The Sun. — London, England, 1856-08-27 00:00:00

REPORT ON UNWHOLESOME MEAT. The Metropolitan Association of Medical Officers of Health, at their monthly meeting in June, con sidering the above a subject of great public import ance, appointed a committee, consisting of Dr. Letheby, Dr. R. D. Thompson, Dr. Barnes, Mr. Liddle, Dr. Gibbon, and Dr. Druitt—with Dr. Chalice as chairman, to inquire into the facts re lating to the alleged sale of diseased and unwhole some meat in the metropolis, as well as the ill effects arising therefrom, and the best mode of pre vention. The following report was read at the general meeting of the association held at the Board of Health, on August 6, and ordered to be printed for the use of the members of the associa tion, and for the guidance of the inspectors of nui sances, in carrying out that section of the Nui sances Removal Act which relates to diseased or unwholesome food : The committee appointed by the Metropolitan Associ tion of Medical Officers of Health, to inquire into the subject of unwholesome meat, report that they have taken every opportunity of making themselves ac quainted with the facts of the case, both by personal ob servation and by conferences with Mr. Fisher, inspector of meat and slaughter-houses in the City of London, and with Mr. Pocklington, inspector of markets, to whom they express their thanks for much valuable information. In the first place, your committee consider the fact to be fully proved that large quantities of unwholesome meat are constantly on sale to the lower orders in Lon don. At their first meeting, on June 21, Dr. Challice produced several specimens which bad been exposed for sale at butchers' shops in Southwark, and which had been either purchased by him or seized under his direc tions on the same day. For expample : there was a sheep's liver which had been seized. It was dark, soft, - and ill smelling, and the veins contained fibrin ous coagula. There was a shoulder of mutton pur chased at 7d. per pound ; the fat of a dirty yellow, the muscles emaciated, and of a peculiar light colour and sour smell. There was part of a sirloin pur chased at 61. in Bermondsey, not ill-looking, but wonder fully thin, and quite destitute of fat. There were also specimens of veal and beef, of nauseous appearance ; and side by side with these, Dr. Challice exhibited a piece of the boiled flesh of a healthy horse, accidentally killed, which looked and smelled quite wholesome, and a leg of mutton, plump, firm, and of pure white fat, which was destined for the paupers' dinner in Bermondsey work house on the next day. The contrast between the mut ton provided by the board of guardians for the paupers, and that which was offered for sale to the industrious classes, was palpable enough. At a subsequent meeting, Mr. Fisher and Mr. Pock. lington were good enough to bring and exhibit portions of beef and lamb which had been seized on that day in Newgate-market. The beef was thoroughly wet and soft; the lamb wet, soft, utterly devoid of fat in the areolar tissue and within and around the kidney ; pus was found in the areolar tissue of the pelvis by Dr. Gib bon, and the smell of both specimens was incredibly nauseous. Your committ:e have also the evidence of Mr. Fisher that he often sees meat exposed for sale in the suburbs which he should seize if within his own jurisdiction in the city ; and of Dr. Gibbon, who has caused unwhole. some meat to be seized in the Holborn district. The fact, then, that such meat is habitually offered for sale is indisputable. As to the quantity of it, your committee can only refer to a return with which they have been favoured by Mr. Daw, of the City Sewers' Office, showing the quantity seized in the city of Lon don during the year 1855. By this it appears that 28 live animals, 612 entire carcases, 696 quarters, 8 sides, and 227 joints of beef, mutton, veal, and lamb were seized in that year, besides an immense quantity of poultry, game, and fish, which probably was condemned because putrid. But it must be borne in micd that the City of London is a privileged place ; that the inspection of meat and slaughter•hou es is there carried on systema tically ; and that, as Mr. Fisher declares, much meat which could not be exposed in the City is openly sold in the suburbs. In order to give a useful and practical turn to their la bourn, your committee, on one occasion, invited the in spectors of nuisances out of their several districts to meet Mr. Fisher and Mr. Pocklington at Dr. Dundas Thompson's Rooms, in St. Thomas's Hospital, in order that the appearances and characters of diseased meat might be explained to them from actual specimens, and that tints they might be prepared for the more efficient discharge of their duties. Your committee then endeavoured to draw up a short summary of the marks by which unwholesome meat may be known in plain, unprofessional language, for the use of inspectors of nuisances, as follows : The chief marks which show that meat is unwhole• some are, in the first place, its colour, which is generally either dingy or too bright. Secondly, there is the smell, wbieh is peculiarly sour and sickening, even when such meat is fresh ; and very different from the smell of good meat when tainted tbraugh overkeeping. In the next place, there is a sign which is considered if more value than any other. It is a peculiar and de cided wetness of the meat, which is also soft, flabby, and not set. Moreover, it should be noticed that there is often a large quantity of blood in the veins, which has curdled there, and not run out as it does when sound beasts are killed. Or, if there are no clots of blood, there will be very likely shreds and flakes of white matter in the larger Tehts, particularly in the liver. Then, there is a whole set of signs which show that an animal, before being killed, was greatly out of con dition ; such as a pale bloodless eye, a paleness of the bark of sheep, and unnatural whiteness of the flesb, which are often seen in sheep which have the rot. Want of fat, and especially of the suet about the kidneys, in place of which a watery flabby stuff is sometimes found ; wasting of the fleshy part of the meat ; and a watery jelly-like state of the tissue which lies between the mus cles, insomuch that drops of water may run out when it is cut across, are other decided signs. It is to be re marked that drovers are said sometimes to strike sheep heavy blows on the eye to hide the pale look which arises from wasting disease. Again there are some signs of special disease. Thus when cattle have died of pleuropneumona, or lung disease, the insides of the ribs will usually be found to be furred up with a quantity of white curdy matter (pleuritic ad hesions), and the same is found inside the flanks when bea4s have died of inflammation of the bowels. In theFe cases the natural smooth glistening surface of the mem bra' e which li! es the ribs and flanks is loet. One thing to be especially looked for is the little bind. dere amongst the flesh of pigs, which constitute the dir. ease known as measles ; and similar things in the liver of sheep which have the ro'. Experienced butchers are said to know by the smell of meat whether the beast had certain medicines given to it before being killed. The above are the chief signs of unwholesome meat ; of course they will vary with circumstances—for one ani. mal may be killed at the very beginning of an acute disease, another after it has undergone considerable wasting, and a third may have been merely killed for appearance's sake, just before it would have died of its elf. Your committee must observe that in speaking of un wholesome meat they refer to the flesh of animals in a state of disease, and not to meat that has become putrid from having been over -kept, nor yet to meat of a second rate quality. The flesh of old bulls, cows, ewes, and rams, for example, is not first-rate, but has nothing un wholesome in it. Moreover, all traces of previously existing but now extinct disease, such as old pleuritic adhesions, need not be regarded : for, as Mr. Fisher observes, if all marks of former disease were considered cause of seizure, the market would sometimes be entirely cleared. The presence of animalcules in the liver, if the sheep is not yet out of condition, is not considered sufficient cause of seizure by the inspectors, but your committee are not prepared to sanction the exemption. There are several other cases in which, according to the inspectors, doubt may exist whether meat ought to be seized or not ; as in the case of a healthy animal dy ing by accident ; and of cows which arejust beginning to suffer from confinement in cow-sheds ; and of cows which die in calving, the fore-quarters of which exhibit no traces of mischief. Rut your committee think it is better to err on the safe side. Slipped calves are always seized ; but the market is full of calves very little different, which are killed when very few days old, and sent up in abun dance from the dairy districts of Somerset and Wilts. It is quite certain that very much of this doubtful meat together with large quantities of that which is certainly u nwhole some, and especially slipped calves and !timely ork, is made into sausages, and daily consumed by the public. Your committee have reason to believe that the fl es h of horses (except the tongue) is not used, certainly not extensively used, for human food, simply because it fetches such a good price as cats' andidoge meat. Your committee have learned that most of the diseased meat supplied to the metropolis is brought from the country ; that is to say, that very few diseased animals are brought into or slaughtered in London, but that they are killed in the country by persons who make this a re guiar business,.