The Sun. — London, England, 1861-08-08 00:00:00

T HEATRE•ItOYAL, HAYMARKET. 11 Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstonr. 'IBIS EVENING, the performa nces will Commence with a new Ballet, BACCHUS AND ARIADNE. Miss Fanny Wright, the Leclercqs, Mr. Webster, &c. After which, a new Comedy, entitled MY LORD AND MY LADY ; or, It Might have been Worse. Mr. C. Mathews, Mr. Andrews, Mr. Buckstone, Mrs. Charles Mathews, Mrs. Wilkins, &c. Followed by OF AGE TO-MORROW. Miss M. Oliver. o conclude with TURNING THE TABLES. Commence at 7. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.- Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Harris. - THIS EVENING, the new comic drama, entitled A HOMESTEAD STORY, Messrs. Ryder Shore, and Miss M. Harris. Followed by HAMLET. Hamlet, Mr. Fechter. Sup ported by Hermann Vezln, Ryder, Meadows, ac. ; Misses Heath, Rlsworthy, and R. Leclercq. NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.- Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. Reproduction of the great drama of "The Dead Heart." THIS EVENING, the great Adelplal drama_ THE DEAD HEART. Messrs. B. Webster, J. L. Toole, Fisher, Billing ton, Eburne, Smith, Romer ; Miss Woolgar and Miss Kate Belly. To conclude with (21st time) THE PRETTY HORSE BREAKER. Mr. J. L. Toole, Mr. Paul Bedford; Miss K. Kelly, Miss Woolgar, Miss E. Thorne, Miss Laidlaw, and Mrs. Chatterley, Doors open at half past 6—Commence at 7. CANTERBURY HALL AND FINE ARTS GALLERY. Verdi's New Opera, UN BALLO IN MASCTIEIIA, arranged and conducted by Mr. Jonghmans. Mr. Levy on the cornet-a-piston. Mr. Wood and his talented little Son, the best Negro Delineators of the day. The extraordinary comic duet, " The Nerves," by Messrs. Harvey and French, the most grotesque performance in London. Mrs. Lawrence and Mr. Marshall in several New Songs written expressly for him, including the "Excursion to Brighton." Admission, 6d. ; Stalls and Balcony, le. RETURN of SAM COWELL to ENGLAND, who will shortly appear at his old quarters, after an absence of five years. RE-DECORATION of this Magnificent HALL, executed by Mr. William Sanderson, of Lambeth, under the direction of Samuel Field, Esq., architect, is now completed. This popular Place of Amusement now surpasses its former grandeur, and, with the FINE ARTS GALLERY and SPACIOUS PROMENADE, forms the MOST ELEGANT PUBLIC BUILDING in the WORLD. Considerable im provements LIGHTING. have been made in the VENTILATION and T " OXFORD, 6, OXFORD-STREET. The architectural beauty, elegance of ornamentation, and brilliancy of lighting of this noble building, render it one of the sights of London. Open Every Evening. The pro gramme is varied, and includes Selections from "La Tra viats," "Un Ballo in Maschera," &c., (by a full company of principals, powerful band, and chorus). Solos by Miss Bryant en the Piano Forte, and by Mr. Russell on the Trombone. Old English Ballad, by Miss Green, Scotch Duets by the Misses Stuart, and other vocal and instrumental music of the highest order. Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans. The Comic portion of the entertainment is supported by Messrs. M. P. Foster (in his " Life Sketches"), Sam Collins, Harvey, and French (the Nerves), E. Marshall , and W. Randall. Hall, sixpenee ; Balcony and Stalls , one shilling. Private Boxes, 10s. 6d. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tula DA.4.—:Morning, 3h. sm. —Afternoon, 3h. 24m. TO-MORRO vr.-Moming, 3h. 40m.—Afternoon, E3h. k 6m. THE WEATHER. —SUN OFFICE,' AUGUST 7,' 161. THEAMOIKETEB., IN THE 811ADII. 71 —highest since noon yesterday. 56—lowest this morning and during the night. 71—this day at noon.; BAROMETER-30.05. WIND—S.-Westerly—rather fresh ; with fine weather. „,-, ..':J ~.,. \_,_,- '',, ,-; t+t, ..:'',.,-,Tif7;',',, \ V , 11, 4 , , •T-y--ni , ,`-',:,-Iff; '- ' , ;. 4. ir ., :, ,,7, 'c . \ 1-no 1 - = ----” t - 77,,,e -Lt. ,, , . 'rte..`.' _~,. =~ THE SUN. LONDON, THURSDAY, AUGUST 8, 1881. " KING COTTON" seems to be as much relied on in the South as General BEAUREGARD. If the General is to bring the Yankees to his feet, COTTON is to bring Massachusetts, England, and France as humble supplicants before the Southern Congress. The Vice-President of the Confederate States has been opening his heart on the subject to his Southern brethren, and it is a heart full of con fidence in the potency of the Southern Monarch. He avowed that he was speaking in discharge of a duty imposed on him by the Southern Congress ; and as his audience was almost a monster one, we may well presume that he expressed opinions which he wished to spread far and wide. " Of course," he said, " we do not intend to be subjugated." If Mr. LINCOLN called for 400,000 men, they had 700,000 if they liked to use them all. They had also ample wealth to fight their battles; the war-sustaining wealth of nations depended on their "productive capital "—no nation, for its population, produced so much as they did ; the Northern wealth was, in great part, profits derived from trade with the South. By what means, however, the agricultural produce of almost impas sable districts could be used as money, Mr. STEPHENS did not satisfactorily show. There was a spice, however, of threatening in the financial part of the speech. The object of the Government was, he said, " to get along with as little taxing as possible." Yet, as they did not mean to be subjugated, money they must have. If the people would not contribute to a loan, the resort must be to taxes—a course of argument which seems to imply that taxes are unpopular or impossible, and that the loan, after all, is not taken up; the latter doubtless for the very best of reasons. He then made the following propo sition :—" That each subscriber agrees to con tribute to the defence of the Confederate States that portion of their surplus cotton crop against bonds bearing 8 per cent. interest. These bonds, it must be understood, are not intended as currency. They are intended to represent a fixed capital or permanent investment. Instead of putting your surplus in lands, negroes, houses, &c., put it in Confederate bonds." Mr. STEPHENS, in alluding to the probable great value of the bonds, candidly said,—" If LINCOLN overruns us, if we are subju gated, these bonds will notbe worth a single dime." With regard to how long the war is to last, tho hon. gentleman continued—" Until the enemy is whipped and driven from our soil; and it will require men and money to do it." In this sense Cotton is to be king in the South itself; it is to find the money to drive the Northerns off the soil, and if it cannot, the confes sion is frank, that its " bonds" are not to be worth a farthing. But it is in describing its imperial rule abroad that Mr. STEPHENS delights to expatiate. Prevalent, indeed, must be the illusion among those ignorant of public affairs when the Vice- President himself can talk in such a style. Whether he is as ignorant as he presumed his audience to be, may be doubted. After describing New York and New England as paralysed and ruined if the war compelled a long cessation of Southern trade, he exclaimed—" We grow supplies that the nations of the earth must have. That is, the cotton. How the North is to do without it I cannot say. Hundreds of thousands are dependent upon it for their daily bread, and these people are now turned