The Sun. — London, England, 1861-10-23 00:00:00

2HE NAVY. VALETTA, Oct. 18.—Her Majesty's steam frigate Doris, 32 guns, Captain Sir F. L. M'Clintock, uar rived on the 13th inst., under steam from Naples, With invalids, &c., from the fleet, to proceed home in the Himalaya. The Doris left the fleet at Naples on the 11th inst: The ships daily weighed anchor and practised. the new steam evolutions, returning to their anchorage at night. The bay affords great facilities for these exercises. They were to be con tinued for another fortnight, when the fleet was to return to Malta. The screw steam frigate Liffey, 51, was expecting orders to return to England. The screw steamer line-of-battle ship Cmsar, 90, and the screw steam corvette Racoon, 22 (the latter vessel now at the Pirmus), are also going home. Her Ma jesty's screw troopship Himalaya, Captain S. Sec combe, returned from Corfu on the 13th inst., with invalids, &c., having performed the passage there and back in less than three days. She continued her route to Gibraltar and England yesterday, hav ing on board Rear-Admiral G. R. Mundy, C. 8., who is proceeding home on sick leave, a company of Royal Engineers, consisting of 1 officer, 93 sol diers, 8 women, and 14 children, 49 naval and mili tary invalids, and others. Her Majesty's screw gun boat Wanderer, 4, Commander W. E. Seymour, left port on the 16th for Corfu, with the commissioners, Dr. Sutherland and Captain Galton, who are on a tour of inspection of barracks and hospitals. Lieut. Woolcombe, R.A., returned to Corfu by her. Her Majesty's screw frigate Melpomene, 51, Captain Ewart, returned from Marsa Susah yesterday, whither she had been to embark sculptures atCyrene. She also brought back Lieut. Smith, R.E., and Lieut. Porcher, R.N., to whom the credit is due of discovering these ancient works of art, and Mr. W. Dennyson, despatched by the trustees of the British Museum to superintend the packing of them. The only ships now in port are the Hibernia (flagship); the Hannibal, 89 ; the Melpomene, 51 ; the Doris, 32 ; the Supply, 2 ; and the Hearty, tug. Telegra phic communication is again interrupted with the continent. The interruption exists in Sicily, and is supposed to have been caused by the violence of the weather. The Mohawk, 4, screw, Commander E. H. Howard, arrived at Spithead yesterday morning from Malta. She left Malta on the 6th of Oct.,, arrived at Gibral taron the 14th, and left that place on the 15th. It is expected that she will be paid off. The screw steamsloop Greyhound, 17,Commander F. W. Sullivan, arrived in Plymouth Sound yester day. She sailed from Gibraltar on Oct. 10, leaving there the iron paddlewheel steam vessel Trident, 6, Commander B. B. W. Nicolas, and Scourge, 6, Com mander the Hon. Win. J. Ward, and the gunboats Procris, Lieut. and Commander Geo. Palmer, and the Cockatrice, Lieut. and Commander R. W. Gill non. On the passage very heavy weather was ex• perienced from the N.W. The Greyhound comes home under Admiralty order; she was commissioned in Dec., 1859, when her crew was turned over from the Conflict. The defects of the screw steamship Donegal, 99, Capt. S. Osborn, C. 8., at Devonport, can be made good without her going into dock. The copper of the screw steamship Conqueror, 99, Capt. E. S. Sotheby, C. 8., having been repaired in No. 3 dock at Keyham steamyard, she was removed yesterday afternoon. Mr. J. R. Aylen, master of the Royal yacht Vic toria and Albert, has been appointed Queen's har bour master at the port of Plymouth, vice Comman der W. H. Thompson, deceased. By the promotion \lr. Aylen obtains the rank of commander. The repairs of the screw steamship Revenge,Capt. C. Fellowes, flag of Rear• Admiral Robert Smart, K.H., having been completed, she made an experi mental trip outside Plymouth breakwater on Mon day, and returned into the Sound, where she will remain until the Warrior goes down Channel for the Bay of Biscay on her trial trip. Yesterday the War Department transport Marl borough was placed alongside the Governmenc quay at Chatham, and took on board several hundred cases of the 100-pounder Armstrong shot and shell, together with the brass ordnance for the boats and pinnaces of the screw steamer Barossa, 21, 400- horse power, attached to the first-class steam reserve at Chatham. The Bomarsund, War Department transport, also landed during the day upwards of 80 tons of 68-pounder solid shot from the advanced ships in the river. The screw gunboat Bullfrog, 2, 60-horse power, belonging to the first division of the steam reserve at Chatham, steamed up to the Ordnance wharf on Monday, and landed her 68 and 32-pounder cast iron guns, after which she shipped a 100-pounder and also a 40-pounder Armstrong gun, together with the usual quantity of Armstrong shot and shell. The salary of the Master Attendant of Devonport dockyard has just been increased from £4BO to £6OO per annum, and those of the assistants to £5OO. THE ARM , An important general order has just been issued to the Royal Artillery, by command of the Duke of Cambridge, in which his Royal Highness, after exa mining the returns of drills carried on by the brigades of Royal Artillery, expresses his regret that so large a proportion of the non-commissioned officers and men of some of the brigade have not undergone the annual course of re-drilling prescribed by the general order of the 11th of August, 1859, His Royal Highness has taken into consideration the statements made by officers commanding brigades in reply to certain questions respecting their ability to carry out the course of re-drilling. Ho is aware that at some stations, and under peculiar circum stances, great demands are unavoidably made on the personnel of all garrisons, and that it is at times impossible to exempt artillerymen from garrison and other duties to the extent necessary to enable them to be put through a course of adequate in struction ; but his Royal Highness trusts that the returns of the present year will show a great in crease in the number of men who have been thoroughly re-drilled, and he urges commanding officers to renewed vigilance, and to cause a portion of their men to be constantly in the hands of the gunnery instructors and their assistants. He feels assured that officers commanding brigades will, on application, receive every assistance in carrying out his views respecting the instruction of the artillery soldiers. He also trusts that commanding officers of field brigades will use every exertion to have their drivers instructed in the several drills, and directs that in future annual returns of the gunners and drivers may be shown separately in order that it may be seen to what extent the latter have re ceived instruction. A tabular statement has also been Publishedivith the general order, by direction of the Duk e of Cambrid ge . It shows the number of artillerymen who during the past year have not received instruction to anything like the extent contemplated, and also the number of those who have received no instruction at all. At the same time the Duke of Camb r i dge makes these remarks he is glad to be able to allude to the great improve ment in the mode in 'which the annual practice appears to have been carried on, as shown from the It . re p or ts received from time to time. evident that at some stations—particularly at Gibraltar— very great pains have been taken to use to the greatest advantage the ammunition granted for in struction. --- A further supply of upwards of 1,400 stand o f arms, consisting chiefly of the short rifle for sea l service, with the improved bayonet sword attached, have been received at the Ordnance stores, Chatham, froethe factory at Woolwich, the War Department transport Baltic having completed the landing of the arms yesterday. A complete rear rangement of the armouries has been made at Chatham. Additional stores have been formed sufficient to receive arms for the entire British army. At present the rooms formerly used are filled with some thousand stand of arms, all of the im proved pattern Enfield rifle, and as fast as addi tional rifles are received from Woolwich they are stored in the new buildings devoted to that pur pose. Orders have been received at Chatham for a fur ther discharge of 160 non-commissioned officers and men of various cavalry and infantry regiments, the whole of 'whom will leave the garrison to-morrow morning, and be forwarded to their respective homes at the public expense. The troops ordered to be dis charged have all been inspected by the Commis- I sioners of Chelsea Hospital, in addition to which they had previously undergone medical it spection by the staff at Fort Pitt, in order to ascertain that the whole of the men selected to be dis& arged were unfitted for further service. Most of the men selected for discharge have been awarded permanent pen sions, while those of short service will receive pen sions for periods extending from six months to three years: Instructions have been received at the head-quar ter; of the Royal Marine Light Infantry, Chatham, for the whole of the non-commissioned officers and men belonging to the division who are serving on board the guardship of the steam reserve to be landed once a month, in order that they may undergo a certain period of drill with the remainder of the battalion: Orders have also been given for the Royal Marines serving on board the flagship of the steam ordinary to be changed once in each year, instead of once in three years, as formerly. We have to announce the death of Col. Sir C. M. Wade, C. 8., which took place on Monday at Bath. The deceased was a son of the late Lieut.