The Sun. — London, England, 1856-08-14 00:00:00

LOOK AT ROME. It is rather singular that we, who of all nations are the most fond of travel, and who pride our selves on the facility with which we can circum navigate the globe, do not yet know how to get from one end of our own metropolis to the other. The pedestrian who'has beaten his Alpine guides in climbing, who has followed the trial of the bush men and overtaken them, and who had kept pace with the-Sioux as he hunted through,the prairie, when he comes back to England may find it diffi cult to conduct a lady to the pianoforte without jostling a card-table, kicking down the chairs, and stumbling on to the music-stool ; and we, whose fleets have crossed every sea, whose caravans have traversed every land, who have given steam-ships and railroads and telegraphs to the world, who go to India in a month and to America in ten days— who, in a word, have brought the art of locomotion to the, highest perfection, do not know how to move along our own streets. We wonder when the metropolitan miud will fully comprehend such facts as these—tliat from Hyde-park to London bridge the distance is a third of the way to Brighton, and that from this office to Paddington is a third of the distance from Paddington to Oxford. A Hansom cab will not drive to either of these sta tions from the places named in less than half an hour, and in an hour and-a-half a railway journey of miles is regularly accomplished. Does it never occur to any one that this is not merely a great in convenience' but a great disgrace to us ? Does it never occur to those who say to their country cou sins, " Ab, you should see the carriages in Cheap side," and who point with exultation to the dead lock there, that there ought to be no dead lock, and that it,is our shame, not our glory ? . Our whole street system is most discreditable, and it would be well if those who have hitherto been thinking only of the antipodes and the North Pole, how to cut through the Isthmus of Suez, and how to. reach the Pacific by Panama, were to begin at home, and at tempt to solve the still more important problem of metropolitan transit. There are some grand schemes afloat. We have heard of a railway to go round London, and of another under it ; of tunnels • here, bridges there, and new streets everywhere. One day some of these may come to maturity, and the more the better ; but we confess we look upon all of these new schemes with more or less indiffer ence, so long as a proper use is not made of the old appliances. These new roads will not be of much avail, unless we can turn the old streets as well as the new to better account. It is impossible to look at the long train of omnibuses in Fleet-street, each with its own small proportion of passengers, but still with overladen horses, and not feel the deepest ' disgust at the want of mechanical ingenuity which causes so great a waste of power, of convenience, of space, and of time. It is marvellous that, standing in our crowded thoroughfares, and seeing .the omnibuses pass dve or six in rank, our autho rities have never thought it worth while to sim plify the system by making two horses do the work of twelve. We want room, and really were. the result only to get rid of ten horses every minute it would be an immense saving. It will be at once surmised that we have in our minds the idea of a tranaroad running on each side of the principal streets, such as may be seen every day at work in the Champs Elysees, and such as at most of our seaports is used for the passage of heavy waggons. How easy it would be to establish suc h a li ne i n Lon don will be evident to those who have observed the uniformity of the omnibus routes east and west ; how, with feW exceptions, they proceed in two long lines from cheapside, the one by New gate-street towards the Marble Arch, the other by St. Paul's to Charing-cross. As a speculation, too, it would be the more easy to accomplish, as the majority of the omnibuses now belong to a single company, who propose, when their arrange ments are complete, to introduce the system of correspondence with cross routes. That company, it is well known, has offered prizes for improved vehicles; and carriages a little larger and more airy than those, hitherto in use may now be seen actually running. But is it not perfectly evident that with the present system of roads it is impos sible to make any decided improvement in the construction of these most uncomfortable convey ances ? An inch may be added to the height, and half an inch to the breadth, a corner may be rounded off, the back of the seat padded, addi tional windows cut in front, and a bright brass railing placed for the cautious to lay hold off ; but what of all this ? Within, the omnibus is nothing but a couple of narrow shelves, on which passen gers are packed like trussed fowls on the ledge of a poulterer's window ; without, mortal men are set to grind on a " knifeboard." So long as in these narrow, crowded streets of ours, each omni bus, with its 20 passengers and its pair of horses, must thread its way as best it can,- now to the right, now to the left, it must remain of its present size, and in spite of 1001. and 1,0001. prizes no material improvement will ever appear. But send ten out of every dozen horses out of the way, and put six omnibuses in one, and hero at once we gain three great advantages—the streets are so far cleared and rendered passable, the omnibuses are enlarged and rendered comfortable, and there is au enormous saving of horse-power. Nor are these the only important advantages that would accrue. We may refer to a few more. And first of all deserves to be mentioned less noise. Only think of that one advantage in a city where we put our hands to our ears and are ready to invoke deafness as a blessing ! Not less important, how ever, /could be the cheapness of the conveyance. For a uniform rate of ld., or 2d. at the most, passengers might be conveyed from one end of London to the other. To every one who is in the habit of using these vehicles there would thus be a gain in the mere matter of money saved ; but two more good results would follow. There would be no more cheating and bullying by brutal conduc tors. The enEfering to which some women are sub jected by the extortion of these men can only be estimated by those who have seen them on entering the omnibus nervously looking at the table of fares, or on getting out in the wet streets paying double their fare, while the conductor insolently refuses change, and in one moment whistles- the driver away, the women standing in the rand and gazing helplessly after him. There could be nothing of this kind with a system of cheap and uniform fares, like the penny postage, which would be the inevi table accompaniment of a tram-road. And yet another beneficial result would follow in the change which it would help to bring about in the distribu tion of our metropolitan population. This, if a remote, is certainly one of the most important ad vantages of all. We have again and again called the attention of our readers to the haunts of the working classes in the more crowded parts of the city, and have urged the erection of model dwel ling-houses, knowing that the inmates of these miserable dens have no mode of escape to the suburbs. What if a tramroad were to solve the difficulty in its own way ? And, as the city mer chant hies away to sleep iu Kent or among the Surrey hills, may not the workman, by means .of a penny ride, be soon able to spend the evening with his family in a less confined atmosphere than that of a court in Westminster or Seven Dials ? As it is, we have tried almost every kind of road to no purpose. We have tried macadam, and found it dusty in summer and muddy in winter beyond en durance. We have tried wooden blocks . in all sorts. of directions—slantw a 3 and crosswise, and upright—and found them excessively Y sto wasteful and slippery. We have tried a nenvement, and are not only shaken to pieces by the jolting, but stupefied with the din which weia t if l e e ra . t t sed about our own ears. In some parts of we are even now making the experiment of al e i l ' y pave ment. Having tried these, and more or i l r eas failed on in all, what if we now try a tramroad, addition to the freedom from noise, freedom' 'f';om in dust and mud, freedom from jolting, and f ree d om from constant repair, we have hitherto been se e ki ng to obtain, will afford us great rapidity of move ment, and free us from some 4,000 or 5,000 horses that now block up owrstreets ? It may be urged as a drawback to the conve niences of such a road that the stoppages for the purpose of taking up and setting down passengers would be frequent, and that some time might be lost in this way. Those who have observed the ra pidity with which the river steamboats discharge and take up passengers at their appointed piers will not doubt that at least equal rapidity may be at tained by omnibuses touching at regular stations. little tevenin the long run, there'should be some detention, the public will still gain this, that the streets wilt eto a certain extent cleared, so as to enable those who are in a hurry to push forward in cabs. At present a cab can go very little faster than the omnibus. And what those who travel on the trainroad lose in ti • with in consideration o ni f n the theymay afford to part cheaper and easier and ime better conveyan ce . repeat, however, that w e do not believe there would be sayloss of time, and, just as many an ,omnibus fills at the Bank w ith passengers all bound f or Charing cross, eighty persons would get into one huge conveyanee and drive on as before, only more easily and cheaply n for themselves, and more pleasantly and se' lessly for the people on foot. As things are atopi re sent, London, afflicted with apoplexy and deafen e d with its.own existence, is becoming insupportable, and it is really a disgrace to the nation that its streets should show no more signs of provident arrangement for the order of traffic: than they did in the days of the Plantagenets.