The Sun. — London, England, 1842-01-14 00:00:00

MORNING SUN to wealthy families had been buried, and expecting that .'rue ornaments of value, were interred with them, went ni the night to the cemetery with the intent to rob their graves. By some unaccountable mistake, he opened the common fosse, and took up two bodies which were com- Plctely dev o id o f anyt hi ng o f va l ue . Th e ot h er graves Were untouched. • The Memorial de Rouen relates that the 'Captain of a merchant vessel moored off that place some nights since, and who had previously shown decided symptoms of in sanity, being left alone but for a few minutes, mutilated himself in a dreadful manner, rushed from his cabin to the Poop, and. threw himself overboard. He was imme diately almost taken out of the water, but died soon after of-his wounds. There is now living at Verdun a man 102 years of C,s)i a ge. who retain s a ll hi s men t a l f acu lti es , an d i s so s t rong Z 4. ! and active that he takes a walk every day, and, when :teeasion requires, saws and cleaves his own fire-wood. : I ‘,e has been t em p era t e an d regul a r in his habits f!') -...7enghout his life. He is married and has a family, is : I 'mill and thin, and so remerkably upright that no one ' would believe him to be older than 80. A few days ago, says the Courrier du Pas de Calais, M a soldier of the Ist Regiment of Erzineers, who had knne to bed in a violent fever, being thirsty during the night, put out his hand and swallowed the contents of a. Jug which was near him, and which lie supposed to be water. It was unfortuately a mixture of water, chalk, 4 nfl white lead, which he was in the habit of using for s aving his accoutrements, and death was the result of error. b The Paris and Dijon mail was overturned, on Friday, Qtw een Saint Seine and Val Seizon, in consequence of the road being deeply covered with snow. It required . eleven horses to drat , - it out, and the vehicle did not ar till% at Dijon till eight next morning. Fortunately no one was injured. The Gazette des Tribunaux states that Prioul, who was acquitted by the Court of Peers in the affair of Que ?duet, has been arrested, and imprisoned at Ste. Pelagie, as bein g a d e b tor to t h e S tate f or more t h an 20,000 E, „ t° „ t h° Payment of which- lie was condemned in conse -I"ence of the events of 12th May, 1838. The Charivari states that its responsible Editor has bee n summoned to appear before the examining mag,is trate, but for what cause is not mentioned—a circum !'4, n e ce, it maliciously adds, the more to be regretted, ''nc, according to the new system of moral and indirect complicity, it may be for some supposed offence commit ted siz or seven years ago. A. letter from Toulon, of the Gth of January, says— Captain de Lasseaux, commandant of packet boats, went this morning on board the steamer Tonnerre, to if possible, the Brandon steamer which was sunk fort St. Philip, at the entrance of the port of Mahon. ."-t all events he will direct the necessary measure of the 'alrag e of the vessel, and the preservation of its ma chines which are said to be but little damaged." Letters from Paris announces that orders are going Lo be forwarded t o di sarm t wo s hips o f the line. The Ministry believe, perhaps, that the English are diminish iug their squadron ve in the Alediterranean, because some ~-(2f their ships ha left Malta, steering to the coast of Spain, but we know that other ships will come in their the and that b es id es a grea t num b e r a re stationed in ), e Ta gus , at C ad i z, an d Gibraltar.—Commerce. .The Moniteur of the 11th has no official part. 0 find the following passage in a journal :—" Sin- Ktdar details transpire respecting the proceeding of the ‘ - 'elnmittee 'which prepared the Address of the Chamber °f Peers. Messrs. Mole dargout, and successively . six Members of the. CoMmittee, are said to have refused to u m n e d r e i r ih ta o k u e .,, the report, which, in consequence, fell to M. The Committee for drawing up the Address of the Chamber of Deputies will meet to-morrow, or the day following, to hear the draught of the Address read. The Address may be read in a public sitting at the e nd of this week, and the Chamber will probably com mence the debate on Monday next. , The m anager o f t h e j ourna l L e P rogres h as b een con demned by the tribunal at Rennes to a month's imprison ment and 500 francs fine, for having published an ac count of a secret sitting of the Court of Peers.—Consti tutioned. BOURSE—Pants, TUESDAY, JAN. 11. First Highest Lowest Last French Price Price. Prie. Prier. 5 per Cents ll7 73 .. 117 80 ... 117 70 ... 117 75 4 per Cents lO2 ... 192 ... 102 ... 102 3 per Cents 75 55 ~.. 78 60 ... 78 50 .... 75 55 Loan Sank of France Lefiltte Bank I,ooof. Shares 1020 ...MO ...1020 ...1020 5, 1 1000. Shares 1.023 ...5031) ...5025 ...51110 l eleian Rank 13 elgian 5 per Cents. S per Cents., 1840 103% ... 103% ... 103% ... 11.13 ,1 4 3 per Cents ..... Dutch 2} per Cents..... I,,itaSish Active ......... - , Passive 5 - 7. .. % ... 544 , . ri , 54i , , Neapolitan 9 050 an...... ' 103% ... 1034. ... 103? ../ . 113Q/i, RAILWAY `DANES —' l % -',. ' 1 it Germain Vermilles.N.l3 544) ... 340 ...• 537 - 50 ..,„ X17,,0 , . .L. 8.. 0.,3 75 .. 205 ....:203,75 ..s' VOW' ~ Rouen ........................: • Orleans .. ... 512,50 ... IS Strasburg to Bale 2,7 50 ... 227 50 ... 223 25 .. £2 25 , PRIESTS AND PEOPLE.-A!1 account appeared in Tile Sun some time since of the persecution inflicted upon a farm labourer of the name of Key by the minister of Barry, a parish in the neighbourhood of Arbroath, which has excited much indignation and sympathy among the people of Scotland. The minister, and those who took part with him, were hooted in their own stronghold, the Presbytery, and were Obliged to take shelter in a public. house, where th ey proposed to discuss, with closed doors, a charge brought against the clergy roan) hut the waled declined their authority and aflllkaled to a higher Court. l eY, it will be remembered, had buried child on a Sunday, and for this sa cirried duty he was denied Church privileges. 11 1 ,1F-' People to , a man joined with him against bong priestly trauny, and numerous subscrip ehns helve been raised in his behalf. The mer v_ae.ts on the Royal Exchange at Glasgow, on aneelciding the account, held a meeting on the spot, lna r l: 1 a few minutes subscribed 51. for ey, to their hatred of such wanton oppression. FINE ARTS. Went yesterday to a private view of a Vi ew ~ Cave and a series of Cosmoramic day...! , Which will be opened to the public this Stra n dd are shown at the Lowther Bazaar in the •i The Cave is situated in the rear of the le ad , t, and is entered by a flight of steps which l'ate h • le a d, n ,, from the around floor. It is of id„, elght, is long, an'd somewhat narrow, and . the eriaZ,To comina posed of rough pillars of rock, which, with glittering spars, produce a very itr e - „, -s : 111 g and striking effect. At the further ex tran -t Y of the Cave, and directly facing the en .thFre is a view of the new Light-house, Ba n is is proposed to erect on the Goodwin eo n ) and the effects of which are so admirably help trivd that the spectator, witka very slight he Prod, the fancy, might actually imagine that ,Was hating beyond a real, natural cavern— openenas in the Isle of Wight—right upon the sea, with the light•rhouse in the distance, ...ourid which t h e waves are dashing in a truly life like style. The artful management of the lights greatly assists the force of this illusion. The Cos niorarnic Views are numerous, well chosen, and 'Nell contrasted, so as to afford the greatest . possible entertainment and variety. They run along both sides of the Cave; and among them, isa in the middle distance, and is seen to the tit lost advanta ge i n all its grand proportions. 1 - 4 L-PParently the sketch is taken from the top of the Long Walk, and in the fore-ground are seen aeveral sunny forest-glades, studded with troops for deer. Nothing can be more accurate than this cl ever sketch, which wears the strictest sem ,. ,h3ance of reality, and will be instantly recognised by gll who have seen the original. The View of Consontinople is remarkable for the vivid glow and war crith of the colouring. That irregular and Somewhat fantastic structure, the Seraglio, is, of "otirse, a Co. ASOCLIOUS object in this sketch. Ca ,iais by Moonl, ; 0 - ht contrasts forcibly with the pre ceding ing View, moon firigl if has all the still, cold, lifeless 400 k ofthe 1' ` hour. The Capture of Arnoy is full of spirit mid animation, and great pains seem to have been taken to preserve cor rectness of locality. The batteries are of prodi gious strength A nd massiveness, and the British ships, which are pouring in incessant broadsides On them, float upon the restless, heaving waters with every appearance of reality. The Deluge is from an original design by Martin, and is a very fair imitation of his yeculiar manner. There are several other Cosmoramic Views—especially cue of the Thames Tunnel, in which a long reach of perspective is handled with singular adroitness --but the above are the most felicitous in point Of execution. We have little doubt that the Zxhibition will be an attractive one, for no ex pense seems to have been spared in the endea vour to furnish amusement. The rooms which are devoted to the purposes of the Bazaar, are ',scarcely less worthy of a visit, for they are fitted 'up with singular tact and elegance/ are orna mented with handsome chandeliers, and are be sides of very imposing dimensions. I, , deed the whole building, whether as regards its iati tior or exterior, is one of the handsomest of its kin 4 in London. h~. ~, ORy V. TORY" At the Shropshire Borough sessions, last week, the Grand Jury , unanimously found a true bill against Mr. Ouseley, editor of the Shropshire Conservative for a seri es o f libels upon Dr. Mackenzie, editor o f the Salopitn Journal. The Recorder imme diately issued a bench warrant for the apprehension of Mr. Ouseley.