out of employment. Perhaps they are m en who, for want of bread, have joined in this unnataral and suicidal war, which will be to them as disastrous as to us. In England, perhaps not less than five millions of people depend upon cot ton for their daily bread. In France several humored thousands, if not millions—l am not par tienJas in my statistics ;—and when you come to take into consideration the amount of capital, the number of Sailors, and the amount of tonnage era- ploya , d in thi s trade, you will be still more sur pris Dd. Why, in the United States there are 40,000 , sear aen engaged i n the t you tak e i nto account the numbers in ransportation o f co tt on alon Le; and if Eng land, France, Germany, Rolland, and Bremen engc Red in it, you will find th at it will amount to not ) iess than 10,000,000 of pea_ to sa y no thing le. Y of t! no hundred millions of mane_ c apital en gaged in lit. This, therefore, is an element of great Power —tl /11 great motor of the commerce marketsvorld of the There is no pa ly rt tohfethe woe it We grow it. that 0.2 grows it as we do. We pp of the world; they must have it. •I meet many asking about the blockade. I cannot to-day tell you how the blockade is to be raised ; but there is one thing certain, in some way or other it will be obliged to be raised, or there will be revolution in Europe. There will be starvation there. Our cotton is the clement that will do it. Steam is powerful ; but steam is far short in its power to the tremendous power of cotton. If you look out upon the ocean to-day and inquire into the secret agency of commerce, you will find that it is cotton that drives it, and the spindles and looms. From those in your own State to the remotest quarter of the globe, it is this element of cotton that drives them, and it is this great staple which is the tre mendous lever by which we can work out our des tiny under PROVIDENCE, I trust, against four hundred thousand, or against four times four hun dred thousand." And thus are these poor people beguiled with the notion that cotton will constrain all the world to support their cause. How little they imagine that the permanent interest of England is to see the American cotton supply stopped for several years to come Not only do her statesmen desire to render negro slavery useless to the slaveholder, and thus to hasten its abolition ; but they see in the cessation of the American cotton supply but a very temporary difficulty, with the prospect of a lasting benefit to the great colony for whose im provement we are in every sense responsible. Al ready the increased supplies of cotton from Surat have been sufficient to keep the stock of cotton from any serious diminution. We have a years supply now in hand, and by the time that is exhausted we shall be obtaining large supplies from every quar ter. Just some such pressure as the failure of the enormous slave-grown American supply is needed to give India, Jamaica, and other smaller places, the necessary impulse. If the war and blockade do but last long enough we shall never again be dependent on the slaveholder for our supply of cotton. Happily the Board of Trade returns this year show that in India we have found ample compensation for the selfish and malignant working of the MORRILL Tariff. America is forcing us in every way to part com pany with her. She refuses us cotton through her domestic quarrels, she refuses our manufactures in mean jealousy of their superiority to her own. She is prosecuting a domestic war for an object in which no philanthropist can feel the least interest, and that, too, when abolition of slavery would be the best means both of present success and future security—she is thus doing all she can to alienate our commerce from her, and to chill our better sympathies. Our only hope is that our interest in our own colonies will increase as that in America must diminish. Already we have observed in regard to this last session of Parliament, that it is likely to become notable in Hansard, as the session of the Wednes day defeats. And now, before we have advanced any further into the recess or long vacation, it may be worth while recalling to mind, not the whole of these Wednesday defeats, but just the pick of them. To enumerate them all would, in truth, be wearisome. But to give merely the " pick" of them, as we here propose to do, very briefly, may be useful, if only as a remembrancer. Occurring, as the defeats of the session every one of them did, on that significant day in the week— Wednesday—it is obvious, of course, that they were attributable to the intervention between the Government side of the House and the Opposition, of that particular class of members chiefly located below the gangway, and known as the Indepen dents. But throughout the Session which has just expired the peculiarity of the motions, in regard to which these Wednesday defeats were experienced, was this—they were invariably motions brought forward by Independent members on the side of the Government. For the Government—as the event always turned out—they proved to be the most inopportune motions imaginable ; demonstra tive upon division, in every instance, of the strength of the Opposition, and of the weakness of their confronting antagonists oa the Treasury benches. Another noticeable peculiarity in respect to these reiterated defeats on Wednesdays, yet deserves to be particularised. And it is this—that in each instance the Liberal motion brought forward was spoken against and voted for by one or other, some times by very many, upon one occasion it will be even seen by as many as nine, of the Cabinet Minis ters of the Crown. The late Home Secretary, the present War Secretary, Sir GEORGE LEWIS, was generally the spokesman ; and the right hon. baronet usually stated in the most lucid manner possible, and with an air of the most judicial impar tiality, all that could be said against the particular motion then before the house by the most resolute debater that might have been found among the ranks of the Opposition. Voting immediately afterwards generally with a cluster of his colleagues in favour of the very proposition he had immediately before the division been de claiming against as either impracticable or inop portune. Mr. LOCKE KIN a's motion, for example, to begin at the beginning, was the first in order of these memorable Wednesday's defeats for our Liberal Reformers, headed by our hot-blowing cold-blow ing Liberal-Reforming Government. It was the motion, as every reformer in the land knows full well, for extending the county franchise to £lO householders. And it was defeated by a clear majorityioi of ss ter of 28 in a pa r ti cu l ar ly l arge h ouse , a house 468 —no le t s h s e than Nine of the Cabinet Next came Mr. EDWARD BAINES'S motion for the extension of the borough franchise to £6. And here the majority,the clearmajority, was yet larger. It was no less than 52 —with six of the Cabinet Ministers again in the minority. Afterwards there came —leading off the Church questions—Mr. DILLWYN'S Trustees of Charities Bill, which was defeated, in its turn, almost, as one might say, as a matter of course, by a clear majority of 29 in committee. Here, it is true, there was but ene Cabinet Minister whose name figured in in the minority, but with him had filed out into the lobby two of the Government