The Sun. — London, England, 1861-05-28 00:00:00

LIOREW AR D.-WHEREAS , TWO HORSES, belonging to the Ist Middlesex Volunteer Cavalry, were STABBED at the Review in Regent's -park on Monday . last, TEN POUNDS REWARD will be paid to any one f.riving such information as may lead to the conviction of the offender or offenders. G. A. MALLOCK. Information may be given at the Police Station, Albany street, Regent's-park. RESTAURANT and CAFE DE L'EUROPE, g and 10, 11 AYMARKET, adjoining the Theatre. - - _ Joints in su^cession, from four o'clock 2s. Od. Soup and'Joint 2s. rd. Severn Salmon, or other Fish and Joint The Cafe Dinner of Soup, Fish En.ree, and Sweets 3s. rd. On the Derby and Oaks Days a Haunch of Venison at 7 O'clock. Suppers after the Theatres. THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL FETES - 3 -- at the NEW GARDEN, SOUTH KENSINGTON, W. The GRAND FLOWER and FRUIT SHOW, on JUNE 5. Admission JUNE 6 The GRAND ROSE SHOW, JULY 10 ss. Od. _ _ The GRAND DAHLIA SHOW, SEPTEMBER 11 2s. 6d. The GRAND FRUIT and CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW, NOVEMBER 6 2s. ed. NOVEMBER 7 is. Od. Fellows, Ivory Tickets, and persons registered under the Debenture Agreement, Free. . Doors open each day at 1 o'clock. Tickets may be had at the Gardens, South Kensington ; Messrs. Addison and Co.'s, 210, Ile,9;ent-street ; Messrs. Leader and Cocks, 63, New Bend-street ; Mr. Mitchell's Royal Library. 33, Old Bond-street Mr. E. W. Olivier, 19, Old Bond-street Mr. Sams's, 1, St. James's-stree , ; Mr. Wester ton's Library, Knightsbridge ; Keith, Prowse, and Co.'s, 48, Cheapside ; and Vacher and Sons, Parliament-street. Tickets sold on Days of Shows will be charged Is. 6d. extra. All the Shows will be held under Roofed Buildings. After the opening, on June 5, Bands will play on Wednes days and Saturdays, in June and July. As the Works in the Garden are still in progress, the Coun cil have decided that the right of entry to these Promenades must, for the present Season, be limited to Fellows, who (except on Fete Days) may personally introduce two F. lends, the holders of Ivory Tickets, who may introduce two Friends, and to those persons whose names are registered under the Debenture Agreement ; and on Saturdays after 1 o'clock, by Tickets, price 2s. 6d. , *** Ballots for Election of Fellows will take place on the 24th and 31st of ➢lay. By Order of Council. AND. MURRAY. MR. W. S. WOODIN'S NEW ENTERTAIN MENT, the CABINET of CURIOSITIES, POLY- GRAPHIC HALL, King Wiliam-street, Charing-cross, TO-NIGHT, and EVERY EVENING (except Saturday), at Eight. Private boxes, .£1 Is. ' • Stalls and box Btana, 3s. ; area, 2s. ; amphitheatre, is. -A plan of the stalls may be seen, and seats secured (without extra charge), at the Box office, from 10 till 4 Morning Performance, Saturday, May 11. A RGYLL ROOMS. GRAND MUSICAL ENTERTAINMENT, with the Celebrated BAND, Forty in number (established eleven years), chosen from the Philharmonic Concerts, Royal Italian Operas, and the Household Troops. Conducted by Mons. Lamotte. Cornet-a-piston, 31. Boulcourt.---Danoing at Nine o'clock.-Is. admission. THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ROOMS, Hirsh Holborn.—This popular and magnificently ap pointed Ball Room, decidedly the most fashionable and best conducted entertainment in he world. The very excellent band, under the able direction of Mr. Packer, is constantly Introducing the choicest and latest music of the day. The wines supplied are of the very choicest quality. The refresh ment rooms aro elegant in the extreme, and replete with every comfort. Admission throughout, is. EVANS / S MUSIC and SUPPER ROOMS. — Gentlemen meet as ssual every evening. :hackney as ever—Sydney's admirable New Song— Ihe Lee Family's elegant Performances, superior to anything yet Eu en. Four part Songs, Glees, Madrigals, and Classic Vocal Music form the main element of the en ertainment. Play-goers sup at Evans's to glees extremely well sung."—Athennum. IMPORTANT TO OWNERS OF - HORSES.— After long experience, deep researches into chymistry, by the aid of costly machinery, I have discovered the means whereby oats, beans. and °Make may be ent rely dispensed with in the feeding of horses and cattle. I have now invented a compound meal, composed of locust beans, Indian corn, linseed, &c., at £l6 per ton, which is equal in value to £24 worth of oats, beans, or any other feeding material in the market. Two quarts of this compound meal, weighing 31bs., at the cost of 5d., mixed with a peck of chopped hay, is a feed for a draught horse, and superior in every respect to three quarterns of oats, costing 7id. 14 barrels weivh net 1 ton 1 cwt., at 16s. per cwt., £l6 16s. net cash, free, delivered by my own wagirons to any station in London. Nothing less than 21 cwt. sold at the manufactory, and orders must be accom panied with cheques crossed, made payable to the inventor, JOSEPH THORLEY. Steam Mills, Caledonian-road, King's-cross, April 8, 1861. Single barrels, weighing 1i cwt., may be had for 209., at 77, Newgate-street, City, or of any of my accredited Agents in the country. THORLEY'S CONDIMENTAL FOOD (mixed wi h crushed Oats, ct c.) for My Horses.—Read Admiral Rous on the English Racehorse. 40s. per barrel, containing 448 feeds. THORLEY'S CONDIMENT for My Cows Increasing the quantity and enriching the quality 01 Milk. 40s. per barrel. THORLEY'S COMPOUND for My Sheep. Sold in barrels, containing 443 feeds, with measure tngosed, and carriage paid to any railway station in the ingdom. THORLEY for My pigs 405.-p52501. •idik THORLEY'S GLEANER is Published every Monday in time for po.t, and contains forty Columns of valuable information, including Mark-lane Report, Agri cultural and Sporting intelligence up to time of going to press. Price One Penny. Order of any Newsvendor.-77, Newgate-street, City. D R. BRIGHT'S APHRODISION, The Phosphorised Nervine Tonic. A Newly-Discovered CHEMICAL COMBINATION of PHOSPHATIC SALTS, Quinine, Iron, &c., the most mar vellous and only remedy for Spermatorrhcea, Nervous and Generative Debility, Incapacity, Gleet, Stricture, and Prema ture Decline of Manly Power, caused in early life. Prices : lls. per bottle, or four lts. bottles in one, 315. ; and is cases containing three 338. bottles, £5, which saves £1 12s. Newbery, 45, St. Paul's Church-yard ; Hannay, 61, Ox ford-street. Just published, price ls., post free for 14 stamps, with Pho tographic Illustrations from Life, SKIN D ISEASES OF THE By ROBERT J. JORDAN, M.D., Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, England, &C. Author of " Skin Diseases and their Remedies," Sze. Price 2s. 6d., by post 2s. led., Hours of Consultation from 11 to 2, and 5 to 8 ; or by ap, pointment. To be had from the Author 29, George-street, Hanover square, London, W. For qualifications, see Medical Register. TRULY EFFICACIOUS AND MILD. - -a- Dr. SCOTT'S BILIOUS and LIVER PILLS, pre pared without any mercurial ingredient, from the recipe of Dr. Scott, will be found invaluable to all who suffer from bilious and iver complaints, indigestion, wind, spa , ms, giddiness, dizziness of the eyes, Sze. For habitual costiveness, as a fa mily aperient medicine, and as a purifier of the blood, they are truly excellent; mild in their operation and grateful to the s'omach, they create appe ite, promote digestion, and strerigthen the whole nervous system. Sold by W. Lambert, and by most druggists, in boxes, I lid. and 2s. 94. Be sure to ask for Dr. Scott's Bilious and Liver Pills. The genuine are a square green package, with " William Lambert, 20, jermyn-street," engraved on the stamp. GIVEN AWAY TO NERVOUS SUFFERERS. HENRY SMITH. M.D., of the University of Jena, has just published, for the benefit of Nervous Sufferers, a FREE EDITION of his valuable work, THE WARNING VOICE TO YOUNG MEN (120 pages). A medical work on the cure of Nervous Debility, Loss of Memory, Dimness of Sight, Lassitude, Indigestion, Dislike to Society, Spermatorrhcea, Local Weakness, Muscular Re laxation, Languor, Listlessness, Depression, &c., which, if neglected, result in consumption, insanity, and premature death ; with plain directions for perfect restoration to health and vigour. The book will be sent, post free, secure from ob servation, to any address, on receipt of a directed envelope and two stamps. Address, HENRY SMITH, M.D., 8, Burton crescent, Tavistock-square, London, W.C. THE VIGOUR OF YOUTH RESTORED IN FOUR WEEKS by Dr. RTCORD'S ESSENCE OF LIFE. NO CONSULTATION NECES ,ARY. This wonderful agent will restore manhood to the most shattered consti.ution, whether arising' from self - pollution, excesses, nocturnal emissions, the e ff ec t s of climate, or natu ral causes The time required to cure the most inveterate case is lour weeks ; and, if used according, to the printed in structions (which are very simple), failure is impossible. This life-restoring* remedy should be taken by ail about to marry, as its effects are permanent. It is acknowledged by the medical press to be the greatest discovery ever made. Success in every case is as certain as that water quenches thirst. Dr. Ricord's Essence of Life is sold in cases, with full in structions for use, at lie., or four quantities in one for Xis., and may be sent to any part of the world, carefully packed On receipt of remittance or stamps. Dr. Ricord's Sole Auent in London is Proof, Patent Medi cine Warehouse, 229, Strand (five doors west of Temple-bar). (Entered at Stationers' Hall.) "The temporary relief obtained by means of purgative Medicines is purchased at the high price of the aggravation nd d the perpetuating the disease."