-Col. J. Wade, of the Bengal Army, and was born in Bengal in 1794. He entered the military service of the East India Company in 1b09; in 1823 was appointed diplomatic agent at Loodianah ; in 1835 was placed in charge of our relations with Runjeet Singh and the States across the Indus ; in 1838 was sent on a special mission to Peshawur to join the Sikh army with Shah Zada-Timour, and was the first to force the Kyber Pass ; he was appointed political agent at Malwa, Central India, in 1848, and received the honour of knighthood for the tried judgment and ability with which he conducted our relations with the Court of Lahore for 17 years. In recognition of his services in Candahar, Cabul, and at the cap ture of Ghuznee, Sir Claude received permission in 1841 to wear the order of the Dooranee Empire, and had also received the Star of the Punjab, He attained the rank of Lieut.-Colonel in 1839, and received the local rank of Colonel in the East Indies in 1855. THE SANITARY CONDITION OF THE CITY. Yesterday Dr. Lethehy, the Medical Officer of Health, presented his report to the Commissioners of Seers on the sanitary state of the city of Lon don, for the summer quarter of the present year, ending the 28th of September. Of this document the material portions are subjoined ; " The number of births registered in the city during the quarter is 839, and of deaths 640. Both of these present a marked improvement in comparison with the average of the last six years; for the for mer has advanced from 820 to 839 in the quarter, and the latter has declined from 683 to 640. The chief increase in the proportion of births has been in the Western district, where the number has been raised from an average of 186 to 218. In the three districts of the city the annual birth-rate has been 29.6 per 1,000 of the entire population. In all England the annual birth-rate for the summer quarter is 32.8 per 1,000. Of the 640 deaths in the quarter 264 occurred in the Eastern Union, 163 in the Western, and 213 in the Central or City Union. These numbers are in the annual proportion of 25.9 per 1,000 of the inhabitants of the first-named dis trict, 24 0 per 1,000 of the second, and 18.7 of the third, the death-rate of the whole city being 22.5 per 1,000. In all England the death-rate in the summer quarter is 20.4 per 1,000, and in the dis tricts of the chief towns of England it is 23.8. While, therefore, the average proportion of deaths in the whole of the city has not been unusually large, that of the Eastern division of it has been axcessively so; and in the Crippiegate sub-division it has amounted to 29.8 per 1,000 of the inhabi tants. The density of the population in this district is enormous ; it amounts to 290 persons upon an acre ; whereas in the whole of the city there are but 156 persons to an acre, and in all London but 3G. This accounts for the excessive mortality of the Eastern division of the city, and shows, in con nexion with the poverty of the districts, the diffi culties which have to be surmounted in improving its sanitary condition. Of every 100 deaths 45 have occurred among children of less than five years of age ; nine among young per sons at from 5 to 20 years of age ; 10 at from 20 to 40 ; 16 at from 40 to 60 ; and 20 at 60 and upwards. The mortality among infants is rather large, for the rest of England it is only about 41 per cent. of the total deaths. Contrasted with the averages of the last six years, there has been a fall ing off in the proportion of deaths from several im portant diseases, as continued fever, scarlet fever, small-pox and measles, These have declined from a total average of 81 in the quarter to 39. Continued fever has fallen from 29 to 18, scarlet fever from 25 to 18, smallpox from 10 to 1, and measles from 17 to 2. Some other forms of disease, however, have ad vanced; thus, whooping-cough, croup, and dipthe ria have been increased from 28 to 43, and infiam matory affections of the banes from 54 to 63. Alto gether the number of deaths from zymotic affections has been reduced from an avenge of 179 in the quarter to 155, while that from tubercular diseases has increased from 154 to 163. Diptheria and croup have been rather severe, but there have been no spe cialities in the origin and development of those diseases to lead to any conclusion in respect of the laws of their progress or of the means for their abatement. The laws which govern these manifes tations of disease have yet to be discovered, and this is one of the aims of sanitary investigation. At pre sent Fe merely recognise the fact that these mala dies are affected by local circumstances, and are, as it were, intensified by filth and overcrowding, and such like unwholesome agencies; but we have yet to ascertain what are the real inffuencies concerned i in their propagation, as well as the particular agencies which originate them and determine their speciality. The meteorology has been deduced, as usual, from the observations at Guildhall, under the superintendence of Mr. Haywood. The mean temperature of the quarter has been 60 deg., which is the exact mean of the correspond ing period of the last 43 years. The highest point which the thermometer reached was 85 deg., and the lowest 45.8 deg. The former was attained on the 12th of August, when at Greenwich the ther mometer stood at 89.3 deg., and the latter was on the 27th of September, when at Greenwich it was 37.7 deg. These, as well as other observations, show that the temperature in the city is more uni form than it is at Greenwich. The greatest daily range of temperature has been 23.4 deg., and the average of the ranges 19.3 deg. The diminished rainfall has influenced the condition of the river; for the proportion of solid matter has risen from an average of 33.8 grains per gallon (that of the pre ceding quarter) to 128 . 7 grains ; of this nearly nine grains were organic matter, and 93 were seasalt. The condition of the water has been rather offen sive, and it has shown a tendency to active decom position, notwithstanding that the temperature of it has not exceeded 67.5 de g . In the autumn quar ter of 1859 there was nearly the same state of the water, as regards its appearance, its odour, and its chemical composition. At that time the rainfall amounted to only 5.5 inches, and the temperature to 71.3—conditions which are very nearly similar to those of the past quarter. " Touching the sanitary work of the quarter, 1,404 houses have been inspected and 852 visits made to the common lodginghouses of the city. These have resulted in the issuing of 596 orders for sanitary improvement. Of the visits of inspection 511 were made in consequence of the existence of diarrhaea among the inmates of the houses and 46 because of fever. The markets and slaughter-houses have also been duly inspected, and the officers have seized 21,7061 b., or about 9 4 - tons of meat as unfit for human food. 17,9581 b. were seized in Newgate market, 1,5431 b. in Leadenhall, and 2,1051 b. in Ald gate. Of these, 5,4391 b. were putrid, 10,8271 b. were diseased, and 5,4401 b. were from animals that had died from natural causes. The seizure consisted of 98 sheep, 35 pigs, 1 calf, 150 quarters of beef, and 130 joints; besides which there were seized in Leadenhall-market, on account of putridity an d death from natural causes, 184 fowls, 67 rabbits, 256 (lucks, 102 pigeons, 17 hares, and 18 haunches and quarters of venison. All of it was sent to the boilers, and destroyed as food. The water from 12 of the emitoyuspuammpous amount t as of beensalin analysedsaline during the quarter, and the results, as in the former cases, show an enor mous there have b e e a e s a n e n mined, and in every