The Sun. — London, England, 1825-01-08 00:00:00

AMERICAN PRESIDEN f'S MESSAGE. [For the preceding part, see THE SUN of yesterday- It is estimated that the receipts ;into the Treasury during the current year, exclusive of loans, will exceed 18,500,000 dollars, which, with the sum remaining in the Treasury at the end of the last year, amounting to 9,483,922 dollars 81 cents, will, after discharging the current disbursements of the year, the interest on the public debt, and upwards of 11,633,011 dollars 52 cents of the principal, leave a balance of more than 3,000,000 dollars in the Treasury on the first day of January next. _ _ _ A larger amount of the debt contracted during the late war, bearing an interest of six per cent., becoming redeemable in the course of the ensuing year, t h a n would be discharged by the ordinary re venue, t h z Act of the 26th of May authorised a loan of 5,000,000 at four and a half per cent. to meet the same. By this arrangement, an annual saving will accrue to the pub lic of 75,000 dollars. Under the Act of the 24th May last, a loan of 5,000,000 dollars was authorised, in order to meet the awards under the Florida Treaty, which was negociated at par with the Bank of the United States, at four and a half per cent., the limit of in terest fixed by the Act. By this provision, the claims of our citizens, who had sus' ained so great a loss by spoliations, and from w hom itydemnity had been so long withheld, were promptly paid. . For these advances the public will be amply repaid, at no distant day, by the sale of the lands in Florida. Of the great advantages resulting from the acquisition of the territory, in other respects too high an estimate cannot be formed. It is estimated that the receipts into the Treasury, during the year 1825, will be sufficient to meet the disbursements of the year, including the sum of 10,0(81,000 dollars, which is annually appropriated by the Act constituting the Sinking Fond, for the payment of the principal and interest of the pub. lie debt. The whole amount of the public debt, on the Ist day of Ja nuary next, may be estimated at 86,000,000 dollars, inclusive of- 2,500,000 of the loan authorized by the Act of 26th May last. In this estimate is included a stock of 7,000,000 dollars, . issued for the purchase of that amount of the capital stock of the Bank of the United States, and which, as the stock of the Bank still held by the Government, will at least be fully equal to its reimbursement, ought not to be considered as constituting a part of the public debt. Estimating, then, the whole amount of public debt at 79,000,000 dollars, and regard ing the annual receipts and expenditures of the Government, a well-founded hope may be entertained, that, should no unex pected event occur, the whole of the public debt may be dis charged in the course of ten years, and the Government be left at liberty afterwards to apply such portions of the revenue as may not be necessary for current expences, to such other objects as may be most conducive to public security and welfare. That flu !warn applicable to these objects will be very considerable, may be fairly concluded, when it is recollected that a large amount-of the public revenue has been applied, since the late war, to the coustruction of the public buildings in this city, to ti.e erection of:fortifications along the coast, and of arsenals in difilTent parts of the Union ; to the augmentation of the navy; to,The extinguishment of the Indian title to the large tracts of fertile territory; to the acquisition of Florida; to pensions to Bevolutionary officers and soldiers ; and to invalids of the late War. On many of these objects, the expence will annually be di minished, and at no distant period ceases on most of all. On tke.lat January, 1817, the public debt amounted to 123,491,985 dollars 16 cents; and, notwithstanding the large sums which have been applied to these objects, it has been reduced, since then, 37;446,961 dollars 78 cents. The last of the public debt . will be redeemable on the Ist January, 1835, and while there is the best reason to believe that the resources of the Govern ment will be continually adequate to such portion of it as may become due, in the interval it is recommended to Congress to seize every opportunity which may present itself, to reduce the rate of interest upon every part thereof. The high state of the public credit, and the great abundance of money, are at this time very favourable to such a result. It must be very grati fying to our fellow citizens to witness this flourishing state of the .public finances, when it is recollected that no burthen whatever has been imposed upon them. The Military Establishment, in all its branches, in the per- formance of the various duties assigned to each, justifies the favourable view which was presented of the efficiency of the organization, at the last Session. All the appropriations have been regularly applied to the objects intended by Congress ; and, so tar as the disbursements have been made, the accounts have been rendered and settled, without loss to the public. The condition of the army itself, as relates to the officers and men, in science and discipline, is highly respectable. The Military Academy, on which the army essentially rests, and to which it is much indebted for this state of improvement, has attained, in comparison with any other institution of a like kind, a high degree of perfection. Experience, however, has si , own, that.the dispersed condition of the corps of artillery is unfaveurable to the discipline of that important branch of the military establishment. To remedy this inconvenience, eleven companies have been assembled at the fortifications erected at Old Point Comfort, as a school for artillery instruction ; with intention, as they shall be perfected in the various duties of that service, to order them to other posts, and to supply their pieces with other companies, for instruction in like manner. In this mode, a complete knowledge of the science and duties of this army will be extended throughout the corps of artillery. , But to carry this object fully into effect will require the aid of Congress; to obtain which, the subject is now submitted to your consideration. Of the c progress which has been made in the construction of fortifications for the permanent defence of our maritime fron tier, according to the plan decided on, and to the extent of the existing .appropriation, the report of the Secretary of War, which is herewith communicated, will give a detailed account. Their final completion cannot fail to give great additional secu rity to that frontier, and to diminish proportionably the ex pence of defending it in the event of war. The provisions in the several Acts of Congress of the last Session, for the improvement of the navigation of the Minis. eippi and the Ohio, of the harbour of Presq'isle on