—Courier." [T c ounty and boroughs of Salhis is a di sgrace to _the op, represeted by the twelve Apostles. Have the Tori es no Liberal in that district to combat, without devourir.g one another ?] THE iVIrLroRD PACKET STATION.—A ru mour is prevalent that this establishment is about to be done away with .tract f , and th e ma i ls to be forwarded by con rom Bristol either to Cork or Waterford. lee T HE DUK E OF CLEYELAI.:D.—We regret to irn on inquiry to-day at the marision of his Grace the Duke of Cleveland, in St. James's-square, that no fa" vouraVe change has taken place in his Grace's condition s,liace on Wednesday. The answer to inquiries is that c , the D u k e • remains much tlio same." SUMMARY OF NEWS AND Pttlittir Optnion. " Who runs may read." FOREIGN. The draft of the Address to the Chamber of Peers, in answer to the Speech from the Throne, was read in the Chamber on Tuesday. Several Members of the French Cabinet were present. It is a mere echo of. the Speech, interspersed with a few fulsome compliments to the King, at the expense of truth and modesty. - The Prince de la Moskwa, son of Marshal Ney, speaking upon the Address, made a violent attack upon England, whom he accused of having always been the enemy of France. We freely acknowledge that the Prince personally has but too much cause to entertain no kindly feeling towards this country. He 'opposed the Address. The Marquis de Boissy was the second orator on Tues day. Like a schoolboy with his theme he spread out his manuscript, and read more shameful libels out of it in a quarter of an hour than we have met with in the Journal du Potpie for five years. He had the insolence to denounce the Regent of Spain as a traitor and an executioner ; he branded the Public Press as blasphe mous and immoral ; and he demanded the establishment of a social despolism for the repression of all freedom of opinion. M. Guizot had the good taste to insist upon a withdrawal of the offensive epithets applied to the Re gent of Spain, but not a voice was lifted up in condem nation of the cowardly libeller of the Press. The National states that, although the Ministerial Journals thought proper to deny that a serious battle had taken place between 'some regiments belonging to the garrison of Paris, it appears from a return of the wounded remaining in the hospital of the Gros-Caillon on the 9th inst., that the 11th Regiment of the Line had 17 wounded, the 19th Regiment 13, the 59th Regiment 21, the 2d Light Infantry 11, the 22d Light Infantry 9, the 3d Lancers 9, the 3d Artillery 3, Invalids 3, sun dry others 7—total 93. The consumption of butcher's meat in Paris, for the year 1841, amounted to 69,164 oxen, 22,050 cows, 66,845 calves, and 432,657 sheep; being a diminution, as com • pared with the year 1840, of 2,405 oxen, 4,954 calves, and an increase of 1,129 cows, and 117 sheep. This diminution represents 2,000,0001 b. weight of meat, or a little more than 2 per cent. on the consumption compared with the year 1840 ; or, in other words, the annual consumption of a town of 20,000 inhabitants. This diminution shows the dreadful condition of the working classes in Paris; for it is to be borne in mind that up wards of 6,000 labourers from the provinces were during the greater part of the last year employed upon the for tifications. La Presse states, that the police, having received infor mation that a manufactory of forged English and Prus sian bank notes was at full work in Paris, surrounded a house at Passy on Monday where it was suspected the persons resided who were occupied in this fraudulent pursuit. The printing press used in fabricating those notes was discovered, together with a number of forged bank-notes. The Soho steam-boat, which arrived at Antwerp on Sunday, had on board Mr. Charles Brindle, in the ser vice of the Court at Windsor, who was the bearer of despatches for the Belgian Government. Lord Westmoreland, the Ambassador of the Queen of Great Britain at the Court of Berlin, accompanied by his son, Lord Burghersh, arrived at Brussels on Alonday, and after having visited the curiosities of that city, proceeded on their way to London. .~ 4 e 4. 1 wt sit i y bedel ich O e° , nge r the igtocraeY e repea t ' 'auger o', the us t , right 01 y done t° .m ' f r nf l of Yiti pCV exile by a fi° o ? ' , t l', irecise ) t y: i 115 the, I ler- e .ea vie' iO r %e at y c 0 51 0' B e ',II ;ire t f llo o / ; it3 e Ere lle i ;e!' u l° to r 11 0 ff 0- 5 i e e lee it teo ere ) jl ~nd i desV e ' he cti° l d ` Y bv, j , ~i, ~h PUNCLIC OPINXON. The Times contains an article on the Rural Police sys tem, to which it is strongly opposed, describing it as a very unnecessary innovation, which has augmented local burdens without diminishing crime. " Public opinion," adds our Contemporary, " may be expected, sooner or later, to pat an end to this rural nuisance ; but in order to furnish it with fitting dispatch, its opponents must form themselves into active Committees in every part of the kingdom, and thus bring their influence to bear against it in a constitutional way." The Chronicle reverts to the engrossing question of the Corn-laws, observing Ethat these laws prevent the people getting the more work which it is allowed they want ; that the work-provider is growing corn across the sea, and the landowners intercept the exchange ; and that they will not let the people have the more work that is wanted, both by the would-be employer and the would be workman. The Herald, in noticing a Puseyite tract, just put forth by the Rev. Francis Wackerbarth, declares of this noisy tract, that it has perused nothing so utterly shock ing to every notion of decency, of common sense, of good taste, of Christian feeling, of mere worldly pru dence. The tract, it seems, is dedicated to St. Athana sius— a most appropriate Saint for a Puseyite pam phleteer to dedicate to. The Post states that the report of the Duke of Buck ingham being likely to replace Lord Cowley as. Am •bassador to the Court of France is utterly unfounded. 4 . Lord Cowley," says the Post, " is not about to leave Paris, the Duke of B uc ki ng h am i s no t a b ou t t o qu it the billet, nor has there been, for a single moment, any idea of a separation between the Duke and his col leawues or the slightest circumstance from which such an idea could have sprung." The Advertiser asserts that there can be no question that Sir Robert Peel means to do something, with the view of modifying the Corn monopoly, and adds—" Sir Robert will soon find, to his cost, if he seek to steer a middle course between the monopolists and the country,- that he will only forfeit the friendship and the confidence of the former, while he will not obtain the approbation or support of the latter." The Dublin Evening Post thus alludes to the Tory candidate for that city :—" They have hooked the lad.' Five thousand for a beginning. Mr. Gregory is beginning early. His father has only come into his granduncle's estate, and he forks ont a year's rental at once. Though young, it is said he is a distinguished member of the Turf. Is it possible that he has no friends ? Is there no one to be found, who will have the common charity to tell him, that a Dublin election is the worst betting-book he ever opened ?" The YoreCourant, speaking of the present Ministry, says :—" They are do-nothings where the interests of the people are concerned, but they have ever shown them selves ready hands at finding their way into the pockets of the people. It cannot be denied that the finances of the country are in a depressed and a deranged state, from which the measures proposed by the late Government would have given them an immediate turn for the better, and a gradual arrival at a healthy permanency." In reference to the Irish Tory Government the Chel tenham Examiner remarks as follows : "From the stubborn nature of his Irish supporters kis not improba ble that Sir Robert Peel may yet find Ireland his chief difficulty. Like all trimmers, it seems Lord de Grey's fate to please neither party. Strike high or low, there is no pleasing Paddy. The Noble Viceroy, a few weeks since, in bestowing an appointment, passed over the claims of Mr. West, M.P. for Dublin, and So chagrined were the Dublin Tories with the slight, that they forth with dissolved their Registration Society out of pure re venge !—a truly Hibernian notion of vengeance 1" re.oNEr-TP.PIDE-COAVATETWE. The itc;ires..7Of manufactures in Europe is well in stanced, in a lecture delivered at Paris, by M. Blanquis, the traveller. "In Russia," said he, " I found exactly the contrary of what I expected to find, viz., immense manufactures scattered on all points. In the heart of Turkey I found an old Paella, an ancient chief of Janis saries, who had hung up his terrible yataghan against the wall, devote himself to commerce and arts." COMMERCIAL REFORM. The great Anti-Corn-law Bazaar at ]!,izincliester will be held in the Theatre Royal there on Monday, the 31:;t, and it is now fitting up for stalls, saloons, &c. ImITERA.E.Y AND SCIENTIFIC. Mr. Foulstun, the well-known Plymouth architect, died at the age of 69 last Thursday. The visit of Baron Von Humboldt to this country with the King of Prussia, is looked forward to in the scientific world with considerable interest. The Report of the Commission on the plans and de signs for the tomb of Napoloon is expected to be pub lished this week in Paris. NAVAL AND MILITARY. The Commandership of the Dover Garrison has been given to Lieut.