The Sun. — London, England, 1827-10-22 00:00:00

whole resolves itself into labour. If the farmer were to produce, himself, all that he requires, he would produce proportion ably less food ; and if the maker of cloth or iron were to be also farmer, lie could make less cloth or iron. The industry of a country must be viewed as a whole. The importance of the various branches is in proportion to the numbers in them ; and if the numbers employed in all the other branches of industry greatly exceed the numbers employed in the branch of raising foi6d, it is folly to say that the latter is more important, seeing that the industry distributes itself accord ing to the wants of the community, and that one branch of industry is equally important with every other, or it would not be followed. ;All this talk of relative importance is pure twaddle. The only question is in what manner the industry of a country can be employed so as to raise the greatest return of all that man desireS to have. It may happen that agr i cu l ture ma y b e the branch in which additional labour can be em ployed with most advantage ; it may happen that cloth or iron, or potteries, are the branches. In former times corn and cattle were the branches in which extension of labour was the most pro fitable, as is proved from the exportation having been chiefly of those commodities. Now it happens, on the contrary, that labour can be more profitably employed in this country in al most any other way, from other commodities being exported, and corn and tallow, hides, but ter, cheese, &c. being imported. The point is always to leave the labour of the people to em ploy itself in the way in which the greatest re turn is obtained. In this manner the greatest addition is made to the wealth of the community considered as a whole. If labour be more pro fitably employed in the soil than in cotton, men will prefer agriculture to cotton, and vice versa.. It may happen that a community, from having no land fit for cultivation, employs its industry exclusively in the manufacture of cloth and iron. Holland was an instance of anconsiderable nation deriving hardly any portion of its food from its own soil. A country maybe barren in soil, andrich in mines. VQ by should such a country not work its mines, if their produce exchange for abundance of the other commodities required by the inhabitants? They would work up the corn produced elsewhere, just as the producer of corn elsewhere would work up the iron which they produced. And here it is that the people of Great Britain say to the owners of the soil, you avail yourselves of your political monopoly to force labour to he employed in a less beneficial manner than it might be employed, namely in raising food at home at a higher cost than it can be obtained elsewhere, and thus for the sake of a supposed personal advantage, you make the amount of wealth of the community, taken as a whole, less than it would be, but for your mischievous inter ference. It is here you are the enemies of the community. Your hand is against all who la bour, and all who labour ought to know you as their enemies. As long as cultivation is forced on this country by protecting duties, and the industry of the people cannot be employed in producing that which shall exchange for more food 'than it can exchange for under your restric tions, so long are you the grand enemy against whom every one ought to direct all his efforts. " It is perfectly clear," says the Reviewer, " that the extent to which the manufactures of any country can be pushed, except by rendering the population habitually dependent for food upon the produce of a foreign soil, must correspond with the amount of the surplus produce which remains beyond the food required for the suste 'lance of the men and the animals, actually en gaged in the cultivation of the land. It is this surplus, remaining after the consumption tsflhe men and animals actually engaged in the labours of agriculture has been provided for, which forms the basis of trade and manufactures ; without this surplus they could not even exist; anti in pro portion to the increase or diminution of this sur plus, will manufactures and commerce flourish or decay.' Ah ! this dependence on foreign na tions for a supply of food ! There must be no food imported, but all must be raised at home ; and then, of course, the food remaining after the supply of the agriculturist himself, will deter mine the amount of manufactures and trade. But why not let industry be employed in the produ cing of that which will exchange for food, so long as food can be obtained in abundance abroad?— Morning Chronicle. Whether the delay which has occurred in the appointment of a Lord Chancellor for Ireland is to be ascribed to the difficulty of finding a person duly qualified for that important office, or to the conflicting opinions of different Members of the King's Government as to who is the best quali fied person, we are at a loss to decide. It ap pears evident however that the presentPovern ment, from some cause or other, finds '.'iv incon siderable difficulty in adjusting its list of legal functionaries. We feel great confidence that no other than a man of sound constitutional prin ciples will be appointed to the Irish Chancery ; and this confidence rests in no degree upon Ministers ; it rests upon an influence and an authority greatly superior to their's. But we have not the same confidence in respect to the manner in which any other vacancy to be created by that appointment may be supplied. Nothing but a frequent compromise of principle, or rather a continual principle of compromise, can keep together the conflicting mate rials of which the Administration is com posed. The Whigs, tenacious as they are of place, will certainly have the spirit to require that some appearance shall be held out to the world of their having a voice in directing the exercise of the legal patronage of the Crown. How this appearance maybe creat ed with the least