Lake Erie, the repair of the Plymouth Beach, are in a course of regular execution ; and there is reason to believe that the appropria tion in each instance will be adequate to the object. To carry these improvements fully into effect, the superintendence of them has been assigned to officers of the corps of engineers. Under the act of the 30th April last, authorizing the Presi dent to cause a survey to be made with the necessary plans and estimates of such roads and canals as he might deem of national importance in a commercial or military point of view, or for the transportation of the mail, a Board has been instituted, ~consisting of two distinguished Officers of the Corps of Engin ,eers, and a distinguished civil engineer, with assistants, who lave been actively employed in carrying into effect the objects of the act. They have carefully examined between the Poto. mac and the Ohio rivers ; between the latter and lake Erie ; between the Allegheny and the Susquehanna; and the routes between the Delaware and the Yaritan, Barnstaple and Buz zard's Bay ; and between Boston Harbour and Narraganse Bay. Such portion of the Corps of Topographical Engineers as could be spared from the survey of the coast, has been em ployed in surveying the very important route between the Po tomac and the Ohio. Considerable progress has been made in it, but the survey cannot be completed until the next season.— It is gratifying to add, from the view already taken, that there is good cause to believe that this . great national object may be fully accomplished. It is contemplated to commence early in the next season the execution of the other branch of the Act, that which relates to the Southern States to New Orleans, the importance of which cannot be too highly estimated. All the officers of both the Corps of Engineers who could be spared from other services, have been employed in exploring and surveying the routes for canals. To digest a plan for both objects for the great pur poses specified, will require a thorough knowledge of every part of our Union, and of the relation of each part to the others, and of all to the seat of the general Government. For such a d;gest it will be necessary that the information be full, minute, and precise. With a view to •these important objects, I sub : mit to the consideration of Congress the propriety of enlarging both the Corps of Engineers,. the Military and Topographical It need.scarcely be remarked, that the more extensively these corps are engaged in the improvement ef their country, in the execution of the powers of Congress, -and in aid of the States, in such improvements as -lie beyond that limit, when such aid is desired, the happier the effect will be, in many views of which the subject is susceptible. By profiting of their science, the works will be always well executed ; and by giving to the "officers such employment, our union will derive all the ad vantage in peace as well from war, their talents and services, which they can afford. In this mode also, the Military will - be incorated with the Civil, and unfounded and injurious distinctions and prejudices of every kind be done away. To the Corps themselves, this service cannot fail to be equally use ltd--:since, by the knowledge they would thus acquire, •they would be eminently better qualified in the event of war, for the great purposes for which they were instituted. Our relations with the Indian tribes within our limits, have .not been materially changed during the year. The hostile dis position evinced by certain tribes on the Missouri, during the last year, still continues, and has extended, in some degree, to those on the Upper:Mississippi and the Upper Lakes. Seve eta parties of our citizens have been plundered and murdered 13 _y 'Use tribes. In order to establish relations of frie nd ship sie,‘"`" e, lh tae em "Con at the last Session made an appropria - treaties with them, and for the employment of a -suitable military escort to accompany and attend the Commis . Aionews at the places appointed for the negociations. This ob n effected. _The season was too far .advanced when the appropriation was /made, and the distance too great to permit it : but measures have been taken, and all the pre parations will be completed, to accomplish it at an early period in the next Session. Believing that the hostility of the-tribes, particularly of the Upper Mississippi and the Lakes, is no small degree, owing to the war which is carried on•between the tribes residing in that quarter, measures have been taken to bring about a general peace among them, which, if successful, will not only tend to the security of our citiiens, but be - of great advantage to the Indians themselves. 'With the exception of the tribes referred to, our relations with all the others are on the most friendly footing; and it ()Words me great satisfaction to add, that they are making steady advances in civilization, and the improve ment of their condition. Many of the tribes have already made great progress in the arts of civilized life. This desirable re sult has been brought about by the humane and persevering policy of the Government, and particularly by means of the appropriation for the civilization of the Indians. There have been established, under the provisions of this Act, thirty-two schools, containing nine hundred and sixteen scholars, who are well instructed in several branches of literature, and likewise in agriculture and the ordinary arts of life. Under the appropriation to authorize treaties with the Greek and Quapaw Indians, Commissioners have been appointed, and negociations are now pending, for the result is not yet known. For more full information, respecting the principle which has been adopted for carying into effect the Act of Congress authorizing surveys, with plans and estimates for canals and roads, and on every other branch of duty incident to the De partment of War, I refer you to the Report of the Secretary. The squadron in the Mediterranean has been maintained in the extent which was proposed in the Report or the Secre tary of the Navy of the last year, and has afforded to our com merce the necessary protection in that sea. Apprehending, however, that the unfriendly relations which have existed be tween Algiers and some of the Powers of Europe, might be extended to us, it has been thought expedient to augment the force there, and in consequence, the North Carolina, a ship of the line, has been prepared, and will sail in a few days to join it. The Force employed in the Gulph of Mexico, and in the neighbouring seas, for the suppression of piracy, has likewise been preserved essentially in the state in which it was during the last year. A persevereing effort has been made for the accomplishment of that object, and much protection has thereby been afforded to our commerce, but still the practice is far from being suppressed. From