The Sun. — London, England, 1856-04-04 00:00:00

- _ MITALBERT SMIT&'S MONT BLANC, O-NIGHT and EVERY EVENING (except S atirdaY), at o'elock, and Tuesday , ' Thursday, and aturday Mornings as.. GS.; area, 2s. ; gallery, ls.—Egyptian Ball, Piccadilly. ,ARGYLL ROOMS.-LAIIRENT'S CASI NO cm. NOW OPEN for the winter season. Prin ci p al Cornet 4 - 71 9 n. Boulcourt.—Doors open at 8. Admission On e Shilling. .... ! jr6n t i e new Varsoviana and St. Patrick Quadrille every night. . /21 YPTIAN HALL, Piccadilly.—The Put s € marvellous MECHANICAL FIGURES, from t he Grand Th e ~,IPosition, on View DAILY, from 11 to 5 sod fr om 10 to 7. s teaa roat Extraordinary Exhibition in the World. — Stalls , 35. ; 25.; gallery, ls. Children half-price. Allt W. S. WOODIN'S OLIO, st ODDITIES. sia4 ,I P iftY instantaneous Metamorp*Oti of Voice, Character, Cat a ir i r a n _in concluding with an impersomXion of Mlle. Rachel, as at.' " Les Horaceri," TO-NIGHT and every evening, at 8. and sta'is may be secured in advance, without extra p„.• • Polygraphic-1)111. King William street. Charing -cross. A -nce every Saturday Morning at 2 o'clock, and night at 8. tit - OPENED, with many important additions k e ,..,.t0 the Scientific Department.—Dr. kN begs to acquaint rile that his celebrated MUSEUM', which has been elegantly IA . 4 w r ated and enriched by many Interesting additional objects, or gr. ?PEN (for Gentlemen only). Amongst the new features talterest will be found a magnificent full-length Model of a The from one of the most eminent of the ancient masters. useurn is on aily from Ii• St 12, 2 till 10. Lectures are delirered 4, and half-past 7. by Dr. SEXTON ; and a new awl hlghly eg of Lectures is now in course of delivery by Dr. %Mi•‘, at half n g. --Past S precisely, Every Evening. — Admissi on, O ne —No. 4, Coventry-street, Leicester-square. ALBANY, Piccadilly.—To be LET, a desirable % horn ,. srr of CIIAMBERSI In the Albany. The reception and m 1 rooms hive l o fty painted ceilings ; there is a Gothic billiard ining Toot, b'd. dressing, and bath rooms. The entrance to towns. kitchen cellars, Ste., may be kept distiset.—To 7'"'Y to the secretary, Albany-court-yard, Piccadilly. LONDON and EASTERN BANKING C ORPORATEON.—Established let January, 1854. • Head Office-27, Cannon-street, City. sph ~I lY de-Dark Branch-136, Westhourne-terrace. JOHN JOFIN CADWALLADER ERSKINE, Chairman. CARNAC MORRIS, Esq., F.B. S., Deputy-Chairman. ike rt iZ e mlg Accounts are opened in the usual manner with approved 4144 t WO Per cent interest being allowed on the minimum monthly be Po;i by tm.t Accounts .— The field for employment of money afforded oedeZ.ank's Branches is India enables the Corporation to a llow of b tt lZ: l3 for lengthenedxed periods unusually favourable rates thre e o se ". Deposits are received for the fixed periods of one, Years certain at five per cent. per annum, paid half- M these deposits receipts are given. transferable with the -""melon of the Directors. intereett e tints.—For snow deposited at ten days call five per cent. Or the of 141" ed. this rate rising and falling with the discount rate . .ahk. of England. JOHN EDWARD STEPHENS, Manager. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. II liti m i tlßMlNGHAlkl GRAND ANNUAL STECPLECHASE; April 7th, tlxed at KNOWLE. elose to the Great 14 141 4 411 witY. —Passngers will be booked by the 9.40 a.m. ex direct to Knowle without change of carriage, and a Special leave Knowle. at 7 o'clock in the evening. fo r L ond o n ' 1 ,7 1 '.,.. 1 73.11 be attached to the 7 o . 'clock train from Birmingham. ~.21 u• c ling tom, March 2i+th. 1855 TAICDON and NORTH-WESTERN, MID -0%4:A1M an d MANCHES sHEFFIE`,D, and Li 'S- Wl% t y7. 1 1 11 . 1111 RAILWAYS.-INIPROVED COM KIINICATION rett,,:.'lll)LAND DISTRICTS and opening of the ne v through kri gh Zween London (I , lusion Station) and Huddersfield, Haiti' ,x, A /i 4e, • 'di Sheffield, on and after the Ist of Arril. FAsT TRAIN, First and Second Cl.iss, tn (Leamington), 114 Leeds York, Bradford, :nd to Huddersfirld, Halifax, ganttse (via:Sheffield), vrill leave Enston at 11.45 a m. pazt 4 1 train now lea ' ving London for Derby and Nottingham at 4.0 TiZII be deipatelied at 3.45 p m. %ter, 18 P Fast Train, from London, will be continued to Lei- A Nottingham. Derby and sheffield. lit i . m n r ew fast Vain, first and second class, still leave York, Leeds, ttni xtd,: ham fae, Brighthouse and iluddersfield (via. Sh ffield), Vlls, rectehlng London at 5.45 p m. 311dland uo-train from York at 7.15 a.m., end Leeds at 0.40 , r 1; Will arrive i n L on d on a t 4 . 0 p.m. , i ns t ea d of 4 30. tad +?, tr ains leavirg London for the Midland District at 9 . 45 a m. , 1).1 1 ,'"e I7 P - Mldland trains arrivi n g In London at 4.0 p.m. and 10 . 20 0 % . wi1l he discontinued. full Particulsrs sea handbills, which maybe had at any of the Ilion and after the 30th inst. moral By order, MARK lIIIISH. "al Manager's Offica, Easton Station, March, 1850. hANCHESTER and LONDON LIFE AssunANCE and LOAN A.4.OCIATION, t u tglmn,„„ 77, Annui Kinz-strert, 3lanchester. ties, E n dowments, and Loans effected onliberal CIIIIII.F.S HENRY lIINCIIIN, Secretary. Agents wanted. . CONTRACT FOR WHITE AND RED LEAD. Department of the Storekeeper General of the Navy, Sotherset-place, 31st March. 1856. ' rirRE Commissioners for Executing the Office of sad T4rd High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain the 15th eland, DO HEREBY GIVE NOTICE, that on TUESDAY, seek t % APril next, at Two o'clectk, they will he ready to treat w:th Perms as may be willing to Contract for supplying her Majesty's Yard at Chatham with Sad I t WHITE LE VD, si t .....Sr Majesty's Dockyards at Deptford, Woolwich, Chatham, sils, Portsmouth, Devonnort, and Pembroke. with r RED LEAD. $o tender of the tender may be seen at the said office. tender will ha revived after Two o'ckatk on. the day of treaty, : ang be, noticed. unless the party attends, or an agent for - R► duly auftiortsed in Writing. Very tender must be addressedto the Secretary of the Admiralty, : 4 .1 bear in the left-hand corner the words "Tender for Lead," la Must also be delivered at Somerset-place, accompanied by a ;;`,„''' signed by two responsible persons, engaging to become bound L'ut the person tendering in the sum of 1,0001. for the due performance Th e t rac . NORWICH UNION FIRE INSURANCE SOCIETY. Retablished 1797. Tot al Amount Insured, X 61000,000. 'lces may be effected with this Company upon more favour ' terms than with other °faces. arid d ices — Surrey - street , Norwich, and 6, Crescent, New ge - street, Biackftiars, London. MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE. —As the hot,— Public are frequently under an impression that certain offices ii " e l What m --tY be termed "class titles" are exclusively confined lath °Derations to persons coming under the denomination of Orkr t ret_ the Directors of the PROVIDENT CLERKs' ASSO leowi beg to inform the Public generally that they receive pro taldev,l4l_"lng every description of Life Assurances, Annuities, and "'fitsi from all classes of society. M .:, As was established in 1%40, and offers im p ortant nutalles to asinrer,•. By order of the Board. THOS. LIgFOBD, Secretary. 16,1 foorgate-street, 21 April, 1856. A.D. 1720. .“, ° YAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE (Rs CORPORATION, tabllahed by Charter of his Majesty George the First), For SEA, FIRE, LIFE, and ANNUITIES. O FFICES—ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON. • BRANCH OFFICE-29, PALL-MALL. Octavius Wigram, Esq., Governor. Sireeorge Pearkes Barclay, Esq., iab-G wernor. ohn William Lubbock, Bart., Deputy-Governor. !try ri • DIIIIECrrOIti. rA on. , alobridge, Esq. Charles John Manning , Esq. AS. P. Calvert, Esq. Hen. John T. Lrslle Melville. .arrett f'attley, Eef/ ll,nry Nelson, Esq. IpZ7llnder Colvin Fs' • Edward Howley Palmer, Esq. I r axwell ' D ' an g iel Esq. Sir John Henry Pelly, Bart. Aiex.el Davidson, Esq. Alexander P. Prevost, Esq. Jvet d ° T mace. Esq. Abraham George Robarts, Esq. Atob " Grenfell, Esq. Charles Robinson, Esq. NArnarieus Heath, Esq. William Soltau, Esq. eatri7l, °dEgsq47' roQTetlew Ilibbert. Esq. Thomas Tooke, Esc!. Lea scel oi William Wallace, Esq. Il ew olla art Charles Baring Young, Esq. REFEREE—SamueI folly, Esq., F.R.S. bartimtles.he usual fifteen days allowed for payment of Fire Pre- Ft4 4lli eg dite at Lady-day will expire on the 9th April. Derite,, a n't LIFE •.,"" advantareous terms. Life Department, assurances are granted with participation T h il. or. at lower Premiums, without such participation. 4 1st b ." lo Wing table shows the large BONUSES de^lared up to the )earip ` ee nTher, lSt5, on Britiih Pant ipating Policies of fourteen s tanding, for the sum of 1,0001. each. AD.. ._ -- Addition Further Per Cent. Per Cent. i fiert nutdo in Addinition Total pt r annum on the —4eur ed• 18411. Addition on the 'urn Premium 1855. As. ured• Paid. 30 31i .£ • 25 102 112 2ll 1•53 59'3 40 106 115 221 1.58 54'3 45 112 121 234 1•67 50•5 • 50 121 12S 249 118 4"2 55 135 140 275 1'96 43 0 60 149 154 303 2•16 39'9 166 171 349 2'43 37 2 .------_ . by th °Cent reduct;ona have been made in the Premiums payable Persons , p,2 B who preferred that form of Bonus. W. future division of Profit will take place every Five years. T a sum not exceeding 15,0001. may be insured on one life. Corporation affords to the Assured Liberal Participation in Profits—with exemption from the l iabilities of partnership. 4 , rate of It..uus equal to the average returns of Mutual Socie "eB—with the guarantee of a large inv.-sted Capital Stock. The advantages of modern practice—with the security of an l ike whose resoarces have been tested by the experience o f — ' 4,1 7 a Century and a-half. ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON. JOHN A. HIGHAM. Actuary and Secretary. MR. HOWARD, Surgeon-Dentist, 52, Fleet street, has introduced an entirely new description of ARTl oirr'4l, TEETH, fixed without springs, wires, or ligatures. They so ~t " IY resemble the natural teeth as not to be distinguished from de ta ° , ri Zinal by the closest observer; they will never change colour or 4anil will be found very superior to any teeth ever before used. op er :ethod does not require the extraction of roots, or any painful til r - Tri, and will support and preserve teeth that are loose, and is Irem 6 ed to restore articulation and mastication. Decayed teeth hoirkered sound and useful in mastication.-52, Fleet-street. At ten till five. j°ZEAEr'S COPAHINE, or SACCHAR ATE D CAPRICES, a approved of by the french College of Physicians, .. ack n L llll 3' administered in the Paris and London Hos p itals, and (St e ,77,.ledged by them to be the best remedy for a certain disorder. atti c 'ancet" of Nov. 6, 1852.) A copy will be forwarded on appli d,44Price per 100, 4s. 6d. ; 50, 2s. 9d. To be had of the inventor, stuIeIELJOZEAU, French chemist, 49, Haymarket, London, and Principal chemists. rip- IN THE HIGH COURT OF CHANCERY. RIESEMAR.