degree of permanent mischief, is a question well worth the attention of the country, and particularly of those Tory Members of the Administration who begin to feel that they now occupy a position which cannot be lasting, and who are accordingly anxious to escape from it with the least possible detriment to their own characters, and the least intermediate injury to the State. We sincerely hope that such ar rangements may be devised as will keep the Bench free from the contamination of Whiggery, and limit the scope of Whig ambition to offices held only during pleasure. With tltese feelings we ardently hope there is no truth in the report that has prevailed for some time of the intention of Lord Tenterden to retire from the high judi , eial station which he now fills so much to the advantage and satisfaction of the country. His Lordship's retirement at the present moment would be an event pregnant with danger and calamity.—Morning Post. On Saturday last a proceeding took place in the court of King's not merely Mr. Bench, which ought to fill, Hartshorn, who was released by it from a situation as bon ible as it was utterly unmerited, but all :men who have cbgacters to lose, or feeliugs of honour and virtue to be wounded, with thankfulness that there exists a power even in this world by which a name inhu manly vilified may be at once redeemed, and an innocent person restored ,to his friends and to society. Had this gentleman, the prosecutor on the occasion alluded to, not been a man of un shaken resolution, as well as of just confidence in liis own purity of conduct, he must have sunk for ever under the effects of the dreadful libel which was aimed at his moral existence, and the libeller might have been encouraged by the im punity of his crime to commit a new series of outrages on his fellow-creatures, and immolate a fresh martyr every week. The prosecutor's own spirit, and the trial by jury, have,-by vindicating his honest fame, fortified the securities of indivi dual innocence, and nerved the arm of publie justice, which, we trust, will fall with exemplary weikht on the person who has been convicted of the cruellest of all imaginable . offences that can be committed against a human being. —Times. The Society for the Mitigation and gradual Abolition of Slavery throughout the British Do minions have published another pamphlet, enti tled The Further Progress of Colonial Reform, professing to be an analysis of the King's coinmu nication to Parliament on the above subject, towards the close of the last Session, but de signed, no doubt, to be in reality a new stimulus to the energy of the Government, and an addi tional reproach to what was tersned by Mr. Can ning the " contumacy" of the Colonial Assem blies. There are two orders of Englishmen in the West Indies, by whom the business of se-_ veial slave estates is administered, and from whose respective positions and characters the re lation between white man and black must be un derstood to receive its colour. The first class consists of proprietors both of the soil and of the slaves ; the second class, of managers, placed upon the estates of absentee owners, to keep the negro to his work. It seems obvious, after such a statement, to add, that illustrations of whatever is good or tolerable in the system of negro slavery may best be looked for in the conduct of the planter, who takes a necessary interest in his own negroes, and feels a natural sympathy with their wants and comforts ; while the materials of commiseration and censure in the public mind are in all probability most profusely furnished by the treatment to which the poor slave is exposed at the hands of a hired manager, bent only on establishing a credit with his employer, by send ing to market the utmost produce that can be extracted from the surface of the land and from the negro's toil. Exceptions, of course, will be found to the truth of these conjectures. There are planters who may be unfeeling, and managers kind ; but of general causes the consequences are general, and it appears, from such judgment as can be formed here of a system which is re presented under such contradictory aspects, that the colonists depend on evidence drawn from one source of observation, and the abolitionists on that which flows directly from another. This, how ever,. cannot with ;any fairness be denied. The state of the law is such as permits extensive powers to be perverted with impunity, by unmerciful dispositions, to barbarous ends; and where the slave experiences no protection from the humanity of his white master, whether prin cipal or agent, he can hope for but inadequate security or redress from the provisions of law or usage. This is not a condition of things which ought to be tolerated by any civilized nation. No laws, whether remedial, or preventive of in- jury, would ever be enacted at ;11, if the legis lator did not fix his attention rather on the few cases of possible injustice, than on the many where there exists no fear of it. Generous or honest men are not restrained by penalties, which their principles, if no law existed, would never permit them to deserve ; and, on the other hand, they ought not to feel it an imputation by the mother country upon themselves or their motives, if laws which must in the nature of things be of universal application, are established to prevent those abuses of which bad men only would be capable. The obstinacy of the Colonial assem blies is complained of by the " Society" as hav ing arrived at that point where, according to the promises of the King's Government, it stands pledged to propose a direct interference of the Imperial Parliament in the task of introducing into the islands a more perfect system of protec tion for the slaves. We may, perhaps, ourselves be of opinion that the subject had better be in— trusted to his Majesty's Ministers, but undoubt edly the active and even vehement proceedings of the body of abolitionists in this country have already tended to effect