The Sun. — London, England, 1861-10-22 00:00:00

METROPOLITAN AND PROVINCIAL BANK (Limited). NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That no application for Shares in this Company will be received after THIS DAY (TUESDAY), the By 22d order of the Board. POPE cox, secretary. Temporary Offices, 27, Gresham-street, E.C. BANK OF DEPOSIT. (Established A.D. 1844.) 'No. 3, PALL MALL EAST, LONDON. Prospectuses and Forms for Opening Accounts sent i ree on application. •••••• PETER MORRISON, Managing Director. ANNUITIES. NATIONAL ASSURANCE AND INVESTMENT ASSOCIATION, 3, PALL-MALL EAST, LONDON. Empowered by Special Act of Parliament, 17 Vic., cap. 43. ESTABLISHED A.D. 1811. IMMEDIATE ANNUITIES granted on very favourable terms. The Tables for Reversionary and Deferred Annuities Are particularly deserving of attention, whether regarded as a means of providing for a particular individual, or as a re source against the casualties of age and the uncertainties of health and fortune. PETER MORRISON, Managing Director. Prospectuses sent free on application. CONTRACT FOR ITALIAN HEMP. Department of the Storekeeper General of the Navy, Somerset Place, 15th Oct., 1861. frHE COMMISSIONERS for EXECUTING the -I- OFFICE of LORD HIGH ADMIRAL of the UNITED KINGDOM of GREAT BRITAIN and IRELAND, DO HEREBY GIVE NOTICE, That on TUESDAY, thh such e 29th inst., at Two o'Clock. they w ill be ready to treat wit Persons as may be willing to Contract for supplying ITALIAN HEMP, to be delivered at her Majesty's Dock Yards, according to a distribution, which, with a Form of the Tender, may be seen at the said Office. No Tender will be received after Two o'clock on the day of treaty, nor will any be noticed unless the party attends, or an agent for him dul y authorised in writing. Every Tender must be addressed to the Secretary of the Admiralty, and bear in the left-hand corner the deliver " Ten der for Italian Hemp ;" and must also beed at Somerset-place. AR MY CONTRACTS.—Tenders will be received at this Office until noon on the sth of November, from persons who may be willing to enter into Contracts to supply BREAD AND MEAT, In such quantities as may be required, for the use of her Ma jesty's Land Forces stationed in the following - places, from Ist December, 1861, to 31st May, 1862:- 1. Brompton House. Hyde Park, and Kensington. 2. Regent's Park, St. John'e-wood, and Portman-street Barracks. 3. Wellington Barracks, Horse Guards, Bueldngham Palace, and St. George's Barracks. 4. Tower. 5. Hounslow and Kneller 6. Hampton Court. 7. Windsor. 8. Brighton, with Coast Forts from Newhaven. to Shoreham. 9. Croydon. 10.' Sandhurst. Separate Tenders for Bread, and for Meat, must be made for each of the above-mentioned Stations or Barracks as separately grouped and numbered. Forms of Tender, and Conditions of Contract, may be qbtained on application at this Office, by letter or in person, between the hours of 10 and 4 o'clock. Tenders on the printed forms must be properly filled up and Moiled, and delirered at the under-mentioned nder Office for, under closed envelope (marked on the outside "Te Commissariat Supplies,") before noon on the sth November next. W. T. POWER, Deputy Commissary General. Deputy Commissary-General's Office, 5, New-street, Spring-gardens. London, S.W., Ist October, 1861. B 0 YAL NATIONAL LIFE-B OAT INSTITUTION FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIFE FROM SHIPWRECK, (Incorporated by Royal Charter). Founded in 1824.—Supported by Voluntary Contributions. PATRONESS—Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. PRESIDENT—Vice -Admiral his Grace the Duke of Northum berland, K.G., F.R.S. CHAIRMAN—Thos. Baring, Esq., M.P., F.R.S., V.P., Chair man of Lloyd's. DEPUTY-CIIAIRMAN —Thomas Chapman, Esq., F.R.S., V•P., Chairman of Lloyd's Registry of British and Foreign Shipping Society. APPEA4 The Committee of Management Tiave to state that, during the past year, the Institution has incurred expenses amount ing to £6,258 is. on the following Life-boat stations : ENGLAND. Llandudno, Carnarvonshire• Newbiggin, Northumberland. Southport, Lancashire. Saltburn, Yorkshire. Lytham, .. Filey, „ Silloth, Cumberland. Caistor, Norfolk. SCOTLAND. A Aldborough, Suffolk. yr:, Ayrshire. Margate, Kent. Irvine, Widmer. „ Kantyre, 'Argyleshire. Selsey, West Sussex. Buckle, Banffshire. Grange, Isle of Wight. Banff, 11 Brooke, 11 St. Andrew's, Fifeshire. Penzance, Cornwall North Berwick, Haddington- St. Ives, •• shire. Newquay, „ IRELAND. Penarth, Glamorganshire. Portrush, Antrim. Llandwyn, Anglesey. Tyrella, Dundrum Bay. The Institution has also expended on the repairs, stores, alterations, and inspection of its numerous Life-boats, Boat houses, and Transporting-carriages, £3,632. BN. ; and £1,550 for exercising the Crews of its Life-boats—making altogether a. total of £11,141. During the past year the Life-boats of the Institution have been instrumental in rescuing the Crews of the following Wrecked Vessels : Schooner Ann Mitchell, of Mn Schooner Jane Roper, ofolllve o rs t t r o o n s e e •• .. Brie; Pallas, of Shields Ship Ann Mitcliou, of c: f;.g ;• • • ' • z v Smack John Bull , of Yarinotiio. :: Catherine, of • • Barque Schooner Niagara, of Shields Newry • ••• • • A Barge of Teignmouth Brig George and James, of London • • Brig Zephyr, of Whitby C o ble Honour, of Cullerc oats • • •• cliooner Eliza, of North Shields • • • •• . L B arqu e Oberon, ofLiverpool • • Br i gan tine Nancy, of T Srn ack Wonder, of Teignmouth • • • • Brig Scotia, of Sunderland .. • • • • Sloop Three Brothers, of Goole • • • • Sloop Charlotte, of Woodbridge .. • • Brig Ann, of Of • • • • . • .. Sloop Hope, of Dublin •• Schooner Druid, of Aberystwyth •_ • • :Barqu e Vermont, of Hali fax, U.S. .. • • Schooner William Keith, of Carnarvon .. B r ig Flying Fish , of Whitby : • •• • • Smac k Elizabeth Ann , of L y me Re g is Steam Dredge, at Newhaven • • • • • • Schooner Admiral Hood, of Rochester . • Schooner Susan and Isabella, of Dundee • • Schooner Rose, of Lynn •• •• •• B r ig Prodroma, of St ockton •• • • • • • Brig Eliza, of Middlesborough Brigantine Freia, of Nonig,sberg .. • • Brigantine Diana, of F r edrikshamn Brig G l ouce ster, of South Shields .• .. 1 .. 6 - 3 .. 9 .. 3 .. 11 . . 7 .. 13 . . 7 .. 7 Total .. • • • • ..210 For these and other Life-boat services the Institution has oted £9OB Bs. 4d. as re wards. It has also granted rewards mounting, to £203 4s. for saving, 245 shipwrecked persons, by ahore-boats and other means, making a total of 455 persons raved from a watery grave on the Coasts of the United Kingdom. During the present year (1851), the Life - bo ats of the Insti -1 ution have also been instrumental in rescuing the Crews of the following Vessels : Br i g Lovely Nelly , of Seaham •• • • • .„ 5 .. 6 • • • :Brigantine Nugget, of Bideford • •Schooner Prosp,2ct, of Berwick Sloo p Thomas and Ja ne, of St. Ives .. 4 3 A Fishing-boat of Whitburn Brig Arethusa, of Blyth •Schoone r Dewi Wvn , of Portmadoc ••• .. s 2 Flat Cymraes, of Beaumaris . • • • Schooner William, of Morecambe • • • • . . 5 Smack Gipsy, of Newry Schooner Marga ret Anne, of Preston •• • .• A B r ig New Dr a p er, of Whitehaven • • • • .. Schooner William, of Liverpool • • • • .. Lu.,-(TerNmrod, of Castletown • Brig P r ovidence, of Shields • • Brig Dfayflower, of Newcastle F e hooner Village Maid, of Fleetwood 13arq ue Guyina, of Glasgow .. • • • • •• 1, Br i g Boman Empress, of Shields ..• .. 10 Brig San ,t-lpirid , one, of Galaxide Schoone r Voador du Vouga, of Vianna •• • •.. 8 French Brig La Jeune Marie Therese• Barque Perseverance, of Scarborough .. .. 5 4 Schooner Elizabeth, of Bridgewater • Shp Danube, of Belfast ,sobooner. Hortensia, of Hanover • • . 4 Schooner Oregon, of Stonehaven • • • • ••• :Brig St Michel, of Marans • • . •• • • Spanish Barque Primera de Torreviega (saved ves sel and one of the crew) • Schooner Hurrell, of Penzance (saved vessel and crew) • • " • • • • Brig Anne. of Plymouth (saved vessel and crew) 8 Schoone r Betsy, of Sunderland (saved vessel and cr ew) • • " • • • • Barque Frederick, of Dublin • _ Barq ue Peace, of London . . 