake before mentioned, and the steamer or two at his disposal on the lake gave him a certain facility of locomotion and escape, or of obtaining reinforcements. A complete reconciliation is said to have been effected among all Nicaraguan parties under the Presidency of Rivas. Advices from Vera Cruz announce that Puebla had surrendered to the Government forces. The news of Vidaurri's treaty is confirmed. Alvarez bad taken the field in defence of the Government. The Savannah advices are unimportant. In the New York money market, owing to the large amount of specie shipped to New Orleans, there had been more inquiry for money at the banks for the two days previously, and the market closed decidedly stringent. The effect on stocks was downward. New York Central and Erie Railway shares were unusually heavy, at a decline. Exchange was dull at a decline of i t per cent., being 108/ to 109 on London; sf. 20c. to sf. 22ac. on Paris. Cotton, with a fair demand, had advanced closing buoyantly. Southern markets all advanc ing, prices being better than at New York. Flour firm, with an increasing demand at an advance of 5 to 10 cents. Wheat advanced 5 cents. per bushel. Corn without change. Rye firm. Old mess pork not so firm. New mess and prime steady. Beet steady. Lard not so firm. Butter selling freely. Naval stores inanimate. Crude turpentine quiet. Prices nominal. Common rosin heavy. Medium and fine grades quiet, but firm. Freights to Liver pool dull at is. 6d. for flour, and Id. for cotton. To London, flour 2s. 9d. LATEST vu HALIFAX. NEW YORK, DEC. 18. Since the date of the circulars per Arabia cotton has advanced lc. ; middling Orleans quoted 13c., and middling uplands 12ic. Flour unchanged. Wheat advanced. Corn lower. The feeling in our money market to-day was light. Sterling exchange flat. The City of Baltimo re h a d arr i ve d a t Phila delphia. Nothing of the Hermann or America. - NEW ORLEANS, DEC. 17. Sales to day 11,500 bales ; middling quoted We. to Hie. Market steady. THE PENINSULAR MAILS. SOUTHAMPTON, DEC. 28. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Tagus, Captain Christian, arrived to-day with the mails from the Peninsular ports, in charge of Lieut. J. H. Lloyd, R. N., and dates from Gibraltar to December 19 ; Cadiz, 20 ; L isbon, 22 ; Oporto and Vigo 23. This vessel brings eig'at first. class and two second class passengers ; 25 packa ges of specie, value 18,0481. ss. 6d. ; 16 packages of g o ld coin, value 19,774/. ; and a ca rgo consisting o f 160 chests, 291 half-chests, and 146 boxes of oranges, 59 b oxes o f tangerines, 170 box es of eggs, and 102 packages of general merchandise. _ _ The Tagus, bcZ - outwards and homewards, ex perienced a series of furious gales from southward to northward. On the night of the 24th and all day of the 25th she met with continuous kailatorrns, and the weather throughout was of the most unf a . vourable character. We have Lisbon letters to the 22 , 1, at which date the following vessels of war were anchored i n the Tagus :—Her Majesty's steamships Csar, Captain Robb ; Centurion, Captain Fanstiawe ; Sanspareil, C a pt a i n K ey ; Exmouth, Captain H. Eyres •' and Colossus, C a pt. Th ompson ; t h e F renc h steamships Austerlitz and Phenix ; and the Dutch frigate Prins Alexander. Her Majesty's steamer Industry, with invalids, had steam up to leave ft.r Portsmouth, but was detained for the Duke of Wellington, with Admiral Dundas, which was an choring as the Tagus left. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam-packet Sultan, for Cadiz and Gibraltar, and the steamer Rhone, which had Ina in for coals bound from Palermo to Liverpo..l, bad left a few hours before the Tagus sailed. The Royal mail packet Avon, with the outward Brazil mails, arriv e d at Lisbon on tile 16th, and left the following (jay fur Madeira with a tine favourable breeze. The Lisbon exchanges for three months are quoted for this packet—London, 53 ; Paris, 534 AAmsterdam, 41 1 ; Hambu rg , 47 ; an d Genoa, 530.; Paper continued scarce, more particularly on Paris, Hamburg, and Amsterdam. On London short dates were preferred. Stocks were more animated, and rates had s l ig htly unproved. Three per Cents., registered, 441 to 401 ; Coupons, 44g to 44:1 ; De ferred, 241 to 251 ; Bank of Portugal shares, 509 tazu mil re i s ; Bank of Oporto shares, 19 to 20 premium. The weather had been very stormy on the coast of Portugal and in the Tagus, but no serious damage to shipping had been reported by the time the packet left. Tile report that Mr. Howard, thu British Minis- THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 29, 1856 ter at the court of Lisbon, was about to leave for Frankfort, had been contradicted, and had given general satisfaction to the English residents in Portugal, with whom he is very popular. There was no political news in Lisboa when the steamer left. _ _ From Gibraltar we have advices to the 19th inst. The French Government steamer Tartare, one day from Cadiz, arrived on the 15th, and left the same afternoon for the East. The British merchant steamer Alps and the Prussian steamer Alexander 11. sailed on the night of the 14th . for the west. The British steamer Lebanon sailed on the 15th for Malta. The Dutch steamer Rotterdam sailed on the. night of the 15th for Marseilles. The Frenah steamer Marie Stuart, from Marseilles, with a general cargo for Gibraltar, Cadiz, and Lisbon, arrived on the 15th, a nd proceeded a ga i n th e same night. The British steamer British Queen, 12 daysfrona Alexandria and six and a half from Malta, with a general cargo for Liverpool, arrived on the 15th, and sailed again during the night. The French steamer Normandie, from M arse ill es , w ith flour, Sic., for Gibraltar and Cadiz, arrived on the 16th, and left during the night. At five o'clock p.m. on the 15th the British steamer Vasco de Gama sailed for the west. The Pen insular and Oriental Company's steamship Ripon, which had been compelled to take shelter at Corun na from the furious gales, arrived at Gibraltar on the afternoon of the 16th, and resumed her voyage to Malta. and Alexa n d r i a on th e same even i ng . The British steamer Arno, which left Liverpool on the 4th for Genoa and Leghorn, put into Gibraltar Bay on the night of the 16th, and reported having encountered severe gales in the Bay of Biscay, which compelled her to make for Lisbon, where she replenished her stock of coal. The Arno proceed ed on her voyage during the night of the 17th. The British steamer Waterwitch, 40 days from Genoa and five from Carthagena, with a general cargo for London, arrived on the 17th, and left again on the morning of the 19th. The British steamer Rhone, from Palermo, with fruit, dr.c., for Liverpool, arrived on the 18th, and left on the same morning. The British steamer African, from Alexandria and Malta, with wheat for Liverpool, arrived on the 18th. The British steamer Tene rife, 51 days from Liverpool, with bale goods for Genoa and Naples, arrived on the 18th, and pro ceeded during the night. The British steamers Bceotia and Malta passed from west to east on the 18th. The steamship Danube, from Liverpool, arrived in the bay on the afternoon of the 19th. Movements of her Majesty's ships :—The steam sloop Curlew, Captain Horton, from Roquetas, arrived at Gibraltar on the 16th. Tne Stromboli steam sloop, Captain Burgess, having in tow the steam gunboat Clinker, Captain Hudson, arrived on the 18th, 8 days from Malta and 1 from Al giers, and having called at the New Mole they both sailed for England on the morning of the 19th. The Duke of Wellington screw three-decker, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral the Hon. Sir R. Dundas, K.C.8., arrived in Gibraltar Bay on the afternoon on the 19th, and the Admiral was sa luted with 11. guns on his arrival. The Duke of Wellington took in fresh provisions and water, and proceeded to Lisbon. in Woolwich basin, has bad her repairs completed, and is about to be new rigged, when she will be removed to Sheerness, to be placed in the first-class steam reserve there. The paddlewheel steam-vessel Banshee, in Woolwich basin, is progressing rapidly with her repairs and altera tions. She has been fitted with new decks, recsived new paddle-wheels and boxes, new windlass bits, accom modation ladders, &c. ; has been recaulked throughout, bulwarks repaired, and cabin accommodation greatly improved. Her machinery has been repaired, and she has been supplied with a set of new boilers. She is not in commission. Her Majesty's store-ship Dee, Master-Commander Pullen, is shipping machinery and boilers in Woolwich basin for the Royal Sovereign and the Diadem, at Ports mouth ; and, according to instructions from the Admi ralty, is to he fitted with Clifford's new method of lower ing the ship's quarter cutter, and has been arral.ged for that purp •se by the dockyard shipwrights. Some further experiments are ordered to take place on board the Com modore's ship Fisgard, at Woolwich, in order to develop more fully the advantages to be obtained by the substi tution of Clifford's principle. The iron paddlewheel steam vessel Antelope, Lieut.