whips—just to keep him in countenance. Later on Sir SAMUEL MORTON PETO'S Burial Grounds Bill was defeated by a clear majority of 46 —with four of the Cabinet Ministers again trooping off with the rank and file of the defeated. Finally, and to crown all, there was the memor able " tie," the "tie " of the Session—in regard to which that rarely used casting vote of the Speaker was just for once called into requisition. This, as few are likely to have as yet forgotten, was in regard to Sir JOHN TRE LAWNY'S Bill for the Abolition of Church Rates—a bill the second reading of which had been carried by the very same majority that secured the triumph of Mr. GLADSTONE'S Budget —a majority identical with the number of Ministers in the Cabinet—i.e., Fifteen. Successful upon the division for the second reading, Sir JOHN TRELAWNY'S bill, it will be borne in mind, upon the occasion of its coming on for the third reading at another Wednesday's sitting—the i Wednesday of all the 'Wednesdays I—brought about I THE SUN, , LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, AUGUST 8, 1861. too, will probably be chary enough of any hasty act by which they might hurt the susceptibilities of the Federalists, but unless the Washington Go vernment chooses to act with some degree of con sistency, we do not see how the European Govern ments can refrain from remonstrance. America itself has to the last acknowledged that a blockade claims respect only when efficient ; and we should think it must perceive that to levy duties at sea will be regarded by European Governments as levying black mail. It has not, that we know of, been ever heard that any State has attempted to collect customs except at custom-houses and in a port; Europe cannot allow America to commence a new system without its assent. Indeed, the actual possession of a coast would seem to be the first requisite to demanding duties on the goods to be landed upon it. Mr. LINCOLN may have a de jure right to the coast, but unless he can make it also a de facto one he is surely not entitled to act towards foreigners as if he were in possession. THE FRENCH OCCUPATION OF (From .La Fresse.) Si:ace our soldiers will have to leave Rome, it is important to understand clearly beforehand both what our occupation has produced and what our retreat will signify. What did we go to do at Rome in 1849 ? To re-establish the temporal power of the Papacy. Have we re-established it ? Materially speaking, yes ; but, morally, we have ruined it for ever. We have, by the uselessness of our devotion, our sacrifices, and our counsels, de stroyed in the mind of sincere catholics all confi dence in the political government of Popes. These catholics are convinced that the interest and inde pendence of religion were linked with the existence of the temporal power. This belief, no less fatal to religion than to Italy, had resisted the eloquence of facts; nothing till these last days had been able to shake it—neither the scandals of the Roman court nor the evident anachronism of a theocracy, nor political proscriptions, nor the negation of the principles of justice and right which are the foun dation of modern society. In the struggle that has taken place between Italy and the temporal Pa pacy, catholicism was instinctively disposed to take sides with the Pope, to regard the complaints of the Italians as exaggerated, to distrust their assertions, and still mere their revolutionary passions. By ten years of useless efforts and lasting con flicts France has learnt and demonstrated what the government of the priests is. She has convinced herself and the world that the Papal government is refractory to all progress and all civilisation; that it can have neither constitution nor laws, and con sequently no subjects. It is because she has late and reluctantly acquired that experience that France his Become before Europe the witness for Italy. Thanks to what France has done at Rome since 1849, there is no longer in the world a single fair conscience or just mind that does not separate questions of faith from political questions, the in terests of Catholicism from the interests of the Roman Court, the independence of Italy from the independence of the Papacy. In accomplishing at Rome what she has unfortunately regarded as a duty towards Catholicism, France has demonstrated irrefragably the incompatibility of the temporal power with good political government. Opinion has been enlightened, demonstration has taken place. There is now, on the one side, the whole of liberal Europe ; on the other, the Zouaves of Cas telfidardo, the Ultramontane journals, and the Merode faction, which is every day falling into disrepute, and self-annihilation through its excesses. In this situation the maintenance of the occupa tion of Rome by our soldiers would be a mere ab surdity, inconsistent with the very existence of the Italian kingdom officially recognised by the Em peror. Now, henceforth any attempt against the greatness, the strength, or the right of Italy is an attempt against the prestige of France. France and Italy, one and indivisible, are mutually res ponsible, intimately and indissolubly connected. The Legitimists and the Ultramontanes seek in vain to excite hatred and rivalry between them ; for the great policy, which is the liberal policy of the future, the French and the Italians are neces sary allies, having the same interest, and obliged by the same considerations to strengthen their in fluence and their mutual greatness. A mistake, superabundantly demonstrated, led us to Rome ; good sense, the rights of the Italians, our own interest and the interest of religion itself demand, at this day, that we should leave it. From this time forward it is no longer the Pope that we protect at Rome; it is a focus of Bourbon and cleri cal conspiracy—the Merode and Antonelli clique. The expedition of 1849 was the result of the pre judice which, as recently as that, still existed, as to the necessity and vitality of the temporal power; the recall of our soldiers will announce to the world the end of that fatal power ; it will be the result of the moral revolution that has taken place in men's minds during the last ten years, the triumph of the enlightened opinion of Europe, and the con secration of the Kingdom of Italy. MR. BRADY, M.P.—lt is gratifying to a public man to find that his services have been appreciated. Too often our most generous efforts incur suspicion or rather than gratitude ; for there is a perverse spirit in men that loves to look at the ravelled side of every piece of han diwork. Mr. Brady is one of those members of the legis lature who delight in championing the cause of men who have received injury at the hands of the state. Our readers may recollect that it was through his generous advocacy that the solicitor Mr. Barber was compensated by the Go vernment for the wrongs he had endured during his unjust penal servitude. He has been active also in other cases, and especially in maintaining the rights of the medical officers of the late Smyrna Hospital, who, in gratitude for his services, have presented him with an elegant silver ink stand, bearing the following inscription :—" Presented to John Brady, Esq., M.P., by the undermentioned medical officers of the late Civil Hospital at Smyrna, as a trifling acknowledgment of his valuable services in their behalf." This testimonial reflects credit both upon donors and reci pient.