6 .. 1 ell 2 Total .. ..200 - - The public cannot but sympathise with the vigorous efforts now being made by this Institution to save the lives of Ship- Their help was never more needed than at hen th h I twhreeepkreedseCnrtegine, w_ ~ rougextraordinary exertions the Society has made within the past few years, it has now One Hundred and Fifteen Life-boats under Its management, for them aintenance of which, In a state of thorough efficiency. a large permanent annual income is absolutely needed, if its humane mission is to be perpetuated. Donations and Annual Su' scriptions will be thankfully rc ceived by Messrs. Willis, Percival, and Co., 76, Lombard street ; Messrs• Coutts and Co., 59, Strand ; Messrs. Herries, Farquhar, and Co., 1.0, St. 3 - dines's-street, London ; by a 1 E,q., at the Office of tbc Institution, 14, the Bankers in the United Kingdom ; and by the Secretary, Richard Lewis, John-street, Adelphi, London, W.C. Payments maybe made by Cheques or by Post-office Orders crossed), to Messrs. W.llls, Percival, and Co., or to the Score- DR. CURTIS' MEDICAL WORK, MANHOOD: A MEDICAL ESSAY ON SPERMATORRII A (E — NER VOUS AND GEN ERATIVE DEBILITY, &c,' Just Published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates, in a sealed envelope, price la., Sold stain Booksellers, and d ent post paid , by the A u thor, for 1 2 ps, It/ A NHOOD: the CA USE and CURE of PRE .' T_L MATURE DECLINE IN MAN, with Plain Directions for Perfect Restoration to Health and Vigour. By Dr. J. L . Cunns, 15, Alberrnarle-street,ENTS: Piccadilly, London. CONT INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER on the Physiological st ruc t u re and Funct ions of the Reproductive Organs. l CHAP TER IT.—Caus es of vSapnegrewirsatootrNrhec;a eactnci Impotence;. E ar ly Vicious Indulgences; CHAPTER lII.—A Review of the various Disqualifi Abuse,cations o f Marriage; wh ether rcsultin, from Youthful the Follies of Maturity, the Effectsnof Climate, or Infection. CHAPTERS IV. and V. o the modern Treatment of Gonorrhma and Syphili 8. The Book concludes with numerous varied and interesting ases, to which is added the Author's recipe of a preventive Lotion. REVIEWS 01' THE WORK. on Manhoo d. —This is a truly valuable work, and ‘` Curtis s h ou ld be in t h e hands of you n g and old."—" Sunday Thum,' 23d 51arcli, 1856. "The author has conferred. a great boon by publishing' this little Work. in which is described the source of those diseases hich produce decline in youth or more frequently premature w ~ ~ play Telegraph," March 2Z 1856. old age. ~ This dark,which for twenty years has stood the test of andsympathisintigcism m anner on pirical the various hostility, disqualifications and impediments arising from nervous excitement and de bility ; and to invalids suffering from youthful errors and . excesses it will be found valuable and useful."—Record. London : Published by J. Allen, 20, Warwick Lane, P ater noster-row; Mann, RP, Cornhill. Kolas of Consultation -1 0 to 3 and 6to 6; SuAdays, 10 till 2 ' N°. 21,625 PUBLICATIONS. Just ready, in 2 vols., Bvo., with Portrait, &C., THE LIFE AND CORRESPONDENCE OF ADMIRAL SIR CHARLES NAPIER, K.G.B. From his Private Papers. By MAJOR-GENERA L ELERS NAPIER. Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street, THE NEW NOVEL, Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., THE HOME AT ROSEFIELD, By EDWARD COPPING, Also now ready, in 3 vols., COUNTY SOCIETY. A Novel. Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street. SIR J. E. TENNENT'S NEW WORK ON CEYLON. On Thursday, Nov. 7, will be published, in 1 vol. post Svo., with numerous Illustrations engraval on Wood from Original Drawings, `KETCHES of the NATURAL HISTORY of 1 1 / 4 -1 CEYLON; with Narratives and Anecdotes illustrative of the Habits and Insi filets of the Mammalla, Birds, Reptiles, Fishes. Insects, dm, including a Monograph of the Elephant, and a Description of the modes of Capturing and Training it. By Sir J. EMERSON TENNENT, K.C.S., LL.D., &C. London : Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts. Price Sixpence or Post Free for Seven Stamps. INDIAN RAILWAY AND INDUS FLOTILLA GUARANTEES, examined and found to be delusive, with extracts from the Official Contracts. Second Edition, with an enquiry into the validity of Debentures. By JAMES MILLS, London : Mann Nephews, 39, Cornhill. NOW READY.—NEW POCKET BOOK. THE CHURCHMAN'S POCKET BOOK , FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD 1862. Containing a Diary—References to the Lessons of each Day —Cash Account, etc., &c., and a great amount of information on matters generally interesting to Churchmen. Price TWO SHILLINGS. SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOW LEDGE.—DEro.ironino: London, 77, Great Queen street, Lincoln's-inn-fields, W.C. ; 4, Royal Exchange, 1 , 7,.C.; 1(1, Hanover-street, Hanover-square, W.; and by all Booksellers. Now ready, price 2s. 6d., MADAME CAPLIN'S Large and Beautifully Illustrated WOltli on HEALTH and BEAUTY, or Corsets and Clothing adapted to the Human Body. By the same Author, Woman and Her Wants. Price le. Darton and Co., Holborn-hill, and from the Author, 68, Berners-street, Oxford-street, W. T HE PRESENT DISTRESS IN TRADE fully explained in J. GROSSMITIPS " GOVERNMENT UPON FIRST PRINCIPLES." The cause is there predicated of the monetary difficulties ex perienced in 18GO. The Crisis is at hand. Anxiety in bus ness has now become the grim torture. Purity of motive. intelligently exercised, must animate all Governments, or all is lost, All denominations of Constitutions are carefully examined in J. Grossmith's "Government upon First Prin ciples." Kent and Co., Paternoster-row. Just published, Bvo, in cloth, price 5 5., by post free , ss. ed., ON THE SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT of STRICTURES of the URETHRA ; showing why they so often appear Incurable, when in reality they might be removed by the most simple means. By F. B. COURTENAY, M.R.C.S.E., And formerly Surgeon to the Metropolitan Infirmary for the Cure of Strictures of the Urethra. _ - - " This work is the production of a surgeon whose special attention has been directed, through a long professional life, to the treatment of strictures of the urethra. The cases which Mr. Courtenay has given supply ample evidence of his great discriminative power in the diagnosis of the various kinds of stricture, and of the scientific principles upon which their management is founded. By his systematic management an immense mitigation of pain to the unhappy sufferers is attained, and future mischief prevented. The work we can most unreservedly and confidently recommend as a valuab. contribution, both to the general and professional reader, and ought to be found in the private study of all who are subject to stricture."—Medical Circular. London: H. Bail Here, 219, Regent-strcet; ARGYLL ROOMS.—GREAT SUCCESS !! The Band and Musical arrangements under the direc tion of M. BOULCORT, Conductor and principal Cornet. In addition to the Laurent Valse, Strauss ,ivadrille, and novel ties of last week, A NEW POLKA, by M. Boulcourt, the Solos performed by him and M. Greebe. Admission is.— Manager, M. P. Grenet. OLDRIDGE'S BALM of COLUMBIA is the most certain remedy for restoring and strengthening the hair. By it whiskers and moustaches are produced and beautified. Ladies will find it especially valuable, as the most delicate head-dress or bonnet can be worn without fear of soiling. Sold in bottles, 3s. 6d., Gs., and lls. C. and A. OLDRIDGE, 22, Wellington-street, Strand. By post. Is., THE MEDICAL CONFIDANT on Midwifery, Pregnancy, the Disappointments in ➢carriage, and other ailments peculiar to Ladies. Female Obstruction fm„ . , dates DE,. co tt,..17,. A l i am - 8, GROSVENOR-STREET, GROSVENOR-SQUARE. ALL CONSULTATIONS FREE. RTIFICIAL TEETH on a NEW and IM PROVED PRINCIPLE, at TEN SHILLINGS EACII TOOTH (including all charges.) Mr. ESKELL'S PATE NTED INVENTION (protected by her Majesty's Royal Seal, July, 1800), for adapting Arti ficial Teeth, from one to a complete set, by Self-Adhesion, are fixed without springs or fastening, without pain or ex traction, restore perfect articulation and mastication, ren dering detection impossible, and last a lifetime. "Unrivalled for its utilityand economy."