some good. They have forced the whole colonial system more immedi ately and completely on the attention of Go vernment, and have been instrumental in bringing about many useful though partial and imperfect regulations in the practice of the colonists them selves towards their negroes. The following is a statement from the abovementioned pamphlet, of the manner in which the recommendations of the British Government have been received by the Colonial Assembly of Barbadoes, in which that legislative body has conformed, by its acts, to the spirit which influences the two Houses of Parliament, and the breasts of his Majesty's ad visers. The same feeling has prevailed in .Ta maica, but want of room obliges us to reserve the article which relates to that colony : " III••-•••BA RBA DOES. " In the same pamphlet, The Slave Colonies of Great Britain, (p. 11-20) is given, also in consi derable detail, the provisions of the Consolidated Slave Law of Barbadoes, passed in March, 1825. The law itself, of which the Barbadians boasted as an effort of liberal and humane legislation, which, in the night fall of their existence,' will endear to posterity the remembrance of those who have given life to that splendid code, was nevertheless, as Mr. Brougham well characterized it in the House of Commons, little better than a mass of the most re volting enormities, Lord Bathurst appears to have entertained a similar opinion of it. His Lordship regrets to say, that he finds in it none of thc re commended reforms,' while it contains some provi sions which• oblige him to submit it to the Legisla ture for revision.* By way of aiding them in that revision, he transmits a copy of his circular com munication and of the eight bills accompanying it. These bills, however, were not submitted to the Barbadoes legislature by the Governor, Sir Henry Ward, who, apparently under some unaccountable feeling of alarm, withheld them, lest he should give offence to the Assembly. The Assembly, however, were evidently fully apprised of their tenour, and with that knowledge, a new consolidated slave law was passed by them in October, 1826, embracing all the reforms they thought it right to adopt. To this act the Governor has affixed his signature. " The first thing to be remarked in this new code is the omission of two clauses in that of 18'25, which seemed to favour the slave. The Assembly probably thought that the concessions extracted from them by the alarm of the moment were too large, and that it became necessary, therefore, to re tract them. Those clauses are the 4th and the 64th ; the first securing a right of appeal to the Governor for a writ of error in the case of capital convictions of slaves; the second providing that capital execu tions shall be solemn, and by hanging only. These " Papers presented by his Majesty a command, 1827, Part 1., p. 197," provisions, salutary as far as they went, are repealed by the present act. The various horrors, therefore, which Mr. Dwarris so forcibly describes as attending the conviction and execution of slaves in Barba does may, therefore, it is to be feared, be again in operation. " There is only one omission in favour of the slave. It is the 47th clause, which inflicted the punishment of death on slaves who should hear other slaves speak any words tending to mutiny or rebellion without revealing them. There are also various slight modifications of particular clauses, which go to render them less ,revolting than they were before. " The only additions which are of much import• once are the following " I. The Governor, the senior Member of Coun cil, the Speaker of the Assembly, the Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and the Attorney-General, are appointed a committee of protection for slaves, ' for the full and effectual securing to slaves the rights and privileges afforded to them by this act,' (an act which in fact affords them scarcely any right or pri vilege :) and this committee are empowered to ap point a secretary, cognizant of law, with a salary of 4001. currency a-year, or 2601. sterling, who is to be the legal adviser and advocate of slaves, and to assist with his legal advice, without fee or reward, all slaves accused of any heinous offences or felonies, or claiming to be free, or complaining of cruelty or injustice ; and who is also to prosecute for the maim or murder of a slave. And this acting protector of slaves,' whose functions are limited to these points, is to report from time to time his proceed ings to the committee of protection. " This provision cannot be considered as in any measure a substitute for the regulations of the Tri nidad Order in Council respecting a protector. It is little more than a substitution, in a more conve- nient form, for the third clause of the act of .1825, which allowed to slaves the aid of a solicitor at the public expence. But then no means are provided for enforcing the due performance of the duties of this officer; nor is any penalty attached to his neg lect of them. We may therefore assume how ina dequately they will be performed, for a population of 80,000 slaves, by a legal practitioner, probably in high practice, whose only remuneration amounts to 400/. currency a-year. " 2. It is enacted, that the evidence of slaves shall be admitted in all cases of civil action for trespass or assault; and in all cases of misdemeanor, felony, murder, or any other offence, except forgery, provided they shall produce a certificate of baptism from the resident clergyman of the parish, and also a clergy man's certificate of competent religious knowledge : and provided, too, in every case, the owner of the slaves, or any other persons, may be summoned and examined as to their character; and, provided, fur ther, that no while or free person shall be convicted on the testimony of slaves unsupported by other evi dence. The testimony of slaves may, however, be. taken against any person of free condition, who shall be proved to have associated with them