every view which has been taken of this subject' it is thought that it will be necessary rather to augment than to diminish our force in that quarter. There is reason to believe that the piracies now complained of are committed by bands of robbers who inhabit the land, and who, by preserving good intelligence with the towns, and seizing favourable opportunities, rush forth and fall on unpro tected merchant vessels, of which they make an easy prey. The pillage thus taken they carry to their lurking places, and dis pose of afterwards at prices tending to seduce the neigbouring population. This combination is understood to be of great extent, and is the more to be deprecated, because the crime of piracy is often attended with the murder of the crews, these robbers knowing, if any survived, their lurking places would be exposed, and .they be caught and punished. That this atro cious practice should-be carried to such an extent, is cause of equal surprise and regret- It is presumed that it must be at tributed to the relaxed and feeble state of the local govern ments, since it is not doubted, from the high character of the Governor of Cuba, who is well known and much respected here, that if he had the power, he would promptly suppress it. Whether those robbers should be pursued on the land, the local authorities be made responsible for these atrocities, or any other measure be resorted to to suppress them, is submitted to the consideration of Congress. In execution of the laws for the suppression of the Slave Trade, a vessel has been occasionally sent from that squadron to the coast of Africa, with orders to return thence by the usual track of the slave ships, anti to seize any of our vessels that might be engaged in that trade. None have been found, ' and it is believed that none are thus, employed. It is well known, however, that the trade still exists under other flags. The health of our squadron, whil e a t Thompson's Island, has been much better during the present than it was the last ' season. Some improvements have been made, and others are contemplated there, which it is believed will have a very salu tary effect. On the Pacific our commerce has much increased ; and on that coast, as well as on that sea, the United States have many important interests, which require attention and protection. It is thought that all the considerations which suggested the ex pediency of placing a squadron on that sea, operate with aug mented force for maintaining it there, at least, in equal extent. For detailed information respecting the state of our maritime force on each sea, the improvement necessary to be made in either, in the organization of the naval establishment gene rally, and of the laws for its better government, I refer you to the report of the Secretary of the Navy, which is herewith communicated. The Revenue of the Post-office department has received a considerable augmentation in the present year. The current receipts will exceed the expenditure, although the transporta tion of the mail within the year has been much increased. A report of the Postmaster-General, which is transmitted, will furnish, in detail, the necessary information respecting the ad ministration and present state of this department. In conformity with a resolution of Congress of the last Ses sion, an invitation was given to Gen. Lafayette to revisit the United States, with an assurance that a ship of war should at tend at any port of France which he might designate, to re ceive and convey him across the Atlantic, whenever it might be convenient for him to sail. He declined the offer of the public ship from motives of delicacy, but assured me that he had long intended, and would certainly visit our Union in the course of the present year. In August last he arrived at New York, where he was received with the warmth of affection and gratitude to which his very important and disinterested services and sacrifices in our revolutionary struggle, so emi nently entitled him. A corresponding sentiment has since been manifested in his f a vour th rou ghout every portion of our Union, and affectionat e invitations have been given him to extend his visits to them. To these he has yielded all the accommodation in his power. At every designated point of rendezvous, the whole population of the neighbouring country has been assembled to greet him ; among whom it has ex cited, in a peculiar manner, the sensibility of all, to behold the surviving members of our revolutionary contest, civil and mi. litary, who had shared with him in the toils and dangers of the was, many of them in a decrepid state. A more interest ing spectacle, it is believed, w as never w it nesse d , b ecause none could - be founded on purer principles, none proceed from higher or more disinterested motives. That the feelings of those who had fought and bled with him, in a common cause, should have been much excited, was natural. There are, however, circumstances attending these interviews which pervaded the whole community, and touched the breasts of every age, even the youngest amongst us. There was not an individual pre sent who had not some relative who had partaken in those scenes, nor an infant who had not heard the relation of them. But the circumstance which was most sensibly felt, and which his pre sence brought forcibly to the recollection of all, was the cause in which we were engaged, and the blessings which we have derived from our success in it. The struggle was for independence and ltberty, public and personal, and in this we succeeded. The meeting with one who had borne so distinguished a part in that great struggle, and from such lofty and disinterested motives, could not fail to affect profoundly every individual, and of every age. It is natural that we should all take a deep interest in his future welfare, as we do. His high claims on our Union are felt, and the settlement universal that they should be met in a generous spirit. Under these impressions, I invite your atten tion to the subject, with a view that regarding his very impor tant services, losses, and sacrifices, a provision may be made and tendered to him, which shall correspond with the senti ments, and be worthy' the character of the American people. In turning our attention to the condition of the civilized world, in which the United States hare always taken a deep interest, it is gratifying to - see how large a portion of it is blessed with peace. The only wars which now exist within that limit, are those between Turkey and Greece, in Europe, and between Spain and the new Governments, our neighbours, in this hemisphere. 'ln both these wars, the cause of Inde pendence, of- Liberty, and Humanity, continues to prevail.