—Medical Circular, August 7. THE GENERALS OF THE AMERICAN ARMIES. — The ages of the principal officers of the North are—Scott, 75; Wool, 73 ; Harney, 65 ; Mansfield, 60 ; Totten (Head of Engineers), 80 ; Thayer (Engineers),. 80 ; Craig (Head of Ordnance Department), 76 ; Ripley (Ordnance), 70 ; Sumner, 65 ; Larned (Paymaster-General), 70. Gibson (Commissary-General), Churchill (Inspector-General), and Thomas (Adjutant-General) entered the army in the begin ning of the present century—Gibson in 1808, and Churchill in 1812. The Southern army is officered chiefly by men in the prime of life—Beauregard being 43, and Lee 50. MAJOR-GENERAL M'CLELLAN.—This officer is a West-Pointer, fought in Mexico, went to Europe on a military commission a few years ago to examine into the science of war in the camps of the great powers in the Crimea, afterwards resigned to become vice-president of the Illinois Central Railway, and then accepted the presidency of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, from which he was called taut as Major-General of the Ohio Volunteers, and from that post into the regular army, which position he now holds. He is 34 years of age. THE EXTRAORDINARY CASE OF ASSAULT AT Hox- ToN.—Edis, the warrant officer at Worship-street Police court, has reported the result of inquiries made into the strange case of assault in Herbert-street, New North-road, Hoxton, laid before the magistrate on Thursday last. It will be remembered that Mr. Mackenzie, an engineer, had been entrapped into the house by a letter from a woman whom he had met in Spain, and had been furiously attacked by two men who forced him to sign some document. After making this statement on Thursday Mr. Mackenzie felt much worse, his throat giving him much pain, and he was therefore accompanied by Mr. Hurlstono, the chief clerk, to the house of Dr. Edmunds, the surgeon of Spital-square. In the meantime the warrant for the apprehension of his assailants, having been signed by the magistrate, was placed in the hands of Edis for execution. On reach ing the house, however, Edis found that the woman had de camped, and the only additional information he could ob tain was that she had been staying there several months, and there could be no doubt whatever that it was a designed and pre -arranged plan of attack between her and the two mnawtoee note or n aenv , N a ei avn s ioal , t,s;ch a i dea : enc e hsk r dop. IstAt despatched hi . 0\ v . I l auta l di a the ck ibnoyi officer's ase several fevhoeare i r e r tashh womansead other bhp s c epe a rl fee l uo e aore d in applicant tsthtwiaenhbt inquiries eun e s rh hieeasyree morning, a Germans,t werear niwd who were d in the search, and have traced all three assailants as having . been at various places subsequently in and near London, the latter have hitherto succeeded in evading apprehension. Not the least singular part of the affair is, that though the applicant had both money and property to a considerable amount on his person at the time of the outrage, no attempt was made to take it. a division in a House (including Tellers and Speaker) of no less than 553, a division so remark able that it showed the members present to be thus perfectly balanced— Pro Con The right hon. gentleman in the ehair thereupon using his privilege as Speaker of the House of Com mons, by instantly casting his vote—liberal though his own opinions and sympathies, perhaps, indeed, because his own opinions and sympathies are with the Liberal party, that is on the side of the Government, out of motives at once we believe perfectly conscientious and chivalrous, motives rising instinctively from a refined and elevated sense of honour and magnanimity—into the scale of Conservative Opposition. Those five Wednesday defeats which we have here recalled to the general recollection are simply what we proposed they should be—just the pick out of the not easily numerable discomfitures of one kind or another, brought down upon their own heads by the Liberal members and supporters of the present loud-speaking, nothing-doing, soi-disant Reforming Administration. And we have recalled to mind the fact of these egregious and, let us say also, excessively ignomi nious defeats experienced by the so-called Liberal Government on Wednesdays all through the recent session of Parliament, because we regard the origin a those defeats as sufficiently obvious, and at the same time as urgently requiring at any rate some few passing syllables by way of re prehension. They are quite manifestly attributable therefore, we would say here just for once and for all, to the great distinguishing peculiarity of the present Government that as aßeformingGovernment it is not the least bit in the world in earnest ! Does any one suppose, for a single moment, for example, that Lord PALMERSTON, the popular Chief of this Reforming Government, cares two straws, cares one fig, cares half a doit for the cause of Reform, the cause with the interests of which his Government is supposed to be identified ? Why the noble Viscount has the manliness never once to have affected it. He cares nothing for it. He is, in reality, a Conservative Premier, at the head of a motley, and, for the most part, nominally reforming Coalition. But to call the present Ministry a Ministry of Liberal Reformers is the merest farce and the veriest makebelieve. In testimony of which, by the way, as a sort of proof positive—it is really only necessary to recall for one passing moment the plea upon which the present holders of office replaced their predecessors in it, viz., the members of Lord DERBY'S Government ? What was that plea ? Why; it was literally this—that Lord DERBY'S Reform Bill was insufficient ! We should have had that Bill, if they had not interfered. The Bill itself might have been improved to almost any extent if they had only allowed it to go into committee. And in this way the question of Re form might, three years ago, have been answered, and answered satisfactorily. Instead of manfully aiding in carrying out which enterprise forth came Lord JOHN'S dodging Resolutions—his Dog-in-the-Manger Resolutions. Lord DERBY'S Reform Bill was thrown aside as valueless. We were to have something much better. Well--have we had it ? Lord DERBY and his colleagues resigned. They were succeeded by this wonderful coalition lead by that astonishing champion of the cause of Reform, Lord PALMERSTON. With what results we know. With no Parliamentary reform whatever any longer within our reach. With not the smallest prospect of it even within our view. All which can only tend to confirm the people of this country in that almost instinctive political antipathy which once upon a time originated the dictum—England abhors a Coalition. Brief and few, but not insignificant are the last items of American news. The Hero of Western Virginia has arrived to take the command of the Federal army, supplementing the extreme age of SCOTT by the youth of M'CLELLAN, who has only seen considerably less than half the years of his superior. The extremes of caution and activity are therefore to compensate for the Southern generals being all in the very prime of military life. M'CLELLAN, too, has seen active service, and his name will, we may hope, be sufficient to keep