in cock fighting, gambling, getting drunk, or in any crime. "3. Owners of diseased slaves suffering them to go at large, to infest the highways, , are to forfeit 101. for each offence. - " 4. Owners depriving slaves of personal pro perty, honestly acquired, shall forfeit. double the value ; but they may (not impound but) destroy any hogs, sheep, goats, or poultry, belonging to slaves trespassing on the plantations. " h. By the former law, all runaways not elaimed were to be sold for slaves at the end of a year. By this, if a person committed as a runaway claims to be free, the marshal is to advertise for proof, and if at the end of three months none is produced, the Governor and Council shall examine the matter; and unless it is proved that the person claiming to be free iv bona fade a slave, he shall be set at liberty as free; but if not a native of the island, he may forthwith be deported. This is doubtless an improve ment. _ " 6. A tread-mill is to be erected, and to be used in certain cases as a commutation for other modes of punishment. " 7. In cases of cruelty, to which only 25/. cur rency had been attached as a penalty, it is now made not less than 2.5/. 3 nor more than 100/. cur- rency. " 8. The only remaining changes consist in a few new penal inflictions on the slave. He is to be flogged, if he conceals a slave guilty of any offence, or sends him off the island; or if he tempts a slave to leave his master's service. It is also provided, that if a slave, possessed of personal property, shall be convicted of a theft, his property may be taken to defray the expences of prosecution, and to indem nify the party injured. " Besides this principal Act, there is a supple mental one passed on the same day, entitled An Act for encouraging the baptisms and marriages of slaves, and for the due observance of the Lord's Day,' and which enacts, though without any sanc tions or penalties, that owners' (borrowing the ineffective language of the legislature of Jamaica for 130 successive years) shall, as much as in them lies, endeavour to instruct their slaves in the prin ciples of the Christian religion,' and shall cause to be baptized, by the clergyman of the established church, all slaves hereafter to be born, and all, al ready born, who shall be made sensible of the duties of the Christian faith ;' and permitting any clergyman of the established church' to solemnize the marriage of any slaves, being the property of the same owner,' producing the consent, in writ ing, of the owner,'—it being provided that such marriage shall confer on slaves no rights inconsistent with the rights of their owners. Of such baptisms and marriages so solemnized, a register is to be kept. By the same Act, all Sunday markets are declared unlawful, on pain of forfeiture of the goods exposed to sale, and of a fine of 5/: to free persons, and of a whipping to slaves. Every recognition of the sa credness of the Sabbath is to be hailed with satis faction ; and yet, while no other day is appointed, or given to the slave, for marketing, the measure obviously becomes one of severity and oppression to the slave, who is to. be flogged if he comes to market on a Sunday, and who has, nevertheless, no other time allowed him for that put-pose.* Inducing or compelling Sunday labour is also forbidden, with certain exceptions. " A bill for abolishing the tax on manumission, and for giving to persons who have been heretofore manumitted without paying that tax, the right, of which they had been debarred by an a ct p asse d i n 1817, of giving testimony in Courts of Justice, has not passed into a law, the Governor having refused his sanction on account of some informality.t " With these various modifications, the slave law of Barbadoes remains in nearly the same state in which it was left by the act of 1825; and if any one wishes to see what are the severities of that act, he has only to turn to the publication already referred to, The Slave Colonies of Great Britain, p. 11 to 19. 6 "rhe Assembly have attempted to vindicate their conduct in having thus ! lisappointed the wishes of His Majesty's Government, and of the nation.T " 1. ' The safety of the inhabitants, the interest of their property, and the we lfare of the s laves them se l ve ss have prevented recommendations h their prohibit r yiel i the g ' to Earl Bat h punish ment of women by flogging, and the use of the whip in the field. To forbid, by legislative enactments, the flogging of female slaves, would, in the judg ment of the Assembly be productive of the mpst injurious consequences ;' especially in the case of owners possessed of only one or two female slaves, domestics. "2. Considerations no less powerful prevailed Sir Henry Warde seems almost to think (p. 204) that it is some reparation for this act of injustice that Dr. Maycock had made a speech at a public meeting, in which he expressed a hope that time would be given to•the slave in lieu of Sunday, by the considerate humanity of the mas ters. And yet, in expressing that hope, Dr. Maycock ad mits that bad it been required to give other time in lieu of Sunday, as a condition for abolishing the Sunday market, it would have still continued to disgrace the island." Papers presented by command, 1827.