—HENßY, M.D. NO MORE PILLS OR ANY OTHER PHYSIC FOR CONSTIPATION, INDIGESTION (DYSPEPSIA), PALPI TATION, NERVOUS, BILIOUS, AND LIVER COMPLAINTS, DEBILITY, DROPSY, EPILEPSY, PARALYSIS, COUGH, ASTHMA, CONSUMPTION, BRONCHITIS, SORE THROAT, FEVERS D U BARRY'S delicious HEALTH RESTOR ING REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, which, at a ew pence per day, saves fifty times its cost in Medicine, and urea without purging or any of the uncertainties, annoy noes, and ruinous dkpenses incurred by medicine, cod liver oil, or visits to distant climates. Celrtlficate No. 36,418.—We find it the safest remedy, An drew u re ' M.D. , P.R.S. Dr. Elary e • Dr. Dr. Wurzer • Shor iand ; Dr. Campbell. • We extract a few out of 56,000 cures: — Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies of many years' dyspepsia. Cure No. 4%8r agony from dyspep sia , Of fifty yea rindiscribable nervousness asthma, asthma, cough, constipa tion, flatulency, spasms, of Lynn, Norfolk. Cure s i c kness, 47,121. Miss vomiting, Maria Joly, Judi of extreme nervousness, Miss Elizabeth Jacobs n. est lo s l l,_ gatherin s , low spirits, and nervous fancies. Cure 'No. Campbell, Syderstone Rectory, nea r F . T ot i n di ges unn and iiver complaints. Cure No. 56,814.'Mr. Samuel Laxton , Leicester, of two years diarrhoea. Cure No 180. Mr. W. Reeves, 181, Fleet-street, London, 0 1 25 years' *nervous nervousness, debility, with cranits, nervous ness, constipation , indigestion, and debility. Cure No. 4,028: Eight years' dyspepsia, spasms, and nausea, Rev. John W. Flavel, Ridlington Rec tory, Norfolk. Cure No. 3,906. Thirteen years' cough, indi gestion, and general debilit y , James Porter, Athol-street, Perth. Cure No. 68,314. Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacre, near Liverpool, of ten years' dyspepsia, and all the horrors of nervous irritability. Cure No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts timber merchant, of Frimley , Surrey, of 30 years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, partial deafness. Similar testimonials from 56,000 patients who can be re !erred to. The Food is sold in canisters, 11b. 28. 9d., 21b, 4s. N., 121 b. 225., 241 b. 40s. ; super-refined quality, 61b. 238„ 101 b. 335. The 101 b., 121 b ., and 241 b. canisters carriage free on receipt of Post-offic order by tarry Du Barry and Co., 772tegnt atrset T kmdon ; Fortnum, Mason, and C o., 182, Piccadilly, • Lunaon ; Abbis, 60, Gracechurch-street; 4, Cheapsi de3 and 150, Oxford-street ; 330 and 45Z Strand ;49 and 63 iO, Bishopsgate-street ; Batty,l6, Finsbury -pavement 1 ; • and co.. tea dealers • Petty, Wood, and Co., King treet, City, andli7,l44b ILelborn; alma ali gr9oollh N° 21,498. PUBLICATIONS. •NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF "HELEN LINDSAY." Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 2 vols., 215., - - TH INKING AND ACTING, BY A CLERGYMAN'S DAUGHTER. Author of " Helen Lindsay," " Our Homeless Poor," dm Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street. LORD MACAULAY'S HISTOLY OF ENGLAND. In 7 vols. post Svo., price 12s. cloth, or separately, 6s. each, THE HISTORY of RNGLAND from the ACCESSION of JAMES the SECOND. By the Right Hon. Lord MACAULAY. LORD MACAULAY'S HISTORY of ENG LAND froth the Accession of James the Second. Library Edition of the first Four Volumes. Vols. I. and IL Bvo. price 325. ; Vols. 111. and IV. Bvo. price 365. THE FIF I H and CONCLUDING VOLUME of LORD MACAULAY'S HISTORY of ENGLAND, edited by his Sister, Lady TREVELYAN, with a copious INDEX, Bvo. price 12s. - • London : Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts, This day is published, in Crown Octavo, price es., THE PAST AND PRESENT LIFE OF THE GLOBE. Beier a Sketch in Outline of THE WORLD'S LIFE SYSIEM. By DAVID PAGE, F.G.S., Author of " Text-Books of Geology," &c. With Fifty Illustrations, Drawn and Engraved expressly for this Work. William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London. BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE for .JUNE, 1861. No. DXLVIII. Price 2s. 6d. CONTENTS, The Book-Hunter. The Monks of the West. Miss Bremer in Switzerland and Italy. A Cruise up the Vauigstze In 1858-59. Severed. Hades. From the Fatherl Ind. Norman Sinclair : an Autobiography.—Part XVI. I'm Very Fond of Water.—A new Temperance Song. Memoirs of a Tory Gentlewoman. William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, D UBLIN" UNIVE] No. 312. FOR J. ,SITY MAGAZINE. [NE. Price 2s. 6d. CON T: 1. Our Foreign Courier. No.ll. 2. An Only Son. By the Au thor of "Artist and Crafts- man." Part V. 3. Scenes and Customs in the West Indies. 4. Modern Preraphalitism. 5. Ministers of the Devil. Dublin: William Robertson 6. The Irish Poor Laws. 7.lPoMies and Society in France. 8. The British Volunteers. 9. Our Minor Macaulays. 110. Ultramontane Amenities for Italy. 11. The Month's Chronicle. London : Hurst and Blackett. BENTLEY'S MISCEL'LANY. The JUNE NUMBE It (Now Ready) contains THE CONSTABLE OF THE TOWER. By WILLIAM HARRISON AINSWORTH. Book ll.—Chapters 10 to 16. 11. Crooked Usage ; or, The VI. Beatrice Bovine • or, Adventures of Lorn Lo- Pride versus Pride. riot. ByDudley Costello. By Ouida. Chaps. 15 and Di. VII. Town and Country. [IL Education in France. By By Monkshood. Frederick Marshall. VIII. Reminiscences of the IV. Alpine Grass Farms. Federal City of Wash y. The House Blaswick. in g on. By Mrs. Bushby. .11, 193, Piccadilly. Chapman and Hal THE AMERICAN REBELLION.-THE LONDON AMERICAN of WEDNESDAY will con tain a Strategetic Plan of the Scat of War, with topographi cal description. All the Lai est News, from reliable sources, to. Price 3d., by post 4d. Exster Change, Strand, and all Newsmen. THE PRESENT DISTRESS IN TRADE fully explained in J. GROSSMITH'S " GOVERNMENT UPON FIRST PRINCIPLES." The cause is there predicated of the monetary difficulties CK perienced in 1860. The Crisis is at hand. Anxiety in bus ness has now become the grim torture. Purity of motive, intelligently exercised, must animate all Governments, or all is lost, All denominations of Constitutions are carefully examined in J. Grossmith's "Government upon First Prin ciples." Kent and Co., late Piper and Co.. Paternoster-row. Just published, Bvo, in cloth, price 55., by post free, ss. 6d., ON THE SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT of STRICTURES of the URETHRA; showing why they so often appear Incurable, when in reality they might be removed by the most simple means. By F. B. COURTENAY, And formerly Surgeon to the Metropolitan_ Infirmary for the Cure of Strictures of the Urethra. " This work is the production of a surgeon whose special attention has been directed, through a long professional life, to the treatment of strictures of the urethra. The cases which Mr. Courtenay has given supply ample evidence of his great discriminative power in the diagnosis of the various kinds of stricture, and of the scientific principles upon which their management is founded. By his systematic management an immense mitigation of pain to the unhappy sufferers is attained, and future mischief prevented. The work we can most unreservedly and confidently recommend as a valuab_ contribution, both to the general and professional reader, and ought to be found in the private study of all who are subject to stricture."—Medical Circular. London: H. Baillicre, 219, Regent-street. No. 8, GROSVENOR-STREET, BOND-STREET. RTIFICIAL TEETH on a NEW and IM -1:1. PROVED PRINCIPLE.