The Sun. — London, England, 1856-08-22 00:00:00

lal7 THE ENGLISH LAKES.—The HOLLINS and LOWTHER HOTEL, GRASHERE.—This beautiful and favourite resort of Tourists and Visitors to the Lake District is now open for the accommodation of the public. The above house and Establishment will he found 'worthy of notice, being conducted on economical principles, and in the centre of the Lake District ; the ♦iews from which cannot be equalled. The Mountains behind the house may be ascended through the Plantations belonging to the Proprietor, in about twenty minutes from whence may also be seen Nine different Lakes and arras, as also most of the notable Mountains in the locality, with Morecombe Pay in the distance, which most of the guide books have omitted to Isention. IVE.R. ALBERT SMI.Tit'S MONT ILA NC, HOLLAND, UP the RHINE, and PARIS, is NOW OPEN EVERY EVENING (except Saturday), at Salts (which can be taken from a plan at the box office, every day between eleven and four, without any extra charge), 35.: area, SE. ; gallery, la. The Morning Representations take place every Tuesday, Thurs day, and ' , aturdav, a' Three o'clock.—Egyptian Hal, Piccadilly. MONT BLANC will Close for the season on Saturday evening, Aug. 30th. DR. KAHN'S ANATOMICAL MUSEUM, 4, Coventry-street, Leicester-square.—Open (for Gentlemen only) from 10 till 10, containing upwirds of one thousand models and preparations, illustrating every part of the human frame in health and disease, the race of men, &c. Lectures delivered at 12, 2, and half-past 7, by Dr. G. SErrort, ; and a new and highly-interesting series of Lectures is now in course of delivery by Dr. KAHN, at 4 p.m. precisely. Admission, One Shilling. LAST WEEK IN LONDON. MR. W. S. WOODIN'S OLIO of ODDITIES. TO-NIGHT and every evening, at S.—The above entertain ment has received novel additions, Vocal and Visual, including a New Loco-Joko-Motive Lyric, entitled OFF BY THE TRAIN, illustrated by numerous changes, facial, lingual, and cor ,orcal. Mr. W. S. Woodin as Mrs. Florence, in the " Yankee Girl," with the son g s of " Bobbing around," and " Polly, won't you try me, oh !"—Polygraphic-hall, Xing William-street, Charing-cross. ROYAL SURREY GARDENS. —ln conse quence of the necessary pr•parations for the Grand Dinner to the Guards on Monday, August 25, there will be NO PERFORM ANCE on SATURDAY next. The Morning Concert will commence on Saturday, at 2 o'clock. Admission Is. as usual. ROYAL SURREY GARDENS.-JULLIEN'S CONCERTS THIS EVENING (Friday).—lmmense suc cess of the Zoaave Quadrille, in which are introduced the Zouave Clarions of the let and 2d Regiment of the Imperial Guard, whose Permission from the French authorities positively expires on Sept. h. Madame Rudarsdorff every evening, vocal and instrumental soloist— Colossal Pictures of Constantinople and the Alps—Turkish Kiosk and illuminated Terrace—Enormous Glacier and Fairy Caverns—Bril liant Pyrotechnic Display and Emblematical Tableau. Admission Is. Ts-morrow (SATURDAY), August 23, a GRAND MORNING CON CERT, commencing at 2 o'clock. Admission Is. Seats in the Music Hall and Firework Balcony (including admission to Gardens), 2s. 6d., may be secured at the Gardens, and at Jullien and Co.'s, 214, Regent 'treat. ROYAL SURREY GARDENS.-JULLIEN'S CONCERTS EVERY EVENING.—GRAND MORNING CONCERT TO-MORROW (SATURDAY), August 23.—1 t having been represented to the Directors that a large number of influential families resident within railway distance are unable to avail them selves of the attractions of the Gardens, on account of the early de parture of the trains, :t is respectfully announced that a GRAND MORNING CONCERT will take place on SATURDAY, Au2ust 23, in which all the most successful pieces performed since the com mencement of M. Jullien's Concerts will be introduced. Concert at 2 o'clock. Admission, Is. Private Bthces, to admit six persons, 11. 11., to be had at the Gardens, and at Jullien and Co.'s, 214, Regent •treet. ROYAL SURREY GARDENS.-JULLIEN'S CONCERTS. The MOZART CO AMEMORATION.—A GRAND SELECTION of the works of this Illustrious composer will °e given early in September, to commemorate the 100th A nniversary of his girth. CANTERBURY HALL, Westminster-road. —OPEN EVERY EVENING.—The celebrated HUNG 'AX RAND, under the direction of Herr ICar.ozor, will perform `..... v 0rY Evening at 9 and 11 o'clock, in addition to the usual Vocal z ntertainment The following company of talented Vocalists are V r rnanently engaged for the performance of Selections from al! the °Pular Operas, Madrigals, Choruses, Duets, &c., viz. :—Mrs. J. Caulfield Miss Brunei, Miss Sommers, and Miss Pearse ; Sam Cowell, J. Caulfield, Herr F. Jonghmans. S. Jones, T. Farrant, W. Barker, Russell Grover, and P. Corrie ; Masters E. Con :mi. Austin, and Bennett , and Mr. T. M ac k ne y. Pi ano f or t e , Mr. • Harroway, RA.. harmonium, J. Caulfield, jun. ; director, Mr. Caulfield. Commence at seven o'clock precisely. Suppers, &c., !hail twelve o'clock. MEXICAN and SOUTH AMERICAN COMPANY. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That the Directors have male a 4 C a l l of One Pound per share on the shares in this Company, and that ante is to be paid to Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, and Co., for account of the Directors, on the twenty-eighth day of August next, or at latest Within three months from that date, subject in that case to a payment of interest at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum, from and after the 28th of August. (Signed) HYDE CLARKE, Secretary. The bankers' receipt, with certificate of shares, is to be brought to the Company's Office one clear day, to have the payment endorsed thereon. 17 • , Gracechurch-street, 28th July, 1856. LONDON and NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY. T OURISTS' TICKETS, ISSUED UNTIL THE 15TH OCTOBEZ. NORTEI WALES. H Tickets, available for TREE WEEKS, enabling the holder to stop at Rhyl, Conway, Bangor, Caernarvon, and Holyhead, either going or returning, are issued at the following fares by the through trains. The First-class Tickets are available by any train, and the SCo nd by such trains as have second-class carriages attached. : 2d Londoi. to Holy-head and back £3 t 10 1a 0 0 .... 42 10 Class. 0 Oxford Peterborough] to ditto and back 210 0 .... 115 0 Birmingham to ditto and back 2 0 0 .... 110 0 Wolverhamptonto ditto and back ll5 0 .... 1 7 0 To TAB TAKES OF WESTMOREL.iND AND CITIBEftL &ND Tickets, available for THREE WEEKS, to the above Lakes, are Issued at the following Fares by the through Trains. The First class Tickets are available by any train, and the Second by such t ra Ira' as have seoend-class carriages attached : Ist Class. •-2d Class. London to Windermere and back.. •• £3 10 0 .... £2 10 0 Oxford to ditto and back.... 215 0 .... 2 0 0 Peterboroagh Birmingham to ditto and back ....a. 2 5 0 .... 115 0 Wolyerhampton ........ •• • • ...... 2 0 0 .... 112 0 To THE FAVOURITE LANCASHIRE WATERING PLACES, LYTHAM, BLACKPOOL, FLEETWOOD, 03 SOUTE-Po3l'. Tickets, available for THREE WEEKS, are issued by the ordinary Trains of the Company. The First-Class are available by any t'aln, and the Second by such as have second-class carriages attached. Ist Class. 2,1 Class. FrOtn London ~ Oxford 2 5 0 .... 1 15 0 i, Peterborough I Birmingham / ~ Wolverhampton j From Pleetwond Royal Mail Steamer sails every evening (Sunday excepted) for Belfast, and Weekly Excursion Tickets are issued at the Steam Packet Office for Belfast, Armagh, the Giant's Causeway, mid back. EXCURSIONS TO THE SEA SIDE. Tic kets, available for TWENTY-EIGHT DAYS, are issued by the e '_ cli narY trains of the Company. The First-Class are available by anY train, an d t h e S econ d b y suc h t ra i ns as h ave second-class car riages attached, to Harrowgate, Scarborough, Whitby, Fitey, or 1.1 , 4111 1.tt0n. dA.III2OWGATE and Back, for each Passenger—First Class, 435. ; ',cowl Class, 325. Gd. SO ARIIOROUGH and Back, for each Passenger—First Class, 5 I s- ; ", 0 r Id Class, 355. LITBY and Back, for each Passenger —First Class, 51s. ; Se cond Class, 355. Class, and Back, for each Passenger—First Class, 51s. ; Second , -,ass, 3 55. s l IMLINGTON and Back, for each Passenger—First Class, 515.; `,,, e nnd Class, 355. the These Tickets are not transferable, nor will they be available for Return Journey unless they have been endorsed at the Booking "k'nee of the Station on tho day of returning. Passancers to all the 1 1c places. ex3ept llsrrowgste, are at liberty to bre4k the journey 1 rentalning ono night at York, either goinz or returning. TOURIST TICKETS, l ta►lable for ONE lIONT 11, will be issued at the following prices Ist Class. 9,1 Class. /cOin London ............ • 10 0 .... .C 5 5 0 ~ •...... 5 15 0 .... 