--On the 29th of May, 1855, an pq th. was granted by the High Court of Chancery, and Pra nt 7„"th of Jane following was made perpetual, against Joseph efi n( inull and others, to restrain them, ander a penalty of one thou- Ito,,_,Dounds, from imitating this Medicine, which is protected by ,4_ , Letters Patent of England, and secured by the Seals of the enPhumacie de Paris, and the Imperial Colleze of Medicine, unk .1 a TRIESEMAR, No. 1, tonL7 u edY for Relaxation. Spermatorrbcea, and all the distressing se e l ,- tr_tlences arising from early abuse, &c., and its effects are 011- are la manhood, and old age ; aud t those persons who p r evented t enter!ng the married state from the results . of early ra it le invaluable. TRIESEMAR, No. 2, A 7 . In the short space of three days, completely and entire* ha ve , e 5 all traces of those Disorders which Capa:vi and Cubebi• of iong been thought an antidote for, to the min of the health - vast Portion o f the popr.lation• ism. TRIESEMAR, No. 3, great Continental Remedy for that class of Disorders, whim -- "u ta Lately th e E ng lish physician treats with Mercury, to the in evi ra Ssrs a ele destruction of the patient's constitution, and which all the PUMA in the world cannot remove. ' i IIEI3ESII,A, N os . 1,2, and 3, are alike devoid of taste or smell, iul wi c t i ) ,P f all nauseating qualities:. They may Ile on the toilet tabb out their uv-ebeing suspected Tut.- MAR, Nos. 1,2, and 3 are said in tin cases, price I ls., or te gr'eaaes ill one for 335,, which saves Ils. ; and in 51 . e ases , whereby ere is a s av i ng of 1/. his.; aptidet, int, s3parate doses, as ildminis tertd by V a lp eau, Lallemand, Rota, &c., SW. A TO be bad Wh o l esa l e an d Rm.all in Londen of Johnstoft, 68, 'crahill; Hannay and Co 63 frd and Sanger, 1 5 0, Oa ord.et, , o -s treet• . _ eet ,R. H. Ingham, druggist, 46, Market-street, Manchester ; Bradbury, bookseller, Deansgate, Bolton J. Priestly, chemist, 52, b °ll- etreet, Liveool Powell, bookseller, 15, Westmoreland-strait, WinzaU b oo kseller, High-stregt, Birmingham. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN,—That, by Indenture, dated the 6th day of March, 1856, Willie n Saul Else. of to. 05, Bw lington-arcade. Piccadilly, in the county of Middlesex, Jeweller, assigned all his personal estate and effects whatsoever, as therein mentioned, unto George Pratt, of No. 10, Gresh am-street, in the city of London, Gentleman, and Jonathan Hazell, of Gloucester-street, Clerk nwell, in the said county of Middlesex Jeweller, upon trust, for the benefit of ail the creditors of the said William Saul Else, as therein men , loned, and which said Indenture was executed by the said William caul Else, on the day of the date thereof, in the presence of and attested by James MacGregor, •f No. 10, -.lse-lane, in the said city of London, Sol , c'tor, and Henry Camp, his clerk, and by the said George Pratt, and &mat , an Hazell, respectively, on the eighth day of the same month of web, in the presence of and attested by the said James 1114cGr.Tor. 'the said Indenture now lies at the offices of the said James MacGregor for execution by those creditors who have not a'ready executed the same. g_. , . . iliarki,c4._ 1/4 _ t . , 4 • K . I 4 ,1, 1 • ,• _ , -:- l' At .** 4 . arr.• A t , ~ . ' 4 .. 2: _ A or, .„• , , ' - 7 ------ "--,..... 9 * • • ,e , ''.l„ ; k ~ L'N‘tint., ~=A tor - 1 • ,,L , ‘ AL t ~,_., _,.."- ;* T, , i ,- -a, ,, " • . ... 4 • "" W , . „:4 10 -,„ ~..,,,,,, , ‘)krop#4,4 , ' --". I .1.,*. - .,i It i joloWll, - . 7--- - i,i, • -•-. -_ ), --•,. ' niv.77 y,....;., „1....,1:, i;.....,,..,.. , ~:„. .4,... ..„ ..„ .. .1,..,....., .i, ti x„,..._ 431 .„ i ,,,, 4 , :: ,, 0:,,,__,,,:„\,..„„:,,,:: : ,,,,,\,,...;,..v,,,,,,,,,.,..1...4„,,,,,......i.....„„....„.„ , _\_ , 1,,,,.....1,-- , ,_,,,::,,,,,,,,,,.-1., -;:::,:-ie:_,„,-:;:f._:----7--4-i,,,-t,:?o. ; -_.,w..4 : t:o:.,..-tt..-s):_.v.:7.,........-- ~.,..„,.41p. zit.... . t o‘ -- rtiEfTV 4. • . „ not been inoofforatod with the bill brought in a dip r e • ago with regard to the removal of the poor, as • .e• Get to see the statutes relating to the poor simplified, •• - • multipiited e a_"*" •-'" t ee *ee,'" le-Ceeee'e' Mr. BARROW considered that the ratepayers Vesta& e : continue to appoint the officers, and hoped the whole poor law would be shortly consolidated. ta' 16. Viscount EBRINGTON thanked the right hon. gentle. • man (Mr. Bouverie) for his proposal with regard to the auditors. He only trusted he would limit their numbers, for upon that the sound administration of the poor law very much depended. Mr. PEACOCKS objected to that part of the bill which proposed to deal with extra-parochial places. Lord J. MANNERS said the money which the auditors had to overlook was paid by the ratepayers of the country, and therefore it was not so unreasonable that the ratepay. era should have the nomination to the office, or nominate themselves as auditors. Mr. BOUVERIE having replied, Leave was given - to bring in the DRAFTS ON BANKERS. Mr. A. PELLATT • moved the second reading of the Drafts on Bankers Bill, the object of which is to reader crossed cheques upon bankers legal instruments. Th e h o n. member stated that, before the joint-stock banks were ad• mitted to the clearing-house, the value of the Ore.:Luck cleared amounted to 1,000,000,0001. yearly, but that now it might be fairly estimated at 3,000,003,0001.; and that these enormous transactions were effected mainly through the instrumentality of.what were called crossed cheques. He proposed, therefore, to legalise the systein of crossed cheques so as to' give additional security to the public and the bankers. The custom of bankers with respect to crossed cheques had been interfered with by recent deci slops in the courts of law, but if this bill were passed, it would restore confidence and tend very materially to faci litate the immense monetary transactions of the country. The bill was supported by the committee of bankers, by the committee of the Stook Exchange, and the Governor of the Bank of England had also given him certain merges lions, which he had adopted, with the view of making the measure more efficient. "Mr. GLYW supported the second reading, and assured the house that there was a universal feeling in the City in favour of some legislation of the sort, in consequence of recent decisions in the courts of law tending to throw doubt upon the validity of the custom among bankers. He did -not, however, think that the bill under discuision ought to be passed in its present shape ; but as - regarded the ques tion of security, which was the main object of the bill, and of the original practice among bankers, it had his full ap proval. There were also other grounds upon which he was prepared to support some measure of the sort, and that was with reference to the currency. Within the last 10 yours the commercial classes of the metropolis had endeavoured to assist the Act of 1841 by economising the currency of the country, which some persons supposed to be based upon some what too contracted a basis. With this view many alterations had been introduced in the clearing house and general conduct of banking business, and im mense sums of money daily passed through the clearing. house, and were settled without the use or intervention of -.a single bank note. (Hear.) This bill would add mate rially to the efficiency of the system, and he was therefore prepared to support its principle, reserving to himself the right to oppose the 3d clause in committee, as he did not ' consider that portion of the measure necessary or called for. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL said that the result of his professional experience induced him to give his hearty support to a bill the principle of which he approved, al though he believed some of its details would require con siderable modification. Mr. JOHN - MA.CGREGOR expressed a hope that if the bill were extended to Scotland it would be permissive, and not compthory. Mr, HANKEY did not think that any legislation was required upon the subject. The present system prevented bankers from paying money incautiously, which was the object of the bill. The object which the hon. gentleman the member for Southwark wished to effect would be already answered under the existing law, by drawing checks at sight, payable to an individual named. He could not recommend the house to adopt any legislation on the subject while the present system was found to act so well. Mr. WILKINSON supported the bill. The bill was then read a second time, and ordered to be committed on Monday next. MARRIED WOMEN'S REVERSIONARY INTEREST BILL. Mr. MALINS, in moving that the house go into com mittee on this hill, said that there were innumerable cases whore ladies who were entitled to a reversion, exp, c :ant On the death of a party, were unable to settle that pro perty in consequence of the present state of the law. object of the bill was to remedy thisdefect, and he trusted` the house would assist him to carry it out. Mr. WALPOLE thought that the object of the bill, in. stead of being to enable married women to settle their property in reversion for the benefit of themselves and children, or for their relations after them, was to enable the husband to use his right and influence to hold that Property. It was true that, with reference to landed pro perty, they could take the acknowledgment, of married women, and so part with it, but the hon. and learned gen tleman seemed to forget tluit the landed property thus coming to married women was of incalculably small amount. It was the personal property left to them which would enable the husband to sell that reversionary interest, to the g reet disadvantage of the wife and of those who came after h er, to enable him to pay his debts. If a e:ause was introduced...to prevent'the disposition of property acquired by a married woman after her marriage, he should not object to the bill. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL urged upon the hoe. any learned member for 'Wallingford (Ur. Matins) the post ponement of the bill, as this was the first time its objects had been fully stated to the house, and the bill required earnest consideration. Mr. HADFIELD approved of the principle of the mea- snre. The bill then passed through committee, it being under stood that an opportvtnity should be given fo ithe proposi tion of amendments before the measure passed. The third reading of the bill was appointed for this day week (Thursday:) THE FACTORIES BILL. On the order for the second reading being road, Col. DUNNE moved that it be read a second time that day six months. Col. W. PATTEN said that the hon. and learned mem ber for Oldham had made suggestions since the debate of yesterday which were so reasonable that he (Col. W. Patton) would at once accede to them. The amendments which he intended to make in the bill would be printed and placed in the hands of his hon. friend the member for Oldham for his approbation. Mr. COBBETT said he would postpone all opposition on his past at present, but he begged it to be understood that he did not thereby commit himself to the principle of the bill. If the amendments did not meet vvith his ap probation, he should oppose them at the proper time. Col. DUNNE opposed the bill, on the ground that it would take away from persons who had no representatives in that house that protection to which they were entitltd. The injuries to which the factory people were liable were enormous. The reports showed that the manufacturers were not so ready as they ought to be to meet the cases of these injuries with redress. Mr. C.ROSSLEY supported the second reading of the bill, and vindicated the millowners from the aspersions cast on their hunrinity by the gallant member for Poem lington and the noble lord the member for Colchester. Mr. BARROW also supported the measure, and won dered why it should be opposed, seeing the great advan tages which the arbitration clause conferred on the opera fives. Tho bill was then react a second time. Adjourned at five minutes past 12 o'clock. PANAMA RAILWAY COMPANY. City Artzde.) (From, the Times' The following communication relates to the financial position of the Panama Railway Com pany. The writer is correct as regards the dividend paid and the general price of the stock, but error neously questions the statement, that the rise of one or two per cent., reported by the last packet, was wholly due to the traffic having been tempo rarily suspended via Nicaragua. His information is likewise imperfect as to the natural advantages of the Panama line having secured it the largest share of the passenger traffic and "all the freight." The competition of the Nicaragua Company lately caused the persons - interested in the Panama route to consent to a mutual arrangement for the regu lation of fares, and until Nicaragua became dis turbed in consequence of the Walker invasion that route was steadily gaining the preference for the transportation of specie : "Sir,—The remarks of the New York correspondent of the Times on Walker's proceedings in Nicaragua being calculated to create a very erroneous impression as to the position of the Panama Railway Company, I beg leave to correct his singu lar misrepresentations. So tar from both companies,' the ab ovenamed an d the Nicaragua Transit Comp an y , being reduced by ri va l r y to the condition of inability to pay any dividend, as de scribed, the last ha lf- y earl y dividend of the former, iuj e ou a p n r u e a v r i yl s sixmonths last, wasGper cent., which the fully warra n t e d, and declared receipts of th which left a considerable surplus after paying all ex penses and interest on outstanding bonds. The traffic over the Isthmus is rapidly increasing, and the stock of the company is high, as the quotation in your own city article (1051) shows ; but, so far from this resulting from the entire traffio being thrown on the line by Walker's confiscation of the property of the Nicaragua Transit Company, it is only a very slight advance on the quotations of the last 12 months. "The rivalry alluded to by your New York corre spondent was between the steamers of the Nicaragua Company and those of the United States' Mail Com pany, and has been terminated by the former selling their vessels on the West Coast to the Pacific Mail Com pany, and purchasing those of the United States' Mail Company on the Atlantic. This arrangement gives the two companies an equal interest in both routes, but the natural advantages of the Panama line have secured it the largest share of the passenger traffic and all the freight, which could never be profitably carried over the Nicaragua route. " As for any cause of apprehension which might other wise exist on the sc ore of Central American troubles, all such is removed, as regards the Panama Company , by the 35th Article of the treaty between the United States and New Grenada, which secures to the former ig of way across the Isthmus. Should this right of way be therefore, is under interfered with by Walker and his band, the Gver ment of the United States is bound to protect it. Capi tal invested in the Panama Railway', the safeguard of the United States Government, this being the only instance, except the subsequent Clayton- Bulwer treaty, in which that shield is thrown over the property of American citizens in a foreign State. " TUE LONDON AGENT FOR THI COMPANY." The Independance Beige states that the adjudication of the Xeres and Sevi ll e Railwa y has been made by the Spanish Government to the Prost Company. A letter from Pavia of the 25th ult., in the Op irrient of Turin, says :—" I have already told you of the arrest of 15 students at Padua, and I may now add that tb• cause of this arrest was the display one fine morning of the French, British, and Sardinian flags gaily waving in one of the most frequented squares of the town. Thera was a similar manifestation at Mantua some day. ago, but the authors have not yet been discovered." j LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 4, 1856., N o . 19,9111 PUBLICATIONS. of the said act to the present time ; and, of the names of all persons now eligible for appnintment to the office of County Surveyor in Ireland.—Agreed to. NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF "WOMAN'S DEVOTION." NOw ready at all the libraries, in 3 YOIS N i ARGARET AND HER BRIDESMAIDS. By the Author of " Woman's Devotion." " Thls tale is distimmished by the same freshness of feeling and enthusiasm otspirit as characterised its predecessor. Unmistakeably it is the production of no ordinary talent, and it bears a charm in Its pages that attracts irresistibly."—Sun. Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, successors to Henry Colburn. Now ready, in 2 vols., 21a., bound, JOURNAL OF 4 DVENTURES with the BRITISH ARMY, from the Commencement of the War to the Fall of Sebas- topol. By GEORGE; CAVENDISH TAYLOR, late 95th Regiment. "The evidence these volumes contain is exceedingly valuable The real state of things is here exhibited in true colours."—John Ball. Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, successors to Henry Colborne AMUSING LIBRARY.-THE BOOK OF TUN DAY r i , HE LIFE and ADVENTURES of JULES LL GERARD, the far-famed " LION-KILLER," comprising his Ten Years' Campaigns among the Lions of Northern Africa. nice 2s. Undoubtedly the most extraordinary boo7t of Adventures ever published, containing eselols and combats of a far more remarkable character than those of Gordon Cumming and others, and possessing all the intense interest of the most exciting romance. The work has produced an immense sensation on the Continent, and is calculated for universal popularity in our ewn country, N.B. To prevent mistake, order the "Complete . Adventures of Gerard, the Liou•Killer," published by Lambert and Co, 462, New Oxford-street, London. Sold at all Booksellers and all Railway Stations. The Third Edition. Just Published, price 55., by post, free, s s. . ON TRUE dr FALSE SPERMA.TORRHCEA, with the View of distinguishing the Imaginary from the Real Sufferers under this disease, and Correcting of wide-spread Errors in relation to their Treatment and Cure. Translated from the German of Dr. PICKFORD. ",Dr. Pickford is known to English readers by his frequent practi cal contributions to German medical literature. This is the first time, he Informs as, that ho has addressed himself to the nog-medi cal reader. We trust this may not be the last, if he shall detect any other equally flagrant evil which it may be in his power to cor rect."—London Medical Gazette. " The tribe of Quiet Sympathisers,' and Medical Friends,' are mercilessly exposed; and if this book could find its way into the hands of those who stiffer from the com ilaint of which it treats, we are satisfied that many hundreds would be saved much needless suffering of body and mind, and what is of less importance, though it is that which the quacks most prize— much money ......This volume is well qualified to put an end to the empirical sptem of treating Spermatorrhcea, and to place the treat meat upon a more rational and physiological basis. it is, therefore, likely to do much good." London : H. Balliere. 219, Regent-street. BREWERS AND VICTUALLERS. Mr. A. PELLA.TT moved for a return of the num ber of persOns in each of the several counties in tI4 United Kingdom licensed as brewers or victuallers, to Sell beer to be drunk on the premises, to sell beer not to be drunk on the premises, and to sell spirits in Scotland and Ireland ; stating the number of each class who brew their own beer ; particularising each class in each county, from the 10th of Oct., 1854, to the 10th day of Oot., 1855.—Agreed to. On the motion of Mr. DIMES, leave of absence was given to Mr. Long for one month, on account of domestic affliction. THE BALLOT. Mr. H. BERKELEY gave notice that on the 22d nst. he should move for leave to bring in a bill to autho +le the taking of votes at elections for members of Par liament by ballot. STATE OF GREECE. Mr. EWART inquired whether any measures were being adopted to procure the removal, by the Govdrn ment of Greece, of export duties and dimes, stated in the report from our consuls as pressing injuriously on the commerce with that country ? Lord PALMERSTON said the subject had been under consideration for some time, but - he could give no satisfactory information. The state of Greece was so unsatisfactory that the only part of it that could be tra versed with safety was three miles of road between Athens and the Pirteus, which was patrolled night and day by French cavalry. (Laughter.) - THE BLOCKADE. Mr. T. MITCHELL asked Viscount Palmerston who iher, British property to the amount of more than one million sterling...being now locked up in' Russia, it was the intention of the Government to continue the block ade of the Russian coast pending the ratification of peace ; and whether, if the blockade was to cease at once, an arrangement had been made to enable vessels to enter Russian ports for commercial purposes without risk of seizure ? Lord PALMERSTON—The Congress yesterday ex tended the armistice to sea as well as laud, as the armistice lately made known only extended to the land operation. The signature to the treaty of peace fortunately would prevent the realm ption of hostilities, and, as he had said before, the congress had extended the armistice to the sea, the block ade would cease. With respect to the latter part of the question, he must for the present decline to give any in formation. REFORMATORY SCHOOLS. Mr. MOODY asked whether any list of reformatory schools certified under the act 17th and 18th Vic., chap. 86, had been