-Commander Pike, about to pro ceed to the West Coast of Africa, is ordered to be pro vided with Clifford's plan of lowering the ship's boats. The Antelope is to sail to-morrow. The following appointments were made on Saturday at the Admiralty : Valentine U. Cuming, mate, to the Cornwallis, and W. A. Banke, midshipman, to the Iris. THE LATE M . R. HUGH MILLER. A post mortem examination of the body of Hugh Miller was made at his house in Portobello, on Friday, by Pro• lessor Miller and other medical gentlemen. The following is the conclusion to which they have come : " The cause of death we found to be a pistol shot through the left side of the chest, and this we are satis fied was inflicted by his own hand. From the diseased appearances in the brain, taken in c onnect i on w i t h t h e history of the case, we have no doubt that the act was suicidal, under the impulse of insanity." The following few lines to his wife, found written on a folio sheet lying on the table beside his corpse, give, painful evidence of the awful intensity of the disease : " Dearest Lydie,—My brain burns. I must have walked ; and a fearful dream arises upon me. I cannot bear the horrible thought. God and Father of the Lord Jesus Christ have mercy anon me. Dearest Lydia, dear children, farewell. My brain burns as the recollection grows. My dear, dear wife, farewell. " HUGH MILLER." "For some months past," states the Witness of Satur day, " his overtasked intellect had given evidence of dis order. He became the prey of false or exaggerated alarms. He fancied—if, indeed, it was a fancy—that occasionally, and for brief intervals, his faculties quite failed him, that his mind broke down. He was engaged at this time with a treatise on the Testimony of the Rocks,' upon which he was putting out all his strength, working at his topmost pitch of intensity. That volume will in a few weeks be in the hands of many of our read ers ; and while they peruse it with the saddened impres sion tnat the intellect and genius of the author poured out their latest treasures in its composition, they will search through it in vain for the slightest evidence of feebleness or decaying power. Rather let us anticipate the general verdict that will be pronounced upon it, arid speak of it as one of the ablest of all his writings. But he wrought at it too eagerly. Hours after midnight the light was seen to glimmer through the window of that room which within the same eventful week was to wit ness the close of the volume and the close of the writer's life. This overworking of the brain began to tell upon his mental heal-h. He had always been somewhat moodily apprehensive of being attacked by footpads, and had carried loaded firearms about his person. Lat terly, having occasion sometimes to return to Portobello from Edinburgh at unseasonable hours, he had furnished himself with a revolver. But now, to all his old fears as to attacks upon his person, there was added an exciting and overmastering impression that his house, and especially that museum, the fruit of no much care, which was con tained in a separate outer building, were exposed to the assault of burglars. He read all the recent stories of house ruboeries. He believed that one night lately an actual attempt to break in upon his museum had been made. Visions of ticket-of-leave men prowling about his pre mises haunted him by day and by night. The revolver which lay nightly near him was not enough ; a broad bladed dagger was kept beside it, while behind him, at his bedhead, a claymore stood ready at hand. A week lit' so ago a new and more aggravated feature of cere bral disorder showed itself in sudden and singular sensa• tione in his head. They came on only after lengthened intervals. They did not last long, but were intensely violent. The terrible idea that his brain was simply and hopelessly diseased, that his mind was on the verge of ruic, took hold of him, and stood out before his eye in all that appalling magnitude in which such an imagi nation as his alone could picture it." Up to Monday last it appears he had spoken to no one of these mental paroxysm'. Ou Monday be called on Dr. Balfour in Portobello. "On my asking," says Dr. Balfour, in a communicvion to the Witness what was the matter with him, he replied, " My brain is giving way. I cannot put two thohghts together to-day. I have had a dreadful night of it. I cannot face another such. I was impressed with the idea that my museum was attacked by robbers, and that I had got up, put on my clothes, and gone out with a loaded pistol to shoot them. Immediately after that I became unconsci ous. How long that continued I cannot say ; but when I awoke in the morning I was trembling all over, and quite confused in my brain. So thoroughly convinced was I that I must have been out through the night that I examined my trousers to see if they were wet or co vered with mud, but could find zone. The next day a consultation was held between Dr. Balfour and Professor Miller, the result of which the latter thus communicates : " We examined the chest, an i found that unusually well ; but we soon discovered that it was head symptoms that made him uneasy. He acknowledged having been night after night up till very late in the morning, work ing hard and continuously at his new book, ' which,' with much satisfaction, he said, I have finished this day.' He was sensible that his head had suffered in consequence, as evidenced in two ways—first, occasion. ally he felt as if a very fine poniard had been suddenly passed through and through his brain. The pain was in tense, and momentarily followed by confusion and giddi ness, and the sense of being 'very drunk,' unable to stand or walk. He thought that a period of unconsciousness must have followed this—a kind of swoon, but he bad never fallen. Second, what annoyed him most, however, was a kind of nightmare, which for some nights past had rendered sleep most miserable. I, was no dream, he said; ne saw no distinct vision, and could remember nothing of what had passed accurately. It was a sense of vague and yet intense horror, with a conviction of being abr/ad in the night wind, and dragged through places as if by some invisible power. Last night,' he said, I felt as if I had been ridden by a witch for 50 miles, and rose far more wearied in mind and body than when I lay down.' " " Suffice it to say," acids Professor Miller, " that we came to the conclusio❑ that he was suffering from an over-worked mind, disordering his digestive organs, enervating his whole frame, and threatening serious heal affection. 'We told him this, and enjoined absolute discontinuance of all work—bed at 11, light supper (he had all his lite made that a principal meal), thinning the hair of the head, a warm sponging-bath, at bed time, &c. To all our commands he readily promised obedi ence. For fully an hour we talked together on these and other subjects, and I left him with no apprehension of impending:evil, and little doubting bat that a short time of rest and regimen would restore him to his wonted vi gour:: S'iortlyafrerwards, states he Witness, the servant en tered the dining room to spread the taote— " She found Mr. Miller in the room alone. Another of the paroxysms was on him. His face was such a pic ture of horror that she shrunk in terror from the sight. He flung himself on the sofa and buried his head, as if in agony, upon the cushion. Again, however, the vision flitted by, and left him in perfect health. The evening was , spent quietly with his family. During tea he employed himself in reading aloud Cowper's Ca►st away,' the Sonnet on Mary U . ;win,' and one of his more playful pieces, for the special pleasure of hie children. Having corrected some proofs of the forthcoming volume he went up stairs to his study. At the appointed hour he had taken the bath, but, unfortunately, his natu ral and peculiar repugnance to physic had induced him to leave untaken the medicine that bad been pre scribed. He had retired into his sleeping room, a small apartment opening out of his study, and which, for some time past, in consideration of the (ielicate state of his wife's health and the irregularity of hie own hours of study, he occupied at night alone—and laid some time upon the bed. The horrible trance, more horrible than ever - , must have returned. All that can now be known of what followed is to be gathered from the facts, that next morning his body,:half-dressed, was found lying lifeless on the lour, the feet upon the study rug, the chest pierced wick the ball of the revolver pistol, which was found lying in the bath that stood close by. The bullet had perforated the left lung, grazed the heart, cut through the pulmonary artery at its root, and lodged in the rib in the right side. Death must have been in stantaneous." The terrible story of Mr. Miller's death has created a still deeper gloom in Edinburgh by the publication of these particulars. But another sad tragedy in connec tion with nis fate had at the same time to be disclosed. After the judicial and medical inquiry on Friday, Prof. Miller took the pistol to the gunsmith from whom it bad been purchased by