4 15 0 ~ Birmingham, Leamington, and Coventry.. Arid from the other principal stations at proportionate fares. for These tickets (which in no case are transferable) will be available to Proceed One Month from the date of issue. They will enable . the Holders Proceed to Chester, thence to Bangor, Holyhead. and Publin ri 'nt Dublin to Cork, situate on the picturesque River Lee, an 1 Iv b, Rhin t en m i les of the cele b rate d H ar b our, D ockyar d , an d N ava l tation of Queenstown (Cove) ; from Cork hack to Mallow, and thence by the Killarney Junction Railway to the far-famed LAKES OF KILLARNEY. Tho Tourist can remain as long as convenient to himself at Chester, " , (for the Insection of the Britannia Tubular Bridge, Holy ead,sangor Dublin, Cork, p and Killarney ; the only condition being, ) that his return to the Station at which he took his ticket must be not later than One Month from the date of his departure therefrom. gupplemental Tickets for CONNEMARA, GLENGARIFFE, the GIANT'S CAUSEWAY, and other places of interest, are issued at Reduced Fares to Visitors holding " Irish Tourist Tickets." General Manager's Office, Euston Station, June, 1856. IF you are Bald, or your Hair is Thin, pray use ALEX. ROSS'S C TII ARMES OIL, which causes the Hair to grow on bald places, produces luxuriant Whiskers and Mous- Istehlos ; it has been approved of by the highest authority, and is most beneficial in all cases of thin hair. Sold from 3s. 6d. ; forwarded for stamps, sent free, twelve extra. ALEX. ROSS'S CHARGES for Dyeing the Hair permanently a light brown, dark brown, or black— Whiskers from Is., gentlemen's hair from 55., ladies' from 7s. 6d. The dye being a clear liqu'd it is simply necessary to damp the hair with I comb or brush, when a perfect colour is produced without injury to She skin. Sold from 3s. 6d. ; sent free for 51 stamps. HAIR D ESTROYER, a depilatory for remov ng effectually Superfluous hair from the Face, Neck, Arms, and Hands, without injuring the skin. A. R. will warrant :t not to injure the skin in the smallest degree, and the hair to he entirely destroyed.—Sold from 3s. 6d. ; fo rwarded for stamps, free by post, eight extra. Alex. Ross, No. 1, Little Queen-street, High Holborn. 2120 1111LNERS' HOLDFAST and FIRE RESISTING S WES (non -conducting and vapour•slng) wish all the imorovements, under their Quadruple Patents of '840.51-54 and 1+55, including their Gunpowder Proof Solid Lock and Door (without which no Safe is secure. TUE STRONGEST, BEST, AND CHEAPEST SAFEGUARD EXTANT. MILKERS' PHtENIX (212.) SAFE WORKS, LIVERPOOL, the Most complete an 1 extensive in the world. Show-rooms. 6 and 8, Lord -street. Liverpool. LONDON DEPOT, 47A, MOORGATE STREET. City. Circulars free by peat. 1/1" R. HOWARD, Surgeon-Dentist, 52, Fl ee t. II street, has introduced an entirely new description of ARTI FICIAL. TEETH Axed without springs, wires, or ligatures. They so perfectly resemble the natural teeth as not to be distinguished from the original by the closest observer; they will never change colour or decay, and will be found very superior to any teeth ever before used. This method does not require the extraction of roots, or any painful operation, and will support and preserve teeth that are loose, an d i s q.uaranteed to restore articulation and mastication. Decayed teeth rendered sound and useful in mastication.-52, Fleet-street. At home from ten till five. A NEW AND IMPORTANT DISCOVERY IN THE SCIENCE OF MEDICINE. Patent Mee Seal of Great Britain. Diplome trEcole de Pharmacia Pharnalcien do Paris. Imperial College of Medicine, Vienna. TBIEAEMAR No. 1,2, and 3, prepared in the form of a lozenge devoid of taste or smell, and can be carried in the waistcoat pocket Fold in tin cases, divided into separate doses, as administered by Valpeau, Lallemand, Roux, Iticord, &c., &c. - - . TRIESEMAR No. lis a R CUM y for d PE - LA XATION, S PERMATORRIICE A, and all the distressing consequences arising from early abuse, indiscriminate excesses, or too long residence in hot climates. It has restored bodily and sexual strength and - rigour to thousands of debilitated individuels who are now In the enjoyment of health and the Functions of 31 anhood ; and whatever may be the cause for DISQUALIFICATIONS for MAR IzIAGE, they are effectually subdued by this Wonderful Discovery. TRIESEMAR No. IL, effectually, in the short space of three days, completely and entire]) eradicates all traces of Gonorrhoea, both in its mild and aggravated forms. Gleets, Strictures, Irritation of the Bladder. Non-retention or Urine, Pates of the Loins and Kidneys, and those disorders which UoPaivi and Cubebs have so long been thought an antidote for, to the Itin of the health of a vast portion of the population. TRIESEMAR No. 111., Is the great Continental Remedy for Syphilis and Seccntlary Symp toms. It also constitutes a certain cure for Scurvy, Scroluia, and all Cutaneous Eruptions, removing and expelling in its course all corrup tions and impurities from the vital stream, as altogether to eradicate the virus of diii,ease, and expell it with the insensible perspiration through the medium of the pores of the skin and urine, and is never-felling remedy for that class of di orders which mita t unat el) he Engl'sh Physician treats with Mercury, tothe inevitabletli,strue . tion of the patient's constitution, and which all the sarsaparilla in the world cannot restore. Price I Is., or four cases in one for 335„ which saves I Is., and in 51. eases, whereby there is a saving of 1L I2s. To be had wholesale and retail in London, of Johnson, 68, Cornhill; Ilarmay and Co., 63, Ox ford-street ; Sanger, 150, Oxford street ; 11. Ingham, druggist, 46, Market-street, Manchester; li. Bradbury, bookseller, Deansgatt, Bolton ; J. Priestly, chem i st, 5 1, I.ord.street, Li ver p oo l ; Pow e ll, bookseller, 15, Westmoreland-street, Dublin ; Winnal, beokseller, 14101:11treet,B14miDgl1aA1. ESTABLISHED 1837. 17; RITANNIA LIFE ASSURANCE COM. PANY. Empowered by Special Act of Parliament, 4 Viet., cap. 9. BRITANNIA MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION, Empowered by Tier Majesty's Royal Letters Patent. MAJou-GElsEitm. ALEXANDER, Blackheath -park, Chairman. Every description of Life Assurance business transacted, with or without Participation in Proflti. E. R. FOSTER, Resident Director. ANDREW FRANCIS, secretary. I, Princes-street, Bank, London. (No. 20,023.) PUBLICATIONS. MRS. TROLLOPE'S NEW NOVEL, TI ASIIIONABLE or, Pari; and Londcn, Is now ready at all the libraries, in 3 vols., "A really amusing novel, most certainly one of the best works of its class produced this season "—Observer. " The book has ninon.; its merits the invaluable one of being thoroughly readable."— Examiner. Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, successors to Henry Colbum. Now ready, price Is., ALETTER from the Hon. JOSEPH HO WE to the Right Hon. W. E. GLADSTONE, M.P., Being a Review of the Debate on the Foreign Enlistment Bill, and our Relations with the United States, James Ridgway, Piccadilly, and all booksellers. Decidedly the most beautiful Ornament lately introduced for the Drawing-room, Sideboard, and Summer-arbour. Just published, price Is., post free for 13 stamps. AQUARIUM, HANDBOOK TO. By FRANCIS S. MERTON. C Maining full and clear Instructions for making and managing this most interesting addition to the parlour. By the aid of this little book a most handsome and successful Aquarium may be con structed for the small sum of 4s. Published by Thomas Whiteley and Co., 191, High-street, Shad- London, and sold by an booksellers. Just published, in I vol Bro. ;price 5s cloth, • AMERICAN SLAVERY a RAprint of an Article on " Uncle Tom's Cabin," of which a portion was InsErted lCt Bid 206th Number of the "Edinburgh Review;" with a Report of Air. Sumner's gpeech delivered on the igth and 20th of May,1856, and a Notice of the Events which followed that Speech. London : Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts. Just published, New and Improved Edition, price One Shilling, THE CURABILITY of CONSUMPTION ; being a Series of Papers, presenting the most prominent and Important Practical Points in the Treatment of the Disease. By FRANCES EL RAMADC4E, M.D., Fellow of the College of Physicians, late Senior Physician to the Royal Infirmary for Diseases of the Chest, &c. Also, by the same Author, Price 10s. 6d., A TREATISE on ASTHMA and DISEASES of the HEART. London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. The Third Edition. Just Published, price 55., by post, free, ss. 6d., ON TRUE et FALSE SPERMATORRH(EA, with the View of distinguishing the Imaginary from the Real Sufferers under this disease, and Correcting of wide-spread Errors in relation to their Treatment and Cure. Translated from the German of Dr. PICKFORD. " Dr. Pickford Is known to English readers by his fregnent practi cal contributions to German medical literature. This is the first time, he informs as, that ho has addressed himself to the non-medi- Pal reader. We trust this may not be the last, if he shall detect any other equally flagrant evil which it may be in his power to cor rect."—London Medical Gazette. " The tribe of ' Quiet Sympathisers,' and 'Medical Friends,' are mercilessly exposed; and if this book eould dind its way Into the hands of those who stiffer from the com plaint of which it treats, we aro satisfied that many hundreds would be saved much needless snffering of body and mind, and what is of :as importance, though it is that which the quacks most prize— much m0ney...... This volume is well qualified to put an end to the empirical system of treating Spermatorrheea, and to place the treat ment upon a more rational and physiological basis. It is. therefore, ikelyito do much good."—Medical Circular. London: H. Balliere, 219. Regent-street. VORTH OF EUROPE STEAM NAVIGA .TION COMPANY.—Notice is hereby given that the Com pany's service between '1 ilbury, Thames Haven, and Herne Bay will be discontinued on and after Satarday, the 23d last., until fur ther notice. BANK oP LONDON. Threadneedle istreet, City; Charing-cross Branch, 450, West Strand. NoticE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That the Rate of INTEREST allowed on money placed O N BE I'OSIT, at three days' notice of with drawal, is one per cent, per annum under the Bank of England rate of discount, rising and falling therewith. 