—Mr. ESKELL'S PATENTED INVENTION (protected by her Majesty's Royal Seal, July, imp), for adapting Artificial Teeth on Moveable Bases by Self-adhesion, arc fixed without springs or any fastenings, without palp or extraction, restore perfect articulation and mastication, rendering detection impossible, and last a life time. "An admirable contrivance for remedying the defects of nature, without requiring new sets of teeth.' —Sun, July 20. "Will doubtless be extensively patronised."—Court Cir cular, July 21. "Unrivalled for its utility and economy."— Morning Post, July 20. Consultations free.—Terms strictly moderate. 8, Grosvenor-street, Bond-street; Old Steyne, Brighton; Bennett's-hill, Birmingham. MEDICAL CONSULTATIONS. Dr. LAIIERT, Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh ; Member of the Roya l Colle g e of Surgeons, England, L.R.S.A. &c., may be Confidentially CONSULTED on the Functional Derangements of Nervous and Reproductive System, daily at his residence the , 37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON. Dr. Lalicrt is the only qualified practitioner on the Medi cal Regist.r who, for 20 years, has exclusively devoted his attention to the treatment of those physical infirmities which militate against the happ'ness of Married Lite, or prevent the contraction of engagements which constitute the most cherished objects of existence. Dr. La'Mert's Treatise on "Self-pkeservation," published by Mann. bookseller, 39, Cornhil, price is , post free for 13, or sealed, for 20 stamps, contains muoh useful information regarding the moral, social, and physical obligations of mar riage, with simple and efficacious instructions for the resto ration of health, vigour, aid all the dignified prerogatives of manhood, when lost or impaired by pernicious prero gati ves of excess. The work will be found totally free from those ex aggerated and alarming statements contained in the host of pretended medical publications by unqualified persons, pro fessing to treat on these important subjects. I At home from 10 till 3, and from 6 till 8. %. GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET. W., NEAIt THE PANTHEON. Dlt. CULVERWELL, Member of the Roya l College of Surgeons, Licentiate of Midwifery, and Apo hecaries' Hall, London, can be consulted daily (only) as love, on all cases of Nervous Debility, Languor, Incapacity, oss of Memory, Sterility, and all Functional Derangements I both Sexes, emanating from early and excessive :indul encea Has Just published, price is. ; by post, 13 Otampa 18 sealed, No. 4, An entire new and original Work, entitled OURSELVES. Synopsis : The Physiology and Anatomy of our Generation - The Origin of Disease—Symptoms, Treatment, and Cure. A. leo, an Exposition of. and Remedy for, all Urinal" , Derange cents and Marital Disqualifications, MALE. The modern treatment of Syphilis, Stricture, Blennorrhagla Gonorrheea), Spermatorrlicca, Impotency, and all Diseases of he Urinary Organs, with Prescriptions, Ao.l FEMALE. The Physiology and Anatomy of Women—Functional Ir egular files in Health and Sickness—Choice in Marriage— I heir Expectancies and Disappointments—ThA cause and N - ernoval of Sterility—The Theory and Symptoms of Gesta tou—Use of the Speculum. Also, No. 1. HEALTH, HAPPINESS, and LONGEVITY; On Debility, Nervousne s s, Dyspepsia, and Indigestion. No. 2. ['heir Obligations, Happi ness , an d Di sa p po i ntments; L ove LOVE AND MARRIAGE : trd other Matches. Sterility Removed, and Healthy Off- Tring secured. No. S. TI3E CASE BOOK : 100 Cases of SPERMATORRIICEA, ['h e ir Causes, Symptoms , and Treatment, Confessions and Cure by Cauterisations, Galvani , an, Ac. &c. (to. To be had of 3lann, 39, Comical' ; and the Authors. Advice to the Working Classes fee lialf-a-G111111ea; (SPECIAL NOTICE.) Dr. Culverwell thate only legally qualified medical practi 'inner living of name, and can be consulted (only as above). DE. CURTIS' MEDICAL WORK, MANHOOD: M [CAL ESSAY ON SPE RMATORRHCF A ' NERVOUS AND GENE RATIVE DEBILITY, sm lust Published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates, in a sealed envelope, mice ls., Sold by all Boeksellers, and sent post paid, by the-Auther, for 1 2 stamps, kil ANTIOOD: the CAUSE a nd CURE of PRE • MATURE DECLINE IN MAN, with Plain Directions for Perfect Restoration to Health and Vigour. B n.y Dr. J. L. CURTIS, 15, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, Londo CONTENTS : INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER on the Physiolog,ical Structure and Functions of the Reproductive Organs. cii).l-TER ll.—Causes of Spersnatorrheca and Impotence; Farly Vicious Indulgences; Dangers of Neglect. CI I APT El tI I I.—A I teview of the various Disqualifications if Marriage ; whether resulting f r om Youthful Abus e, the Follies of Maturity, the Effects of Climate, or Infection. CHAPTERS IV. and V. on the modern Treatment of Gonorrhoea and Syphilis. The Book concludes with numerous varied and interesting sees, to which is added the Author's recipe of a preventive Lotion. REVIEWS OF THE WORK. "Curtis on Manhood.--This is a truly valuable work, and Mould be in the hands of young and old."—" Sunday Times," !3d march, 1856. "The author has conferred a great boon by publishing this little work, in which is described the source of those diseases which produce decline in youth or more frequently premature old age."--.' Daily Telegraph," March 27,1856. " This work, which for twenty years has stood the test of professional criticism and empirical hostility, treats in a plain and sympathising manner on the various disqualifications and impediments arising from nervous excitement and de • bility ; and to invalids suffering from youthful errors and excesses it wil, be found valuable and useful."—Record. London : Published by J. Allen, 20, Warwick Lane, Pater- Hours noster-row ; Mann, 29, Cornh ith t at Ootuniltatton - 10 to 3 and 0 to a ;:sundam 1 0 0 1 2 :77 :O Q--- .4,,, ..:: \. i 1.,.., - V ----e . --6.- -e- - ---- & 47 - 6 ;e - /z------ --4.4_,_ 4 i_e__ _z ,e____2 _e. Z---,--e.-- ,%I ---- ' k- / 411--- ---r--- " c 7 N E WS Pl-IPE R . . . 2:.':-.'. - '':= - -- - - .f,5. V, . _ ... ciieie 4 „./ , ~ . f .- . 'l'!t, .._. . "-: tj,.... 7 - - !. , Z 4 IN.- ~.. , =1 1 ..t:. -it-- - 14-1 ..-"..--; /N 4 ' tor mi66 ,.. ef'filA9}..te% 0 Agit , . .', . art • A. r 11 421 . ke...6,1 - - ',,,_ ..'",3''''''''',*" , Ili,* l ,' It 4,4, 7",, P :e2-2 7 ;rgt , -.-, ;lA. I • ''.,:t' 41 .741- , --,, - -7.---I \t t l AL h''' ; (:.. 1i...,,,4 ,I_,__A ,:.4 I* * 7*. ' ~..." ~ ' k t+,. , , ,_,“- -- ,% 7 Z i: :1 "*. •!,:t, , , , ,,•: , - •:/ - ' , .. _ .... .. ... .. ... .. ..... _ ... . . . . . . . i . . . . . . .... . . . . . . r. .... . ... .. _ _ _ .. _ ... 77. L A I: 7 ).0 / R A T T 0 12: L c . r_ . 0 0::: 70 C N E_ 11 , S ..,- , 5 4 4 4, , , f L ..x .: 4 ~,,t . ---,l2.L___-- , .., _ - _ ...... • Irr, , .2..,. r 1 _ . , ,__ ii , `.-- ---t ..\--, - 7 - lt" --- S :-\ i - • '-' 4°L .- . i et .....-:.; i - , - ,. ..,4 ? ~- r'.. *--. --- Justice Keating and a Common Jury.) 44, )D.,' - „__„,,_,,--,,,,,... 1. ___„, „.,....„,....„,„ .. , ~, ~,,,,, , „ ~,,... ....-„,_ _. w..... , _ + --:,, :i .._ j ' ,_ , ,_____ . .-, .. ~, 8,.., .-./ -,. -) ~ kr ,11r. : 4,!... r -7."4 ._ ' ~,. \ '', . , al.' - -I'd' 2 ., 1t . 01T. • • V, 1, ..,..___-,.. . 7-.„ ~. :„. Cs , BAKER V. CARTIVRIGIIT—BREACH OF PROMISE OF MARRIAGE. . 171 . 