whole regiments from running off, they know not why nor wherefore. That the War-office should accept all regiments who offer themselves is but what we might expect ; equally we expected to hear that the Federal army was being reinforced, though we suspect it must be found very difficult to equip the additional troops at all quickly. When we remember our own unreadiness during the first year of the Crimean war, we must not be surprised if military equip ments of every kind are sadly wanting. Men seem to be more plentiful than arms and stores ; nor can this be matter of wonder ; the Americans had no arsenals so vast as ours, and a large part of the arms and stores they had were, by the treachery of the BUCHANAN Government, placed in the hands of the South. What surprises us most in the news is, that three of the Runaway Regiments got back to New York and met with an enthusiastic reception ! Their mothers, and sisters, and wives, and sweet hearts were, no doubt, glad enough to see them safe and sound; but history does tell of mothers whose parting admonition to their sons departing for battle was—" with your shield or on it." Perhaps these were the regiments who started soon enough to bring home their knapsacks and muskets. The New York press seems to think it was owing to the incapacity of the Federal Cabinet that their brave fellow-citizens turned their backs on General BEAU REGARD. That General appears to be thinking of re-capturing Harper's Ferry. General PATTERSON was there to be superseded by BANKS, the successful Republican candidate for the Speakership during the Kansas troubles. We have not heard that he has any special military qualifications—and his Republican zeal could hardly avail him against the skill of the Southern West Point officers. From Fort Pickens the New York papers were informed that the British. commander, Admiral MILNE had reported to his Government that "the blockade is totally insufficient." That it is so we have had evidence enough in the ease with which privateers have got out and returned with their prizes. It seems also to be confirmed by the strange fact that Congress has passed an act autho rising the President to levy duties at sea. Whether he will venture to do it remains to be seen ; but it would be pregnant with danger to peace between the Federalists and commercial states. An efficient blockade is consistent and intelligible. Capturing the forts and levying duties at the Custom-house, even if the Federalists possessed the ports only, would be consistent. But a blockade re fusing ingress and egress to foreign and other vessels, — then a levy of duties alongside of a frigate in stead of a Custom-house wharf,—then, as the vessel which the blockade was to keep out must surely pass after she has paid customs duties to the blockaders, a second levy of duties by the Confe derates—all this is such a complication of injas tice and absurdities as must expose any Govern ment which attempts it to the contempt, if nothing Worse, of the civilised world. England, and France LATEST NEWS. PARIS, AUG, 8. The Moniteur of to-day says : " General Willisen has remitted to the Emperor an autograph letter from the King of Prussia. "The King of Sweden has paid a visit to the Princess Mathilde. " The Emperor conducted his august guests to the Opera." In its bulletin of to-day the Moniteur also says:—" It appears certain that the ♦isit of the King of Prussia to the Camp at Chalons will not take place, but that an interview between the King of Prussia and the Emperor will take place in France in the month of October." SOUTHAMPTON, AUG. 8. His Royal Highness the Prince Consort, Prince Frederick William of Prussia, and the Archduke Maximilian of Austria arrived here at 9 a.m. to day from Osborne en route for Farnborough. The Royal party will return this afternoon, and embark from the Docks at 5 p.m. for Osborne. FRANCE. PARIS, AUG. 7. The Moniteur has the following : "His Majesty Charles XV., King of Sweden and Norway, accompanied by his Royal Highness Prince Oscar, his brother, has come to spend a few days in France. " The Emperor sent one of his aides-de-camp, Colonel Castelnau, to Havre to meet the King. The Colonel, as also the Duke of Tarente, the Emperor's Chamberlain, will be in attendance on the King during his sojourn. Lieutenant Hamelin, of the navy, orderly officer of the Emperor, whom his Majesty had sent as far as Christiansand to meet the King, will be in attendance on his Royal High ness Prince Oscar. " Baron d'Avelsward, the Swedish Minister at Paris, was also at Havre to receive his Sovereign. " The King and his Royal Highness Prince Oscar arrived at Havre at 9 a.m. (Tuesday), with magnifi cent weather. At half-past 11 they entered a special train and arrived at St. Cloud at half-past 3. " The Emperor, surrounded by the Grand Officers of the Crown and his Military Staff, awaited his august guests at the gates of the park, where the train stepped. " His Majesty cordially embraced the King and Prince Oscar, and the Sovereigns, followed by the officers of their households, proceeded to the Palace. "In consequence of the presence of the King of Sweden, the Emperor will hold a grand review of the Imperial Guard and of the garrison of Paris on Friday, August 9, at 5 o'clock, in the Champ de Mars." BOURSE, August 7.—The market has been very animated to-day, and Stock having been in good demand, the business done has been at an improve ment on the closing rates of yesterday. Threes, for the Account, are now firm at 68f 45c. Rail ways firm. The following are the last quotations :- 4 per per Cents... 98 Credit Fonder. 1225 Do. end month.... 98 10 Belgian 4f 3 per Cents Do. end month 6B 50 Roman — Bank Shares 2900 Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 65 Spanish Threes 4B -- Do. Account 7ool— lime Debt RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans l4ll 25 .. 1413 M Northern New ditto Lyons and Mediterranean 1016 25 .. 1021 25 Geneva 347 50 .. Southern 6OB 75 .. 610 Western Eastern Sardinian Austrian Lombard 528 75 .. 531 25 TURKEY. A letter from Constantinople, in the .Moniteur de l' Armee, says : "The Sultan has again ordered several reforms in the army, and the question of the uniform is particularly the object of his attention. Abdul Aziz has had laid before him a complete album of the uniform of the French troops, and particularly of the Zouaves, Turcos, and Spahis. This dress, which was first borrowed from the Turks, appears to have been so much improved by the French, tlat it will, in its turn, become the model for the reform in the costume of the Ottoman army. The Sultan leads a very active life. He rises every morning at daybreak, and at a very early hour leaves his palace and goes to inspect the different public administrations, particularly the marine, to which he devotes special attention. He has ordered the keels of two new line-of-battle ships to be laid down, and is about to be present at the exercises of the naval school established at the Island of Khulki, in order to satisfy himself from personal observation of the progress made by the pupils. The Sultan is endowed with great energy, and very frequently does not return to his palace until a late hour in the evening, after passing a whole day in the heat occupied in the most fatiguing inspections. He is always accompanied by his three nephews. The Sultan has none of the ordinary habits of the Turks. He does not smoke, and that custom is already beginning to get somewhat out of fashion at Constantinople. His sobriety is exem plary, and he never tastes spirituous liquors." THE UNITED STATES' BLOCKADING SQUADRON. —HARTLEPOOL, Aug. 7.