t3h4 o o r i g t a h n e i cciimtyppuurinatyp.s exa mined, with surface drainage. There is has been fouled pumps that derives its supply of the London basin ; ana G uildhall-buildings, the deep strata te .b pump in Glover's-hall-court and that in excepting none of them furnish water that is fit for purposes. At the best of times some of theryeisetlide efit3tra7 one of these water which contains from 100 to 133 grains of saline and organic matter in the gallon, and all of them are excessively hard from the altered pro- , ducts of decomposition. The knowleage of the composition of the soil through which the water p a sses should warn us of the danger that may at at arise from its use. It may be that it l a i c al often been drunk with impunity, and that it +; n • but it cannot be that the pro shown any . immediate manifestation of ihtassraroarrbeliyfic ac... 0 , i into the human body 1 ducts of corruption can wi b th e 9u c t on d st 3 a4t e l r y oafdrni:g THE FSUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER; 23, 1861. ous mischief, and there is the still greater danger of the impurities of the soil passing un changed into the water, and being a source of quick and certain injury. The water from the city wells f t ahcet, soilit t i h s r o hardly h l c h e i sia s tann acdoens sewers, passeswrt o a em n irs t: hp y oaieun c rrd h e et a do in n i s g h i o n u g rTf i o n r chargedevery w dicti i r t e he o v n er w y it s h dra ins and species so s f corrupting refuse, which passes in variable propor tions into the porous strata from which the water is pumped. This ought to tell us, not merely of the disgUsting nature of the supply, but also of the dangers which lurk within it. Experience has shown that wells like these are liable at any mo ment to receive the leakings of a cesspool or a sewer, and thus be the immediate cause of fatal disease. In the autumn of 1854 there was a sudden and serious outbreak of cholera in the parish of St. James's, Westminster. The course of the disease was con fined to a small area in the neighbourhood of a favourite pump in Broad-street ; and soon it was remarked that of 73 persons who died during the first days of the visitation 61 had been drinking the water of the pump. It was also remarked that among persons who were living in the same street, and occasionally in the same houses,those only were attacked who drank the favourite water of the pump; in fact, in a number of cases which were par ticularly investigated it was ascertained that per sons who lived at a distance from the parish, and who had the water sent to them because of its sup posed goodness, were seized with cholera and died. A full inquiry into all the circumstances of the matter proved that the well had become charged with cesspool drainage, and had thus acquired its poisonous action. Again, in the cholera visitations of 1848-9 and 1853-4 there were two striking ex amples of the influence of such water in the propa gation of disease. The Southern districts of Lon don, comprising nearly a fifth of the population of the metropolis, were visited most severely with cholera at both of these outbreaks, and the persons who suffered most on each occasion were those who drank the worst quality of water. The inhabitants of those districts are supplied by two rival companies, who obtained their water from the Thames at diffe rentparts of its course. In one case the water was charged with a larger amount of organic matter than in the other ; and,althongh the conditions of the popu lation were in every other respect the same, yet this hai the effect of augmenting the mortality to a frightful extent. In the second visitation of the disease the circumstances of the supply were changed the water of the old company, which was once the worst, was then the best, and the severity of the disease was then changed likewise ; for those who partook of the still bad supply suffered as before, and there mortality was three and a half times greater than their neighbours. The town of New castle-upon-Tyne was supplied with comparatively pure water in the year 1849, and then it suffered but little from cholera ; whereas, in the visitation of 1853, when there was so calamitous a loss of life from this disease, the water supply was made im pure by the drainage from the sewers. The same effect was the result of the same cause in Hull, in 1849 ; and other examples may be cited, in which the converse happened, as at Exeter, where the in habitants, after having suffered severely from cholera in 1852, obtained pure water and escaped its ravages. Nor are the percolations from the gr aveyards of a city less injurious; experience has demonstrated that this also is a prolific source of disease. Sir James Macgregor relates that when the British army was in Spain about 20,000 soldiers were buried in a rather small space of ground; this was done in the course of two or three months, and soon the troops who drank the water from the wells of the neighbourhood were attacked with dysentery and malignant fevers. The cause of the mischief was clearly traced to the hardly recognizable im purity of the water from the shallow wells. Here, however, in the churchyards of this city, there are remains of ten times such a buried army undergoing decay; and in the whole of this metropolis, in a space of not more than 218 acres of soil, there were buried not long since as many as 50,000 dead in the year. In a generation of 30 years this would give us 1,500,000 of decom posing bodies in the surface soil of London ; and through these the water percolates to find its way into the porous stratum which supplies the shallow wells. At best the change of this corruption is but imperfect, and the presence of ammonia and saltpetre tells of the process of decay, and indicates the dan gers which accompany it. " All these considerations have forced upon Dr. Letheby the conclusion that water from rivers and surface wells, contaminated with the refuse of drains and the soakings from graveyards, is unfit for public use." The report, of which the above is an abstract, was ordered by the commission to be printed and circulated. AGRICULTURAL PROSPECTS IN IRELAND. The letters on Irish agriculture which have ap peared in these columns will have been interesting to people of all pursuits. Agriculture to Ireland means prosperity—nay, existence. In the other two kingdoms it is an imnortant—the most important— branch of industry. But both England and Scotland have other pursuits, and derive wealth from manu facturing the productions of foreign countries, or digging and working the minerals which nature has placed beneath their soil_ In this part of the United Kingdom the majority of the population is no longer dependent upon agriculture, and it has been found by the last Census that the proportion of agriculturists to manufacturers and miners and traders is steadily diminishing. Bat in Ireland ag riculture still rules supreme. Only a small popula tion, comparatively, is engaged in the manufactures of the North, or in trading pursuits in the large towns. An agricultural survey means an inquiry into the condition of the entire people. It means an examination of all the questions which have arisen during the present generation. Population, emigra tion, religion, crime, political feeling, the relation between Saxon and Celt, and all sorts of matters des tined to historical ethnological importance, depend on the pig and the potato, the wheatfield and the mea dow. Sincere, then, must our congratulations be when it is announced that in agriculture Ireland has made wonderful progress during the past ten years. This progress means not only a better fed and contented people, but it means tranquillity to the whole empire—it means the cessation of that bitter wail which, partly real and partly affected, raised the pity of the world, and gave our foreign rivals a never failing subject of invective against us. In reading the letters of our special correspondent, and comparing them with our reminiscences of a few years since, we are impressed with the fact that the greatest social change of this age has taken place at our doors. Such revolutions commonly make but little noise. Mexico or Hayti will be more talked about and written about in a year than a country which is reforming all its institutions will be in ten years. The overthrow of a legitimate despot or the brilliant career of a military adventurer will engage public attention, while the movement of a large population is studied only by a few economists and politicians. It now appears clear that the chief evil which afflicted Ireland in former times was a