Mr. Miller in July, 1855, in order to ascertain how many shcts had, been fired and how many were still in the chamber,. In the master's ab sence, the foreman, Thomas Leslie, an old and expe rienced workman, received the pistol from Prof. Miller, and unfortunately, in.ttead of taking off the chamber, he looked int.. the 'nuzzle, br,tding the hammer with his fingers while he turned tb.e chamber round to count the charges. The hammer sipped from his fingers, struck. the cap, and the charge in the barrel exploded. T Miller, still standing outside the counter, " That's a narrow escape," but unhappily for as the smoke clearfAl away he P" head gradually droop and his b" the fiber. The charge had penetrated the brain man, and bad been rof. it was not so, the poor man's Ay then fall lifeless on entered his right eye, and ueslie wag a steady trust worthy .l 5 years in his present employment. -JOW and a family of eight children. left to -.upport the family, consisting of Hugh and two younger sisters, by her own exertions The mother had two brothers who appear to have taken an especial in terest in little Hugh, and to them, as he himself says, he owed much wore of his real education than to any of ' the teachers . to whose superintendence he was afterwards committed. Uncle John. the elder, had too mach work always on his hands to be able to look much after his nephew ; but the influence exerted over him by Uncle Alexander is unmistakeable. After having attended the dame school and afterwards the parish school, Hugh was bound apprentice for three years to the husband of one of his maternal aunts, a stone mason in the neighbourhood of Cromarty. He was then a slender little lad of 17 ; and the excessive labour which he had to go through in the quarries proved at first too much for his strength. He had frequent fits of depression, grew absent in mind, and became subject even to fits of partial somnambulism. But after the first year, he got u-ed to she severe toil, and his health returned. While still at school he was fond of wandering along the sea side, and examining the pebbles and debris that lay scattered in closely packed beds along the shore ; and encouraged by his uncle Sandy, who had a taste for natural history, had picked up a good deal of information about the materials and formation of these rocky strata. The bent of his mind to'aards his favourite science was thus early and distinctly indicated; though at first it lay rather in the direction of mineralogy than geology. " Mineralogy in its first rudiments," he writes in his " School and School masters," " had early awakened my curiosity, just as it never fails to awaken with its gems and its metals and its herd glittering rs eke, of which tools may be made, the curi osity of infant tribes and nations. But in unsightly masses of mechanical origin, whether sandstone or clay, I could take no interest ; just as infant societies take no interest in such masses, and so fail to know anything of geology ; and it was nut until I had learned to detect among the ancient sandstone strata of this quarry ex actly the same phenomena as those which I used to wit ness in my walks with Uncle Sandy in the ebb, that I was fairly excited to examine and inquire. It was the necessity which made me a quarrier that taught me to be a geologist." Soon after the period of his apprentice ship bad expired, he quitted Cromarty and went to Leith, in the hope of getting employment as a mechanic among the stone cutters. He soon got work of the kind he wanted at Niddy Mill village. He does not seem, how ever, to have been very comfortable in his new quarters. His comrades, though good workmen, were for the most part a hard-drinking, ignorant set, who were u p r d o i v e ci e k d e d ag b a y h i ns isteadiness t s hi g Highland birthvoo conduct, d and a aec e nt nd pre j His health also soon gave way, and he resolved to return tc ferrieonmdasritay. the He was ; he c ar ar t e ily welcomed spe b e y dil a y ll re h s i t s or o e l d d him, and in the summer of 1828 he set out for Inverness for the purpose of getting employment as a cutter of inscriptions on stones. It was then that he first formed a connection with the press. Some poetry which he sent to the Inverness Courier brought him under the notice of the editor of that j ,urnal, who encouraged him in his literary efforts, and afterwards assisted him in his pub lishing a small volume of fugitive poetry. His poetical efforts, though on the whole rather unfavourably received, gained for him several good friends. Among the number was Principal Baird, who, after perusing Miller's verses and series of letters on herring-fishing, which he had con tributed to the Inverness Courier, had expressed a desire to know :heir author. A meeting accordingly took place, and Dr. Baird urged Hugh Miller very strongly to quit Inverness and seek literary employment in Edinburgh. Hugh prudently declined the ii.vitation. "I did think it possible," he says, " that in some subordinate capa city—as a concoctor of paragraphs or an abridger of Parliamentary debates, or even as a writer of occa-ional articles, I might might find more remunerative employ merit as a stone-mason. But though I might acquaint i ed whether in thisa lh sei t f he in w a orldo large f b t o o o w k n s I when questoinuecould way, With enjoy equal opportunities of acquainting myself w ith th e occult and the new in natural science as when plying my o cc labours in the provinces as a mechanic." So he resolved not altogether to give up the project of becoming a literary man, but to postpone its realisation. It was about this time that he began to collect the traditions of his native district, which were afterwards published in Edinburgh. He also began to give more attention both to local and national politics, as, indeed, no man of any earnestness or spirit could help doing in those spirit-stirring times. So interested did he become in local affairs, that on one occasion he went the length of standing at a municipal election, for a councillor, at which, not a little to his surprise, he was successful. The honour, however, soon lost its relish for him. "In duly attending the first meet ing of Council," he writes, "I heard an eloquent speech from a gentleman in the Opposition, directed against the individuals who, as he finely expressed it, 'were wielding tee destinies of his native town,' and saw, as the only seri ous piece of business before the meeting, the councillors clubbing pennies a-piece, in order to defray, in the utter lack of town funds, the expense of a ninepenny p os t age. And then, with I fear a very inadequate sense of the re sponsibilities of my new office, I staid away from the Council Beard, and did nothing whatever in its behalf, with astonishing perseverance and success, for three years together." Satisfied of his capacity for a newspaper writer, he next determined on publishing the " Legends of Cromarty," by way of a sample of his literary powers. Before, how ever, this project was carried into effect, he was offered, and accepted the accountantship of a branch agency of the Commercial Bank of Scotland, which was about to be established in Cromarty. He then went to Edinburgh to receive instructions, and after a few days was sent to Linlithgow to be practically initiated into the mysteries of book-keeping. Before leaving Edinburgh he managed, through the medium of Sir Thos. Dick Lauder, to get Mr. Black to accept the Legends, on what he then con sidered very liberal terms. After two months' pupilage he returned to Cromarty and married. This change in his situation brought with it anxious thoughts as to bow he would increase his limited income. About that time (1335) a periodical called "Border Tales" was started, and to it Hugh Miller contributed a number of tales. This helped to eke out his slender means, and led to his forming a connection with Citambers's Journal. All this time Mr. Miller continued to devote what spare time he could afford to the study of his favourite science, geology. To the examination of a rich ichthyolitic deposit of the old red sandstone his attention was especially directed ; and the discoveries and restorations in which these investigations resulted afterwards formed the basis of his great scientific reputation. A more exciting subject, however, was soon pressed upon his notice in the shape of the Voluntary controversy, and the critical situation of the Presbyterian Church. " Could Ido nothing for my church in her hour of peril ?" he asked himself. "I tossed wakefully throughout a whole night, in which I formed my plan of taking the purely popular side of the question, and in the morning I sat down to state my views to the people in the form of a letter to Lord Brougham. I devoted to my new employment every moment not imperatively demanded by my diries in the bank office, and in about a week after was able to despatch the manuscript of my pamphlet to the respected manager of the Commercial Bank." This pamphlet the i ,4g E , : zi t a t b h l e i s h y m e whoaernltB4o, it a w f t a t) , r p w r a o r p d o s ed t founded hat a n e t b yr e s p F a p