The Sun. — London, England, 1861-11-09 00:00:00

NEW R OYALTY THEATRE, Dean-street, Oxford-street. Under the Direction of Mdlle. Albina di Rhona. TUESDAY, NOV. 12, 1861, POSITIVELY THE OPENING NIGHT. The Box-office open daily, under the superintendence of 31 r. 8. Nugent, from 11 till 5 o'clock. RU Y AL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT GARDEN. Under the management of Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. Wm. Harrison, Sole Lessees. THIS EVENING, THE MARRIAGE OF GEORGETTE. Miss Thirlwall and Mr. A. Corri. Alter which, at Eight o'clock, RUT BLAS. Miss Louisa Fyne, Mesdames Susan Pyne, Thirlwall, Jessie M`Lean ; Messrs. Santley, A. St. Albyn, Patey, and W. Harrison. Conductor, Mr. ALFRED MELLON. Commence sit Seven o'clock. The Box-office open from Ten to Five daily. No charge for booking, or fees to Box-keepers. Stage-Manager, Mr. Leigh Murray. Acting-Manager, Mr. Edward Murray. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. Manager--Mr. Edmund Falconer. THIS EVENING, will be performed (first time) the new and original Drama, entitled PEEP O'DAY ; •or, Savourneen Deelish. Messrs. Walter Lacy, Hermann Vezin, Charles Selby, Edmun i Falconer ; Mrs. D. P. Bowers, Miss Clara Weston. To conclude with GONE TO TEXAS. Mr. Walter Lacy, Mrs. St. Henry. P*lces as usual. Doors open at half-past 6, to commence at 7 Box-office open daily from 11 till 5. Acting Manager—Mr. F. B. ChAtterton. THEATRu.IWYAL, HAYMARKET, Lessee, Mr. J. B. Backstone. For the Benefit of Mr. Edwin Booth. TATS EVENIN t 4, the performances will commence with RIC HELIEU. Richelieu, Mr. Edwin Booth ; Julie, K n. Charles Young. Followed by LEND ME FIVE SHILLINGS. And THE HAPPIEST DAY OF MY LIFE. Commence at 7. R OYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Harris. HIS EVENING. JEANETTE'S WEDDING. Miss M. Barris and Mr. H. Widdicomb. A iter which. a new and original comedy, in five acts, writ ten by John Brougham, entitled PLAYING WITH FIRE ; characters by Mr. John Brougham, Mr. oder, Mr. IL Wid dicombe, Mr. G. Jordan, Miss R. Lelolercq, Miss Angle, and M. Weston. 'i'o conclude with a new Transatlantic Extravaganza, PO-CA-HON-TAS. Mr. John Brougham, Mr. A. Harris, 'c. T NI Ew THEATRE-RO VAL, ADELPHI. Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. This Theatre will be CLOSED THIS EVENING (Satur day) for a scenic rehearsal of Mr. Boucicault's new Drama. On Monday, Nov. il, an entirely new and original Drama, fn 5 acts (played in three acts), entitled THE OCTOROON ; or, LIFE IN LOUISIANA ' • written by the author of "The Colleen Bawn ," and in which Mr. and Mrs. D. Boucicault will appear. A New Musical Introduction has been kindly pre sented by Signor Benedict, and will be performed by the Orchestra, which has been re-organised, and will be con ducted by Mr. Riyiere, by whom the incidental music has been selected and composed. The following artists will make their first appearance :—Mr. G. Jamison, from the Winter garden, New York ; Mr. Delmore Grace, from the Broadway Theatre, New York ; Miss Latimer, from the provincial thea tres - and Miss Denvil, from the Lyceum. The other prin cipafcharacters in the drama will be performed by Messrs. Emery, Stephenson Billington, Paul Bedford, Romer. Mrs. Billirw,ton. Mrs. Marston, Sze., &c. Entirely new scenery by Messrs. Dalby and Thompson. The drama to commence at a quarter before 8. Other entertainments will commence and conclude the performance. Doors onen at half-past 6—Commence at 7. Box-office open from 10 till 5, No charge for booking. CANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS AND FINE ARTS GALLERY. Great success of N. r. SAM COWELL'S New Song, " THE HOUSE THAT JACK BUILT," which will be repeated every evening, Grand Selections from STRADELLA, LA TItAVIATA, and DINORAH By Miss Russell, Miss Ernst, Mr. Herbert, and Signor Tivoli, with a powerful Chorus. Solos on the Cornet-a-piston by the renowned performer Mr. LEVY. The Comic department comprises Mr. Sam Cowell, Mr. Marshall, Messrs. Harvey and French (the Nerves), and Miss Harriet Coveney Musical Director, Mr. Jonghm ans. Admission—Hall, Bd. ; Stalls and Balcony, ls. T H E 0 X F ORD 6, OXFORD-STREET. EVERY EVENING. Anber's New Comic Opera, " LA CIRCASSIENNE," and Verdi's new Grand opera, " Simonßoccanezra," by the entire Company. Babe's new ballads by Miss Russell and Madame E.derssohn (composed expressly for them). Mr. Levy's Solos on the Cornet-a-piston, and varied Comic Entertain ments by Miss Harriet Coveney, Messrs. W. Randal:, Harvey and French (The Nerves), E. Msrshall, and SAM COWELL. Hall, 6d. ; Balcony and Stalls, is ; Private Boxes, 10s. 6d. HIGH *ATER AT LONDON BRIDGE.I THIS DAY.—Morning, 6h. 35m.—Afternoon, 6h. 58m. To-Moßßow. -Morning, 7h. 38m.—Afternoon, Bh. 4m. THE WEATHER.—Surr OFFICE, NOVEMBER 9, 1861. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 43-7.ighest since noon yesterday. 32—lowest this morning and during the night. 42—this day at noon. BAROMETER-29.56. Wv(D—Northerly; light, with fine frosty weather. It is a beautiful day for the Lord Mayor's Show, which looked grander and more chaste than usual. "?. 41, • c - c , t ( 4 - ." 4 •‘, - zk\V • • c. 4, 'ft- , • " r - • it h r:011 4 Is 4, THE SUN. LONDON, SATURDAY, NOV. 9, 1861. A circular has been forwarded to us, issued to their friends by the well-known house of NEILL Brothers, dated New York, Oct. 27, on the probable future supplies of cotton from America. One of the brothers, it is stated, recently went to New York to make special inquiry on the subject, and the letter contains tho result of his investigations. His conviction is, after conversing with all the classes of persons most likely to represent correctly American opinion, that the war is likely to be fought out, and with bitterness, to the end. He thus shews how he views the subject as a man of business, desirous for trade purposes to come to a sound conclusion. "In inquiring," he says, "into the probable duration of the war, the main ques tions to be considered are, firstly, the nature of the issued or issues between North and South. Are they slight and superfi cial, or essential and profound ? It is not neces sary to go into any lengthened argument to establish the position that they are the deepest and most irreconcileable which can divide two peoples. One section has gone to war for separate independence and the maintenance of a system of slavery, with the right to its extension, and at the same time to establish free trade and unrestricted commerce with all the world. The other party has gone to war to preserve the unity and integrity of a great country, willing enough (except a small portion) to tolerate slavery, but determined not to let it con tinue supreme in the government as it has been of late, and not to let it aid the wealth and pros perity of the South alone. And while they assume this ground, and expect in it the sympathy of the anti-slavery and commercial nations of Europe, they adopt a narrow, prohibitive, commercial system, altogether ignoring the world's commercial education for the past twenty years. It is manifest that upon the union with the South the power of the north and its commercial prosperity mainly depend. The cotton, rice, tobacco, and sugar crops of the South