-Col. Blockley, of the Royal Artillery. The steam-vessel Avon, while about 30 miles from land in St. George's Channel, with her crew and 140 volunteers on board, caught fire by spontaneous combus tion a few (lays since, and had her deck burnt fore and aft from 12 to 14 feet. Fortunately the passengers suf fered no injury, and the vessel after great exertions on the part of the crew for six hours, was at last brought into Milford. It will take a fortnight to repair the damage. LAW AND POLICE, Ten or twelve young men were brought before Alder man Wilson on Wednesday, at the Mansion House, for entering into the shop of Mr. Church, baker, inC annon street, City, and helping themselves to about four shillings' worth of bread, biscuits, and cakes, which they also distributed among thirty or forty others outside. They pleaded starvation, and had been refused relief. No resistance was offered by them when taken into _ custody, and they were remanded to wait the Lord Mayor's opinion as to their committal. Government has ordered the reward of 1001., offered for the apprehension of Blakesley, to be paid to the two Hertfordshire constables stationed at Hitchin. At Bow -street on Wednesday, a young man, of resp ectable appearance, who gave the name of James Adams, was charged with uttering a forged cheque for the sum of 901., with intent to defraud Messrs. Child and Co., ban kers, of Temple-bar. Ample evidence was given that the prisoner presented a forged cheque, but he said he was merely the agent of a Mr. Holland, who lived at Green's Hotel, Lincoln's Inn, and he knew nothinu what ever of the forgery. The _Magistrate said the prisoner's statement bore all the appearance of truth, but under all the circumstances, he would remand him till Satur day. A question then was started as to the place of con finement, for though the entrance to Child's bank is Oast of Temple-bar, one half of the house is in the Sirstild. The prisoner was finally taken to a station house in the City. A motion was made in the Bail Court on Wednesday, before Mr. Justice Williams, for a writ of habeas corpus, to bring up the body of Bernard Cavanagh from the gaol at Reading, on the ground that the commitment was bad (as the.lawyers say) upon the face of it, and:the Judge required time to consider. Yesterday the writ was granted. The further examination of Mr. Carew, the sculptor, at the Insolvent Debtors' Court, was again postponed on Wednesday, till Saturday, the 29th instant, on account of the indisposition of the Chief Commissioner. THEATRICAL. Madame Vestris, who has for some days been unwell at her villa at Fulham, came to town on Wednesday, to be present at the rehearsal of Elena Überti. Miss Emma Bi ng l ey h as per f ormed the ar d uous cha racter of La Sonnumb u l a , a t th e th ea t re a t N a ples, with great %woes. Fanny Elssler, the celebrated danseuse, has made 80,000 dollars by her professional visit to America, where she still remains. COURT-FASHIONABLE. The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland leave Lillies Mall this day, for Trentham ; and on Tuesday next the family will return to town for the season. The Earl and Countess of Beverley arrived in Port man-square, on Wednesday, from Lord Redesdale's seat in Gloucestershire. Buckhurst Park, the seat of the Earl Delawarr, has been a scene of much gaiety during the week. Viscount and Viscountess Duncan have arrived in Bath, from Wester House, Warwickshire. Lord Dalmeny arrived on Monday from Scotland, and on -Wednesday he left town tor Brighton. The Queen Dowager is expected at Marlborough House on Friday, the 21st inst. THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 14, 1842. 'IMEISCEMLANEOUS. To supply a sheet of ice to the inhabitants of Brighton, a drain, was opened with the intention of overflowing the Brighton Level, which is about ten acres in extent. But on the attempt being made the water rose above the Level, and threw some cellars three feet deep in water. The plan has been since abandoned. - A brilliant and splendid concert was given on Monday evening last in Paris by the Duke and Duchess , of Orleans. Lord and Lady Cowley were amonc , the com pany: Persiani, Tamburini, Lablache, and other singers were engaged on the occasion. It may be regarded as a sign of the times, that two of the old drinking-houses at Monmouth have been con verted into eating-houses. Exitioust OP THE DAY. Sergeant Merewether, Mr. Law, 'the Recorder, and Sergeant Goulburn, are each spoken of as likely to suc ceed. Mr. Justice Bosanquet as a Judge of the Common Pleas. MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS. CITY, THURSDAY EVENING. As the leading brokers continue their sales, and there have been parcels of stock also thrown on the market on account of the Court of Chancery, we cannot yet no tice any improvement in the funds. On the contrary prices again receded a little to-day. Stock for present transfer was more plentiful than for delivery to-morrow, and the prices occasionally were higher for the latter during the day. There-was, however, no marked differ ence between the two ; Consols being 88* to 88i for Money, and 881 to 88i for to-morrow. Exchequer Bills were worth .18s. to 14s. premium, being a slight decline on yesterday's rates. Money was rather scarcer in the Stock Exchange. East India Bonds remained firm at the improvement to 9s. and 11s. Bank Stock was at 167. Reduced Three-and-a-Half per Cents. were 98i to 99 ; New Three-and• a-Half per Cents. 981 to 98, ; and the Three per Cent. Annuities 89 to 891. The Foreign Securities were quiet. Spanish Active Bonds did not range higher than 25 to 25i. Portuguese Three per Cents. were 19* ; and Mexican, 29. Dutch Five per Cents, were 1001 to loci. The Share Market was not more animated than that for Foreign Stocks. Brighton Railway were lower. The others much the same. (From The Sun of Last Night.) LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET,I2.— The de mand for Cotton to-day has been very moderate, the sales scarcely amounting to 3,000 bales, all of which have been taken by the trade at steady prices. LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET, JAN. 12.—The transac tions at the Stock Exchange this day, are—Eastern Counties, 88; Edinburgh and Glasgow, 48; Great West ern, New, 61 ; London and Birmingham, New, 28* ; LondOn and Brighton, 38i. MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, JAN. 12.—Prices continuefirm, and for want of Stock very little business has been done. Our sales are :—North Midland, 72} ; Manchester, Bolton, and Bury, 51i ; Manchester and Birmingham, 28; Manchester and Leeds, Quarter Shares, :3/. 16s. Her Majesty's packet Petrel has arrived with a mail from the West Indies: the dates are, from Jamaica 13th, Trinidad Ist, Demerara 3d, and Barbadoes 4th Dec. The advices, however, are not of importance ; nothing parti cular had transpired in the House of Assembly at Jamaica. The accounts from Trinidad state that the labourers are working well, especially on such estates as pay money alone, and where the last relic ofbarbarism and slavery has been abolished, viz., the truck system. The canes in general are looking well. - Scarcely a bargain has been transacted up to the pro sent time, and the Market remains flat at the leaving off price of yesterday—Consols being quoted at 88+ s ; Ex chequer Bills, 17 19 prem. Spanish Active Stock, 25*1 ; Passive, 5+ 6 ; Portu guese Five per Cents., 321 4 ; ditto Threes, 19+ *; Mexi can Bonds, 28+ 29+. A public meeting of Proprietors and Representatives of Estates took place at Demerara, on the Ist December, at which the fact was elicited, to be laid formally be fore the Governor, that on sixty-two estates (two having been added to the sixty) selected indiscriminately from the district of Demerara and Essequibo the average cost of producing a cask of Sugar was 12 dollars 41 cents. above its average market price. The intelligent labourers themselves cannot expect that Sugar will continue to be raised under such a system. The Government broker has been in the market again this morning, and effected some further sales of Consols at 881 and 88k, which was full lower than the opening price. - The following are the quotations of Consols during the morning :-981 1 ex. div. Money ; 88i 1 tfor the Ac count. Three per Cents. Reduced .are now quoted at 89 ; India Bonds, 911 preth. Exchequer Bills, 15 17. There has been but little business transacted in the Foreign Securities. Spanish Active Stock is quoted at 25i ; Portuguese Three : per Cents., 19+ ; Dutch Two and-a-Half per Cents., 51* ; Ditto, Fives, MI. There are only three quotations to notice in the Share Market :—London and Brighton, 37i ; South Western, 58i ; Manchester and Leeds, 70i. Consuls, 88+ ; Ditto February, 89i I ; Mexican, 294 ; Spanish, 25* CLOSING PRICES. BRITISH FUNDS. Uink Stock 167 'lndia Stock .2461 3 per Cent Red B4 'Ditto Bonds 3 per Cent Cons BBL Ditto Old Annuities ... 34 per Cent Red 99 Ditto New Annuities... New 34 per Cent 9Bl ,Ex. Bills, 1,0001. ...21c1 14 pm New 5 per Cent 1 Ditto 5001.... l4 pm Long Annuities to expire I Ditto 5ma11....... 14 pm Jan. 1860 l2 9-16 Bank Stock for Acct... Oct 1859 l2 7-16 India Stock for Acct.... Jan. 1860. FOREIGN FUNDS. Portuguese, 5 per cent. Ditto, New Ditto Prussian, 5 per cent. Russian, 5 per cent ll4l 'Ditto, Metallic Spanish, 5 per cent :2SA Ditto, Deferred •• French, 5 per cent..• —f. —e. Exchange French, 3 per cent —f. —c Dutch, 2i per cent sli Ditto, 5 per cent. ... 