• More unsound meat, according t o the inspectors, is found in Newgate than in any other mar ket, solely because more country meat is sent there. But there are persons, well known in the London trade, who make it their business to dispose privately of meat which could not be exposed openly in any market. As for the flistribution of this meat, there is no doubt that it is purchased, after revilar market hours, by tradesmen who retail it to the labouring classes late in the evening, in the suburbs and what are caged low neighbourhoods. Much meat is sold by gaslight which could scarcely be exposed in broad daylight. We must now touch upon the important subject of the ill effects of unsound meat. These are twofold. In the first place, the consumer is robbed of his fair share of nourishment ; for it is notorious that second-rate and unsound meat cannot stand the fire, and wastes in cook ing to an extraordinary degree. Thus it is the most ex travagant kind of food, and furnishes one example amongst many, that the poorest people always pay most dearly for everything. In the next place there can be no doubt but that the use of diseased meat may be a specific cause of illness. We need scarcely remind you that the eating of measly pork, and of ill-cooked animal food in general, is noto- riously a cause of tape-worm, and of various forms of hydatid that infest the human subject. Instances have come under the notice of Dr. Gibbon, Dr. Challice, and other members of the committee, of symptoms of poison ing arising from the use of unsound meat partially cooked. It appears to be almost established, that in most cases prolonged boiling deprives it of any active poisonous properties ; and it is said that the flesh of glandered horses, after being boiled, can be handled and eaten with impunity. But roasting and frying are far less efficient means of subjecting flesh thoroughly to the purifying influence of heat. We may allude in passing to the over-fed condition in which cattle are commonly killed at Christmas. Dr. Druitt has seen several instances of illness from eating that kind of meat ; but it is matter of gratification, that excessive and unnatural fatness seems now to be less cultivated by breeders of animals. Your committee may observe that, although it may be difficult to prove it by actual cases, they have no doubt that unwholesome meat is one cause amongst many of the debility and cachexies, the poverty of blood, and intractable maladies of the poor who Kock to the dispensaries and parochial medical officers, and espe• cially of diarrhoea during hot weather. Put your committee feel that this is a question which must be argued on far higher ground than that of spe cial ill consequences. They believe that public decency demands that a stop be put, so far as possible, to the sale of the flesh of diseased animals, and of those which have died a natural death. They appeal to that highest and best sanitary code contained in the law of Moses (Leviticus xi. 39, and xviii. 15), which they would will ingly see observed at the present day. Nov;, to treat of preventive measures. Your commit tee, speaking with due caution on a legal question, be lieve that the sale of unwholesome meat is indictable as an offence at common law, and is also guarded against by several special enactments, which it may be useful to make known. There is the act " to prevent the spreading of con tagious or infectious disorders among sheep, cattle, and other animals," which was passed in 1848 (11 and 12 Vic., c. 107), which was extended and continued in 1853 (16 and 17 Vic., c. 62), and amplified with penalties against the sale and keeping of glandered horses ; and which was continued in the present year by the act 19 and 20 Vic., c. 101. By this act it is lawful for any clerk or inspector, or other officer of any fair or market, or for any constable or policeman, or for any other per son, authorised by the mayor, or by any justices of the peace having jurisdiction in the place ; or for any person authorised by her Majesty in Council, to seize all sheep affected with small pox." And "if any meat unit for human food be exposed or offered for sale in any market, fair, or other open, or public place, it shall be lawful for such clerks, inspectors, constables, policemen, or other persons authorised as aforesaid, to seize the same ; and to report such seizure to the mayor or justice." The mayor or justice may order the thing seized to be re stored ; and in this case, if there were probable cause of seizure, the officer seizing cannot be made to pay more than 2d. damages, or be fined more than is.: on the other hand, should the justice condemn the meat, it is to be destroyed, and the person offering it to be fined 201. The City of London Sewers' Act, 1851, provides for the appointment of inspectors of slaughter-houses and meat, with most summary powers of entering and in specting every place where cattle may be kept, alive or dead, and of seizing and destroying any meat whatever which may appear unfit for the food of man. From this act and the foregoing, Mr. Fisher, the very able City inspector, derives his powers, and affords, as we have said befure, eonsiderable protection to the City, at the expense of the suburbs. The Metropolitan Market Act, 1851, gives full powers over unsound meat to all clerks and inspectors appointed by virtue thereof. The Nuisances Removal Act for England, 1855, gives local auth, rity, or their officer, or sanitary inspector, power of entering int) all premises, at reasonable hours, to examine and inspect any carcass, meat, poultry, game, flesh, fish, vegetables, corn, bread, or lour ; and if such things appear to the sanitary inspector unfit for food, the same may be seized ; and if it appear to a jus tice that such carcass, &c., is unfit for food, he shall order it to be destroyed, and the person to whom it belongs, or in whose custody it shall be found, shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding 101. for every carcass, fish, or piece of meat, &c., and for every parcel of fruit, &c. It ha 3 been represented to your committee that the most efficient person to be employed as inspector of meat and slaughter-houses would be a man who is a butcher by trade. And this may be true, but your committee do not believe that such appointments are necessary or practicable at present. They content themselves with recommending that the several inspectors of nuisances, appointed under the Me tropolis Local Management Act, be empowered to act as sanitary inspectors under the Nuisances Removal Act for England, 1855, and if necessary that they also re ceive authority from two justices, under the Act 19 and 20 Vic., c. 131, before referred to. They further re commend that the inspectors be furnished with a state ment of the appearances of unsound meat, such as your committee have drawn up for the purposs, and that they be instructed to visit the shops and markets frequented by the poor, especially on Saturday evenings. That they should proceed cautiously and take the opinion of the medical ofEcer of health in case of doubt ; but yet that they should peremptorily seize any meat which shall answer to the before-described signs of unwhole someness. So soon as the fact is made public that the inspectors are on the alert much of the evil will be abated. The committee cannot conclude without acknowledg ing that they are much indebted to Dr. Druitt for his valuable services as secretary at such of their meetings ; and they tender him their thanks for the communication of many important facts, and for the drawing up of this report. JOHN CHALLICA M.D., Chairman. Naval and Military Intel The following general order has been issued : " Horse Guards, Aug. 22. "Her Majesty has been graciously pleased to direct that Lieutenant-General Sir Colin Campbell, G.C.8., shall be placed as a Lieutenant-General upon the Staff of the army in the United Kingdom, with the view to his appointment as Inspector-General of Infantry. " By order of his Royal Highness the General Commanding-in-Chief. " W. F. FORSTER, Deputy-Adjutant-General." The following is from a correspondent at Malta:— "The City of London steam-transport arrived from Genoa on the 13th with Paymaster Benson, of the An glo-Italian Legion, and left on her return voyage on the 15th, conveying Major de Morrell, of the Staff, Sir John Pennefather, 12 officers, 388 non-commissioned officers and privates of the Anglo-Italian Legion, and Mrs. Telfer and child. "The Tudor, sailing transport, which arrived on the 15th from the Dardanelles in ballast, left on the 20th for Liverpool with 750 officers, non-commissioned offi cers, and privates of the Italian Legion, two officers' wives, and six children. "The Austrian Consul, on hearing that orders had arrived for conveying the brigade to England, caused it to be made known in the camp that such Austrian sub jects as were of good character would be allowed to re turn to their country ; that