r e e at once attra c t e d th e attention of those ministers of e s C h h o u u r l c d h . be e A s f t t a e b r l sh d e i d s c s to i o npopularhouse oof th views, i R e w e vs; and in promote th e t he the author of the pamphlet was invited to become its editor. Thus the Witness was established, and it soon flourished under so able a manager. In addition to the p amp hl et an " Legends of Cromar ty," Mr. Miller's other works were " First Impressions of England and its People," "The Old Red Sandstone," " Footprints of the Creat or, " and " My Schools and Schoolmasters." Up to the tim e of his decease he was engaged in writing a work on the geological accuracy of the Mosaic narrative, entitled "The the Rocks." DR. LIVINGSTON UPON AFRICA. Dr. Livingston has Acidrepze4 the folio wing letter to a contemporary : Sir,—There certainly would be no increase in the general happiness of the world by the simple transfer of the slave-labour system of cotton-growing from the Southern States of America to either one portion or another of the African continent ; but as I believe it improbable that such a system —one of monstrous wrong to the black, and bad neighbourhood, with a tendency of political tyranny, to the white, will be the result of our encouraging the Africans to produce the raw mate rials of our manufactures on their own soil, I shall en deavour to give a general view of the social and political relations of the tribes with which I am best acquainted, as it is on the peculiarities of these that my belief is founded, and you will then be able to decide whether I have been led to my conclusion by sober reason or by too sanguine hopes. The government of most of the African tribe is patriarchal. Each man becomes head or chief of his own family and their dependents. The children build huts around a spot called the "kotla," which answers to the "gate" in ancient times. Above these paternal chiefs there are influential men, allied by either blood or marriage to the chief of the town or tribe. They have a kotlas under them, and are often termed Barenana— " little lords ;" or by anther word, meaning " little great old ones." The chief (Nlorena or Kosi—lord or king), with his cattle pen and kotla in the centre of the town, is head over all. When a man cannot manage his ■in he appeals to his "little lord" for assistance ; and when a man of one kotla has a compiaint against one of another kotla the case is brought by these " little lords" before the chief. If a case requiring little considera tion, the chief decides on the evidence, which is given orally, the witness always standing. Should it be a matter of more importance, or any pub lic question, the chief sends for all his lords, and the case is reheard in their presence. They utter their opinions freely, and the chief sums up their opinions, taking the sane view or not, as the case may be, with the majority. If a man of decision of character, he carries it his own way ; if otherwise, they generally carry it in theirs. The chief seldom adopts any measure di rectly contrary to public opinion. One or two decided opponents will make him waver and hesitate, and perhaps have resource to the dice or divination. The elders or lords are guided by a number of maxims or proverbs, which seem to have come down to them by tradition. These remarks refer chiefly to the tribes south of 18 deg. south latitude. In the country of the true negro, which lies north of that point, the political relations, though generally the same, are somewhat risodifiel by female in fluence ; but the general relation of one tribe to another is the same in all which came under my observation. One tribe is perfectly independent of another, except by a sort of traditionary bond, which will become developed in cases of invasion or common danger. It seems to have arisen from having had a common origin, and it became partially apparent when a late colonial Governor made the enor mous mistake of pretending to place himself in the tradi tional headship of the Caffre family. A better plan for rousing every particle of patriotism and loyalty of the most devoted people on earth could not have been devised than that of what to an Eng ishina❑ will appear a very simple affair viz., appoint ing a European Kosinkolu instead of a poor Caffre one with a withered leg. Universally it must have been felt as a stab at their entire nationality. If we speak of it with reference to right and wrong, a know ledge of the African political constitution would have led any man with his wits about him to imitate the con duct of the English Government with the Highland chiefs —quietly bought up the power of the under chiefs or subsidised them, and then the Kosinkolu would have given no more trouble than did the descendants of our Pretender. Among the Bechuanas there is no paramount chief, though they refer themselves to a common origin. They are more effeminate than the Caffrss, and those of them who were subjugated by Moschatze gave no trouble to the Boers, who very wisely sidled away from the Caffres, of whom they universally entertain a very wholesome dread. When they (the Boers) wish to appear valiant they name the Becbuanas " Caifres," and may with out much danger " perform brilliant service before the enemy," seeing our Government at the Cape pre vents the Bechuanas from receiving supplies of gun• powder—although they never gave us any trouble— and allows a free supply to the Boers, who have. Among the negroes beyond 18 deg. the system of paramount chiefs prevails in somewhat greater force than in Caffreland, Matiamvo is the paramount chief of a very widely scat tered tribe celled Balonda (or Balonda) ; but the various chiefs who profess subjection to him are perfectly independent, yet use his name as a sort of bugbear to each other, and every few yews send him a present. Cazembe calls himself a vassal of Matiamvo too, and has an hereditary claim to be general-in-chief to him in somewhat the same way one of our Scottish peers does in reference to his clan. Monomotapa (Lord Mo tapa), often named by the Portuguese the "Emperor," is another of the paramount chiefs; but, though formerly subsidised by the Portuguese and honoured with a guard of European troops, is certainly not such a powerful man as Saudillah in Caffreland. Now, these various chiefs, though nearly independent of each other, are by no means independent ”f their people. Suppose a man is dissatisfied with one chief he can easily transfer himself to another, and as a chief's importance increases with the number of his followers fugitives are always received with open arms. The chief of the Balobale, who are west of the Balonda (12 deg. and 13 deg. S. lat., 23 deg. E. long.), sold some of his people a few years ago to Mamhari, The consequence was, whole villages passed over to the Balonda, and we saw them as a❑ important part of the population ender Sainte. Slavery invariably produces bad neighbourhood. Nearly all the Portuguese wars have had this element in them —" they received and kept our fugitive slaves." So constantly is this the case I cannot c mceive a cordial friend,hip between the United States and England till either a fugitive slave act is operative in Canada and England, or slavery is abolished in the South. In Africa an extensive slave system could not be carried out anywhere except in the spaces enclosed in the deep reedy rivers of the Great Valley. One of the queens of the Sebituane tried to escape thence to the south ; but, though accompanied by eight attendants, she got so en tangled in the branches of the rivers as to be obliged, after a month's absence, to give herself up. In all the other parts of the country the facilities for escape are -in great that the slave system, even though it were de e'rable to establish it, c mld not be worked. Would it be necessary t Take the most free independent persons in the country, the Bushmen and Bakelahari ; they kill and prepare upwards of 30,000 small animals, the skins of which are taken annually t the Cape in the shape of " karosses." Ultimately many of them purchase tea in China. Three or four traders manage the whole affair. Ask an American, and he would answer that these animals could only be collected from the desert by slave lal ear. I Then in Angola a ver y l arg e amoun t o f i vory , bees wax. and palm and sweet oil is exported. We met hundreds of people carrying these articles to the coast. The Balonda and Ambonda collect most beeswax by means of hives, which we saw at distances of a few miles on trees in the forest. They are not given to steal each other's honey, from a fear of medicine being placed on the trees. For the most part, nearly all the wax is collected by perfectly free agency, though to one sitting in Loando the amount seems enormous. And so of the palm and sweet oil. It is produced by independent negroes, and had they roads, as I recommended they should have, in Angola, the produce would be multiplied a hundredfold. I say thi s b ecause o f th e c h eap ra t e at which these arti cles may be o bt a i ne d f rom th e oultivater i in the interior, aed the very won d er f u l p re