100 A Austrian, 5 per cent Belgian, 5 per cent Brazilian Bonds — Buenos Ayres, 6 per ces 20 Chinon, 6 per cent 7O Colombian, 6 per cent.. Ditto, 1824. Danish, 3 per cent .. Greek, 1825, 5 per cent. 'Mexican, 5 per cent. ... 29 Ditto, 6 per cent. 1837 Peruvian, 1825, 6 per ct. SHARES. - Birmingham and Derby Railway (100 pd) Ditto Thirds (25 paid) lBi Birmingham and Gloucester Rail.; ay (100 p) 64i Great Western Railway( 65 paid) Ditto New Shares (50 paid) ......... Ditto Fifth (4 paid) London and Brighton (50 paid). Lcndon and Blackwall Railway (25 paid) ll London and Birmingham (90) ......... ... Ditto New Shares ( 2 paid) ... ........ London and South Western Manchester and Leeds (70 paid) North Midland Railway (100) PUBLIC THOROUGHFARES THROUGH ST. JAMES'S AND HYDE PARKS. In consequence of the preparations making for the christening of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales and the reception of his Majesty the King of Prussia at Backinghnm Palace, the following notice was put up yesterday at the gate on Constitution Hill : " It is ordered—That the gatekeepers do appear at their respective gates in their proper uniforms. " That no hackney-coaches, hackney-chariots, or hired cabs be allowed, under any pretence whatever, to pass through either Sr. James's or Hyde Parks, ex cept through the Birdcage-walk, leading from Story's Gate, Great George-street, Westminster, to St. James's street, Pimlico. That no return post-horses be allowed, under any pretence whatever, to pass through the parks, and that the permission to hackney-ehaises conveying Govern ment messengers to pass through St. James's Park, shall not be extended to any such other hired carriages as before mentioned. " That the gates of St. James's Park, with the ex ception of that communicating with the Birdcage-walk, be kept half closed, and that no carriages or horses but those belonging to the Royal Family, and such persons as have permission, be allowed to pass through such gates. " That no carriages but those occupied by Members of the Royal Family, or by the Grand Falconer, be per mitted to drive in the Queen's-ride, Hyde park. " That the gates of the Birdcage-walk be left open through the night during the sittings of Parliament. That no stage-coaches, omnibuses, carts, waggons, drays, trucks, wheelbarrows, or persons carrying bur dens, be allowed to pass through any of the gates, either of St. James's or Hyde Parks, and the keepers and sen tinels have received orders accordingly. " By command of her Majesty, " AUGUSTUS FREDERICK, Ranger." You will observe by the discussions in the London papers that the question of slave search, raised between the Governments of Great Britain and the United States, has attracted public attention as an immi nent and serious subject of difference. It is doubtless the question which has induced the diplomatic mission of Lord Ashburton. I believe the Noble Baron will sail in about ten days, with his instructions, and perhaps with a power of attorney from " Baring, Brothers ;" and it is be lieved that ; after his mission is concluded, he will look in on Canada before lie returns home. The best informed Americans in London assert that the mission is unnecessary, as President Tyler will never abandon his position against the right of search ; and that any modification of our claim might just as well be agreed between Mr. Everett and Lord Aberdeen in London. Certainly Sir Robert Peel incurs great responsibility in the cost of the mission and in the selection of a wavering-minded man, wholly inexperienced in diplomacy. Lord Ashburton would have gained more reputation by staying at home and resuming his cast-off Opinions on the Corn-laws, than he is likely to reap in Washington. A transatlantic voyage, however, may revive his decayed Liberalism. From the repeated political changes of the Noble Baron's " ideas," Ls Lordship may come home an ardent Republican !- -.London correspondent of the Scotsman. THE AMERICAN NAVY. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. NAVY DEPARTMENT, DEC. 4, 1841.—The Navy or the United States is composed of---;: Eleven ships of the line ; of which one is rated for 120 guns, and ten for 74 . guns. Fifteen frigates , of the: first class ; of which one is rated for .64 guns, and 14 for 44 gum's. Two frigates of the second class, of 36 guns each. Eighteen sloops of war, of which eleven are rated for 20 guns, two for 18 guns, and five for 16 guns. Two brigs and four schooners, rated for 10 guns each. Four steamers; besidei Three store-ships, three vessels used as receiving vessels, and five small schooners.: ' _ At the date of , the last annual Report from this De partment, the ships in commission wars employed as follows In the Mediterranean, the Ohio, of 74 guns, Capt. Lavallette ; the Brandywine, of 44 guns, Capt. Bol ton ; and the Cyane, of 20 guns, Commander Perci val, who was relieved on account of ill health, and succeeded by Commander Latimer ; the whole squa dron under the command of Com. Hull. The Cyane was relieved by the sloop of war Preble, Commander Voorhees, and returned to the United States is May last, her cruise having been performed. The Ohio returned on the I,7th pf July last, and the Brandywine on the 9th of May last. The return of the Brandywine was owing to particular causes, not t connect - id with the ori ginal purposes of her cruise ; and, as her presence in the Meditetranean was important, she was ordered back, under the command of Captain Geishager. In July last, the sloop of war Fairfield, Commander Tett nall, sailed for the Mediterranean, taking, out Corn. Charles W. Morgan, who now commands the squa dron on that station. The squadron consists at present of the Brandywine, Fairfield, and Preble. The honour of the flag, in its intercourse with those of other nations, appears to have bean properly sustained by this squa dron ; a due support and countenance have been af forded to our mercantile interest, and the amicable rela tions of our country with foreign nations have been re spected and preserved. In the Pacific Ocean the frigate Constitution, Capt. Turner ; the sloop of war St. Louis, Commander French Forrest ; the sloop of war Yorktown, Com mander Aulick ; the sloop of war Dale, Commander Gauntt ; and the sehooner Shark, Lieut. Bigelow ; the whole under the command of Corn. Alex. Claxton.— Corn. Claxton died at Talcuabana in March last, to the great loss of the service, and the just regret of the country. Upen that event, the chief command of the squadron devolved on Capt. Daniel Turner, who returned to the United States with the Constitution on the 31st of October last, the time of her cruise having expired. Corn. Thomas Ap. C. Jones, baying been appointed to the command of that station, will sail in the frigate United States in the course of the next fort night. The sloop of war Cyane, Commander Strib ling, sailed for the same station early in November. Upon the arrival of Com. Jones, the squadron, in the Pacific will consist of the frigate United States, the sloops of war St. Loui;, Yorktown, Cyane, and Dale, and the schooner Shark. Orders were given to Com. Claxton to employ one of his vessels in cruising in the Gulf of California and along the northwest coast of America, and, if circum stances should permit, to despatch another to visit the Sandwich and Friendly Islands, in order t, afford protection and assistance to our citizens eng aged in the whale fisheries. In obedience to this o rder, the sloop of war St. Louis, Commander French Forrest, was ordered to cruise in the Gulf and along the wes tern coast of California. This duty was performed in a manner highly creditable to Commander Forrest. The atrocities committed on American and English residects at Monterey and its neighbourhood, by the Mexican authorities, are well known. Under the un founded pretence of a conspiracy among the foreigners to wrest the country from Mexico, and to set up a sepa rate and independent Government of their owo, they were attacked by armed soldiers in the night, wounded, beaten, imprisoned, sent in chains to a distant place, and their property destroyed, without even the forms of trial. In tbe midst of these outrages ' Commander For rest:arrived upon the coast , and, by his prompt and spirited i n terposition, vindicated ; and secured the rights not only of American citizens, but of British subjects resident in Upper California. For these services Com mander a Fm and appears to have well de served,expression of th e th an k s b o th o f Ame rican and English residents. In consequence of the civil disturbances in Upper f o o r r re Forrest received, Peru, it was deemed proper .to despatch the Shark, under the command of Lieutenant A. Bigelow, to cruise upon that coast. The movement was judicious and well-timed, and the delicate trust reposed in Lieutenant Bigelow was discharged in a manner highly satisfactory to this department. The property of American citi zens, exposed to the rapacity a nd lawless violence of contending factions in the midst of civil war, were effec tually protected, while all who witnessed the operations of the Shark were inspired with increased respect for the American flog. It is highly gratifying to observe, that Lieutenant Bigelow, as well as Commander For rest, extended the protection of our flag to the citizens and subjects of other countries as well as to those of our own. _ _ _ In further execution Of the orders of the department, the sloop of war Yorktoivii Commander Aulick, was despatched in May last to ;he Sandwich 'and Friendly Island 9, with a view to render' such assistance'as might be necessary to our whale fishers and other citizens tradingin that part of the Pacific. No intelligence has been received from her since she Left Valparaiso, Tne conduct of