— The success of Greece, w h en th e re l at i ve population of the contending parties is considered, commands our admiration and applause, and that it has had a similar effect with the neighbouring powers, is obvious. The feeling of the whole civilized world is excited, in a high degree, in their favour_ May we not hope that these sentiments, winning on the hearts of their respective Governments, may lead to a more decisive result; that they may produce an accord among them, to re place Greece on the ground which she formerly held, and to which her heroic exertions, at this day, so eminently entitle her ? With respect to the contest, to which our neighbours are a party, it is evident that Spain, as a Power, is scarcely felt in it. These new States had completely achieved their inde pendence before it was acknowledged by the United States, and they have since maintained it, with little foreign pressure, The - disturbances which have appeared in certain portions of that vast territory, have proceeded from internal causes, which had their origin in their former Governments, and have not yet been thoroughly removed. It is manifest that these causes are daily losing their effect, and that these new States are settling down under governments elective and repre sentative in every branch, similar to our own. In this course we ardently wish them to persevere, under the firm conviction that it will promote their happiness. In this their career, how ever, we have not interfered, 'believing that every people have a right to institute for themselves the government which in their judzment may suit them beat. Our• example is before them, of the good effect of rich, being our neighbours, they are corn petent Judges, and toteir judgment weleave it, in the expecta tion that other powersill pursue the same policy. The deep in terest which we take t their independence, which we have ac knowledged, and in se enjoyment of all the rights incident thereto, especially in he very important one of instituting their own government has been declared, and is known to the world. Separated, aswe are, from Europe, by the great Atlantic Ocean, we as have no concern in the wars of the European Governmen& nor in the causes which produce them. —The balance of pow between them, into whatever scale it may turn in its winos. vibrations, cannot effect us. It is the interest of the Unite - States to preserve the most friendly re lations with every pow, and on conditions fair, equal, and ap plicable to all. But irregard to our neighbours, our situation is different. It is impsible for the European Governments to interfere in their cancels, especially in those alluded to, which are vital, without affecing us ; indeed, the motive which might induce such interference in the present state of the war between the parties, if a war it my be called, would appear to be equally applicable to us. It is gratifying to know that some of the powers with whom we ejoy a very friendly intercourse, and to whom these views haveieen communicated, have appeared to acquiesce in them. The augmentation of ur population, with the expansion of our Union, and increaseanumber of our States, have produced effects in certain brancliesof our system, which merit the at tention of Congress. Sone of our arrangements, and particu larly the Judiciary estaslishment, were made with a view to the original thirteen Statetonly. Since then the United States have acquired a vast exult of territory; eleven new States have been admitted into tie Union, and territories have been laid off for three others, wtich wiP likewise be admitted at no distant day. An organization of the Supreme Court, which assigns to the Judges any portion of the duties which belong to the inferior, requiring their passage over so vast a space, under any distribution of the Sates that may now be made, if not impracticable in the executici, must render it impossible for them to discharge the duties c either branch with advantage to the Union. The duties of he Supreme Court would be of great importance, if its decisioss were confined to the ordinary limits of other tribunals; but when it is considered that this Court decides, and in the last :esort, on all the great questions which arise under our Constitution, involving those between the United States individually, between thapStates and the United States, and between the latter and Foreign Powers, too high an estimate of their importarae cannot be formed. The great interests of the nation seem b require that the Judges of the Supreme Court should be °tempted from every other duty than those which are inciden to that high trust. The organiz ation of the inferior Courts vould of course be adapted to cir cumstances. It is presumeelthat such a one might be formed as would secure an able ant faithful discharge of their duties, and without any material aupnentation of expence. The condition of the Aboigines within our limits, and espe cially those who are within tie limits of any of the States, me rits likewise particular attenion. Experience has shewn, that unless the tribes be civilizec, they can never be incorporated into our system in any form whatever. It has likewise shewn, that in the regular augmentation of our population, with the extension of our settlement!, their situation will become de plorable, if their extinctior is not menaced. Some well di gested plan, which will resale them from such calamities, is due to their rights, to the rghts of humanity, and to the ho nour of the nation. Their tivilizasion is indispensable to their safety, and this can be aeomplished only by degrees. The process must commence wth the infant state, through whom some effect may be wrought on the parental. Difficulties of the most serious characte present themselves to the attain ment of this very desirable result, on the territory on which they now reside. To remove them from it by force, even with a view to their own securty and happiness, would be revolt ing to humanity, and utteny unjustifiable. Between the limits of our present states and territories, and the Rocky Mountain, and Mexico, there is a vett territory to which they might be invited, with inducements that might be successful. It is thought that if that territory should be divided into districts, by previous agreement with the tribes now residing there, and civil governments be established in each, with schools for every branch of instruction in literature and the arts of civilised life, that all the tribes now within our limits might gradually be drawn thither. The execution of this plan would necessarily be attended with expence, and that not inconsider able, but it is doubted whether any other can be devised which would be less liable to objection, or more likely to succeed. In looking to the interests which the United States have on the Pacific Ocean, and on the western coast of this continent, the propriety of establishing a military post at the mouth of Colombia river, or at some other point in that quarter, within our acknowledged limits, is submitted to the consideration of Congress. Our