—Times. BAIL WAY INTBLLIGENCE. GREAT WESTERN. The directors of this company have just issued their report. It states that the results of the traffic over the several lines of railway continue to be satisfactory, and are encouraging for the future. Comparing the receipts of the corresponding periods in 1855 and 1851, it will be perceived that the increase on the Great Western Rail ways has been 56,8831., and on the two Shrewsbury Railways (north of Wolverhampton) 19,1841., making together au aggregate improvement of revenue during the last half-year of 76,0671. These increased receipts have been separately produced from the following sources : Great Western. Shrewsbury. Total. Passengers 233,449 £3,264 £36,713 Goole, cattle, &c 20,415 15,197 35,612 Other sources £56,883 £19,184 £76,067 It may also be mentioned that, with one immaterial ex ception, these improvements in income have been derived from each of the various lines and branches worked by the company. The portion of the Hereford, Ross, and Glouceater Railway between Hopebrook and Hereford having been first opened on the Ist of June, 1855, allow ance must be made in the comparison of receipts between the two periods for a difference of five months' additional traffic in 1856 over 18 miles of that railway. On the other band, the sane observation applies in like manner to the expanse incurred in working those 18 miles of rail way. Notwithstanding that circumstance, it is gratifying to report that the directors have been enabled to reduce the working charges of the'Great Western undertakings from 285,1261. in 1855, to 282,0801. in 1856, being a difference of 3,0561., which, added to the increased re venue of '56,883/. over the same lines, provides an avail able increase of nearly 60,0001. in one half-year towards the interest and other preference engagements, as well as to pay an increased dividend to the shareholders. The Shrewsbury lines have been worked at an increased expen diture of only 5,5451., although the greater receipts have been 19,1841., principally derived from goods traffic. In both instances the cost of maintenance of way will be found mainly to account for thqifference in the expen diture of the two periods ; in thelene case—that of the Great Western lines—the diminution under that head exceeding the whole saving, while in the other case the greater charge for maintenance of way is nearly equiva lent to the total increase of expenses for working the two Shrewsbury railways. While referring to that ,item of expenditure, it is proper to observe,that- there had been an unusually heavy expenditure during the last two or three years for the permanent improvement of the bal lasting and draining of the Great Western lines, and also for the supply of new materials, which subjects have been specially mentioned in former reports of the engineer-in-chief. The company are now reaping, to some extent; the advantages of that increased expendi ture. The practice of placing against, revenue in each half-year the cost of all rails, timber, and other ma terials supplied for the line, as uniformly adopted by this company, must tend occasionally to disparity in the half-yearly accennts of expenditure, according to the exi gencies of each period ; but it nevertheless appears to the board preferable to the system of carrying it, in the first instance, to the debit of a separate renewal account, which may afterwards, in some instances, become trans ferred to the capital account. The directors have to recommend that a dividend be now declared at the rate of 21 per cent, per annum out of the earnings of the company, after defraying all the charges and liabilities upon the revenue, as shown in the accounts duly audited and approved. The said dividend will be made payable in the usual manner on and after Ist Sept. to the holders of the consolidated stock and Windsor shareholders, who were registered for the same at the closing of the books, and a balance will be carried over to the next half-year cf 6,8671. 14s. 7d. Besides this amount there is a heavy claim still under arbitration, against the Postmaster- General for additional mail services performed since Feb., 1855, which there cep be little doubt will be as certained and adjusted during the current half-year, On the other hand, the dividends secured to the Kennet and Avon Canal shareholders have upon the aggregate exceeded the total net revenues of it since the purchase of the canal in 1851. The deficiency will be met out of the larger amount payable to this company for extra mail services. The power of running goods trains over the line of railway between Chester and Birkenhead has been exercised by this company since the 2d of Feb. last, and an award has been made deter mining the terms upon which this company is entitled so to run those trains. The amount payable under that award (which will last for three years only) is undoubt edly heavy, consisting partly of an annual rent and partly of. toll ; and it is only by means of a considerable in crease an the traffic that the rent can be defrayed with out loss. Already there has been a satisfactory acces sion of business to your northern lines through Birken head, and there are indications of progressive improve ments in the goods traffic, now that this company are in a position to undertake the management and exclusive control of it to and from the port of Liverpool. The line of the Wilts and Somerset Railway between Warmin ster and Salisbury, a distance of 20 miles, was opened for public traffic on the 30th of June last. The local basinesa promises to be good ; and when the London South-Western new station in Salisbury shall bo com-\, pleted, near to that of the‘Warminster lice, a through traffic to Southampton, Portsmouth, and the coast is an ticipated, which will make the line itself remunerative. The auditors have taken stock during the summer with the greatest care and attention, through persons em ployed by themselves, and independent of the officers of the company, and they report the result of that exami nation as satisfactory, proving the accuracy of the store accounts to the 30th June, 1856. The locomotive engine stock, carriages, waggons, &c., have also been ascertained to be in complete repair and efficient condition. No ex ertions have been spared to accelerate the completion of the unfinished lines and works, and the directors hope to to see all the Parliamentary engagements of the company concluded before the close of the present year. The di rectors have not,been promoters of aii'y bill during the last two sessions of Parliament, and they do not con template at present the necessity of any application to the Legislature for fresh powers. It is a matter of great satisfaction to the board to find that the promoters of the Metropolitan Railway are likely to proceed forthwith in the construction of that railway, which will form a continuous lino from the; Paddington station into the city, and be available both for passengers and goods to and from the company's whole system. An agreement has been concluded upon very satisfactory terms for securing from the Ruabon Coal Company (limited) a minimum freight of 40,0001. per annum for coals to be conveyed over a distance exceeding 100 miles on the company's liees of railway. It will commence in Jan. next, and, provided a certificate from the coal manager is obtained that the sale is London can be enlarged so as to admit of a considerable extension of business in the qualities of coal adapted to house censumption, the Ruabon Com pany have covenanted to secure to the railway after the first year a minimum annual freight of 60,0001., and after the second year 80,0001., in respect of their coals. The directors hope to make similar agreements with other coal owners, and thereby to encourage a traffic which, with other sources cf improving revenue, ought at all times to insure better dividends to the proprietors of the consolidated stock.' The lamented death of Mr. Russell has taken place since the last half-yearly meeting, and the board cannot refiain from expressing their deep and sincere regret at the loss of so valuable a colleague, whose' services in the ehair during many years have been repeatedly the subject of eulogium from the general body o" proprietors. The'directors are of opinion that the va cancy caused by Mr. R.uesel's death should not be filed up at present, tint.! the services of some person of known abil , ty and high character can be secured capable of de voting his time and againmetits to the welfare of tho company." The report of Mr. Brunel, the engineer, states that the Salisbury branch of the Wilts and Somerset Railway has been opened, and is working very satisfactorily. The usual notice has been given to the Board of Trade of the intended opening of 26 mile.; of the Weymouth Railway, being the p or ti on ex t en di ng from. Frome to Yeovil. of Upon e permanent tli remaining w ay isproceeding a distance to Weymou th sfastas therails t he laying s are piete d e i i t i v fo e r r e d, po a b nd i ie every exertion without t o t n il he w lea l b std e e u la s y ed . toucopmen the Bradford and Batharepton Branch the permanent way is the only work to govern the opening of that line. The junction for the Uxbridge Branch at West Drayton and the station at Uxbridge have been completed. The works of the Reading Western Branch are nearlyfinished, and provision is made for extended good sidings there. Tue Henley Branch is also in a forward state, and no lime will be lost in completin g it. 