—Morning Post. "An admirable contrivance for remedying the defects of nature, without requiring new sets of teeth."—Sun. Decayed Teeth Stopped, Loose Teeth Fastened, Discoloured Teeth Restored, &c. Constant Daily Attance at 8, Grosvenor street, Grosyernor-square, London; Old Steine, Brighton; Bennett's-hill, Birmingham RUPTURES.-BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT. WHITE'S MOC-MAIN LEVER TRUSS (PERFECTED AND EXHIBITED IN TIIE GREAT ExmnrrioN or 1851), is allowed by upwards of Two Hundred Medical Gentlemen to be the most effective invention in the curative treatment of 11 EItN I A. The use of a steel spring, so often hurtful in its effects, is here avoided—a soft bandage being worn round the body, while the requisite resisting power is supplied by the Moe-Main Pad and Patent Lever, fitting with so much case and closeness that it cannot be detected, and may be worn during sleep. A descriptive circular may be had,", and the truss, which cannot fail to fit, forwarded by post, on the cir cumference of the body, two inches below the hips, being sent to the manufacturer, Mr. WHITE, 228, Piccadilly. A Single Truss, 10s., 215., 20s. 6d., and 31s. 6d. Postage, is. A. Doublo Truss, 31s. 6d., 425., and Os. Bd. Postage, is Bd. An Umbilical Truss, 425. and 525. 6d. Postage, is. 10d. Post-office Orders to be made payable to John White,-Post office, Piccadilly. C I LASTIC STOCKINGS, KNEE-CAPS, & e ., f or 1-1 Varicose Veins and all cases of Weakness and Swelling of the Legs, Sprains, &c. They are porous, light in texture, and inexpensive, and are drawn on like an'ordinary stocking. Price 4s. 6d., 7s. 6d., 10s., and 16s. each. Postage 6d. JOHN WHITE, Manufacturer, 228,:Piccadilly. GIVEN AWAY TO NERVOUS SUFFERERS. H ENRY SMITH. M.D., of the University of Jena, has just published, for the benefit of Nervous Sufferers, a FREE EDITION of his valuable work, THE WARNING VOICE TO YOUNG MEN (120 pages). A medical work on the cure of Nervous Debility, Loss of Memory, Dimness of Sight, Lassitude, Indigestion, Dislike to Society, Spermatorrhcea, Local Weakness, Muscular Re laxation, Languor, Listlessness, Depression, &c., 'which, if neglected, result In consumption, insanity, and premature death; with plain directions for perfect restoration to health and vigour. The book will be sent, post free, secure from obl nervation, to any address, on receipt of a directed envelope and two stamps. Address, HENRY SMITH, M.D., b, Burton crescent, Tavistock-square, London, W.C. THE VIGOUR OF YOUTH RESTORED IN 1 FOUR WEEKS by Dr. RICORD'S ESSENCE OF LIFE. This wonderful agent will restore manhood to the most shattered constitution, whether arising from self-pollution, excesses, nocturnal emissions, the effects of climate, or natu ral causes. The time required to cure the most inveterate case is four weeks ; and, if used according to the printed in structions (which are very simple), failure is impossible. This life-restoring remedy should be taken by all about to marry, as its effects are permanent. It is acknowledged by the medical press to be the greatest discovery ever made. Success in every case is as certain as that water quenches thirst Dr. Ricord's Essence of Life 16 sold in cases, with full in structions for use, at ils., or four quantities in one for 335., and may be sent to any part of the world, carefully packed, en receipt of remittance stamps. Sole Afents in London—Front and Co., Patent Medt2ine Warehouse, 229, Strand (near Temple-bar). (Entered at Stationers' Hall.) 3, GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET, W., NEAR THE PANTHEON. CULVERWELL, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Licentiate of Midwifery, and Apo thecaries' Hall, London, can be consulted daily (only) as above, on all oases of Nervous Debility, Languor, Incapacity, Loss of Memory, Sterility, and all Functional Derangements of both Sexes,-emanating from early and ,esoessive indul enoesl Has Just published, price ls. ; by post, 13 Stamps; 13 sealed, No. 4, An entire new and original Work, entitled OURSELVES. Synopsis: The Physiology and Anatomy of our Generation —The Origin of Disease—Symptoms, Treatment, and Cure. A Imo, an Exposition oi. and Remedy for, all Urinary Derange ments and Marital Disqualifications, MALE. The modern treatment of Syphilis, Stricture. Blennorrhagia (Gonorrhoea), Sperrnatorrheca, Impotency, and all DAMO of 'he Urinary Organs, with Prescriptions, dze4 FEMALE. The Physiology and Anatomy of Women—Functional Ir regularities in Health and Sickness—Choice in Marriage— T heir Expectancies and Disappointments—The Cause and. Removal of Sterility—The Theory and Symptoms of: Gesta tion—Use of the Speculum. Also, No. 1. HEALTH, HAPPINESS, and LONGEVITY; On Debility, Nervousness, Dyspepsia, and Indigestion; No. 2. LOVE AND MARRIAGE : Their Obligations, Happiness, and Disappointments; Love nd other Matches. Sterility Removed, and Healthy Off piing secured.; No. t. THE CASE BOOK': 100 Cases of SPERIVIATORRHCEA; Their Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment, Confession and Cure uy7tauterisations, Galvanism, Ste. &o. To be had of Mann, 39, Cornhill ; and the Authors. Advice to the Workinu Classes fee Haff-a-Guines; (SPECIAL NOTICE.) Dr. Culrerwell is the only legally qualified medical practi tioner living of that name, .and oral ho ooneulted (only as OfoTe.) ;4‘z • • • • V I LI N.'t . . • ' "A2441/4. • _ 4 C - r.„_• •~" 032. 41,41 - 4 4 , itn+ . t. 9? A\C" l l, 7: :1 . " 0.• • • ce • , 4 4 "; • i ' l ' l )sl - oi • 1;0 4 :4" #S , J , ....„ ing> or service after a turn in Italy said to me the other day, " Why, sir, I've seen offi cers of cavalry here who don't know how to get upon a horse, to sit him, or to get down when they are on. They don't know how to draw their swords or return them when drawn." But the gunner was rather a Zoilus. To have so many officers with some idea of their duty is the marvel. SITUATION OF THE FEDERAL TROOPS. The more I look at the situation the more the difficulties of Gen. M'Clellan's position grew upon me. He has not sufficient troops, considering their inexperience, to divide his army just now into two bodies—one to proceed against the enemy, the other adequate to hold the works round Washing ton, and to make them quite safe in case of a re verse or a regular assault. It is quite certain that the Confederates have fallen back ,upon Manassas, and are there in very great force. It is just close enough to Washington to render it impossible for M'Clellan to move an army out on either flank with out bringing on an action which must lead him to face the old position of the Confederates from Bull's Run and Manassas to the hills on their left, covering the approaches to Richmond. Although the Mary landers may be discontented, there would be no manifest inconsistency in Beauregard remaining still and inviting attack, whereas the programme of the North must be carried out by offensive opera. tions by an invading army. Sooner or later M'Clellan must begin to move, and I think that in eight :or ten days from this time he will make a demonstration to feel the force of the enemy, which may lead to a general action, or may decide him to try the fortune of war by changing his position and operating in another quarter. An English subject who has just arrived from Richmond says that there has been a good deal of sickness among the troops, but that they are rapidly recovering, that food is plentiful, and that the men are well clad, in the best spirits, and perfectly confident of victory. The talk in the army indicated an advance against Newport News, and against Fortress Monroe from Hampton. The latter must prove a tremendous blunder. Nothing short of a siege can reduce the work. The Norfolk navy-yard