dilection which all Africans have for bart er . I n connection with this subject I may mention that before our cruisers were so increased in number as to repress the trade in slaves the traders went inland and purchased slaves sufficient to carry the wax, ivory, &c., they could rind to the coast. Both were sold for exportation. But when our cruisers became by in creased numbers more efficient, a new system was neces sary ; and now the Government of Angola compels the negroes living under it to render service in transporting merchandise at a fixed rate to the coast. This was pretty clear proof that the slave trade was repressed, though it did not prove its entire suppression. We can. not always trace an untruth to its author. I had im bibed a Yankee notion that our cruisers only made bad worse, and increased by interference the horrors of the middle passage. My brother, a clergyman in the United States, heard a professor of political economy assert the same thing ; and as our cousins like to say remark. able things, it was added, that "England would adopt a more humane course were she to fit up a line like the Cunard to transp at the negroes from Africa to Cuba in comfort." I was led away by these and other state merits made in Parliament. But in Angola I found " the time of the slave trade " spoken of in the past tense. I saw slaves sold for 12s. within 100 miles of the coast who formerly would have commanded 70 dol lars, and travelled with companies of slaves carried from Angola (chiefly women) to be bartered among the Balonda for . ivory and wax. Th e en ti re trade is not closed, but it is se dangerous as to prevent any one t 3 xcept a very few daring characters risking their mo ne y in it. The heartiness manifested by all our officers in their work and other things made me rather ashamed of myself fur imbibing what I could c l early see was rather - a Yankee than an Eillish notion, propagated probably, in the first place, by triage Who may have been interested indirectly in the slave trade, and believed by those who were not, but had no means of testing its accuracy. The idea that the Africans could not produce cotton enough for the supply of Engl an d on t h eir own soil I very much suspect is a Yankee notion too. Look at the insigiacant istanSl of the Mauritius, 35 miles long by 25 brosd ; a grea t piece of volcanic rock, and.so little soil that the b ailders wbiCb covered it must be placed in rows, as dry stone dykes, in order t o get space f or the sugar cane; the iclee *l'6 made for the cane between the rows, and a little guaryi welded, f rr without that there would be e sugar ; and whet that part is exhausted the dykes inu,t all be moved on to the intervening spaces. The labour must all be brought by colonial money from India, and then English enterprise produces sugar equal in amount to one-fourth of the entire consumption of Great Britain. The population of this wonderful lit le island, 200,000, is entirely free ; the labourers, happy and comparatively free from the idiueuce of caste, feel more friendly to Christianity and civilisation, and often return home as such men to spend their after life in ease and quiet. In deed, it i s f ree l a b our w hi c h here, asin Angola, produces the large supply of the articles we need. The latter country conteiss a population of 600,0 00 souls, and only from 5 to 7 per cent are slaves. But it may be objected that the colonists of Natal cannot`get free labour from the Caffres, and eurGovern. meat must supply them with coolies — there can be no harm in quoting the Natalians ' own words, as published f:om reports of public meetings in their own newspapers. '`e vowed object of the speakers at one meeting a few years age Ole, to induce the government to grant Chinese or C , ) die labour, for the. they w••ul 4 aet English caps a! on the strehgth v i"New, I vvisti them to get some of it ; they would make a much better use of it than the Emperor of Russia would, but, though desirous to see them prosper, I think it will be in their power to remember that Caffre labour by the thousand was at their door at 7s. 6d. a month, and if a Times' commissioner had gone out they would both have left off their clamour for " labour" and for a Caffre war, fir these " Times' people" are i.ad fellows for put. ting the ends of things tog. ther. The attempt by a commission to get up a Caffre war produced the opinion of the Recorder of Natal, " that history does not present another instance in which greater security was enjoyed of both life and property than had been enjoyed by the Natnlians during the period of English occupation." Mr. Cloete, the Recorder, is a gentleman of Dutch desc-nt, of distinguished impartiality of judgment, and eminent in legal attainments. And then they were told, neat. con., in the commission, that nearly all those who were clamouring for labour were so unable to employ labour that they had antua'ly come to the ' oolony in search of employment. I wish them succe-s ; but you will see whether their want of labour means more than want of capital, and whether the case has any bearing on the question, producing cotton by free labour in Africa. With respect to the fertility of the soil I have very little doubt, because cotton is already cultivated, though of in ferior quality. It is short in the pile. In Cazengo, a dis triet of Angola, 1,200 cloths, 6 feet long by 3 broad, is the annual tribute of the free population to Govern ment. There is been'-wax in great abundance in the in• terior, but the people eat the honey and throw the wax away. Coffee, wheat, sugar, and indigo were formerly exported from Tete. The country in many parts is quite covered with wild vines ; but the grapes are bad. There is abundance of specular iron ore and the black oxide, but I have spoken of these elsewhere. The wheat grows on parts flooded by the Zambese ; and this river inun dates large patches of country annually, exactly as the Nile does. Indeed, it rises in a great velley, containing extensive collections of water with islands. And, as the view of Sir R. Murchison respecting the formation of Africa was remarkably confirmed by my observations, ' made without the remotest idea of his having enunciated it clearly three years before, I think it highly probable that the Zambese and Nile rise in one great valley. The Valley ot the Nile between Cairo and Alexandria is the exact counterpart to the Valley of the Barotse, between 16 degrees and 14& degrees south latitude, and 23 de grees east longitude My principal object in referring you to these matters in the present paper is to take advantage of your wide cir culation to utter a sort of protest against any rash specu lations being made in connection with them. The ports called Barra Catrina and Melum be, at the teal mouths of the Zambese, might to be examined by competent per sons, if the opinion of the late Captaiu Parker, who was killed at the mouth of the Danube, and who is said to have been delighted with the branch called Luabo or enema, cannot be found at the Admiralty. The river of Quillimane, which I came down, is not the Zambese at all. When I left that river it was lowing rapidly, with about three-quarters of a mile of deep water. It remains high during five months of the year—i e., small steamer would scarcely run aground anywhere within 300 miles of the coast ; and during the remaining months there is a deep channel, rather winding and shifting from year to year. There is a shifting, too, of the large reedy island in the river below Lupata ; the healthiest period of the year—May, June, and July— corresponds with the time of medium height of the water. The countr y is uninteresting until you go through the gorge of Lupata. The numerous islands where, be fore the late war, 24 fowls could be bought for two fathoms of strong unbleached calico, and grain equally cheap, are now depopulated. The Portuguese Govern ment has made the ports of the eastern coast free, and certain privileges are granted to any one who may disco ver and work a mine. The country, especially that north of the Zambese, is remarkably fertile, and the people cultivate largely ; yet I would recommend nothing but a small outlay in any attempt to develope the resources of the country. Anything on a grand scale would be sure to fail, because it is so very difficult to get the pro per agency, for however good men may appear at home when freed from the restraints of public opinion and the thousand other influences which bear upon them in England, they do often act in the most unaccountable manner. Let but little be attempted at firer, and when success in the small way is attained operations can easily be extended ; your men will then be known too. If, fir instance, an attempt were made to develops the coal trade there . would be no great difficulty in a small armed steamer going up the Zambese 360 miles to the parts around Tete, where the seams crop out of the sur face. One seam could be reached by going up, in flat bottomed boats, a river 60 or 80 yards broad, called Revubne (Revubwe), 'which falls into the Zambese on the north bank about two miles below the