'rho main line and branches of this company which Lave been in use for traffic have been maintained in an efficient and satisfac tory manner. 1- L.A.NCASIIIIIE AND YORKSiIIRE. , ........ The dieectiirs of this company have decided on recom mending the proprietors at their next meeting to declare a dividend from the earnings of the past half-year at the rate of 4 per cent. per annum, leaving an amount to be added to the surplus. MIDLAND. - - - ------ - The directors report to the 25th half-yearly general meeting o f t h e. proprietors of this railway, to )0 held on the 20th, that "they have again the satisfaction of an nouncing a large increase in the traffic of the railway, which for the hall year ending the 301,h June last shows an increase over that of the corresponding half-year of 1855, as follows - Coaching, 633/, 7s. 2d. ; merchandise) 41,88 L/ 14s. 103. ; mineralP, 11,5931. Cs. 53. ; cattl e , 1,0581. 19s. 10d.; total, 55,1711. Bs. 3d. The balance avai!able for dividend is 242,197/. 15s. 7d., of which 33,8021. 18s. 63. is carried from the previous half-year, and 208,3941. 17s. ld. arises from the traffic of the half year ending 30th June last. The directors propose the pay ment of the following dividend, less income tax, on the 13t Sept. next, viz.:-21. upon each 1001. consolidated stock ; 1/ 6s. 3d. on each 100/. consolidated Birmingham and Derby stock ; Zll. on each 1001.censolidated preferen tial stock ; 31. upon 'each 1001. consolidated Erewash Valley stock ; 21. ss, upon each 1001. consolidated 41/. per cent. preferential stock ; 7s. 63. upon each 161. 13 , . 41. share, being half a year's interest at 41 per cent. ; 21. upon each 1001. consolidated Leicester and Hitoin preferential stock ; 21. upon each 1001, paid on account of Si. shares ; which will.leave a balance of 3,5391. 15s. 31. to be carried to the account of the current ball-year." THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION. CHELTENHAM, AUG. 12. Mr. Grove, F.R.S., delivered &lecture last evening at the CollegAo a numerous assembly of the members of the 13:itish Association " Oa Correlation of Physical Science." The business of most of the sections was brought to a close about 4 o'clock to-day. The attendance ha all the sections during this meeting has been very large ; the most attractive sections being C and E, which have been full every day, the ladies forming considerably the larger por tion of the audience in these departments. THE SUM LONDON, THURSDAY EVENINGI AUGUST 14, 1858: EAST LANCASHIRE. The half yearly meeting of this company was held yes- terday at Bury, Mr. Dugdale presiding. Au abstract of the half-yearly report and statement of accounts has already appeared in The Sun. The CHAIIIIIAN, after a few remarks, moved the adop tion of the report. The report was carried unanimously, as was also a re• solution declaring the guaranteed dividends on the pre ference stock of the company, and a dividend of 4 per cent. per annum on the ordinary stock—all payable on the 27th inst. The meeting was then made special, and the directors were authorised to convert the debenture debt, or an:v pars, of it, into perpetual annuities of the company, at a rate not exceeding 4 per c3nt. per annum. The proceedings concluded with a vote of thanks to he directors. STOCKTON AND DARLINGTON. The half-yearly meeting of thii company was held yes terday at Darlington, Mr. T. Meynell in the chair. The report of the directors (an abstract of which ap peared in The Sun) was taken as read. The CHAIRMAN moved the adoption of the r4ort, which was carried unanimously, and dividends of 5 per cent. on preference shares, 6 per cent. on Wear Va and Redcars, and 9 per cent. on ordinary shares were declared. A. vote of thanks to the chairman concluded the pro ceedings. BRADFORD, WAKEFIELD, AND LEEDS. The half-yearly meeting.nf this company was held yes terday at Bradford. Mr. Firth presided. Mr. Burnside, the secretary, having read the report, an abstract of which has appeared in Me Sun, The CHAIRMAN, in moving its adoption, said that the construction of the line was progressing in a most satis factory manner, and he had reason to believe that it would be randy for opening in April next year. He had uo doubt that when the line got into operation the share holders would be in the receipt of a very satisfactory di vidend. Mr. BARFF seconded the adoption of the report, which was agreed to. ' On the motion of the CILIILIMAN, the directors were authorised to borrow the whole or any part of 60,000/., at such times and on such terms as they may think fit. A vote of thanks to the chairman concluded the pro ceedings. WEA.It VALLEY. The half•yearly meeting of this company was held yesterday at Darlington, Mr. Pascoe Smith in the chair. The proceedings were of a formal character, and the usual dividend of 6 per cent. was declared. MIDDLESBOROUGH AND REDO &R. This company held its meeting at the same time and place, Mr. N. Plews in the chair. The proceedings were of a similar character, and a 6 per cent. dividend Wa3 declared. RAILWAY TRAFFIC RETURNS. GREAT NORTHERN ItAlLWAY.—Traffie return for the week ending Aug. 3, 1856 £24,162 5 6 Corresponding week last year 23,812 10 8 LANCASHIRE AND YORKSHIRE RAILWAY. —Traffic re turn for the week ending Aug. 10, 1856 £25,732 14 4 Corresponding week last year 22,529 18 5 CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD RAlLWAY.—Traffie return for the week ending Aug. 10, 1856 £7,255 4 5 irresponding week last year 6,622 17 5 Increase in 1856 . LONDON GENERAL OMNIBUS COMPANY.—Traffic re turns fur the week ending Aug. 9, 1856 .....211,117 11 10 THE FIRE AT MESSRS. BROADWOOD'S FACTORY. It is stated that. had the premises for which Messrs. Broadwood have for years paid a large annual suns to the Chelsea Waterworks Company been properly charged at the time of the outbreak, the fire would have been confined within comparatively narrow limits. It appears that when intelligence of the disaster was first cauveyed to Mr. Russell, foreman of the works, he in stantly hurried into one of the shops, where two work men were employed, and calling upon them to assist him, they together conveyed two or three lengths of hose and a branch to that part of the yard in which the outbreak had occurred. The flames were then just visi ble, fl ekering within a window on the third floor, and Mr. Russell having screwed on the hose to one of the firemains, of which there were no less than a dozen on the premises, took the branch in band himself, and directed a stream of water immediately upon the spot where the flames were playing. For a few moments a full stream of water was thrown into the building, and the flames were so far subdued as to give great encouragement to the parties engaged, when, of a sudden, the supply of water altogether ceased, and the fire unexpectedly in creased in a terrific manner, bidding defiance to all fu ture efforts to stay its progress. The contract 9f the water company with Messrs. Broad wood was to have the mains full charged at 6 o'clock every evening, for the express purpose of being called into action in the event of fire. Yet at a quarter to 7 o'clock on Tuesday evening the supply failed at the only one tested out of 12 contracted for. The agents of the various insurance companies, on visiting the premises yesterday, expressed themselves very strongly upon the subject. The outbreak occurred in the close vicinity of one of the stoves, in which theretiad been a fire during the afternoon. There can belittle doubt, therefore, that, not withstanding the precautions taken, a spark must have fallen beyond the iron framework in which the fire is encased, and that t line the disaster originated. The loss has not yet been estimated. About 200 instru ments, in various stages of completion, were rescued dur ing the are, and deposited io warehouses and depots in the neighbourhood, kindly placed at the disposal of Messrs. Broadwood. To this salvage has to be added a very large quantity of pine wood and ebony, which, being stacked at the northern extremity of the premise s , which the fire did not reach, has escaped destruction. _ _ The sympathy expressed for Messrs. Broadwood has been very general. Happily, they have another large fac tory iu Pulteney-street, Golden,quare, where the busi miss was originally establiThed, which, with the premises estill standing in tt e Horseferry road and other conveni ences which have been offered to them, will enable the firm to carry on tibair business without interruption. The official report sets forth the extent of the premises destroyed (already described in our report of the catas trophe), and adds a list of ten houses on the west side of Holy wea-street, tile fronts of which have been terribly scorched, the wine:ows broken, and the contents much injured by the water necessarily thrown upon the tene ments to prevent tieir OUR HAl2l 7 .gSr DIFFICULTIES. The following letter has been addressed to a contem- porary : Sir,--Within the las(' fortnight my attention has been forcibly drawn to the dh.sculty in which our farmers are placed by the want of han, is to get in the bountiful corn ha; vest with which we haire been favoured—a difficulty which bas been increased by the rapidity with which the harvest has become ripe at n larly the same time all over the kingdom. Calamities ending in good, o which it is not here ne cessary to refer, have material; '37 diminished the army of itinerant Irish reapers, on who. v, in similar straits, our farmers have been in the habi t of relying ever since :steam boats and railroads brou: the cost and time of tras elfin down to a minimum., In Englar.d floating rural labour has within the last few. years been absorbed by emigration, by the prosperf - 4 of our ri.tkifactures and camtinerce, and recently b 7 the necessary increase of our army. The consequence of this doubly diminished supply is that the price of harvi ist lablar has risen until the farmers outbid railway con' ractors, and we find our. selves c9mpelled to suspend, for the present, the execu ti'n of all but very pressing pu ilia works. " Navvi. s" who were earion g from 4s 3d to 4s 6d a day have left us because they can .rare more atharvesting. To attempt to keep them from t i work on which so much national prosperity depends by father increasing their wages,would have been - very sh cart-eighted Under these c:rcunistance.4 I venture to suggest that our Government might wisely i: a Rate the example of the French in times of harvest elm a gency, and permit the soldiers of regiments statimied ; rural districts to earn wages by helping to get its um. Such assistance, rendered immediately, vreseid sass 3 an incalculable a moun t of national wealth, be gratefully received by our agri culturists, and, I venture to thin 'r, would not be more injurious to the discipline of the British than of the French . soldier.