this squadron, as well under the command of Commodore Claxton as under that of Cap tain Turner, has been highly satisfactory to the De partment. I would respectfully solicit your attention, in a parti cular manner, to the situation of American interests in the Pacific Ocean. According to an estimate made by an intelligent gentleman lately returned from the Paci fic, there at this time not less than forty millions of dollars employed in the whale fisheries alone, of which the greater part is American. I have great confidence in the accuracy of this estimate ; but, even if it be too large, there will remain, after all reasonable deductions, an interest of vast magnitude and importance. Ameri can merchants have formed establishments in different parts of the coast, from Chili to Colombia river, some of them very extensive and important, and all of them worthy the attention of Government. In Upper Cali fornia there are already considerable settlements of Americans, and others are daily resorting to that fertile aad delightful region. Such, however, is the unsettled condition of that whole country, that they cannot be safe, either in their persons or property, except under the protection of our naval power. This protection cannot be afforded in proper degree, and with suitable promptness by so small a squadron as we have usually kept in that sea. To cruise along so extensive a coast, calling at all nec e s sar y p o i n ts, and at the same time to visit tose parts of the Pacific in which the presence of our ships is necessary for the protection and assistance of our whale fisheries, requires twice the number of vessels now employed in that service. It is highly de sirable, too, that the Gulf of California should be fully expiored ; and this duty alone will give employment for a long time to one or two vessels of the smallest class. For these reasons I have caused estimates to be prepared for a large increase of the Pacific squadron. I also respectfully submit to your consideration the propriety of establishing, at some suitable point on our territory bordering that ocean, a post to which our vessels may resort. Many positions well adapted to this object may be found between the mouth of Co lumbia river and Guayaquil, which, it is presumed, may be procured, if they be not to be found on our own territory. Our public vessels cruising in that ocean are generally absent from the United States not loss than four years ; within which time they neces airily require a variety of supplies which cannot now be obtained without very great difficulty and expense, Any considerable repair is almost impossible, with all the means which can be furnished by all the na tions of the coast. Such a post would also be of in calculable value as a place of . refuge and refreshment to our commercial marine. I need not enlarge on the many and great benefits which might be expected from the establishment of some general rendezvous for all our vessels trading and cruising in this distant sea. In addition to this, a naval depot at the Sandwich Islands would b e of ver y g reat advantage. It is a a n n viences and accommodations.yen peculiar rec ommen d at i ons o f c li mate and local possesses c onveniences The ex ploring squadron, under th e comman d o f Li e utenant Charl es Wilk es , consists of the sloop of war Vincennes, commanded by th a t o ffi cer; the Peacock, Lieutenant H u d so n ; the brig Porpoise, Lieutenant Ri ngg old ; and the schooner Flying Fish, as a tender to down to the 6th o f April, 1840, has the squadron. bee i n nte c i o l;n mgemueneicated in previous reports from this De partment. At that time the squadron was in New Zealand. In further prosecution of his cruise, Lieut. Wilkes visited the Fejee Islands, and succeeded in establishing useful regulations of trade and intercourse with some of the principal chiefs. His surveys of this group were prosecuted with great care and industry, and have served to ascertain the positions of a large num ber of dangerous reefs, and to indicate many secure and convenient harbours. This will be of great value to our citizens trading with that group, and particu larlyes; co l n n sidered too dangerous to en ter, many of the harbours, in :e:v.a although f ew are to b e f oun d i n t h e whr whaleso h abound, neighbouringcht hitherto te s w e a i h . l The melancholy tragedy which has already been an nounced in the public journals was enacted at this group. Lieut. Joseph A. Underwood and Midship man Wilkes Henry, while engaged in surveying, were treacherously assailed by the natives, and after a brave but ineffectual resistance, were murdered, before it was possible to relieve them. Their bodies were arrested and properly interred, and Lieut. Wilkes inflicted on the offending savages a severe chastisement, which will probably deter them from similar outrages in future. He was also fortunate enough to capture a noted chief, who instigated the massacre of the greater part of the crew of the brig Charles Dagget, o iSalem, in 1834. This chief he proposes to bring to the United States, to be dealt with as the Government shall direct. The brig Dolphin, Commander Bell, and schooner Grampus, Lieut. Paine, returned, the former in May, and tho 'attn. in August last, from their second cruise on the coast of Africa. These vessels have been ac- tively and efficiently engaged in the suppression of the slave-trade, and in the protection of our citizens engaged in commerce on that coast. I regret to say that their officers and crews have suffered severelj from the diseases of the climate; and it is owing in a great degree to the constant vigilance and prudent precautions of the commanders, that their sufferings were not still greater. Notwithstanding the extreme sickliness of the climate, it is impossible to dispense with a squadron on that coast. In addition to the in. teresting duty of suppressing the slave trade, which could not be otherwise effected, the lawful commerce of our citizens with all parts of the coast is rapidly in creasing, and already employs a very largo capital. This trade is an object of so much importance, and is contended for in so strong a spirit of rivalry by traders of different countries, that the presence of national ves sels is absolutely necessary to protect them in their just rights, and to prevent those outrages, unfriendly to the harmony of nations, to which men are often driven by the thirst of gain. The operations of these vessels have been highlj valuable in protecting the rights of our citizens engaged in trade, and in preventing the traffic in slaves. They have performed all that could have beau reasonably ex pected of so small a force. An additional number of vessels, some of which should be of larger size, will un doubtedly be necessary for the security of our increasing trade in that quarter, and for the effectual suppression of the slave trade. This trade, I regret to say, is still carried on to a considerable extent, notwithstanding the vigilance of our cruisers, aided by the active co-opera tion of those of England. The steamships Missouri and Mississippi, built under the Act of 3d March, 1839, the former at New York, and the latter at Philadelphia, are nearly ready for service, and will form a parted the home squadron. Orders have been given for the construction of three steamers of medium size, under the Act of 3d March, 1641, one at New York, one at Philadelphia, and one at Norfolk. In addition to these, Captain R. F. Stockton is superintending the construction, at Phila delphia, of a steamer of 600 tons, to be propelled by „Ericcson's propeller ; and Lieutenant %V. W. Hunter is engaged in like manner at Norfolk with one of 300 tons, to be propelled by submerged water-wheels in vented by himself. Very valuable results are antici pated from these experiments. Orders have been given to build a first-class sloop and three small vessels of war, and to finish the frigates Cumberland, Savannah, Raritan, and St. Lawrence. The balance in the Treasury to the credit of the Navy Hospital Fund is 217,907 dols. 53e. This fund is gradually increasing, from the assessment of 20 cents pes mouth upon the pay of officers, seamen, and marines, so that a continuing surplus may be expected. I re commend that authority be given to invest these sur pluses, as they accrue, in some interest bearing fund. So much of its annual increase as may not be needed for the particular purposes of the fund may be advanta applied, in other forms, to the comfort of our seamen. The average annual increase of this :fund, from the Ist January, 1830,has been 27,223 d015.67c.; which, if it had been invested in six per cent stock, would have added to the amount 57,482 dols. 4c. on the Ist of January next. - 01 the appropriation for the " suppression of the slrive trade," there remains unexpended the sum of 4,365 dots. 14c., which has been carried to the surplus fund. I recommend that it be reappropriated, and the further sum of 3,000 doh, be added, in order to meet outstanding liabilities of this fund. Under the Lad of " continssencies not enumerated," there remains, of the appropriations of the last three years, the sum of 9,246 dots. 76c., of which 3,246 dols. 76c. will be carried to the surplus fund on the Ist of January next, if not previously applied to the proper purposes of the fund. Great difficulty is experienced in the enlistment of seamen. To what cause this should be attributed I am unable to say ; and consequently I am not prepared to suggest any remedy. It is, however, probably true, that the mere seaman is of too little consideration in the general estimate of the service. Laws and regula tions securing to him the enjoyment of his just