commerce and fisheries on that sea and along the coast have much increased and are increasing. It is thought that a military post, to which our ships of war might resort, would afford protection to every interest, and have a tendency to conciliate the tribes to the north-west, with whom our trade is extensive. It is thought also that by the esta blishment of such a po s t, th e i n t ercourse between our western states and territories and the Pacific, and our trade with the tribes residing in the interior, on each side of the Ro c ky Moun tain, would b essentially promoted. To carry this object into effect, the appropriation of an adequate sum to authorise the employment of a frigate, with an officer of the corps of Engi neers, to explore the mouth of Columbia river, and the coast con tiguous thereto, to enable the Executive to make such establish ment at the most suitable point, is recommended to Congress. It is thought that attention is also due to the improvement of this city. The communication between the public build ings, and in various other parts, and the grounds around those buildings, require it. h is presumed, also, that the completion of the Canal from the Tiber to the Eastern Branch, would have a very salutary effect. Great exertions have been made, and expences incurred by the citizens in improvements of va rious kinds; but those which are suggested belong exclusively to the Government, or are of a nature to require expenditures beyond their resources. The public lots which are still for sale, would, it is not doubted, be more than adequate to these purposes. k rom the view above presented, it is manifest that the si tuation of the United States is in the highest degree prosperous and happy. There is no object which, as a people, we can de sire, which we do not possess, or which is not within our reach. Blessed with governments the happiest which the world ever knew, with no distinct orders in society, or divided interest in any portion of the vast territory over which their dominion ex tends, we have every motive to cling together which can ani mate a virtuous and enlightened people. The great object is to preserve those blessings, and to hand them down to our latest posterity. Our experience ought to satisfy us that our progress, under the most correct and provident policy, will not be exempt from danger. Our institutions form an important epoch in the history of the civilized world. On their preser vation, and in their utmost purity, every thing will depend. Extending, as our interests do, to every p ar t o f the inhabited globe, and to every sea, to which our citizens are carried by their industry and enterprise, to which they are invited by the wants of others, and have a right to go, we must either protect them in the enjoyment of their rights, or abandon them, in certain events, to waste and desolation. Our attitude-is highly interesting, as relates to other powers, and particularly to our Southern neighbours. We have duties to perform, with re spect to all, to which we must be faithful. To every kind of danger, we should pay the most vigilant and unceasing atten. tion ; remove the cause where it may be practicable, and be prepared to meet it when inevitable. Against foreign danger the policy of the Government seems to be already settled. The events of the late war admonished us to make our maritime frontier impregnable, by a well-di gested chain of fortifications, and to give efficient protection to our commerce by augmenting our navy to a certain extent, which has been steadily pursued, and which it is incumbent upon us to complete as soon as circumstances will permit. In the event of war, it is on the maritime frontier that we shall be assailed. It is in that quarter, therefore, that we should be pre pared to meet the attack. It is there that our whole force will be called into action to prevent the destruction of our towns and the desolation and pillage of the interior. To give full effect to this policy, great improvements will be indispensable. Access to those works, by every practi ca bl e commun i cat i on, should be made easy, and in every direction. The intercourse also be. tween every part of our Union, should be promoted and faci litated by the exercise of those powers which may comport with a faithful regard to the great principles of our Constitu tion. With respect to internal causes, those great principles point out, with equal certainty, the policy to be pursued....... Resting on the people, as our governments do, State and Na tional, with well-defined powers, it is of the highest importance that they severally keep within the limits prescribed to them.— Fulfilling that sacred duty, it is of equal importance that the movement between them be harmonious, and, in case of any disagreement—should such ever occur, a calm appeal be made to the people, and that their voice be heard and promptly obeyed. But Governments being instituted for the common good, we cannot fail to prosper, while those who made them are attentive to the conduct of their representatiVes, and con troul their measures. In the pursuit of those great objects, let a generous spirit and national views and feelings be indulged, and every part recollect that, by cherishing that spirit and im proving the condition of the others, in what relates to their welfare, the general inter es t w ill not only be promoted, b ut t h e local advantage reciprocated by all. I cannot conclude this communication, the last of the kind which I shall have to make, without recollecting with great sensibility and heartfelt gratitude, the many instances of the public _confidence, and the generous support which I have received from my fellow-citizens, in the various trusts with which Ihave been honoured. Having commenced my service in early youth, and continued it since, with few and short in tervals, have witnessed the great difficulties to which crux Union has been exposed, and admired the virtue and courage with which they were surmounted. From the present prosper ous and happy state, I derive a gratification which I cannot express. That these blessings may be preserved and perpetuat ed, will be the object of my fervent and unceasing prayers to the Supreme Ruler of the Universe. Washington, Dec. 7, 1824. JAMES IIONROE. VOTES for PRESIDENT of the UNITED STATES. The votes for the President of 'the United States stood as fol lows :—The following States gave all their votes to Mr. Adams : New Hampshire - . - 8 Maine . . . . 9 Massachusetts - - . 15 Connecticut . - . 8 Rhode Island - - - - 4 -44 In addition to these, Mr. Adams had 26 votes from New York, 1 from Delaware, and 3 from Maryland. Total for Mr. Adams, 74. The following gave all their votes to General Jackson : Pennsylvania - 28 New Jersey - . 