22d August, 1856. By order. MATTHEW MARSHALL, Jan., Manager. CHANCERY FEE FUND STAMPS. Inland Revenue, Somerset House, 22d August, 1851. THE COMMISSIONERS of INLAND REVENUE HEREBY GIVE NOTICE, that under the provisions of an act of Parliament, passed in the R.teenth and six teenth years of her present Majesty, intitaled "An Act for the Re- lief of the Suitors of the High Court of Chancery," and in accord ance with an order of the Lord High Chancellor. they will be pre pared, on and after the Ist September nest, to issue, at the Head Office of Inland Revenue in London, adhesive stamp'. of the following rates, for denoting the stamp duty iu lieu of fees, under the provi sions of the act above mentioned, on certain proceedings in the Court of Chancery. These stamps will not supersede or interfere with the adhesive stomps now in use of the like purposes. By order of the Board. THOMAS KEOGH, Secretary. • NEW ADHESIVE STASH'S. 3s. ss. 3s. Gd. 7s. 4s. Ss. Is. Bd. ;s. 4d. 10s. 14s. Xi NEW SYSTEM OF LIFE ASSURANCE. THE DIRECTORS of the NATIONAL ASSURANCE and INTESTMEN ASSOCIATION ins _te attention to the New System of Life Assurance exclusively adopted by this Association, viz., that of allowing Intereit on all Premiums paid, instead of the remote and uncertain system of Bonuses usurl'y adopted. BY this plan the,Policyhnlder will secure to himself a constantly increasing annual income during Ii 'e, IS well as the payment of the sum assured to his representatives at his death. Tables of Rates specially adapted toii;liisystem of Assurance may he obtained at the Office of the Company, 3, Pa 1-mall East, or for warded free on application. PETER MORRISON, Managing Director. METROPOLITAN COUNTIES and GENERAL LIFE ASSUR&NCE SOCIETY, 27, Regent street, Waterloo-place, London. Ca,ital, 100,0001. TRUSTEES. lit. Tin. Spencer 11. Walpole,M.P. Richard Spooner, Esq., MP. Henry Peter Fuller, I E. Vansitrart Neale, Esq. Life Assurance business transacted in all its branches. N.B. The bonus declared :+t the last division of profits averaged 33 per cent. on all the premiums paid. F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, lArana7er. SUN LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, LONDON. Policies effected with this Society now will PARTICIPATE IN FOUR-FIFTHS, or 80 per cent., of the Net Profits of the-. Society, ,ccording to the conditions contained in the Society's Prospectus. The Premiums required by this Society for insuring Young Lives ore lower than in many othar 014-established offices, and Insurers are fun) , protected from all risk by an ample guarantee fund, in addition to the accuwalated funds derived from the investments of Premiums. Policy stampspaid by the Office. Prospectuses may he obtained at the Office in Threadneedle-street, London, or of any of the Agents of the Society. CIURLES HENRY LIDDERDALE, Actuary. pROVIDENT CLERKS' ASSOCIATION. This office, established in 1640, offers to assurers of all classes the advantages of mutual life assurance in all its branches, com bining moderate rates of premium with en amp's reserved fund and unquestionable security. Annuities. Enuowments, and every description of Life Assurance effected daily. The annual income is now 25,0001. 45,0001. has been paid in claims, and upwards of 15,0101. has been divided in the shape of bonuses among the assured. The next quinquennial bonus will be declared at the end of 1857. Chief Office, 15, Moorgate-street, London. WILLIAM THOMAS LINFORD, Secretary. The attention of Clerks and other employes is earnestly invited to the great advantages offered by the Fr trident Clerks' Benevolent Find. A RE YOU GOING TO THE HIGHLANDS, unrivalled for scenery, famous in story and song, to visit the land of Sir Colin Campbell and the Highland Brigade? Ifs'. make a note to call at (when in the Capital of the beautiful North) MACDOUGALL'S WAREHOUSE, Iligh-street, Inverness. There only can the varied products of the Highlar.ds, natural and industrial, be seen. In his extensive rooms MACDOUGALL has gathered together ail the best productions of the Highland looms, in TWEEDS, TAR TANS, LINSEYS, PLAIDS, SHAWLS, DRESSES, the favourite HIGHLAND CLOAK, FLORA MACDONALD ditto, &c., &c., with the best Native JEWELLERY, CAIRNGORMS, PEARLS, &c.: the pretty products of the Skye, Lewes, and Gairloch Looms and Knitting Needles ; the Home-made. Undyed PLAIDS of Ord, Suther land, and Aroch ; the SNUFF-BOXES, COUPS, BICKERS of the Culloden Carvers, &e, Side by side with all this he has placed all !he necessary Clothing of every description for Deer Stalking, Grouse Shooting, and for Tourists, &c. Visitors to his rooms can at once compare the varied products of the Three Kingdoms. , D. 31.1 C DOUGALL, Invernem f ITIOURISTS and TRAVELLERS exposed to the scorching rays of the sun, and heated particles of dust wal find ROWLANDS' KALYDOR I most refreshing preparation for the Complexion, dispelling the e:end of laowoor and relaxation, allaying all heat and irritability, ,14sticity and healthful state of th e skin. ,nd im me di a t e ly a ffording th e Pleasing sensation attending restored Fred , les, Tan, Spots, Pimples. Flushes, and Discoloration fly efore its apppcatlon, and give pl ace to delicate clearness with the :low of beauty and of bloom. In cages of sunburn or stings of nsects Its virtues have long been acknowledged. Price 4s. fid. and its, 6d. per bottle. ROWLANDS' MACAS•3AR OIL. A delightfully fragrant and transparent preparation, and, as an .tivigorator and purifier, beyond all precedent. The Prices are 33. 6d., 75., family bottles (equal to four small), 10s. Gd., and double that size, 21s. ROWL AN ODOli TO, or Pearl Dentifrice, compounded of the rarest and most fragrant exotics. It bestows on the Teeth a pearl-like whiteness, free` them trom tartar, and imparts to the gums a healthy firmness, and to the breath a grateful sweetness and purity. Price 2s. 9d. per box. Sold by A. Rowland and tons, 20, Hatton-garden, Loudon, and by Chemists and rerftuners, , / fr:7 a(.__. d -- , , ~. . . ,':' --- , ' r -, • /./.----; , ' , 7 - 7 •••• - I ~. -411CIF iri,., jz ,,.),,,,,i, ~ v ;,,,',, 0 .,„ •• „. . 4- ):;:?:• , ' ''' ' • '-$ 111: ' I'4'4 - ci6 ' ‘,.: , ..,,T'' , . 4 , : ~,, . , . ',,, .. : • , :hlFi: ‘, ( :"C v . °. - "_ l t - . A-, - ,• 5.-- .6.,,..zw. . . - -,-•.• ~,.,. Iti • „,,,, A vi , 6e, . i ., , '''' . !,.'7,' . N . ) t ~, , -,,,g,,,,,,,----- , z ,„ . . r ., ? , -,-----.4 m , Q ., w 9k.m.-.---..i _.., ---5. , ~.., P ,--- -..--. 6 7 _,„ - -)* * K as' ct) 1- _,,,, A , */,,,,,, _. _ - • ~,,, ,-7.,, - , (.2, ~,,,,,—,. ,-... „. , 4- —<__ , ,,_, l _,--7, 5 7,4:,..?,., ; - ~,, , , , i,‘, ...., ...,,,..,7: „.0 , ,,,,, ,, At..., . ,„_.l.—* . „.... k --- -- ; _ c,,, 4; -: . .4„...,,J„,:;,..., r"-•,:,. ~ -44. ~,, T))7 —, ~,,- ....,,,,, ...i.;l10 , • .. i . -*. • bit of.r. k ia ' '1 \.. ' [PRICE 4D. STAMPED 5D- late the consequences of their own acts. No doubt the moral perceptions were often blunted by the want of education and by debasing associations. He next came to the question as to whether punitive measures should be resorted to in reformatories. He thought decidedly not. He objected to the confusion of education and punishment, because to the criminal himself it would have the aspect of inflicting an education upon him as a punishment for his crime, and to the general public it would present the spectacle of guilt rewarded by a good education. The boys themselves appreciated the differ. ence between the prison to which they were sent to be punished for their crimes and the reformatory to which they were sent to be improved. It was of great import. ance that this distinction should be clearly kept up if they wisliedtoseaerrietthok for their eoco-operati benefit, on b o e f n t e he t, boysa and which int hewoil which theyp r a operation would be a very great advantage. There need not be any in-uperable difficulty in inducing a boy to take part in his own improvement, but it was net easy . to see bow they were to bring him to take a willing part in his o rvn punishment. At Parkhurst, for instance, where field labour was made compulsory as a punishment, the boys shrank from it, and evaded it as far as po e, whereas at Redhill, where it constituted a portion' o e training which was to fit them for after life, they took b it heartily and well. Everything depended upon whether the boys looked upon themselves as scholars or as pi i. sowers—(hear)—and whether Uwe/ regarded the teacher as a gaoler or a friend. (Hear.) A preliminary period of penal discipline should be resorted to, and followed by a system of industrial and educational training ; but no punishment whatever should take place in the reforma tories', because they were intended as establishments to win boys back from a life of vagrancy, misery, and crime, ani to give them a taste for honest industry and for the comforts of home. No one, however, would wish to make their position in any respect such as that it should excite the jealous feelings of the honest poor. Punishment for past offences should be administered before coming into the ref Tmatory school. It should not be associa'ed with imprisonment. He would, therefore, advise short terms of imprisonment upon the separate system so Jong as refor matery schools were confined to children who had been guilty of a breach of the law ; such children ought clearly to undergo some sort of punishment. A general meeting will be held this evening at the Vic toria rooms, when Lord Stanley will give a resuisc of the proceedings of the sections. ASCENT OF MOUNT ARARAT BY FIVE ENGLISHMEN. In this age of ripe experience, when universal enterprise and searching investigation have brought almost everything beneath their touch, it is some thing to be able to announce to the public the ac complishment of an undertaking which has hitherto been deemed impossible, while by many the very attempt would