too great population. It may be said that other countries, such as England and Belgium, are able to support a more dense population in comfort and contentment., But these are countries where men have other re sources than the tilling of the soil. It would be as useless to compare London, which has its 3,000,000 souls within a few square 'miles, with a similar ex tent of ground in the country,as to compare England, wealthy from its many varieties of industry and from its world-wide trade, with Ireland, dependent only upon what it can raise from a soil fertile certainly, but checked in its powers of production by a damp and subless climate. Twenty years ago, before famine and emigration had done their work, the population of Ireland was over 8,000,000 souls. All but a small proportion of these were dependent on the coarsest food and the lowest kind of cultiva tion for their daily subsistence. They grew little be sides potatoes on their miserable holdings, to which they clung with a tenacity which made conspiracy and murder familiar instruments to there. The pigs which they bred almost in their houses were gene rally sold to pay the rent, and the cottier seldom had a taste of bacon to give a relish to the potatoes of which he consumed such a prodigious bulk. What ever may have been the faults of Ireland's social state, they were all insignificant in comparison with this. No Catholic Emancipation, no reform of the Church Establishment, could give these 8,000,000 people enough to eat. We doubt even if the Encum bered Estates Act and the transfer of property would have any effect on their condition. Indeed, it would have been impossible to tempt men to purchase as' long as these millions of gaunt and hungry Irishmen were weighing down property, and threatening to swallow up the whole income of the landlord. For such a culture as existed in Ireland 3,000,000 of people would have been enough, and here were 8,000,000, fighting and struggling for little spots of the earth's surface insufficient to feed a single family, or to give an able-bodied man two days' races. ez ttai Tl4e ,o r work - in the week. But the famine came, and then followed that remarkable emigration, which deserves to be recorded in the history of the movements of Ireland , P o u oo la , ti n ° e n a o rl f yt h the w h w o a i, a s o r f e d t u h c e e d e m t i o . grants being of that class of the peasantry which was deepest in miseryb • before 1847, and the greatest cheek on the pro The chance is of the country. w sufficiently correspondent gives a nurshe cheering. Our from statistical returns, others of facts, some taken own observation. While th r: i o i btained from his tots has so greatly diminifgr ,u sine of inhabi v4 tun moms? in agricultural wealth is most remarkable; so that the wellbeing of the people las advanced in a double ratio. The most extraoxlinary increase is in the numbers of live stock. 'The animals alto gether are 50 per cent. more nunerous than they were 20 years ago ; but cattle aid sheep have mul tiplied far more quickly than his. Horses have hardly increased since 1841; lgs, owing to the emigration of cottage feeders of lacon and pork, are actually much fewer; but the timber of sheep is 3,538,000 in 1860 against 2,160)00 in 1841 ; and the number of horned cattle is 3,600,000 in 1860 against 1,864,000 in 1841—that s, sheep have in creased more than 50 per cent. old cattle about 100 per cent. in 20 years." In the teantime 3,200,000 acres, being nearly one-sixth of the extent of Ire land, have been sold in the Etcumbered Estates Court, the sums realised amoulting in the whole to £23,000,000. Ireland is theefore now on the high road to prosperity, if not tcgreat wealth. The change in the condition of the Pasant is shown by the comparatively small number of those outrages which made Munster a field of hood. Wages have risen from Gd. and 10d. to is. 2d a•clay, and it may be said that political agitation iE dead and religious hatred is dying throughout th) island. But it would be untrue to say that Ireand even now is a model country. The deficiencie in its agriculture have been pointed out in these letters, and we need not recur to them here. But t may be observed that even now a fourth of the s)il of Ireland is un cultivated, and that, though nuch of this is bog or hill side, yet hundreds of ;housands of acres still wait the improving hand )f man to minister to a large population, and to tdd to the strength of the Empire. One remarkable change, however, is, we think, in store for Irelani, and perhaps Great Britain. No one can reflect on the prospects of agriculture as influenced by the wants of such masses of population as dwell it England and Scot land without feeling that a tine must come when the breeding of cattle and the growth of the crops they consume will be the chief occupation of the British farmer. Wheat can le pown over vast tracts of sunny territory in both hemispheres, and brought to this country at rates which, as new land comes under cultivation, are likely to become gradually lower. The climate of Irela*-a• *ho other heal , rringt nnsinitablo tv tne growth of wheat. In a land of rain and mist the wheat harvest must ever be a lottery. The tendency must then be, we think, to abandon this ungrateful culture, and to produce in larger quantities the increasingly valuable staple of butcher's meat. --Times. TEE CHICRESTER MURDER, CHICHESTER, OCT. 22. The adjourned inquest on the body of Jas. 0 uton was resumed this morning in the large room of the Dolphin Hotel before the coroner, Mr. Jas. Powell. The prisoner, John Cleary, was for the first time present at the examination. Shortly after the opening of the court the large room began gradu ally to fill with the people, and towards the middle of the day became much crowded. _ _ _ Thos. Flood sworn—The rifle produced is Cleary's rifle. I know it by the number-383. Patrick Mears sworn—l am a private in the 59th Regiment. I went to bed last Tuesday night, the 15th, between 7 and 8 o'clock. I belong to Com pany No. 12, the same as Cleary's. I saw him come into my hut about 9 o'clock, and throw his cap on the bed. He lay down on his bed with his clothes on. He said he was bad in his bowels from bad beer which he had had. At a quarter to 10 the lights were put out. A short time afterwards he went out. Three-quarters of an hour after he left I heard the noise of a gun. David Miller gave evidence to the same effect. John Woodham sworn—l am colour-sergeant in the 59th Foot, now stationed at Chichester. I know the prisoner Cleary. On Tuesday, the 15th inst., about half-past 10 o'clock at night, from in formation I received, I went to the prisoner's hut, which I searched. I found his rifle and 10 rounds of ammunition gone. I produce his pouch and the 10 rounds left. A light jacket was found in the hut, and his forage cap. Wm. Dawtrey, sworn—l live in Chichester. On on the night of October 15, at half-past 10 o'clock, on passing the old gravel-pit, about a mile from the city, and 700 to 800 yards from the barracks, I was startled by seeing the flash and hearing the report of a gun. The man who fired it was on my right hand, the barrack side, and 70 or 80 yards from the road. James Jolliffe, sworn—l am a farm labourer, and live at Ashling. On the night of October 15 I was coming from Funtington towards Ashling about 12 or 1 o'clock that night. Wm. Sheppard was with me. I saw a man under the hedge about 100 yards from East Ashling. He was standing up. I saw a rifle piece under his arm. Charles Cowper, sworn—l am a farm labourer and shepherd, living at Funtington. On the even of Wednesday, Octooer 16th, I was at the Fox and Hounds publichouse, Funtington, between 7 and 8 o'clock. While there a person of light complexion, with no whiskers, came in with a long, dark rough coat on. The prisoner was here directed to stand up, and his cap was put on. Witness--I cannot swear to the man, but I be lieve him to be the same man that came into the inn. George Wm. Reed, sworn—l am a carpenter at West Ashling. lam a member of the Sussex Vo lunteer Rifle Corps. On Wednesday night, the 16th inst., I was standing near Mr. Russell's gate, at the side of the main road at East Ashling. About half past 9 or 10 o'clock I saw a man coming towards me from Funtington. He had under his right arm a gun or a rifle. The rifle produced is like the one he had. Charles Stringer-1 am a police sergeant of the city of Chichester. On the night of Oct. 16, at about a quarter to 12 o'clock, I was at Northgate, Chi chester, near the Sun publichouse. I saw a young man come round into Franklyn-place from North gate. It was Outon, who