was a scene of great activity ; all the sunken vessels had been raised, and nearly all were fit for service, and it was expected they would run past the fortress and get out to sea, where they may operate a serious diversion. Certainly, if they do, the United States' officers must have lost the art of "keeping a bright lookout, for which they are not undistinguished. The escape of the steamer Bermuda from Savannah, if true, is another instance of the weakness of the blockading power or of the neglect of the officers. Her cargo was invaluable to the Confederates; among other necessaries were 70 tons of gunpowder, the supplies of which, owing to the want of sulphur, were very short in their army. PRICE. ,4d. STAMPED ....sd. mass, but utterly destructive to your peace if you want to drive in a priv ate carriage. The stuff out of which an aristocracy could be formed does not exist to any extent ; the Upper Ten Thousand with all their graces, wealth, and luxury—their accom plishments of good breeding—do not desire to and could not march in the mail of Hove ands, Lindsays, or the Montmorencis. So far Republicanism is safe. We do not either f ear , h a t e , or envy it; but we look militarywith m u much despotism.anxiety to it and to constitutional lib er ty IN s r e o e re th d a a t m it a d g o e es ha n s et b b e c e c n om do e ne a by the suppression of all by and the by treatises the in lettres de cac 7 tet of women and b a bbli ng Seces sionists news p ap e rswe. e a incarc H eration i opne pen under in all than the newspapers of England. In some measure apropos of this matter, let me say that on Saturday a gentleman, who informed me ho was special cor respondent for one of your contemporaries, waited upon me in some degree of trepidation and made the following statement :—He had been at Rich mond with the Confederates, but a short time ago came up here by way of fortress Munroe under a flag of truce. Having a letter to General Scott, he obtained a pass to visit the lines acrose the Potomac, and had availed himself of it on the previous day. Before he was out of bed in the morning an officer entered his room, and stated he had come by the authority of General Porter, the Provost Marshal, to demand the pass which he had received from General Scott. The gentleman refused to surrender it unless on an order from the General who had given it, or to some officer cf similar rank. "In that case my orders are to take you to the Provost-Marshal im mediately." And as soon as he was dressed he was driven over there in charge of the officer who, on entering the room, sat down at a table and com menced writing. Seeing his own name on the paper, and entertaining infirm views relative to the liberty of the subject, my informant became ap prehensive of some mischief, and throwing down General Scott's pass on the table walked out to the English Legation, where he was advised to apply to General Scott himself. He did not distinctly state what occurred there, but said, from what he heard, he felt it was his best plan to leave the coup. try, and he had got his passport, and would proceed to New York for a passage in the Persia, which will I hope take this letter. I hope I am not doing the gentleman in question any injustice in saying I fear he was conscious of having done something which could not be justified by a strict neutrality, and I certainly heard, before I saw him, from an English gentleman stopping at the same hotel, that he made himself conspicuous by the boldness with which he spoke in favour of secession. He ac counted for his easy surrender of his pass by saying ho feared imprisonment, or that the authorities might have opened his letters. I must say, as far as my personal experience goes, that if a writer main tains a strict neutrality he may express his opinions with freedom so far as the respectable portion of the American public is concerned, and the irritation sometimes caused by free criticism is overcome by the reflection that their expression is intended for the people of another country, and that if it be in any sense objectionable to Americans it is only, as Mr. Seward pointed out, rendered so by the journals which republish the letters. When your corre spondent was made the subject of a petty prose cution by an informer in Illinois, the people in court offered to pay the small fine inflicted for an offence 'against a statute never before: put in force in that State, and all the papers which have noticed the affair have characterised the prosecution as paltry, contemptible, and malignant. There arc strange things in the Legislative enact ments of the different States, distinctly enunciated as principles, which by their opposition and contra dictory natures force one to admire the chance cohesion which hitherto has prevented collision and ~,....iff.a the Supreme Court to arbitrate without serious difficulty. When I first came to the United states of North America one of the States had just passed a law abrogating the punishment of death for any offence whatever; another State had passed at the same time an Act adding the offence of horse stealing to the list of crimes punished by death. The seizure of contractors and putting them in prison on the ground that they have tried to cheat the Government, the refusal to liberate or try them, and the menaces uttered in public departments re specting Fort M'Henry and Fort Lafayette, are not wholesome symptoms. Had the gentleman I refer to been the subject of an " arrestation" under the Reign of Terror, he could not have been more agi tated, and he firmly believed that he could be car ried off, impounded, carcere duro, and no questions asked or answered, without the smallest trouble. It is only in troublous times in despotisms or republics such things can be. But the rage for arrests is now diminished, and several prisoners have been let go free. If the charges were made public it might be found they were all rightfully seized, and that the Government had not acted harshly or unjustly. The Count of Paris and the Duke of Chartres may study these phenomena at their leisure, for as aides to General M'Clellan they have not much to do at present. They continue to be great favourites, and the American public here show good taste in not running needlessly after the young Princes. They have been received at some of the Ministers' houses incognito, but they do not go much into society. There is an idea here that the Government of France is far more favourably disposed towards the Union than that of Great Britain, in spite of the absence of a shadow of proof ; but the observations of M. F. Pisani (who accompanies Prince Napoleon) in the Opinion Nationale may make some people doubt the fact. They have already succeeded in causing some little annoyance among the State officers, just as the inner circle itself was somewhat agitated by a little contretemps connected with Court eti quette between Mrs. Lincoln and the Princess Clotilde at New York. The identity of action on American matters between France and England is not regarded with favour, and people take pleasure in suggesting that England really directs the com mon policy. NATAL EXPEDITION TO NORTH CAROLINA. The expedition which will sail soon after the de spatch of this letter will proceed from the Northern ports and from Annapolis to rendezvous off the coast of North Carolina. The force from this place will consist, as I informed you, of 4,500 men, under Bri gadier-General Egbert Viele, formerly in the United States' regular army, and a subaltern officer of the Mexican war, and the regiments composing it are already on their way to Annapolis. The rest of the force will consist of 9,500 men, divided into two brigades, the whole directed by General Sherman. The regiments of Viele's brigade are fine-looking, strong men, tolerably well uniformed. Of the military knowledge of their commanding officers take two examples. On the arrival of the briga dier in his camp a colonel sent to him to say, " ho would give him a review of his regiment