have been considered as bordering on the impious. To most men the name of Ararat suggests thoughts of a solemn nature ; and among the people who inhabit the countries round its base, its snow capped summit is regarded with mingled awe and veneration, being guarded from all approach, ac cording to their belief hitherto, not only by physi cal obstructions of an insuperable nature, but also by Divine prohibition. This belief no longer exists, and the practicability of ascending Mount Ararat is now an established fact. On the 11th inst. a party, consisting of Major Alick J. Fraser, the Rev. Walter Thursby, Mr. James Theobold, jun., of Winchester, Mr. John Evans, of Darley Abbey, Derbyshire, and myself, started from Bayazid on this new expedition. We were accompanied by two servants and a zaptieb, or native policeman, and by the kindness of the Kaimakan, Hadjee Mustapha Effendi, we were consigned to the special charge of Issak Bey, a chief of the Ararat Kurds, under whose safeguard we had nothing to fear from the plundering habits of his followers. At Bayazid we had provided our selves each with a stout pole between five and six feet long, furnished with a spike at one end and a hook at the other. Crossing the plain of Ararat we commenced the ascent through a wide ravine, enclosed between vast ridges of volcanic rock. For three hours we wound our way through rugged defiles, occasionally traversing fertile plateaus, verdant with growing crops of wheat and barley. Our sure footed little horses, accustomed to this sort of work, picked their way through the most break neck places, and brought us in safety to the black goats'-hair tents of our host, which were pitched on some pasture lands on the southern slope of Greater Ararat, about 8,000 feet above tho level of the sea. Hither the Kurds resort in summer with their flocks and herds, returning to the villages of the plain at the approach of winter. A portion of the chief's tents were set apart for our use ; the floor was covered with gay-coloured carpets, a fat sheep was killed, and everything was supplied that Kurdish hospitality could suggest. At 3 o'clock next morning we were on the move, all except Mr. Thursby, who, to our regret, was obliged by indisposition to remain in the tent. Three hours of continued ascent on foot brought us to the base of the cone. Here Major Fraser bore off to the sGuih-east, and took a line of his own, while Mr. Theobold, Mr. Evans, and I com menced the ascent on the southern side, keeping to snow, which presented an unbroken surface to the very summit. _ _ To my two friends, who are experienced Alpine climbers, this was easy work, but it soon began to tell unfavourably on my unaccustomed limbs. For a time we kept pretty well together ; by degrees, however, Mr. Theobold began to forge ahead, fol lowed by Mr. Evans, while I brought up the rear as well as I could. But my strength was fast giving way, and when about half-way up the cone I found myself unable to proceed any further. Accord ingly, there being no alternative but to descend, I sat on the snow and shot, down with the velocity , of an arrow, undoing in a few minutes the labori ous toil of nearly three hours. This was a keen disappointment, amply repaid to me, however, as will appear by and by. At the foot of the cone I found Issak Bey, who with a couple of his people had come out to watc4 our progress. He looked on my failure as a mat ter of course, and seemed to think the others, too, must soon give in ; but no,.up they went higher and higher, his interest and surprise keeping pace with their ascent. For some hours we watched their upward course, the sharp naked eye of the Kurd plainly discern ing what I was able to see only with the aid of a telescope. At lentil, at 1.45, Mr. Theobold crowned the summit. Great was the a3tonishment of the Chief. " Mashallah I" he exclaimed, "God is great !"—" What wonderful people these Eng lish are ; a few of them come here, and without any difficulty walk to the top of that holy moun tain, a thin that never was done by man befure. Wonderful, wonderful 11 At 2.50 Mr. Evans reached the. summit. He and Mr. Theobold made the descent together, by the same track that they ascended, and returned to the tents about sunset. We must now follow the movements of Major Fraser, who, as already stated, took a line of his own. Not being accustomed like the others to snow work, he chose a ridge of stone, which led up about twe-thirds of the ascent. Over this he made •his way without much difficulty, and then, taking to the snow, he patiently toiled upwards till within a few hundred feet of the summit. Here, in at tempting to cross over to what appeared a more practicable line, he slipped on some thinly-covered ice, and, losing all control over himself, he shot down with fearful velocity, now head, now toot foremost, over a space of about a thousand feet. By wonderful efforts and presence of mind he suc ceeded in arresting his perilous descent, and, scrambling with difficulty to a rocky ridge that protruded above the s now, he climbed over it with immense labour ; and thus recovering his lost way, he won the height about 3.30, hiving been throWn back fully three hours by his mishap:He descended ou the traces of Messrs. Theobold and Evans, and regained the tents at midnight, having been about 20 hours on foot. On the 13th, about 2 p.m., Mr. Thurstly and I started from the touts accompanied by two Kurds, carrying rugs, greatcoats, and a stuall supply of provisions. We proceeded slowly and leisarely until we reached about one-third the ascent of the cone. There we were obliged to dismiss the Kurds, who, from religious fear, refused either to proceed further or to spend the night on the mountain ; bat, to insure their return iu the morning for the rugs, &c., we thought it expedient to detain their arms, the dearest possession of these nomad° people. As we had neither of us much fancy to try the ascent by the snow, we chose a new line of our own over a rocky surface, facing nearly due south, which. the wind and sun had bared nearly to the summit. Left now to ourselves, wo selected a spot t o pass the night, piled up stones to windward as a shelter against the cold, and, having dined heartily, we made ourselves as comfortable as possible. We saw the sun set in indescribable glory, throwing the shadow of the vast mountain far away over Georgia and Aderbijan, and even darkening the distant haze of the Eastern horizon. we passed the wrapping o urselves in our rugs, ------ - : - 'll,i! i'ivk-tx. ''•':4 k 1 .,,. - .I i .„.4,:.k:- . t . --, ,, i.1 night as well as could. be expected, kedeii'' i'art:; ~.::,:,, 4 dawn on the 14th we resumed the asViit,l7lo444 41 .; tainly was toilsome sad slow, but waNy..tiliv'ei4 -- ". ' -/ a ' less, satisctory. i IC. ~..1. ;....-,, From an e l eva ti on o f a b ou t 14 , 0 00 feet above the level of the sea we saw the sun rise in unclouded majesty, 14,1iting up simultaneously to our view vast tracts of the Russian, Persian, and Turkish empires ; that was a glorious sight, never to ho for. otter). thou t 1,200 f eet from the summit we came upon an oe . k cross that bich lia i d a betthneyear i fixed t 5 ; rock by Pro. r essor Abich p i .es. ervation, and th e i nscr i pt i on, i n Rus sianyr I perfect charact rt rs, was still legible. - come everything,s were f requent, and the elimbina T h i s was t h e most difficult part o f our ascent, the obstruction at times perilous ; but cautio n an d perseverance b en abled us to overand at 9 a . m . we had the satisfat.stion of sta n di ng on the highest point of the mounta.'n. Here I stuck to the hilt in the snow a kama, or short double-edged sword, which we found at the fc , ot of Abieh's cross . Here also, as loyal Britons, wt I drank th e h ealth of our beloved Queen in brandy.. Her Majesty will per haps deign to accept this expression of allegiance on„considerieg that hers is probably the first name that, has been pronounced on that solemn height since it was quitted by dip' great patriarch of the human race ; for no record or tradition exists of the ascent having ever been made before, although repeatedly tried by men of different countries, both European and Asiatic. Professor Abich made several attempt*, but ftiled in all, as is proved by a. position of the cross, by the testimony of the natives, and even by the confession of his own countrymen. _,; I We aeseended'On the tracks of the others, and got back to the tents about 4 p.m. The wl‘e surface of Mount Ararat bears evi dence of havitag been subjected to violent volcanic action, being seamed and scored with deep ravines. The rocky ridges that protrude from the snow are either/basalt et. tufa ; and near the summit we found some'P's4 -3f pumis on a spot which still emits a s.. i'mrous smell. The summit itself is nearly level, of a triangular shape, the base being about 200 yards in length, the perpendicular about 300. The highest point is at the apex of the triangle, which points nearly duo west ; separated from it by a hollow is another point of nearly equal altitude, and the base of the triangle is an elevated ridge, forming a third eminence. These three points stand out in distinct' relief on a clear day. The snow on the top is almost as dry as powder, and in walking over it we did not sink more than half-way to the knee. The impression left on the mind is, that the summit is an extinct crater filled with snow. We experienced no difficulty of respi ration, except being sooner blown by exertion than we should have been at a lower level. The cold was intense ; and though a perfect calm prevailed at the time at the foot of the cone, as we after wards