are five-sixths of the whole exports of the country, and constitute the chief payment to gn imp orts of the whole country, and commerce, but al so of Europe for the f ore i gn and are consequently the sorce, not only of trade reve nues as the sole revenue is derived from duties on imports. The cut ting of the North from this trade, while destroying domestic prosperity, would f orce the Government to direct taxation, at a time when the People, alway s averse to it, would be more than ever so. Th ere _ fore the North cannot give up the conflict till con vinced of its utter hopelessness. Every new loan is a further pledge that the war must continue till success or destruction result. The South is of course impelled by similar motives, and if conquered, all they have spent is lost; and moreover they would be saddled with an enormous debt incurred for their own subjugation." His account of the views and objects of the North is not the most flattering ; it is, however, identical with that which we have reluctantly been obliged ourselves to present. The sum is that the North tole rates slavery, and hunts negroes for the slave States; that the Soath holds slaves, but does not hate them more than. it does its horses and dogs. That the I%hilli*lzi P"ell a narrow, selfish obsolete commercisl I tariff on the Union, and the South tolerates it in return. In a word, the North, for its own advan tage enslaves trade; the South, for the same reason, enslaves blacks ; And each hitherto has borne with the other, as they have foolishly supposed for their own benefit. Now, they each feel the wrong done by the other, but fight because neither likes to have its wrong-doing inter fered with or even checked. His conclusion, there fore, is—" It is easy to see that, both in their view s of human freedom and freedom of trade, the differ ences of the North and South are radical, and not to be reconciled. We have, therefore, looked in vain here, among the more intelligent men of all parties, for any disposition to let the South go. They consider it geographically as well as morally impossible, and prefer the alternative of a war of extermination. If there be a disposition for peace, it is not permitted to show itself ; and if such be the case at the North it is equally true at the South, who have added to their other reasons for perse vering in the contest, the desperation that it gives to the Anglo-Saxon race to feel that their country is invaded, with a view to their conquest and sup pression. It may safely be assumed, therefore, that they will also fight to the very extremity of their resources." Of the financial and military ability of both par ties to carry on the war, he seems also to have no doubt. Of the North, he says, " The enormous Go- vernment expenditure is 'giving a great impetus to trade, and yet there is sufficient economy being practised in all classes of society, and caution in giving credit, in entering into extended operations, and in discounting mercantile paper, to leave large amounts of capital unemployed, and ready to be invested in Government loans." And, again, hav ing examined the state of the loans and the de posits in the banks, he says,—" Thus the financial wheels of the Government work smoothly enough, and there is a fair prospect that they may continue to do so for one, two, or three years to come, should the war last so long. Higher rates of interest may have to be given, and the factitious activity im parted to trade may drive the specie out of the country to pay for the war material, clothing, and luxuries which will again be called for, so that the banks may have to suspend specie payments, but it would not be a new or remarkable case for a long war to be carried on upon an exclusively paper cur- rency.'' We have always, however, assumed that the North was comparatively wealthy; still the South has her advantages also; and though, again, the extract is somewhat long, yet we prefer to give the views of such an authority in his own words, Mr. NEILL says—" Financially, the North has no doubt the advantage, but in many other respects the South has it—above all, in the fact that she is fight ing on the defensive, and in a country east of de fence and most difficult to invade. Nearly all the necessaries of life are produced within the limits of the Confederate States. Tea and coffee are greatly wanted, and the latter brings 50 cents per lb., against 12c. to 14c. in the West Indies ; but people can exist without these luxuries. Many kinds of manufactured goods are also in short supply, par ticularly woollen clothing and shoes, but enough of these goods may be smuggled in to suffice for bare necessities; and a useful homespan cloth is made extensively in the country from the cotton which is everywhere so cheap and abun dant. Gold and silver have almost disappeared from circulation, the Government paper currency supplying their place, and a system of barter pre vailing extensively. The rank and file of the army is not made up, as in the North, of the lower classes mainly, but consists in a large proportion of the better elms of young men, who have enteredupou it with hearty zeal for the cause, and thoroughly de tei mined never to submit. It is probable that these men, commanded as they generally are by good officers, will devote themselves more willingly than the Northern troops to a protracted military life, and have a much higher zest for their work. They will not readily submit to the Northern labourers and mechanics sent against them. On the whole, it is pretty evident that the power of resistance pos sessed by the South is vastly greater than they get credit for; and it is difficult to form any opinion as to which side will tire of the war the soonest. The present sufferings of the South may be much the greater, but the North is laying up for herself a weight of debt and taxation which will spread the penalty over lengthened years, and probably carry it down to generations yet unborn." Hence the conclusion is forced on Mr. NEILL that the war must be a long one, neither party being at all likely to forgo its objects, and .both having in different ways advantages for fighting for a long time. He does not think foreign powers very likely to interfere ; but he does not think it " just probable that, in the midst of the excitement of war, the slaves may take their cause into their own hands, and repeat the scenes of St. Domingo." The moral, therefore, of his story is, that we are thrown upon ourselves; and that "it is to be hoped, wherever there is a climate and soil suitable to the growth of cotton, and conditions favourable to its production at a moderate price, efforts will be made to promote and extend its cultivation, and no exertions will be spared, whether by individuals, companies, or Government, to extend the area o supply in India, and attract to England a con siderable proportion of the immense cotton growth of that country. He commen d s accordingly the efforts of the Manchester Cotton Supply Associa tion, and regrets that they were not more warmly seconded by the trade before the wolf was at the The motto will no longer do for Manchester cot :on spinners that what is any one's business is no one's. The supply of cotton is the business of every