—l am, &c., S. MoBTON PETO. Kensington Palace gardens, Aug:, 13. CRYSTAL PALACE.—ONE SH. CLING DAY.--Yesterd ay the admissions on payment wer. 16,551 ; ditto by season tickets, 495; total visitors, 7,01 SECTION 8.-CHEIIICAL SCIENCE. The paper by Professor Bunsen' and Dr. H. E. Roscoe on "Photochemical Researches," read yesterday, stated that the method pursued by thorn in attempting to obtain a measure of tho chemical action of light was to evolve a mixture of hydrogen and chlorine by the decomposition of hydro-chloric acid by a galvanic current. This mixture of gases is sensible in a high degree. So far their experiment was the same as Draper's ; but they soon found that by using his method the results were incorrect, owing to his machine leaving no regular pressure of the gas in it, and also the mixture of the gases being variable in proportion. By their method they eliminated these errors, so that they found their machine give constant comparable results. They also found that the chemical action varied inversely as the square of the distance from the source of light. Mr. WORSLEY also read a paper on Dr. Gaett's improve ments in making iron and cast steel. This process was worthy of notice, it being one of the earliest attempts made to introduce into England the principle of gas fuel in a more perfect manner than has yet been effected. The principle was to reduce and carbonise iron ores, such as harmetic and other ore free from sulphur and phosphorus, by passing gas produced in a generator through a column of ores, supplying at the same time air enough, to burn a portion of the gas in order to give the temperature neces sary to the reduction of the ore, and the carbonisation cf the so reduced iron, and, secondly, b melt the produce in a second furnace. Dr. GILBERT read a paper on the products and constitu tion of wheat grain. 'Dr. Gilbert's paper contained the ro sults of a large number of experiments made by him and Mr. Lawes, during a period of several years, upon wheat grown in this country as well as abroad. Dr. Gilbert subjected the various coarse and fine varieties of flour to analysis, and showed that the nitrogEin increased in pro portion as the sample was coarser and contained more bran. The flour that contained least nitrogen was that which took up least water in the process of bread-ma king, and an in teresting question arose as to the nutritive value of bread containing much or no bran. Dr. Gilb3rt's opinion being in favour of the latter, as far as working men are con earned, notwithstanding the theoretically higher value of bread containing bran. Another interesting fact stated by Dr. Gilbert was that the Black Sea wheat in Europe and the Southern State wheat in America were far richer in gluten than those from the northern latitudes, those from Dantzic containing least gluten, while they stood highest among bread-making grain. Die character of the gluten seamed dependent in soma degree on its oily constituent; and therefore the quality of the bread depends on the maturation of the seed. Dr. It. D. THOMSON' remarked that the value of bread might depend on the state of hydration of the starch and gluten ; but was doubtful as to the value assigned to the n itritions qualities of starch, as the French chemists proved that the starch was often left undigested. . . . . Dr. VOELCKER stated that he had arrived at similar ex. perimental conclusions as Dr. Gilbert, but while he ac knowledged that starchy bread was mechanically the best, he combated Dr. Gilbert's view, that this was the most wholesome kind of bread for the working man. He traced the phosphoric acid found by Dr. Gilbert in the bran to phosphorus contained'as such in the gluten, Dr. Voelcker having found this element in caseine and legumine. Dr. ailing, J. H. Pearsall, Mr. Maskelyne, and Mr. Worsley took part in the discussion that followed. After Dr. Gladstone's paper some discussion took place as to the attire of Chemical affinity, Dr. Oiling calling in ques tion the prevalent views on the subject, more especially what has been called elective affinity. Mr. Maskelyne supported the other side of the subject, agreeing, however, with Dr. Gladstone on the necessity of a better system of expressing the results of analyses. SECTION C.—GEOLOGY. The proceedings commenced this morning by two papers, ono read by Mr. J. B. Jukes, on the alteration of clay slate into mica schist and gneiss by the granite of Wicklow, &c., and the other by Mr. H. C. Sorby, on the microscopical structure of mica schist. These papers were both on the same subject, Mr. Jukes proving on a large scale the re sults that Mr. Sorby had deduced from microscopical exa minations. The next papers were by Professor Harkness, on the jointing of rocks ; by Professor Rogers, on the origin of saliferous deposits ; by Mr. Etheridge, on the igneous rocks of Lundy and the Bristol District ; by Mr. Mushet, description of an ancient miner's axe in the forest of Dean; and by Mr. Baily on fossils from the Crimea. This was, as might be expected, a most interesting communication upon some fossils collected by Capt. C. F. Cockburn, of the Royal Artillery, principally in the southern end of the Crimea, many of the fossils having been obtained from the trenches, others by Major Cook, Royal Engineers, and Lieut.-Col. C. L. Cocks, Coldstreatn Guards. Sir R. kluucHrsoN, in a few remarks on the subject, stated that he hoped in future that when any expedition was sent from England a body of scientific men would be attached to head-quarters. Mr. J. P. WOODWARD also made a few remarks on the shells which had been described, showing the gradual filling up of the communication between the Aral, Caspian, and Black Seas. SECTION E.-GEOGRAPHY AND ETHNOLOGY. Dr. RAE, in this section yesterday, made some 'cranks upon the Esquimanx, and referred to his intercourse with that tribe during his explorations in search of Sir John Franklin in the Arctic Seas. Sir R. J. MURCHISON referred with much feeling to the failure which had attended all the expeditions sent to that region in search of the last navigator. Sir J. Franklin had baen a dear friend. He (Sir R. J. Murchison) was Presi dent of the Royal Geographical Society when Sir John Franklin undertook his last and fatal enterprise, and he held the opinion (an opinion shared in by the President of the Royal Society, by Load Ellesmere, and by many other learned and distinguished persons) th at it was the bounden duty of the country not to leave unseaached the small area in which the Erebus and Terror must still be frozen up. It was well known that in those frigid regions everything was preserved for many years without a symptom of decay, and as the Esquimaux, even if so minded, had not the means of breaking up the heavy timber and ironwork of the vessels, they must still be lying within a radius of some 200 or 31) mires. If a diligent search were made in that locality, he had no doubt but that the long-boats might be recovered, and with them, in all probability, the records of the expedition. He was sere the public would be inte rested to hear that the committee of the section of geo graphy and ethnology had that, day passed a resolution to present a memorial to the First Lord of the Treasury, in common with other learned societies, praying that the Go vernment would sanction another expedition to make a renewed search for the remains of Sir John Franklin and his gallant band. (Applause.) RETURN JOURNEY OF DR. D. LIVINGSTONE ACROSS ROUTHERN•AFRICA. At tho meeting of this section this morning, Sir RODERICK MURCHISON communicated portions of three long and descriptive letters recently received by him from the eminent explorer and successful missionary, Dr. D. Livingstone, who had reached the Portuguese settle ment of Tete on the east, having re-traversed southern Africa from St. Paul di Leande on the west coast. Dr. Livingstone had, in fact, reconducted the faithful natives whom he had converted to Christianity to their own homes, these men having acted as his guard throughout his peri ions journeys. The _map originally constructed by Dr. Livingstone, of this vast unexplored region, having deter mined the longitude and latitude of many places, has been for some time in preparation by Mr. Arrowsmith, and the letters now received will occasion certain changes in it as respects the direction in which some of the central rivers flow. Passing rapi fly over a number of highly interesting details, which will be published in the volumes of the Royal Geographical Society, Sir Roderick read those pas sages of the letter which confirm by actual observation theory he (Sir R. Murchison) had formed in 1852 respect ing the propable physical condition of the interior of Africa in ancient as well as in modern times, as deducted from an examination of the geological map of the Cape colony by