8 —36 In addition to these, Gen. Jackson had 1 from Ne w York and 7 from Maryland. Total for Gen. Jackson, 44. For Mr. Crawford, the State of Virginia gave all its votes, 24. New York, 5 ; Delaware, 2 ; Maryland, 1. Total for Mr. Crawford, 32. _ For Mr. Clay there were 4 votes from New York. States whose votes are not yet given :—Vermont, 7 ; North Carolina, 15 ; S. Carolina, 11 ; Georgia, 9; Kentucky, 14 ; Ohio, 16 ; Tennesee, 11 ; Louisiana, 5 ; Mississippi, 3 ; Ala bama, 5 ; Indiana, 5 ; Illinois, 3 ; Missouri, 3. Total that have yet to vote, 107. It is now fully understood that there will be no choice of President by the Electors, and of course that the appointment of Chief Magistrate will devolve upon the House of Represen tatives. INDEMNITY TO THE FRENCH EMIGRANTS. On presenting the Project of Law for indem nifying the Emigrants, M. de MARTIGNAC, the Director-General of the Royal Demesnes, addressed the Chamber of Deputies to the fol lowing effect : "Gentlemen—The King has commanded us to lay before you the project of a law, having for its object the granting of an in demnity to the ancient possessors of property confiscated and sold for the good of the state in the times of civil dissension.— ' There is no need of developing at length the motives which have determined the King to propose to you this great act of wisdom and of justice. When political tempests are laid, when, the fury of passion and of party is terminated, reason and truth make themselves understood ; that which is generous and good, that which is useful and just, makes itself manifest to all minds,l makes itself felt by all hearts, and requires no longer to be justified, or even pointed out. You know, Gentlemen, at that period of melancholy recollection which separated the family of our Kings from k ranee, that the feelings of men of property were uncertain and divided. Some supposed that prudence and the interests of the throne and the country should at tach them to the ravaged but always beloved soil of their country. Others saw honour in foreign lands, where royal ca lamity sought an asylum, and where, in their opinion, fidelity should follow misfortune. Many of the French abandoned their country, already threatened with all the evils which anar- i city brings in its train. God forbid, Gentlemen, that we should retrace the calamitous events which distinguished the periods of trouble and disaster—events, the memory of which we should make every effort to extinguish. We will only allude to such evils as justice and prudence command us to repair ; for we wish the past to be buried in oblivion. Severe and threatening de crees recalled to France those who had withdrawn themselves from it; a refusal, with which all the world is now acquainted, drew upon them laws of blood and terror, eternal exile, or death. These laws were not found sufficient ; it was necessary to find a method of striking at once at their properties and fami lies. The genius of revolutions is inventive; their properties were successively sequestrated and put up to sale ; numerous laws decreed again and again, and pressed, with all the force of power and terror, a violent deprivation, and these properties have been divided, subdivided, and finally sold. Many years passed away when events changed the situa tion of the Emigrants, and enabled them to revisit France. A considerable number returned, and some of them obtain ed the restoration of such of their domains as remained in the hands of the State. Things were in this situation, Gentlemen, when Louis XVI 11. ascended the throne of his forefathers.— One of the first wishes of his heart was undoubtedly to assist those whose honourable sufferings were linked with his own misfortunes; but the first exertion of his wisdom was the as- I surance of the public tranquillity of that kingdom which was restored to bim. Twenty-five years had passed over France, and traces of our calamities presented themselves at every step. The Charter, that guarantee of peace, that monument of mode ration and wisdom, declared all property inviolable, and it ex pressly comprised in this inviolability, that called national; it declared that the law made no distinction between these descrip tions of property. You have followed this declaration of the i Monarch. The law of the State has been scrupulously ob- I served. Nevertheless, families deprived of their properties during an absence, clearly recognised as legitimate, stripped upon their return of all hope of restitution, have,. in the be nevolence of the King, and in public justice, rights which cannot be overlooked. Their properties, their mansions, the inheritance of their families, have been confiscated and sold for the benefit of the State. Gentlemen, with a nation ge nerous, just, and loyal, this should be a restitution which should not be delayed. An indemnity ought to be the consequence of the inviolability of contracts made under the empire of confiscations. All hearts feel this, but the honour of expressing these sentiments first belongs to one of the most illustrious Chiefs of that army, which was sometimes the consolation, and constituted at all times the glory, of France. France will preserve the recollection of the appeal made to its loyalty by a Noble Peer (the Duke of Ta rentum) during the first months which followed the restoration. Other obligations, other wants, compelled the adjournment of the execution of a measure the justice and necessity of which was felt by every honest mind and generous heart. The Charter had also declared—the public debt is guaranteed ; every description of engagement entered into by the State with its creditors is inviolable. This great and solemn pro. mise must be fulfilled, and the first foundations of public fortune must be laid by this testimony of respect for all engagements in which the name of the State is to be found. We will then be content to extend to all the families of the emigrants the restoration made to some of them of their unsold properties, and to give up to them the portions of the purchase money of those sold, which have not been paid into the trea sury of the Royal domains. Such, you are to recollect, are the dispositions of the law of the 15th December 1814. Soon new calamities pressed upon France; a long occupation was added to charges already existing. The King and France united in liquidating them. The time, reason, that spirit of justice and of loyalty which animates Frenchmen, and the cre dit they create and sustain, gave a happy facility to the effort. Louis XVIII. was on the point of proposing to the Chambers the means of adopting a general reconciliation, when the dan gers which threatened the King of Spain and the safety of our frontiers, imposed new sacrifices upon us. Finally, the war waged against the Spanish Revolution delayed the accomplish. ments of the project long conceived by the royal wisdom. You must remember, Gentlemen, at the opening of the last Session, that this just and benevolent Monarch, whose pater nal voice