their father,' deeply g rieved at the unworthy treatment th e y h a d rece i ve d during their residence in Malta, was ready not only to pardon their having engaged in foreign service without his con sent, but to admit them to the honour of serving under his standard. About 400 availed themselves of the Em peror's offer, and have received, or will receive, pass ports to Venice. The remainder of the Legion will be despatched to England as soon as an opportunity offers. "The Prince Arthur steam-transport arrived from Queenstown on the 18th, and left for Corfu on the fol lowing day. " The Empire steam-transport left for Portsmouth on the 12th with the passengers already reported as brought by her from the Levant. "The Norwegian bark Preciosa, with British Govern ment stores, arrived from Constantinople on the 17th. "The Echunga auxiliary screw steam-transport (No. 44) arrived from Constantinople on the 111th with Go vernment stores, bringing Commander G. Johnston, R.N., Surgeon Hyde, Assistant-Surgeon Barnet, Per veyor Hagar, and Messrs. Inglebright and family and "The French steam-corvette Berthollet, bringing 60 officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates, arrived from Constantinople on the 17th, having in tow the Pan dora frigate, conveying 112 others, and bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral Pellion. "The City of Washington, English steam-transport, having on board 349 officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates of the French army, 12 women, and 28 civil employes, arrived from Constantinople on the 18th, having in tow the Titan American ship, in the same ser vice, bringing 660 officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates, and 30 women. Both vessels left for Mar seilles on the 18th. "The Lady Flora Hastings, with oats ; the Corfu, with salt provisions ; and the Giuseppe Marinelli, Ro man bark, with barley (all on account of the French Go vernment), arrived from Constantinople on the 18. h. Several other vessels have arrived on a similar mission. " The Nereid steam-yacht arrived on the 13th from Plymouth, Gibraltar, and Algiers. " The French postal steamer Clyde arrived from Con stantinople, Smyrna, and Syra on the 130, bringing, among ether passengers for Marseilles, Drs. Ivan, Ro binson, Surinon, and 45 officers, rank and file, of the French army, and proceeded onwards to her destination •on the same day. " Her Majesty's steam packet Oberon left with the mails for Corfu on the 16th, conveying Capt. Hail, R.A., and family, and Mr. Mackay and family. "The Scamander, English screw-steamer, which left for Liverpool on the 11th, put back, owing to damage to machinery on the 14th. " The disabled French screw steamer Prophete, in ballast, in tow of the French despatch steamer Passe partout, arrived from Tripoli on the 19th." Her Majesty's store•ship Tyne embarked her ammu nition, rockets, &c., from Woolwich Arsenal yesterday, preparatory to her departure for Rio de Janeiro. The transport Gertrude was towed up to Woolwich from Greenhithe, having a cargo of live shell and am munition from the East. The steam-transport William Hutt arrived at Wool wich yesterday, last from Devonport, with 15 Russian guns from the East. The steam-transport Rhadamanthus, Master-Com mander Brown, left Woolwich yesterday with the boilers, machinery, and gear intended for the screw steam-ship Renown, 90, building at Chatham. The Lords of the Admiralty are pursuing their tour of inspection, and have arrived at Devonport. Toe Triumph, sailing-transport, arrived at Portsmouth on Monday from the Crimea with stores. Her Majesty's steam-sloop Hecate, Commander Gor don, was taken out of the steam basin at Portsmouth after repairs on Monday evening. The Comet, steam-vessel, and the Echo, tug, conveyed from the Isle of Wight to Portsmouth yesterday draughts of the 43th and 95th Regiments for embarkation on other service. The steam-transport Cormorant, No. 103, from Cm stantil eple and Mal.a, arrived at Portsmouth on Mon day night. The — new steam•transport Pelton arrived yesterday afternoon at Portsmouth from the Crimea with stores. The Centaur steam-frigate, Captain Clifford, left Spit head yesterday for the westward. The Mars, 80, which has been for some time in dock at Chat, - am undergoing alterations and repairs to fit her for a screw steam-vessel, which have been completed, has lon nadocked and towed down the river as far as Gillingham, where she will be stationed in ordinary for the present. The Malacca, 17, screw steam-vessel, Captain A. Far quhar, refitting for sea at Chatham, has been taken out of dock and is ready for sea. She is still several hands short of her complement. An order has been received at Chatham Garrison from the War Department, directing Captain E. D. Atkin son, 37th Regiment, the senior captain of, that corps, to proceed to Ceylon for the purpose of juining the head quarters of his regiment. ' l k• 7th company of the Royal Sappers and Miners, numherieg 125 non-commissioned officers and men, under the command of Lieut. W. C. Anderson, Royal Engineers, left the head-quarters of that corps at Chatham yesterday afternoon, and proceeded by rail way to Dev,mport, where they are to be stationed. Much interest was created by a handsome black goat which marched nt the head of the troops. This anim it and a large camel were brought from the Crimea by the men of the Royal Sappers and Miners, and on special oce t alons the animals, which are highly pfzed by the whole corps, are marched at the head of the troops. Every man of the company wears the Crimean medal, and Lieut. Anderson, who had charge, is decorated with the French Legion of Honour. A detachment of 190 men of the 56th Foot, under the command of 09.0 t. H. J. Tolcher, arrived on Monday evening from Porgsmouth at Bristol, and • obarked yes terday afternoon for Plymouth. A smaller detach ment of the 13th Foot, in charge of an officer of the 20th Regiment, also reached Bristol at the same time from Portsmouth, and left yesterday fur Waterford, on their route to Templemore. The following naval appointments have been mad e Lieut. Wm. Moriarty, to the Impregnable ; Lieut. J. C. Tucker, to the Excellent; Lieut. C. Fairholme, to the Cruiser; Lieut. W. F. Lee, to the Sanspareil ; H. Izod, naval cadet, to the Exmouth; H. Thompson, naval cadet, to the Sanspareil. THE SUNS LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 27, 1856. THE BRITISH ARCILEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION. BRIDGEWATER, AUG. 26. The house in which Admiral Blake . was born was one of the principal objects of interest in yesterday's inspec tion of the remains of old Bridgewater. The room in which the gallant admiral first saw light was pointed out by the lady who is the present occupant of the house. Little change has been made in the arrangement of the place. Last evening there was a meeting in the Town ball which was very numerously attended. Mr. Pettigrew presided, when a paper was read by Mr. G. Parker, an inhabitant of Bridgewater, on the antiquities of the town. After which Mr. Planche read a very interesting paper on the origin of the two branches of the family of St. Maur's, or Seymours, Earls and Dukes of S omerset, and the Beaufort family. This morning, the weather being extremely fine, punctually at 9 o'clock the company left the Clarence Hotel and proceeded in several carriages to Glaston bury, and thence to Wells, for the purpose of inspecting the abbey and cathedral. Dr. B eatt i e had prepared a paper on G'astonbury Ab bey, which w as rea d. Tne comp any having minutely inspected the ruins, the journey was continued to Wells, and there the attractions were first, of course, the cathedral, the close, the palace, and St. Cuthbert's Church, which is of the third pointed period, some portions of it being even of an earlier time. Its tower is generally esteemed to be the finest in Somer setshire. Frescoes were discovered in it in 1851, the most finished of which was a life-size figure of the Sa viour clad in a russet coloured garment, with a red cloak on his shoulders. In his left hand was an orb, sur mounted with a cross ; hi s r i ght hand was used in bone diction ; his feet were here. " I 'II C M ' C Y, " in Ger man text, was ten times repeated on the ground of the fresco, at the foot of which was written " Salvator Mandl." Mr. Pettigrew, F.R,S , vice-preside n t of the associa tion, contributed a paper on Wells Cathedral, in the course of which was given a letter which he had received from Mr. John Britton, the antiquarian, who is no w in the 87th year of his age, upon the " City of Wells." Several ladies were amongst the excursionists. This evening there will be a meeting in the Town-hall. The Nord states that the Countess de Barnin (Fanny Elssler) has gone to Loddon, to meet Prince Adalbert of Prussia, whose morganatic wife she is. DEATH OF CAPTAIN PEA.RSON. We regret to have to announce the death of Captain C. Pearson (1837), which mournful event o ccurre d at his residence, Great Yarmouth, on Thursday last, in the 73d year of his age. We extract the following account of the services of this gallant officer from " O'Byrne's Naval Biography :" "Charles Pearson entered the navy July 12, 1800, as first-class volunteer on board the Prince George, 98, Captain James Walker, whom he successively followed into the Prince, 