sent to the metropolitan police magistrates, to which they might send offenders convicted by them ; and, if not, whether any such list would be furnished? Sir G. GREY said no such lists had been furnished to the magistrates. Reformatories were springing up every day, but still they were as yet insufficient for the pur poses for which they were proposed to meet. The Middlesex magistrates were also constructing a refor matory, which, when completed, would afford the ma gistracy ample accommodation, and would al , o provide them with proper places to which to send juvenile offenders. JOINT STOCK COMPANIES BILL. Mr. HENLEY gave notice that ta-morrow he shou d ask the house to recommit, pro forma, the Joint Stock Companies Bill, seeing there were no less HOUSE OF LORDS—(YreeTriaDiee). than 120 amendments an the paper to that bill. The LORD CHANCELLOR took his seat on the wool- CUSTOM-HOUSE RETURNS. Mr. WILSON moved that the order made yesterday, sack at five o'clock. On the motion •of Lord REDESDALE "S winner- on the motion of Mr.l.elitchell, for certain returns relative , ton's Name Bill was read a second time . to the Custom-house, should be discharged. The returns had be en i i ordered o e hri be e ith ou very t i, , e the e consent eveein t to A.e of grant theG othe m ver n_ , - . DELMERE FORESTS BILL. went, and t would the motion of Lord STA NLEY of A LDERLEY at the same time he referred to the comp l a ints that had this bill was read a second time and passed. been male of the increased expense of printing, and re- SECRETARY TO IRISH POOR LAW BI LL. minded the house that yesterday returns had been Ore the motion of Lend STANLEY of ALDERLEY ordered almost identical with returns that had previ the Secretary to the Irish Law Commissioner Bill was ously been ordered by the house. read a third time and passed. TRANSPORTATION. TURKISH CONSULAR ESTABLISHMENTS. Mr. SCOTT moved for a se l e ct committee to consi Lord SHAFTESBURY gave notice t hat on the re- der how far, and in what direct ion, recent le g islation - turn of the Secretary of State for Foreign A ffairs, he should move for a select committee to inq uire into and the substitution of other punis hments for transpor- tation the Consular Establishments of the Turkish E m p ire. , has influenced the existing a mount of crime. Crime , he said, had of late greatly increased, and it was TORTURE IN MADRAS. The Earl of ALBEMA.RLE rose to move f or an ad- desirable to ascertain how far recent legislation , with reference to the substitution of transportation for dress to her Majesty for a copy of an order, dated sth of other punishment, bad tended to w ard s that in- crease. The Secretary for the Home Departme nt had July, 1855, from C. I. Shubrick, Esq. , co l le ctor and magistrate of Chingleput, to Streevansee Row, Tehsil - dar (native collector) of Pariapollium, a district in given notice of an amendment to his (Mr. Scott's) mo that co s ev ere directing him ; under penalty tion, which he thought was too narrow, viz., for a select of a " severe order," to collect the Government committee to inquire into the operation of the 16th and 17th Vic., c. 99, intituled an act to aubatitut© in certain loom-tax from certain weavers in his district , "without leaving—any—parte whaterer unrealised . e cases other punishment in lieu of transportation. In a copy of petitions, dated I st of Aug ., 1855, to C. 1 1. the case..of herr tie thought that the present short. im Shubrick, Esq., in his fiscal capacity, of several weavers the inflicted on them, and the manner in which of Pariapollium, setting forth the cruel tortures to which they were treated tended to make them confirmed cri they were subjected by the !Wive collector , Streevansee urinals rather than to reform them, and he instanced Row, on the 27th and 28th days of July, for the non- the case of a boy he had seen in a prisoa near that payment of the Government loom-tax, praying for house who was undergoing his 26th sentense amidst a respite from payment on account of their 50 other boys, and no doubt one teaching the other poverty, and in consequence of many of their wickedness. This subject required the earnest attention inhabitants having ab-conded from their village ;, of the Government, and the investigation of that house. a copy of the depositions taken before the aforesaid C. ' They had, it was true, voluminous details with reference t o crimp , but it I Shubrick, Esq.. in his capacity o f ma g istrate, on the i was impossible for them to ascertain the real facts of the case from them, and therefore it was 23d of August, 1855, of 14 weavers, respecting the tor- I that he asked for this committee. Between 1829 and tures inflicted upon them by the aforesaid Streevansee ! Row, on the 2 7th an d 28th da y s of July, 1855, in order I 1854, ca p ital which ( In 1829 the convictions for six mont hs and under to realise the whole of the Government loom-tax, of averaged 50 per cent., but now they were 71 per evidence led to the conviction of that officer : a copy cent., for out of 23,000 convictions, from 16,000 to the opinion, if such has been given, by the Governor and 1 17,000 underwent punishments of six months and und er . Council of M a dras, or the Court of Foujdaree Adawl ut, The estimates for this year showed that the expense for or other superior auth orities, in res p ect to the decision 1 law and criminal jurisprudence had doubled sinc e 1848, of C I. Shubrick , E s q ., j oint collector and magistrate having now reached 2,650,0001., and which they would of Chingleput, in the ca se of the aforesaid 14 weavers of I ,be called upon to-morrow to vote. The population of Pariapollium, by which the Tehsildar Slrevansee Row I this country increased greater than most other countries, was sentenced to pay a fine of only 5 rupees (or 10s.) ' and ie was strange to say that our prison population in for having collected the Government tax on looms by creased at a more rapid rate Oral the increase of the po the instrumentality of torture from the weavers in ques pulation. There passed annually through the prisons lion ; and to call the attention of the house to the . of this country as many persons as the population of Bedfordshire, Berkshire, and Buckinghamshire nature of the tax called " Moturpha," of which the , put together, and in twelve years as many as loom-tax is a part. The noble earl said he did not , the population of Middlesex, large as it was. In 1815 think that the papers for which he moved would he pro brought an influx of crime on the country. In duced, but he would avail himself of that Opp rrtunity to 1854 and 1855, in a time of war, the returns gave 101 lay before their lordships some statements of a very i lece horrible description of the torture inflicted in the Ma- 1 `cent, . G o o v v e e r that of the preceding ten years. Fr 0 n the per cent. over that of the preceding year, and 71 per dress presidency, and also to the tax called the " Motur pha." Since the last report was received 14 fresh cases ' of torture had occurred, t r which he had referred in his last l coe rnment returns, issued in 1850, the prison motion. The tex called "Moturpha" was a most ins- ' apooiitan application police.t population the entire given at one in one hundred and forty pdeephuhl a s t ion reports of relativethe the effect lfe the r n r e eferred t e t n o_ ti C re ol. of the late act for the substitution of penal servitude for qurtous one. The word was Arabic, and was indicative of the barbarous nature of the tax, which was introduced into India by the Mahometans. Lord Cornwallis, who transportation,. th who, he thought, was rather over san was well known for his humanity, when he ascer tained the existence of this tax, abolished it intakingt g dt a hvee ticket -of rip-olreeats leave ei o e s n yeel t te h es a len t oftherew a cs r jt; t o urn h e i reliedis matter. If his return was, however, 1793 throughout the British possessions in Bengal. was e a reform e a n tiO Some years afterwards it was abolished in Bombay. It and Government had adopted it never existed in the district of the Punjaub, and, in• els He thou ni h t t an opinion on the question. He made f let, it was only retained in the presidency of Madras, !mistaken m n stth k e i a n d d v n i e e s e s, g a f the judges, and those who were which had become remarkable for its tenacity concan r a the superintendents of the metro again ! c ompetent togive o and r e et f urn of the ticket-of-leave men in ins these most cruel practices. In July last year 14 unfortunate individuals were seized and tortured for the non-payment of this tax. They were obliged to t p h e e r ir e d en is t t . r e ic ol e t , huese d etoo h ovriet o i u o n n d e, a t o ha d t he they le o found, numbered an and he stand under a burning sun with' their bodies bent to the ground, arid with a 121 b. weight upon r i . t so w pe h r e i n et t e h n e de p o o te lice w b er il e l each of their backs, the effect of which was, as it were, lea e v rnmeel to strike a severe blow upon the spinal cord. begged eedbetfhore frome it, that these prohibitedf giving information such as he They were pinched by two men at a time on each via applied to them 0 4. e 0v without the consent of the Home time, who had subsequently to bear the weight of one man Secretary. The thought that, by with on the back of each. They were kept in this miserable state from the hour of 8 in the morning till 10 at night, favourems name in the return that it was a secrecy inthe man, but such was not and the system was resumed the next day. In fact one Iwell known e man died in a day or two afterwards, his whole offence I the case. He was to the police, and on his re holding sticker-of. turn to his own neighbourhood he was looked on with being that of a defaulter to the Government to the suspicion by employers, and in many instances could not amount of ss. 2d. Tel. was continued from day to day einpioyineet, and he was consequently thrown into where large and populous cities, he hail recourse to his I obtain the money by the sale of their or former evil habits. The hon. gentleman entered into The Duke of ARGYLL said, on the part of the Go- some ether details with reference f to crime, and quoted vernment, there would not be the slightest objection t o the opinion of the late i‘ . Sergeant Adams in confir give the papers moved for by the nob le earl . A p ortion motion of his opinion with r reference to the ticket-of of the papers would have to be sent for to India ; and if leave men. For his own e ti p e ttet, he could not see why it was the wish of the noble lord he would transportation was abandoned. d He believed that was produce the papers, with this exception. The Government had the greatest wish that the office, He knew, a no v w er tyhagtrepaetamceiswtaakeeeeotathhlioeshCedolonial there was considerable system of torture should be abolished, and, notwith- a