Mr. Bain, end the earlier discoveries of Dr. Living stone, and his associates around Lake Njemi, viz , that high crests of hard rocks constituted the Eastern and western flanks of the great continent, through which the rivers escape by deep transverse fissures from a compara tively low and fist marshy regions, intersected by a profu sion of rivers and lakes. [n the central region the water sheds are determined by slight elevations only, some of the rivers flowing northwards into the Congo or Zaine, and others into the Zambesi, down the banks of which the author travelled. The chief geological features of the east ern and western flanking ridges of the continent are de scribed, the principal altitudes having been approximately estimated by the ebullition of water. On approaching the tract where be was once more to be in communication with civilised beings, Dr. Livingstone gives a very striking ac count of the scenery around the great falls of the liver Zernbesi, where that broad stream, after rushing over ra pids, is suddenly compressed into a narrow gorge, and cas cades over a stupendous precipice, fringed on all sides by the richest and most pictorial vegetation. The rocky flanking ridges are very salubrious, and while in them the traveller and hie animals were not molested by the Tsetse, or destructive insect, and it is suggested that these sanatoria may extend much farther to the north. Tne third and last letter, which was writtoo when the author's periis and labours had terurinated, gives a general view of the ethnology and general habits of the various tribes of Africans, among whom Dr. Lushingfon lived, and with whose language he is familiar. He assigns a manifest superiority to the in habitants of the hilly countries, and particularly to the Ceffre-Zuleh race. He also states that the Bible has been nearly translated into eechuena, or the dialect of the Bechuanas, the most regularly -developed of the, Negro languages. " Of its capabilities (he adds) you may jud ge , when I mention that the Pentateuch is fully expressed in considerably fewer words than in the Greek Septuagint, and in a very greatly less number than our verbose Eng lish version." After a sketch of the zoology and botany of these- regions, and an account of the prevalent diseases of the natives, Dr. Livingstone, having given the history of Cie successive accounts narrated by the Portuguese, of their efforts to penetrate into the intense-, modestly expressos his belief that he is the first' Eurcepeaa who has travelled across South Africa in the sam latitudes. He then speaks of his intention to revisit Britain, but with the firm re solve to return to South Africa and. prosecute his sacred mission, cud concludes in these words :—" I feel thankful to God who has preserved my life, while so many who could have done more good have been cut off. But I am not so elated as might have been expected, for the end of the geographical feet is but the beginnirg of the mission ary enterprise. Geographers Labouring to make mea bet ter acquainted with one another, soldiers fighting against oppression, and sailors rescuing captives in deadly climes, are all, as well as Missionaries, aiding iu hastening a gleri ous consummatii n of Gods dealings to man. In the hope that I may yet be permitted to do some good to this poor, long trodden-down Africa, the gentlemen over whom you have the honour to preside will; I doubt not, cordially join. In conclusion, Sir Roderick directed special atten tion to the very great merits of Dr. Livingstone, who had 11 been honoured with the gold medal of the Royal Geogra phical Society for having previously traversed Africa from . . Z.mobesi to the Portiuese city of St. Paul de Laonde, and having adverted to the remarkable and extensive tra• veils of Dr. Barth, in Central Africa, who had justlyre ceived a similar honour, as well as to the prospects of a great exploration up the Niger, and to the lofty mountains and large body of water to the west of Zanzibar, on the east coast, he congratulated the assembly, which was very numerous, on the hope, we might now rationally entertain, of seeing civilisation extended to many tribes of Africa in which Europeans might live in health. SECTION F.-ECONOMIC SCIE CE AND STATISTICS. Mr. E.. 11. Walsh, LL.B., late Whately Professor of Political Economy in the University of Dublin, also read a paper an " Observations on the present export of silver to the East." Mr. Walsh commenced by stating that so far back as the time when Pliny termed it the sink of the precious metals silver was a favourite article of export to the East. It has continued so since, but the trade of late has assumed an extraordinary magnitude. In the five years prior to the present over 22,000,000/. worth of silver have been exported to the East through England alone, and from other countries a similar movement, has been ire operation. The export in 1855 was 6,400,000/., and this year it is proceeding at the rate of over 9,0,0,000/. per annum, judging from the returns that have been published for the first four months. Unlike the old movement, the present cannot be permanent. The former was seldom more than might be accounted for as the distribution of silver to some of its chief consumers— the nations of the Ealt—according as new supplies were raised elsewhere. It was, in fact, the ordinary movement from the producer to the consumer. But now silver goes faster to the East than it is pryduced throughout tho work). Hence the process cannot be permanent, but must como•to an end as soon as the distribution of,the old stock has been effected; for the annual production of silver is only aloat 8,003,C00/.; and since the export to the East through England alone is at the rate of over 9,000,0001., it follows that it cannot be the new supp!ies of silver which meet that demand and all others for the same metal, but that there must be some aumiliary fund to be drawn open. Such a fund is furnished by a cessation in the demand for silver in several countries which before employed it most 1 trgely, but now use gold instead. In a paper brought be. fox e this association at Glasgow last September I had occa sion to notice that silver, which used to be coined in France and the United States at an average rate of 4,000,0001. per annum, is now little employed, while much of the old coin of that metal is melted down and exported. In France, it i 3 said that in one year, 1853, so much as 12,000,0001. were disposed of in this manner, and that the operation has still been proceeding at a still greater rate. All this acts in the same way as if a silver California had been dis covered. No one thinks it extraordinary that gold is ex ported on a large scale from the auriferous regions to the various nations which use that metal ; but it is quite as natural to suppose that when large supplies of silver are thrown upon the market (it matters not whether newly extracted from the earth, or just taken from the melting pot), they would find their way to those places where silver is generally employed. But India, China, and other Eastern nations come under this description, and hence the late extraordinary exportation. As this cause is a novel one; there is an inclination on the part of some who call themselves practical men to adopt any other rather than it. Experience gives no instance of any such, and hence those who look to their personal experience alone are com pletely at fault when discussing this question. Some talk of the balance of trade; others of an increased importation of tea and silk from China; and a third set of investigators enunciate details of the machinery of the foreign exchanges by which the transmission is effected. But such persons forget that the export of silver is just as likely in the ab- Faract to be the cause as the effect of the "balance," or " increased importation," in which they dogmatically assume it originated ; and that, as for the details of the foreign exchanges, they merely tell us how and not why the export takes place. Yet all this while the question pre- s )I:ts no difficulty a hatsoever, when two facts are noticed in juxta-position,--:one, the grea - t cessation in the demand for silver in countries which employed a double standard ; the other, the circumstance that the Eastern nations habitually use silver on a large scale, especially in their currency. After that there is nothing to be said to complete the ex planation, except to call to mind that when the supply of any article is unusually great compared with the number of c insumers, it must find its way to these latter in quantities proportionally augmented ; and that such is the case at present with the article silver, the principal consumers of which are the nations of the East. SECTION G.