4 E AVSlll,l\l' Ci--'.. ---., C. , • ''r A -.4, This was an action to recover damages for a breach of promise of marriage, and the defendant by his pleas denied the breach, and added in justi fication that the plaintiff' had formerly been of unsound mind. The latter plea, however, had been demurred to, and the Court held that it was no answer to the action. Mr. Hawkins, Mr. Macnamara, and Mr. Maud appeared for the plaintiff, and Mr. Overend for the defendant. pnicE . STAMPED, all. W pr r a d f or its aitehall ! The Georgians are by no means so keen as theeo Jefferson b C el a i r ig ol e i rD n e i oa a vt n it s so, s- o a n ;i t e h sa e ss i a r tgh b ee o y r i s d e e r — ei sa n e a weeky ahso the .r i e n n ei o rr t .. modera tion and for other qualities which were by no means in height. suc h favourMen n lookwhen gravethe Sumterand task about fever ference of England and France, which cannot allow this thing to go on. But the change which has come over them is unmistakeable, and the best men begin to look grave. As for me, I must prepare to open my lines of retreat—my communications are in danger. Mr. Hawkins, in stating the case, said that the plaintiff, Frances Elizabeth Baker, was a young woman living at Luton, in Bedfordshire, and she claimed damages from the defendant, Charles Cartwright, who had been in very respect able services, and had by industry, perseverance, sobriety, and prudent habits saved a very consider able sum of money. He was now in the service of Mr. Romilly, of Wilton-street, Piccadilly, as butler, but he had previously been in the service of a lady who had died, and had left him a very consider able amount. He had some friends named Pilgrim, who lived at Pepperstoek, nezr Luton, and he visited them in the autumn of 1859, and was taken by them to see the straw plait manufactory at Luton. The plaintiff was one of four sisters, the daughter of a widow, and she was employed in the straw plait business. The defendant saw her at work, and was much smitten with her ; h e paid her considerable attention, he called upon her mother, and went out with the plaintiff once or twice. This was during his short visit to the country, and after his return to town he con stantly corresponded with the plaintiff. So mat ters went on until July, 1860, but on the 26 th of that month she received the following : "My dear Fanny,—l received you rs ; thanks for t he kindness it expresses. You will be surprised w hen y ou re ad the following, but don't judge roe harshly. Plans are altered, and I shall not be able to have the pleasure of see ing you here. lam very sorry the time was se near. No whim of mine has caused the Change, but it cannot be helped now. I feel the disappointment most keenly. My regards to your friends.—l am very affectionately, " CHARLES." This letter having been replied to produced the following THE PAPER DUTIES. ~~~~ Favoured by that complex system which allows near twenty discussions of any point in the progress of Ea money bill, the house is once more on the paper duty. We certainly had hoped to hear no more about it, and will confess to a degree of weariness in a controversy which has been now decided, and which can hardly fail to abide by that decision. But why is it that the controversy does return, not only with pertinacity, but with a positive increase of vigour? The paper duty has nine lives, and each life is fiercer than the last. There is evidently a weak point as well as a strong point in the demand for the repeal. The strong point is that an agreement has been come to between certain high contracting Powers. It is understood among men who have great influence upon this and other questions that the duty is to be repealed, and on the strength of this good understanding the Government can reckon on much valuable support. There prevails a comfortable assurance that the bargain will stand, and some very important re " August 1, 1860. "Dear Fanny,—l received yours; thanks for so kind a letter. It was more than I could expect. With sincere regret I beg to inform you that our correspondence must be at an end. From circumstances which came to my knowledge just before my last, I think it far better that it should be so for us both. I assure you I write thi s a ft er mature thought, and I sincerely wish you a happy future. I again repeat that I am very sorry to have caused you disappointment, and I shculd never have thought of writ ing you this without sufficient roason.—Believe me to have been very sincerely yours, " CHAS. CARTWRIGHT." The lea,rned counsel, in continuation, said that in the early part of 1859 the plaintiff had been affected in her intellect, but this was from physical causes alone, and the jury well knew how some women were affected at certain periods of their lives. In a different position iu life somebody would, under such circumstances, have been appointed to look after her, and in her own case it was thought that the best thing was for her to go to Bedford Asylum, where she remained for four months, and was then discharged perfectly cured, and there had been no return of the affliction since, notwithstanding the breaking off the match had caused her poignant grief. But even if it were shown that this malady was likely to return, though that would be a mis fortune for both of them, yet the loss to her from the breaking off the engagement would not be the less, and she was fairly entitled to substantial damages. Evidence for the plaintiff was then given. Mr. Overend called no witnesses, but addressed the jury in mitigation of damages, submitting that the defendant had, under the circumstances, no alternative but breaking off the engagement. His Lordship said that the plaintiff wa s en titl e d to a verdict, but the amount was entirely for the consideration of the jury. He spoke in terms of praise of the good sense and good feeling which had been displayed by the defendant, and especially of the delicate manner in which he had acted when it came to his knowledge that the plaintiff had been in a lunatic asylum. He had not mentioned the circumstance in his letter to the plaintiff, and when he sent down Mr. Goodehild, it was to communi cate not with the plaintiff herself but with her mother. The case was a very distressing one, and the jury would take all the circumstances Into con sideration before giving their verdict. The jury found for the plaintiff —damages £2O. sults have been already discounted. We have ever been accustomed to believe in these bargains, and in this instance we no more expect that the paper duty will be retained than that we shall ever see again the duty on cotton and wool, or the excise on glass and bricks. But what is the weak point of this measure? It is that it cannot even pretend to be a popular proceeding. There is absolutely no such thing as a cry, or a cause, or even a public opinion in favour of the measure. There has been nothing to indicate that a single labourer, or artisan, or shopman cares a straw about the repeal of the duty one way or the other. The agitation is confined to Parliament street ; if you go southward into Lambeth, or north ward into the populous quarters of Broadway and Tothill-fields, you will find no more known about it than about the politics of the moon. The measure may be a very good one all the same. The French Emperor does some very grand things, but then he does them without public pressure, and sometimes without public fore-knowledge. If the House of Commons passes this measure, it will be acting im- perially rather than as representing the people, When, then, it is asked, " What have the Lords to do with the question ?" it should be remembered that even the people have as little to do with the question. This is the reason why the controversy refusE s to be laid, and haunts the house like a trouble- some ghost. It owes its vitality not to the privilege question, not to its own intrinsic merits, but to the fact that the people care nothing about the matter. We have heard a good deal about Privilege in the course of the controversy. It has been supposed to endanger the constitution, and at one time to set the Lords over our heads, at another time to trample them under our feet, We have had, too, so many statistics and ingenious calculations, that we are not permitted to E at, drink, or sleep, to walk, ride, or talk, or do anything without feeling therein the re mission of the paper duty. It is made out to bring us more easily into the world, to send us more cheaply to our graves, and convey our souls more certainly and expeditiously to heaven. There is only one thing that has never been pretended for a moment, and nobody would have the face to pretend it, and that is that the people care about it, or are at all interested in it. Mr. M. Milnes, indeed, intimates that it will cheapen bandboxes, and that in this re spect it becomes a relief to the million. We will frankly confess that, not having got up the subject of bandboxes, we are not prepared to give a flat contradiction to the statement; but, if we may be allowed to form a conjecture from the habits of la bourers within our knowledge, and from the inte riors of cottages with which we are acquainted, bandboxes may be cheapened as much as a penny a dozen without greatly improving the condition of the poor. The controversy, strange to say, rather gains in amusement what it loses in gravity. The civilised world will be edified to observe that the greatest Senate under the sun has been engaged two years in the question whethei paper should be taxed; but the discussion as it narrows sets free the fancy and loosens the tongue, so that it is scarcely possible to say what