to morrow." When one of the regiments was pre paring to march to the railway terminus for Anna polis the colonel of another sent to the brigadier to ask him if he might be permitted "to escort the —th to the depot with his own regiment." The superior officers, however, know their work, and Savannah, Mobile, Fernandina, and Pensacola may well feel uneasy and hurry on their fortifications. Wherever the eye rests there is the din of prepara tion for war. All over the vast continent moulds arc running lead and iron, forges are blazing, ham mers clanging on anvils, the ploughshare taking the shape of the sword. The Hatteras affair has aroused the South to their danger—they are throw ing up earthworks and batteries, and drilling their Coastguards all along the seaboard. The report that the Federalists had taken Mississippi City, between Mobile and New Orleans, is not confirmed, but New Orleans need not fear just yet, nor cam the expedition be intended to do more than prepare, by the occupation of points on the coast, for the operations of larger forces later in the year. From St. Louis I hear that General Fremont is certain he will beat Price if he overtakes him, but the latter is a sort of Tantia Topee—he has great numbers of cavalry and no baggage ; the expedition down the Mississippi must wait. THE ARMY AT WASHINGTON. The approach to Washington by rail just now presents a very picturesque, but, to a patriot, a mournful sight. All through Maryland the bridges on the railways are guarded by little camps. And as the noise of the train is heard the men rush out of the tents to the line awaiting their shower of newspapers which is let fall by the passengers, and every drop of which is the object of a friendly scramble. As the train draws nearer to the capital these camps increase in number and in size till the white canvass frosts every knoll, and gleams through every woodland and glade now colouring with the glorious tint of the autumnal foliage. Monster trains are passed, and the soldiers inside rend the air with yells and shrill cheers. Poor fellows, they must be glad of any excuse for a little outbreak in the monotony of journeys in rough vans over the jumping roads for hundreds of miles from distant States. The fields are filled with dark lines of infantry at drill; heavy trucks, laden with guns and munitions of• war, block up the sidings, and look sulkily out of their secluded shunting places. On the undulating ground, from which all traces of forest and grove are fast vanishing, are visible immense packs of horses ; commissariat camps, long lines of white tilted waggons, cities of mules, and columns of dust seam the sky and mark the march or evolutions of armed men. Strains of music are heard as the unfinished dome of the Capitol and the spires of the city rise in view, and long standing lines of tents wind in and out as if encompassing the place in their arms till they fade away in the distance. The air pulsates with the flash of arms in the sunlight, and now and then the booming of guns makes the heart beat with a live lier throb, till one remembers that the Federalists do lot mind firing salutes in war time, though con trary to usual military practice, and that they are obliged to exercise their artillerymen, or that the indefatigable Dahlgren is at his work in the navy yard. No one can doubt the enthusiasm of the people at present. From Racine, through Chicago, at Pittsburg, Harrisburg, in Ohio, Indiana, Penn sylvania, the scene along the road was the same— men drilling, companies arriving and departing, regiments moving off in the trains from the dim eyed mourners who filled the station, Union flags flying from staff and steeple, advertisements on the walls offering various inducements in rival corps— boys and children dressed in uniform, and shoulder ing mimic muskets—three-fourths of the passengers in every train wear some sign or token that for the time they are soldiers. One fine old man, in a blue cavalry jacket with yellow braid, attracted my like a gentleman. I heard his story. 1 • had seen no been in the army, as I had imagined, began he learnt cavalry service, but when the war . b attention, as he was in a private's dressicanhdadlonoelNceedr strong Union spec village to go to the war. At last they said, " Why go ?" " I am 65 years of age," he said, don't you an d beyond my time." But al last one day he drill of a soldier speeches, n e h! s a n n e d i neighbourhood. I:r e d. people 1 - 1 e o: f a n d i e s ‘,Now, boys, I'm going, and I have sent o sa ff id t , o my sons to clear the way before me." But with all this zeal there is a great lack of knowledge and of efficiency. Lest it might be said I write with a prejudiced and jaundiced eye, I will quote a description of the appearance of the troops from the ng f t t New York Irzbune of yesterday , a nd ' to the accu racy and justness of the writ er I bear sh th i the fullest testimony. l , e it testimony. Tie says that, being in 'Washington, has struck him that t here is an utter want of uni -1 THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 22, 1861. TILE CIVIL WAR 111 7 AMERICA. ( From the Special Correspondent of the Times.) WASHINGTON, OCTOBER 7. A year ago we believed, on the faith of what we were told, that the United States possessed the greatest, and, above all, the cheapest military:orga nisation in the world. A million of armed men could be called forth in a moment by a simple decree of Congress on a national emergency. But we now see that a military organisation may be very large without being great, and very cheap without being economical. Efficiency and certainty of action are the tests of the strength of that which is the im personation of the force of nations, and in propor tion to the numbers of the mass possessed of such qualities is its power. Now, the Northern States have a population quite capable of yielding a force of a million of men, without any remarkable pres sure, But, though they have twice as many in habitants as the Slave States, it is, to my mind, very doubtful whether there are at this moment as many men arrayed to fight for the Union as there are fighting against it. Human nature requires something more solid than abstractions to depend upon, and, after all that can be said about the beauties and advantages of the Union, the idea of it is an abstraction compared to the actual mate rialism of the independence of the tenure of peculiar property, of the free trade and freedom from heavy tariffs, for which the Confederates are contending. " Uncle Sam" is more tangible than the Union. He is a paymaster-general, and his rates of pay are high, but he does not succeed in getting what ho needs except for his sea service, which is fed by the commercial marine, now in a state of great de pression, except the transport trade and the char tered fleets. It is very possible my computations. and estimates are erroneous, but I am very much disposed to question whether, at the present mo ment, there are 350,000 men in the military service of the Federalist Government. I am, however, equally prepared to admit that they will soon reach a figure not far short of that voted by Congress, for I believe, from what I have recently seen and heard, that there is a war feeling among the people of Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Illinois, and Wisconsin, stimulated by lavish expenditure and founded on national sentiment, that will speedily furnish that and even a larger number of men, strong and physically capable of soldiering, however :deficient many of them may be in the spirit of obedience and discipline. There is one thing which to any person accustomed to see regular troops is most striking. There is an utter want of what our officers call " smartness" about the Ameri can citizen soldiery—that indefinable something which makes a man button his coat, cut his hair, keep his clothes clean, hold himself erect, and walk with a brisk, elastic, yet rigid, regularity " right in front." But of this, which is a bigger matter than it