—MECHANICAL SCIENCE. At the meeting this morning Mr. W. Clay read a paper " On the manufacture of the large wrought iron gun made at the Mersey Ironworks, Liverpool, and on other large must aof wrought iron." Mr. Clay commenced by express ing his regret that the circulars ordered to be sent last yt ar to engineers, ironmasters, and manufacturers, by the committee appointed to institute an inquiry into the beat means of ascertaining those properties of metals, and effects of various modes of treating them, which were of import ance to the efficiency and durability of artillery, were not made more general and public. He was only made aware that day, on looking over the report of the British Associa tion for the past • year, that such a committee had been formed, and that they had received opinions from some of the most eminent engineers of the present day, which opi nions, with one exception, did not coincide with what he was about to record. The first consideration necessary , for the manufacture of wrought iron was todecide the descrip tion of iron of which the gun was to be made, and he se lected for his experiment a strong clear iron, puddled from the strongest pigs he could obtain, taking care that the iron should be worked as little as possible before it came to be put into the gun. A core was first prepared the full length of the gun, and a certain diameter. This core was intended to be bored out. A series of bars were then packed round the core, and again heated and forged to the proper shape ; another series of bars were packed then, and heated and worked perfectly sound ; still another and larger se ries of bars were required, placed longitudinally, and even these were far from the size required. The forging, al though larger than any ever previously made, required to be augmented in its diameter at the breach by 12 inches, which was accomplished by two layprs of iron placed in filch 'a manner as to resemble hoops. This being all welded round, the forging of the gun was accomplished. The boring was effected in an ordinary powerful lathe, the first bore being 11 inches in diameter, consisting of a drill of seven inches and a face cutter of two inches. The second cut three-quarters of an inch on each side, making the bore inches ; and the third, or finishing cut, a quarter of an inch, completed the bore. He might remark that the boring was not a work of very great expense or labour; o the contrary, the process went on so rapidly that he was unable to prepare the fresh boring heads (last enough. The trunnion hoops were made in separate rings, and were shi unk upon the body of the metal. Having described the manufacture of the gun Mr. Clay read the report of its trials at North Shore, near Liverpool, by Capt. Vaudeleur, Guunery Inspector of the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich ; and afterwards proceeded to lay before the section the result of his experiments with regard to the crystallisation of large masses of iron by long-continued beating, and maintained that, however iron may be crystallised by exposure to heat, or carelessly burnt, which was the same thing, its fibre might be restored by working either under the hammer or in the rolls. He was also of opinion that another reason why large forgings fail was the uneven con traction of the heated iron. LUNAR MOTION. At the meeting of the mathematical section (A) of the British Association at Cheltenham, on August 9, Mr. SYmoNa read a paper on lunar motion, of which this is an abstract :—No mathematicians ever misunderstood the motion of the moon, which had been just correctly and lucidly explained by Professor Whewell ; nor were they likely to be misled by the modern astronomical use of the term " rotation" as applied to it, or to fancy that any point in the moon's circumference turned more than SGO degrees in making her orbital revolution. But it was far other wise with the bulk of the people, who, being told in all astronomical books that the moon rotated once on her own axis, in addition to her revolution once in her orbit, could derive no other impression than that she spun round like a pegtop, which, together with her turning round in her orbit, would cause her to make two entire re volutions, turning different faces successively to the earth ; whereas, in order to keep the same face towards it, it was necessary that she should so turn as if she were rigidly at tached to the centre of her orbit. He wished so to define it. He was . glad that Prof. Whewell had distinctly statedthat her movement might be thus correctly described; though he differed from him in preferring the mathematical mode of describing it, as one of "rotation." Some astronomers, such as Woodhouse, Vince, and others, had added, thatthe fact that the moon rotated on her axis in the same time as she revolved in heror bit was "an extraordinary coincidence." This synehronic movement was, on the contrary, it physical necessity ; and he was inclined to think that by using such an expression the old astronomers really mistook moon's movement, mild that modern ones had ill ative) ten tly copied these descriptions, knowing batter, just as Newton had calculated-the height of tides in lunar seas, of which mod em as t ronomers d en i e d th e ex i s t ence. Mr:Symons showed the three different modes in which the moon, or any sphere s might turn round a distant centre, by means of a simple instrument, by which he first gave the motion popularly understood by astronomical descrip tions of one orbital rcvo'uVon, plus one axial rotation, whereby a point of the moon's circumference would point twice round space ; secondly, that by which she preserves her parallelism, pointing always one way in space • and, thirdly, her simple mo ti on o f revo l u ti on . Th e two former were both produced by wheels turning on their own axis ; the second having a retrograde motion, neutralising the direct revolution of the disc on which it was carried round; the third or lunar motion was alone produce i without any wheel or axis, the ball being fixed firmly to the revolving disc ; the latter alone presented the same face to the cen t .e of orbit, turning the opposite face successively once round space. It had been attempted to show the separate rotation of the moon round her axis by librations, which Mr. Symons contended could at the utmost prove ro tation only to the exact extent of the minute zone disclosed by the Monition, which in some degree, be submitted, might be accounted for by the change in the angle of pa rallax caused by her varying distances from the earth in her elliptical orbit. He ridiculed the attempt to show the previous motion of a body ceasing to revolve in space by sticking a spindle. through a ball fixed to a revolving rod, clearly changing the resultant of the forces- by the mecha nical axis, au •i giving scope to the tang ential momentum without any counteracting ce nt r ipet a l force. Mr. Symons then reverted to the misimpression and confusion wising from the mathematical application of the term rotation to this lunar kind of revolution. He laid especial stress on the tendency it would have to increase the ambiguity and want of precis'on in the terminology of practical mechanics. A. learned judge, in a recent action on a patent, had com plained that there were not more and exacter definitions of different kinds of motion; and, were the mathematical defi nition of rotation to be generally introd need, it would greatly increase the ambiguity of patentt, and litigation there from. It was, he affirmed, a modern change in the ordi nary definition, which was formerly confined to revolving bodies, in which"any points formed concentric rings round a centre within them. No point in the moon did this ; all points in her (her own centre or nods included) forming coucentric rings round the distant centre of her orbit. This was a distinct species of revolution, whether considered goutnetiiCally, dynamically, or mathematically ; and it re quired a oistinct name. lie cited these passages from Bar law's Iklathe loath:al Dictionary, to establish this as the old definition of rJta.,io i : " Rotation —The mot i in of the different parts of a solid body about an axis, called the axis of rotation, being thus distingaished from the progressive motion of a body about &Me distant point or centre ; thus the diurnal motion of the earth is a motion of rotation, but its annual motion one of revolution. . . When a solid body turns round an axis, ret a i n i ng its shape and dimensions unaltered, every part cle is actually describing a circle round this axis, which axis passes through the centre of the circle and is perpendicular to its plane." De Poiusot's definition, now adopted byastronomers, natide any motion one of rotation, in which a section of the re. A erirrospondent, writing to tho Cologne Gazette from Neidenburg, under date of the 6th inst., warns Polish exiles that most of them have not rightly understood the amnesty lately decreed by Alexander IL Each case is decided upon in Poland after the emigrant's return, bpp until the decision has been formed he himself is provi sionally detained in prison. volving body does not preserve its parallelism during its revolution, whether round its own axis or round a distant round. Professor Wbewell was of opinion that this was more convenient, as otherwise the moon's relation to the earth might be deemed " casual and arbitrary," which Mr. Symons denied ; he also controverted the relevancy to this argumen tof any reference such as the Professor had in troduced to the moon's undulating orbit round the sun ; her rotation or non-rotation had no reference to spice, and could be properly determined by her own internal motion and that of her different parts in relation to each other and to the centre of her orbit, nor could any am biguity arise in so doing, or in restricting the use of the term rotation to its original meaning, which would simplify the great truths of astronomy, dis tinguishing different motions, and render them in telligible to the whole people, especially in books for popular instruction. This was his sole object in moot ing the question. He felt he had been unfairly attacked for so doing, and, though he had been far from seeking to provoke controversy, he had been compelled to put his back to the wall and fight it out. The section was numerously attended, and it was evident that Mr. Symons, who was frequently interrupted by a few gentlemen on the platform, had the astronomers against and the audience with him. PRICES OM SHARES. BANKS, ASSURANCE, AND OTHER COM PANIES' STOCK. From the Official List. PUBLISHED EVERY TUESDAY AND FRIDAY EVENING LONDON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 12, 1856. GASLIGHT AND COKE COMPANIES. Dividend Amount Name of Company. per of Paid. Price. Annum. Share. ._._- X s. d. £ s. d. British •••••••• •• •• •• - - - ! - Ditto Provincial.... 