speculation will next be engrafted upon it. Indeed, we seem to have found something akin to an inconvertible paper currency, in the shape of a paper controversy reducible to no test, bound to no conclusion, and incapable of a settlement: It is all paper. This cannot be a wholesome phase of the national mind. Surely the question of £1,300,000 to be raised in one form or another is not so very important ? To the public we are inclined to think ,that it is really a matter of no importance at all. So let it be decided, as it has been, on, purely political grounds. There is a considerable body of gentlemen interested in iit, hasso let bn e t e he m have promised, what and accordingly. If anyt hin g p revents the intended repeal, we are n o t sure that Lord Palmerston they steps want, have taken ly a s will be safe from an action for breach of p romise in a peculiarly su sce p tible q uar t er . It is said, indeed, that from another party he is threatened with a curious defection in consequence of the withdrawal of the grant from the Galway Packet Company. This promises a curious variety of the question, and if the cheap newspapers and the Atlantic Royal Mail Steam Navigation Company could be shut up in a cage to fight till they had finished this controversy, we might hope for the same finite and highly simplified result as in a well known incident. But we don't see how this is to be done, unless it is accomplished in the shape of a very attenuated majority next Thursday. Any how we hope and trust that will be the very last day of this paper war, and from that day forward every Englishman will not only have in his house a cheap Bible, but also a penny newspaper, a Cocker's Arithmetic, a Miscellany, a novel in weekly parts, and a bandbox duty free.— Tines. POLICE INTELLIGENCE—May 27. BOW- STREET.--The Rev. James Roe was again placed at the bar, before Mr. Corrie, charged with forging and uttering a cheque for £6,000, and other documents, at present in the custody Of the Court of Chancery. Mr. Wontner attended for the prisoner. Mr. Humphreys, the solicitor for the prosecution, said he felt it his duty to make a public statement of the difficulty, trouble, and expense to which he had been subjected by the officials of the Record and Writ-office, before he could get possession of the documents which formed the subject of this important prosecution. ' The summons issued by his worship was treated with indifference, the clerk stating that he could not produce the documents without an order from the Vice-Chancellor, by whom further impediments were raised, so that he was compelled to petition the Court, make a motion by counsel, and pay stamps and fees amounting to £5, to secure the attendance of a clerk with the papers in question. Even this privilege had been conceded only with the understanding that if they were required again, at the future examinations, the same tedious and expensive process must be ' repeated. Now it was obvious that, if his client had been a poor man, the ends of justice would have been completely frustrated by this course of pro ceeding ; and he felt certain that if Lord Chan cellor Campbell had 'been applied to in such a matter the result would have been wholly different. Mr. Corrie thought the documents would have been sent as a matter of course, unless there was some misunderstanding. Mr. Humphreys said there was no misinder sto Mr. Corrie—Well, you have got t he d ocuments here now, and perhaps you will not want them again till the case gets to the c a u n r d s e i n o g f . j Old Bailey. These us l t t ic was.e a vexatious interference with the cobwebs will be cleared away then. Mr. Humphreys was glad to hear them so desig nated by his worship. Mr. Corrie did not say the " cobwebs" might not be necessary. Mr. Humphreys was certain they were wholly unnecessary, and highly discreditable to the Court. He should require the documents again at the next examination. He had no doubt they would bo forthcoming promptly enoug h a t th e Old B a iley, 1 for the judges would not be trifled with in such a. I I manner, and the clerks knew it. The documents were then put in by a clerk from the Record office, consisting of a letter purporting to be written to the prisoner by his late uncle, en closing a check for £6,000, bearing date the day before his uncle's death ; also the envelope, purport ing to bear the usual post-office stamp and endorse ments. Peter Wadsworth and Joseph Chapman, both of Sutton, near Macclesfield, the attesting witnesses to the uncle's will, proved that the decease d t was physically unable to write such a letter on b before his death. o i t n e ,t whohthe P rdoebpaotseedetuhuartt sig C n r e o d ss t - h ex e sm ee i d n i e e d il at be a di d it with great on the day before hii death ; but disabled. The difficulty, his fingers being pa r t ially i u . s p n o e c r l t e: n ; g the t said u he hantwriting of the letter produced resembled u e s l t aim la b st e , in i g nf f o o r u m nd in e g d deceased a year or two b_ ofewriting latterly. not resemble his stylelled was Mr. W. S. Johnson, The next witness called — to T h h is e w d il e l e , easedi of the firm of 0 ;p o w b u o a e nu r ci t o h ' i c ß ti l s o d o c e l . i k n, , t the prisoner h and Chancel"'wrote a letter to Messrs.- Brockle structions, hurst, of ,--ae . Court, and acting deathl outd , vi -111 e e jad le hb fi ne e l n d ail inldi client f the prisoner's claim of £6,000 upon the them ° de ceased, the day before his death, and containing, an written by the order for that amount upon his brokers, in priso ner's favour. The documents produced were the letter and envelope which the prisoner gave to wit ness. uesptoanteao of letter rlaptue of the candidates for the representation of Flintahire, THE FLINTSHIRE ELECTION. — The nomination ren dered vacant by the death of the late member, the Hon. E. M. Lloyd Mostyn, took place at Flint on Saturday. There was a large attendance of freeholders and gentlemen connected with the county. The show of hands was at least three to one in favour of Lord Richard rt G o ros_Z nor, and a poll having been demanded on the pa t n l e u x , , Hughes, the high sheriff fixed the polling fo r Tuesday r and the declaration for Thursday. remedied, and silver. Defects of manipulation have I/ be ar ing's magnetic perfection produced. The sajne with perfected that they are brushes and combs, which are now so re p y hair, and eradicating unfailing in restoring the colour to j, g London, and they nervous headache. N.B.— the agonies of tic doloreux and __ oes, 2, $ Basinghall-street, Photographs are simply the effect of light silver. on Counterfeits arc being made. um London. -, _ pills and medicine invariably ag- LADvEnTisrsasiT u •J ate diseases; their annoyance, dis gt avate and Per Pet ...,d expense may be avoided by persons appointment , .-- iodide of . health sending only their address to E. Regent-street, W., S. Barry, - 11, '"i ...1 , 9 g ratis and free by post the "INVALIDS' Owr willor Natural Restorer, without medi • GUIDE, medicine or ex of perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, and prise, y refreshing sleep, to the most enfeebled, insuring the removal of indigestion (dyspepsia), constipation, liver complaints, nausea, epilepsy, paralysis, debility, nervousness, palpitation , coug h, asthma, consumption, dropsy, flatulency, dlarr" a ' dysentery, biliousness, fevers, sore throats, catarrhs, colds, noises in the ears, rheumatism, gout, impurities, eruptions, in inditieTt .,77, hysteria, neuralgia, irritability, sleeplessness, acidity, Palpi tation, heartburn, headache, despondency, cramps, spasms' sinking, fits, bronellitio,—"Unquestionably the safest Guide i to health,"- James Penaton, who received the first order to make the dies, now repeated the evidence previously given by him, but could not identify the prisoner as the person who gave the order. At this stage of the examination, the case was remanded for another week. Dr. Johnson described a man, who had contracted a mercenary marriage, as a contemptible fellow who had at length obtained the certainty of three meals a day. Loss OF THE WASP AND ENCHANTRESS.—By private letter from the Mauritius, dated the sth ult., we l ea rn that in addition to the loss of the Wasp, a fine vessel, named the Enchantress, purchased by Rear-Admiral Kep pcl, as a tender to the Forte, and employed in carrying . stores from the Cape to the squadron stationed in the Mosambique, had been totally wrecked on a coral reef off the island of Magotta. The Wasp had been wrecked on a small island to the northward of Ebo, and the crew 1 . 