you will never hear again, expressed to you his wish of closing the last wounds of the Revolution. Your feelings easily comprehended his, and your wishes applied his consoling words to fidelity, unfortunate and plundered. The moment is at length arrived when this wish can be accomplished, when this act of deep and sound policy can be carried into effect— The liberation of King Ferdinand, the prosperous st a t e o f our i I finances, the general peace, the sure and good understanding that exists between the King and all other governments, permit ,us to heal the wound that the restoration left bleeding, and which presses upon the entire body, though it appears to affect but some of the members. The time is now arrived when it is possible to say to those who have been stripped of their inheritance, and who have supported their mis%rtunes with such resignatiod, " The State has deprived you of your property, and has transferred it to others in seasons of discord and trouble ; the State, restored to peace and legitimacy, offers you now the only reparation in its power ; receive it, and by means of this indemnity, may all I hatred vanish and disappear." Such, Gentlemen, is the plan of the project of the law which the King orders us to submit to you. It is a measure which appears just : sanctioned by the general interest, it has something about it true and satisfactory, which seems, f m its nature, to concilit a t e a ll minds,, and which has no need o •ustification. Of all those rights which society pro mises, and ught to maintain, th a t o f p roperty i s undoubtedly r 7 the most sacted, that to which is united most forcibly the gua rantee of all dthers. Of all those penalties which laws can pro-i nounce, and 'which human justice can inflict, the most cruel is the confiscation of property. It is a punishment which strikes the condemned even in his posterity, and by which the State enriches itself with the plunder of those whom it had already deprived of their parent. In the year 1790, you will remember that confiscation was abolished by a solemn decree in the name of justice and humanity; and a few months after it was restored in the name of violence. It was re-established by a d g w e h h i e c r h al c m om ea p s r u e t h e e , n p d r e o d n o a u l n i e t e h a e a f fi at a il p ie p s lie o d f bt those o t s h e e w l a h w o n i t ef whom danger had compelled to fly their country. The lay/ did not confine itself to the plunder of the children ; it ascend' ed for the purpose of wounding; it seized upon the portion promised by nature to emigrants, which was in the possession itself, duty anod t of their parents still living. These fatal laws have disappeared; judicial confiscation is effaced from our codes, into which it was introduced. The King abolished it upon his return, and his wisdom, struggling against the possibility of future injus• tice, has declared that it shall never be restored. These bene volent dispositions cannot act upon the past ; they cannot get over the interval between May, 1814, and January, 1790. Mi merous transactions have taken place under the dominions of laws now abolished; these transactions have been preserved unaltered. The Charter, which has given to them the support of sovereign and legitimate authority, has declared them in• violable—a respect entirely profound, without reserve or dise pute, for acquired rights is due to this august sanction. But, even though respect for the right of property, and the oblige• dons of repairing wrongs, were not written in the laws of a ll people and all times, there is something in our consciences stronger than laws themselves, which reminds us, that when sales have been made in the name of the State, and the State has received the value, and enjoyed it for 30 years, it owes reparation to those who have been violently dispossessed. Some voices are raised in opposition to the 'great redress which these great inte rests require. They ask why the losses, of which emigration is the cause, should be those alone for which recompence should be necessary—why - misfortunes of this description should be looked upon as the only wound which justice and humanity re quire to have healed? " The reduction of the national debt," it is said, "has deprived the creditorsof the State of two-thirds of th eir securities. The maximunt—the assignats—the disasters of the war, have injured many families. Why have not all those who have been thus plundered a right to that redress, which it doss not appear to be the wish to . grant, except to certain mistbr tunes and to certain calamities ? It is an impossibility to repair all losses. It would be an act of injustice to repair only some." You have already, Gentlemen, replied to thesJ objections. Without doubt the Revolution has produced evils of all descriptions. We find everywhere the traces of its fury. We must undoubtedly give up the idea of remedy ing all evils. The wealth of Fr a n ce restored to order and legitimacy would not be sufficient to repair the losses which France, impoverished by anarchy, has suffered ; but if, amongst the evils caused by the Revolution, there are some that justice points out as the most weighty, the most odious, and the most fatal ; if there are those, the origin of which was an attack upon the most sacred rights, and the trace of which still existing, is a perpetual cause of division and of dis cord, we ask, ought the impossibility of healing all prevent us from applying to some that remedy which is in our power ? The emi grants have lost every thing ; all the misfortunes which afflicted France have fallen upon them ; they have suffered still more heavy calamities, and which were reserved for them alone. The creditors of the State, victims of the most reprehensible treachery, have lost two-thirds of their securities, but they have still pre served one ; and the fatal measure hich has thus plundered them has left them their other property. As to the maximum. the assignats have caused the value which was in the hands of the merchants and capitalists to disappear, to their injury and detriment, but no attempt was made upon their fixed property. Those who have suffered the calamities of war, hare, without doubt, seen the devastation of their fields and their houses; but, Gentlemen, the soil—the soil at least has been left them. The laws respecting emigrants have stripped them of their securities, their moveables, their revenues ; they have left them nothing ; nay, more—these cru e l l a w s h ave d e p r i ve d t h em o f time fortunes of their father and mother; at least this has been done by the laws relating to what is called the Division of Presoccession. The emigrants have not been tried. The future confiscation that the criminal laws pronounce against the crime they denounce, and which is intended to be inflicted by the tribunals, seems at least to offer some security in