11. 20 0 0 20 0 0 - Brighton ••••..• • • • .• 5/. 20 0 0 20 0 0 15 City of London .. •• • • 41. Os. 100 0 0 150 0 0 - Continental (4th Cap.) . - 50 0 0 20 0 0 - Equitable .• • ........ 2/. 10s. 50 0 0 all 35 Great Central ....... 8/ per cent. 10 0 0 all 124 Imperial ............ 101.8 c bonus. 50 0 0 all 90 Independent ....... • • 51. 40 0 0 - Pt L0nd0u.............. _ 30 0 0 - 9 t Do., Pail. Preference 6/. per cent.) 25 0 0 Of 25 Pacenix ............. 41. per cent. 160 0 0 52 0 0 - Ratcliff ..... ....... 51. 100 0 0 16 0 0 16 United General .• •• •• 21. 10s. 50 0 0 all 20 Westminster Chartered 41 per cent. 50 0 0 53 Ditto, New ...... ••- 50 0 0 10 ' 4 0 10% WATER-WORKS. Dividend Amount Name of Company. per of Paid. Price Annum. Share. £ s. d. X a. d. East London Grand Junction ~ 4C per cnt. 50 0 0 all 78 Kent.- - .....; - 80% Lambeth .. - 100 0 0 - 95 New River Company - 21. 10s. - - - Southwark & Vauxhall 51. per cnt. 100 0 0 - - West Middlesex ••• • .. 5/. per cent. 161 0 0 - 100 BRIDGES. Dividend Amount Name of Company. per of Paid. Price. Annum. Share. £ s. d. £ it. d. Eltingerford - - - -7% Southwark ...... •• • • - 1130 0 0 - - Ditto New of 7% p.c. U. per cent. I 50 0 0 - _ Waterloo ..... .... •• .• - 100 0 0 - - Ditto Old Ann. of 81. 11. 14s. Bd. 60 0 0 - - Ditto Nw ditto of 71. 1/. 10s. 4d. 40 0 0 - 26% Vauxhall .... -••• • • • 965. 70 10 3 - 21 DOCKS• Dividend Amount Name of Company. per of Paid. Price. Annum. Share. _ -- - X s. d. i £ s. d. Commercial ...• .....• 51. pr cent. Stock. Stock. - East and West India.. 61. pr cent. Stock. - - East C - ,nitry • • • 2os. per sh. -- - - London ..... • - 104 Ditto Bonds .• • • - - - St. Katharine , 4 per cent. Stock. - - 'outhampton .........31. Os per c. 50 0 0 5O 0 0 49 Victoria - JOINT-STOCK BANKS. Dividend Amount • Name of Company. per of Paid. Price. Annum. Share. ' - £ a. d. 4 s. d. • lustralasia 2Ol. per cent. 40 0 0 all 103 British North American Si. per cent. 50 0 0 „ - Commercial of London. 101. per cent. )100 0 0 20 0 0 31 • Colonial lonian 6/. per cent. 25 0 0 25 0 0 - ' Lond. Char. Bk. of Aus - 20 0 0 all 0 21% ' London and County Londn and Westminstr ,141. percent. 100 0 0 20 0 0 48% ) London Joint-Stock . Provincial of Ireland ) 81. per cent. 100 0 0 25 0 0 56 Ditto, New. ••.. • Bl.per cent, 10 0 0 all - ' National of Ireland 6i. per cent, 50 0 0 22 10 0 - C Nat. Provincial of Eng Bl. per cent. 100 0 0 35 0 0 - Ditto. New .. •• - ) Oriental Bank Corpora 'Bl. p. ct.tcbs. 25 0 0 all 41 • South Australia .. - Union of Australia '3ol. per cent. 25 0 0 68 Ditto - 2ro 0 - Union of London 2O". per tent. 50 0 0 10 0 0 28% ' Union of Madrid ... • • I - 40 0 0 all - CANALS. , 1 Names of 1 ~i 4 Dividend Price. Names of ..1 . Dividend e per Companies. A , per e ' Companies. 1 Annum. Price, ce ,Annum. Co I XI Ashtn &Oldh; 93 71. p. ct. 145 Macclesfield. 100 21. 10s. 51 Barnsicw •• •• 160 1 Neath •• •• • • 100 161. BrknkeeAbrg 150 1 4/, i Oxford.. •• • • 100' 103 Birmingham ; 40' 4/. I 93% Peak Forest. 78i 51. Os. 76 Coventry....lloo 257. , Regent's.... 30, 11 16 Derby • .... 100 6/. 15s. I 84 Rochdale.... 85' 11. 10s. 76 Ellsinre&Chs 69 .214 p. et.; Somrset Coal 1 40 GrandJunctn 100 3?, pr. ct.i 43 Do. Lk FdSt 12 Do., 6 pr.Ct.l 10 61. pr. et.l 11% Stflrd &Wore 14 0 281. 420 Grand surrey l 100 -4/. Sbrewsbary.. 125 Grand Union, 100 1/.os. Stourbridge.„ 145 121. 290 Kennt Sr- Avn 39 6s. Od. 6 Vfievern and 1 2/. Lancaster .. 100. --Wye Raj 26 Leeds SDLivrp, 100 251. 483 3 4 Warwick &1 21. 25 Leicester .... 'lOO 51. 49% Birming. j 100 Leicstr &Nth 83 Warwick & / 21. 10 Lougithorogh 142 701. 550 Napton..l 100 Monmouthsh l loo Worcstr 81 78 21. 20 lintgrnerysk 100 Birming. MeltnMwbry 100 Wilts & Brks —10 s. Od. -4 INSURANCE COMPANIES. Dividend Amount Name of Company. per of Paid. Price. Annum. Share. 1 £ s. d. £ a. d. Albion .... • • ........ 31. 10s. '5OO 0 0 50 0 0 86 ` Alliance Brit. and For. 71. 14s. 6d.bs. 100 0 0 11 0 0 17% Ditto Marine ....... 61. p.c.& bs. 100 0 0 25 0 0 42 Anchor .............. 6 per cent. 5 0 1 1 0 0 - Atlas . .argus Life ......... • • 41. per cent. 100 0 0 25 0 0 23 British Commercial - 71. 10s. 50 0 0 5 0 0 - ClericLeled.& Gen• Life spr ct. & bs. 100 0 0 10 0 0 - County .....„ „ ...„ .. 4/. 100 0 0 10 0 0 - Crown .........• ...• 17s. Od 50 0 0 5 0 0 - Eagle . Equity and Law...... 4% per cent. 100 0 0 50 0 5% European Life l/. 20 0 0 all 18% General-- - ..... Globe •••• • - - 51. per cent. Stock. ~ 104 Guardian ........ ~ ~ 51. p er cen t. 100 0 0 4 7 5 0 56 Imperial Fire........ 12/. per cent. 500 0 0 50 0 0 -- Imperial Life - Indemnity Marine.... 11.3 s & 3/. 100 0 0 20 0 0 - Law Fire ............ 2s. & 2s. bs. 100 0 0 210 0 3% Law Lite............. - 100 0 s' 10 0 0 61 Legal and General Life - 50 00 i 2 0 0 5% London London Ship.... - Marine............... 118 s .per share 100 0 0 28 0 0 57% Med. ['wild & Gen. Life 14% /. per ct. 50 0 0 2 0 0 3% Vfinerva - sp. ct. & bs. 20 0 0 2 0 0 - Monarch -- •• ...... - 5 0 0 1 0 0 li. National Loan Fund.. 51. per cent. 20 0 0 210 0 - Palladium Life..." 5l. per cent. 50 0 0 210 0 3% Pelican ~....•-• - .• - - - 50 Phoenix - - - 180 Professional Life...... 51. per cent. 5 0 010 0 Provident Life........ 11. 55. & bs. 100 0 0 10 0 0 3834 Rock Life ...........• 7s. 5 3 0 010 0 8% [ Royal Exchange ...... 101. per cent. Stock. all 275 Sun Fire •• •• •• 6/. 10s. - JP -- bitto Life ..... 1/. 143. - ~, _ United Kingdom .... 4/.p.ct.&bs. 20 0 0 40 0 5 Universal Life ••• ..... W. per cent. 100 0 0 10 0 0 40 Victoria Life ........ 51. per cent. - 412 6 5% LIST OF SCOTTISH. COMPANIES' PRICES. Dividend Amonnt Name of Company. per of Paid. Price. Annum. Share. 4 a. d. .2 s. d. Rank of Scotland .• • • 71. per cent. 100 C 0 100 0 0 2COTOs British Linen Company 81, per cent. 100 0 0 100 0 0 230/08 Caledonian Bank ..... El. per cent. 10 0 0 210 04/ 3s City of Glasgow Bank 5/. per cent. 10 0 0 10 0 0 121 'Os Clydesdale Bank •• •.: 5541. p cent., 20 0 0 10 0 0 13! 11s C minercial Bank •• IL per cent. 500 0 0 100 0 0 234/0s Eastern 8ank........ 61. per cent. 25 0 0 10 0 0 122 5s Edinb. & Glasgow• •• • 3%1. p cent. 5 0 0 5 0 051 Os Exchange Bnle of Scot.. - --_ -- National Bank •• •• • • 65% Per cent. 100 0 0 i 0 0 0 1871 Os Northof Scotland Bank 51. percent 20 0 0 , 210 0 5/ Os Royal Bank of Scotl. .. 51. per cent. 100 0 0 100 0 0 1461 0 Union Bank of Scot. .. 8/. per cent. 100 0 0 50 0 0 101/15 Western Bank •• • . .... 7/. per cent. 50 0 0 50 0 0 43 /Os Alliance Fire and Ll'e.. 854 Lpr cent. 100 0 0 11 0 0 16/153 British Guarantee ... 41. per cent. 10 0 0 2 0 0 II 14s Caledonian Fire Instil.. 10, per cent. 100 0 0 10 0 0 251 Os City of kliasgow Lite - 6/. per cent. 0 0 2 0 0 11 8s Co ontal Ilfe ..• ...... 5/. per cent. 50 0 0 1 0 05/ 58 Edinburzil Life Insur. 61. eer cent. 100 0 0 15 0 0 29/ 3s Eng. & Scot, La,l Life 51.1 , er cent. 50 0 0 3 5 0' I/ 8s Life Assoc. o .3eot. , and 6/.por cent. 10 0 0 110 06/ 102 National Fire and Life 6/. per cent. 10 0 0 1 0 0 '2l is North British tnsar... 71. per cent. 200 0 0 20 0 0 36110 s Scottish Union Insruc. Nl. preent. 20 0 0 1 0 01/ 16s St an dard Life •• •• •• •• 5/. per cent. 50 0 0 7 0 0 201 Os United Dep Assurance Si. ner rent. 10 0 0 1 0 0 - MISCELLANEOUS. Dividend • Amount ' Name of CompaieY• per of Paid. p r i ce . Annum, Share. -.-_---- - ---- ---- ____ £ a. d. £ s. cl. Assam "f f ca .••••• •••• 51. 50 0 0 20 0 0 _ Aactien Mart........ 2 1 ,‘ per cent. 50 0 0 - A us tralian 3, , riculturl 1 /. Is. 100 0 0 17 10 0 26 Australian Trust .• .. Si. pet cent - 25 0 0 - ekustradan Royal Mail 5/. 10 0 0 all 2% Anglo-Mexican Mint.. it. 10s. 10 0 0 all British AM.:I:IC.In Laud 15s. -- 40 0 0 - - Canada ... •••••• • • •• 61. percent. 100 0 0 32 10 0 127% Do. 5 per cent Bonds 5/. per cent. - - - Ditto, 6 per cent. - 61. per cent. - - 1145 City Nt‘cigation Bon d s - - I- E l ec tric Telegraph .. 6 per cent. 25 0 0 24 0 0 9 - 7 Ditto ,• •• •••••• • • - ___ - - Equitable Reversioury 71 pr. cent. 100 0 0 100 0 0 - Dittc New .. •• •..• - 50 0 0,17 10 0 - Gen. Revers. & Invest. sp.c. & bs, 100 0 0 ,100 0 0 - Gen.SteamNavigation 10 p. ct. 15 00 1 14 0 0 28 Hudson's 8ay........ - Stock. ' - Elangectbrd .... „•• •• 2/. ss. 100 0 0 1 1 00 0 0 -- London Institution • - - London Reversionary slper cent. 15 7) 0 1 - all - - Russell tnititution•-• - - : 12 10 0 Pale's Patent (land. Co 10/. percent 20 0 0 , 17 10 Reversionary Int. Soc. 4%/. pr C e n t . 10 0 0 0 :100 0 25% Royal Mail Steam.... ii • P. share. 100 0 0 60 0 0 -- South Australian Land 6/. per cent, 25 0 0 all - Trust and Loan Comp. Upp3r Canada .... - 120 0 0 5 0 - Country Markets. EDINBURGH MEAL MARKET—AUG. 12. There were in the market to-day 12 Backe oatmeal, each weighing 280 lbs imperial, which sold at 495. 61 EDINBTJhUH HAY AND STRAW MARKET AUG. 12. Supplies of all kinds these last six days large. Oat straw, from 9s 6d to 14s Od per kemple of 16 stones trot); wheat do., Os Od to 12s 6d; barley do., 109 Od. t lls Od. Hay from is to 15d. DALKEITH MEAL MARKET-AuG. 4 There were in the market to - bag barleymeal. Sales dul -cle.y 11 bags of oatmeal and 11. Oatmeal, per sack of 2801bs I First. I Second. I Third. imperial - Barleymeal, per ditto -s Od }—s Oil Peasemeal, per ditto Flour, per ditto —s Od —s Oki Pot-barley, per ditto DUBLIN, AuQ. 12. We had an extremely depressed market to-day. Th• prices of Friday were generally maintained for wheat and for the best samples of oats, but inferior qualities of the latter were 6,1 cheaper. Several samples of new oats, bere, and rapeseed appeared, the quality and condition good. The oats were taken at 13s to 16s, here at 18s to 19s, and rapeseed at 303 to 345. Indian corn only saleable in mere retail at about last day's rates. White wheat, 403 Od to 42s ; red ditto, 36s Od to 39s Od ; barley, —s Od to —s Od ; oats, 14s 61 to 16s 61; rapese( 30s Od to 34s 01 per brl ; oatmeal, 14s Gd to 16s 01 ; bakers dour. 23s Od to 27s Od per cwt ; Indian corn, 28s 61 to 30., 6d per4Bo 1134 COAL MARKET Prices 0 Coal per ton g C.