141 ; been conveyed to Zanzibar. The Lyra and Persian nail proceeded to the scene of the disaster, b u t no hopes were entertaißeci of saying the ship.— Vn/tol oervic4 Gag" THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, MAY 28, 1861. UNITED UNIVERSITY CLUB. The ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Members of the-United University Club will be held at the CluO House, on THURSDAY, the 30th May. The Chair will ba tslicen at Three o'clock precisely. - . By order of the Committee. CAMILLUS FAWSSETT, Secretary. R OYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE OFFICE, Royal Exchange, London, 22d May, 186 1 . The Court of Directors of the Corporation of the Royal Exchange Assurance do Hereby give Notice, that their Transfer-Books will be shut from TUESDAY, the 11th of June next, to THURSDAY, the 4th of July following ; and that a General Court of the said Corporation will be holden at their Office at the Royl Exchange, on WEDNESDAY, the 19th of June, at Twelve a o'clock at noon, to consider of a Dividend. ROBERT P. STEELE, Secretary, ME CIVIL WAR IN _AMERICA. (From the Special Correspondent of the Times.) THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. APRIL 30. Nothing I could say can be worth one fact which has forced itself upon my mind in reference to the sentiments which prevail among the gentlemen of this State. - I have , been among them for several days. I have visited their plantations, I have con- versed with them freely and fully, and I have en joyed that frank, courteous, and graceful inter course which constitutes an irresistible charm of their society. From all quarters has come to my ears the echoes of the same voice ; it may be feigned, but there ,is no discord in the note, and it sounds in wonderful strength and monotony all over the Shades of George 111., of North, of John son, of all who COllteutlud against the great rebel- lion which tore these colonies from England, can you hear the chorus which rings through the State of Marion, Sumter, and Pinckney, and not clap your ghostly hands in triumph ? That voice says, "If we could only get one of the Royal race of England to rule over us we should be content." Let there be no misconception on this point. That sentiment, varied in a hundred ways, has been repeated to me over and over again. There is a general admission that the means to such an end are wanting, and that the desire cannot be gratified. But the admiration for monarchical institutions on the English model, for privileged classes, and for a landed aristocracy and gentry, is undisguised and apparently genuine. With the pride of having achieved their independence is mingled in the South Carolinians' hearts a strange regret at the result and consequences, and many are they who " would go back to-morrow if we could." An intense affection for the British connexion, a love of British habits and customs, a respect for British sentiment, law, authority, order, civilization, and literature pre eminently distinguish the inhabitants of this State, who, glorying in their descent from ancient fami lies on the three islands, whose fortunes they still follow, and with whose members they maintain not unfrequently familiar relations, regard with an aversion of which it is impossible to give an idea to one who has not seen its manifestations the people of New England and the populations of the Northern States, whom they regard as tainted beyond cure by the venom of " Puritanism." Whatever may be the cause, this is the fact and the effect, "The State of South Carolina was," I am told, " founded by gen tlemen." It was not established by witch-burning Puritans, by crael persecuting fanatics, who im planted in the north the standard of Torquemada, and breathed into the nostrils of their newly-born colonies all the ferocity, bloodthirstiness, and rabid intolerance of the Inquisition. It is absolutely astounding to a stranger who aims at the preserva tion of a decent neutrality to mark the violence of these opinions. "If that confounded ship had sunk with those Pilgrim Fathers on board," says one„ " we never should have been driven to these extre mities !" "We could have got on with the fanatics if they had bean either Christians or gentlemen," says another ; " for in the first case they ould have acted with common charity, and in the second they would have fought when they insulted us ; but there are neither Christians nor gentlemen among them !" " Anything on the earth !'' exclaims a third, " any form of Govern ment, any tyranny or despotism you will ; but"—and here is an appeal more terrible than the adjuration of all the Gods—" nothing on earth shall ever induce us to submit to any union with the brutal, bigotted blackguards of the New England States, who neither comprehend nor regard the feelings of gentlemen ! Alan, woman, and child, we'll die first." Imagine these and an infinite variety of similar sentiments uttered by courtly, well-educated men, who get great store on a nice observance of the usages of society, and who are only moved to extreme bitterness and anger when they speak of the North, and you will fail to conceive the intensity of the dislike of the South Carolinians for the Free States. There are national antipathies on our side of the Atlantic which are tolerably strong and have been unfortunately per tinacious and long-lived. The hatred of the Italian for the Tedesco, of the Greek for the Turk, of the Turk for the Russ, is warm and fierce enough to satisfy the Prince of Darkness, not to speak of a few little pet aversions among allied Powers arid the atoms of composite empires ; but they are all mere indifference and neutrality of feeling compared to the animosity evinced by the " gentry" of South Carolina for the rabble of the North." The contests of Cavalier and Roundhead, of Ven dean and Republican, even of Orangeman and Croppy, have been elegant joustings, regulated by the finest rules of chivalry, compared with those which North and South will carry on if their deeds support their words. " Immortal hate, the study of revenge" will actuate every blow, and never in the history of the world, perhaps, will go forth such a dreadful vos victis as that which may be heard before the fight has begun. There is nothing in all the dark caves of human passion so cruel and deadly as the hatred the South Carolinians profess for the Yankees. That hatred has been swelling for years till it is the very life blood of the State. It has set South Caro lina to work steadily to organise her resources for the struggle which she intended to provoke if it did' not come in the course of time. " Incompatibility of temper" would have been sufficient ground for the divorce, and I am satisfied that there has been a deep-rooted design, conceived in some men's minds 30 years ago, and extended gradually year after year to others', to break away from the Union at the very first opportunity. The North is to South Caro lina a. corrupt and evil thing, to which for long years she has been bound by burning chains, while monopolists and manufacturers fed on her tender limbs. She has been bound in a Maxentian union to the object she loathes. Now England is to her the incarnation of moral and political wickedness and social corruption. It is the source of everything which South Carolina hates, and of the torrents of free thought and taxed manufactures, of Abolition ism and of Filibustering, which have flooded the land. Believe a Southern man as he believes him self, and you must regard New England and the kindred States as the birthplace of im purity of mi n d among men an d o f u nchastity in women—the ofAbolitionism,e of Free Love,f false of teachingsFourierism, inof infidelity, political economy and in social e ; a land satu rated with the drippings of rotten philosophy, with the poisonous infectious of a fanatic press ; without honour or modesty : whose d wis om is paltry cun ning, whose valour and manhood have been swal lowed up in a corrupt, howling demagogy, and in the marts of a dishonest commerce. It is the mer chants of New York who fit out ships for the slave trade, and carry it on in Yankee ships. It is the capi tal of the North which supports, and it is Northern men who concoct and execute, the Filibustering expeditions which have brought discredit on the Slave -holding States. In the large cities people are corrupted by itinerant and ignorant lecturers — in the towns and