fort. These lat-bottomed boats would approach to within two or three miles of the seam, and, but for a small cascade in th e Revubwe, they could enter the tributary ot the Revubwe in which the seam exists. It is situate in tke perpendicular bank, anft, measured from the level of the stream, it is 48 inches in fii.meter, a few inches of shale, then another of 10 inches - 58 i nc h es o f coa l i n a ll . Th e dip of the seam is inclined upward, so as no machinery for drainage would be required. Close by the coal has been converted into coke by volcanic action. , Another tributary of the Revubwe, which enters nearly opposite this, contains another seam, and there are others higher up, or northwards. I . have brought specimens for the museum in Jermyu-street, under Sir R. Murchison, whose opinion will be decisive as to the value or worth• lessness of the mineral. Should such a speculation be successful, accurate information of the co umercial value of other articles would in the meantime be secured. I am not qualified by a commercial education to give any opinion, and others equally clever might not succeed in gaining the affections of the natives. With me, indeed, it has been a work of time, and I have profited muob by the kindness of those with whom I have lived in' giving me a good name. But any one may keep a civil tongue in his head and avoid espousing the quarrels of others, as the English have done those of the Boers with the Caffree. Let it always be remembered that slave keeping is bad neighbourhood ; "if you don't give up my runaway slave you are my enemy." This has been the root of many a war. SIR B..BALL'S DETERMINATION AS TO THE DRAINAGIM QUESTION. (Front the Examiner.) Sir Benjamin Hall has resolved to refer the ques tion of the metropolitan drainage to a commission, composed of two civil engineers and one military. They are to consider the plans which have been proposed, including, of course, t he p lan B (the initial of bad), adopted by the hug e vestry called the Metropolitan Board of Works, but they are not to be confined to a choiew - of t h e se plans. They are to be free to suggest any other which may be more complete and effectual for the same object. If it should seem fitting to these gentlemen that the outfall of the sewage should be placed lower down the river that. the point proposed in plan B—let, us suppose at Shellhaveu or Shoeburyuess—they will have to calculate the increase of the cost of the work above the estimate for plan B, the requirements of the act of Parliament, exempts the metropolis from any charge exceeding the cost of that work This is au equitable and wise arrange ment. The whole population of the eastern valley of the Thames is interested in the purification of the river, and it is but fair that th ey should bear a share of the burden serving to their sanatory and other interests. But who is there in the kingdom who is not concerned in thi s great work, which is i s v e e r, ry e b it o h d e y r c f o o m r ebsusitnoeLssoonr ednsosenatt some essentially t a i t m io e na o l r ? pleasure, and it is eve o r tE y h body's interest, therefore, that London should be in the cleanest and most wholesome state possible. Much will now depend on the select ( i ) on of the may thr lye,eeengtilaneeyerwsill Let not b u e s l ed hopehy the that, n swohe by Captain whoever they Burstal's obs e rv a ti ons on t h e t i des. A Greenwich pilot will be a much safer authority. For want of an instructor of that pra c ti ca l c l ass , one o f th e mos t celebrated engineers of our time committed himself to a theoretical blunder of a magnitude hardly credible. The occasion was an inquiry as to the probable effect of the present London-bridge upon the rise and fall of the tides, the old bridge having by its startlings served as a dam, and apprehension having been entertained that the re moval of the dam would be attended at spring floods with an overflow, inundating the metropolis and its neighbourhood at high-water, and at the ebbs with au exhaustion of the stream, rendering it unnavig able. Examined as to the rate at which the tide ran in springs, the engineer astonished the commit tee by answering 20 miles an hour. The urn ientific members of the committee stared at this informa tion, for all of them had seen the tide flowing be tween the bridges, besides having tided it down to Greenwich and Blackwall white-bait dinners at no such rampant rate ah 20 miles an hour. One of the committee, after a pause, ventured timidly to ask whether there was not some little mistake in the witness's statement of so rapid a run of the tide? No, he replied, with all confidence, adding that he would demonstrate the matter beyond the shadow of a doubt. " You will see, gentlemen," said he, "by these tables that is flood to-day at the Nora at 12 o'clock. Well, if you will turn to the tide table for London -bridge you will see that it is flood there at two p.m. Thus there is a difference of two hours between the time of flood at the Nore and London -bridge. The distance between the two places is about 40 miles, which divided by two gives 20, the rate at which the tide runs up from the Nore to London -bridge." Such a blunder of false reasoning as this, in contradiction to the plainest and clearest of plain and clear facts, seems now inconceivable, but some 30 years hence not less in credible may it appear that engineers of our day left out of their calculations the fact that the flood tide outcarrits the ebb, though at any fixed point the duration of each may seem equal, or the tim , of the ebb rather the longer of the two. Bet lawn an e mpty bottle at London-bridge, and it will not have more at the utmost than a five hours' voyage down the river against seven up again on the flood. This, however, is a sort of demonstration which a Capt. Burstal will hold in supreme contempt. He has lett a The d at C ...ceased, says the Caledonian Mercury, was born roularty in October, 1802. His father was a sailor, came of a family the sons of which had for many generations been devoted to sea-faring pursuits. Before . Hugh was five years old his father peri s hed a t sea, as his two uncles had done before him; and tilts mother was (Front the Literary Gazette.) Not one of the authors of our day has approached Hugh Miller as a master of English composition, for the equal of which we must go back to the times of Addison, Hume, and Goldsmith. Other living writers have now a wider celebrity, but they owe it much to the peculiarity of their style or the popularity of their topics. Slr. Miller has taken subjects of science, too often ren dered dry and repulsive, and has thrown over them an air of attractive romance. His writings on literature, history, and politics are known to comparatively few, from having appeared in the columns of a local news paper. A judicious selection from his miscellaneous ar ticles in the Witness would widely extend his fame, and secure for him a place in classic English literature as high as he held during his life as a periodical writer and as a scientific geologist. The personal appearance of Mr. Miller, or "Old Red," as he was familiarly named by his scientific friends, will cot be forgotten by any who have seen him. A head of great massiveness, magnified by an abundant profusion of nub-Celtic hair, was set on a body of muscular compactness, but which in later years felt the undermining influence of a life of unusual physical and mental toil. Generally wrapped in a bulky plaid, and with a garb ready for any work, he bad the appearance of a shepherd from the Ross-shire hills rather than an author and a man of science. In conversation or in lecturing the man of original genius and cultivated mind at once shone out, and his abundant information and philosophical acuteness were only less remarkable than his amiable disposition, his generous spirit, and his consistent, humble piety. Literature. and science have lost in him one of their brightest ornaments, and Scot land one of its greatest men. iniveiddiftor:cuin•ersaesAraa,z,oißmn: irgiikeilnyoadleubiioB.4etiasti: .(D en't5TAL PILACE.—HaIf-crown Day. Saturday, Admissions on paytnent, 843 ; do. by seaeou tickets, Livernumerous ivyrea i:::i t ir4n 07: e :io st 2ss.rt.i ra .:9— ::r eeit c: 0: i .m a l.g a iiii r s : e l :r 7 e 6 s 7 w ,; ith t o o u ta t (Dyspepsia); Flatulency, Asthma, Consumption, and Debility, effected by Du Barry's Constipation,jEnElizabeth E z A aa bDretEnhltotJacobs,t the e m N c l e : a s r Nerv o u s, delicious health•restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, the follow cure of extreme /wry, 0 ci, . ~usness, indigestion gathering, low spints, and nervous %mei u ag 114 i, Mn Elizabeth ".' Cil"l%.?'' - -1 WS dys" , .ateaere, near Liverpool : a cure of ten years, e ep,sia and all the liOrrol`4 oritertots If l:ability." Cure No, 3,906: L'. Thirteen years' cough, indigestiou, Etn 4 general debility, have been removed by Mt 13arry's etcellent Revalenta Arabida food.