learnt, a keen wind was blowing from the west, which raised a blinding mist of fine snow that prevented us taking any distant views. As may be supposed our success has created. no small sensation throughout the country • the fame of it preceded us wherever we went. It was an nounced as a sort of wonder to the caravans tra velling eastward ; and the Kaimakan of i3ayazid has made it the subject of a special report to Con stantinople. From the sacred character of the mountains, and the traditions associated with it throughout the East, identical as they are with Scriptural records, I am inclined to think that a degree of importance willattach to this performance, in popular estima tion, beyond what is due to a mere exhibition of nerve or muscle, and this, no doubt, will tell in favour of our national prestige. On the 15th we ascended Lesser A rara t, b u t this being an ordinary affair does not call for a de tailed account. I would only observe that, per haps, from no other spot in the world can a finer or more extensive view be obtained. This view we had the good fortune to enjwy to perfection, with a cloudless sky and clear atmosphere. I may state that the summit of Greater Ararat is 17,323 feet above sea level, and 14,309 above the plain : from base of cone to summit may be about 6,000 feet. Lesser Ararat is 13,093 feet above sea level. ROBERT STUART, Major, Special Servic3, Asia Minor. Erzeroum, July 26. THE FATAL BOILER EXPLOSION NEAR BURY. The deplorable occurrence at the bleach and dye works of Messrs. Warburton and Holker, Hatnp son Mills, near Bury, briefly described by us yes terday, turns out, on further inquiry, to have been attended with more lamentable results than was at - first stated. Upwards of 20 persons have been' scalded and injured in various ways, in addition to the immediate loss of nine lives. The works are situate on the right bank of the river Roach, and consisted of two parallel lines of workshops, only a few yards apart, and connected at one end by the boilerhouse, with dyehouse immediately behind it. The boilerhouse was thus seated in the midst of a block of buildings in which nearly 200 persons were employed, but, fortunately, owing to the early hour at which the explosion took place, some of the workpeople had not arrived. There were three long tubular boilers in the boilerhouse, one of which was new, and had not yet been put into working order, but was to have started on Monday next in place of the one that was burst. Thb other two boilers were old ones, and generated steam for three engines, of 30, 25, and 10 horses' power respectively. The boiler that has burst was a high pressure and not a low pressure one, as stat ed in our former account. It had been in work 10 or 11 years, and had been repaired and fitted with new fireboxes. The following is a list of the sufferers :-- Killed.-1. James Barlow, the engineer, who was found on the fireplace, where he had probably been feeding the fire at the moment of the explo sion. Ho was one of the first of the sufferers res- cued, but he had sustained a fracture of the head, extending from one of his temples backward, above the ear. The head, in fact, appeared to be almost split in two, but when first taken from the ruins he was conscious and was able to speak. He told Mr. Warburton that he had no idea of the , cause of the explosion, for he had started every thing work ing all right, and he believed the valve . ; were all right too. He died within an hour of his extrication. He was 50 years old, and has left a widow and three children. 2. JohnComstive, blue dyer, aged 60, who leaves two children. 3. Francis Chadwick, blue dyer, acted 14. 4. John Maud e , bl ue dy er , age d 15. 5. Thomas Knowles, fancy dyer, aged 19. 6. Daniel Worsley; foreman of the blue dyers, aged 60, leaving a widow. 7. James Wakes, a dryer of cloth in the stoveroom, aged 19. 8. Thos. Entwisle, labourer, aged GO, leaving a widow and daughter. 9. John Whittaker, aged 23, who bad been only recently manied. Whittaker worked at the adjoining mill of Messrs. Chambers and Livsey, and was passing the premises of Mem?. Warburton and Co. at the time of the explosion, when part of the ruins fell upon bim and killed him. nat of these unfortunate persons were killed by the fall of the buildings, but some were badly scalded. The last of the bodies was not got out until past noon. _ _ Injured..—As we have already stated, more than 20 persons were injured, besates those who were killed. Among the list are the following :—Otho Bridge, aged 18, head cut and legs scalded ; Henry Heywood, head cut ; Peter Appleby, badly scalded ; Edward 'Hopkinson; hurt in the back ; William Chadwick, leg badly cut ; Richard Naylor, severely bruised ; Robert Whiteside, John Ashworth, Jobn Knowles, William Bury, James Brooks, John. Kay, David Mtyor, two daughters of Oliver Hayes, Thomas Smothers, and John Ramsbottom,, more or less injured. John Brooks and Edmund Walker, seriously hurt, and doubtful of rt. covert'. Walker was taken out of the ruins three hours after the explosion, from under 6 feet of bricle work and wreck that had fallen upon him, and his life was apparently saved by two heavy east-iron pipes falling across the place where he was at work, over his back, so as to keep off him part of t he suporiucumbent materials. The surviving sufferers have been attended Mr. Bolt and Mr. Fletcher, surgeons at Bury, and aded by Mr. John Lancashire, surgeon Pilkington. They were all doing as well as couldof expected considering the serious naturesome of t h eir in juries, yesterday morning, and, d, so far as could b e ascertained on the spot, seriousfears were only entertained for the lives of four out of the whole number. Of the cause of the explosion —as it will form very serious matter for inquiry,at the inquest —which is to be opened this day at 10 o'clock-4 i s desirable that very little should be said, lest prejudice should be created before all the facts are known. It may he mentioned, however, that , in ono place the boiler was worn nearly as thin as a sixpence, at one of the rents, while the original thickness of the plates was rather more than the , third of an inch. It is possible, however, that this wearing away of the metal had escaped observation; but this, of course, w ill b e one o f t h e pr i nc ipal subjects for inquiry by the jury. After the explo sion some of the cloth in the building took fire, and sustained a good deal of damage before the flames could be extinguished. The total pecuniary damage caused by the explosion and fire is esti mated at about 3,000!. ; and, s o far as the loss from fire is concerned, M e ssrs. Warburton and Co. are covered by insurance in the West of Engl an d Fire-office. LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING-, AUGUST 22, 1856. NATIONAL REFORMATORY UNION. The business of the sections commenced at 11 o'c',ock yesterday mornirg. Section A met in the billiard.-room of the Queen's Hotel, Mr. Commissioner Hill presiding, an d Mr. Bengough officiating as secretary. Mr. WIIHATELY, chairman of the West Riding see. sions, read a paper on punishments in reformatory schools. There were, perhaps, he said, differences of opinion among them as to the right principles of penal legislation, and still more as to the administration of punishment for crime. Some might view it merely as a deterrent ; others might regard the reformation of the individual as the sole end to be sought in the adminis• -tration of punishment. Others again, though regarding such reformation as a chief end, might still believe that the satisfaction due to the public sense of justice is ain element not to be ignored or forgotten. There might he differences of opinion, more especially with regard to the young criminal, as to whether he should be made the sub ject of penal treatment in a prison previously to his ad mission to a reformatory school or not ; but, whatever dif ferences there might be on these points, he trusted they would all Agree in this, that the treatment of the R Aron , matory School itself should not be penal, by which he meant that the school was not to he a plac3 for the ad ministration of the punishment assigned by law to crime. This principle was most distinctly embodied in the first Reformatory School Act, the 17 and 18 Vic.; c. 86, by which the magistrates were empowered to direct the de tan tion of tlao young offender in 6he school, to commence at the expiration of the sentence passed upon him as a punishment for his offence. But punishments, even to severity, would be needed in a reformatory, because they had to do with children whom neglected or vicious edu• cation had more or less made deaf to the voice of eon- science. He was of opinion that if the young criminal were to undergo penal treatment it should be in a colic. hr prison, away from the reformatory, rather than, as bad been proposed, in a penal ward within its precincts. The prison was the fitting termination ofaeourse of crime —the reformatory the commencement of a new life. Let them not he brought together ; let them not bridge over, but rather widen, the gulf between them. The punish. ment of the reformatory differed from the punishment of the prison in that, while the latter had reference to past crimes, the former had reference only to moral faults committed there, and for these faults it would bs often needed. It was with the profoundest deference that he ventured to express the opinion that the discipline of Mettray was too severe. In an establishment so large he fully believed that such severity was necessary, but, for that very reason, among others, it did seem to him that it was not desirable to form these