the inm• partiality of the Judge who shall inflict it ; but the confis cation hurled upon the emigrants was not a punishment for the future; it was a proscription en masse, resembling those confiscations which attended the proscriptions introduced into Rome by Sylla. ( Here there was a movement expressive of approbation.) These laws of violence, which assail either the existence or the properties of a mass of the citizens, are great calamities, by which all the foundations of so ciety are shaken. Since the time when the nation passed, by a single act of authority, from a state of weakness to that of power, there has not been any secur ity, an d th e b on d o f So ciety has been broken. Such are the consequences which arise from the abuse of power, and which no injury can justi fy, and against which the boldest writers, and most celebrated publicists, have at all times protested. It is important, Gentle men, that a memorable and useful example sho u ld b e g iven, in orderi that all men may know that acts of great injustice must be followed by acts of adequate reparation. This example it now belongs to France to give. It is under the empire of a King, the protector of all constituted authorities, and under the influence of a Charter, the eminent defender of all rights, that this reparation should with candour and loyalty be offered, as a most solemn pledge as well as a renewed guarantee.—seleepres siont of assent.)—As the reparation that can be given to all the sufferers ought to follow the confiscation pronounced against the emigrants, this reparation should be first made to them, because their losses were entire, while those of others were only partial. Besides, there had been something in the violence by . which their property had been despoiled, so odious in its principle, ' and so dangerous in its consequences, that it demanded, and was entitled to an instant reparation. But that is not all ; reasons of another kind sufficiently indicate, that the evile for which a remedy is preparing, should not be confounded with those of others, and that where the greatest interests are attacked, the interests of all are so, too, in the end. Who does not perceive, Gentlemen, as well as ourselves, the necessity of effacing from the numerous portions of our tertitory those traces of the confiscations which are yet visible ? Who does not still perceive the necessity of preventing the return of divisions and of animosities among the people ? 'Who can doubt that a great measure which would have this double effect, would be a real benefit to France ? Well, that measure is the one which we now propose to you. In spite of the profound security, where are, where ought to be, the new proprietors ; in spite of the ir revocable sanction granted to their titles, public opinion, it 0 necessary to say it boldly, persisted to acknowledge again that line which the law has been anxious to do away. It was dif ficelt to find purchasers for the confiscated property of the emis grants; their value in commerce was not in proportion to their real value. The indemnity paid to their old possessors can alone make the meaning and the language of the law conform able with each other. It was that only by which the distinction which at present existed between the two classes could be done away. Not only would the indemnity be profitable to the State, by making the funds, which are now worth nothing, resume A healthy and fruitful circulation ; but it would be profitable to even the best interests, by confirming union and peace, which is the principal source of all property. However admirably may be the resignation with which the old proprietors have support ed their losses, there is in the continual attempts at reconcilia tion between them and the actual possessors a constant move ment, and a coldness which keeps and cherishes an betweeen them. Other lands are still, after the lapse of ages, torn and furrowed by a volcano; the King demands of you as sistance, in order to destroy it.—(Marks of approbation.) The King's Commissioner is gone to examine the means adopt• ed for valuing the property. The project of law has rejected a mode of estimation founded upon that of the present value, the least inconvenience to arise from which would be, the bringing in opposition the old and new possessors. The measures which, are the object of the articles hereafter to become the project of law, have appeared to be the only ones capable of being admit' ted. The suns to which the indemnity will amount, has been fixed at 987,819,96'5 francs.—(Movement and agitation in vari ous ways. The sitting was here interrupted for some time, by time King's Commissioner feeling it necessary to take some repose.) M. de MARTIGNAC continued his speech by an exposition of the reasons to be urged in favour of the present measure.' He said, that th e li qu id at i on o f t h e indemnities would be con fided to a Commission, to be formed of Ministers and Council lors of State, of' Masters of the Court of Accounts, and, lastly, of Masters of Requests performing the duties of Reporters (liapporteurs.) You will easily judge, said he, the degree of confidence which such a Commission will be entitled to. The emigrants will be indemnified by Rentes at three per cent. et par. (Agitation from various feelings.) As to the effecttwhich have been given to the hospitals, and which the establishments of benevolence ought to keep till the endowment is replaced' the old possessors are authorised to take them back again, by transfering their inscriptions of Rentes. (New movement.)-:- . The announcemdnt made by the King's Commissioner of the dispositions relative to those who, having redeemed their own effects, or those of their family, will only be indemnified ill proportion to their real loss, has also excited some very Bye's' sensations. Other parts of the project of law are intended to fix the rights of the public creditors anterior to the confiscation ; in short, the indemnity will be common to the heirs of the con' demned and to the departed. Such is, Gentlemen, both in its whole and in its details, the project of law which we come to submit to your examination, and the adoption of which we re' quest of you. Simple in its principle, like justice and truth, the great act which you are called to concur in offers in its execution some real difficulties which we have not endeavoured to disguise from you. The King reckons solely on the con currence of your wisdom, your patriotism, and your justice...-. To accomplish this work of peace and reunion, necessary to efface the traces of our divisions, was the last wish of a mo narch, and a legislator, whose memory is cherished and vene rated by all France. It is, you say, to yourselves, a pious legacy, with which he has charged his heir, and which the King now proposes to you to acknowledge and acquit, (Loud dwell from the benches on the eight.)