—JAmss PORTER, Athol-street, Perth. Supported by testim on i a l s f rom th e celebrated Professors of Chemistry Dr. Andrew Ure ; Dr. Shorland ; Dr. Harvey ; Dr. Campbell ; Dr. tlattiker ; _Dr: *Wier ) Dr. Ingram ; Lord Stuart do Deeitis *; the bowager Countess Of Cas e stuart ; Major-G ee- Thomas King, and many other respecta b le persons, whose health has been restored by it, after al l oth er means of cure had failed. Suitably packed for all clima t es, with full instru c ti ons. In canisters, 11b ., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. i d.; 51bs., Ils. ; 121b 5 . , 22 5.; onper-refine d, 11b., 6s. ; 2 1 bs., l. ; Bibs., 225.; 101bs., 338. The 101bs, and 121 bs. carriage free, on receipt of post-ooleo order .. Barry du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, L on d on • Forts um, M ason , a nd Co " Purveyors to her Majesty, Piccadilly ; t aso at 60, Gracechurch-street ; 330 and 451, Strand; 4, Cheap; lido : 68. Cornhill ; 49, Bishops gate-street; 55, Charing-crosa, y 54, trpPe r Baker-street; 63 and 1.50. Oxforthstreet.. :aval and initicary intedigeuce. Lady Franklin, accompanied by Miss Cracroft, Mrs. and kiss S. M`lienzie, Sir R. Murchison, Mr. Majendie, Capt. M'Clintock, R.N., and Mr. C. Grinnell, paid a visit to the Resolute, in Portsmouth harbour, on Satur day afternoon. They were received on the quarter-deck by Capt. Hartstein, the officers, and crew, attended by the United States' vice-consul at Portsmouth. The Re• solute will be given over to the British Government to morrow, and Captain Hartstein, with his officers and crew, will return to the United States in the American steamer Washington, from Southampton, on Wednesday. On Christmas-day the whole of the crew were regaled with an excellent dinner of roast beef and plum-puddiLg at the George Inn, at the expense of the British Go vernment. The Trident, 6, steam vessel, Com. Close, arrived at Spithead yesterday morning from Woolwich, with super numeraries ; she is expected to sail immediately for the coast of Africa. Lieutenant Charles R. Robinson takes passage in the Trident to join the Bloodhound as lieute nant commander of that ship. The following officers have taken up their commissions, and joined the Hawke, 60 gun- , , screw steamship, Capt. James Wilcox, C. 8., &c., now being fitted at Sheerness for Coastguard service on the coast of Ireland :—Robt. Bernard, surgeon, M. 8., 21 December, 1345 ; the Rev. G. E. Carwithen, chaplain ; J. T Obree, assistant-en gineer ; J. Whalebone, carpenter, first class ; R. Moul ton, boatswain, first class ; W. Andrews, gunner, first class ; First Lieutenant J. R. Lloyd, 8.M., Light In fantry. The Hermes, 6 guns, paddlewheel steam sloop, Com mander Wm. E. A. Gordon, at Sheerness on Saturday took up temporary moorings off the yard for the purpose of having her compasses adjusted, after which she is to proceed on a trial trip previous to taking her departure for the Cape of Go , ,d Elope. Captain C. R. M. Calcott, commanding the depot of the 26th Cameronians at Chatham Garrison, has been ordered to emoark forth with for Bermuda, for the per pose of joining the service companies of his regiment at that station. The battalions of the Rife Brigade having received permission for the man belonging to that corps to volunteer into any of the regiments of the line which are below their proper establishment, 25 men have volunteered for the 26th Cameronians and the 35th Royal Sussex Regiment at Chatham Garrison. The Renown, 91, screw steamer, building at Chatham dockyard, has a large number of shipwrights and caulkers employed on her in order to have her completed. This is the largest vessel ever constructed at Chatham, her burden being 3,317 tons. The progress of the works on board the old line-of battle ship Caledonia, intended to replace the Seamen's Hospital, Dreadnought, having been considered sufficiently forward to admit of her being hauled out of dock, preparations for that purpose were on Saturday made at Woolwich, and a number of per sons assembled in hopes of witnessing the launch, although it was known to be very doubtful of success on that day by reason of the lowness of the tide. As the rising of the river gradually filled the dock, the vessel, resting on the blocks, was at one time observed to give indications of being afloat. The 18 feet water mark be came immersed, and, considering that to be about the mea-nrement of her draught of water, expectations of success for a short period ran high. Mr. Mugford, the officer in charge of the undertaking, however, perceived fr un the poop of the Caledonia that the ebb was about to set in, and great was the disappointment of the specta tors to witness the ropes of the caisson thro NT. across the mouth of the dock, and the entrance about to be closed. The ceremony was then ordered to be deferred until to morrow, when the lanneh of the newly constructed 20- gan screw corvette Scout is also ordered to take place, and to succeed the Caledonia in dock. The new seamen's hoe pital will be moored in the river off Woolwich Dockyard, where the internal fittings will be completed. Nothing has been spared to render the vessel perfect by carrying out a number of improvements suggested, so as to remedy the inconveniences suffered on board the old vessel. The Caledonia is much more ro my than the Dreadnought. Her principal dimensions are --length of the gun-deck 205 ft ; length of the keel for tonnage, 170 ft. 9ti. ; extreme breadth, 53ft. Sin. ; depth in hold, 233. 2in. ; burden in tons, 2,616. She was built in Plymouth in 1808. The admission and free circulation of a healthful atmosphere had been studied with consi derable care, for which end a large portion of each deck amidships has been left open, and from the lower deck upwards open hatches, guarded by iron rails have been established. At the rein of the ship are likewise im proved galleries connected with the respective decks and easily accessible, adapted for the convenience of rerso• ing the patients, when necessary, into the open air. The weather-deck is fitted with a number of lantern lights, 6 feet high, and from its spacious accommodation will form an admirable promenade for invalids. The forecastle is intended to be arranged as cabins f r the petty officers of the ship and their families. Tue poop will be occu pied by the superintendent or captain solely. The maindeck is appointed to be laid out in the following manner :—The whole of the after part is to be adapted as a dint ig room and general quarters for the principal medical officer, surgeon, assistant surgeon, and chaplain. The starboard side is appointed to be separated by a gothic screen of old oak wood, and to be converted into an elegant chapel, capable of containing i 0 persons. The pulpit and seats are being constructed of some oak tim bers which it was found necessary to remove from the ship The larboard of this deck is intended to be bung with 50 or 60 hammocks for the accommodation of con valescents removed fr-ma the sick wards, while the fore part of the same deck is to serve as quartermaster's cabins, female nurses' diming room, carp.-nt-r's work ah p, dispensary, noatswain's storeroom, &c. On the aft starboard side of the middle deck, in close pr,xi.eity With an open gallery, will be a commodious room fo r su rg i ca l operat . ons. T he larh ., ard aft will contain a dispensary Time other portion of this deck will afford a 'Pece f , .t. the reception of cases of accidents a-id cabins for the horses. The lower gun deck will contain aw -eur n• quarters for fever patients, and cabins for the ho,pital attendants. A portion of the orlop deck I is to be aepr,priated as a deadhouse, to be fitted with a slate table . fir the p urpose o f examinattons. This deck will contain lavati,ries and hair cutting rooms. Two pumps will be fitted in this deck, with an engine hose, in case of fire, and Will serve also for washing decks and various other uses- There will be likewise a number of nurses' cabins. One of the ports has been enlarged four feet square, so as o admit patients in cases of emergency. The vari u- comitar!nents of the ship will be heated from this deck by boilers intended to supply pipes to be laid on each deck wan not air There are also to be added to this deck six tanks for containing a good sup ply of fresh water, and stores for housing upwards of 100 tons of coals and coke. A shield, surrounded with white fo iage, touched with gold, and emblazoned with the Royal coat of arms, and surmounted by the British lion, seven feet in length, and four feet high, stands in bold relief over the forepart of the ship's bul warks. Rear -Admiral Thwles, chairman of the committee of management of the institution, in his numerous official visits to the 'Caledonia, expressed his approl'ation on more than one occasiet! to Mr. Rice, the Government superintending shipwright, and t o hi s a sis ant, Mr. Peaks, of the i n telligence and i ngenuit y displayed in tie distribution and arrangements of tl. vessel. "e Her Majcsty's paddle.whael steam sloop aavius, Country Markets ELAM.: CORN The supply of wheat and be; oats smaller, than in last n heavy. 'A R.K.E'r —DEo 26. )ans larger, and of barley and narket. Sales were rather First _ WHEAT. BARLEY OATS. mu, 62e Od 43$ Od 35, Od Od ". .. . Js _ 1 49s Second 39s 7d i 35s 5d 1 24s 5d ) 39s 3d Third 29s Od 124 s Od 119 s Od .