looks, more by and by. Fighting is a very essen tial point of a soldier's business, but to be effective it must be done with regularity and in concert by all the fighting men when they are ordered to do so. The Americans will do their fighting individually as well as any men. It remains to be seen in what fashion they will execute their cam paigning. It is quite certain that an army of 50,000 regular infantry, with proper complements of artillery and cavalry, would be much more manageable than the heterogeneous mass now col lected round Washington, nor could a capable gene ral find any difficulty in marching with such a force to Richmond, despite the admitted courage of the enormous levies under Beauregard, Johnston, and the new Confederate General Smith—whilom Street Commissioner of New York. Those familiar with the Indian mutiny must recollect many instances of the superiority of the Sepoy or Sowar in single combat to the regular soldier, but there is scarcely one instance of those Sepoys in the aggregate ever standing in the open to meet our infantry, and I 0.6 V....a.m...., .2711.. individually showed such good swordsmanship, quickness, dash, and bravery, ever waited for a charge of our cavalry. They were brave men who had lost their discipline because they had lost their officers. Nations, like the man himself, would sometimes be rather surprised if they had the gift of seeing themselves as they are seen by others. Here we have the Northern States gloating over their numbers and comparing the rolls of their armies with those of the famous leaders every foot's pace of whom cut deep into the earth and left its mark for all time. Not one seems to perceive that if Marlborough, Old Fritz, Wellington, or Napo leon won great victories with such inferior armies, the great army, which is doing nothing except pre paring to fight, must be either commanded by in ferior officers, or composed of different materials, or destitute of some qualities those other armies and their leaders possessed. There is and there has been a very great improvement in this army since - Washington saw itself deluged by its united de fenders on the memorable morning of July 22, but the work to be done is still enormous before these battalions can be regarded as an effective machine which will not fall to pieces when set to its work. The " army," nevertheless, if victorious, is master of the hour, and whoever is its master will hold the United States in the hollow of his hand. This re mark may be denied or ridiculed, but time will prove its truth. All the North wants now is a leader who will win victories, who will get a Southern cot ton port, enable it to recover its losses, and place the South prostrate at its feet. The man who de serves best of the United States is he whom troops will follow in the field from the Potomac to the Gulf of Mexico. Long-sighted, pale-faced men of thought hope the end will not be evil ; but the men of wi a el e d ti m on t w w i i l l l l t f h o i r s th fi e er t e i e m d e, em an o d er m ac a y n y an a y dr e u a l r e t o o v c e o r m a e o their caucuses, conventions, resolutions, and plat forms. Who shall dispute the will of the man who has palm() men under his control for the next three yearsto a come, who theirhoh beassastvemdatnh,e to U do so p nitedStates,or is preparing,Why, it was whispered the other day that General Fre mont, if he were ordered to do so, would not resign until he had beaten Price ; and there was no dis approval expressed of any such conduct on his part. "If he whips Price," said one in reference to the rumour thatthe Presidentewa was superseded, o rSimon ‘ ‘ c I should n en er Cameron like to see either . turin o id g ra t p o ly displace Fremont." androusurnlrceikyL stpower INTRIGUES.ner So of the " army" being felt that all eyes are turned upon it, and the politicians are struggling savagely to get places of command in its ranks. They leave their platforms and take to the goose step and infantry tactics. The military men, however, have their eye on them. The gentlemen who desiretog o among the troops for political purpo ses , an d get, for example, the votes of the natives of Pennsylvanialutonan thee gaisn y S i a t t aoi time e ae nomina tions, iht i i n ni a gn reference to pa sses t o cross into Virginia - tions, have had anyt hi ng else. The intriguing of the lobby for jobs is now cast aside for the intrigues by which military prefer. ment or good contracts are to be obtained. " I hope, for my part," said a person at Pittsburgh to me, years ; this war will last f or th e next 10 never better !" , it will do u ndrnY trade was an office r who had been ,woairtpteilolpyle you gosoe sec," quoth talking of certain a r ti c l es i n the American press. " Our fingers are not long enough to reach New York just yet, but we'll be able to put our thumbs on the throats of these gentry beforo long. You'll see whether the press or the army, by which I mean the two services,will govern this country in the end," The animosity to the politicians of the press is re markable, and the election-managing committees of would have been de the by which a rec en t exposure this country was the Carlton and the Re i f n o a r m i i l n i teadr yin few coterie a a S s ta r tee nlifgthnteedpteocuhleiaarr pecuniaryth the way of the relations e c l e e i c v t e i d o n b s y a r a e s m d a e l t l e i n i • evenings ns be. to gee Mr. Li nco l n ago. tw e e ht State sign i afincdanttheontiouringhy walking over daily more than once to visit General M'Clellan's quarters. Pray do not think I de sire to insinuate that the General is in any way desirous that the chief of the State should adopt that course, or that he would consider it beneath him to wait on the Executive, instead of the Executive waiting upon him. Young as he is, and suddenly elevated to such a giddy height, he is perfectly modest, unassuming, and uninflated, though quite self-possessed, calm, self-respecting, and reticent. But his reticence is very severely taxed, for the President desires to know all things. " And hang me, if I were M'Clellan, if I'd tell him or any man my plans.", The great abyss which lies between the Sovereign' and the subject in our deluded and ridiculous old countries does not exist over here, and the President and the General stand very much on the same plane. The private soldier saunters into the drawindrooms of the White-house on reception nights and shakes hands with Mr. President as affably as if he were not a Sovereign and President maker. .I am bound to add, the private soldier in his hodden gray behaves himself perfectly. There can be no snobbishness about a man's manners when he is as great as any one in the room, and cannot try to be greater if he would. It would astonish us very much if a monarch, visit ing one of his own generals in war time, were to be told he could not see him, as the general had come home tired and was gone to bed ; but in this coun try such. a thing would be perfectly natural, and it would not, if it occurred, bo fair to infer that the general intended the least disrespect to the head of the state. GENERALS 3I'CLELL When I had the pleasure of conversing with General M'Clellan for the first time he asked me several questions with evident interest and friendly curiosity—not unusual on the part of generals in reference to their antagonists—respecting General Beauregard. In his case there was all the more reason for such inquiries in the fact that they were old fellow students and class mates. To my mind there is something of resemblance between the men. Both are below the middle height. They are both squarely, built, and famed for muscular power since their college nays. Beauregard indeed is lean and thin ribbed ; M'Clellan is full and round, with a Napoleonic tendency to embonpoint,subdued by inces sant exercise. Beauregard sleeps little; McClellan's temperament requires a full share of rest ; both are spare and Spartan in diet, studious, quite. Beau regard is rather saturnine, and, if not melancholic, is of a grim gaiety ; M'Clellan is genial even in his reserve. The density of the hair, the squareness of the jaw, the firmness and regularity of the teeth, and the outlines of the features are points of simi larity in both, which would be more striking if Beauregard were not of the true Louisianian Creole tint, while M'Clellan is fair complexioned, Beaure gard has a dark, dull student's eye, the dulness of which arises, however, from its formation, for it is full of fire, and its glances are quick and searching. 