one in Lancashire, but if the men of capital to originate and sustain companies to work suitably in different parts, do not throw their money into such investments, they will find their capitalleft on their own hands, andtheir factories starved. At this time Mr. NEILL tells us "It is the deliberate intention of the American Governments, both North and South, to seal up the new cotton crop, so that not a bale of it (which they can prevent) shall leave the plantations during the continuance of the war," and that so far from the shipping season commenc ing on September 1, as usual, ' there is absolutely no prospect of its commencing then, or for months to come.' The prospect of its commencement is still, We are sorry to say, as distant as ever." And the result is that while at this time last year the receipts of cotton at the Southern ports, the bulk of which had already been shipped, or was in process of shipment, to Europe, amounted already to 534,000 bales, and the year before to 645,000 bales, this season oration of 1,0 00 we have no t yet infer bales having been received, but we d.) hear of the small stocks left over in the principal ' ports from l as t year's crop, having been sent into the interior for saf e t y , in the event o f any of the ports falling into the hands of the Federal Govern ment ! The world, however—the intertropical world at least—is all before the men of Manchester. If they suffer a cotton famine, they well deserve it. The Government is really doing all that it becomes a Government to do, especially for a community of wealthy tree traders. From every quarter they door. hear the cry, " Come over and grow cotton." Even Venezuela is appealing to them. Xamaica, through Mr. BOURNE, spoke again to them yesterday, and really offers a splendid prospect; arid India they know enough of, if they would but bestir them selves. If Manchester would but use half the effort to get cotton grown that she did to get the Corn laws repealed, she would soon be as secure against a cotton famine as against a famine of bread. The Italian clergy seem to regard the Italian State much as BALAAM did his ass. But the resem blance holds good to their inconvenience, for the State which has long so faithfully served them seems to have its eyes open to the dangers before it, and being endued with the voice of a religious teacher, rebukes the madness of the clergy--it would save them from destruction, although they beat it. The Chief Priests, as of old, seem to be the chief offenders, the humbler clergy being either better affected towards the kingdom of Italy, its KING and Government, than their superiors, or being only guilty of following the lead of their chief shepherds. It is, therefore, to these grandees of the humble kingdom of the Saviour that M. MIGLIETTI chiefly addresses a circular which has been lately made public. This circular is a respectful but very firm and manly piece of advice to the ecclesiastical digni taries of Italy, by the Minister of Grace, Justice, and Public Worship. It instructs these teachers of others, in the duties they themselves owe to the State, and warns them of the consequences of dis obedience. It is a well-timed exposure before all Italy and Europe of the selfishly ambitious obsti nacy of the Ecclesiastics, and prepares the way for requiring them to bow or to—be off. M. MIGLIETTI points out to them that the events which have re constitnted the kingdom of Italy have been of such a character, that the masses recognised in them the hand of Providence, accepted the kingdom all the more heartily, and regard with the greater indigna tion those who rear up obstacles in the way of their natural wishes. Most lamentably the clergy, even the highest, instead of sympathising with the popular joy, or "at least resigning them selves to this change of affairs," openly oppose the national Government and its laws, and endeavour to inspire the belief thikt both are a contradiction to the doctrines and tenets of the Catholic Church. Then follow various counts of the indictment for disloyalty—pastoral letters filled with treasonable arguments—instructions intended to disturb the consciences of the citizens on account of their loyalty to the great movement—denial of sacred rites to those who have fallen in the war of indepen dence—prohibition of holy rights at national solem nities,—harsh measures towards priests who favour separation of civil and secular power— sermons libelling the King and exciting the con gregations to contempt and disobedience of the laws—refusing the Holy Gospels for the soldiers to swear allegiance on them to the Government—and even heading brigands by hoisting before them " the standard of our redemption." These are some specimens of the way in which the clergy have irritated the people and separated themselves from them. This, M. MIGLIETTI tells them, is a state of things which cannot last, and ought not to last. It revolts the conscience of all that the feeling of religion, and the feeling of nationality should be represented as hostile to each other—men cannot believe that they are called on to make their choice between "the preservation of religious faith and the independence and liberty of the country." The Minister reminds the clergy of the KING having fulfilled every duty on his part towards them, and having done it even liberally. In the necessary regulation of the material interests of ecclesiastical corporations, they have been dealt with generously; but he demands of the clergy that they adopt a national and loyal policy, and intimates that he is determined to be obeyed. He cannot, he says, remain an indifferent spectator of their conduct. The Government is firmly resolved not merely to remove from itself every responsibility of the calamitous consequences which may ensue, but even to seek all means of bringing it to a close. He bids the clergy to reflect on the picture they exhibit of anxiety about worldly affairs, to devote themselves to the kingdom which is not of this world, and warns them that the Government has both the right and duty of insisting on obedience to its fundamental principle, and of " securing the Italian people against the license in which the clergy have indulged in the exercise of their sacred functions." We trust the Government will be found more than a match for the proud prelates. They are strong no doubt in the ignorance of the multitude, and strong in that most hateful invention of priest craft—the magic efficacy of sacraments to men's salvation. In virtue of this Christian Fetischism, for it is nothing better—the priests of Rome especially, and the priests of other Churches too, make themselves masters of the fears of the ignorant and of the women of a country generally. Gross superstition is the strength of priestly ,influence,—their power for mischief—but they may overdo this. When superstition is openly worked in the interest of worldly ambition, it may work a reformation little thought of by the priests themselves. Once before, Protestantism would have mastered Italy but for the Inquisition and the sword—and the Italian clergy had better take care lest they produce in the Italian mind the conviction that nationality and liberty aro safe only through casting off the priests and all faith in magic rites. As Protestant, England could wish for nothing better than that the priests should go on in their course—that they should even refuse the " last sacraments" to every dying liberal. They would then assuredly raise n the public mind the fatal question whether those ordinances were appointments of the founder of Christianity, or simply priestly incantations. Although the tide of emigration still sets steadily from our shores, and principally towards Canada, it sometimes occurs to us very forcibly that the temptations held out to the adventurous youth of England, by that colony in particular, are hardly understood or appreciated at their true value. Is it sufficiently well known, for examplo, that—in Canada—settlers can at any time obtain free grants of one hundred acres of land upon the following very simple and reasonable conditions : "1. That the settler be 18 years of age. 2. That he takes possession of the land allotted to him within one month. 