98; Isis, 50 ; Tartar, 32 ; and Van guard, 74. In the Isis he fought at Copenhagen April 2, 1801 ; and in the Vanguard he assisted, in 1803, at the capture, besisies a variety of smaller vessels, of Le Duquesne, 74, and La Crdole, of 44 guns, with the French General Morgan and 530 troops on boas (1. He was also present at the surrender of the town of St. Marc, St. Domingo; the garrison of which place, amount ing to about 1,100 men, were brought off by the Vanguard and her prizes to rescue them from the vengeance of the black general, Dessalines. After a further servitnde of six months with Captain Walker, as midshipman, in the Duquesne ,he joined, in the autumn of 1804, the Amphion, 32, Captains Samuel Sutton and William Hoste ; unier the latter of whom, in 1805, he accom. panied Lord Nelson to the West Indies and back in pursuit of the combined squadrons. He served sus.se quently in the Mediterranean in the San Ildefonso, Captain John Quilliam ; Amphion again, Captain Hoste ; and Ocean, 93, flag-ship of Lord Collinga old ; was made lieutenant Nov. 8, 1808, into the Meteor bomb, Captain James Collins ; and was next conse cutively appointed—July 11, 1810, to the Columbine, sloop, Captains James Collins and William Shepheard ; in May, 1811, to the Leyden, 64, arinec;enjt ate, Captain Edward Cnetham; Feb. 20, 1812, after five months of half-pay, to the Tonnaot, 80, Captain Sir John Gore; and August 20 following, to the Phcebe, of 46 guns and 300 men, Captain James Hillyar. In command of the boats of the Meteor Mr. Pearson cut out one privateer on the coast of Dalmatia ; and another (although protected by batteries and a large detachment of French troops) from the bay of Almeria, on the coast of Spain, the British on both occasions sustaining loss. He served in the boats of the some vessel also at the &fence of Rosas, and was employed in her at the siege of Cadiz. In the Phcebe he contribut ed, March 28, 1814, in the capacity of second lieuten ant, to the capture off Valparaiso, of the American frigate Essex, of 46 guns and 265 men, after a warm action of two h , ,urs, productive of a loss to at British of 4 men killed and 7 wounded, and to the enemy of 24 killed and 45 wouude I. The senior lieutenant, William Ingram, being killed during the battl , -, Mr. Pearsoo, whose conduct on the occasion obtained him a strong recommendation to the notice of the Admiralty, succeedel to that post, and was sent in charge of the prizes to England, where he arrived fin company with the Phsebe, November 13 following. He was promoted to the rank of com• mander by commission bearing date July 29, 1814 ; and was subsequently emplord, from July 6, 1830, until 1833, in the coast guar d t North Yarmouth ; and from Nov. 9, 1833, until Feb. 4, 1837, in the Sparrowhawk, 18, in S ou th A mer i ca . Hi s advancement to pos t ran k took pl ace A pr il 3 i n t h e latter year 12,, has been on half-pay,", ; since which period THE WOMEN FLOGGING IN MARYLE BONE WORKHOUSE. ADJOURNED POOR-LAW INVESTIGATION. Yesterday Mr. R. B. Cane, the Inspector appointed by the Poor•law Board to investigate the circumstances connected with the recent flogging of pauper females in Marylebone Workhouse, resumed his inquiry in the board-room of that establishment. The directors and guardians, Mr. Ryan (the master), and Brown and Green, the two porters, against whom the charges of flogging had been preferred, were present daring the inquiry. Emma Burchell, one of the witnesses examined on the previous day, being recalled, said—l saw the marks on the girl Edmonds's back. They were the weals male by the cane, and she asked me to wash her back with some vinegar, it smarted so. I saw the marks on Sophia How ard's back on the Wednesday morning. She wal so bad ale was unable to wash herself, and I fetched some water and washed her. She went to bed for about two hours, when the magistrate sent for her. When she came back sae again went to bed, and was there for a day or two. By Mr. Chichester (a member of the Guardians Board) —I cannot say if she dressed herself to go before the magistrate. Iwas not present. By Brown (the porter)—l accompanied Howard back frnn the magistrate's court to the workhouse. I don't kiow whether she did any work after she came back. I ►nd Howard were about the yard as usual till bed tine, and we went to bed on that night (Wednesday) aLout 9 o'clock. Margaret Jones—l am an inmate of Marylebone Workhouse, and sleep in Cook's ward. I heard Mary Sollivan say she bad been beaten by Brown. I saw her bask, and observed marks like those of a cane. The skti on her arm was broken—that was apparently a glue. It had been bleeding, and there had been also a little bheding from one of the shoulders. 3y Mr. Chichester—lf a statement has been made that there was blood running down Sullivan's back to the waist, it is not true. 3y Brown—l had been in bed about an hour when Sulivan came up. She laid on the bed opposite my bed cryng, and I got up and looked at her back. This was within about five minutes after. I think it would have been impossible for her back to have been bleeding witiin that five minutes without my observing the blood. She said Mr. Brown had beaten her. Since that Tues day night I have heard Sullivan sa,y how she served you whie beating her. She said she got you by the neck and thunped you. Joseph Redfern, 23 years old, said—l am an inmate of St. Marylebone Workhouse. I have been there 18 years. I know Sophia Howard, and remember seeing her in the store room with the master on the 21 July. She was in the yard abusing and kicking at him, and he took her by the arm into the store room. I went to his assistance, and Howard bit me in the hand. I left the yard with a message for the schoolmaster, but the mas ter did not send me. I saw Green and Brown in the passage leading to the chapel yard. I did not see them in the store room. I did not see Sophia Howard on the ground, nor did I see the master shake Sophia Howard or thaw her on the ground. I heard the master tell Howard he would lock her up. I never heard Howard swear at the master. By Mr. Chichester—Howard was very violent, and the master did not use more than necessary violence to get he: to the board room. By Mfr. Ryan—l came to your assistance because I saw Howard kick you. I did not see you attempt to Finish her after that. By B:own, the porter—Mr. Ryan did not give me any money that night to buy canes. If Howard has stated ca oath that Mr. Ryan sent me for any canes, that statement is false. He did not at any time do so, or to procure canes. I did not see any canes used on that occasion. Elizabeth English— I am 18 years of age, and have this mottling come out of gaol. I have been in the West minster House of Correction 14 days for an assault on Green, the porter. I know Elizabeth Edmonds. She was an inmate of the workhouse when I was there. I recol lect her being beaten by Mr. Brown, the porter, about a fortnight before I went to gaol. It was about 9 o'clock. I saw Brown beat Edmonds with a cane, because while Green was beating me also with a thick cane Edmonds came and took my part. Green struck me two or three times, but I was rot much marked. Mr. Ryan had just before this come and told me and the other girls to go to bed. I was the first who refused to go to bed. The girls ran through the passage and Green caught me just by Nurse French's ward and cut into me with the cane. green left me and went and helped Brown to beat Ed monis. By Mr. Chichester—The girls were all quiet and sit ting down when the master told us to go to bed. I used one bad word to Green while he was beating me, but I do not remember that I did so before that. The witness was here cross-examined by Brown, the porter, who was requested to modify his tone by the Commissioner, as it bore the appearance of intimidation. —She said I have been in the house twelve years. Mr. Ryan was in the yard while I was being beaten. If I have said he was not there it is untrue. Eliza Parker, examined—l am assistant matron of St. Marylebone Workhouse. I know Sophia Howard and Mary Ann Sullivan. On the Tuesday I complained to the master of their conduct as they were disturbing the old women by their noise and bad language and knock ing about the-idiots. Sullivan was locked up about two o'clock. About eight o'clock in the evening Sullivan broke open the cell door, and the master sent for me to search her, to see what she had done it with. She used foul language all the time. The master told her to come out and go to bed. As soon as she came out she assaulted the master in a violent manner, using foul expressions, and she at the same time knocked Brown, the porter's, hat off. They then put Sullivan back into the cell. The girls hearing that Sullivan was put back into the cell, came to the master in a threatening man ner, and using vile language. Howard headed them, and they demanded when Sullivan was to be let out. I did not hear what the master replied, but I saw Howard lift her foot and kick the master. The master seized her by the hand, and as the women were swearing he Bent for Brown and Green, and they went into the yard. I said to - the master, "After the girls swearing what they will do to you, I would not go among them without something in my hand." I then went and fetched him a small riding whip, but he said he did not want it, and I put it on the table in the store