111‘Clellan has a deep clear eye, into which you can look far and deep, while you feel it searches far and deep into you. Beauregard has something of pre tension in his manner—not hauteur, but a folding armed, meditative sort of air, which seems to say, " Don't disturb me ; I'm thinking of military move ments." M'Clellan seems to be always at leisure; but you feel at the same time you ought not to in trude too much upon him, even when you seek in vain for the grounds of that impression in anything that he is doing or saying. Beauregard is more subtle, crafty, and astute; M'Clellan is more com prehensive, more learned, more impressionable. Beauregard is a thorough soldier; M'Clellan may prove he is a great general. The former only looks to military consequences, and disregards popular manifestations ; the latter respects the opinions of the outer world, and sees politicalas well as military results in what he orders. They are both the crea tures of accident, so far as their present positions are rmirerrird- It remains to be seen if either can con trol the current of events, and if in either the artil leryman or the cavalry officer of the old United States' army there is the stuff around which history is moulded, such as that of which the artilleryman of Brienne or the leader of the Ironsides was made. AND BEATMEGARD. PROBABLE CONDITIONS OF PEACE. There is in the heat and passion of this fight no regard for the future, no consideration of the results of success or of failure. Not a man has thought of the future of the army of 500,000 men, of the mili tary chiefs, of the army of contractors, and, above all, of the fighting populations and rival generals who will arise in the course of the contest—no, not any more is there a man who has considered, if the South gains and the North loses the battle, what are to be the boundaries, what the frontier lines, and what the relations along them, between the two na tions separated thenceforth and for ever. It is now some months since I visited the United States. It was my misfortune to be obliged to see that the Union was gone for ever—my greater misfortune to say so. It is nothing to that, if to-morrow the North sweeps every Confederate battalion into the sea, and seizes on every foot of Confederate soil. The Union —the old Union of the 31 States—the old principles of the Union are all equally gone, and gone for ever. Who can say he is glad of it ? What country, even that which has been most insulted and most wronged and outraged by the insolence, intemper ance, prejudice, and violence of her statesmen, has said, or can say, " God be praised for it?" If the Americans would only believe that England can afford to see them great and prosperous without envy, and that our whole national life is not a feverish solicitude about America and her institu tions, we might get on remarkably well, even if the republic split in two. The rankest Tory will admit he felt a rough-edged sort of pleasure at the sight of the great experiment which his Saxon cousins were so nearly running into an aqua vita, but which threatens now to end in a cepa mortuum. No one can rejoice—in spite of many inducements to be glad—that the American Republic, which was at one time the blessed bark on misery's darkening sea" on which were embarked the hopes and fears of so many thousands of the Old World, should go down in storm and darkness in the ocean of an unfathom able future. But the man who says to the crew— " Mind where you are going —pray do not tempt that raging bar," is regarded by them as an enemy bitter and false to the end. Even if he sympathises with the sufferings of the devoted Unionists who see in an unsuccessful termination to the present con flict the end of all their glorious anticipations, he is as a publican and sinner should he not admit that human happiness and greatness, science, social im provement, good government, and religion have sunk for ever with the wreck of the United States. There will be always inducement in cheap land, an easy tenure, homestead laws, density of population, and force of competition at home, the desire of ad venture and change, political discontent and consi derations of police in Europe, to render America a land of promise for many years to come, and fre quently a land of fulfilment, to the denizens of the Old World. The tapir can never be an elephant, nor the puma hope to pass itself off as the king of beasts; and De Tocqueville was, no doubt, right when he said that if the American people were transported to Europe they couldnot exist without considerably altering their laws. And yet there was, and is, so much of what is really good and whole some in American Democracy that it must be a source of regret if it be broken up into discordant States, however inevitable the process may be in accordance with the teachings of history and philo sophy. The American Northern Continent would, if fully peopled, contain four or five great kingdoms or republics, larger than any republic which ever held together (as equal in all its parts) for a hun dred years. But the Northern idea is marching backwards in its way to freedom. There are people and journals in the North which speak of holding the Southern States as so many dependent territories if they will net return to the Union. They think that six millions of Anglo-Americans can be re duced to such a state of dependency—the most im perious, passionate, and Yankee-despising of men, all masters and king, and now citizens, as they claim to be, of a new and independent republic ! For my part, the determination of the North to subjugate the South, even if it fails to hold it, ap pears perfectly natural; for what terms could the former expect now, if proposals of peace were made ? Admitting that the South would not de mand Maryland, or would be content to leave the question of her adhesion to a popular vote, which would be carried by Union men, beyond that, in their present successful career, the Confederates would not yield a point, but would insist on the line of the Potomac, the Ohio, and the northern frontier of Missouri as their boundaries. Just look at the map, and see how cramped and hemmed in the Northern States would be in such a division of the Continent. It must be remembered that the vast districts which lie spread out on the map be tween the Missouri river and Oregon and Wash ington territories are for the most part unproduc tive, only fit for hunters and their prey. Canada and the lake system press upon and cut into the States on the north. Fancy the great Republic narrowed to less than 100 miles in any part of its territory ! And yet from Beaver beyond Wheeling, in Virginia, to the shores of Lake Erie, near Cleve land, there is not more than 90 and some odd miles within which the stars and stripes could flaunt the breeze. And yet there is the fact before one's eyes, and no amount of lateral extension towards the west could compensate for the contraction of the United States' territory from north to south. Northern and Western Minnesota, parts of lowa, portions of Wisconsin, and the northern parts of Michigan have rather a doubtful future, except as agricultural countries—the winter is severe, and life is dure and rude. There are forests to be cleared yet, and much mining wealth to be ex plored, befo s te the Far West can absorb even the diminished immigration against the influence of which the South is in rebellion, and the North would rise if it could. The sentiment of the North is becoming, not united, but unanimous. " The