3. That he put into a state of cultivation 12 acres of land in the course of four years. 4. That lie build a log house, 20 by 18 feet, and reside on the lot until the foregoing conditions are fulfilled." Surely a very alluring inducement to any enter prising stripling bent upon seeking his fortunes and unembarrassed by what are familiarly, bat not very complimentarily, designated by so very domestic race as the English, " encumbrances." Why, with health and with a moderate yearning for the reali sation. of that honest ambition sung by ROBIN BURNS as the " glorious privilege of being indepen dent," here are temptations enough, one might think, to render even the most gregarious of his kind eager to emulate the romantic career of ALEXANDER SEL- X4ltlii Aild to illuetrate, by their ONYD li!ee, the pie- TilE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY fiIVENING, NOVC I / 1 3Eq, 1861. dred acres to begin with. Against none of these conditions can even a moment's objection be raised as against anything exorbitant, or otherwise, in fact, than most rational and most judicious. Look at the first condition for instance, viz., that the settler be aged at least eighteen !—without doubt an almost superfluous proviso : for who would ever dream of an actual settler being under eighteen—who would ever dream of such a thing, at any rate out of the pages, let us say, of the Swiss Family ROBINSON, or of those marvellous records of Boy Adventurers that Captain MAYNE REID loves to tell of ! and that boy readers love so dearly to hear him relate ! Condition 2—That he (the settler) shall, within a month's time from the date of the award of 100 acres, take possession of them. A condition based upon_ the principle, of course, that if 'twere done; then 'twere well 'twere done quickly." Condition three can hardly be looked upon as one requiring too much at the hands of the emigrant —to wit, that in Four Years, twelve at least out of the 100 acres of land freely granted to him shall have been brought by him under cultivation. The fourth and last of these very moderate conditions binding down the settler to secure in the most effectual manner his own comfort, by requiring him, that is, to con struct for himself a local habitation of convenient dimensions, and to inhabit it ! " That he build a log house" (says the condition) " twenty feet by eighteen, and reside on the lot until the fore- going conditions shall have been fulfilled." Who shall say that, with Free Grants of 100 acres of land thus readily procurable in Canada by the youth of England, that the world, the British Empire, has not room and verge enough for all ? TILE LORD MAYOR'S "SHOW." The splendid pageant of the Lord-Mayor's pro gress was this year more magnificent than usual_ indeed more so than on any previous " display' within our remembrance. The horses or cavalry on this occasion looked exceedingly fine—and paced their stately steps passing well to the stormy music of the drum. The Volunteers trooped along in gay career, and looked as if they, too, were worthy of the sight. The flags and banners of all the corporate companies flaunted in the breeze in joyous consciousness of "the occa sion ;" while the mob—we beg pardon, the illustri ous visitors—showed off in all the glories of the " mighty million." Nor was the grandeur of the dis play confined to the cavalcade —for "the populace" heartily joined in the popular applause in right jolly earnest, whilo some of the more lively spirits, wishing to divide the interest of the scene, had a sort of bye-play of their own by way of pitch and toss—for up went the hats and caps of their fellow-travellers as if nothing was amiss. It was rather ludicrous to see some twenty or thirty of "top saw y ers " fl y i ng about and above in all directions, and by the time some came down amidst the " scrimmage," others went up with more good will than was quite agreeable to their " bald headed " gazers, who struggled in vain to recover their wandering whereabouts. The scene was joyous to the multitude, many of whom kept one hand to the hat, while others, in fine devilment, poked under their arms, and thus set the captives " free as air," to the still more enjoy ment of all the unconcerned. But leaving the rabble rout to their amusement, we cannot omit to bear our good opinion to the splendour of the scene, which was chaste as a City pageant and passed off and along altogether as the best of its sort and will probably never be supassed unless the next Lord Mayor be many Cubits higher. Their Imperial Highnesses the Grand Duke and the Grand Duchess Constantino of Russia, with the Grand Duchess Olga, arrived at Windsor Castle yesterday after noon on a visit to her Majesty. Their Imperial Highnesses are attended by the Russian Ambassador and Baroness Brunnow, Comtesee Komarov;ski, Madlle. do Bibikoff, Marechal de la Cour Tchitcheiin, Conseiller Priv6 Haw- rowitz, and Aide-de-Camp Lutire. The Countess Apponyi has arrived at Chandos House from Paris. His Excellency the Austrian Ambas sador is not expected from Vienna until the middle of the month. The Duke of Newcastle hes arrived at Thomas's Hotel, Berkeley-square. The Marquis and Mare - lioness of Bath left Carlton House-terrace on Wednesday, for their seat, Long lest, Wilts. The Earl of Derby comes to town on Monday next, from Knowsley Hall, for a fow days. Frances Countess Waldegiavc and Mr. Harcourt arrived in Paris a few days since from a tour in Italy. Her ladyship and Mr. Harcourt are expected in town about the 161 h inkt. Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston arrived at Cambridge-house yesterday from Broadlands, where they have been receiving a OUCCeE36iOI:I 6f visitors, turesque incidents related by the hand of DANIEL DEFOE as having befallen ROBINSON CRUSOE in the island of Juan Fernandez. But, happily for the settlers in Canada, there is not much fear before them of their finding themselves ever doomed by circumstances to a life of prolonged solitude—even when they have penetrated far west into the back woods bordering upon those great inland seas dividing Canada from the Federal States, the giant forests skirting those mighty lakes of the new world that may not be inaptly spoken of as the American Mediterraneans. Even there, in those almost untrodden wildernesses, retirement from the haunts of man is in fact becoming more and more impracticable. And now that that stupendous and intolerable territorial monopoly known as the Hudson's Bay Company has found a portion at last of its authority wrested from it by the daring policy of a great administra tor of the Colonial Empire of Great Britain, now that British Columbia is expanding its energies eastwards from the shores of the Pacific, as the Canadian provinces have long been expanding their energies westwards from the shores of the Atlantic —we may leave calmly and confidently to the force of circumstances and the Course of Time the subjugation of the sylvan wilds of the innermost depths of our North American possessions. With the Canadian provinces upon one side, and with British Columbia upon the other—it becomes merely a question of time when the heart of our hitherto impenetrable, or at any ra t e , o f our heretofore unpenetrated, dominions in the new world shall have been swept over by the bene ficent influences of modern civilisation. The axe of the backwoodsman has long been ringing fur ther and further inland, wielded in the grasp of that, for the most part, unconscious " pioneer" of Civilisation. Preceded years ago by the crack of the fur-trapper's rifle, the clang of the set tler's hatchet is being everywhere steadily and surely followed up by the clatter of the railway cars that are year by year being borne further and further into the recesses of that vast North American continent. It is purely and wholely, we repeat, a question of time, and no more than a question of time. The age will come when the advanced guard of Canadian and of Columbian enterprise will meet, "must" per necessitate meet, in the centre of the American continent—and the work will then have been accomplished. And, meanwhile, during the process of its accomplish ment, the opportunities afforded to the youth of the old mother country may be referred to with out even the appearance of hyperbole, as almost beyond the reach of calculation, as certainly be yond the reach of any very accurate calculation. Some of them we have here deliberately pointed at. Meaning, at those very reasonable conditions upon which any actual settler in Canada may, ii he lists so to do, obtain a free grant of one hun I am pleased to say that the Vincennes is afloat, and at anchor outside on my starboard quarter. The Master of the Nightingale will deliver 50 tons of coal to the M'Clel lan. This, together with what I will take out, will, I trust, lighten her so that we can haul her off.—Very re• spectfully, JOHN POPE, Captain. To Flag-officer W. A, Al`Kean. Viscountess Jocelyn arrived in town yesterday from Broadlands, Hants. Lord Brougham left London yesterday by the special tidal train of the South-Eastern Company, and crossed to Boulogne in the afternoon by the company's boat Prince Ernest. His lordship, who is proceeding to his seat at Cannes, in the south of France, appeared to be in im proved health. Count V. Karolyi and Count J. Karolyi have ar rived at Fenton's Hotel, from Hungary. The Right Hon. Sir G. Grey arrived in town last evening from his seat, Fallodon, Northumberland. Mr. and Mrs. Pouglas Pennant have arrived at Fenton's Hotel, from Peurhyn Castle, Bangor. DISPATCH OF AMMUNITION TO CANADA.—Three hundred million rounds of rifle ball cartridges are ordered to be got ready for transport by the mail packets to Canada. The orders for the despatch of the 12-pounder batteries of Armstrong guns to Quebec have been countermanded in consequence of the advanced state of the winter season.— Liverpool Post. FRA DIAVOLO.—The Gazette de France states that the grandson of the famous Fra Diavolo of 1793, after a desperate struggle with the National Guard in the pro vince of Benevent ‘, was lately taken and shot. CONFESSION OF MURDER.—Liebert, the man suspected of having committed the two murders at Grand lup, department of the Aisne (says Galignani) has given himself into custody, and confessed that he is guilty. It was in the village of Froimont that, after wandering about for several days, he surrendered, and thence he was without delay conveyed to the prison of Laon. On arriving there he said " I murdered my wife at five in the morning of the 27th October, and I did so because for a month before I had reason to suspect that she was not faithful to me. I murdered my aunt at nine o'clock, because she had some money, and I wanted it to pay my debts." He added, " Neither of the women raised any cry as I strangled them, and that consoles me." _ WILLS AND BEQUESTS.—The will of Sir Wm. Cubitt, F.R. S., civil engineer, formerly of Great George street, Westminster, residing at Clapham-common, Surrey, was proved in the London court on the 28th ult. by his son, Mr. Joseph Cubitt, and Mr. Francis T. Bircham, solicitor, Parliament-street, the executors. The personalty was sworn under £90,000. The will was executed Jan. 9, 1852, and Sir William died the 13th of last month, aged 76. Sir William has bequeathed his fortune to his relict and family. To his widow, Lady Cubitt, he has left an annuity of £1;000, with other specific bequests. To his son and two daughters, each of whom take certain specific bequests, he has bequeathed ono-third each of the entire residue of the estate. The above bequests, with the exception of a few small legacies to his brothers, sisters, grid executors, are the contents of the will.—The will and codicil of the Rev. John Wm. Cunningham, M.A., rector of Harrow-on-the-Hill, Middlesex, were proved in London on the 30th ult. by his three sons, the Rev. Francis Macaulay Cunningham, M.A., Mr. John W. Cunningham, and Henry S. Cunningham, executors, and the personal property sworn under £12,000. The will bears date the 4th, and the codicil the 21st, May last, and the testator died .)n the 30th Sept. The rev. tes tator has left his property to his family, devising to his son John W. Cunningham a freehold estate, and bequeath ing; to him and his other two sons the residue of his estate, real and personal, equally amongst them. There are nu merous specific bequests to all his children and grand children. The Rev. Mr. Cunningham had the power of diksosition over certain trust property, which he has be queathed amongst his children, giving the residue of this trust property to his two sons Francis and John. There are some charitable bequests mentioned, in the will, consist ing of £lOO to the poor of Harrow for warm clothing, &c., and legacies of £26 to the Church Missions to Africa and the East, and the British and Foreign Bible Society ; and legacies are also bestowed by the rev. gentleman upon all his servants.—lllustrated _London Amt. THE " NEW YORK HERALD."