—Part f., p. 204." t Papers presented by command, p. respecting the disuse of the whip in the field.' The power of summary punishment by flogging, the Assembly considers to be inseparable from a state of slavery. " 3. The recording of punishment by whipping, limited to a given number of stripes, they think un advisable ; because, in the hands of a relentless executioner, a small number of stripes might be so inflicted as to amount to cruelty ; and the ends of humanity are best consulted by leaving it to the jus tices to decide whethera punishment, whatever be its mode or quantity, be cruel§ " 4. ' Compulsory manumission is such a direct invasion of the right of property,' that the Assembly felt they could not, without violating the sacred trust reposed in them, contemplate a measure abso lutely destructive of that right, by investing slaves with the power, at their own will, and against the will of their owners, of purchasing their freedom. II " 5. The Assembly, though they have not esta blished Savings' Banks, yet have, ' in the spirit of true sincerity, provided for slaves the full security and enjoyment of their property.l " 6. They excuse their not taking any new mea sures to prevent the separation of families by judi cial sale, by alleging that a law to that effect was passed in 1688. The law, however, has been ab solutely a dead letter,---witness, among many facts of recent occurrence, the transaction inserted in the margin, and taken from the Parliamentary papers of 182 G, No. 353." " 7, They also claim credit. for the miserable and inefficient substitution of their acting protector,' for the system of protection proposed by Lord Bathurst. "8. And they boast - of their provisions respecting the testimony of slaves (see above) as going beyond those of his Lordship. " The Speaker of the Assembly concludes his la bours with lauding the honest and conscientious feeling' of its members, which had led them to go the utmost lengths that prudence would . allow, in giving effect to the wishes of his Majesty's Minis ters, to whom they now look with confidence, that the time thy) , so anxiously passed in maturing the measure, will, through their advice, receive the high reward which his Majesty's most gracious confirma tion of the bill would confer.' P. 27'k " And yet the very next proceeding of this As sembly is to reject a bill sent to them from the Council for abolishing the whip in the field, and the flogging of females ; and for conferring on slaves a right of property."—lbid. At the late meeting of the Maltsters with the First Lord of the Treasury, his Lordship is re presented to have asked, with great apparent jus tice, why they did not make their objections while the Bill was in its progress through the House ; to which the trade is stated to have re the poor is the greatest ; except, after they hail educated them, 'they could give them employ ment suitable to the new expectations they are sure to have in consequence of their:education. While this is going on, the King is compelled to call to his assistance, towards the building of his Palace, and the digging of his ponds and gar dens, the uneducated Roman Catholics, the _ _ English people being so raised beyond ladder and digging-work, in consequence, we believe, of education, that sooner than scramble up and down ladders as the Irishmen do, they would rather go to the poor-house ; or, as the poor in Sussex say, " Go home."--/bid. MEETINGS OF CREDITORS. COUNTRY DIARY.—.WEDNERDAY, OcT. 24. Abbot, -i.:Leaxnington Priors—Royal hotel, Leamington Priors Anthony, C. and J. Devonport—Royal hotel, Devonport l2 Burge, J. and IL, St. Philip and Jacob—Rummer tavern, 1 . _ 131 : isiol Gee, J., Nottingham—Punch-bowl, Nottingham Harper, T., Ystractgunlais—Public rooms, Swansea ll Levett, J., Rowley Regis—Royal hotel, Birmingham l2 Rogers, S., Bristol—White Lion, Bristol 2 INSOLVENTS APPLYINI COUNTRY.----At the Courl G TO BE DISCHARGED, t.houso, at Derby, October 27, at Ten -. ...... o'clock. Briggs, J., Derby Malkin, J., Sutton Clark, R., Derby Staley, W., Elton Hallam, J., Froggatt.cdge Whitaker, T., Aahbourne Keeling, S., Derby Wyld, G., Heanor COUNTRY CORN MARKETS DURING LAST WEEK. Oats, II ea s • .It is supposed that, exclusiVe a 1 the Re . Forests, there are in Great Britain and Ireland, pro"' more.than eighty millions of acres, of which, pethe part is yet brought to the highest state of Cultivatio e, 4 te , that certainly not less than twenty millions are still If, therefore, a comparatively very small part of the ladoe the kingdom is thought essential to be appropriated t ° purpose of securing the continuance of - our 'naval streiTie and pride, it would surely be a very short-sighted ro, which should suggest to this maritime country the esAoct• :el - icy of trusting to a 'commerce for the supply of Or " th e yards with timber ; when, without any real risk ° e s' subsistence of the country, and by a sacrifice cer a j tl lively small, we can avoid for ever putting to hisa l "111 supply of an article, on which, confessedly, our atr ell ; 9 our glory, our independence, .even our existenc e * nation, must now and at all times depend.—Lor ii vae villa's Letter to Mr. Percival, on the subject. o f Timber, published in July, 1810. The Countess of Morton has presented to t f op° Royal Society a variety of models, formerly• the P r is' of Smeaton the engineer, together with several i f f o tbc; and plans of the celebrated Eddystone. Among "'i lee curiosities accompanying this do nation , is the alss- 1;ti!, which was taken from the stomach of the poor 10 % 0 0 swallowed it in a fluid sta t e , during the conflagraload the wooden structure which preceded Smaaton'e fa'• light-house. This man lived for some time , but ,11 t te consequence of the accident in Exeter Infirmary, whelid, production . of the lead convinced his medical Wti ee .too that his story was correct , of which they were ll sceptical.— Caledonian Mercury. MYSTERIOUS DISAPPEARANC E d rEary.—.Died, on Thursday fortnighe,'Plr: Needham' Rothley, at the age of 72. He was 'Monday, was insensible by Tuesday s corning, a nd L e t a ken ill sudden: l ) o 4 his existence on the following possessed of money in his lifetime is certain, for wile., le Thursday That h n or commotion tcok place among the banks, he ex posed i , : o r the purpose of discovering whether the notes were 0 i tial, and since that time he has been gradually silt them into gold. Prior to his death he made a will,,VoJ porting that his cows a nd other stock were to be se eo se the proceeds added to his money; an d th a t Mrs. PI 1 1 was to have the interest of the same till laer.deathi ,lt time it was to be . divided among his five children' , 0 0 Needham had given his ch ildren to u nders t and there ‘,l he about 100/. each for them; but lo! when hie d r , and cupboards were opened, in the p resence of resi ft" persons belonging to the village , nothin g was folio o le ffi ir c a ially connected with the b L I: 41: few halfpence !