in the country by an unprincipled press. The populations, indeed, know how to read and write, but they don't know how to think, and they are the easy victims of the wretched impostors on all the 'ologies and 'isms who swarm over the region, and subsist by lecturing on subjects which the innate vices of mankind induce them to accept with eagerness, while they assume the garb of phi losophical abstractions to cover their nastiness in deference to a contemptible and universal hypo crisy. " Who fills the butchers' shops with large blue flies ?" Assuredly the New England demon who has been persecuting the South till its intolerable cruelty and insolence forced her, in a spasm of agony, to rend her chains asunder. The New Eng lander mast have something to persecute, and as he has hunted down all his Indians, burnt all his witches, and persecuted all his opponents to the death, he invented Abolitionism as the sole resource left to him for the gratification of his favourite pas sion. Next to this motive principle is his desire to make money dishonestly, trickily, meanly, and shabbily. He has acted on it in all his relations with the South, and has cheated and plundered her in all his dealings by villanous tariffs. If one ob jects that the South must have been a party to this, because her boast is that her statesmen have ruled the Government of the country, you are told that the South yielded out of pure good-nature. Now, however, she will have free trade, and will open the coasting trade to foreign nations, and shut out from it the }sated Yankees, who so long monopolised and made their fortunes by it. Under all the varied burdens and miseries to which-.e was subjected, the South held fast to her sheet anchor. South Carolina was the mooring ground in which it found the surest hold. The doctrine of State Rights was her salvation, and the fiercer the storm raged against her—the more stoutly demagogy, immigrant preponderance, and the blasts of universal suffrage bore down on her, threatening to sweep away the vested interests of the South in her right to govern the States—the greater was her confidence and the more resolutely she held on her cable. The North attracted " hordes of ignorant Germans and Irish," and the scum of Europe, while the South repelled them. The industry, the capital of the North in creased with enormous rapidity, under the influence of cheap labour and manufacturing ingenuity and enterprise, in the villages which swelled into towns, and the towns which became cities, under the unen vious eye of the South. She, on the contrary, toiled on slowly, clearing forests and draining swamps to find new cotton-grounds and rice-fields for the em ployment of her only industry and for the develop ment of her only capital—" involuntary labour." The tide of immigration waxed stronger, and by degrees she saw the districts into which she claimed the right to introduce that capi tal closed against her, and occupied by free labour. The doctrine of squatter " sove reignty," and the force of hostile tariffs, which placed a heavy duty on the very articles which the South most required, completed the measure of injuries to which she was subjected, and the spirit of discon tent found vent in fiery debate, in personal insults, and in acrimonious speaking and writing, which increased in intensity in proportion as the Abolition movement, and the contest between the Federal principle and State Rights, became more vehement. I am desirous of showing in a few words, for the information of English readers, how it is that the Confederacy which Europe knew simply as a political entity has succeeded in dividing itself. The Slave States held the doctrine, or say they did, that each State was independent as France or as England, but that for certain purposes they chose a common agent to deal with foreign nations, and to impose taxes for the purpose of paying the ex penses.of the agency. We, it appears, talked of American citizens when there were no such beings at all. There were, indeed, citizens of the sove reign State of South Carolina, or Georgia or Florida, who permitted themselves to pass under that designation, but it was merely as a matter of personal convenience. It will be difficult for Euro peans to understand this doctrine, as nothing like it has been heard before, and no such Confederation of sovereign States has ever existed in any country in the world. The Northern men deny that it existed here, and claim for the Federal Government powers not compatible with such assumptions. they have lived for the Union, they served it, they laboured for and made money by it. A man as a New York man was nothing —as an American citizen he was a great deal. A South Carolinian objected to lose his identity in any description which included him and a " Yankee clockmaker" in the same category. The Union was against him ; he remembered that he came from a race of English gentlemen who had been persecuted by the representatives—for he will not call them the ancestors—of the Puritans of New England, and ho thought that they were animated by the same hostility to himself. He was proud of old names, and he felt pleasure in tracing his connexion with old families in the old country. His plantations were held by old charters, or had been in the hands of his fathers for several generations ; and he delighted to remem ber that, when the Stuarts were banished from their throne and their country, the burgesses of South Carolina had solemnly elected the wandering Charles King of their State, and had offered him an asylum and a kingdom. The philosophical his torian may exercise his ingenuity in conjecturing lot what would have b een t h e resu l t if t h e f ug i t i ve h a d carried his fortun es to Charleston. South Carolina con t a i ns 34,0 0 0 square m il es an d a population of 720,000 i n h a bit an t s , o f w h om 385,000 are black sla ves . I n t h e o ld re b e lli on it wa s distracted between r evo l ut i onary pr i nc i p l es an d th e loyalist predilections, an d a t l eas t one -h a lf o f the planters were faithf u l t o G eorge 111 ., nor did th ey yield till Washingto n sent an army to suppor t th e i r antagonists and dro ve th em f rom t h e co l ony . In my next letter I s h a ll g i ve a b r i e f accoun t o f a visit to some of the plant ers , as f ar a s it c an be made c onsistent with the obli gat i ons w hi c h th e r it es an d rights of hospitality impose on the guest as well as u pon the host. Thes e gen tlemen are well-bred, co urteous, and hospitabl e . A genuine aristocracy, they have time to cultivate their minds , to apply themselves to politics and the guidance of public affairs. They travel and read, love field sports , racing, h orseme n, and good shots. But, after all, their State is e a r mi, shooting, daenrdh n sipt a Sparta hunting, nothing an d fi s hi n g, are bold an aristocracy resting on a h else to rest upon. Al- though they profess (and I believe, indeed, sincerely) to hold opinions in opposition to the opening of the slave trade, it is nevertheless true that the cause in the constitution of the Confederate States which pro hibited the importation of negroes was especially and energetically resisted by them, be . cause, as they say, that slavery was in iittsseelefmanedevitloahned a a n wr a e d n u g li - ss l io l n eir whole system rests on slavery, and as s uch th ey defend it. They en tertain very exaggerated ideas of the military strength of their little community, although one may do full justice to its military spirit. Out of their whole population they canno t rec kon more than 60,000 h01e adult men h -y any arithmetic, and as there are nearly 30,000 plantations which must be, according to law , s u perintended by white men, a considerable number of these adults cannot be spared from the State for service in the open field. The planters boast that they can raise their crops without any inconvenience by the labour of their negroes, and they seem confident that the negroes will work without superintendence. But the expe riment is rather dangerous, and it will only be tried in the last extremity. SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, MAY 1. It is said that " fools build houses for wise men to live in." Be that true or not, it is certain that " Uncle Sam" has built strong places for his enemies to occupy. To-day I visited Fort Pulaski, which defends the mouth of the Savannah river and the approaches to the city. It was left to the care of itself, and the Georgians quietly s t e