rights, liberal wages punctually paid, and a strict application, if not an extension, of the benevolent policy which provides for him or his family when he is disabled or killed in the service, would probably secure for 'our ships of war the preference in most cases over those of the merchant service. Measures have been adopted, and are now in pro cess of execution, for supplying the navy with the re- , quisite guns. Less progress has been made than was i desirable, because of the great pains which have been taken to obtain the best guns which could ho procured in the country. In a short time they will be furnished of the various descriptions used in the service, including the Paishan guns. I have, under your directions, taken measures for the construction of a steamer on Lake Erie, in compliance with the Act of the 9th September, 1841. That reform is necessary, in every part of our naval establishment, is on all hands admitted ; and it is a subject of general regret that it has been so long de layed. The delay has been in the highest degree in jurious to the service, and is daily rendering reform more and more difficult, as it becomes more and more indispensable. Impressed with this truth, and anxious that no time should be lost in commencing this im portant work, 1 respectfully bring it to your notice at the earliest day. The first step ought to be the preparation of a full code of laws and rules for the government and re gulation of the naval service. Without this, every other measure of reform would be unavailing. It is of the essence of free Government that the rights, the duties, and the responsibilities of all men, in all condi tioes, should be ascertained and accurately defined ; and it is of the essence of tyranny that men should be punished for imputed offences, or at the arbitrary dis cretion of their judges. The evils resulting fro:n the want of a proper naval code are of the most serious character, and will, if not remedied, ultimately ruin the naval service of our country. What can be expected of a community of men living together under circumstances tending to constant excitement and collisions, with no fixed law to govern them, and where even rank and station are im perfectly defined? The necessary consequence of such a state of things must be, disputes, contests, disorder, and confusion. The unbounded latitude of discretion allowed to Courts Martial is of most evil consequence, and calls loudly for correction. It invites to the in dulgence of prejudice and favouritism—subjecting light offences to undue punishment, and suffering great offenders to escape with trivial penalties. To prevent these evils, to remedy the disorders which now prevail, and to place the Navy in a healthy and efficient con dition, it is absolutely necessary to provide for it a code of laws and rules which shall accurately define rank and authority, plainly prescribe duties and responsibili ties, and ascertain crimes and their punishments. There is reason to believe that it is now the settled pollee of the Government to increase the Navy as rapidly as the means at its disposal will admit, and it may therefore be unnecessary that I should offer any suggestions upon that subject. We may safely estimate the mercantile property of our citizens annually afloat on the ocean, and employed in foreign trade, at not less than 120,000,000 dol. ; and to this is to be added the value of the vessels in which that property is conveyed, and the value of American interests vested in mercantile establishments abroad, and dependent on American trade. The coast ing trade, not including such articles as are exported, cannot be accurately estimated, but it certainly amounts to many millions of dollars. Taking the aggregate of all property annually exposed to an enemy on the ocean, on the lakes, and on our principal bays and rivers, it will probably be found that it does not fall short of 150,000,000 dol. So large an interest is entitled to demand, and justly expects to receive, the most certain and ample protection. . . Trade is never secure unless it can, at all times and in all places, appeal for support to the national flag, and it ought to feel that it is safe wherever that flag is dis played. Every nation engaged in foreign commerce to any valuable extent presides, as a part of its established policy, an adequate military marine. Our own coun try is far behind all the considerable nations of the world in this respect. England, with much less than twice our foreign tonnage, has more than eight times as many vessels of war, exclusive of her steam-ships ; Prance, with only one-third of our foreign tonnage, has more than five times as many vessels of war. Wars often arise from rivalry in trade, and from the conflicts of interests which belong to it. The presence of an adequate naval force, to protect commerce, by promptly redressing the injuries which are done to it, is one of the best means of preventing those disputes and collisions, which are so apt to interrupt the peace and harmony of nations. Heretofore we have found in the shallowness of many of our waters security, to a certain extent, against invasions by sea. So long as maritime wars were conducted in vessels of largo size and great draught, we had little to apprehend from them except at a few points, and those were susceptible of adequate defence on land. But this security can no longer be relied on. The application of steam power to vessels of war, and the improvements which have recently been made in artillery, are destined to change the whole sys tem of maritime war. Steamboats of light draught, and which may be easily transported across the ocean in vessels of a larger class, may invade us at almost any point of our extended coast, may penetrate the interior Ithrough our shallow river s , an d th us expose half our country to hostile attacks. The celerity with which these movements could be made, the facility with which such vessels could escape, and the promptness with which they could change the point of attack, would en al)le an enemy, with a comparatively inconsiderable fog ee, to harass our whole seaboard, and to carry all the horrors of war into the securest retreats of our people. The effect of these incursions would be terrible every- I where, but in the southern portion of our country they might, and probably would, be disastrous in the extreme. It is obvious that a war thus conducted must be successful to a ♦ery great extent, in spite of all the de fences on land which we could contrive. The policy of increasing our navy, without further delay, is o'svi ous. How far it shall be increased, the wisdom of Congress will decile. Looking to it as the chief, if not the only adeqnate defence of our country against those wars of incursions from which so much •vil is to be apprehended, I respectfully suggest that we can not safely stop short of half the naval force of the, strongest maritime Power in the world. With less) than this, our fleets would serve only to swell the tri umphs and feed the cupidity of our enemy. It is better to have noes at all than to have less than enough. I am aware that this great increase of our isval power cannot be effected in any short time. 1 propose it only as tile object at which our policy ought to aim, and towards the attainment of which your Inca esres ought to be steadily directed. An annual appro priation, as liberal as the means of the Treasury would allow, will in a few years accomplish all that is desirable. Of what description of vessels our navy ought to be composed, is a question of great importance, and one which we are compelled to decide with reference to the practice of other countries. Doubtless a very large part of it ought to consist of steam ships. Experience has shown that these vessels may be rendered per fectly safe at sea, and that they may be so construc ted as to adapt them, in other respects, to purposes of war. Of thtir great usefulness the world has had a striking proof in the recent operations of the British squadron on the coast of Syria—troops were trans. ported a distance of two thousand miles over the ocean and were engaged in battle in Asia Minor on the six teenth day after leaving England. This and other fa cilities afforded by this class of vessels were so great and effective that the Admiral declared that " his suc cess was owing to the efficiency of his steamers." We may well profit by the lesson thus taught us. I respectfully suggest, however, that it would not be wise in us to engage verb extensively in the construc tion of steamships of war of the largest class at this time. Imitating the example of England, our wisest policy would be to aid the private enterprise of our citizens in constructing packet ships, t• ply between this country and foreign ports. These should, of course; be so constructed as to fit them for war purposes, and should be field subject to the demand of the Govern ment upon equitable conditions. There will, in all probability, be enough of such vessels to answer all the purposes for which steamships of the largest class would be required, and they would be furnished at a comparatively small cost to the Government. Experi ments are now in progress which promise important re sults in these respects, and it would probably be judi cious not to expend large sums in the construction of steam ships for distant cruises until these results shall he made known. But the same reasoning does not apply to steam vessels of a smaller class, destined for the defence of our own coast and harbours. These ought not, under any circumstances, to be delayed. They would he particularly useful on the lakes and iu the Gulf of Mexico. In my opinion, there is no