—AUGUST 13. the close of the ntarket. 8. d. Tanfield Moor Butes 14 6 Elolywell l7 6 Walker Primrose l4 0 Hetton West Hartley l7 0 Byass's West Hartley l9 6 Wallsend, Sze. Whitworth l6 9 Riddell l6 9 Lambton lB 6 Russell's Raton 18 3 Plummer Woodhouse Close 16 6 Birchgrovo Graigola 22 6 Ships at market... 5 Wallsend, &c. 11. rlosforth . 16 9 Tees l9 0 Hartlepool lB 9 Eden Main l7 9 Bell's Primroso l4 0 Hetton Lyons Main II 6 South Hartlepool lB 0 Haswell 19 0 South Hetton 18 9 Kelloe 18 0 Thorp l7 9 Kepier Grainy) .lB 6 i 7 I Sold LOCAL SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, AUGUST 13. STOOK EXCHANGE.—This market was quiet to-day, few transactions, and prices were at rather lower rates. Lancashire and Yorkshire, 97i London and North Westerns, 1078—Lancashire and Carlisle, i•sbares, p. 6t —Ditto, i-shares , new, p. 6i—South Eastern, 221 Great estern of Canada, 25—Ditto, now, p. 21. 13s. 9d. MANCHESTER, AUGUST 13. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The market was not doing much business to-day, but prices were well supported. North Staffords, 4 11.16 d. x d.—Leeds, 974—Londons, 1074 Sheffields, 34 4—Midlands, 834—North British, 9i South Eastern and Dovers, 224—Preston and Wyre y 47. BIRMINGHAM, AUGUST 13. STOOK EXCHANGE.—The market to-day has not been brisk, and prices were flat. The following are the trans actions :—Manchester and Sheffields, 314—North Staf fords, 44, dis.—Crystal Palace Shares, 2k—New Union Mills, 3.6.3.—01 d Birmingham Canals, 92 SEABORNE MAILS. (N signifies that the mails are sent from the General Post•ofilse 4y the night—and M by the morning--elespateh.) Jay when made , 1 From what . W r 001INTRIZR. in General Poe. Puri due .. Office, London.* Dispatch. . E, - rd. • — --.... .cvery Friday .. Liverpool ... Weektfe i America. Amor: ( ( b b Y y l ' U r i n t i P t United k i packet) .... ••• • • . Every Tuesday .. Southampton Weekly America (by IT. Stator . ..... .. Liverpool ... &l he 4th and 19th .... Liverpool .. Twice ICC pall - packet) (via .. ii;e l ; : . Ditto (vla Marseilles) 1 , ............ Dover ...... :. _ , Ditto (via Cape of Gooc Hope) ............N •••• ••• llncertaisi isd of tho montt .. Plymouth .. 6th of mo. 10th & 26th of n o. Dover ...... 2d Ic 19* L Af e ri x t( d l ri Ve a s . t . C .. o . as . . t . ) .... 1. 1 , Alexandria .. .... .. .. hi till &20U' of mot,. tiouthamp• rt 4& 21 coins Bahamas ........... V 17th of the month Southampton 16th Belgium ~..........1 , )ai1y.......... Dover ...... Dei y Brasil .• ............ V 9th of the mouth.. Seuthempt 0, itth. Buenos Ayres .• •• ....M 9 th o f t he montt .. *Pah arro.t , , Nth Cape of Good Hope ..N Uncertain Cape of Good Hope ...IS Case de Verde ....../, 'Oh , C.' • ',^n,l, Southamptot 16th of m 0 Ceylon (see India) 10th and 26th IS & 19th Ceylon ..............1` 4th and 20th Channel Isles ........1 , •tok., ,• eu.,a,r ria Southamp or, Tu.Th.t'at. Chi 11................ V Id &17th of moot! , 6outhamp of 1 and 16 China .... .. 4th and 10th Constantinople ...... N , Oth and 26th Dover •• • • 2 and 19 Constantinople ........ 4th Fic2ot4 of rn; D Southampton 7 and 2s Coot. of Europe 14 & N Twice daily .„ Egypt (see India) France ..•• .... M& N Twice daily..... Dover ...... Twicedaily Gibraltar ..........M 1,7,17,20,27 •fm So u th e mp• or 6,7, 24,2.. Greece (see India) 3reytown ..........111 i 2nd & 17th of num. floutharnpr‘ r 1 and 16 Hamburgh ..........N 'Daily .. 'London .... Daily Havannah .......... Ai and of the molith i Southamp , ,-11 st nil mo Holland .. r.......,.11 Dail , — ~.. Honduras ..........N 17tn of the month Southampton, 16th India (viaSouthampt.)ll,l 4th ~ z 20th of mon Plymouth .. 4 and 21 nI India (via Marseilles)lo lOth& 26th of moth Dover ...... 15 &. 29 m lonian Isles (see India) .........D0ver...... Ireland ........M & N Twice daily Lisbon ..............It 2d of - 0.. Madeira ............141 Ott, of ,nont h Southampt or, 6 and 16 Madeira .... .... ... . • N 431 of month Malta (see India) Malta ............ .../i 4, 10, 20, and 21 amnmdo.o2it3 4 6. , , D so o n v t e h r a mm:: , 4. IS, 21,2 1: Mauritius (sae India) Mauritius ........... i t 2 20 n c, a h o o f f t t h h e e Mexico . Naples ...... .... • • • •1*; Daily•• • • •• • • • • • • .Dover ...... New Granada ......lit 2d :lc ;7th of month'Sr_Nuthampto, Ist and 161 New Zealand.. ~...... Twice a month .. Various port Papal States .......N Dai1y............ Dover ...... 4 weekly Peninsula .• •• •• • • .. Ai goutbamptor Peru ..............M Id & 27th of mon. Southampt, r Ist & 16th IVarious ports Port Natal ..........1C By private ship... Sicily ~............N Every Saturday.. Dover ...... Weekly: Tuscany ............11 Dai1y......., ..., D over ... Venozuelv .........34 2d& 17th ofrnontb Aoutharapior 1 a 16 MCM Van Diemen'sL.nd (sec rf't Australia) ...... ~.. 4th of m0n..... ,.. 'monthly Wost Indies .... •,,, •. P' . litti. itit.,,i , lgonthamotonll and 16 ; monthly I)I and 16 jSonthampton [AnveansumENT.l—Mothers and Nurses will find Du Barry's delicious Revalenta Arabica Food admirably adapted te remove all disorders •f stomach and bowels to which in fauts and children are at all times liable, such as indigestion, flatulency, colic, dysentery, diarrhoea, constipation, debility, and restlessness. It strengthens, nourishes, and is used with more advantage than milk in rearing infants. We quote a few testimonials :- No. 58,034, Grammar School, Stevenage, Dec. 16, 1850. " Gentlemen,—We have found it admirably adapted for infants. Our baby has never once bad disordered bowels since taking it.—R. Ambler." Amsterdam, 31st Dec., 1852. Dear Sir,—Our child, up to the age of eleven weeks, was very delicate and wasting away, and milk, sago, and arrowroot turned sour on its stomach, causing great suffer ing. We then fed it upon Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica, which agreed wonderfully with her ; and she is now, at the age of nine months, a plump and lively little girl.—Daniel Servas. Wildervank, Holland, Sept. 20, 1853. Dear Sir, — Our baby, which Heaven presented us with ten months back, was attacked, when four weeks old, with a disease of the stomach and glands, by which our seven previous infants had all been carried off, and this last child seemed destined to follow its sisters and brothers before many days, for our doctor, a very able practitioner, had, during three weeks, ex. hausted all his skill, and was at a loss what to prescribe next, when he advised Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica, which, I am happy to say, worked a great change for the bettor in a few days ; and, in six weeks' time, the child was perfectly well, and is now a cheerful, blooming boy—a source of the greatest happiness to us all. This delicious remedy may fairly be considered one of the greatest blessings ever disco. vered.—With eternal gratitude, yours, &c., L. H. Vaalman. Supported by testimonials from the celebrated Professors of Chemistry Dr. Andrew Ure ; Dr. Shorland ; Dr. Harvey ; Dr. Campbell ; Dr. Gattiker ; Dr. Wurzer ; Dr. Ingram ; Lord Stuart de Decies ; the Dowager Countess of Castle- stuart ; Major-Gen. Thomas King, and many other respectable persons, whose health has been restored by it, after all other means of cure had failed. Suitably packed for all climates, with full instructions. In canisters, 51bs., lls. ; 121b5., 225.; super-refined, 11b., Cs. ; 21bs., lie. ; 51bs., 225. ; 101bs., 335. Tho 101bs. and 121bs. carriage free, on receipt of post-office order. Barry du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, London ; Fortnum, Mason, and Co., Purveyors to her Majesty, Picea• dilly ; also at 60, Gracechnrch-street ; 33J and 451, Strand ; 4, Cheapside : 68, Cornhill ; 49, Bishopsgate-street ; 55, Char. lug-cross; 54, Upper Baker-street; 03 and 157, Oxford. street. BIRTHS. OF A SON. On the 11th inst., at Abington Rectory, the wife of the Rev. F. Thursby. On the 12th inst., at 10, Clarendon -terrace, Notting-hill, the wife of Rudolph Bothner, Esq. OP A DAUGHTER. On the 13th inst., at Oxford-terrace, Hyde-park, Mrs. W. J. Jarvis. On the 12th inst., at 43, Cheyne-walk, Chelsea, the wife of Henry Bartlett, Esq., Assistant-Comrnissary- General. MARRIED. On the 12th inst., at Mortlake parish church, William Wynyard, Esq., of the Bengal C.S., eldest son of Lieut.- General Wynyard, C. 8., Colonel of the 58th Regiment, to Henrietta Ellen, eldest daughter of Sir Henry Willock, K.L.S., of Castelnau House, Mortlake. On the 12th inst., at cookham, Berkshire, Henry C. Ibbetson, Esq., of Chester-terrace, Regent's-park, to Maria, youngest daughter of the late F. Pratt Barlow, Esq., of Kensington, Middlesex. DI ED. On the 12th inst., Mrs. Weston Parry, aged 31. On the 111• h inst., at Gaddeeby Hall, Leicestershirs, Miss Ayre, aged 72. On the 11th inst., at Boulogne•sur-mar, Arthur Eisler Fisher Tompson, Esq., aged 38. On the 12th inst., at the Spa, Gloucester, James Robert Wemyss, second son of the late Major Francis Wemyss, aged 42. On the 9th inst., Henry Deacon, Esq., of Portsmouth, aged 61. On the sth inst., at Violet Cottage, Bothwell, James Johnston, Esq., engineer, a native of Falkirk, N .8., and late of the Colpino Ir on Wor ks , Russia. On the outbreak of the recent war he was offered the chief engineership of the navy and works at Cronetadt, by the late Emperor Nicholas, but, with the spirit of a true patriot, he rejected the lucrative office rather than appear in opposition to the interests of his native country. LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, hinter, at The Sun Office, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the minty of Middlesex, Thursday, August 11, 1856. oa Od 03 Od i