pp e d i n to it, and have been busied in completing its defences, so that it is now capable of stopping a fleet very effectuql ly. Pulaski was a Pole who fell in the defence of Savannah against the British, and whose memory is perpetuated in the name of the fort, which is now under the Confederate flag and garrisoned by bitter foes of the United States. Among our party were Commodore Tatnall, whose name will be familiar to English ears in connexion with the attack on the Peiho Ports, where the gallant American showed the world that " blood was thicker than water ;" Brigadier-General Lawton, in command of the forces of Georgia, and a number of naval and military officers, of whom many had be longed to the United States' regular services. It was strange to look at such a man as the Com modore, who for 49 long years had served under the Stars and Stripes, quietly preparing to meet his old comrades and friends, if needs be, in the battle field—his allegiance to the country and to the flag renounced, his long service flung away, his Old ties and connexions severed—and all this in defence of the sacred right of rebellion on the part of " his State." He is not now, nor has he been for years, a slaveowner ; all his family and familiar associations connect him with the North. There are no naval stations on the Southern coasts except one at Pensacola, and he knows almost no one in the South. He has no fortune whatever, his fleet con sists of two small river or coasting steamers, with out guns, and as he said, in talking over the re sources of the South, " My bones will be bleached many a long year before the Confederate Stattsca.n hope to have a navy." " State Rights !" To us the question is simply inexplicable or absurd. And yet thousands of Americans sacrifice all for it. The river at Savannah is broad as the Thames at Graves end, and resembles that stream very much in the colour of its waters and the level nature of its shores. Ricefields bound it on either side, as far Sown as the influence of the fresh water extends, and the eye wanders over a flat expanse of mud and water and green osiers and rushes, till its search is arrested on the horizon by the unfailing line of forest. In the fields here and there are the white washed square wooden huts in which the slaves dwell, looking very like the beginnings of the camp in the Crimea. At one point a small fort, covering a creek, by which gunboats could get up behind Savannah, displayed its " garrison" on the walls, and lowered its flag to salute the small blue ensign at the fore which proclaimed the presence of the Commo dore of the Naval Forces of Georgia on board our steamer. The guns on the parapet were mostly fieldpieces, mounted on frameworks of wood instead of regular carriages. There is no mistake about the spirit of these people. They seize upon every spot of vantage ground and prepare it for defence. There were very few ships in the river ; the yacht Camilla, better known as the America, the property of Capt. Deasy, and several others of those few sailing under British colours, for most of the cotton ships are gone. Atter steaming down the river about 12 miles the sea opened out to the sight, and on a long marshy narrow island near the bar, which was marked by the yellowish surf, Fort Pulaski threw out the Con fedetate flag to the air of the Georgian Ist of May. The water was too shallow to permit the steamer to go up to the jetty, and the party landed at the wharf in boats. A guard was on duty at the landing —tall, stout young fellows, in various uniforms, or in rude mufti, in which the Garibaldian red shirt and felt slouched hats predominated. They were armed with smooth-bore muskets (date 1851), quite new, and their bayonets, barrels, and locks were bright and clean. The officer on duty was dressed in the blue frockcoat dear to the British Linesman in days gone by, with brass buttons, emblazoned with the arms of the State, a red silk sash, and glazed kepi, and straw-coloured gauntlets. Several wooden huts, with flower gardens in front, were occupied by the officers of the garrison ; others were used as hospitals, and were full of men suffering from measles of a mild type. A few minutes' walk led us to the fort, which is an irregular pentagon, with the base line or curtain face inlands, and the other faces casemated and bearing on the approaches. The curtain, which is simply crenellated, is covered by a Redan surrounded by a deep ditch, inside The parapet of which are granite platforms ready for the reception of guns. The parapet is thick, and the scarp and counter-scarp are faced with solid masonry. A drawbridge affords access to the inte rior of the Redan, whence the gate of the fort is approached across a deep and broad moat, which is crossed by another drawbridge. As the Commodore entered the Redan the guns of the fort broke out into a long salute, and the band at the gate struck up almost as noisy a welcome. Inside, the parade presented a scene of life and animation very unlike the silence of the city we had left. Men were busy clearing out the casemates, rolling away stores and casks of ammunition and provisions, others were at work at the gin and shears, others building sand bag traverses to guard the magazine doors, as though expecting an immediate attack. Many officers were strolling under the shade of the open gallery at the side of the curtain which contained their quarters in the lofty bomb proof casemates. Some of them had seen service in Mexican or border warfare; some had travelled over Italian and Cri mean battle fields; others were West Point graduates of the regular army; others young planters, clerks, or civilians who had rushed with ardour into the First Georgian Regiment. The garrison of the fort is 650 men, and fully that number were in and about the work, their tents being pitched inside the Redan or on the terreplein of the parapets. The walls are exceed ingly solid and well built of hard gray brick, strong as iron, upwards of six feet in thickness, the case mates and bombproofs being lofty, airy, and capa cious as any I have ever seen, though there is not quite depth enough between the walls at the salient and the gun-carriages. The work is intended for 128 gnus, of which about one-fourth are mounted on the casemates. They are long 32's with a few 42's and columbiads. The armaments will be exceedingly heavy when all the guns are mounted, and they are fast getting the 10-inch columbiads into position en barbette. Everything which could be required, except mortars, was in abundance—the platforms and gun-carriages are solid and well made, the em brasures of the casemates are admirably constructed, and the:ventilation of the bombproof carefully pro vided for. There are three furnaces for _heating red hot shot. Nor is discipline neglected, and the offi cers sharp w in with h tone wh o a m n d I m w a e n n n t e r r o t u o n d t h t e h i r e mw en n r k s a s w e v r o e l u a n s . teers well could be, though the latter often are en listed for only three years by the State of Georgia. An excellent lunch was spread in the casemated bombproof which served es the colonel's quarter, and before sunset the party were steaming towards Savannah through a tideway full of leaping stur geon and porpoises, leaving the garrison intent on the approach of a large ship, which had her sails aback off the bar and hoisted the Stars and Stripes, but which turned out to be nothing more formidable than a Liverpool cotton ship. It will take some hard blows before Georgia is driven to let go her grip of Fort Pulaski. The channel is very narrow and passes close to the guns of the fort. The means of completing the armament have been furnished by the stores of Norfolk Navy-yard, where between 700 and 800 guns have fallen into the hands of the Confederates; and, if there are no columbiads among them, the Merrimac and other ships, which have been raised, as we hear, with guns uninjured, will yield up their Dahlgrens to turn their muzzles against their old masters. MAY 2. May-day was so well kept yesterday that the exhausted editors cannot "bring out" their papers, and consequently there is no news; but there is nevertheless much to be said concerning Our President's" Message, and there is a suddenness of admiration for pacific tendencies wh ich can with difficulty be accounted for, unless the news from the North these last few days has something to do w ith it. Not a word now about an instant march on Washington, no wore threats to seize on Fauna- 12s 489 486 14s