passed me. Pullen joined me, at which time we heard a loud report of firearms, followed by a scream, apparently from the New Broyle-road, going towards the barracks. We went to the barracks on our way. We saw no one but the infirmary surgeon. I, with the barrack police, searched the barracks. While there Pullen sent for assistance. I afterwards saw the deceased at Mr. Parrington's house. It was the same person who passed me in Franklyn-place. John Parnell, sworn—l am superintende n t o f police of the Midhurst division. From information I received on Thursday, the 17th of October, I went in pursuit of the prisoner. I met him in the turn pike-road between Petworth and Ceultersham. I said, " I charge you with the wilful murder of a young gentleman, a student of Bish o p Ott er ' s Col lege, last night, at 12 o clock, by shooting." He said, " You have got the wrong man ; I am only a deserter, and left Chichester two days ago ." H e said, " How could I commit a murder ? I have no thing to do it with." Henry Grant, a police constable of the Midhurst division, gave evidence to the same l eff a e na ct' Armoury Sergeant Lewis H at e C n h ry ich l e V s hel te e rß er a ' rracks. I examined the rifle produced last night. It is numbered 383, and belonged to the 59th depot. It was loaded with Go vernment ball cartridge. It was not capped. I drew the charge. I have been a c ti ng as Armoury Ser geant to the regiment three years last Aug us t. Th e rifle had been fired off since it was last cleaned. Michael Quin, sworn —I am a private of the 73d Regiment of Foot. On Thu rs d ay morn i ng , t h e 17th October, I went in search of the prisoner. On searching the fields, about three or four fields from the College, in a water meadow leading to the White Swan, I found the rifle produced, concealed under some bushes near the watercourse. Richard Clark, sworn—l am a po li ce consta b le of the city of Chichester. On Friday morning, the 18th inst., I saw the pri soner i n t h e po li ce - stat i on at E n sgate in his cell—fro m 6 in the morning to 9 at night. Ho said he slept i n a woo d on W e d nes d ay night this side of Petworth. I said, " What time did you leave the barracks ?" He replied, " About 10 o'clock on Tuesday evening, and I went to Littleharapton that night." I asked him who com manded his depot. He replied, " Major B us h e , who would hang me if he could." On Sunday he said it was reported in barracks that Major Bushe had been shot at in China t w i ce , an d th a t th e M a j or knew who did i it. I said, " What did th e sol diers say about t?" He replied, " Some said it was a dirty action ; others, that he deserved it." Superintendent Everett, sworn—l produce a rifle, No. 383. It was found in a field through which runs a footpath leading into the high road. The statement made by the deceased, that the soldier ran away towards Chichester, would indicate this pathway. David Miller recalled—There were 12 men in the hut on Tuesday night, the 15th inst. Cleary was the only man absent, except one who was in hospi. tal. On the night of the 16th the prisoner was the only man absent. He said, "he should not do the drill," or " he'd drill some of them," or words to that effect. The Coroner having summed up, the jury retired, and after an absence of a quarter of an hour re turned a verdict of wilful murder agaiat John Cleary. The inquiry did not terminate until past 5 o'clock, some 400 persons being present during the day. During the six months ending in Sept., 1860, the Peninsular and Oriental Co.'s steamers conveyed to the east gold to the value of £1,102,383, and silver to the value of £5,493,010. During the six months ending last Sept. the steamers conveyed gold to the value only of £684,110, and silver to the value only of £4,494,182, showing a fall ing off of nearly half a Willi()); of E91(1 and, abgAt tif of oily% RUNNING THE BLOCKADE. We suggested a fortnight ago that the most effec tual blockade of any Southern port where such a measure is possible —as, for instance, Charleston and Savannah—would be to render its channel im passable. To escape the vigilance of a cruising squadron is not, as all history proves, a difficult matter, and the facility of doing so in this age of steamships is immensely increased. In all the Euro- , pean wars of the last 75 years where blockades have been attempted, the trade carried on with the inter dicted countries has been immense, in spite of fleets ; it is idle to expect that our own prohibition of com merce along our hundreds of miles of sea coast is to prove an exception. How many ships and other vessels have run in and out of Southern ports, what quantities of arms, of provisions, and munitions of war have been thus conveyed to the rebel forces within the last three months it is impossible to tell ; but, as we know that the war was not undertaken without careful forethought, that the conspirators used Floyd, long before the rebellion was an overt act, to disarm the Govern ment, to deprive it of a navy, and to secure for themselves the weapons which they have turned against it, so it is not at all likely that they neg lected other means to put themselves in a condition to carry out their treasonable purposes. Certainly if they made arrangements to purchase arms in Europe, as seems highly probable, they have been successful in running them into Southern ports, for none that we know of have ever been intercepted. Nor is the British steamship Bermuda, reported to have gone into Savannah a few days ago laden with arms, the only vessel that has thus carried aid and comfort to the enemy. That the Ber muda has been thus successful we have no doubt. A gentleman arrived here last week from Savan nah, by way of Louisville, assures us of the fact, and as he is vouched for to us as a man on whose word implicit reliance may be placed, we see no reason for doubting his statement. It is in itself, moreover, entirely credible. He assures us that Mr. Edward C. Anderson, as ex-Mayor of Savannah, went over to England in Lord Ducie's yacht America, which was, if our memory serves us, in the port of Charleston some time in June, for the express purpose of buying arms. The Ber muda was sent out by Mr. Anderson and bruu K ut 6,500 Enfield rifles purchased by him. This we understand from our informant is only one instal ment of Mr. Anderson's purchases, as three to five more steamers are looked for with confidence at Savannah, all to bring arms. The Bermuda gets, of course, a high freight on these arms, but her profit will be still larger on a return cargo of cotton, should she be as fortunate in getting out as she was in getting in; and the double chance of a good voyage both ways is inducement enough for all these steamers to take the risk of capture. The Bermuda, it seems, was expected, and may possibly have been signalled somewhere on the coast. At any rate, at a precise moment to suit her conve nience a heavy cannonading was opened at a dis tant post by the rebels, and the blockading squadron hastened thither to ascertain its cause. When out of sight the Bermuda slipped in. She took a risk which there are always men ready enough to take in time of war with the hope of great gain, and we, of course, are without remedy. Were Savannah c l ose d by proclamation as a port of entry we might have some ground of complaint to urge to the British Government at the evasion of our laws by her subjects. But, as the case now stands, her sufficient and very proper answer would be, " You have proclaimed a blockade, and the whole world has a right to break it if you can't maintain its integrity." But if one department of Government does not think it best to close Savan nah by law, we pray that another department will close it with hulks. Two or three fn the channel off Tybee Light a fortnight ago would have been a loss to the rebels of 6,500 Enfield rifles and the sale of a cargo of cotton. If done now it will prevent the entrance of the expected steamers, and it is better to rely on a material obstacle so impassable than upon the chance of the squadron not being again enticed away by some new " dodge," or the luck king next time with our ships. The loss is too much and the gain too small on our side, while the rebel gain is too great and the loss only that of adventurers, for us to leave anything to chance in this matter where it can be avoided.—New York Tribune. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. GLOUCESTER RACE S.