establishments upon so large a scale, especially in this country, where, from the difference of national character, such severity would probably operate more prej adicially than in France. He was bound to say that, so far as his experience went, it entirely confirmed the opinion of theconductors of Met tray as to the beneficial effects of the cell as a means of re- forniatory discipline. Our prison records showed that in them, though constructed with all the best appliances for separate confinement, the same beneficial results had not been obtained. Having briefly explained what he con ceived to be the cause of this, difference, Mr. Wheately offered a few remarks upon corporal punishment. He was one of those inclined to the old-fashioned idea that in case 8 of acute moral disease, the outbreaks of uncontrolled passion and wilful disobedience, to which ordinary chil dren were so liable, a counter-irritation, judiciously ap plied, might often be useful to draw down, as the old herbalist would say, the bad humours from the nobler parts. But he believed its usefulness was limited to cases in which the general tone of the moral constitution was healthy. He had little faith in its efficacy in the chronic diseases with which they had for the most part to deal in their reformatories. From being rather an advocate of corporal punishment for young criminals, he was first led to the opposite view by observations de rived from their vast prison in the West Riding of York shire and from the black books at quarter sessions, in which it was remarkable how often in those long lists of previous convictions which appeared against young criminals a whipping had been one of the early punish ments, and as far as his inquiries into the primary cause of youthful crime had gone, be found none more com mon than over severity of parents, step-parants, or others. Considered merely as a deterrent, he believed corporal punishment to be less effective than the cell, which waa more really formidable, because, though less severe, its mild discipline could be continued almost in definitely. Considered as a correction, the cell could be adjusted with a nicety, which corporal punishment did not admit of, to the requirements of the case, and under proper arrangements prolonged from simple temporary preventiro detention to long-continued isolation, as the moral symptoms of the patients developed from time to time might seem to require. In both points of view, both as a corrective and as a deterrent, the plan adopted at Mettray was most important—viz , that the period of detention in the cell should never be fixed beforehand, but should be regulated according to the effect apparent during its continuance. He would not have corporal punishments absolutely excluded from the reformatory, because in the infinite variety of cases and characters it might occasionally be useful and even necessary, yet be strongly believed that it should be used rarely and with the utmost caution. In the school let no fault be unpun ished, but never let them use one morsel more of punish ment than was absolutely necessary for its correction. To do so was, independently of any consideration of justice or benevolence, bad economy—a waste of motive power. Considering punishment as a deterrent, it was rather certainty than severity that was wanted. Considering it as a reformatory agent, they needed not that which would produce a sudden and violent impression, but that which would operate surely, continuously, and so perma nently--not the rush of the torrent, but the drop that wore the stone. At the conclusion of the papers a lengthened discus. sion arose upon the question of punishments and rewards, in which part was taken by Lord Stanley, Lord R. Cecil, M.P., the Rev. S. Turner, Dr. Wallis, Mr. Baker, Mr. Adderley, M.P., and the Chairman, who proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. Wheately for his valuable paper. Mr. G. W. HASTINGS next read a paper by Mr. F. Hill, late Inspector of Prisons in Scotland, " On a visit to Mettray," which has &ready appeared in The Sun, The section then adjourned. forwarded to our Government eselutions highly IT proving the reformatory system. DUNLOP'S AC. Mr. HILL said the managementand diminution of the criminal and vagrant class in this ountry was one of the most pressing difficulties of the ag, ; and the class might be divided into those who were atlarge, those who were in prison, those who were in reformatories, and those who were in industrial schools. There:ould be no doubt that those who were at large were by fa; the most costly to the public. Some 30 years ago witness examined upon the question of the establishment of th, metropolitan police Estimated the amount of property ainually stolen in Lon don at 1,500,0001. Criminals in irison, too, were very costly, and the expenses of punisling and prosecuting prisoners in England and Scotlaid was estimated at 355,000/. Matters were much bette• in reformatories and industrial schools ; he especially urged an extensive establishment of the latter. More hdustrial schools had been established in Scotland than elsewhere, and with better effects. It was at first hoped that the schools might be made self-supporting, but this was not the oa.e either at Aberdeen or elsewhere. Of the children who were induced to enter the scoool, some were re moved by parents who preferred to lave what they could ibtain by begging, some deserted because they could oot endura the discipline of the school, but the majority remained and attended regularly. In all the schools the number of children who had lost one or both pa rents was very large, and 6f the other. most cases the parents had forsaken the children, or were aban loned characters, frequently in prison. It was proved by experience in every town where an industrial school had been established that the number of children in the school and the number in the gaol were like the two ends of a beam, and, as the one rose the other fell. [n Edinburgh, Glasgow, Paisley, Greenock, Perth, ang Arbroath these schools had been established, and had uroduced most important results. They d ffered from each other only in the mode of imparting religious in struction. From the commencement of the Edinburgh schools in 1847 the number of children under 14 years of age committed to the Edinburgh gaol had diminished rom 260 to 81. At Perth an interesting experiment was tried by employing the boys to cultivate four acres of land. This succeeded so well that it was determined to cake a much larger piece of ground, but, neighbouring landowners objecting to this plan, it was not carried into effect. An important feature was the habit which had sprung up for parishes, on whom children had a claim, to sand them to industrial schools, paying a sti pend for their board ; and it was difficult to conceive of a more advantageous mode of supporting pauper children. Another circumstance was, that when children left the school they were put oat to employment where they were not boarded, but that was frequently found fur them at the school, their wages being drawn and placed against mile cost. There was a difference of opinion in Scotland on the policy of Dunlop's Act, but, as far as he could learn, the weight of testimony was greatly in its favour, and an indirect benefit was probably derived from the act, in that the fear of its being enforced induced pa rents and parishes to board children at the school by ar rangement, or otherwise provide for them, so that they did not continue to be vagrants. Mr. H. COSSIIA.M, in hi; paper, which was not long, traced juvenile crime, in a great degree, to the drinking habits of a great mass of the people, and said that two thirds of the children now in reformatories had been brought to their present state by the drunken habits of their parents. of all the nations of Europe, was without a public pro secutor. The consequence was frequent failures of jus tice, it being often possible, for a trifling sum, to buy off a prosecution. Many things, however, had contributed to improve our criminal jurisprudence. The amend ments in the rules of pleading, the greater frequency of trials, the improvement of the police in great towns, the better selection of magistrates—all had a share in producing this desired result, and public prosecutors and stipendiary justices were alone wanted to make our cri minal code as efficacious as human law could be ex pected to be. (Hear.) But we had committed one serious error. We had always considered crimes insu lated—that they originated in occasional gusts of pas sion. Nothing, however, could be more certain than that the great majority of offences committed in every civilised community were the results of immoral charac ter or gross ignorance, the offences themselves being, only a question of degree. The deterring effect of pu I nishment was very much lessened to a perverted mind, and the object should be to induce so radical a change in the course of thinking of the criminal that he would not only be deterred from one but from all wrong actions. The frequency of escape from penal visitation engendered bad habits, with which the moral percepti n of the criminal maintained a vain and fruitless conflict, and, however wi ely penal codes might be framed, they became feeble and inefficacious in action. The criminals who irifeste 1 society must be regarded as a elms who had turned crime into a trade ; and whee it a-as consi dered how many offences a thief must commit to earn his daily bread, it was evident that impunity wag the rule, and detection the exception. But even certainty of itself would not be enough. Celerity must be added to certainty