—Nottinihcon Review, The resurrection-men, who last w inter oi p p the )eea or church-yards, h aa - it y ehr a it r s d ;t e 0 , awiai town; N ;as o th t i t e the posed, that if they are too well watched, to be able t °• e o pri will their purposes in the town, they will turn their attee'',loole polledahg ue grounds, saydodonesti graves well to o n the country villages, these also should be strictly of lf after; and we have au th or ity to 'state, that th e t c ° Magistrates will lend any assistance in their powe r ' o f purpose of detecting the violators of the sanctuary grave. —Nottingham Review. f THE MA nAs.--Relative to another rwohffiillaenisi he remained rushedainela at n in to as t s h l e n county of Tipperary, an extraordinary circumstane'apY Mara family, one of whom has been murdered icti' lated. Having been for safety obliged to take ups o t ,0 a few days ago near Borrisokane, his horse's t0,Et.:,,,,1. e t h h a e re cibtle6lll; ri t m ht 3: se i l t f h: o ase i n ) d l4, and implored that his life oligl'" prevented only by the Priest th, cut by an armed party of five villains in the c hape l 2, r vil gred. What al:, be s pare d . say, but it secv, of credit'is due to this story wqVatrick Grace's"c oil' be understood that on the clay ° & bands who disgract; it was determined by the bloc • me mber of Alara's family 6L i Pei pICC t y county, that not o ne , ck Petri s Day—Carlo w Morn- `j exist on the ensuing -••—•"--. plied, that they scarcely so much as heard of the Bill, till it had passed both Houses, and was on the eve of coming into operation. Lord Gode rich, we believe, was Colonial Secretary at the time this precious piece of legislation had birth, and poor Mr. Canning, we dare say, knew and heard no more of the matter than the man in the ,moon. Mr. Herries probably took what is called the conduct of the Bill, but relying, as is the fashion, upon the head of the law depart ment, from which it issued, who probably be stowed no great share of attention upon the de tails, and the concocter having cried " all's right" to the coachman, off went the Bill through each Parliamentary step, till, at the end of the hourney, the conveyancers discover that they ave been forwarding a mere dead body, fit only for dissection. This one Act alone, we believe, comprises not less than 100 folio pages, and, with the other laws regulating this trade, forms a volume not much less in size than a good family Bible. Yet this one trade, in particular, is carried on exclusively by coun try people, who, to their honour be it spoken, are least of all qualified to cope with, or under stand the complex and involved chicanery and special pleading with which it seems to he the business of the minor law officers of the Crown to envelope the details of each department. Ob scurity, of course, brings grist to the mill ; and so that the law mill be but kept constantly at work, it matters little how far the Revenue or individual may suffer by these wordy and unin telligible details. Lord Goderich must pardon us, if we say, that when he asked the maltsters this question, he must, or ought to have been, aware of the answer which they would naturally § Surely the tender mercies of these legislators are cruel. " See, in reply to the whole of this argument, the Reporter, No. 27, passim." • " ¶ There is no such provision in the Act. The Council framed a clause to that effect, but it was rejected by the Assembly. " On the 7th of August, 1823, nineteen individuals became escheats of the Crown ; and in 11 days from that time—namely, on the 18th of August, 1823, they were all sold by public auction, with the exception of two, who effected their escape, and the net proceeds of their sale were paid to the Treasury of Great Britain. The transaction, had enough in itself, is in no small degree aggravated when we consider all the circumstances of it, and especially the cruel separation of families which was sanctioned by the agents of the Crown. The following are the particulars of this opprobrious sale, as they are given under the official signature signature of ' Lionel Parke, Receiver-General of his Ma jesty's Casual Revenue' : " 1. Quow, aged 55, father of Caesar, sold to Thomas Louis for 451. " 2. Caesar, aged 27, son of Quow, to Samuel Henery for 901. " 3. Orange, aged 67, mother of October, to B. T. Young for Si. " 4. October, aged 44, son of Orange, to C. Crouch for 461. "5. Abel, aged 49, husband of Lubbab, and father a Thomas, Kitty, and Becky, sold to Henry Tudor for 32/. 10s. "6. Lubbah, aged 40, wife of Abel, and mother of his children, sold 'also to Henry Tudor for 381. She appears to have been put up separately, and Mr. Tudor appears to have bid high in order to obtain her. " 7. Thomas, aged 16, son of Abel and Lubbah, sold to H. Mozely for 51/. " 8. Kitty, aged 13, daughter of Abel and Lubbab, to Joshua Levi for 46/. 10s. " 9. Becky, aged 6, daughter of Abel and Lubbah, to Mr. Alsup for 28/. " Again, Deborah, sultey, Betsey, Polly, and Thomas, are brother and sisters. Sukey has one child, Betsey three, and Polly one. They are thus disposed of " 10. Deborah, aged 28, is sold to W. Straker for 15 " 1.1. Sukey, aged 26, mother of James William " 12. James William, aged son of Sukey " 13- Betsey, aged 34, mother of Caroline, Grace, and Me (torah 14. Caroline, aged 4, daughter of Betsey " 15. Grace, aged 24, daughter of Betsey " 16. Medorab, aged 9, daughter of Betsey, is sold to William Austin for 511. 108. " 17. Thomas, aged 15, brother of Deborah, Sukey, &c. is sold to John Straker for 521. 