—From information just received it appears that the vessel Perthshire, belonging to Mr. Wm. Gray, of this place, arrived off Pensacola on the 13th of May. She was then boarded by Lieut. Brown, of the United States' squadron, who informed the captain that the port was blockaded, and wrote an endorsement to this effect on the register. It was stated at the same time that Mobile was nut blockaded. Tho captain, on obtaining the informa tion, ran his ship into that port. She arrived en the 14th of May-10 days before the blockade was commenced there. Not being affected by it, she loaded a cargo of cotton and proceeded to sea on the 31st of May—ten days before the time permitted to neutral vessels to sail. After leaving Mobile, however, she was boarded on the 9th of June by an officer of the United States' steamer Massachussets, who. acting as if the ship had entered a port while under block ade, took possession of the ship and the papers of the cap tain, hauled down the British and hoisted the American flag. It was not till the 12th of the month that the vessel, coming up with the blockading squadron, was released by the commanding officer, after having been detained for 12 days and turned very far out of her course, without any reason which could justify interference. THE LATE TRAGEDY IN NEWTON-STREET, HOL BORN.—The man Cogan, who stands charged with the crime of the murder of his wife on Friday morning last, at their lodgings, 4, Newton-street, Holborn, and of after wards attempting suicide by cutting his own throat, was, up to last evening, progressing very favourably under the care of Mr. Fortescue, the House Surgeon of King's College Hospital, where he still remains in custody of the police. He has been frequently visited by Mr. Superintendent Durkin, and Mr. Inspector Mackenzie, but all allusion to the crime of which he is assumed to have been guilty is strictly prohibited by them; and no conversations are allowed to take place between those in attendance on him. The wretched man has so far recovered as to be able to speak, and asked after his father and other relatives who have been allowed to see him ; he has also, in a vacant manner, asked of those in attendance on him where his wife was, and on being told they did not know, he stated he " wondered his wife did not come to see him ;" beyond those expressions nothing has transpired from him relating to the occurrence. Although the alleged murderer is pro gressing favourably, it will be three weeks or a month before he will be in a fit state to bo taken before the magis trate at Bow-street. THE RECENT MURDER IN THE KING'S COUNTY.— It will be recollected, as reported in a recent number, that William Conroy, alias Connolly, who is strongly suspected of having been concerned in the murder of Constable Lawler of the Blue Ball station, and who had fled from his house on the day the body of Lawler was found, but who had subsequently surrendered himself, and been since detained in custody, was, at the conclusion of the Tullamore Petty Sessions, on Saturday last, brought up from the gaol before the following magistrates—Dawson French, John O'Brien, Alexander Andrews, T. A. Pierce, T. W. Trench, and Joseph H. Kogers, R.M., Esqs. The accused underwent examination in a private room with closed doors, no per sons being present except the magistrates and some of the local authorities. At the conclusion of the inquiry, Conroy was again recommitted for further examination for eight days,--#Sainiders' News. POLAND. A letter from Warsaw, dated August 1, says : Letters from Austria announce the commencement of religious persecutions, similar to those in Poland, in that most catholic of countries. The following notice has been forwarded by the Austrian Govern ment to the proprietor at Szezawnica, in Gallicia, on whose estates the church is situated : The Imperial Government has been informed that during a funeral service which was celebrated at Szezawnica, the hymn of " God Save Poland" was sung. As this hymn is not among the hymns of the church, and the only object with which it is sung must be to provoke a national demon stration, the instigators of this proceeding have been brought to justice. It appears that this hymn is sung daily in the local chapel, and that you do not interfere, which it is both your place and your duty to do. You are requested, there• fore, to do all in your power to prevent demonstrations of this kind, as otherwise I shall be under the disagreeable necessity of instituting judicial proceedings against you, and ordering the church in which these demonstrations take place to be closed. (Signed) KALITOWSKI, President of the Circle of Sandecz. Sacz, Jnly 22, 1861. A few days afterwards the church was actually closed, much to the distress of the inhabitants and numerous visitors to the baths of the place. The moral strength of the agitation in the king dom of Poland has not only not diminished, but is becoming every day more active and extended, and strikingly shows the power and vitality of the national feeling, which has penetrated to all parts of ancient Poland, including the province of Lithu ania, Volhynia, Podolia, and Ukraine. The Russian Government, on the other hand, instead of yielding to the general demand for reform, wastes its powers in impotent efforts to crush the feeling of nationality which pervades the country, and which stimulates the Poles to a perseverance for which they have not hitherto obtained credit. Warsaw, for instance, has been transformed by its influence from the gayest city in Europe, next to Paris, into a body of labourers, who work unceasingly amid blood and tears for a better and happier fortune. All pleasure and amusement is given up ; the whole country is in mourning, and steadily perseveres in its labours for the development of its moral resurrection. The news of Mr. Hennessy's motion in the Lower House, and that of Lord.Harrowby in the Upper, and the debates which were their consequence, had the best effect here. It is true that these debates had no practical result; but this was not expected. The expression of opinion which was elicited regarding Poland's rights, and of sym pathy for her misfortunes, produced the greatest enthusiasm and friendship for England. Official news is scanty. M. Potapow, disgusted at the refusal of the nobles to aid him in reor ganising the police, has left for St. Petersburg. No one cares whether .he will return or not. The carrying out of the project of the reorganisation of the schools is hidden in impenetrable secrecy. It is known, however, that the authorities chiefly occupy themselves with the police, and that they are contemplating a renewal of the Inquisitorial Committee, which was formerly all powerful. Colonel Leichte, who was one of its members, has returned to Warsaw from Modlin, where he had been imprisoned for murdering three peasants. He will probably resume his functions in the new com mittee. The Russian ladies have selected as a medium of communication between them and the ladies of Poland the Russian