room. About a quarter-past 10 I went into the women's yard to get a woman named Hewett to bed away from the girls, as they had been ill-using her, and she was screaming. She is partially weak-minded. I then heard a great noise in the other yard, and I ran to see what was the matter. I saw Sofia Howard sitting on a box' and Green holding her. When she saw nee she screamed to me to come and save her. I went, and Green struck at her with something in his hand, and the blows fell on me once or twice, but I did not see him strike Howard. If he had struck her with the cane it was before I got there. At this time Sullivan was on the ground behind Howard, and Brown was pulling her up. She was making a great noise, screaming, and using foul language, and I heard Brown call out " You are biting me." The master came up to release the porter from her biting, but I saw no blows struck either by Mr. Ryan or the porter. The master ordered Sulli van and Howard to be placed in separate wards, and I took them to bed. Green followed Howard, but did not strike her. The girls might have been beaten on the Tuesday night without my seeing it. In answer to questions put by the Hon. and Rev. Mr. Pelham, the rector, Dr. Gourley, and Mr. Chichester, the witness reiterated her statement that she did not see the girls beaten, or hold Howard whilst Green beat her. She heard the girls make oaths that they would do the master personal injury, and that was why she cautioned him net to go amongst them without something to de fend himself. The Commissioner, in consequence of the board room being required by a committee of the guardians at two o'clock, adjoarred the inquiry till this day, when the de fence will begone into. QUARANTINE AT NEW YORK.—On the 9th inst. there was great excitement at quarantine in New York and the regions round about, arising out of the fact that there were then lying in the bay some 120 sail of vessels, most of which were from parts where the yellow fever existed at the time of their sailing. All persons engaged in these vessels are obliged to land at the health officer's wharf, and from thence they pass out of the gates into the village, or come sip to the city, as they may wish. In consequence of this loose arrangement one or two fatal cases of yellow fever had occurred outside the walls, and the inhabitants of the village had held a meeting and formed a vigilance committee, whose duty it will be to prevent all persons from passing out of the gates into the village, and obliging all those employed inside to re main inside or out. They were resolved that, if neces sary, they would barricade the gates. MURDER IN Fru/gm—The Court of Assizes of the Eure-et-Loir tried three days back a woman named Coutier, for the murder of her child. On the Eth April last the dead body of a child was found floating on a pond, called the Mare Rouge, at St. Germain-la Gastind, and on examination it a pp eare d that death had been caused by drowning. Suspicion fell on two ragged and dirty women who had passed through the village, and on in quiry it was ascertained that they were the woman Coutier, who had just been discharged from prison at Chartres, and a female named Darde, who had been dis missed from the hospital at the same place. They were sought after but could not be discovered until the month of June, when they were found in a low house of ill-fame at Versailles. On being questioned, the girl Darde said that it was her companion who had murdered the child, and the woman Coutier after wards confessed' her guilt. From the joint state ments it appe are d th a t the latter had had with her two children, one an infant in arms, the other a boy five years of age. After walking some distance the infant cried a good deal, and Darde said that the little creature was a terrible embarrassment. " I believe you," said the mother, "and if he would only die I would throw him into the river. "Nay," she added, " I am half disposed to do so now." Darde said that, instead of killing the child, she might deposit him in a foundling hospital. Th e woman Coutier continued to talk of the burden the child was to her, and at last on arriving near the Marc Rouge she cried, "I will now give him the breast, and then I will throw him into the water." She sat down on a heap of stones, took off the greater part of the child's dress, which she made into a bundle, and then, after a pause, requested Darde to walk on a little with the boy. Darde went on, but had not taken many steps before she heard the noise of something falling heavily in the water. She saw the child struggling in the pond, and turned back, but made no attempt to save it. Finding the child did not sink, the inhuman mother than threw large stones at him, and at last went into the pond, and plunged him to the bottom. When she was convinced that the child must be dead, she and Darde proceeded on her way. The jury declared her guilty, with extenuating circumstances, and the Court sentenced her to 20 years' hard labour. HEALTH - OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK. ( From the Report of the Registrar-General.) CESSATION OF THE CHOLERA. The number of deaths in London in the week that ended last Saturday was 1,122, which is less by more than 100 than it was in either of the two prec:ding weeks. As the temperature is now lower, there is ground to hope that the mortality reached its maximum for this season in the week that ended August 16th when the deaths rose to 1,259. Whilst the mortality was rising the mean weekly temperature was about 67 deg. ; .t decreased last week to 57.8 deg. In the corresponding week of ten years, 1846 55, the number of deaths was 1,241, which, if corrected for in crease of population, becomes 1,365. But two of the weeks embraced in the series from which the average is derived were periods in which cholera had become ex tensively fatal. Excluding epidemic seasons, the cor rected average for the week is nearly 1,100. The deaths from diarrhoea, which in the two previous weeks were 211, and 252, were last week 214; and those from cholera, which in the former weeks were 28 and 22, were last week again 22. All these 22 cases, with the exception of 6, occurred to infants, and are referred to that description of cholera which is common in the sum mer months. But it will be noticed on comparing the returns of corresponding weeks that diarrhoea has been more prevalent than usual this season. Of the 214 cases in which it was fatal, 190 occurred to children who had not entered their third year. Twenty-eight persons who died in the week were 80 years old and up wards ; and of these 3 were nonagenarians, whose re spective ag es were 92, 94, and 96 years ; the youngest a widow, th next a tailor, the oldest a coachman. A woman, aged 24, died from accidentally drinking sul phuric acid. Last week the births of 773 boys and 751 girls, in all 1,529 children, were registered in London. In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1846 55 the average number was 1,435. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height of the barometer in the week - was 29'472 in. The lowest reading was 29 17 in. on Thursday ; the highest was 30 . 03 on Saturday. The air was cold, and the mean temperature on every day below the average. The wind blew generally from the north-east. Rain fell on four days to the amount of 1°54 io. The highest tem perature in the week was 71.8 on Sunday; and the lowest occurred on Saturday, and was 45 deg. On the last day the mean temperature was 7.2 deg. below the average. The mean temperature of the week was 57'8 deg., which is 2 . 7 deg. below the average of the same week (as determined by Mr. Glaisher).. The mean dew point temperature was 53'5 deg., and the difference be tween that and the mean temperature of the air was 4'3 deg. The mean temperature of the water of the Thames was 65.6 deg. The temperature of the river fell from 69'4 deg., the highest on Sunday, to 61 . 9 deg., the lowest on Saturday. The following are six cases of cholera, registered last week, which occurred amongst adults : WESTMINSTER ; St. Margaret—At 10, St. Margaret's place, on 19th August, a labourer, working at "Trinity" gravel engine, aged 60 years, "spasmodic cholera." Deceased was staying in London Docks. On Tuesday he bad diarrhasa, but did not have advice until he came home on Friday. MARYLEzosi ; The Rectory—At 20, Gorge-street, on 15th August, the wife of a cabinet-maker, aged 40 years, "cholera (12 hours)." MARYLEBONE; Christchurch—At 12, Sherborne-place, on 16th August, a coach•tirnber•bender, aged 60 years, "cholera." ISLINGTON; West—At 5, Heyman's-row, on 17th August, the wife of a marine store dealer, aged 54 years, "cholera (32 hours)." In the same sub-district, at the Mews, Tuffnell-park East, on 19th August, a linen weaver, aged 66 years, " cholera (3 days)." L AMBETH ; Kennington 2d—At 5, Lansdowne-cot tages, Denmark-road, on 16th August, the wife of a warehouseman, aged 38 years, "choleraic diarrhoea, with severe cramp (30 hours)." ST. LEONARD'S; Holy well.