necessity at present to increase the number of our line of battle ships. Some of those which we now have would be more useful if cut down to frigates of the largest class. There is, even in the present condition of the service, a pressing demand for sloops of war, brigs, and schooners ; and I recommend that a suitable number of them be imme diately built. Not loss than ten are necessary, even in the present condition of our Navy. One of them should be kept in commissio❑ and ready for service at each of our principal ports ; and this may be done without any considerable additional expense, because they will al. ways be prepared to perform a variety of duties for which the Government now pays high prices to merchant vessels. In view of any considerable increase of the navy, a large addition to our frigates of the first class ought to be made. Our present 44-gu❑ frigates would not en counter, upon equal terms, the modern frigates of the first class of England and France. To enable us to contend successfully with these, the principle maritime Powers of Europe, we must not only increase our gene ral naval force in proportion as they increase theirs, but we must also build vessels of corresponding size and description with those which they will use against us. I renew, with anxious desire for its success, the re commendation so often made by my predecessors for the establishment of higher grades in the naval service. This will be absolutely necessary if the Navy should he considerably increased, and would be highly useful, even in its present condition. It is, as a general rule, wise and politic to establish as many grades as possible in all military service. The officer should always have before him some station, vet to be reached, a ndjworthy of a high and generous ambition. He who has attained all that is attainable has no need of any further exertions than just enough to sustain him where he is ; all beyond this is supererogatory, for lie is I not pet mitted to hope that either the utmost exertions of his powers, or the most generous self-sacrifices in the 11 public service will ever raise him one grade higher in the ranks of his countrymen. Of the importance of marines in the naval service, but one opinion is now entertained. The principal maritime nations of the world, with the exception of ourselves alone, have within jate years greatly increased this part of their force. I respectfully suggest that there should be provided for each ship not less than one marine for every gun, besides a sufficient for the police of naval stations on shore. ♦ still larger proportion of marines would, in the opinion of experienced officers, be highly valuable in the service. The laws and regulations for the government of the marine corps are extremely imperfect, and require amendment. A new code has already been prepared by a board of officers constituted for the purpose, which it is proposed to incorporate in the general revi sion of the naval code, bereinbefore recommended. The propriety of establishing naval schools has fre quently been submitted to the consideration of Con gress. I again respectfully bring it to your notice, as a subject of increasing interest to the Navy. The use of steam vessels in war will render necessary a different order of scientific knowledge from that which has here tofore been required. If our Navy should be increased by the addition of any considerable number of steam vessels, engineers will form an important class of na val officers. It will be necessary to assig❑ to them a❑ appropriate rank, and to subject them to all the laws of the service. Having recommended a largo increase in most of our squadrons, it followed, of course, that I should ask the requisite appropriations to support them. Presuming that Government does not build ships without designing to use them, it would appear to be the obvious duty of this department to keep as many of them in constant service as can be profitably employed. This is, indeed, the true economy. Some of our finest ships have de cayed to a serious extent, while yet upon the stocks, and still more have, after having been launched, required extensive repairs before they have been sent to sea. This is the necessary consequence of keeping them in our docks. Ships in actual service are gene rally clean, tight, dry, and properly ventillated. A careful guard is kept over them, so that slight decays are immediately detected, and repaired without any considerable expense. It has frequently happened that our vessels have been found, after their return from long cruises, in better order for service than when they left the docks. On the other hand, when they are kept in port without crews, they decay rapidly, for want of the care and attention necessary to preserve them. It may well be doubted whether the aggregate of losses sustained and repairs rendered necessary, by the non use of our vessels, has fallen very far short of what it would have cost to keep them in commission. But this is the least part of the evil. While vessels are un•mployed our officers are idle. They thus lose the opportunity of acquiring a due knowledge of their profession, and naturally full into those habits which idleness always engenders. It would not be surprising if they should forget, in some degree, their respect for the flag which they are S 3 rarely permitted to hoist, and lose in indolence and despondency, the lofty spirit and generous aspirations to which the Navy owes its past renown. An efficient Navy cannot be built and supported without very great expense ; but this expense is more than repaid, even in time of peace, by the services which such a Navy can render. In war, it will be worth to us all the value which we place on the safety of our exposed seacoast, on the security of millions of our people, and on the well-earned glory of our naval flag. It is enough that a necessity for this expenditure can be shown ; the amount of it will be a secondary con sideration with a people who truly love their country and properly value its institutions. A. P. UPSHER. WEST INDIES. Her Majesty's packet Petrel, Lieutinant Crooke, ar rived on Tuesday night from the West Indies. Her sail ing dates were as follow :—Barbadoes, Nov. 27; St. Lucia and Martinique, 122; Dominica, Guadaloupe, and Antigua, 29 ; Montserrat, Nevis, and St. Kitt's 30 ; Tortola, Dec. 1 ; arriving at St. Thomas Dec. 2, where she received the Jamaica mails of Dec. 14, by the Spitfire steamer, and the La Guyra and island mails by the Tartarus. The Hope, the preceding packet, sailed from St. Thomas four days prior to the Petrel. The next packet is not known to have arrived at Barbadoes by this vessel's advices. Passengers by the Petcrel— Mr. E. Nanton, Lieut. Sibthorp, 60th Rifles, Lieut. West, 82d Regiment, Mr. John Cater, Mr. 1). Milhado and lady, Lieut. Bryan, R.N., Mr. IL Warnford, and Mr.: J. Edwards. The Petrel sailed from St. Thomas, on her homeward voyage, on Dec. 20. Her freight is: but a trifling one. The proceedings of the Colonial Legislature of Ja maica are not of special interest ; but we select the fol lowing from our advices Excellency the Governor has been pleased to issue a new writ of election for the parish of St. Mary. The scrutiny on the Hanover election was going on. The silk company bad applied to the house for a loan. The history of the company is brief but important, when taken in conjunction with the aforementioned application. A party came here from America with:mulberry plants, to rear them in the island, and to introduce the silk company. It was to be of s uch a prolific and advan- MORNING SUN tageous order that the capital was named, and early re quisitions for shares recommended because they were limited. The list became filled, a first call was made, land purchased, labourers imported, and the Governor's spe ec h announce d t h e early success of the undertaking. All this h as b een sa id , b ut no pu bli s h e d report of t h e company's condition and progress has been exhibited. It is not likely to meet with the desired assistance. The Copp er C o i n Regulation Bill, for the purpose of making copp er, to the extent of one shilling, a legal ten der in any one payment, has been resolved by their Honours of the Council, shall be read " this day three months." Who doubted this result? No thinking man whatever. The Council has very properly stopped its further movement, and saved their own time, as well as h i, e xa c y ir s cl eo thi a t s i i o d n ere o d f , ci‘o.opnedr prerogative of the Sove shown their knowledge of the thbeonaety in this island, tended with the r ;e ig h . ave l a ' most beneficial results ; but in the absence of any desire on the part of the public to avail themselves of this con venience, this is nut the way to enforce the matter. SUGAR 1301 LING.—A number of the lion. Members of Assembly and other gentlemen proceeded on Thursday last to Retreat Estate, in St. Joint's, the property of the Honourable Edward Thompson, to witness the results of Mr. Lockhart's new method of hanging coppers ; and the trial which then took place, we understand, succeeded beyond the most sanguine expectatioas of the gentlemen present. Among the gentlemen present were the Hon. Joseph Gordon, 11. L. Garrigues, Dr. Morales, L. His lop, and W. Colhuan, Esqrs. The operation was tried in a set of coppers, only three in number, containing 500 gallons each, and front which 4,800 gallons of cane juice were evaporated 4 . 