journal the Bell, published by M. Herzen, in London: " Speak to them," they write to that paper, " of our sentiments and our convictions ; tell them that we likewise pray to Heaven for the most complete liberty and indepen dence of Poland. May our feeble voice mingle with the sonorous sounds of our Bell, and after having penetrated the heart and the conscience of all the wives, mothers, and sisters, reach also un happy Poland." The address is as follows : Sisters, weep with us and more than us. May the lamen tations of the Russian wives and mothers be made known to you, Polish wives and mothers. We wish we could throw ourselves into your arms, and blend our tears with your tears. We supplicate you on our bended knees to for give our husbands and our sons, and to pity us more than them, for we are to be pitied more than they. Our hearts bleed when we poor Russian women think of our husbands and our brothers who are now in Poland, and when we hope and at the same time are horrified to see them again. How and which of them shall return among us ? It is what we ask each other in our solitude, and our sufferings begin be forehand ! And we have brought them honest and faultless in the eyes of God and men. And we are to see them again. How and which of them shall we behold ? Perhaps with reproaches and malediction; or perhaps an abyss separates us from them. Oh, my brother, my son, prostrate thyself on earth I Our mother, open thine ear and listen : the groan on our steppes is groaning.* What torments, what tortures can be compared with our misery ? Unhappy mothers as we are, our sole and ardent wish is that our sons should disobey our monarch, and prefer death or exile in Siberia to fratricide, shame, and dishonour. In proof of the violence committed by the Rus sian soldiers in Poland, the Czas publishes the fol lowing complaint, addressed by the cure of the town of Mlawa to the Archbishop of Warsaw : On the 25th of July, at half-past 9 in the evening, the lieutenant-colonel of the Regiment of Ingermanland, in garrison at Mlawa, presented himself with four detachments before the parish church, occupied all the outlets of the church, and kept prisoners till 7 o'clock in the morning all the persons who were singing and praying inside. At the same time the soldiers tore down from the crucifix of the cemetery the statues of our Lord and the Holy Virgin, and asked what they should do with them. The lieutenant-colo nel told them to break them and throw them into the canal. (I do not know whether that order was executed.) The vicar Rzouca was arrested by the soldiers at the moment of his leaving the church, and conducted to a grange in the midst of the soldiers, and there subjected to the worst treatment. The soldiers profaned the cross and the ceme tery in the most unworthy manner. The officers smoked cigars, took tea, and walked about the church, conducting themselves in the most unbecoming way towards the women that were praying there. In a word, the parish church of Mlawa is profaned, and the people no longer dare to enter it. I have the honour to inform your eminence of these facts, and to pray you to come instantly to our aid. VALENTINE eIIEBIZINSKI, Cure of the parish church of Mlawa. The same paper states that at Czenstorhan also the soldiers forming the garrison of the town com mitted all sorts of violence. For instance, a soldier boxed the ears of a man who was carrying a flag in a procession of pilgrims, and insulted the pilgrims and their religion. At Kalisch, when the Regi ment of Kostrowa, which was distinguished in the Warsaw massacre, entered the town, it was accompanied by Cossacks, who lashed the inhabi tants with whips. This, it is supposed, was done because a rumour had got about that the inhabi tants intended to make a demonstration against the regiment. Some days afterwards some officers grossly insulted an inhabitant of Warsaw in one of the cafes. This proved a little too much for the patience of the people, who waited for the officers and gave them a beating in the park. ADDRESS OF WARSAW TO ENGLAND. WARSAW, JULY 31. The following is the text of the address presented to the English consul, Colonel Staunton, on July 21:— SUNDAY, JULY 21, 3 P.M. WARSAW TO ENGLAND. I, the City steeped in the blood of my children; I, a widow in mourning, with chains on my hands ; I, a slave in a living tomb, send these words of thanks to thee, English people. The voice of the members of that much esteemed House of Commons, the voice of the workmen of thy towns, has raised the lid of the tomb in which violence and indiffe rence have precipitated Poland. To my call of blood and tears God has replied by the mouth of an honoured people. Glory to God I and thanks to thee, oh, England I With all that remains to me of life and immortality, after a long mar tyrdom, I bless thee, thy old men, thy men, women, sons, and daught ers , w i s hi ng th em eterna l lib er t y an d beatitude. May thy patrons ever pray God for thee, because thou, venerable and happy England, hast advocated the cause of abandoned, mutilated, and crucified Poland. * The Russian steppes are immense uncultivated plains, covered with a short herb, and withodt any trees. The popular superstition thinks it hears strange cries in these solitudes when the country is in mourning. Then it is cus tomary for the peasantry to say," The groan of the steppes is groaning." MONTROSE RIFLE GATHERING.—MONTROSE, August 7.—Scotland's Cup, shot for at 700, 800, and 900 yards, five shots at each, was won by Edward Ross, of Cambridge University. He made eight, seven, and six points. Smith, of the Edinburgh Volunteers, won the second prize, with three, eight, and seven points. Major Moir, of Stirling, won the third prize, after shooting off ties at 15 with two others. Strangers' Cup, 10 shots at 900, and 10 at 1,000 yards.—Ross made 13 points; Kirkwood, Reldrew, 17 ; and Moir, 16 points, THE NAVY. The Royal Oak, the first of the large wooden screw steamers which are to be cased with iron, is progressing at Chatham dockyard, where she is building under No. 7 shed. Although some delay was occasioned in consequence of the Admiralty having ordered her to be lengthened, she is now so far advanced that in a few weeks she will be com pletely in frame, and ready for planking. Accord ing to present orders she is to be cased throughout with iron plates 41 inches in thickness, extending from three to four feet below her water-line to the plank sheer, the plates being laid on 8-inch oak planking. Her dimensions are—length between perpendiculars, 273 feet; length of keel for ton' nage, 232 feet 8 inches ; extreme breadth, 5 8 f eet; breadth for tonnage, 57 feet; burden, 4,04 5 2 8- 94ths tons. She is to carry an armament guns, all of which will be of the heaviest deaeriP tion. The War Department transport Sebastopol Was yesterday placed under one of the steam cranes a t the Ordnance-wharf, Chatham, and landed a battery of 13 40-pounder Armstrong guns, together with some cast-iron smooth-bore guns, destined for tae various ships at Chatham. The Henry, Wa r ji)e , partment transport, Mr. John Bull, master, a' s " came alongside the Ordnance-wharf, Chatham, yes terday, with a supply of guns, carriages, and other stores from Woolwich. about to be constructed at the west end of the island. The Sharpshooter, 5, screw, Lieut.