—At 4, Bowl-court, Shore ditch, on 21st August, the widow of a carman, aged 80 years, " typhoid fever (about 6 days)." The medical at tendant in this case states that " privy (common to 6 houses) is close to the house in which the woman died, and most offensive in odour, as is also the dust bin ad joining; the latter quite full, not having been emptied for upwards of three weeks." MORTALITY IN THE METROPOLIS NUMBER OF DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES REGISTERED IN THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, AUG. 23 Zymotic Diseases Diseases of Uncertain Seat Tubercular Diseases Diseases of the Brain, Nerves and Senses Diseases of the Heart and Blood-vessels 22 Diseases of the Lungs and other Organs of Respiration Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, and other Organs of Digestion Diseases of the Kidneys, &c. Childbirth, Diseases of the Uterus, &c. Diseases of the Joints, Bones, and Muscles Diseases of the Skin, &c. Malformations Premature Birth and Debility Atrophy Old Age :udder. .. Violence, Privation, Cold, and Intemperance 3O Causes not specified 38 57 DEATHS FROM ALL CAUSES 1,122 Population Deaths in corre- Deatl s Enumerated. sponding week in the 1851. of 1855. Week. West Districts North Districts 490,396 Central Districts 393,256 East Districts 485,522 South Districts Totals Males 584 Fomales 533 _ BIRTHS IN THE WEEK. Males Females.. 778 751 Total .. 1,529 CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATIONS. The following are a few of the questions given at the last examination for the East India Company's Civil Service : ENOLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. - Sir Philip Sydney says, "I never heard the old song of Percy and Douglas, that I found not my heart moved more than with a trumpet ; and yet it is sung by some old crowder, with no rougher voice than rude style ; which being so evil apparelled in the dust and cobweb of that uncivil age, what would it work trimmed in the gorgeous eloquence of Pindar I" What are the characteristics of popular, as distin guished from more refined and artificial, poetry ? Is the conclusion of Sir Philip Sydney just? Why do the rugged verses of " Chevy Chase" still " move our hearts," while Cowley's "Pindarics" are forgott n ? Take any poem of Milton's, Pope's, Gray's, Cow per's, Wordsworth's, Campbell's, or TennysGn'a ; give an outline of the argument, and note any lines or phrases which have passed into the current literature of the language. Enumerate in order the principal English authors, poets, historians, theologians, philosophers, and writers of wit and humour. Mark those who have exercised great iniluenco on our language, and indicate by a single term thu qualities for which each is in other respects re markable. lIISTORY. State the circumstances under which the Great Char• ter, the Petition of Right, and the Bill of Rights, were adopted ? Enumerate the principle of the English Con stitution, as set forth in these documents, distinguishing those principles that are found in 'all, and those that are found only in one or two ? Swift, Writing in the year 1710, says :—" Amongst us there seems to have been a barrenness of invention in this point of party names, the a ords Whig and Tory, although they are not much above 30 years old, having been pressed to the service of many successions of par ties with very different ideas fastened to them." Explain the origin of the words " Whig " and "Tory," and examine the truth of Swift's statement by consider ing the principles of Whig and Tory parties from the pe riod fixed by him down to the year 1775. Why is the age of Elizabeth regarded as an era in English history ? COMPOSITION. Choose one of Shakspere's historical plays, and con sider it in the light of a guide to the historical student. Describe in precise language the grounds on which Falkland, Hampden, Somers, Mansfield, Burke, and Curran are entitled to statues in the New Palace of Westminster. POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY. State the different meanings of the phrase " value of money," and the causes which determine the value of money in each sense. How has the ambiguity of this phrase given colour to a serious misconception respect ing the rate of interest ? Is rent an element in the cost of production. State the connection, if any, between the price of pro. visions and the rate of wages. LOGIC. Mr. Mill considers the Dictum de Omni as being pecu liarly related to the system of Realism. Is it not, from its nature, equally compatible with Nominalism and Conceptualism, and, indeed, with any and every metaphysical system ? State the substance of the controversy between Real ism, Nominalism, and Conceptualism ? What is the characteristic def Pct of each system ?—Smith, Elder, and Co.'s Overland Mail. THE LATE GALE AT BRIGHTON.—The body of young Grinyer, orie of the unfortunate crew of the Four Sisters, has been discovered. A public meeting was held on Monday, convened by the mayor, for the purpose of re lieving the sufferers in the late disastrous gale. A committee was formed for carrying out the objects of the meeting. Several subscriptions were received in the room, and the mayor also announced that be bad re ceived nearly 501. His worship has arranged for sub scriptions to be received in London on account of Hall, West, and Co., Union Bank, Brighton, at Jones Loyd and Co,, and at the London and County BAI,k, on ac count of the Brighton branch. Mr. Nye Chart, the lessee of the Brighton theatre, has announced a theatri cal performance for the above laudable object on Friday next, From the London Gazette of Last Night FOREIGN-OFFICE, AUG. 1 The Queen has been graciously pleased to appoint Charles Eastland de Michele, Esq., to be her Majesty's Consul at St. Petersburgh. FOREIGN-OFFICE, AUG. 25. The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. Samuel W. Talbot as Consul at Galway for the United States of America. The Queen has also been pleased to approve of Mr. W. J. Thom as Consul at Aberdeen for his Majesty the King of the Belgians. BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, AUG. 22. The Right Honourable the lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade and Plantations have received, through the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, a copy of a despatch from her Majesty's Consul at Teneriffe, re porting that the importation of grain and flour is permit ted into the Canary Islands, and that the exportation of grain and potatoes from those islands is prohibited for the space of six months from the 11th ultimo. BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL AUG 22 The Right Honourable the Lords of the Com mittee of Privy Council for Trade and Plantations have received, through the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, a copy of a despatch from her Majesty's Consul at Teneriffe, stating that all vessels arriving at that port from Lisbon are refused free pratique, owing to the outbreak of cholera in that city. BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, AUG. 22. The Right Hon. the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade and Plantations have received, through the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, a copy of a de spatch from her Majesty's Consul at Teneriffe, stating that the following sanitary regulations have been issued by the provincial board of health at that port :- 1. That vessels arriving from places infected with Asiatic cholera morbus shall be dismissed to the laza rettos authorised for their admission, and be provided with any assistance they may stand in need of, under the strictest precautions, to enable them to proceed on their voyage. _ 2. That no vessel from wherever it may arrive, under present circumstances, shall be admitted to pratique, until the correspondence brought by it shall have been distri buted, and that it shall be ascertained by the public papers and private letters that there exists no impediment to the vessel receiving free pratique. 3. That vessels arriving from places in the vicinity of others infected by cholera, although free from it them selves, or from towns in frequent or easy communication with them, will undergo a quarantine observation of three days, and will have to complete eleven days counting from the date of sailing, should the voyage have occupied less than eight days; the passengers being required to pass their quarantine in the lazaretto of this port, to which the baggage and cargo shall be taken and subject to a scrupulous expurgation. BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, AUG. 23. The Right Honourable the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade and Plantations have received, through the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, a copy of a despatch from her Majesty's Charge d'Affaires at Co penhagen, reporting the abolition of the Royal Monopoly at the Faroe Islands, and stating that British vessels trading with those islands have been placed, in regard to duties, on the footing of national vessels. BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, AUG. 25. The Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade and Plantations have received, through the Secre tary of State for Foreign Affairs, a copy of a despatch from her Majesty's Consul-General at Monte Video, enclos ing a translation of a decree regulating the pilotage at that port, a copy of which is subjoined. (Translation.) —(Copy.) DECREE. Department of War and Marine. Monte Video, June 19, 1856. Experience having proved that the Society of Pilots for the service of the navigation from this port to that of Buenos Ayres have done nothing