pprehension as to a large body ' of men being disbanded, standing the difficulties that stood in the way, he trusted and that there might, consequently, be an increase of ultimately the object would be attained. (Hear.) crime. He believed, therefore, that the time was come The Earl of ALBEMARLE stated that if the Go when they must repeal the law which did away with vernment would admit the statements he had made transportation. That was ,system which o ug ht never from papers already in his possession , he would not in to have been done awa y with. All the judges of Eng sist on the production of the papers he had moved for. land, Ireland, and S cotland, and all the recorders, we re The motion was agreed to. against the law which did away with transportation. It Their Lordships then adjourned, was said the Australian colonies would not take our cri minals ; but it should be borne in mind that Australia was as big as Europe. He would read to the house one extract from the report of Col. Jebb and Capt. Bryant, who said that "however well ticket-of-leave men may be placed, the majority of them do find their way back to their old heunts and old companions. We regret that-anything should prevent those young men from en tering upon a new career in a distant colony," In Bel gium there -was no poor law, and every child found beg ging was liable to be placed in a reformatory. He believed that would be a great improvement in this country, especially as regarded young women, a n d ho thought the Government should come forward with some measure for the reformation of children convicted merely of vagrancy. The hon. gentleman concluded by moving so that it might few select committee on th e sub j ect. Mr. L. DAVIES seco nded the motion. He regretted the right hon. baronet (Sir G. Grey) had not f rame d hi s amendment e ed the returns showed that, though the popu ecent offi ciallation doubled in 58 years, crime doubled in 64 years. H e found, by a return which had recently been presented in another - place, that since 1853 the convicts who bad received licenses or tickets of leave were 5,152. Out of that number 447, since receiving their license, had been again convicted, or charged with offences ; 179 licenses were revoked, and 554 were withheld for misconduct ; so that, out of the 5,152 theye were 1,180 found unworthy. If he referred to the existing nate of society, he need only'mention the dread which every person laboured under. whose dwelling was approached by ticket-of-leave men. He knew an instance of a member of that house whose dwelling had been attacked four times by ticket-of-leave men,who were driven Dated this third day of April, IS c 6. JAS. M CGREGOR, 10, Sise-lane, (Witness) GEORGE J %ME+ HARRINGTON, Clerk to the said James MacGregor. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE COMMONS.—CrEsTERDAY.) The SPEAKER took the chair at the usual hour. LUNATIC RETU RNS. Mr. TITE moved for returns of the total number -of lunatics in respf•ct of whom commissions of lunacy are now in force, and of the total amount of their annual incomes, and the total amount of the sums allowed for their maintenance ; for each year, from 1850 to 1855, iwelusive, of the number of lunatics in respect of whom commissions issued ; distinguishing those in respect of whom commissions are now in force ; and of the num ber of criminal lunatics now under confinement.— Agreed to. FIRE INSURANCES. Mr. OLIVEIRA. moved for a d L umber of returns re• lative to fire insurances. —Agreed to. COUNTY SURVEYORS (IRELAND). Mr. VANCE moved for returns of the dates of the Commissions issued by the Irish Government for the examination of candidates for the office of County Sur veyor in Ireland since the passing of the Act 3 and 4 Will. IV., c. 116, to the present time ; of the na nes of the examiners appointed in the abovenamed commissions for such examinations ; of the names of all persons cer tified to be qualified by the said Boards of Examiners, and returned to the Irish Government for appointment, with the dates of such examination 'and return, frdm the, paasing of the said act to the present time ; of - the allocation of qualified candidates to - the va rious counties and districts, showing the aCceptance or refusal of office, the transfer, retirement, dismissal, or, death, with the date of each event, from the passing away by the gentleman and his servants armed. It might be asked how it was known they were ticket-of-leave men. It was known in this way. They were taken up the next day for another offence, and their shoes corres ponded exactly with the foot-prints at the gentleman's house. Were they then to harbour a system of this sort, which destroyed every comfort? These hardened men would perpetrate every violence - if* in order to achieve th,e object they bad in view a r e were means of employing those men on the pile " orks, and, at the end of the period for which they worked, they should receive the surplus doe to them, which would enable them either to start in some business in this country or to go to the colonies. Under these circumstances he thought it behoved the house to make.some provision to meet the exigencies of this case, and he hoped the right hon. Bart. would so enlarge his ariendment that there need be no division on the motion; Sir G. GREY said he would state shortly the object which he had in 'view in giving notice :of the amendment which he had placed on the paper; artdAe thought that the e impression that he had in reference toathe terms of the • motion had been fully confirmed by the speech of the hon. mover, and alio of his seconder: He erzaafraid; on looking at. the motion, that it would lead to a very vague and in- definite inquiry, extending over a great variety of subjects which probably would occupy thitexamittee the remainder of the session, without producing any satisfactory results —producing a great mass of evidence, but he doubted whe ther there could be any report, The terms of the motion were to direct the select committee "to consider :low far and in what direction remit )egislation, and he sub stitution of other punishment for transportation, has in fluenced the existing amomit of mime sow that, yin addition to an inquiry into the, act of Vts3, which abo lished transportation in the greirnlajorirrotnastre-the hon. member proposed to inquire into the whole subject of reformatories, and in addition'to that to inquire into the whole system as bearing on the question of the punishment of crime, and moreover that the committee should inquire into all collateral subjects. If the committee were ap pointed with the view stated by the hon. member for Ber wickshire, and of his seconder, it would be necessary to inquire into the licensing system, it being stated that the amount of crime dependd more or less on the number of beer-houses and public-houses. There was nothing more general than the terms of the motion, and therefore he thought it desirable to limit the inquiry, so that the com mittee might address themselves to some practical object, But in saying that, he did not in the least wish to limit the inquiry, as the hon. member for Berwickshire seemed to , think ho did ; but he thought it should have reference to se bondary punishments, and he considered that the terms of his motion did not restrict inquiry into that subject. He did not wish to enlarge the terms, but his object was merely to define them. Having said thus much with regard to the amendment, which he hoped would obviate the necessity of any discussion, as they had all, he trusted, the same object in view on the present occasion, he would proceed to notice some of the observations made by the hon. member (Mr. Scott.) It would be unnecessary for him to go fully into the act of 1853, as it would be easier to give details as to the operations of that act before the committee ths.riii was to state them in the house; but with reference to the increase of crime, which had been alluded to both by the mover and seconder of the motion, let him say he thought there was an exaggerated notion of the increase of crime in the country which was not warranted by the documen , tary evidence before them, and was inconsistent with the facts. He held in his hand a return lately made by Mr. Redgrave, to the Home-office. It was true this return did not include the class of summt.ry convictions, but it must be recoll3ctel that the increase of summary convic tions was the result of recent alterations in the law. Mr. Redgrave stated the total number of commitments of cri minals, t ken ie reference to the circumstances to which he adverted in the openinepart of his r: port as to summary convictions for the last 21 years. This of course included all the graver offences for which persons had been com mitted, and in taking into account the increase or decrease of crime they ought to bear in mind, not merely the num ber of persons committed to prison, but the gravity of the offences. He would not go through the return, but he might state that while in 1834 the commitments were 22,251, in ies4 they were 29,359. But then there was an important element that was not stated here, and that was the increase of population during that period. He would, however, take two 3 ears, 1311 and 1851, the two years in which the census was taken, and he found that in 1841 the number of commitments was 27,760, and in 1851 it was 27,910, while in the interval there had been au increase of population in England and Wales of more than two mil lions. Ho had no doubt that in the last year, as com pared with 1853, there had been an increase of about 2,000 ; but it was some satisfaction to be enabled to state that the increase was confined to the lower Glass of crimes. He thought it right to state thus much in order to show that the statements as to the increase of crime hail beau exaggerated. And then, with regard to the increase of expenditure for law and justice as com pared with previous years, hero again the hon. menabtet omitted some circumstances which ought to be taken into account. In the first place, there was no doubt that the abolition of transportation, in the great majority of cases, under the act of 1853, had materially increased the ex penditure, by requiring the enlargement of establishments. A great portion of that expentatite, however, would not be perpetual. There was no doubt, als6, Unit the reten tion of criminals in this country did increase the expendi ture. It must also be borne in mind, when they were speaking of an increase of the expenditure on account of law and justice at present, as compared with that it was tan years ago, that they had taken upon the public revenue the expense of the maintenance of all prisoners, a portion of which was previously borne locally. He would proceed now to notice some of the remarks of the hon. gentleman (Mr. Scott) with regard to persons sentenced for secondary