in the punishment of crime, and the accent -Oatmeal of both those objects was almost irnpoa ible. If the sight or S hearing of punishment could produ ce effect, actual experience must produce still more. But hew stood the fact? By the returns of convictions for Manchester for 19 years ending in 1827, it was shown that between a third and a fourth of the whole number convicted were recommitted to the same gaol for other felonies. In the same period between 12,000 and 13,000 were committed to the gaols of Salford and Leeds, of whom 4,000 relapsed, and the magistrates of Liverpool had Retied that out of 14 boys taken at random one bad been recommitted no less than 19 times, and another (a child of 7 years old) in two years had been condemned three times to imprisonment, and a fourth to transpor tation. Now, what has been the means adopted for the prevention of this recurrence to crime ! Nothing was more certain than the first offence might by proper treat ment be made the last, but almost all magistrates admi nistered the law as if each offender was of the self-same character and belonged to the same class. (Hear.) It was clear that the State should provide the means of punishing the youthful and unhardened culprit without exposing him to the contamination of older criminals, and, more, should enable him to resume his place in so ciety without either the disgrace of exposure or the des peration of leaving a prison for a state of destitution. The Code Napoleon enabled the judge to give up the young convict to his relative, master, or guardian, on the undertaking of careful superintendence, with the power of police watchfulness ; and Mr. Hill, the learned, able, and humane Recorder of Birmingham, had adopted a similar course with a success which was extremely encouraging. (Rear.) It was, however, the duty of the Government to provide more ample means for reforming criminals. The gaol must be con sidered as a moral hospital and its inmates treated rather as patients than as criminals. After referring to what had been done with this object at Stretton-on-Dunsmore, Horn, near Hamburg, Lyons, Bordeaux, Rouen, Or leans, and at Mettray, and giving statistical results of the success which had attended the establishments at those places, the noble lord proceeded to remark that, in contrast with these pleasing details, they could only reflect w th pain and statue upon the rude and barbar ous method hitherto pursued with our convicts. He need hardly ask, was this wicked system to be con tinued ; or were they to amend it only with respect to the young ? Nothi ng cou ld b e more unreasona b le than drawing a line of demarcation between youthful and other offenders ; for they had no more right to imprison a man and then turn him loose on society, as bad or worse than before, than they had to perpetrate the same offence with a boy or child. (Hear.) In truth, we were guilty of a leis offence by liberating a bby than discharg ing an accomplished malefactor. After quoting the opi nions of Bentham, Macconochie, and other writers upon the subject of punishment, the noble lord observed that how grievously lawyers, magistrates, and specula tive reasoners had erred in bestowing so little attention upon a reformatory process must be plain to every mind. Every convict leaving the gaol unreclaimed became the teacher by precept and example of others ; the patient discharged from the moral hospital uncured carried with him A cottagious disease which threatened the existence of society, and from which, unhappily, society could not escape. How should this mischief be prevented By taking care that the patient should not be sent forth uncured. But what was the fact ? Not one, but thousands of uncured patients were every year vomited from the moral penthouses of the country, and the very rules of those establishments required that they should be cast out uncured. Undoubt edly the most important portion of a reformatory system was the general establishment of infant train ing. And how long, continued the noble lord, are see to wait before the most scandalous disgrace resting on our character as a people shall be removed ?—how long before the bitterness of sectarian controversy shall so far be allayed by the Christian feeling of mutual forbear ance, and the heats of polemical conflict be so far tem pered by brotherly love as to allow us to feel that "the greatest of all these things is charity," and that the tri umphs of sect over sect are as absolutely nothing com pared with the mighty and the holy conquests of sound knowledge over ignorance ? How long mast it be before we see the adversaries in such miserable contests prefer that victory which is far greater than his who conquers a great city—the victory over their own temper—leading to the sapping or the storming of the strong but not im• pregnable fortresses of ignorance, immorality, and irre ligion? It is our highest duty to rescue the people from ignorance and vice by giviug them the inestimable bless ing of a sound moral and religious education, to prevent theegrolvth of crime; while we provide for reclaiming from their vicious courses those who have been led astray—a cure only to be effected by making the punish ment of criminals the instrument of their reformation. That duty we have not discharged. But if we have planted no schools where habits of virtue may be in duced, stretched forth no band to extirpate the germs of vice, we have kept open other schools where vice is taught with never-failing success, and both hands inces santly to stifle the seeds of virtue ere yet they had time to sprout, and laid down many a hotbed where the growth of crime in all its rank luxuriousness is assidu ously forced. The infant school languishes which a pa ternal Government would have cherished ; but Newgate flourishes—Newgate with her thousand cells to corrupt their youthful inmates, seducing the guiltless, confirming the depraved. (Cheers.) The infant school is closed which a paternal Government would have opened wide to all its children ; but the penitentiary, where re pentance and penance should rather be performed by the zeal authors of their fall, yawns day and night to engulf the victims of our stepmother system. The infant school r. ceives no innocents whom it might train or hold fast to natural virtue, but the utterly execrable, the altogether abominable hulk lies moored in the face of the day which it darkens, within sight of the land which it insults, riding on the waters which it stains with every unnatural excess of infernal pollution, triumphant over all morals! Shall civilised, shall free, shall Christian rulers any !eager pause in the discharge of the first of their duties? or shall it be said that be tween the claims of contending factions in Church or in State, the Legislature stands paralysed, and cannot put forth its hand to save, lest offence should he given to some of the knots of theologians who bewilder its ears with their noise, as they have bewildered their nwn brains with their controversies I Be well assured, that if you suffer the parent of all evil, all falsehood, all hyp. • Crisy, all uncharitableness, all self-seeking—him who covers over with pretexts of conscience the pitfalls that he digs for the souls on which he preys—to stalk about the fold and lay waste its inmates—if we stand still and make no head against him; upon the vain pretext that our action is obstructed by religious cabals, or the far more guilty one, that by playing a party game we can turn the hatred of conflicting professors to our selfish purposes, we shall be greeted with a shoat of univereal scorn, which all mankind in all ages will send up against us. (Cheers ) The reading of this paper concluded the business of the meeting. SECTION B. This section met at the Victoria-rooms; Sir J. Paking. ton, M.P., in the chair. Papers were communicated by Capt. Crofton, Chairman of the Directors of Convict Prisons in Ireland, "Oa the advantage of giving en couragement to prisoners, and of allowing them some freedom of action ;" by Mr. Alfred Hill, on " Danlop's Act, and on the working of industrial schools in Scot land ;" and by Mr. H. Cossham, " On the connection be. tween drunkenness and juvenile crime." ENCOURAGEMENT TO PRISONERS. Captain Crofton, in his paper, remarked the success which had attended the application of the reformatory system in Ireland previous to the discharge of Govern. ment prisoners. The plan had been, some months before the release of a well-conducted prisoner on licence or otherwise, to train and prepare him for the world in which he was about to mix, by removing him from the prison to a Government establishment. Here lectures on useful subjects were delivered, moral, social, and indus_ trial training imparted, and the prisoner was placed in a situation of trust. By these means self-respect was en gendered. Every proper safeguard was of cotirse taken. There was abundant evidence of the well-doing of prison. ers who had been released after this probation, and the demand for their labour was quite equal to the supply. A loan farad had been instituted, and afforded a good test of the permanency of resolutions formed in the in stitution. A record was kept at the Smithfield depot, and facts proved that the majority of prisoners might be returned as useful members to society. As to the eco nomical question a much gzeater quantity of work com paratively was done in the institutions than in prison, and with far less supervision and cost. He was con vinced that able-bodied prisoners so situated could be made self-supporting. Lord Carlisle had taken an inte rest in the subject, and had averted many difficulties that