-Commander C. Gibbons, paid off her crew alongside Portsmo uth Dockyard yesterday. Mr. Josiah Jones's angulated target, at Ported mouth, has had its face cleared of the old plates, bevilled off for the reception of the new ones, some e' which are expected to arrive at that dockyard to-dal' The Sirius, target ship, at Portsmouth, is having two large rolled iron armour plates affixed to her sides, made at the Atlas Works, Sheffield, for the purpose of being tested with the 68-pounder s mooth' bore gun. The reports of the experiments at Sh°e buryness on the ridge-and-furrow surface armou r ' plate, which appeared in The Sun of the 31st nit' and Ist inst., gives very different results from those which were obtained with a 68-pound solid shot smooth-bore on a plate manufactured precisely on the same principle, and tested some months since on the sides of the Sirius in Porchester Creek. On th at occasion the ridge-and-furrow surface, if anyvri ee , differing from ordinarily faced plates, rather shova u a tendency to confine the shot to the spot it struck between the ridges and to assist it in penetrati n g the plate. Rear-Admiral R. S. Robinson, Controller of th e Navy, arrived at Plymouth on Tuesday evening' preparatory to the official visit of the Lords of th e Admiralty. The screw steamships Revenge, 89, Capt. C. F° l : lowes, bearing the flag of R ear -Ad m i ra l R. Solar" K.H. ; Conqueror, 99, Capt. E. S. Sotheby, Aboukir, 86, Capt. C. F. Shadwell ; and Centurion' 80, Capt. H. D. Rogers, C. 8., of the Channel We" dron, arrived in Plymouth Sound yesterday after noon. The screw steamvessel Himalaya, Capt. S. S e ! • combe, has arrived at Gravesend from Devonporli and will embark to-morrow the 3d brigade of RO I Artillery from Woolwich, ordered for garrison du t y at Malta and Corfu. Th e w h o l e o f th e baggage ° the force, which consists of eight batteries, eac h con' taining 130 men, was shipped this day, and th e wives and families of the men also embarked. The force will arrive at Gravesend by special train on th e North Kent Railway. The following appointments were made yester.. day at the Admiralty :—Commander W. S. Brown► to the Orion ; Commander R. C. Mayne, to the ge cate, additional, for surveying service; Lieut. G. Morrell, to the Wellesley ; R. D. Hire, paymas ter additional, to the Cornwallis ; and W. T. Richard, paymaster, to the Cadmus. THE ARMY. Yesterday a number of cavalry and infantry troops, who have recently arrived at Chatham froth India and the colonies, were forwarded from that garrison to the various military stations, to join their several depots, the whole of them having been pronounced fit for further service. The Midsummer vacation of the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich closed yesterday. Of the 300 gentlemen cadets admitted on the register of the establishment for the ensuing half-year, 70 are from the East India Company's Seminary at Addis' combo ; 65 from the competitive classes examined by the Council of Military Education in London and 166 pupils previously admitted. The building has now been much increased in size, the two meg' nificent wings, built in the Tudor style of architec ture, having been completed and handed over for occupation. The class-rooms are approached 1 1 flights of broad stone steps, and are lofty and spaer ous. The sleeping apartments, one of which le allotted to each cadet, are well arranged for privat e study, and are supplied with hot and cool air piP ee throughout and modern ventilators. A new cooking apparatus (Waller's patent) has been erected in t he Academy's kitchen, chiefly intended for roasting a number of joints at the same time. The vegetab and other dishes are cooked by steam and gas. C e ' Wilford, who now enters upon the sixth year ae Governor of the Academy, has recently been Pr e ' moted to a full colonelcy. His name will no b e withdrawn from the seconded Est. The 45th Regiment, comprfsing 32 officers, 850 men, 80 soldiers' wives, and 63 children, are und er orders to proceed from the camp at Aldershot, 1 1 South-Western Railway, from Farnborough to Portsmouth, and thence by steamer to the Isle 01, Wight, where they will be placed under canvas for the purpose of being employed on the defensive vvorla Four batteries of the 10th brigade Royal Arta' lery are under orders to leave Portsmouth to-mor row, and proceed by railway to Woolwich, to occur/ the quarters vacated by the 3d brigade. Capt. H. Heman's Ist battery 10th brigade Rolla Artillery is under orders to leave Portsmouth to" morrow, to be stationed at Shoeburyness. The Worcestershire Yeomanry Cavalry has Pe t completed its week of permanent training. 11 1 Earl of Dudley, Col.-Com man d an t; an d s evere' other officers of the corps declined to serve this yea r ' in consequence of the new system adopted by th e Horse Guards. PRINCE ALFRED.—By a private letter from ga ll , fax, Nova Scotia, dated J u ly 25, we l earn th a t his Royal Highness was at Halifax on the 24th, in the enjoyment 0f excellent health. Prince Alfred is not a guest on this oc casion of the governor general, the Earl of Mulgrave, bu t he has bean a visitor at the Government House.—Brighto n gazette. DEATH OF THE DOW4GER COUNTESS OF NEW' sum:km—We have to record this week the death of the above lady, which took place on Sunday last, at her seat, Slindon, near Arundel, at the advanced age of 98. The dowager countess was a peer's widow, and only daughter of Joseph Webb, Esq., Ostock House, Wilts ; married 1789, the fifth Earl of Newburgh, who died in 1814. The de ceased was well known in Brighton, having had a residenc e in Cavendish-place for many years. FORTIFICATION OF THE NEAPOLITAN PROVINCES* —A Turin letter has the following composed of Generals Valfre, Marabotto, and Pomari, and Rear-Admirals Albini and Provana, has charged by and Sicilian provinces to fix on the pints which ought been the Minister of War to make a tour through ° a ffi t the disposal A commission great veers number ha ve been of youngplacedto be fortified both in the interior and alonc , the coast. A of which Colonel ft h e staff of and this of commission, the en g i de Revel, of the Artillery , and member of the Chamber of Deputies , ' •secretary has been appointed The survey has been already commenced in the Strait of Messina, the coasts of which will be fortified in such a man ner as to prevent vessels of war from appeoaching them. The old fortifications of Messina are to be preserved and strengthened, with the exception of those which are solely directed against the town, and the demolition of which has been commenced. The Adriatic coast will also be carefully surveyed by this commiss ion, which appears disposed in favour of enlarging the port of Brindisi, Bay of and strengthening its fortifications. The Taranto will be fortified, and the fortifications ofNaples repaired, and increased so as to render it inaccessibleN from ut th will the sea. The expense will b e enormous, b uns a city Al mo st all the guns now in the have to bear part of it. h ous and forts will have to be rep laced by others, and a t heavy canon will be required toproperly fortify Naples. The Minister of War has already given large orders both in England and Sweden , as the arsenals of the State cannot furnish all the artillery necessary for those different arma' meats." I