punishment. The hon. member objected to the nita tion, he (Sir G. Grey) proposed as to the act of 1853, that the operation of that act was of short duratiou, that it might lc called an expiring act, inasmuch as transporta tion ceased the operation of the act as to tickets-of-leave would gradually diminish. But that was only a small portion of the act of 1853. The object of that act was not so much to enable the Crown to grant limited pardon by means of licenses granted to convicts, but its great object was to abolish transportation except in cases in which the sentence by law could not be less than transportation for life or for 14 years. The great majority of cases of trans portation were for periods of less than 14 years. Conse quently the act of 1833 practically abolished transporta tion in six-sevenths or more of the cases liable to transpor tation. The result was that in 1354—he had not got the re turns of last year—in the UnitedKinglom there were only 399 persons sentenced to transportation, whereas in the pre ceding year, the year immediately preceding the act of 1853, there were no less than 3,059 persons so sentenced. He thought that was a most important change. It was a change which the hos. gentleman said he regretted ; it was a change which the hon. gentleman who seconded the mo tion also said he regretted : and ho collected from their speeches that they ought to inquire whether they ought not to advert to a system of transportation. They said—at least the hon. member for Berwickshire said--that the system of transportation was a valuable one, and he did not deny it, but that it was hastily abandoned. So far, however, from its being hastily abandoned by the Government, the aban donment was forced on the Government. Without raising a just cause of quarrel and contention with some of our most important colonies, it was absolutely impossible to continue to send convicts to the Australian colonies. Even in Weetern;Australie there was no great facility for carry ing out transportation. No doubt a new colony was anxious to obtain the services of convicts on public works, in order to make it the more inviting to free settlers. To the pre sent time there had been great benefits derived to that colony from the labours of convicts. One great inconveni ence always arose from the large number of the criminal population. The convicts, either from their previous ha bits of drunkenness and debauchery, or that their consti tutions were worn out, really were not fit for hard labour, and a large proportion of them were obliged to be treated comparatively as invalids, and it would be imposing a bur den on a colony to send to it prisoners who could not labour. He need not dwell longer on the subject of transportation, because he did not think they were ;ikely to revert to it ; hut at the same time, under the terms of this amendment, it was clear the committee might, if they thought fit, con sider the subject of transportation generally, and they of course might consider the expediency of the change effected by that act. He would say a few words with regard to the operation of the present system in this country. The hon. member had alluded to the number of persons who had received tickets of leave, and the number whose tickets of leave had been revoked. The hon. gentleman who spoke last had certainly misapprehended the result, when he said that out of 5,152 convicts who since the passing of the act had received licenses 1,10), or 1,20), had forfeited them. Now that was not the case. The 417 convicts who, after license, had been charged with subsequent offences and convicted of an offence which entailed the penalty of trans portation, had not their licenses revoked. The sentence itself revoked it. Then there were 179 who had been con victed of minor offences, who had bean sentenced to impri sonment, say for 3 or 6 months, but for a term less than the original sentence which the convict would have had to serve if he had not had a license. Them there were 524 in the last item of the return who had never received their license, and they wore not included in the 5,152 ; but they were convicts who for their conduct in prison had had their licenses withheld beyond the usual term. If a con vict did not misconduct himself he obtained a letter of license after a certain period. A prisoner sentenced to 7 years' transportation obtained a license in three years and a half, and a convict sentenced to ten years would obtain it in five, and so on. '.l;,hen it was said that those tickets-of leave were given on proof of reformation and as a reward. Now that was really not the fact, and there was a great deal of mis tpprehension on that part of the subject. They were withheld where the conduct of the prisoner was so bad as clearly to show they did not-deserve them, but in the majority of cases, if the prisoners conducted themselves pro perly, and did not transgress the prison rules, they were, according to existing regulations, entitled to the tickets of leave. While a convict remained in prison, removed from temptations to which he had been in the habit, it might be, of yielding, of course no opportunity was afforded of test ing the sincerity of his reformation. It was said that the returns on this point were not strictly accurate, and that no doubt was the case. It had been found impossible to obtain accurate returns of all the convicts who had re ceived licences in the cases referred to. The object of the licence was to enable the convict to obtain an honest living, and the demand for labour during the last two or three years had been so great that hardly any difficulty existed in getting employment. The instructions given to the me tropolitan police that they should not interfere with ticket-of-leave holders whom they had reason to believe were honestly earning their living, but that they might in terfere if they found them leading a dishonest life, and as sociating with bad characters. The hon. member had stated that it was the practice to revoke these licences on the holders being again convicted. When they were found lead ing dishonest lives, and associating with bad characters, the license was not at once revoked, but a warning was given that it would be revoked if the holder continued in such courses, and very often that had the desired. effect. The hon. member had referred to another point on which be wished to make a remark. The hon. member had stated that tickets of leave were granted to persons sentenced to trans portation, and withheld from persons sentenced to penal servitude. In comparing the two cases the hon. member had omitted one important coneideration, which Was that a person sentenced before the net passed 'was' Sentenced for Wu years' transportation, but after.the act. passed the sen tence was four years' rifler - servitude - . - If a:ticket of leave was given to the person bisntenced to penal servitude, when a third of his term dr' punishment had expired, it would be introducing that very injasticeof which. the hon. gentleman had so much complained. In introdueing.the bill in the House of Lerch the Lord Chetteellor explained the change which it contemplated, awl stated that it pro posed, 'instead of the shorter periods of transportation, to substitute certain periods of penal servitudeln this coon= try, varying from fold to ten years; The intentiou of the Government was that that part of the period of transpor tation which used to be passed in this country should still • be passed in penal servitude. Parliament intended. with regard to sentences of transportation, that tickets of leave should be given in this country, instead of in the cold. tries, and with regard to sentences of penal servitude, that tickets of leave should only be given in special, cases. With that view the act was passed, Parliament, n 9 doubt, feeling that they would not be justified in establishing a general systere of tickets of leave and general licences in' the cases of penal eervitudo. With respect to_ the difficulty cf convicts obtaining labour, that had not arisen from the ticket-of-leave system, but from ;he substituting punishmentin this country, instead of punishment by transportation to the colonies. No . one. could deny that transportation had very great advantages to the country, and even to the convicts themselves. By I means of transportation the country got rid eta large pee -1 (ion of the criminal population, with little or no chance. of its returning, while the convicts, once in the colony, were employed in honest labour; and in the course of time be calm) merged in the general mass of colonialhOeiety. It was impossible to deny, however; that some of the colonies had great and just complaint of • the infusion of ii crimina population in their growing society. It was owing to the re monstrances of the colonists on that point that the Govern ment of this country, felt themselves called on to sacrificethe advantages which thiscountry derived from transportation, Mel commie the wishes of the colonists. Many of the holders of tickets of leave, it was asserted, finding great di-family ire obtaining employment in this country, were driven back to their old associates as the only chance they had of get ting a living. Looking to the operation of the act of 1853, on that most important point he had no wish to propose any amendment to the motion that would preclude the committee from giving that point their consideration. He, however, dissented from the suggestion which had been made for collecting and employing those convicts in some one place. He believed that that would be a most inju rious, if not an impracti ;able, plan, and that the whole district would remonstrate against any concentration of ticket-of-leave labour. It would be injurious to the men themselves to allow them to associate together. The great -object ought to be to separate them as much as possible, giving them every facility to obtain employment. It would be in the power of the committee to inquire into that point if they thought fit, but he had stated the objec tions be felt with regard to it. Having noticed the main points in the speech of the hon. member, he hoped be would be satisfied with the object which he had in view in his amendment, but that he would limit his inquiry to the penal system established by the act of 1853. Ile might say that he thought it highly desirable that ticket-of-leave men should not be allowed to return to the place where they had been convicted. The general .practice had been to allow ticket-of-leave holders to go where they pleased ; but in special cases it was desirable, he thought, to limit their tickets, and to exclude them from the particular county in which they wore tried. He would not say more, asit would be in his power, if the committee were appointed to enter fully into details before it. He had explained the object of his amendment, and he hoped the