-TUESDAY. The Badminton Stakes of 3 sovs each, with 20 added, for all ages; mares and geldings allowed 31b, with selling allowances. One mile. Mr. Stevens's Violet, 2 yrs (L 80), Est (car. bat 21b) _ _ (Pearson) 1 Mr. York's The Principal, 2 yrs (£150), Est 10Th (Wheatley) 2 Mr. 11. J. Smith's Avongrove, 2 yrs (RSO), 6st 31b (car. Gst 41b) (Woodhouse) 3 Mr. J. Land's Dunoon, 2 yrs (£SO), Est 31b.. (J. Reeves) 4 Mr. Adams's Wortham, 3 yrs (00), 7st 121b(11. Taylor) 5 The following also ran :—Joy, Ludlow, Maid of Peru, Whimsical, and Couleur-de-Rose. Betting-5 to 2 agst The Principal, 7to 2 agst Dunoon, 5 to 1 each agst `Northam and Couleur-de-Rose, 7 to 2 agst The running was alternately made by Dunoon, The Principal, and Avongrove, until rounding the turn for home, where Violet passed Avongrove and Dunoon, and reaching The Principal at the half distance, raced in with him neck and neck to within a couple of strides of home, where Violet got her head in front, and won a good race in by a head ; four lengths between the second and third ; Dunoon and Wortham close up ; Whimsical last, beaten off. The Innkeepers' Plato of 30 sovs, added to a handicap sweepstakes of 5 sovs each. Winners extra. One mile. 36 subs. Mr. S. Jacob's Bookaloom, 3 yrs, 6st 21b (car. Est 41b) (Roper) 1 Mr. J. Clerk's Dotterell, 3 yrs, Est (Cannon) 2 Mr. J. B. Starky's Nativity, 3 yrs, Est 131 b (G. Parsons) 3 Mr. J. Turner's Jackall, 3 yrs, Est 91b (Woodhouse) 4 Mr. J. Wood's Caliban, 3 yrs, Est 41b (E. Taylor) 5 Betting-5 to 4 agst Jackall, 2to 1 agst Caliban, 4to 1 each agst Bookaloom and Nativity. Caliban was the first off, and led at a good pace, followed by Bookaloom and Jackall, Nativity:and Dotterell several lengths in the rear. In this order they came up to the railway turn, where Bookaloom left Caliban and Jackall, and before entering the straight was half-a-dozen lengths in front. After this he came on at his leisure, and won easily by two lengths. Nativity was a bad third, Jackall several lengths behind her, fourth. Caliban broke a blood vessel a quarter of a mile from home, was pulled up, and trotted in last. A Farmer's Plate of 25 sous, added to a Sweepstakes of 3 Bove each, for horses bone ,fide the property of the nomi nator and regularly hunted during the season. To be ridden by farmers or gentlemen, not professionals, Winners extra. One mile and a half. Mr. Chapman's Gift, 5 yrs, 12st 31b (including 101 b ex.) (Mr. Bryer) 1 Mr. Smith's Perseverance, aged, 12st 101 b (in. 101 b ex.) (Mr. Harraway) 2 Mr. Denton's The Corporal, aged, 12st (Mr. Blake) 3 Mr. Dowding's Holdfast, 6 yrs, 12st (Owner) 4 Betting-7 to 2 on Gift. The Corporal had a slight lead when passing the Stand the first time, Gift laying off until nearing the railway turn, when Gift, who was pulling hard, closed with the two leaders, and at the distance had them safe ; Gift then came on and won without an effort by aneck: The Corporal was a bad third ; Holdfast beaten off. The Gloucestershire Handicap of 10 sovs each, 2 ft, with 50 added, for 3-yr-olds and upwards. Winners extra. One mile. 33 subs. Mr. F. Bell's Gleam, 3 yrs, 6st 101 b (J. Reeves) 1 Lord Coventry's Flitch, 5 yrs, Bst 21b (L. Snowden) 2 Mr. Dray's Noblesse, .? yrs, Gst 21b (G. Parsons) 3 The following also ran :—Fitzavon, Atherstone, Miss Eleanor, Billy Dwindles, Conqueror, Sycophant, The Don, Redpole, Confession, Acco, and Wortham. Betting-3 to 1 agst Billy Dwindles, 6to 1 agst Gleam, 6 to 1 agst Flitch, 7 to 1 agst Noblesse, 8 to 1 each agst Acco and Redpole, 100 to 8 agst Confession, 10 to 1 each agst The Don and Miss Eleanor, 100 to 6 agst Conqueror, 20 to 1 agst Northam. After a couple of false starts with Sycophant and Red pole, the signal was given, when Sycophant was several lengths in the rear; Billy Dwindles, Redpole, Flitch, and Noblesse heading the lot, with Gleam and Acco close at their quarters. On rounding the bottom turn Redpole deprived Billy Dwindles of the lead, the two coming on in front to the turn for home, where both were beaten, and Flitch, with Gleam and Noblesse close up, cams first into the straight. At the half-distance Gleam had caught Flitch, and in a few strides was leading, was never headed, and won in a most easy manner by three lengths; Flitch beating Noblesse for second place by two lengths. Wor tham and Confession close up, fifth and sixth, Sycophant and Fitzavon bringing up the rear. Conqueror, when go ing round the first turn towards the Willows hung so much to the left that he ran against a couple of flagstaffs and sent them flying. On rounding the turn for home he ran against one of the posts and came down on his head, rolling over little Parson, who was not severely hurt, as he soon got up and walked to the weighing-room. Conqueror immediately jumped up and bolted round the course. Handicap Hurdle Race of 3 soya each, with 20 added. Over four flights of hurdles. Winners extra. Ono mile and a quarter. Mr. T. Patrick's Kington, 4 yrs, 9st (G. Smith) 1 Mr. J. Weymer's The Miler (h. b.), aged, 9st 71b (Et. Sly, jun.) 2 Mr. Marshall's Emily Harris (late The Nun), 4 yrs, gst 71b (G. Holmer) 3 Yorkshire Grey, Mary Stuart, Eheu, Estella, and Gril lade also ran. Betting-6 to 4 agst Estella, 4 to 1 agst The Miller, and 6 to 1 agst Emily Harris. Estella went off at a fearful pace, flying the hurdles in fine style, Eheu following in her wake, second ; Emily Harris next, Grillado and Yorkshire Grey heading the re plaint*, with, Pl 9 Miller loot, all the let geiPEl (Mr the hurdles in fine style. In this order they went along the bottom of the course, when Eheu went up to Estella, the pair coming away:several lengths in advance up to the Rail way turn, where both dropped back, and Kington, with Emily Harris, took first and second places. At the half distance The Miller made his effort (having laid so far from his horses in the early part of the race), but failed to reach Kington, who won cleverly by two lengths, half a length separating the second and third; Eheu was a good fourth, Mary Stuart and Yorkshire Grey close up, fifth and sixth; Grillade and Estella both beaten off a long way. LATEST BETTING ON THE COURSE. CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 9to 2 agst Henham Lass (taken) 25 to 1 agst Limeflower (taken freely) BETTING AT MANCHESTER..-TUESDAY. The doings on the Cambridgeshire proceed but slowly; sto 1 was freely offered on the field. Asteroid was a little more in request to-day, 10 to 1 being taken. The Fay animal that was supported to much money was Limeflower, but she did not advance beyond 100 to 3 (taken). There seems to be plenty of hedging money to be got off Came rino. 25 to 1 was freely offered. The last bet we saw booked about him was 1,000 to 30. 40 to 1 was laid to a little money against Gridiron. Closing prices : CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 11 to 2 agst Henham Lass (wanted) 10 to 1 agst Asteroid (taken) 12 to 1 agst The Roe (taken and offered) 16 to 1 agst Confectioner (taken) 30 to 1 agst Ivanhoff (taken) 33 to 1 agst Baron Munchausen (taken and offered) 33 to 1 agst Limeflower (taken) 33 to 1 agst Camerino (taken) 33 to 1 agst Donner and Blitz (offered) 33 to 1 agst Palestro (offered) 40 to 1 agst Gridiron (taken) 40 to 1 agst Wizard (offered) 40 to 1 agst Rameses (offered) 40 to 1 agst Doefoot (offered) 50 to 1 agst Precise (taken and offered) 50 to 1 agst Sawcntter (offered) 1000 to 10 agst Libellous (taken) THE DERBY. 12 to 1 agst The Marquis (taken) 1000 to 15 agst Tolurno (taken) FROM THE GAZETTE 01? LAST NIGHT. CITY OF LINCOLN. The Gazette contains the Speaker's warrant for issuing a new writ for the electing of a member to serve in Parlia ment for the city of Lincoln, in the room of Major Gervaise Tottenham Waldo Sibthorp, deceased. WAR-OFFICE, PALL-MALL, OCT. 22. Ist Regiment of Life Guards—The Hon. Maurice Wing. field to be Cornet and Sub-Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Hessey, promoted. Ist Dragoon Guards—Captain Fitzhardinge Jones, from 12th Lancers, to be Captain, vice Henry Marlow Sidney, who exchanges. Bth Hussars—John Cooke, Gent., late 2d Lieutenant, Tip perary Artillezy Militia, to be Cornet, by purchase, vice Daniel Dudley Valentine Maher, who retires. 9th Lancers—William Charles Chitty Erskine, Gent., to be Cornet, by purchase, vice Floyd, promoted. 12th Lancers—Captain Henry Marlow Sidney, from Ist Dragoon Guards, to be Captain, vice Fitzhardinge Jones, who exchanges. 18th Hussars—John Parkinson, Gent., to be Cornet, by purchase, vice Fuller, promoted. Military Train—Lieutenant Henry Adams has been per mitted to retire from the Service by the sale of his Com- mission. 3d Regiment of Foot—Major Thomas George Gardiner, from half-pay Unattached, to be Major, vice Henry John King, who retires upon half -pay ; Ensign Charles James Hamilton, to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice George Thomas Gape, who retires ; Wm. Synge Cooper, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Hamilton. 