—At the present time the efforts, scarcely disguised, of the Herald, are di rected to the object of producing or increasing ill-will be tween the North and England. Whether that paper is actually hired with Southern money to do this, or whether its policy be merely dictated by a desire to extend its sale by pandering to the worst feelings of the worst men, we have no means of knowing. The Herald was, but a short time ago, entirely in the hands of the South, when the Southerns had the mastery in the Government. The foulest abuse was lavished upon the President, and he who is now the Herald's " honest Abe," and " our manly and patriotic chief governor," was then an " ignorant old wood-chopper," a " stupid clown," and a " Forcible Feeble," The con- version of the raper was effected with weathercock celerity, and it is now as vituperative in behalf of Mr. Lincoln as it ' used to be against him ; but its dearest sympathies are with the slavery -men, and it still keeps up volleys of slang against all who desire the abolition of the slave-system. Mr. Horace Greeley is always nicknamed "Massa Greeley," and many names of a coarser description are perpetually stuck upon any one who disbelieves in man's right to sell his fellow-man. The Bible has been most profanely dragged into the fray, and scriptural quotations are flung about in support of 'slavery, by writers whose scoffs at the deep and Aeal religious feeling of the States show the blas phemous hollowness of their advocacy. It is therefore al moot question whether the Herald is simply a hired tool of the South, or a reckless and selfish speculation.—Once a Week,. THE FIELD OF MAGENTA.—A correspondent of the Opinione Nationale writes from Turin to say that in crossing the field of the battle of Magenta on All Saints' Day, he found the crosses placed above the graves of the . _ French soldiers illuminated, in accordance with an Italian custom to place lights at that fete on the graves of persons loved or honoured. THE EIVGAGEMENT AT THE MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI. The following despatch from Captain Pope, of the United States navy, relates to the affair of the 12th ult.:-- United States steamer Richmond, S.W. Pass of Mississippi River, Oct. 13. Sir,—l have the honour to make the following report : At 3 45 a.m. Oct. 12, while the watch on deck were em ployed in taking coal on board from the schooner Joseph H. Toone, a ram was discovered in close proximity to this ship. By the time the alarm could be given, she had struck the ship abreast of the port fore channels, tearing the schooner from her fastenings, and forcing a hole through the ship's side. Passing aft, the ram endea voured to effect a breach in the stern, but failed. Three planks in the ship's side were stove in about two feet below the water line, mating a hole about five inches in circumference. At the first alarm the crew promptly and coolly repaired to their quarters, and as the ram passed abreast of the ship, the entire port battery was discharged at her, with what effect it was impossible to discover, owing to the darkness. A red light was shown as a signal of danger, and the squadron was under way in a very few minutes, having slipped their cables. I ordered Preblo and Vincennes to proceed down the South-West Pass, while I covered their retreat, which they did at about 4.50 a.m. At this time three large fire rafts, stretching across the river, were rapidly nearing us, while several large steamers and a bark-rigged propeller were seen astern of them. The squadron proceeded down the river in the following order:—First, the Preble; second, the Vincennes; third, the Richmond ; fourth, the Water Witch, with the prize schooner Frolic in tow. When abreast of the pilot settle ment, the pilot informed me that he did not consider it safe to venture to turn this ship in the river, but that he believed ho could pass over the bar. I acc rdingly attempted to pass over the bar with the squadron, but in the passage the Vincennes and Richmond grounded, while the Preble went over clear. This occurred about eight o'clock, and the enemy, who were down the river with the fire steamers, commenced firing at us, while we returned the fire from our port battery and rifled gun on the poop our shot, however, falling short of the enemy, while their shell bunt on all sides of us, and several passed directly over the ship. At 9.30 Commander Handy of the Vincennes, mistaking my signal for the ships outside the bar, to get under way, for a signal for him to abandon his ship, came on board the Richmond with all his officers and a large number of the crew, the remainder having gone on board the Water Witch, Captain Handy before leaving his ship had placed a lighted slow match at the magazine. Having waited a reasonable time for an explosion, I directed Commander Handy to return to his ship, with his crew, to start his water, and, if necessary, at his own request, to throw overboard his small guns, for the purpose ot..lightening his ship, and to carry ont his kedge with a cable to heave off by. At 10 a.m. the enemy ceased firing, and withdrew up the river. During the engag ement a shell entered our quarter port, and one of the boats was stove, by another shell. I have this morning succeeded in getting this ship over the bar. The APClellan and South Carolina are using all exertions to get the Vincennes off. The Nightingale is hard and fast ashore to the end of the bar. I have suc ceeded in reducing the leak of this ship so that our small engines keep the ship free. This is only temporary, and the ship will have to go to some place and have three planks put in. I have received rifle guns, and placed the 32-pounder on the forecastle and the 12-pounder on the poop. Co ,ld I have possibly managed this ship in any other way than keeping he r head up and down the river, I would Lave stopped at Pilot Town to give battle bu this was found to be too hazardous, owing to her extreme length. The attempt was made, but a broadside could not be brought to bear without running the ship ashore. I then concluded, as advised, to start for the bar, and trust to the chance of finding water enough to cross. In narrating the affair of the river, I omitted to state that the ram sunk one of our large cutters, and a shot from the enemy stove the gig. T 1-1 1 14 PARIS, Nov. 9. The 71 oniteur, in its bulletin of to-day, says : " Several journals, in announcing that General Goyon has been named Commander-in-Chief of the Corps of Occupation at Rome, have endeavoured to find in this appointment a signification which there is nothing to warrant. "The Emperor simply wished to place the title of the Commander of the French Forces on a level with his real position. " This does not, however, alter the character of our mission at Rome, which is essentially pacific and protective." The bulletin of the Moniteur also contains the following : " A report, made by the Commander of the 7th Military Division, states that no detachment of the troops under his command has penetrated into the Valley of Dappes, and that he has confined himself to taking ap a position at the extremity of the French frontier in order to observe the movements of the S wiss gendarmes." TRIESTE, Nov. 8. Letters received here from Ragusa deny the rumours of a defeat of the Turkish army by the in surgents at Piva. Vukalovich, the chief of the insurgents, has set a price of 1,000 sequins on the head of Ornar Pasha. Great exultation prevails among the insurgents. The necessary funds for carrying on military operations are being sent to the insurgents from different quarters. CONSTANTINOPT,E, Nov. 3 (via TRIESTE), The Sultan has made a two days' visit to Ismidt, and has laid down the keels of some new ships. A meeting of the foreign representatives has been held at the residence of Sir Henry Bulwer, for the purpose of considering the question of Montenegro. No decision was come to. The Grand Vizier was present at the meeting. There has been a severe storm in the Black Sea, attended with loss of life and shipping. AMERICA. SOUTHAMPTON, Nov. 9. The North German Lloyd's steamship Bremen, from New York on the 26th ult., with mails for France and England, has arrived off Cowes. She brings 238 passengers for Bremen, and 19 for Southampton and Havre. The Bremen was detained at sea for two days in consequence of a slight accident which occurred to her machinery on the 28th ult. Her news has been anticipated. THE BOMBAY AND MAURITIUS MAILS. SOUTHAMPTON, Nov. 9. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Euxine, with the heavy portion of the Bombay and Mauritius mails, arrived off the Needles at 10 a.m. FRANCE. Under the head of "Latest Intelligence," La Patrie has the following:— " The Marshal Duke of Magenta, who has re turned from Berlin, has been summoned to Com peign e. "M. Declercq, Sub-Director in the Foreign office, who had been sent to Berlin to watch the negotiations respecting a treaty of commerce be tween France and Prussia, has arrived at Paris The negotiations have not succeeded, but this is. to be attributed to the opposition of the German Powers members of the Zollverein, and not to Prus;ia, which, during the conferences that have taken place, showed a great desire to come to an arrangement with France." La Patric also has the following : "M. de Gobineau, appointed Minister of France in Persia, has left Constantinople for Erzeroum, en route for Teheran. "The frigate Sybille, Commander Pouget, has sailed from Rochefort, with troops on board, for the Ile Reunion." The Constitutionnel has the following :—" The naval division which will sail in a few days for Mexico consists of the man-of-war Massena, com mander Raze, four frigates, a corvette, five gun boats, an aviso, and a certain number of transports. The squadron is under the command of Rear- Admiral Jurien de la Graviere, the head of whose staff is Captain Thomasset. A portion of the squadron will sail from Toulon, the remainder from Brest. They will meet at Vera Cruz. The num ber of troops embarked will be about 3,000 men, comprising 500 Zouaves and a detachment of Cavalry; the horses will be procured in Mexico." BOURSE, Nov. B.—The rise of the last two days has not made any further progress, but the market has been firm, and although many sales for realisa tion have been made, the prices of yesterday have been well maintained. Threes, for the account, are now at 681 75c. The following were the last quotations : 41 per per Cents ... 95 85 Credit Fonder 1177 50 Do end month.... 95 99 Belgian 4± — 3 per Cents Do. end month 6B 75' Roman Bank Shares 2930 — 1 Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 742 50 Spanish Threes 49/ Do. Account 736 25 1 Rome Debt B.AILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1335 .. 1336 25 Northern 987 50 .. 986 25 New ditto 905 .. Lyons and Mediterranean 1030 .. 1025 Geneva 347 50 .. 347 60 Southern 645 .. 642 50 Western Eastern Sardinian 350 .. 350 Austrian Lombard .. ... 535 .. 533 75 AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY. A letter from Vienna, dated the sth inst., says : " By the Imperial rescript which the Emperor has just addressed to Count Forgach, his 112ajesty entrusts to Count Palffy, with the title of Lieute nant, the direction of the affairs of Hungary, and lays down the regulations according to which the new functionaries are to replace the former ones. "In the Comitats, the Counts Palatine, or, in their default, administrators will be called upon to exercise the functions of governors, and will have to obey the orders issued 'from the Lieutenancy at Buda. " The Administrative department, as well as the judicial authorities, will be dependent upon those heads of Comitats, and the mayors of towns will also be under their immediate orders. " The penal code actually in vigour in Hungary, being only applicable to certain offences of minor gravity, it will undergo a complete reform, and be made suitable to the wants of the moment in pre cise terms. " The Imperial rescript must, nevertheless, be considered as an exceptional and purely temporary measure, rendered necessary by the hostile attitude of the authorities and assemblies actually existing in Hungary, an indispensable measure, unless the Patent of the 20th of October is to be considered a dead letter. Au attempt is now made to re-establish order, which has been so much disturbed, by w i se and decisive measures, to put an end to the exc i tement which has seized upon a portion of the Hungarian people, and which might lead to the most disastrous complications." This letter, which has a semi•oflicial tone about it, concludes as follows : " These are not repressive measures, nor is it a state of siege which the Emperor of Austria has just proclaimed, but administrative measures which, we repeat it, are purely of a transitory nature, of a description to obviate the obstacles to the deve lopment of the great principles of well-understood liberty which prevail in regenerated Austria. There Is, _therefore, reason to hope that, 'within a short - time, circumstances will allow the convocation of a new Diet equal to its mission, which will partici pate loyally in the furtherance of a work the object of which is to confer upon the various populations that compose this vast empire the same benefits, the same prerogatives, and the same liberties. " What no one can deny now, and the last Im perial rescript gives an evident proof of it, is the firm intention of his Apostolic Majesty not to deviate from that line of conduct which that Monarch has traced out for himself by granting constitutional institutions to those countries." HUNGARY. The - Debats discusses the question of Hun gary in an article extending to nearly three columns. That journal has always declared itself in favour of the acceptance by that country of the Statute submitted to the approbation of the Diet by the Austrian Government. But no one at Pesth would hear of sending to the Reichsrath the 83 deputies who were to represent Hungary. Under such circumstances the Debats suggests a compro mise, but first explains the state of the difference between the Hungarians and the mother -country, commencing with arguments used by the former. It says : " Setting aside the secondary, circumstances of this discussion—a discussion perhaps unprece dented in history—this is what we find : Hun gary says, I have a Constitution eight centuries old, and I do not mean to change anything in it in favour of a constitution which, so to speak, is only a day old. lam united to the House of Austria by lateral contract, and in that contract, in which I was the principal party, I will not modify a let ter in favour of a Constitution of which I did not draw up a single article—a Constitution which besides can possess in my eyes no other merit than that of having succeeded to ten years of illegal restraint. Let, therefore, the King of Hungary, to whom I wish to remain faithful, not impose on me a Statute which has nothing to do with my ancient laws. That the said Statute has been pro mulgated is