might otherwise have arisen, and bad acted as a favourable stimulus both to officeri and to prisoners. They were training officers at Smithfield, so that when they commenced public works, the first of which would b e a juvenile penal reformatory, a well-qualified stefl would be ready. Captain Crofton then proceeded to con eider the reformatory question in connection with West ern Australia, and the difficulties which surrounded the ves ti oe of sec ilidary punishments. It was represented that Western Australia was only able to absorb 800 convicls aunually ; but if a reformed class of prisoner: alone was sent this number might be so increased as t. make the ,deportation of great value to the united king dom, A public meeting zecohtly held in this colony had, SECTION C. This section met in the Octagon of the Victoria. •ooms, under the presidency of Mr. W. Miles, the secretary being Mr. W. Gillow. The first paper read was that by Mr. PHILPOTT, on " Ship Reformatories." The author offered suggestions by which juvenile offenders might be reclaimed and a re gular supply of seamen obtained for her Majesty's ser vice. He stated that upwards of 10,000 young men under 18 years of age were annually committed for theft in Great Britain, and he suggested that, as there Were many ships lying up in ordinary in the various ports, the experiment might be tried of fitting Up 1. number of them at Portsmouth, Plymouth, Sheerness, and Peas broke, for the reception of 1,000 boys each, the vessels to be c Iliad instruction ships. In his opinion, the Legislature shauld be applied to to pass an act, authorising the magis trates in petty sessions to examine all yowls under 18 charged with felony or serious misdemeanour, and i -4uilty, instead of committing them to gaol, to apprentice them to her Majesty until they were 21 years of age. In those vessels the boys should be taught everything ne cessary to make them good saii,.rs. The cost of this experiment would be much less than the cost of prosecut ing and convicting young delinquents and supporting them in gaol. They would, he said, be free from all contamination, their characters would be preserved, and when they left the instruction-ships either to serve her Majesty or to go into the me rchaut service they would have the advantage of never havi ng been convicted of crime. Another paper was also read from Mr. J. R. Brough hatn, " On the Liverpool Akbar Hulk Reformatory." It was a highly interesting paper, descriptive of that R, , - tormatory. At the conclusion of these papers, The CHAIRMAN said h e was of opinion that many ob j:;ctions might be urged to the plan proposed, the princi pal, bowever, of which was, that it would interfere with tree labour. He thought that the utmost that could be done would be to give the young ptrsons good moral training and inure them to the discipline of the Refor Jiiatory, and then let them seek their o wn livelihood. Sir S. NORTHCOTE agreed with the chairman, that it would be very unwise to interfere with free labour, and called attention to the fact, that in the reign of Gtorge IV. it was lawful to send persons who had transgressed the Customs' laws to the navy, but the practice was found so übjectionab;e that it had been disc intiuued in the following reign. He thought, however, that ship re formatories might be rendered very valuable as a recep tacle lor those boys who, having been convicted, pun isheJ, and placed in reformatories, bad no trade or occu pation whatever. In such a case they could be taught the occupation and duties of a sailor, and then discharged to Beek their living. Alter some further remarks from other gentlemen, Mr. F. N. WA.TKINS suggested that very much benefit would be effected by the establishment of ship schools in Bristol, for which he contended the locality was well adapted. He drew an affecting picture of the pour desti tute boys . of Bristol, who, he said, were sometimes seen ctu%liy scraping the sugar -casks for toed. Mr. BROUGHAM objected eutirey to the principles of the paper. The Government by itself could not reform the criminal population, and every attempt on their part to do so would infallibly put an end to the movement. A paper was then read by Miss CARPENTER, " Ou the present position of reformatories to the State and the principles on which they should be conducted, especially as regards girls' reformatories." After a few introductory remarks, Miss Carpenter observed that the one great prieelple which had been lost sight of in the treatment ei juvenile criminals was the treatment of a child as a child, and all the machinery of judge, jury, and officers was breuglit to bear against youths wnoee tender years and ignorance hardly enabled them to distinguish right from wrong. Sue then gave a len g th ened d escript i on of the various improvements in criminal jurisprudence, strongly advocating a system which should give to the Government plenary powers over th e i nmates of refer matories, without interfering with the freedom of action on the part of the managers. Hitherto the progress of legislation, however slow, bad been in the right direction; but, instead of magistrates having merely a permissive power to send the children convicted to reformatories, further legislation was necessary, making it compulsory on them to send all children twice convicted, and those. who had been convicted once could not get security for their future good behaviour. There was no fear of the re formatories being too full as yet, for many were not half filled while others were building. After detailing many striking instances of the benefits derived in this neigh bourhood from reformatories, she concluded by express ing her opinion that, while she thought long imprison. merits injurious in the highest degree, a short p er i o d of seclusion with the advantage of those moral agencies they now happily possessed 'night be attended with the greatest benefit. At the same time she thought that previous punishment ought not to be ab so l u t e l y re quired before admittance into reformatories. The reading of this paper elicited th e warm applause of the meeting. The Very lfev. the Dean of BRISTOL, after a short in terval devoted to refreshment, read a paper by Lord Brougham,. '.on the inefficiency of oursim p l y penal legis. latiou," of which the following is an abstraet. His lord ship observed that the education and moral training of the people, and the making punishment subservient to the ()formation of offenders, offered the bast means of sav ing society from the pollution it is exposed to from the ignorance, the immoral 'habits, and the neglect of those who have fallen into criminal courses. There could be no doubt that while the very existen ce o f society was threatened by the frightful progress of crime, the in efficiency of the laws fur its restraint became every day more deplorably manifest. The opinion of every person of experience was that punishment by itself had no steady effect in deterring criminals. The • dread of pu nishment always depended upon the certainty of its fol lowing the commission of crime, and nothing like cer tainty was attained by the connection which .nishmentthe law ai present established between guilt and punishment. such had • been done of late years to diminish the chances of escape, but gratuitous prosecutors Were still required to 'put the law in motion, and England alone, SECONDARY PUNISHMENTS. At 3 o'clock the several sections re-assembled in the Victoria•rooms, when Sir S. Northcote, 111. P., read a paper on previous imprisonment of children senteboed to reformatories, and the itev. S. Turner on the best means of providing for the inmates of reforreatory rchools upon their discharge. These two papers were taken out of the sections. ------- Sir S. NORTFCOTE condemned punishment which was of a merely retributive character; an attempt should be made at reformation. They should not be discharged without any provision being made t' prevent their re• lapsing into crime. There were two great questions which be wished them to consider. The first was whether youthful offenders ought to be punished at all ; and the second was, whether reformatory •schools ought to be made places of punishment. It was cruel and unjust to pu'nish youthful offenders for an infraction of the law of which they had clearly been convicted, and then, when they bad endured the pain which, " for the sake so ciety," was inflicted upon them, to turn them , adrifi: upon the world without making any effort to avert the ruin which was stating theta in the face on their return to society. Society, like property, had its duties as well as:its rights. (Hear.) The establishment of reformato ries had materially altered the aspect of this question, and be thought that they were now likely to see their way clear to the gradual introduction cf a system by means of which penal and 'reformatory measures would go hand in hand together. When this could be done every youthful offender who was clearly conscioul of the act which he was committing, and who was aware of its criminality, ought to be appropriately punished. He totally disapproved the French system , of acquitting al most every child under the age of 16, because long be fore that age 99 boys out of every 100 were perfeetly, able to discern between right and wrong, 4lid to calcu• LIFE; h 174 _" 3 Z~ Just published, gratis, ALETTER on the DESTRUCTION of PIIEASANTS and other GAME throughout the country by STRYCHNINE. By JAMES HIBBERT, of Manchester, Hygeist. May be had at the British College of Plealth, New-road, London, gratis, or by post, on sending a postage-stamp. - r~ •• '~ .~:; t` ~', ^ i • , `(,, ~~;iel.