-,3s Od Total quantity of wheat in market, 859 qrs., 784 sold PP ~ barley 707 vs., 695 soli oats i; 400 qrs., 381 .."d PP PP beans ap 6 7 qrs., 51 sold AVERAGES PER IMPERIAL QUARTER. Wheat, 1/. 19 Y 11-12ths I Barley, ...1/. 15 0 10.12 tbs Oats, ... 11. 4 5 o.l2ths I Beans, .....1& 19 3 9.l2tbs DALSEITH GRAIN MARKET—DE°. 26 Wheat, top up is 01, average down 3s lid ; oats, top up 69 OJ, average up 19 61d ; barley, top down 3s Od, average down 2s Od. Sales dull. Qrs. Best. Current. Inferii,r 437 Wheat 65s Od 3 7s Oid 27s Od_ , 1104 Oats 34s 0,1 752 Barley 4 Peas & beans 39s Od —a 0 d - Od ABERDEEN-DEC. 26. Potato oats 21s Od to 22s Od 1401bs per bushel Common oats 19s 0(1 to 21s Od Bere 30s Od to 36s Od 1 531131 Barley 30s Od to 36s Od Wheat, red (spring)3os Od to 40s Od , white .. 3os Od to 50s Od 1 621bs „ Oatmeal ' l6s 6d to 17s 6cl per boll. Flour 52s Od to 53s Od per sack. PROVISION MARKET. Beef, per lb 6d to 8d lutton, per lb 7d to 9d I Lamb, do., Os Od to Or. 0 1 Veal, per lb ... Od to Os Od Pork, per 5t...5s Od to 5s 6d Salmon, per lb . ..... Os to Os Grouse, per brace Os to Os Tallow, p stone, 008 to 12s 6i Rabbits, each... Butter for exportation (presen Eggs, wholesale price, per do; I Butter, p lb. is Od to Os 0 Eggs, p doz. is Od to 19 6 1 I Hens, p pair 33 Od to 3s 61 Chickens,do. 2s Od to 2e. 61 Ducks, do., 2s 0(1 tu2s 61 Dacklings,do3s Od to 3t 3 Turkeys, each 4s Od to 54 0 1 Potatoes, pr peck, ...6d to 7 , 1 9d to —d. nt cure) per cwt.9ss 0(1 to 00s zen PRIORS. Barley flour,l4lb Os to 2s OA „ dust, Os to is 0(i ~ per lb 2d to 20 Sids, Sd 24b. 10af...4d. tone, 4s. Od. to 4,6 d RETAIL Flour,l4lb 0s Od to 2s 10d Oatmeal Os Od to is 9d Beremeal —Ms Od to 2s Od Peasemeal... Os Od to 2s 8d 4-Ib. 10af...8d. Cheese, per imperial st LOCAL SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, DEC. 27. ',TOOK EXOHANGE.—The market was steady to-day; but quotations were limited. Caledonian, 31i a—Eastern Counties, 91—East Lancashire, 23—Lancashire and York shire, 974—London and North Western, 105 i —Manchester , Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, 34i—lifidland,82a I—North Eastern Berwick, 23k—South Eastern, 22k—St. lielen't Guaranteed 6 per Cent. Stock C, 120. MANCHESTER. DEC. 27. STOOK EXOHANGE. —There was a good market, closing at rather higher rates. Eastern Counties, 9 5-16 - Ears * Lancashire, 23—Lancashire and Yorkshire, 97t —Ma ll. chester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire, 34i—Midland, North-Eabtain Berwick 21—Doers, 22A. BIRMINGHAM, DEo 27 ,3Tocut EXORANGE.—The share market was steady to: day, at yeLterday's quotation. Great Western closed at 694 to 9i —Great Western Birmingham Guaranteed..l 2 Guaranteed. sellers—London and North Westerns, [O5) 10 6 4 -- lauds, 84—South Staffordshire, 9/. is. 3d. buyers. LEEDS, DEC. 27. STOCK EXCHANGE.—North-Eastern (Leeds) Fifths (41. paid, 16 p.—Midlands, 824 —North-Eastern (Leeds), 184. SEABORNE MAILS. [When the date for making up a mail falls on a flundaY. the tall' remains open until the day tollowitig ; except in the case of the lad mail, via Southampton, which, on such occasions, Is made U P °I evening previous.] Made up at the Whence' des- ! Post• Office. patched. By what! Vessel. When expected iv: ' ,IA IYe'lel' 1 1145' arr. zsa' RIP° RIP ° Lisbon... • .• Spain Gibraltar Gibraltar 1 Malta • • • • • Egypt .. • • Ceylon • • India Mauritius rviaCeylon) China Penang M Singapore Auttralia(Nla l M the Cape) Cape of Good Hope .. • • Mauritius E Ceylon India • • Lisbon.. • • Madeira CapedeVerds Brazil BuenosAyres Falkland Is lands West Indies (except Ha vana and Honduras). Venezu , la . M Grey Town New Granada Peru California 7th,l7th, & 27th of the month. 4th & 20th of the month. 4th of 1 the month. ljan. 12 ...1 Red Jaelei . - Jan. 5.. soil A na IJan. 9.... 12d and 17th of the month. ........ Honduras . ASSatt lcTan. 17 .. 100 n... Mexico .... liavina • • .. IJan. 2.•.. Madeira .. • . Tenerife W C•of Africa liritish North America United States United States British North America .. United States British North America Canada . • • • I cAn doi "au. 23 • • A i % arr ra b . 28— Every Fri. fan. 6 and alternate Tuesdays. ktlitn iii Liver pool Jan. 1 'Dec. 31 South ampton Liver pool Jan. 12 -o Anir lo. .. soil. [Au. 27 .. Jan. 7 3&—morning. E—Evening. MURDER OF A RAILWAY CONSTABLE AT M/1 311 “: " railway constable, was resumed OR Wednesday —The adjourned inquest on the body of Joseph Pear c " Castle Hotel, At --erthyr. The deceased and Elias Jenkins! on the night of the 10th inst., were at a publichouse al Merthyr, and a quarrel took place between them abo ut a game of bagatelle. en leaving the house the quarr el was renewed in the street, and Jenkins stabbed Pea rce e several times in the abdomen. The u nfortunate man lingered At the lingered till the 19th lust, when he expired. *deceased' s inquest Superintendent Wrenn produced the police. clothes, which had several cuts in the -, andp hended, constable Dunlop, by whom Jenkins wa g a P r o e { which found on him a large clasp knife,_ theat the bladethe surgeon was stained with blood. Mr. W. la • jam h e i g s death was who attended deceased, stated infliction by the several witnesses having proved their. ti Wilful Mut . - prisoner, the jury returned a verdict of committed to clearly attributable to the wounds thheathad rece.ived, and der" against Jenkins, who Was thereuponhire assize. take his trial at the ensuing G [A.DYEanamENT. Majesty's 53(1 Complaints.—Capt. Wedderburne, of her or liolloWay, that Regiment, sta.es, in a letter to Professor $ o the efficacy he has great pleasure in bearing testinsolneYng i_Helieway ll s in p o r il residence in of his pills, having tried them durin g ufferaer from liver om tropicai climates. Being a great s st relief from Iloilo plaints, he always found the great eedicine nee ever gisallfga iver way's Pills, the only efficient ml .defu sed; sal t all times therefore he should be happy a invariably had on hint. one of the good effects they have hoot the world, Establishments, throug --Sold by all medicine ye 244, Strands ' , A . l it Professor Holloway s New York ; by A London, and 80, Maiden Jane,. G dic Smyrna ; and E. Stamps, Constantinop le ; A... al Y 1 Muir, Malta. ____.--.-------.------------•••••—* —: -- BIRTHS . 07 A DAUGHTICI3. On the 24th inst., at Grant Lodge , E l g in, N. 8., Louisa, C o untess of Beafield, wife of Major Godfrey Massey, un attached. Lodge, Ripon , the wife O n the 26th inst, t., at Mowbray of J. R. Lysagh Esq. 01 A 8021. O n the 26th inst ., at 1, Belton-row, Mayfair, Mrs. Jo seph Biggs. of Barden park, Tunbridge. On the 26 th inst., at Horringer, Suffolk, the wif e of the Rev. Forster G. Simpson. M ARRIED. On the 27th inst ., at South Hackney Church , Mr- Al. f re d Edmond Stacey , of Hackney, to Elizt. , beth Marl. fred R sec ond daughter of Thomas C. Smith, Esq., oedman's row, Mile - end , a nd g rand -daughter of the late Pr. Viril- Hants, of Wantage. derson, F.C. Minister, Coßolle, Fifes , • hire to Mary Mar- On the 18th inst., at Cromarty, the !Lev. John A. An late of the Hanoverian Guards. garet Henrietta, eldest daughter of Captain A. G. Gralam , f) 1 6 D. 88. On the 27th inst., at Chelbs"rt"lll' Suffolk, after R. at n e e n s ' r ag D ed ro 7 ;lie da, long illness, Catherine nces Lady H a l i t: Blaney 0 0 n n tthhTeeo22l2trdhd e i jy a n s sß t t ... ~, faoatuthis IsE s . Townleyagedresidence, Paris, President of the in Dover-street, Dr. Royal College of Ph s' ' ns aged y icia ,/ 72. George Bedgough, Esq., aged 62. On Christmas day' at the Ridge, Wootton-tinder -Edge, s -day, at Torquay, Captain Murray Fraser G 1( ) oc n e a c t e h r r s i I: t i I r n e a , s, h.p. Royal Artillery. O re n r the 25th inst., at Rock - building s, Bognor, soDuel Fer Martin, Esq , aged 64. OD the '2sth inst., at 32, Upper Barnsbury-street, piling" ton, Mr. Thos. S. F. Husband, aged 31. On the 26th inst., at East, Bergholt, Suffolk, Rebecca, second daughter of the late Rev. Thomas Bowen, rector of Pulliam, Norfolk. On the 26th inst., at Park-road, Twickenham, Adelaide Fleetwood, the infant daughter of Francis Martin Esq. On the 27th inst., in Clarges-street, Piccadilly, Lieut. Fiancis A.myot Hallett, second EllrOpo37l Light InfantrY (Bombay), youngest son of Charles William Hallett, Esq., of Gr.-at George-street, Westminster, and Surbiton Lodge, Ki u gstou-on-Thames. _.-.............'"."...."........••••••••••••••••• LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUIO, of No. 112,• Strand, Printer, at The Sun Oaks , ' in the Precinct of the Savoy , in the oouo• I 112, Strand, of bliddleeex, Diondaw, December 29, 106. South ampton South ampton South ampton South ampton Dart mouth South ampton South arnpton South ampton South ampton Ply mouth Liver pool Alham bra IColombi IColombol Co'um blan W.S. Lindsay Taniar Nfagda - I lens gagdal lens Gambia America Atlanticl Wash ington Anglo- Saxon Dec. 26 dth and 20th of the "'loath. Jan. 4 . • Dec.— Jan. 25 On' 12 et and 16th of the riaOath. 16th Of the month. Jan. 1 Jam 6 IDec. 29