hon. gen tleman would be setisfied with it, and not think it neces sary to divide the house ou the subject. The right hon. baronet concluded by moving a select committee to inquire into the operation of the act 16th and 17th Viet., c. 99, intituled "An Act to substitute in certain Cases other Punisher:mute in lieu of Transportation." Sir J. PAKINGTON said this was a subject of the highest importance at all times, and particularly at the present time, and he therefore thought the house was in debted to the hon. member for Berwickshire for bringing it forward. He was disposed to agree with the right hon. b tronet that the terms of the motion wore rather vagne and indefinite. On the other hand, he was inclined to think that the amendment of the right hon. gentleman was too restricted in its terms, and that the committee ought by all means to consider the question of the policy or iro policy of reviving transportation. (Hear.) He did not recollect from what had fallen from the right hon. gentle man, whether ho held that the committee would be at liberty to investigate, not only the operation of the law, but the terms of the law itself. For his own part, he (Sir J. Pakington) was not at all satisfied with it as it now stood ; and if Parliament came to the 'conclusion—as it very likely would—that it was undesirable to revive ' transportation, it might then bo necessary that the terms of the act of 1853 should be reconsidered. Perhaps the right honourable gentleman was hardly aware of the ex treme haste and precipitation with which that act was 'reseed. The session of 1852-3 was one of an unusually protracted and laborious character; and it was not till the month of August, when very few members were left in town, that the act was introduced. Dr was passed, in fact, by an exhausted house and almost without discussion. He should be glad to know, first, whether the right hon. baronet considered that the committee would really be at liberty to consider the terms of the act. (Sir G. GREY— " Hear.") He wished also to ask upon what principle sen tences of transportation continued to be imposed? It would be in the recollection of the house that it was the Govern ment of Lord Derby which had decided that transporta tion, except to a limited extent, should cease. He did not claim any merit for Lord Derby's Government on that account. All the leading public men at that time were 1 so thoroughly convinced that transportation must be 1 put an cud to, that, whoever hail been in office, he was coavinced that the change must have taken place. The right hon. baronet had, however, underrated the reasons which existed at that time for the alte ration. He had put it solely on the objection of the colonists of Van Dieinen's Land to receive any more con victs. No doubt the feelings of the colonists were such as could not with prudence be neglected ; but there was another reason against the continuance of transportation of such weight that it must have prevailed, even if the colony had petitioned the G vernment to send them more convicts. He alluded to the discoveries of gold in Australia. It would never have done to continue sending out persons as a punishment to a part of the globe, which so many wore attracted to by the hope of gain. (Rear.) If Lord Derby's Government had continued in office, it would have become his (Sir J. Pakington's) duty to have devised some substi tute for transportation. In 1852 he accordingly drew up a memorandum of the system which he thought ought to be adopted, and which expressed his own individual views. In that document he stated that he did not propose to put au end to the punishment of transportation for the greater crimes, but that the system of sending out several thousand convicts every year must be given up. Ile pro posed, therefore, that long imprisonments should be sub stituted for sentences of transportation for 7 or 10 years, but that persons who would have been transported for 10 years and upwards should still continue to be transported, and should be sent to Western Australia. He (Sir J. Pakington) should be glad to know how far her Majesty's Government concurred in that view. They had substituted imprisonment for the shorter periods of transportation, and at the same time they retained transportation to some ex tent. So far he concurred with them ; but he confessed he' still retained the opinion that transportation should be the punishment reserved for offences next in •gravity below thos I for which the extreme penalty of death was awarded. In 1853 he put a question on that subject to the noble lord who was then at the head of the Homo-office, and he was told that no such principle would be recognised, but that sentences of transportation should continue to be inflicted at the discretion of the courts and of the Home-office. To take, for example, the case of Strahan and Paul, who had been sentence I to it years' transportation—no one could tell whether those persons would be sent to Western Australia or to Gibraltar or Bermuda, or whether they would be de teined at home in wile' servitude. The right hon. baronet said with great truth that sentences should be obvious and intelligible; and, without committing himself to the doc trine that the length of the penal servitude should. be equal to the time for which the person would have bean trans ported, he (Sir J. Pakington) did think that the period of penal servitude had been made too short. There was no one that had had any experience in the administration of justice but must often have witnessed painful scenes when sentences of transportation wore passed, and he had no hesitation in saying that a sentence of expatriation for 7 years was one that would have a much more powerful iu fluence not only upon the criminal himself, but upon his relations and friends—would in short be a much more de terring punishment—(hear, hear)—than a sentence of penal servitude for four years. There could hardly be a question that a sentence of imprisonment for four years to a young man —and nearly all those who used to be seae tented to 7 years' transportation were young—was not an equivalent for the old sentence, especially if even that short term of imprisonment might be still further reduced by a ticketeof-leave. But as they advanced higher the dispro portion between the old and the new scale of punishment became still more glaring. For 15 years' transportation there had been substituted not less than six years' servi tude nor more than eight. For a still grkver class of crimes for which a sentence of 20 years' transportation was occa sionally inflicted, ton years' servitude was now awarded ; and there was no medium between that and a sentence of imprisonment for life. That, he certainly thought, was an undesirable state of things. (Hear, hear.) . With re gard to tickets-of-leave, that was a system which Lord Derby's Government had certainly never contemplated, and of which the noble lord opposite was entitled to the whole credit or otherwise. When it was first introduced it was regarded with great disapprobation and great ape prehension ; and the question had arisen that night whe ther those feelings had been justified by the thrown stances of the case. For his own part he did not knew whether the facts that had been stated were-sufficient on which to express an opinion. Colonel Jebb had informed him that in the two years during which the system had been in operation about 4,000 tickets of leave had been granted. Sir G. GREY here handed to the right hon. gentleman a manuscript report which had been made to the Govern* ment only a few days before. n u Sir el); Colonel Jobb told him that only 5 per cent. had beeh b fr_, feited by the misconduct of those to whom they d o P f A t li i e l k N e t G s T o O f N l e found from ben, that report s u that the granted. He (Sir J. Pakington) that was not at all a discouraging result, but it s bou e ra ted membered that the system had as yet only operh upon transportation under the old system. (Hear.) If criminals of the gravest class were to be retained in this country, it would become a seri ouspersons who had been sentenced to question whether they should be discharged entirely , confessed be thought that free, or - whether, when liberated, they shoUld not be re tained for a time under the check which the ticket of leave undoubtedly imposed. He was disposed to believe that it would be better to continue the ticket-of-leave system, bat he would extend the period of imprisonment, leaving' to the prisoner the encouragement of knowing that if he con ducted himself well he would not be detained for the whole term for which he was sentenced. . Mr. LABOUCRERE thought - there could be no tlOubt at:ail that the committee would have power to consider any amendment to the existing law which might be suggested, . __ - „~ [PRICE 4D. STAMPED SD• and s indeed, to take the whole subject is its broadest sense into consideration, and for that purpoe he would suggest an addition to the amendment. With regard to the ques tion of how far transportation was now carried out, it must be remembered that there was but one place to which convicts could be sent, and that was Western Australia, and all persons who were transported would be sent there, consideration being had to the nature of the labour which was required in that colony. In reality there had not been a sufficient number of convicts who were of that kind that were required in that colony, and consequently not sa many had been sent as were required. It mast be borne in mind, however, that the colony was not capable of receiving a very great number of convicts ; and it must also be borne in mind that convicts could only be sent so long as the co lonists were willing to receive them. At' present the sys tem was working extremely well, and the convicts in the great majority of instances had conducted themselves pro perly. There was no great body of sub: antial settlers in that 'colony, in consequence of the groat change which had taken place in the prospects of the other portion of Austra lia. The whole of this subject would be referred to the com mittee, and that committee would prosecute its iinjuiry into every branch of the - system which was under consideration. Mr. ADDERLEY hoped that the practice of expatriat ing felont would never be revived, and commented at some upon the vinous plans that had been adopted for the management of convicts at home, especially as regarded the attempts to' establish reformatory schools 'or otherwise instruct and reclaim the inmates of our criminal prisons.. After a few words from Mr. BAIN - ES, Mr. NE WDEG.A.TE remarked upon the advantages that Might be obtained by. utilising the labour of convicts in the colonies, and upon the better chances of reforming the criminal when transferred to a new - country, and removed from his old haunts and associates. • Sir S. NORTHCOTE suggested that among other topics" the treatment to be adopted towards prisoners upon their discharge should form a. subject of inquiry by the select committee. Mr. J. FITZGERALD urged the revival of transporta tion, feeling convinced that it was the most eligible form ot secondary punishment. . a . Mr. SCOTT briefly replied, and havhieraibissented to modify the terms of - his motion, - Sir G. GREY withdrew his amendment, and the rose lution, in its remodelled shape, was agreed to. SPECIALTY AND SIMPLE CONTRACT DEBTS, Mr. MALINS obtained leave to bring in a bill to abolish all distinctions between specialty and contract debts. According to the law as it now stands, specialty creditors had a preference over simple contract creditors, when the payment was to be made from real property. When the property was insufficient, the specialty creditors swept all away, leaving nothing for the simple contract creditors. • • • • CRIMINAL APPROPRIATION OF -TRUST . PROPERTY. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL moved for leave to bring in a bill to amend the hew relating to criheinal appropria tion of trust property held by persons as trustees or bailees, The hon. and learned gentleman said that the necessityfor this bill arose from the insufficient protection which the law at present afforded against misappropriation of property by persons entrusted with it in the character of trustees or . bailees. ' Udder the common law, a person who obtained lawful 'possession of property could not be made criminally responsible for its fraudulent appropriation. For in stance, if a 'carrier, who was entrusted with goods to carry, stole them, he could not be made criminally responsible ; if goods were deposited with an artisan or tradesman for repair, Stc., he also might have appropriated them to his own use, without making himself criminally responsible. The courts, however, had been astute enough to apply, to some extent, a remedy for this defect in 'the law, by hold ing that if a carrier broke open the parcel entrusted to him and appropriated any portion of the contents to his own use, he was guilty of larceny. So, if a tradesman removed the watch from the watch-case, and sold the case, he also was held to be guilty of larceny. Such was the state of the common law untilcertain exceptions had been int • laced by the Legislature. If servants keep the property of their mas ters, the statute law now declared them to be guilty of era bezzlement ; and 'bankers, agents; and factors were also made criminally responsible if they misappropriated pro perty deposited with them ; but to this day a trustee who misappropriated trust property was only civilly respons ible, and the Insolvent or Bankruptcy Courts would clear him from the consequences. He proposed to do away `with that anomaly, and to put all persons entrusted with funds for trust purposes on the same footing as bankers iu respeCt to securities deposited with them. He also proposed to do away with the technical rule of law by which, if a pereon acquired property for a special purpose, and afterwards misappropriated Who was not held guilty of larceny, as it appeared to him (the Attorney-General) that it did not matter whether a person had the felonious intention at the time he got possession of the property or only at the time of misappropriating it. (Hear.) Mr. WALPOLE wished to know whether, as a trustee was to be made criminally responsible, he would barelieved from his civil responsibility ? The ATTORNEY-GENERAL said that a trustee would still be liable in the civil courts. Mr. MALINS highly approved of the bill, as he had con tinually seen the necessity of such a measure in the course of his professional-practice. . Mr. BOWYER also agreed in the general provisions of the bill, but it would require to be dealt with with great care and attention, lest it should inflict great hardship upon trustees, who performed a most thankless office, and who generally committed breaches of trust not with any criusi sial intention, but to oblige the pirties beneficially inte rested. If they were to add to the liability of trustees the risk of a criminal prosecution it would make their position a groat deal more dangerous. That fear would make tees very much alarmed. He merely mentioned this as a caution to the house iu entertaining the measure in question. The ATTORNEY-XENERAL begged to assure the house that he was most sensibly alive to the danger which had been pointed out by the hon. and learned member, but he thought that danger had heea avoided by the word ing of the bill. Leave was then given to bring in the bill. JOINT STOCK BANK DIRECTORS' ELECTION BILL. Sir J. SHELLEY moved-for leave to bring in a bill to amend the law relating to the election Of - directors of joint stock banks in England. The act which related to this subject was passed in 1844, and by the 4th section of that act it was provided that retiring directors should not be re-elected fora period of 12 calendar months. The object of the present bill was to enable shareholders if they thought fit, to re-elect at once directors that might be le tiring. The bill would not interfere with the election of new directors—with infusing new blood into the direction. It wgs evident that by the act as at present constituted, as• soon as & director was sufficiently experienced in his busi ness, although he might be the best man in the direction, he was incapacitated from farther serving the shareholders. He might mention that five of the principal joint stock banks at present existing were established before this act came into force, and were therefore not subject to its pro visions. The present sot applied to three other banks, and if tho principle were good for any, it surely would be good for'all. His object was to leave the whole direction in the hands of the shareholders themselves, upon the principle of self-government which now. so extensively pre vailed. The bill was a very short one, and did not affect anything but the ineligibility of directors to re-election until after a period of 12 calendar months. The CHA.NCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said he had no objection to the introduction of the bill. He had considerable doubts as to the policy of altering the provi ions of the present act, which had been very carefully con sidered by Sir. R. Peel. •The same principle was followed with respect to the election of the Governors of the Bank of England. As at present advised, he thought there was not nil:iciest ground for altering the existing law, but any objections which he had to make he would reserve, to a future occasion. ' Mr: JOHN. MACGREGOR, in seconding the motion, said that Sir R. Peel had 'expressed to him his doubts whether it would not he necessary to make some change in the law. The very best and most responsible man 'had been often kept out of the direction in a state of suspense for four years. He was very glad that the hon. baronet had brought forward this bill. Leave was then given to introduce the bill. NATIONAL EDUCATION IN IRELAND. Mr. MACARTNEY moved for certain papers connected with the Board of National Education in Ireland.. M r . 'WILSON said there was no objection to lay the documents on the table, provided they were cOmplete, which they were not. Lord 3. MANNERS thought the'estimates as to the National Board should be postponed until the report of the commissioners was before the house. After some further discussion, in which Mr. BLACKBURN and Mr. WALPOLS took part, The motion, limited to the production of the "minutes," was agreed to. POOR LISPS• Mn. It he moved for lea7e to bring in a bill to amend the laws relating to the relief of the poor. In the first place, he proposed by this bill to . do away with the largo number of parochial and in 7hich were scattered throughout the kingdom, and in which . , though they had a considerable population, no rate was raised for the relief of the poor. In those places cases of the greatest hardship arose from their being unable to relieve necessitous persons. Taking the last census as the basis of his arrangement,or t he proposed to add those places to adjoining parishes, o ma ke them independe nt parishes for the purposes of poor rate. There was a nother point of considerable importance in the bill ; lee proposed to take power to dissolve the Gil. bert unions, which existed in souse counties as long ago as 1835. A committee made a strong report against the con tinuance of those unions, in consequence of the abuses con nested with them, and the time had now arrived when th e y might be advantag eou s l y dealt with, with advantage to the public and to the unions themselves. Another pal* of the bill had reference to the appointment of the district auditors of poor-law unions. Those auditors, 49 in num ber, were each appointed to separ a t e districts, consisting of a certain nu mber of unions. Origin a lly th e y were ap pointed s eparately . for each union ; but, in 1845, an act was passed providing that each district should be regu lated by the amount of population. At that time the auditors were paid out of the poor rates of the union ; but, is 1816, it was proposed, he believed, as a kind of com pensation to the landed interest for the repeal of the corn laws—(a laugh) —that they should receive payment out of the Consolidated Fund. That payment, which amounted to between 13,0001. and 14,0001. a-year, therefore, now came out of th e na ti ona l exc h eq uer, but the appointment of the auditors remained vested in the chairmen and vice chairmen of the different boards of guardians belonging to the unions comprised in the district. Now, he thought those who paid ought to appoint; and, as the central go vernment paid these officers, who exercised most respon sible functions—and, in point of fact, formed the pivot Upon which the whole administration of the poor-law turned —it was highly desirable that they should be appointed by the central authority, who was responsible for the admi nistration of the poor-law. He proposed, as vacancies arose, that power should be given to make larger districts, and that the appointment of auditors should be vested in tho Poor-law Board. A committee had made a strong recommendation in favour of that arrangement. He also proposed to place the appointments of registrars of births, deaths, and marriages under local acts, with whom the Poor-law Board had nothing to do, in the hands of the guardians belonging to the different unions. Sir W. JOLLIFFE, though agreeing with the main principles of this bill, could hardly understand why it had , of el ithou • d to 61 tc 70 Im 3 1 ti 30 1m read] 030 2the• 2thr• 2ths. 2ths. 2ths. old 70,;, It , 420 165. peall' ' 1 4t; APB WI, LP 11 Isl u. 1% wiced P rn mrsafPr 2° • wicel i pr g 6 100 .c.O l 1,140' Clem ' 4 11 1 1 ti, )1 4 t; ►shin 1314 ; a tio j dlso" Boit IeDH 'ork's 4110: _pt , ; fax' t or rt 1 416 cut' and I