12 hours, which would be equal to three hogsheads of sugar if the juices were of rich quality; but in the present instance, the canes being weak, the juices were consequently pour. The result, however, was most satisfactory. It is with pleasure that we learn from a correspondent in the Carpenter's Mountains District of Manchester, " that though showers are daily falling, which retard the curing of the coffee, they do no injury to the berries on the trees; that the labourers are diligently employed picking them off; that they will be of very good quality and few light ones to be found among them." We do hope and trust that similarly favonrable accounts may be received from other quarters, to make some amends for nearly three years of drought and other untoward circumstances. One of the Commissioners under the Stamp Act has been most properly abolished, as we, in a former number, submitted that it ought ; while the salary of the remain ing one is raised from 3001. to 4001. per annum, in conse quence of the extra work. At the Council Chamber, on Dec. 9, the following bills underwent the usual formalities and were passed :—The Import and Export Duty Bill, the Land Tax Duty Bill, and the Bill to amend the 21st c. 4 Vic., c. 54. Messrs. Wright and Barnett brought over from the Hon. Assem bly the Bill to encourage the Breed of Horses, the Soli citor's Fee, and the Masters in Chancery Bill, which were read a first time and committed. On the 10th his Excellency the Governor, having taken his seat at the head of the Hon. Board of Council, the Usher of the Black Rod was sent to require the attend ance of the Hon. Assembly, and the lion. House being present, his Excellency was pleased to give assent to the several bills that had been passed, viz.:—Land Tax, Duty on Foreign Goods, Police, to amend the Act relating to Appeals from Assessments, Customs at Alligator Pond, to encourage the Breed of Horses, to repeal the Acts re lathe to Masters of Vessels entering into Bonds, In dented Persons quitting- the Lsland during Martial Law, O'Kecoi2's Private. Bill, Turner's Private Bill. Dr. Paul's late appeal to the Fourth Estate, and pub lication of his petition to the Council, having been voted by that august body a " breach of their privileges," he was summoned to attend, and after a lengthy scene he was discharged. There is nothing of interest by this opportunity from the other colonies. KINGSTON MARKETS. WHOLTAALE PRICES, STEIILING.—Sugar, 38.5. to 40s. per 100ibs. ; Coffee, 70s. to 90s. per 100Ibs. ; Pimento, 2d. per lb. ; Flour, at 345. ; Cornmeal, at 185. ; East India Ince, at 15s. to 16s. ; Crackers, at 19s. ; Bread—Pilot, at 19s. ; ditto Navy, at 17s. ; Butter, at Is. ; Lard, 103. to 10 d. ; Candles, at Bd. to 9d. ; Soap, at 9s. to 16s. ; Fish at 14s. 6d. ; Pork—Quebec, at G4s. ; Irish, at 84s. ; Hams, at 11d., scarce. We regret to record the death of John Calvert, M.D., arid member of most of the Philosophic and Learned So cieties of Europe. The Doctor's health has been declin ing for a considerabir period, and under an impression that the salubrious air of Falmouth would tend to sup port, if not invigorate, his shattered constitution, he re mained there instead of pursuing his original intention of taking a voyage to Madeira. Thus, on the very day on which he attained his fortieth year (last Sunday), this eminent man ceased to exist. CIVIL ENGINEERS. The first meeting far the season, 1842, was held on Tuesday evening, at the Institution, in Great George street, and w:ls numerously attended. The Presidiiit, Mr. 'Walker, took the chair at eight o'clock, when the ordinary business was proceeded with. The papers read were, a description, accompanied by plans and drawings, of the Ulster Canal, by Mr. Casebourne ; an account of the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway, by Mr. Jackson, gr. , duate ; and of the watQr•pressure engines at I'lsAng, in Bavaria, by Mr. Baker, graduate, bnth of the latter being presentation papers, and also illustrated by drawings. The first gave rise to no re marks. The observations on the second bad reference to the burnt clay used as ballast, and stated to be pre pared for Is. 9d. i.cr cubic yard, and to the incline of one in thirty-seven in that line on which American en gines are worked. Doubts were expressed as to the permanent advantage of the use of burnt clay ballast, and the president urged on a gentleman present con nected with the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway, how desirable it would be to have accurate details of the efficient working of the American engines on the incline. The last paper was a most interesting and clever account of the engines at Illsang, whence it ap peared the brine from the salt mines was raised, and forced to a distance of sixty miles by water pressure only. The engines were of brass, and tho pistons packed with leather. Previously and subsequent to the business meeting, much and well-deserved attention was directed and given to two beautiful water-colour drawings by Mr. Atkinson, of a palace for his Highness Nuwal Nazim, at Moorshedabad, designed and built under the super intendence of Major-General M'Leod, engineer. The palace is about 245 feet long, and 200 feet wide, the two fronts have porticos with columns (Grecian Doric), of thirty-six feet high, the one of six, and the other of eight ; the former approached by a flight of steps 110 feet wide, carried to the height of eighteen feet. The projections in this front aro bold and well-ar ranged, and, with the smaller porticos of four columns, give a great variety of light and shade. The entabla ture is continued all round the building. The palace, when %iewed from either end, forms a splendid mass of architecture, and a curious contrast with the Mosque ' and Eastern buildings and vegetation in the drawings. These are, as yet, we understand, unfinished ; figures, elephants, &e., are to be introduced. When complete, besides their architectural, they will possess consider able pictorial merit, and add credit to the name of the artist. ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.—The first meeting for the present year was held on Monday even ing, W. R. Hamilton, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the chair. A very long list of presents was announced, amongst which was an atlas of 500 maps from Admiral d'Urville, several volumes of books and maps from the Imperial Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburgh, a map and memoir of the recent survey of the Sardinian States and a map of Amoy from Mr. Wyld. A liberal donation of 501. to the general purposes of the Society was an nounced from Mr. Alexander, a merchant in the city. A long list of defaulters to the Society, who bad ceased to become members, was next read by the President. A communication was read from Mr. Schwafe, the Society's corresponding member at Geneva, giving an interesting ac count of the recent topographical labours in •3‘vitzer land, an extensive map of which is in progress. A let ter was read from Mr. Kippert,• - of Berlin; addressed to Colonel Leake, giving an accoifat of a new. expedition of discovery which has just left Prussia, to follow up th e discoveries recently made by Mr. Fellosves in Asia Minor. It consists of two Professors of the• College of Posen, with a naturalist, antiquarian, • ;Ind complete staff of scientific men. A communication was next read from Dr. Becke, Aukober, in southern Abyssinia 24th August, 1841, which announced the arrival in that city of the ex pedition under Captain I larris, from the Government of Bombay, which was making great progress with the King. Some interesting accounts were also given of the condition of the slaves in that country. The last paper read was a critical analysis by Captain Becher, of the Royal Hy drographic-office, of the three voyages of Martin Fro bisher in the middle of the sixteenth century. BODE LIGHT STREET ILLUMINATION. — The Bude light was tried fur the first time as a means of street illumination, on Monday evening last, at the long crossing where Waterloo-place joins Pall-mall, and opposite to the Duke of York's Column. It may be re collected that, heretofore this crossing has been lighted by a branch of three handsome giw lamps, surmounting a beautiful bronzed column, situated in the centre of the roadway. 'Those lamps were sonic time since _removed for the purpose of trying this experiment, made with the sanction of the (2 , )nithissioners _of .Woods and Forests, and the experiment is proceeding under the guidance of several scientific gentlemen, for the purpose of ascertain - ieg how far such means of illumination will succeed in the street, and more especially in large places and 'vide thoroughfares, and if success attend it to found on it some general system fur the purpose of aiding, if not of superseding gas in many places where extended light 15 serviceable. This Bade light is stationed at the s ummit of the column previously surmounted by the three gas lamps, and is CO regulated as very considerably to sub due that intensity which characterises the Bude light . where such precaution is not adopted.. It very . power fully of fully lighted the extensive space c onstituting i th i N n Va fr t o er n i t °° o - f P t l l a ie ce ;t l h l' e l u t te h ut e opening; at along the pavements looked in c ompV c so h n as a .e s Palli-mall, i n t : i l iabsnthteeiletips of .: the m P s a e u e n et i ld . nstiiist o dho t i h t_s h e peo • por ti o n s neighbour ing tokeepas do the oil lamps with which favoured in part of Gower-street St. Pancras arish, when contras this enlight enedi pace g a a nt s culie lights.:ns tienlightening i c on e tig s etarrgel, lampss.e .RIVY CouNcIL.-•-sAt the Privy Council to be held at Windso,r Castle to-morrow, we understand e. wi, r , n will be pres . ented , to the Queen, and sworn in Members of Knight B p r r u iv e y e of her Majesty Ca:due:ice-Chancellor