Union, the whole Union, and nothing but the Union," is the cry. The Democrats shout it as loudly as any, for fear of Lafayette or the devices of the Republicans, who would direct the popular current against them ; and, indeed, the Democratic party could as little afford the disruption of the Republic as their antagonists. They are swallowed up in the mass of the Union movement for the time, and, as they are hurried onwards, scarce can find time to gasp out " Don't you think you're going a leetle too far ? What about Habeas Cor plilt ? I really think we might have a trial by jury now and then." And so on. AMERICAN FEELING TOWARDS ENGLAND. It is useless to argue with a people in a passion, And just now the Americans have good right to be in a passion, because a wonderful prosperity and great social happiness have suddenly been wrecked, and there seems no hope of restoring them, except by a doubtful process of battle. The antagonism of the press is always in advance of the sounder mass of public opinion, but there is, no doubt, much irritation and ill-feeling existing against England on the alleged grounds of want of sympathy with the North in a contest with slavery, of enmity towards the Union per se, and many other grounds equally imaginary. The North forgets that it specially declares this war is not directed against slavery— that it is not a war of liberation. The South is indignant because England has not recognised the Seceding States under the pressure of cotton, and does not seem at all disposed to break the blockade. If Americans would only consider how their states men and journals have treated England in all tames of her trouble, they might find reason to think they were giving her credit for a little too much magna nimity when they expected very much oyu. l ,oe~ T with the misfortunes, not of the great American people, but of American politicians. Every Eng lishman who was here at the time of the Russian war with whom I have conversed speaks in uniform terms of the undisguised satisfaction of most of the people in the cities and large hotel world of the United States at the success of the resistance of the enemy, and of their evident and ostentatious sym pathy with the Russians, which broke out on the stage and in the concert-room. We are told that the United States sympathised very deeply with us dur ing the Indian mutiny, and the statement may well be accepted, though no American surgeons came out to tend our sick and wounded as they flocked to the armies defending Sebastopol. It may now safely be stated that Great Britain and the United States were on the brink of war little more than three months ago—were all but at war, provoked by the violence of American statesmen, which was only averted by the great forbearance, and moderation, and temper of Great Britain in a moment of her brother's great adversity, assisted by the prudence, goodwill, and moderation of an American senator. Neutrality is regarded as What would the ill-will have been which went beyond neutrality, and espoused one side in a quarrel that cannot be called pro and anti slavery ? Professions of regret and sympathy which have been largely uttered in the Parliament, by the press, by our statesmen, are coldly received and dis trusted, and this, the greatest problem in the world, is to be allowed to work itself under our eyes with out a word of comment or criticism. Abstract argu ments, deductions, the consideration of cause and effect on one side of the Atlantic, the supposition that they act very much there in the same way as they do at the other side, speculation on probable results and on the action of parties, are set down as cold-blooded abstractions, which evince a cold blooded, philosophical indifference to sufferings that should excite the commiseration and active aid of the world. The Union has been wounded by thieves, and the only one to act the good Samari tan is Russia. For much that the Union did to and for humanity the world must be grateful ; and, indeed, the world has done much to repay her by its labour, its science, its blood. But why is a man or a nation, therefore, to be debarred from saying whether he thinks the North is going to win or to lose in the attempt to subjugate the South, unless under the pain of incurring the reputation of an enemy ? The idea of the Union is, in plain Eng lish, the idea of one sole dominant Power in the whole Continent of North America. And if I were a native of the United States of North America, I would fight for that idea. The contrary notion may spread rapidly if the South sue 2eeds. Already we hear a Gulf Republic and a Texan Confederation spoken of ; long ago there was talk of a party in California anxious for a separate national existence for that State, which will probably increase if it is found that the United States can give it no more of the national property in roads, expresses, and postal expenses. And now there are hints that in the fullness of time the States in the west and north-west may think it expedient to form a Re public of their own, inasmuch as they have no par ticular interests in common with the other States, and derive no special advantages from being go verned at Washington. There is no fear of the failure of Republican institutions, except in their demonstrated power as an agency bywhich to govern and keep together one vast confedation. No matter h o w many separate States might be formed, there call be no doubt that in all would the form of go vernment be republican in greater or less degree. Without including many people in South Carolina, and fewer in other States, who express a liking and preference for a Constitutional Government, or, at all events, for a strong Government, the principle of republicanism is grafted deeply in the hearts of the American people, and they could not be other wise than Republicans if they desired it. " Sure,'' said an Irish overseer on the railway the other day, ".God help them ! they've got no jintlemen in this country at all, at all." The social system is like their street railways, very accommodating for the MEDIATION OF RUSSIA. At all events, the people of the Northern States are going to fight their battles in their own way and on their own ground, without interference or control. Meditation and compromise were rejected long ago. Even the Czar's friendly letter produced from Mr. Seward only a brief acknowledgment, and has not led to any suggestion of arbitration. That being the case, why don't the armies fight ? The Confederates do not fight because they do not wish to risk the fate of their army on a single battle in front of Washington, and have the utmost confi dence in delay—why it is scarcely possible to show conclusively. Their troops are not to be trusted in an attack on the line of earthworks and batteries which cover Washington and extend from Alex andria to the Chain-bridge at Little Falls. They are just at present on the defensive, and hope to entice the Federalists to attack them. No one knows what is the real position of their right on the Potomac, but I begin to doubt if they have the means or the guns to command the river, though I can scarcely think that any of their Ge• nerals 'would wilfully abandon the plan of doing it. With guns and men enough, it is perfectly plain they could command the Potomac completely, and cross over an army under their fire, should it so please them, much more readily and safely than by any fording of the tipper Potomac. As I have had occasion to point out, the ground occupied by the armies is unfavourable to fighting, and it is no disparagement to the men to say they could not be re lied on to march across the open up to well-served guns in heavy works, and take them at the point of the bayonet. The Federalists have well-founded dis like to make another advance on 'Manassas. Drills and reviews will do much, but time i s needed for either to do its work. The difficulty is with the officers rather than with the men . Ono of Tombs s troop of Bengal Artillery, NYI IO was (Mr here look- f