4th Foot—Lieutenant George H. Ditto®, to be Instructor of Musketry, vice Captain J. W. Laurie, promoted to an Unattached majority. 6th Foot—Captain and Brevet-Major Edward Lister Green, from the 77th Foot, to be Captain, vice John Augustus Staines, who exchanges. 12th Foot—Major Edward Geo. Hibbert, to be Lieutenant- Colonel, by purchase, vice Brevet-Colonel John Max well Perceval, C. 8., who retires upon half-pay ; Captain James William Espinasse, to be Major, by purchase, vice Hibbert ; Lieutenant Coningsby Michael Harward to be Captain, by purchase, vice Espinasse; Ensign Ed ward Charles Colley Foster to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Harward; Joseph Boulton, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Foster. 14th Foot—Assistant-Surgeon William Henry Jenkins, from the 84th Foot, to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice John Martin Hyde, who exchanges. 18th Foot—Staff Surgeon-Major James Alexander Fraser, M.D., to be Surgeon, vice Thomas Crawford, M.D., ap • pointed to the staff. 19th Foot—Ensign Edgar Angelo Dickenson to be Lieute nant, without purchase, vice Conynghame Jours Backas, deceased. 21st Foot—Ensign Michael Thunder to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Francis Nevil Reade, who retires; En sign Clement John Sneyd to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice William Henry Slingsby Beamish, who retires ; Ernest Theodore Evans, Gent., to be Ensign, by pur chase, vice Sneyd; George Herbert Burrows, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Thunder. 23d Foot—John Joseph Mahon, Gent., to be Ensign, with out purchase, vice Hay promoted ; Lieutenant Samuel William Ralph Sadler to be Instructor of Musketry, vice Lieutenant Geo. Packe, who has resigned that ap pointment. 24th Foot—Gentleman Cadet Albert Frank Adams, from the Royal Military College, to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Philip Ccnolly, appointed to the 81st Foot. 35th Foot—Assistant••Surgeon John Clarke, M.D., from the 13th Foot, to be Assistant •Surgeon, vice John Mahon, who retires. 48th Foot—Lieutenant Reginald Pennell to be Instructor of Musketry, vice Lieutenant Edward Feneran, pro- moted. ad Foot—Captain John Thomas French, from the 96th Foot, to be Captain, vice the Hon. Debonnaire John Monson, who exchanges. 67th Foot—Herbert Reid Lempriere, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Price, promoted. 68th Foot—Ensign John Pitts Briggs to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Edward Deshon, who retires. 72d Foot—Assistant-Surgeon Alex, Campbell M'Tavish, from the 60th Foot, to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice Theo dore William Rutter, M.D., resigned. 74th Foot—Sergeant-Major Charles M‘Lagan, to be Quartermaster, vice George Watson, deceased. 77th Foot—Captain John Augustus Staines, from 6th Foot, to be Captain, vice Brevet-Major , Edwaid Lister Green, who exchanges. 78th Foot—Lieut. Melville Augustus Walker to be Captain, by purchase, vice Brevet-Major Jas. Duncan M'Andrew, who retires; Ensign Alex. Balfour Ker Williamson to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Walker ; John Lacey Morley, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase,viceWilliamson. 81st Foot—Ensign Win. Augustus Claude Stuart-Menteth to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Pane, promoted, by purchase, in the St. Helena Regiment ; Ensign Philip Conolly, from the 24th Foot, to be Ensign, vice Stuart- Menteth. 84th Foot—Assistant-Surgeon John Martin Hyde, from the 14th Foot, to be Assistant -Surgeon, vice Wm. Plenry Jenkins, who exchan g es. 91st Foot—Lieut. John Edward Burton to be Captain, by purchase, vice Charles Goddard Dewell, who retires ; Ensign. Henry Cesar Kemm to be Lieutenant, by pur chase, vice Burton ; William Cecil Hinton, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Kemm. 96th Foot—Capt. the Hon. Debonnairo John Monson, from the 52d Foot, to be Captain, vice John Thomas French, who enchanges. 3d West India Regiment—Capt. Alexander Dunlop to be Major, by purchase, vice Frederick George Nuttall Clarke, who retires ; Liout. Frederick C. Clifton to be Captain, by purchase, vice Dunlop. St. Helena Regiment—Lieut. Henry John Pane, from 81st Foot, to be Captain, by purchase, vice Edmund Charles Barnes, who retires. _ _ Royal Newfoundland Companies—Ensign Wm. Cavanagh to be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Daniel Edward Daly, deceased. UNATTACHED.—Lieut. Thomas Gardiner, from the 98th Foot, to be Captain, without purchase. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. Staff Surgeon-Major Robert Thomas Scott, who' retires upon half-pay, to have the honorary ran k of Deputy In spector-General of Hospitals. Surgeon Thomas Crawford, M.D., from the 18th Foot, to be Staff-Surgeon, vice Surgeon-Major Fraser, appointed to the 18th Foot. Assistant-Surgeon William Langworthy Baker, from the 10th Foot, to be Staff Assistant-Surgeon, vice Opie Smith, placed upon half-pay. BREVET. The undermentioned promotions to take place consequent on the death of General Dennis Herbert on the 19th Sep tember, 1861 : Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Erskine Napier, Colonel of the 71st Foot, to be General. Major-General Henry Lo-,q Rokeby, K.C.8., Colonel of the 77th Foot, to be Lieutenant -General. Brevet-Colonel Cha-.•les Trollope, C. 8., Lieutenant- Colonel, half-pay 62r'., Foot, to be Major-General. Lieutenant-Colonel Charles John Foster, 16th Lancers, to bo Colonel. Major JobJa Cowell Bartley, sth Foot, to be Lieutenant- Colonel. Captain George Frederick Berry, 24th Foot, to be Major. Lieutenant-Colonel Isaac Moore, Depot Battalion, hav ing completed five years' service as Lieutenant-Colonel, to be Colonel in the Army, under the Bth clause of the Royal Warrant of the 14th October, 1858. Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Lawrence Shadwell, Major on half-pay Unattached, having completed five years' service as Lieutenant-Colonel under the Bth clause of the Royal Warrant of 14th October, 1858, to be Colonel in the Army. The Commission of Honorary Captain conferred on Lieu tenant William Hughes, Paymaster 82d Foot, on the 24th May, 1861, to be antedated Ist April, 1861. ADMIRALTY, OCT. 18 * Corps of Royal Marines—Second Lieutenant Edward Jam es Westby to be First Lieutenant, vice Ileaketh, removed from List of Officers of the Corps. BANKRUPTS. Lewisham-hill, Kent. Middlesex, licensed victualler, Gravesend, Robert Louisa rd J C l : v n w k a t s t a s , l :L n c ß Je l i e h e in h n a o t B tina Cargill, thaerbcioc.allneg, College. Bromley, Joseph Evans, builder, Wimbledon and Clapham. John Willson Howell, builder, Tottenham, John Lea, Sewardstone and Forest -gate, E ssex . Joseph Smith, tailor, Lombard-street. John Williams, printer, King-street, Bloomsbury. Albert Dummler, Grove Hill-terrace, Camberwell. Joseph Sumpton, corn chandler, Ux bridge -road, Ealing. Win. Knight, hair dresser, Ba ker - street, Walworth road, Camberwell. John Stevens, builder, Lonsdale-road, Bayswater. Wm. John Henry Ivens, far Osbornmer, Water Eaton' Buckinghamshire. , accoun,tf...ii City. t, Broad- s t ree t-b u ildi ng s, Edward Barwick, litil street, London. P igrapher, Union- s t ree t, Old B roa d- William Cribb-, 'prisoner i n th e Queen's Prison. Samuel Hall, gentleman Grove, Emt Dulwich' 44704 J Ameg Miles Matthews, licensed victualler, Birmingham. John Hawthorn, builder, Burslem, Staffordshire. . Charles Smithies, commercial agent, Leeds. John Wilson, coffee-house keeper, Edgware-road. John Teesdale Softley, plumber, Wandsworth. Joseph Paull, farmer, Upper atford, Hants. Joseph Sowerby and Charles Thomas Talton, drapers, Regent-circus. William Thomas Hendry, ironmonger, Cannon-street West, City. George Baldry, farmer, Chesterton, Cambridgeshire. James Atkins, butcher, Archer-street, Kensington-park, Middlesex. Edwin Morecraft, picture dealer, Burlington-arcade, Pic • cadilly. George Wilmshurst, surgeon, Birmingham. Henry Leigh Jones, draper, Leather-lane, Holborn. William Booty, farmer, Worlington, Suffolk. Richard Barnes Austin, gentleman, Tenbury, Worces tershire. Sampson Goodheim, cloth cap manufacturer, Manchester. Richard Carr Stonehouse, corn factor, Darlington. George Wood, timber merchant, Monkwearmouth. John Tomlinson and John Sharpies, joiners, Manchester. Robert "[Trio, joiner, Manchester. Jonathan Pell, mining agent, Cefn-Gwyn,' Cardigan shire. SCOTCH BANKRUPTS. Cooper and Co., milliners, Glasgow. John