10s. The fate of the remaining two is the only part of the detail which is at all satisfactory. " 18. Polly, aged 39, mother of Richard absconded and can " 19. Richard, aged 11, son of not be found. Polly 41 The price at which these persons were sold is stated iu Barbadoes currency, and amounts to 6021., or about 4011. sterling. How much of this money, after passing through the hands of eacheators, receivers, marshals, counsel, attor neys, came into the Royal Treasury ) f Great Britain, we should be curious to know, It is the price of blood, and we trust will not rest there without inquisition. What is it but a slave trade, more disgraceful thaa even that of Africa, by which the King of Great Britain has been made to enrich himself by the sale into perpetual slavery of 17 o. his liege subjects, whose dearest ties have been burst wander by the process ?" are sold in one lot to T. Howell for 511. are sold in one lot, to James Lealted, for 50/. give. No man, now-a-days, knows what the law is. His Lordship, on this occasion, natu rally referred to the lawyer, and the lawyer said he would refer to the Exciseman. The truth I and the evil, however, both lie in the disposition and the practice which have grown up of mysti fying every thing. On this one point of the Malt Tax there is no question but that the duty I might be fixed in the simplest way imaginable ; I and that it is not so, can only be accounted for ' by the habit and the love of mystery which keeps alive a whole legion of Excise-officers, super visors, and law officers, with informations, suits, Sze. Without number. Lord Goderich, we arc convinced, is a man of high personal character, and of the most impeachable integrity. ; but he will find, if he has not already, that a too con fiding nature, though very convenient to its possessor, is not advantageous to the public service. He knows full well what sort of in terest it is which too often places men at the head of revenue, as well as other depart ments. He does not know, perhaps, that, be sides being ignorant of what they preside over, they bestow very little pains, and still less time, to understand their business. What the French call projects of laws, and what we call hills, there fore, come from their respective departments— not in the perfect state they ought to de, but in a crude, impracticable form, which, being taken upon trust, afterwards involves'the Legislature in disgrace, and those who fill the higher stations in the Government in dilemma extremely disagree able, to say the least of them. Let Lord Gode rich, or any man who wishes to be a popular Minister in this country, take care to be well served ; and, that his own mind may not be un necessarily harassed with complexity and obscu rity, let him insist upon common sense being used, where the want of it only empties the Exchequer to fill the pockets of the lawyers. We mean to cast no particular slur in what we have thus said upon this particular department, or upon any one engaged in it. Ott the con trary, perhaps, it is an excess of zeal, an over doing of their duty in one sense, which may have led to the present discussions relative to the making trade. But a zeal without knowledge is of very little value ; and surely it behoves the Legislature, before it passes laws as it were by wholesale, either to understand the matter them selves,or at least have some security that they emanate from those who do.—Morning Herald. Of all the folly that the Church or the rich ever entered into, that of universally educating Wheat. I Barley. S. to S. 56 64 56 66 41 62 s. to S. 32 36 30 35 31 33 48 64 40 62 s. d. s d. 60 66 69 79 80 86 60 80 86 90 64 66 60 72 32 36 26 29 s.d. s.d. •39 40 42 48 53 59 40 46 60 00 39 40 39 4 8 0 100 00 00 El 3 90 Per Quarter. Carlisle Hexhain Morpeth Penrith Sheffield Winchester Per Bushel. Carmarthen Coventry -----.... Newcastle (Stall.) Northallerton Stafford Swansea --- Warwick Per Doll. Ilarnardeastle Darlington --.. Durham. Wolsingham t:?.. The size of s. to 8. 21 25 24 28 20 28 23 33 S. ct. s. d. 1 6 23, 40 50 39 46 40 46 50 56 20 29 36 50 60 90 56 80 76 80 69 7 6 9 0 10 0 s. to s. 52 56 50 52 42 st) 56. 64 47 a. d. s. d. 00 00 73 80 90 96 76 80 10 0 10 6 00 00 60 84 -0 14 6 10 0 13 0 100 126 0 0 0 0 ;hout the country. 12 0 17 0 111 0 160 110 140 ,11 6 14 6 the measure varies thi SCOTCH MARKETS. HADDINGTON CORN MARKET.—Oct. 19, A full supply of Barley, 99 quarters sold ; top Is. up., average nearly the same as last market. Of Oats 170 quarters were in market, and 152 sold ;• prices on the decline, average about is. 6d. down. A very dull Wheat market, prices down considerably, average 2s. 4d. under that of last day. Wheat. Barley. Oats. Pease. Beans. First 66s Od 34s Od 28s Od 34s Isl 48s Od Second b.'is Od 30s Od 24s Od ~ —s 0,1 40s Od Third There were 375 qrs. of Wheat in market, 321 whereof were sold. 22 ...at 66s. 081. 14 ...at 558. Od 24 ...at 4 , 4, . ( C ) 4l 44 33 15 21 59 0 17 $ 3 11 26 Unsold.-28 Grey, 2/. 158 Average., 4.l2ths, DALKEI The supply of large, and in gen acadily at the folloi ITH COW Grain ai aeral dam] (wing price MARKS this day and infer t's market rior, but E was not Rd rather Wheat. Bailey. Oats. First Od 32s (Id 28s Od Second 6os Od 23s Od 24s Od Third..." 50s Od 25s Od 20s Od Pease. 50s Od 45s Od 40s Od Beans. 50s Od 45s Od 40s Od CORNWALL MARKETS, Taußo.—Wheat(average) 21s.—Barley, los:6d. llEtsvox—Wheat, 20s. td.—Barley, 10s, od . ST. AUSTELL—Wheat, VS. to 23s._Barley, 10s. to Ils. —Oats , Ss. to As. Boomm—Wheat (average) 225. Od , —.Barley, 10s.—Oats, Ps. 01 . L AUNC ESTON—Wheat (average) 21s. Od.—Barley,los. tid .— Oats, Ss. Od.—Beef, 50.—Mutton, 51d. —Oats, 9s. tid. L I s KEE ,ELD—Wheat, 21s. to 29 '• n, , ' ,l, —Barley, 10s. 6d.—Oats, 9s. to Os. 6d. ST. Cow:dß—Wheat, 20s. to 21 s.—Barley, 9s. to 12s.—Beef, and Mutton, 51d. to 6131.—Veal and Lanib, Od to Id. PENZANCE—Wheat, 19s. to 21s.—Barley, Os. to lls.—Oats, 7s. to Ss. Od.—Beef and Mutton, 4.1. to 6d.—Pork, 4d. to sd. Butter, Ild. per lb. MINING INTELLIGENCE. Tons. Cwt. Quantity of Copper Ore cold at Redruth last Thursday 1,?71 0 Average. Produce 8 0 Quantity of fine Copper lOl 0 Amount of Sale, 7,7961. 