but injure the consignees or the masters of the ships which want a pilot at a great distance from the port, without any guarantee for the in terests which are placed under his charge, a circumstance which weighs on the Authority which has allowed these societies, without any responsibility which may save the consequences arising from the inexperience or carelessness of the pilots who receive under their direction the life and fortune of those who are on board : the Authority being interested in preventing the commerce from being preju diced by any of the causes which may take place in the above-mentioned sense, the President of the Republic directs and decrees : Art. Ist. The first and other societies of pilots, created by the Decree of March 27, of 1854, derived from the first petition which caused its installation, are without any effect. Art. 2d. The Ciptain Of the Port shall leave to the mas ters of vessels and consignees the liberty of choosing the pilot they may like to conduct their ships to the port of their destination in the river. Art. 3i. When vessels from outside coming up the river have no consignees in this place, and the captain does not come on shore, and asks for a pilot from on board, the Captain of the Port will provide one, employing the first who may present himself, if he has his license, and is a re sident in the republic. Art. 4th. The Captain of the Port will have on a small board a list of the pilots registered for the service of the river, in order that the persons interested may choose whom they wish to conduct their ships. Art. sth. The Captain of the Port will exact from every pilot the dollar which is established for the passport which he ought to take on board, and he will embody the produce of every month in the account of his entries which he is to transmit to the Treasury. Art. 6th. Let this be communicated, &c., (Signed) PEREIRA. CARLOS SAN VICENTE. WAR DEPARTMENT„ PALL-MALL, AUG. 26. BREVET. , . Col. Frederick Horn, C.B , of the 20th Foot, to have the temporary rank of Major-General while in command of a Brigade. COMMISSIONS SIGNED BY LORDS-LIEUTENANT, lat Devon Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry—Edmund Newman Snow to be Cornet, vice Newman, promoted. North Devon Regiment of Mounted Rifles—James Nixon Macartney to be Adjutant. Northumberland Regiment of Militia Artillery—Henry Christian Allhusen, Gent., to bo Lieutenant. BANKRUPTS. Edward Jackson Davies, draper, High-street, Poplar, to surrender, Sept. 5, at half•past twelve, and October 10, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Whitmore, official assignee, Basinghall-street ; Barrow, Guildford-street, Russell-square. Charles Hamilton Collins, merchant, Winchester-build ings, Southwark-bridge-road, Sept. 10, at two, and Oct. 8, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Stansfeld, official assignee; Chidley, Gresham-street, City. Walter Adam Slater, coal dealer, Preston, Sept. 5 and 25, at twelve, at the Manchester District Court. Herna man, official assignee, Manchester ; Atkinsons and Last, Manchester. Joshua Binns, cotton manufacturer, Dukinfield, Chester, Sept. 5 and 26, at twelve, at the Manchester District Court. Hernaman, official assignee, Manchester; Brooks and Marshall, Ashton-under-Lyne. Henry Turner, licensed victualler, Belvidere-terrace, Belvidere-road, Sept. 6, at eleven, and Oct. 9, at two, at the Court of Bonkruptcy. Cannan, offici a l as s ignee, Al - dermanbury ; Sole, Turner, and Turner, Aldormanbury. Thomas Percival Willcox and Ed w i n Willcox, builders, Bristol, Sept. 8 and Oct. 7, at eleven, at the Bristol Dis trict Court. Miller, official assignee, Bristol ; Britten and Son, Bristol. _ _ Ralph Brady Simpson, builder, Deptford, Sunderland, Sept. 3, at twelve, and Oct. 7, at eleven, at the Newcas tle-upon-Tyne District Court. Baker, official assignee, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; Brignal, Durham. James Michell, copper and lead smelter, Crews Hole, St. George, and Westbury-upon-Trym, Gloucestershire, Sept. 8 and Oct. 6, at eleven, at the Bristol District Court. J Acraman, official assignee, Bristol; Bevan and Girling, Bristol. William Henry Whenler, brewer, Mickleton, Glances tershire, September 5 and 25, at half-past eleven, at the Birmingham District Court. Whitmore, official assignee, Rirmingham ; E. and H. Wright, Birmingham ; R ea , Worcester. George Doidge, painter, Birmingham, Sept. 2 and 25, at half-past eleven, at the Birmingham District Court. Christie, official assignee, Birmingham ; Powell, Birming ham. George Packrin, grocer, Tunstall, Sept. 10 and 29, at ten, at the Birmingham District Court. Christie, official assignee, Birmingham ; Challino!, Hanley ; Smith, Bir mingham. Thomas Hulse, innkeeper, Stoke-upon-Trent, Sept. 5, and 25, at half-past eleven, at the Birmingham District Cond. Bittleston, official assignee, Birmingham ; Bowen, Stafford ; Wright, Birmingham. John Richardson, tailor, Cambridge, Sept. 8, at half nest two, and Oct. 10, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Nicholson, official assignee, Basinghall-street ; Sole, Tur ner, and T urncr, Aldermanbary. amuel Bayly, hotel keeper, Bournemouth, Sept. 8, at two, and Oct. 14, at half-past one, at the Court of Bank ruptcy. Pennell, official assignee, Guildhall-chambers ; Stevens, Northumberland-street, Strand ; Kingd on, Bournemouth. Charles Waters Banks, George Banks, and Robert Banks, printers, Bermondsey New-road, Sept. 11, at twelve, and Oct. 18, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. , Nicholson, official assignee, Basinghall-street ; Bothamley and Freeman, Coleman-street. It is declared that orders have left St. Petersburg for the complete evacuation of the territory in the vicinity of the Danube, which is to be given up, according to the new frontier arrangement. [ADvmaxissmitxr.] slorir AND HEARING SPECTACLES, POWERFUL TELESCOPES, OPERA, RACE, AND PERSPECTIVE GLASSES.—Messrs. S, and B. Solomons, opticians. 39, Albe marle-street, Piccadilly. Observe—opposite the York Hotel. By ker Majesty's Royal Letters Patent for valuable and extraordinary improvements in the most powerful and brilliant Telescopes, Camp, Racecourse, Opera, and Per spective Glasses, to know the distances. These telescopes possess such extra ordinary powers that some three and a-half inches, with an extra eye-piece, will show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring, and the double stars. With the same telescope can be seen a person's countenance throe miles and a half distant, and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They are of larger and all sizes, with increasing powers accordingly.—Tke. Royal Exhibition, 1851. Valuable, newly-invented, very sm a ll , powerful waistcoat -pocket glass, the size of a walnut, by which a person can be seen and known 1 a miles distant ; they answer every purpose ou the race-course, and at the opera houses, country scenery, and ships are clearly seen at 8 to 10 m il es. • They are invaluable for shooting, doer-stalking, yachting, to sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, and tourists. Opera, race-course, ca mp, and perspective glasses, with won d erful power. Newly-constructed Spectacle Len ses o f the great est transparent power. The valuable advantage derived from this invention is, that vision becoming impaired is preserved and strengthened, and very aged persons are enabled to employ their sight at the most minute occu pation- can see with these lenses of a much less magnify. lug power—and they do not require the frequent changei to the dangerous effects of further powerful assistance. Persons can be suited at the most remote part of the world, by sending one of the glasses out of their spectacles in o letter, and stating the distance from the eyes they can read small newspaper print with it; and those who have not made use of spectacles by stating their age.—Deaf ness. New Discovery. The Organic Vibrator, an ex traordinary powerful, small, newly-invented instrument for deafness, entirely different from all others, to surpass any thing of the kind that h as b een or probably over can be produced. Being of the same colour as the skin, is not per ceptible ; it enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at church and at public assemblies ; the unpleasant sensation of singing noises in the ears is entirely removed ; and itiaffords all the assistance that possibly could be desired.-39, Albemarle !trots Piccadilly. Observe—oppoolte the York ]fluter • Cou ntry IV.tarkets. LIVERPOOL-AuGun 26. There was a good attendance of the town and country trado to•day. Prime wheat met a brisk demand, and, being very scarce, brought an advance of 4d to 6d per 70 lbs. Inferior kinds were neglected, and 3d lower. Flour of prime quality in requ.st, and is per sack and barrel dearer. Oats and /oatmeal a fair sale, and fully as dear. Barley, beans, and peas saleable at full prices. Indian corn in request at 334 to 33s 6d for prime mixed and yel low, and 34s 6d to 35s per qr for prime white; but holders, generally asking more money few sales wercimade. HIILL—Aua. 26. -- --- We had a fair supply of English wheat to-day, and a small show of foreign. Each met free sale at about 2s advance on English and is on foreign. A few samples of new wheat were shown, quality very good, and sold at 76a to 78s. Spring corn unaltered. Linseed dull, and inferior qualities 1s to 2s lowor. In cakes no speculative move. went, but a daily demand for consumption. Wheat, English, red 70 to 761 Ditto whito 74 to 80 Dantzic and Konigs berg Pomeranianand Ham - R. 