a matter of no consequence, for the King of Hungary has no need of the consent of any one to abolish it as far as Hungary is concerned. Such are the terms on which a reconciliation may be made between the Hungarian people and their Severeign.' " The article then proceeds to give the arguments on the other side The Reichsrath replies The empire of Aus tria now possesses a liberal statute ; the people of the provinces within the Leitha have a multitude of reasons for not showing themselves too delicate on the question of that statute being accorded.' They think that, as bitter experience has proved to the world, liberty granted from above is preferable to servitude voted from below. The statute has stipu lated for Hungary, as for the rest of the empire; and supposing that in doing so it was wrong, we, the de puties of the Reichsrath, can do nothing in the mat ter. Though accomplished without Hungary and - without us the thing is not the less done. If we admit that the Emperor has the power to change, without our consent, a single article of the statute, there is no longer any statute. If he were to abolish or modify, as an act of his own good pleasure, what concerns Hungary, he could one of these days abolish without our consent what regards us. If the statute is to be modified, it is witlius that Hungary must negotiate, although to treat with us is in some de gree to recognise our jurisdiction, and to admit what was in question.' Our readers see that on boih sides the reasons are strong." The nature of the arrangement which it proposes is set forth in the following extract ; " There is one mode of proceeding which many men of Pesth are ready to accept, and which would certainly obtain the support of part of the Reichs rath at Vienna. Instead of confounding the dele gation of the Hungarian Diet in the Chamber of Deputies of the empire, it is proposed to make that delegation a separate Chamber sitting at Vienna, and invested' with full powers by the Diet of Pesth to decide, in concert with the Chamber of Deputies and the Chamber of Nobles of Hungarythe statute o f Februaryt the em pi e and r h e 'as th declared fwe a affair sm whichon to the rest of the empire. This Hungarian Chamber, a member of the Parliament of Vienna, without being absorbed in it, could discuss in conjunction with the Reichsrath the portion of the taxes to be imposed on Hungary for general expenses, the fix ing of the Hungarian contingent, the common works of public utility, and the measures to be taken in the interest of commerce, which by its nature has greater need to remove frontiers than to strengthen them. Ia this manner Hungary would no longer have reason to fear that her deputies would only form in the Reichsrath an indistinct group, with force sufficient to de fend the peculiar institutions of Hungary against ably-disguised usurpations ; and on the other hand, the empire of Austria would no longer present the singular phenomenon of a sovereign more unfortunate than the child in the judgment of Solomon, cut in two between Vienna and Pesth, rushing incessantly from one city to the other, responsible before two Diets, which would be sup posed to know no more of each other than the Em peror of China knows of the King of Dahomey, obliged to govern half his empire by means of diplomatic couriers, and to send ambassadors to his own subjects. For our part we are not disposed either to conceal the inconveniences or to exagge rate the merits of the proposed arrangement, which is not quite the personal union demanded by Hun gary, and not quite the real union which the sta tute of February wished to establish on a small number of points. It is a compromise in the style of that of Missouri, and such are not out of the reach of tempests." The financial accounts from Paris show less un easiness, but very little tendency to any general recovery of confidence. The speculators, however, feel certain that every effort will be made to create animation, in order that the requisite loan may be obtained, and it is assumed that the contemplated return of M. Fould to the Ministry of Finance is in connection with that object. The demand.for discount in Paris is not very active, and the rate in the open market is 5 per cent. below that of the Bank of France. DESTRUCTION OF A LIVERPOOL SHIP BY FIRE.-- Yesterday, intelligence reached Liverpool of the destruction by fire of the skip Sovereign of the Seas. The news, which came by telegram from Alexandria under date of the sth inst., states that the ship was burnt at Sidney on the 23d Sept. last. The fire having consumed her to the water's edge, she was scuttled, and sunk in 20 feet of water. The cargo in the lower hold is said to be uninjured by the fire; the hull has been raised, and the cargo was to be landed forthwith. The Sovereign of the Seas was a splendid ship of 1,226 tons burden, commanded by Captain Cruickshank. She sailed from this port for Sidney on the 27th May last, having a number of passengers and a large cargo. She was chartered by Messrs. James Baines and Co. and Messrs Fernie Brothers.—Liverpool lifercury,Nov.B. SHIP ON FIRE AT LlVERPOOL.—Yesterday morn ing, soon after nine o'clock, fire was discovered on board th e Ewing , in the Albe r t Dock. Captain forwarded to th e ship A City desp o a t tch Agra, w im fire-police station in H atton -garden, and steps were promptly taken to have the vessel hauled out of dock, in order to avoid, as far as possible, danger to other ships in the dock, and also to the warehouses by which the dock is surrounded, as well as the goods contained in them. As soon as the vessel was hauled out she was laid along side of the quay of the Albert Basin, and a plentiful supply of hose was attached to the numerous hydrants fixed at different points along the quay. On the main hatch being uncovered, it was found that the cargo immediately under and around it, consisting of cotton, was on fire. An attempt to reach the seat of fire was made through the chain hatch by the third mate, who had scarcely descended into the hatch before he fell senseless on the floor, suffo cated by the fumes of the burning cotton. Two others were successively lowered for the purpose of rescuing the poor fellow, but they had to be immediately drawn up to avoid a similar fate to that which had befallen the mate, who was not got out for several hours, by 'which time he was quite dead. In the meantime the most active exertions were made by a large body of firemen, salvage men, and labourers to get out the cotton, so as to reach the seat of the fire. A large quantity of the cotton was found to be on fire, although not in a state of very active c onflagration ; a large number of bales were speedily landed, and the means adopted for 'subduing the fire were such as to prevent its gaining any additional head. The City of Agra d is a new quantityi u 1 l an d of valuable hemp,k iron-built ship, of about 1,100 tons, - regis l t . exe sfle ow h ned by t L i i n v into the Albert Daodcjust Messrs. Coupeland, Brothers, of arrived from Bombay, and was go on f te r sfkirineutisturseueppwoeseekds,to have been c‘aVregdonoestdcaoytt.on,Schheiehnayd very rur b a o t a s, rd be a odes a its9eialedier4tansdinh;hrensja.caT COL CO, Da, ner fire Th, tiot for and 1104