17s. Oki.—Average Standard, 1 111. Is. lid. At Thorne Fair, on Tuesday, there was a small supply of fat beasts, which sold at advanced prices The show of horses was also small, and little business done. CURE FOR AGUE.—Eighteen grains of sul phate of quinine made into 12 pills with conserve of hips, or any other simple ingredient. Take two pills every four hours for 24 hours, beginning to take them 20 hours after each fit.—N.B. It is advisable, as soon as the ague comes on, to take a small aperient dose of medicine—viz., a quar ter of an ounce of Epsom salts, six grains of rhubarb, and one grain of ginger. Half the above for a child. QUAKER WIT.—A Quaker invited a trades man to dine with hire, whom he treated with an excellent dinner, a bottle of wine, and a pipe of tobacco. His guest, after drinking pretty freely, became extremely rude and abusive to his host, insomuch that the quaker's patience was at length quite exhausted, and he rose up and addressed, him in the following words Friend, I have given thee a m eat offering, and drink - offering, and a burnt offering, and for thy misconduct, I will now give thee a heave-offering ; and immediately threw him into the street out of the parlour window." MARRIED. - , dau o g n hte th r e o l f 9 l‘ t l h r. in A s l t l . t, at S T ise o - t l t a e n n c h . am, On the 20th inst. at St. Stephen's Walbroolr, l‘ire'iiii Tipper, of St.' Thomai Apostle, to Mary Jar ie ' bookseller, Oxford -street, to Miss Mary Anne L ?°l6 ;1 daughter of the late Commissioner Lane, R.N. A d 1 : On the 18th inst. at the New Church, Neiv -r° I . , ' iN"; Pancras, by the Rev. Charles Perrin..., John CW: 4 0 . 1 field, Esq. F.L.S. late in the Hon. East India Ci?; l ord ' service, Lecturer on Anatomy and Surgery in 6 105 1 r street, Gray's-inn-road, Rm. to Mary Ann Hall,. , O i of the late John Hall, Esq. New-road. / v. 10 kat On the 19th inst. Charles Robinson Esq., - 3 ,, v , tage, Stone, to Marianne, daughter of John Rag e ' Brussels. ._ _ . i Mr. Andrei l'el'it;; WESTMINSTER SESSIONS• James Graves was indicted , for stealing a bridle, from the stables of Mr. Deacon, of the White HO:, livery-stables, near Buckingham-gate. The prisoner, it appeared, only on Thursday , 19 : had gone into Mr. Deacon's yard , and walked 'O" the stables ; there were three bridles hanging UQ d two old ones and a new one. The prisoner t O % the new one, placed it under his coat, and wall a out of the yard ; the ostler passed him in the Y3r; and, on going into the stable, missed the bridle. instantly struck him him that the prisoner had stole'' e it, and he ran after him. The prisoner t hrew bridle away, but the ostler pursued and caught On his person was found an implement for house' breaking. The Jury found the prisoner Guilty. r The sentence of the Court was, that the p ris°ne be transported for seven years. The commission of the offence, and the s eute o of the Court, was all within two days: CORONERS' INQUESTS. tu v On Saturday evening an Inquest was held at Red Cow public-house, Castle-street, Bet e green, before J. W. UNwIN, Esq. upon view of t body of Elizabeth Payne. The deceased was about 40 years of age, ' v e married, and had five children living; but after t j death of her husband she lived with a man O e r i f Price, a chair carver: The deceased had ls tte l complained of being much afflicted with worms, °, having great reliance on the skill of a quack -d L c " and pill vender, named Gabriel Ore, in -Wl", e ), s treet, she applied to him for advice, and he Orcr it ; her tobacco-water. She 'purchased an ou nce of bacco, which she steeped in a jar, and' on Weu rl t i . day evening lAsgmari nsutlat'etr e sed th a n d ea n td i e ,ti t h ed px ac aft tt t i „ coifa atiT e til r go Nl ut v uo ce a su b( l D :cient for the strongest constitution, and that tb tobacco so administered caused her death. After the examination of three more witnessl the Jury returned a verdict of manslaughter gat Gabriel Ore, who was afterwards removed to Se' gate. Another; Inquest was held at the Marquis C' wallis public-house, Bethnal-green-road, -upon vi to' of the body of Joseph Wheeler, aged 25, porte.': o a broker, who was found dead in his bed last fr i morning, Tke deceaSed-latterly complained of h head,. and after the examination of Dr.. Vatidebtli (who tried the usual means of resuscitation in O ls i and no marks of violenee appearing on the'bodP verdict of apoplexy was recorded. ••••1.1...M. r • PRINTE D and PUBLISHE D by M. YOul. .1 G, A t t t)e • A SUN-OFFICE , No. Itz, stu d. This day - Ml' f-21-11 , le Cnre of bracing 6 Fever. • I3y I Lecturer o P ublished --.......___ 0138TRUI LET] , the F ORA T i c th ( 7e Acts of 'or better su bject of tl T hames, be Aby b A pit) ING, Country Ed ----th e Ter enstoms in of making ( and the Bra ample inforz Ireland, wit of Notes tin► 13, an ager o r Ptlblish e l e ,. uutt ; I sr ' e . ; L iintitu rRY tod n'ght FR ,/ The S SKRollowin E ••••••-r.. BIRTHS. On the 19t15 inst. at his house in Bedford-squaf e ' lady of Air. Sheriff Spottiswoode, of a son. fit On the 17th inst. the lady of Joseph Vanzellerf York -place, Portman-square, of a daughter. On the 14th inst. in Jerrayn-street, the lady ° I 9 ; 1 ! Whyniper ,loth of a son. 13M On the inst. at Stonehouse, Plymouth, the Dr. D. Dickson, Royal Naval Hospital, of a dauglr oo g l3 ' On the 19th inst. in St. Jaines's•square, LadY y borough, of a daughter. 4 - DIED. as tr On the 20th inst. at Crouch-end, Hornsey, !love, Esq. in his 83d year. On the 14th inst. after alc and severe illnegs'oo :16th year, Mr. Hen. Fell, late of the City and l';e 1)° . 0 0 1, ) On the 21st inst. Mr. Thomas Neal, Hackney-110a', On the 29th ult., at Palmata, in Italy, after a f : / / painful illness, aged 42, Gilloia John Tappendlotfr late Captain in his Majesty' s 56th Regiment, aridiesvO 1 , viving brother of Mr. TaPPenden , solicitor, ' 4 ; upon-Tyne. 410' On the 18th inst. al Ham, Harriet, third do , General Gorden Forbs.