'Peas, grey' and black to Linseed, Black Sea 54 to 57 Ditto Petereburgh 45 to 54 Ditto Riga and Arch angel Ditto Konigsberg and Memel 4O to 46 Per Ton. Lins.c., 9/ 103 to 0/ Os Od Ditto fine for. 71 15s 915 s Od Ditto inf. for Ol Os Od to 01 Os Rapeseed OOl Os to 001 Os Rape cakes .-s Od to 130 s Od Tares, English Ol. to —s Ditto foreign Guano OOl Os Si tol2/ 15s Bones Flour, per brl. 3ss. 38s —1 burgh Danish, Holstein, and . . Friesland Russian and Odessa 55 to 63 Oats, English Ditto Danish Ditto Friesland Ditto Russian 27 to 28 Barley, malting Ditto grinding 36 to 40, Beans Ditto foreign Peas, white and yel 4O to 42 , REEDS-AuCL 26. Wo have had much rain during the past week, which is the cause of so few samples of new wheat appearing in the market. Wheat of good quality Is per qr. higher than last Tuesday, but the trade has closed dull. Very little new barley offering, for which high prices are obtained. Other articles unaltered in valuo. BRISTOL—AUG. 26. We have had very unfavourable weather for all kinds of harvest operations since this day week, causing consider able excitement in the trade; farmers asking, and in many instances obtaining, ,an advance of from 3s to 4s per qr. since last week. Foreign wheat a similar improvement. Barley in demand and scarce. Oats in more request, and 6d dearer. Flour was la to 2s per sack and barrel higher. Butter sells more freely, at an improvement in value. COURSE OF EXCHANGE.—YESTERDAY. Amsterdam ...........• 11 IN Gibraltar ..•• •. •• •• •• •• Ditto, three months •. 11 19 Leghorn .. • • .......... 29 65 Rotterdam ............ 11 19% Genoa ..... 25 75 Antwerp .............. 25 50 Milan ...... • • Brussels 25 50 Venice Elamburgh •• ••.••••• • . 13 8 Naples •• •• •• •• •• •• 44% Altona .. • • ............ Palermo •...... 123 1 ,1 1 Paris. ... ....• • • .... 25 35 Messina .. ... P 3% Ditto, three months .. 25 67% Lisbon ... ..... 52% arseißes 25 67 Oporto 52:N, Bourdeaux .. • • ........ Rio Janeiro ..... .• • .... Frankfort-on-Maine •• .. 119% Buenos Ayres •• .. Berlin ................ New York,6o days' sight Vienna 10 21 Philadelphia rrie5te.........• ...... 10 23 PRICES or RIMLICN, PER OZ. Petersburg ............ 37% Foreign Gold In Bars £3 17 9 Madrid .... 49% Portugal Gold Coin •• 0 0 0 Cadiz ......... • • 50% Mexican Dollars .... 0 0 0 O 0 0 O 0 0 Barcelona •• •• •• •• •• Se vII I e •• •• •• •• •••• New Dollars Silver in bars LOCAL SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, AUGUST 26. STOCK EXCIIIANGE.—The market has been doing a quiet business to-day, and prices are about the same as yesterday. London and North Westerns, 107i—South Bantams, 22 i—North Eastern, Berwick, 21—Belfast and Ballymena, 51—Midlands, 84 3 i—Lancashire and Yorkshire, 98A—Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolns, 34 —Dutch Rhenish, 2 3.16 pm.—Royal Insurance, 24 pm.— North Union A, Pref., 241. LEEDS, AUGUST 26. STOCK EXCHANGE. —The market to-day shows an im provement. Midlands, 81—N orthWesterns, 6/. lls. 6d.— North Eastern, Lee is, 17g. MANCHESTER, AUGUST 26. STOOK EMMANGE.—The market to-day has been doing a quiet business, and no change in prices. London and North Westerns, 107$ Lancashire and Yorkshire, 988—North British, 9i—Sheffields, 34—Midland Rail way Consols, 83i - South Eastern and Dovers, 22i — Lancashire Insurance, 1-16 pm. BIRMINGHAM, AUGUST 26. STOCK EXOHANGE.—This market has been doing very little business to-day, and the prices were stationary. In the course of tho day Oxford, Worcester, and Wolver. hampton were done at 29k, and ditto pref. at 1.2.6. dis. In local stocks more business doing, and prices were firm. Birmingham Canals, 921—Ditto, new, 1 pm.—Unity Fire Office shares, 3s. 4d. SZABORNE MAILS. (N signifies that the mails are sent from the General Poet-onlqi ey the night—and 31 by tho morning —despatch.) Day when made up' From whit' W.... COUNTRIZI. in General Post- Port dna II Office, London.* Dispatched. England. Amerlea(byßrit.pack)N &very Friday .... Liverpool ... Weekly America. (by United Sts. packet) ..........N Every Tuesday .. Southampton Weekly America (by U. States packet) ..........N •• •• •• Liverpool •.• Australia (via Liver pool) and 19th Liverpool .. Twice mot Ditto (via Illarseilles) Dover ••• • • Ditto (via Cape of Good ....... •• • • Uncertasn Hope) •• •• •• •• •• ••11 Africa Most Coast) ..N 234 of the month.. Plymouth ..,6th of mei Alexandria 10th & 26th of » o. Dover & 19th Alexandria.. 4th & 20th of mon. Southampton 4 &21 of al Bahamas ...........N 17th of the month Southampkt 16th Belgium . DailY ••• • • Dover ...... Dal y 9th of the mo n th.. Southampton 16tk Brazil 9th of the month.. Southampton :it th. Capeßuen Good Hope N Uncertain °8 0f A.37 G00 e5.... Cape of Good Hope ..N 9th of th- ' , tont), fioutheunptor 16th of m 10th and 26th & 99th C ey l on __ ....N , 4th and 20th a ; c lo d n e (see India) C Ce .... 4th & 21st Channel 151e5.... eu.,so IV. Southampton l'u.Th.s'at al 3d & 17th of month Southamp on 1 and 16 China .... . ;4th and 10th .... 4 and 29 liOth and 26th.... Dover •2 and i 9 Southampton 7 and 2a & 20th of , nrn. c C o o ns ns t t an an t t l i n n o o p p i l e e Cont. of Europe 111 & N 'Twice daily Dover Twice day Egypt (see India) France ........ M& N Twice daily-- Dover ...... Twicedally Gibraltar .. .....M 4,7,17, 20,27 f in. Southampton 6,7, 24 1 21 Greece (see India) Greytown 2nd & 17th of mon. Southampton 1 and 16 Hamburgh ..........N'Daily ... London Daily Elavannah ..........M 2nd of the month South amp,. I. Ist of 1110 Holland Dover Daily • Honduras ..........M 17to of the month. Southampton 16th India (viaSouthampt.)sl 4th , e 20th of mon. Plymouth .. 4 and 21 m India (via Marseilles)M lOth&26th of moth Dover 15 & 29 m lonian Isles (see India) •• • • •• • • ' Dover...... Ireland: & N Twice daily Holyhead Lisbon SI 2d of 0.. . Southamptor Madeira 9th of montr Southampton 6 and 16 Madeira 234 of month Liverpool Malta (see India) !faits 10, 20, and 26 Dover 4. 15, 21,2 Mauritius (see India) I Mauritius..N 20. h of the month 4th and 21 Mexico l4 2.1.1 of the month.. SouthaMpt•n let Naples !Daily.— ... • • . • Dover ...... New Granada ...... N 124 & t 7th of monthtScuthamptot Ist and 16 New Zea1and........., Twice a month .. Various port Papal States .. Daily.. .• ••• • .. Dover ...... 4 weekly Peninsula .douthamptor Peru 2d & 27th of mon. Southamptor• let & 16111 Port Natal .• •• •• • • .• N By private ship . • . Various port, Sicily •••• Every Saturday... Dover ...... Weekly Tuscany ... ".. ...• ..N Daily • 4 .6 .• • • Dover Venezuols „114 2d ft 17th ofmonth 3 outhareptor 1 a 16 mo* Van Diemen's Laud (see Australia) ith of m0n..... monthly Welt Indies ........ lass , maul monte Southampton II and in Oh of mon. .. .. `tats inn of monto 'Southampton monthly ill and 16 Whenany of these dates fall on a Sunday, the malls will be de spatched on the following day, with the exception of the India (via Bouthampton), and the Malta, both of which will be despatched the preceding day. THE ARCHBISHOP'S VISIT TO BATH ON THE DENI. SON CASE.—The archbishop has addressed a letter to the Mayor of Bath to the following effect :—" I should not do justice to my own feelings, or to those of Dr. Lushington, and the rest of our party at Bath, if I did not assure you how highly we estimated your attention to us during the late painful but important business which not only secured our personal comfort, but re- moved all the apprehension of disorder or confusion which made us previously deprecate the public discus. sion of a sacred subject." BIRTHS. OF A SON. "On the 26th inst,, at 4, Highbury-park north, Mrs. N. Robson. On the 26th inst., at 9, King Edward's-road, Hackney, the wife of William Burton, Esq.—twins. OF A DAUGHTER. On the 25th inst., at Chobham Vicarage, the wife of the Rev. S. J. Jerram. On the 21st inst. at Sevilla Villa, Carlton-bill, St. John' wood, the wife of ? Chevalier G. E. Balleras— twins. MARRIED. On the 26th inst., at St. George's, Hanover-square, Percy Burrell, Esq., the eldest son of Sir Charles Merrik Burrell, Bart., tollenrietta Katherine, the eldest daughter of Rear-Admiral Sir George and the Hon. Lady Brooke Pechell. On the 21st inst., at Finnart, Herbert Buchanan, Esq., of Arden, to Jane Thomson, third daughter of J. Scott, Esq., of Finnart. DI ED. On the 26th inst., at 17, Green-street, Grosvenor-square, Miss Napier, aged 80. On the 26th inst., at 7, Endsleigh-street, Tavistock. square, James Sharp, Esq. On the 25th inst., at 133, St. Alban's-place, Edgeware. road, Mr. Francis Tuck, aged 50. On the 24th inst., at Soughton House, Flintshire, Phoebe Lloyd, aged 92. On the 24th inst., at West Rasen Rectory, the Rev.W. Cooper, 8.D., rector of West Rosen and Waddingham, Lincolnshire ' aged 87. On the 24th inst., at Slough, John Simon Anderson, (father of James Anderson, the distinguished tragedian), aged 72. On the 23d inst., at Cotterell, Glamorganshire, Chas. F. Tyler, Esq., second son, of Admiral Sir Geo. Tyler, M.P., aged 30. LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The SUM Office, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the count/ of Middlesex, Wednesday, August 27, 1800,