M'Pherson, grocer, Oban. Miss Isabella Miller, Albany-street, Edinburgh. Alexander Thomson, grocer, Kirkintilloch. John Robertson, farmer, Middleton of Rottearns, Perth shire. James Grant, carter, Grantown, Inverness-shire. HEALTH OF LONDON _DURING THE WEEK. (From the Registrar-General's Weekly Return.) The return of births and deaths in London, issued by authoritylof the Registrar-General, states that the deaths in London, which had previously ranged above 1,100 in a week, fell to 1,065 in the week that ended last Saturday. After correction is made for cholera epidemics within the period of compari son, it will be found that the deaths of last week were less by about 50 than they would have been if the average rate or mortality in corresponding weeks of 10 previous years had prevailed. The births in last week exceeded the deaths in the same time by 781. The mortality from measles is reduced in a re markable degree, only two deaths from this com plaint having been returned in the week ; one of these in Marylebone, the other in Hampstead. There were six from sraall-pox, two of which were in Mile-end and three in Poplar. On the other hand scarlatina is clearly on the increase, and it was re corded in 87 cases in the week, besides 17 cases ix which diphtheria was the cause of death. Five deaths from scarlatina occurred in Camden-town, 11 in Islington, 6 in Bethnal-green, 7 in the Christ church sub-district of Southwark. There were 36 death from whooping cough and typhus severally, and 34 from diarrhoea. Zymotic diseases in the aggregate produced 286 deaths, while the corrected average of corresponding weeks is 332. Three nonagenarians, all widows, died in the week, of whom the oldest were 95 and 98 years respectively. Two children, both of the ago of 6 months, died from erysipelas after vaccination. In one case the erysipelas commenced a fortnight after the operation. A man in St. Luke's Hospital, aged 44 years, died of " English cholera; " and a girl of 16 years died of cholera at 2, Andrew's-build ings, Woolwich. A boy, aged two years, died from the effects of a deadly poison called novar gent,' taken accidentally and in ignorance." (In quest.) It is stated that this composition contains nitrate of silver, is sold in small bottles by chemists, and used after having been mixed with whitening, for renovating plated articles. Last week the births of 954 boys and 892 girls, in all 1,846 children, were registered in London. In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1851-60 the average number was 1,606. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height of the barometer in the week was 29.952 in. The mean daily reading was above 30 in. on Wed nesday and Thursday. The barometer rose to 30.17 in. on Thursday, and it fell to 29.74 in. on Sa turday. The mean temperature of the air in the week was 54.6 deg., which is 4.9 deg. above the average of the same week in 48 years (as deter mined by Mr. Glaisher). The mean daily tempera ture was above the average throughout the week : and ,on Monday this excess was as much as 12.2 deg. COUN7BY MARKETS. BRISTOL—OcT. 22. At our market to-day there was Wfair attendance of millers, but very little business was done; prices were is higher than last Tuesday for English wheat, and the same for foreign. Oats dull. Indian corn is advance on late quotations ; peas is to 2s dearer NEWCASTLE-UNDER , LYNE-OCT. 21. At this corn market there was a fair supply of wheat, which met an active demand ; prices improved is to 2s on the previous week—white making 58s to 663, red 48s to 575. The demand for barley was rather better, and the same in value. Oats were in fair show, with a steady sale, from 24s to 32s per 24 stone. Beans scarce, and held at extreme rates, from 465 . t0 50s per qr. LEEDS—OcT. 22. The reported arrivals of grain are good, both by vessels and railway. We have had a fair demand to-day for both old and new wheat of fine quality at an advance of is upon last week's currencies. Fine barley commands fully late rates. Oats and beans steady. MELTON MOWBRAY—OcT. 21. There was a limited show of wheat to-day, which sold at fully 2s over last week's prices, with a fair attendance. Barley a middling show, and late rates supported. For oats quotations were steady. Prices :—White wheat, 55s Od to 60s1 Od ; red, 48s Od to 57s per 36 stone ; beans firm, at 48s to 50s for old ; new sorts, —s per 38 st. ; barley, 36s to 42s for malting, and 29s to 32s per qr. for grinding; oats, 25s to 35s Od per 24 stone. SLEAFORD—OcT. 21. The attendance was fair to-day, with a limited supply of wheat. Trade moderate, and former rates fully is dearer. White wheat ruled at 56s to 635, red 49s to 58s per qr. New wheat, —s to —s. Barley was in limited supply, and at late prices-28s to 38s; oats ruled steady at full prices, 24s to 275; new, —s to —s ; beans at from 46s tosos ; peas, ---8 to —5. FOREIGN MAIL PACKET LIST. MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton. Oct 19 . . via Marseille; Oct. —. Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Nov. 4. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Nov. 1. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton Oct. 19. _, via Marseilles ...Oct. —. Falkland Islands .... Gibraltar, via Southampton India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton—Oct. 19. via Marseilles Oct. —. India (Bombay), via Southampton Oct. 26. ---. via Marseilles Oct. 20. Lisbon Malta, Egypt, awl ,Aden, via Southampton Oct 19. via Marseilles Oct. —. Newfoundland ..., _Oct. 30. Oporto and Vigo .. Oct. 21. - U. S. and British iN. America, by Brit. packet Oct. 24: by U.S. packet by Canadian packet. Oct. 16. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, K and Teneriffe Oct. 10. Bahamas, via New York Oct. 24. Mexico . ....Oct. 29. Peru, All parts of West In.dies, including Chili, California,and British Columbia.. Oct. 29. [ADVERTISEMEN lA—Holloway's Pills.—Health for the Many.—The univer rsality, harmless composition, and cheapness of these inestimable Pills have won for them their present fame. They cannot injure the system; no mercurial, mineral, or other poisonous agent enters into their composition. Their components are the finest balsams, extracted with the greatest care, and mixed together with the nicest accuracy. Holloway's Pills are unrivalled for curing: headache, loss of appetite, indiges tion, flatulency, ceimitipation, and other di s orders of the stomach and bowels. They stimulate, or otherwise regu late the liver. They so thoroughly purify the blood that in its circuit through. its vessels and c a pillaries it diffuses fresh life and vigour throughout the whole frame, and gives tone to the body and mind. BIRTHS. BARKER.—On the 201 h inst., at Croydon, the wife of John Bo ß o a T r it ice .— r, Ci E n sq th'eof2lasdt a in u s g t h ., te a r t . Twickenham, the wife of G. the 19th inst., in Dublin, the Lady Lurgan, of a sou. O K EOVER.—On the 22d i nst., at 9, Chesterfield-street, Mayfair, the Hon. 'Mrs. Okeover, of a daughter. LuoßnfooaoAt daughter.h.—EsOg 3 lARRIAGE S. SMITH — CRAWSIIII/ . —On the 22d inst., at St. Michael's, Chester-square, the Rev. Barnard Smith, M.A., rector of Glaston, Rutlandshire, to Clara, daughter of the late Richard Crawshay, Esq., of Ottershaw-park, Surrey. VIN ES — HoLmArr.—On the 14th inst., at the parish church, Clifton, Mr. Henry Vines, of Glencairn Villa, Clifton, to Eliza, daughter of Captain Holman, R.N., and niece of the celeb ra t e d bli n d t rave ll er , th e late James Holman, Esq., R.N., F.R.S., &c. DEATHS. COPELAND.—On the 13th September, at Neemuch, aged 22 years, Les lie Copeland, Esq., Bombay Civil Service, fourth surviving son of Mr. Alderman Copeland, M.P. CHAPMAN.—On the pith inst., at the Rectory, Balsham, Cambridgeshire, the Rev. W. Herbert Chapman, M.A., rector, aged 78. DEAN.—On the 19th. inst., at 2, Upton Villas, Kilburn, H Dean, Esq., aged SO. EVERETT.—On the , 18th inst., at his residence, Southland Villa, Slaugham, Sussex, Richard John Everett, Esq., late H.E.1.C.5., aged 76. FORESTER.—On the 22d inst., at his residence, 31 , Saint James's-place, Major Francis Forester, brother of the late Lord Forester. GLENNIE.—On the 20th inst., at Devonshire-street, John Irving Glennie, Esq., aged 65. LLOYD.—On the 20th. inst., the Rev. W. Lloyd, rector of Dray' on, aged 74. WADE.—On the 2Lst inst., at Bath, Colon e l Si r Claude 11i Wade, Kt., C. 8. , aged 67. LONDON : Printed and Published by 11.1UP,D0 YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TilE SUN Ottlo e, No. 112,Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the cowaty of Middi*ex, WedllgOdaY, Q9tObV A8(31. .' ;~ ~;