The Sun. — London, England, 1856-08-29 00:00:00

DIPLOMACY AND THE ITALIAN QUESTION. A. LETTER FROM L. C. FARINI TO MR. W. GLADSTONE. (Continued front The Sun of yesterday.) One of your ministers said that perhaps the Pope would carry into effect the reforms sanctioned by the motu-proprio of Portici of 1849, and seemed to entertain a hope that the people would have been satisfied with them. But what do these boasted reforms consist of ? Two institutions were already carried into effect : I mean the Council of State and the Consulta of Finance. What advantage either the State or the finances or the people have received from them we have seen. That motu-proprio also divided the administra tion of the State into five great compartments, and placed 1 , cardinal at the head of it. This reform has not yet been effected, but I believe it will take place ; but I know not whether this, in the opinion of Lord Palmerston, may be called a stop towards secularisation. There still remains one promise of that mote-proprio unfulfilled ; that is, that phantom of election for the municipal and provincial coun cils has not yet come to pass. It had been settled that "municipal representation and administration should be based on more extensive franchises." These were Pius IX.'s own words. More than a year elapsed before these promises came to any clear enactment. Then, on the 20th of November, 1850, a law was published which was to carry them into effect, and the enactments of Cardinal Antonelli were as follows. The attributions of the munici pal councils remained precisly as they were according to the laws of Gregory XVI., with the single exception of the prerogative granted nominally to the municipal magis trates to take cognisance and to judge all infractions of the regulations of the city and country police (sec. 23). But it was added that such a prerogative should only be exer cised as soon as a special regulation should have been pub lished ; and as this publication never took place, so the prerogative remained a dead letter. For what concerns the broad basis of election the ar rangement was as follows :—The number of the electors is only six titres that of the elected, that is of the council lon (sec. 58), and the electors are chosen amongst those who are most heavily taxed (sec. 60). Moreover, in order to be an elector, a certificate of political and religious good behaviour must be produced (sec. 61). Finally, the proceed ings of the election (secs. 82, 83, and 85) are the most ab surd imaginable. Yet even this clause was not carried into execution. It was provided that, for the first time, the ap pointment of municipal councillors should be made by his Holiness, and that the elections should take place three years later, when half the councillors would have to be re newed. Even this promise was not kept. After the lapse of three years Cardinal Antonelli, on the 29th of April,lBs4, sent forth a Circolare Riservata (so headed), in which it said, " The council itself shall propose, not appoint, the persons who are to be substituted to the councillors who re sign their office." Not a word is said about a convocation of the electoral college—no hint is conveyed about the provi sional or exceptional nature of this measure. " Every councillor attending shall write a list of candidates twice the number of the councillors to be elected, and the coma cillors whose functions have 'expired may also be re-elec ted." Anything like election vanished, and the Govern ment 'appointed such persons as suited them oat of the lists 'proposed by the council. Maybe Lord Palmerston will still hope that the very liberal Antonelli law may be fully carried into effect ; and we allow that this may come to pass, and that a new Circolare Riservata may not put off, or again hinder, its execution as soon as Europe has been imposed upon as to the reality of such a measure. Bat would even this suffice to give satisfaction to the people, to give stability to the Government, to correct those grievous abuses I have been exposing? I hold, sir, that it is a mere childishness to speculate on a more or less liberal law upon the communes, the provinces, the finan ces, the council of state, until means have been found to guarantee to the people religious and civil toleration, equality before the law, public security, and the eligibility of all citisens, whether they be clergymen or laymen, to all the dignities and offices of the :state. This is what every ono wishes ; these are the securities without which no civil Government can be established. Either diplomacy can attain this end, and peace may be expected, or the end is unattainable ; and then let diplomacy give it up, and leave the 'game in Cardinal jAntonelli's hands, who is deeper in the arts of imposing on other people than any statesman living. I think a people who enjoy the public securities I am speaking of may accommodate itself to any form of Government ; but that without them neither can modern nations be at rest, nor can the Governments who are unwilling or unable to put up with them long endure. The It omagnoli will most assuredly never :rest—and Eu rope may firmly believe it—till they are governed in a somewhat more Christian manner than the Turks. If Western diplomacy wishes to evince a sincere incli nation to pacify the Papal subjects by obtaining civil re forms in their behalf, it should at least begin by showing them as much benevolence as it extends to the people of the Danubian Principalities. There public opinion is consulted, meetings are held, free discussion is allowed. The Moldo-Wallachians are undoubtedly worthy of the love and patronage Europe has granted to them ; they are a Latin race, speak a language akin to Latin ; they have traditions and feelings analogous to our own. But are the Romans then of loss value than the Roumans ? Or will it please the Western Powers rather to procure quiet and sceurity to that distant region, than this, which lies in the very heart of Italy ? They have, if the report is true, asked the advice of the priests, although it would have been more just and rea sonable to begin, as they did in the Principalities, by courting the mind and will of the population at large. But, however this may be, since they have made them selves acquainted with the will of the Roman court, let them now show the same eagerness to know the real wants and wishes of the Roman people. They may, if they like, proceed in the most cautious and prudent way they deem expedient. They may bold very limited 'meetings, they may even appeal to those very narrow electoral bodies which Cardinal Antonelli promised to call together in his municipal law. Let the convocation only be for a short time; but let them assure the electors that they sha:l suffer no hindrance from priests or Austrians on account of the opinions they may give utterance to, or the resolu tions they may adopt. This is the least Europe can do— this she is in duty bound to do, as she does it for the Heide- Wallachians. This is the test to which I should wish the priests to be put: by this trial the people of the Roman state will see at least the good intentions of the Western Powers. I have now to glance at the Duchies of Parma and Modena, and at the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. So long as Earope allows Austria to invade those States at her own free will, it is certainly impossible that their rulers may keep up even the shadow of independence. Be it remem bered that the Duke of Modena and the Grand Duke of Tuscany are Austrians by blood, and no one will wonder if they show no eagerness to shake off their allegiance to the Emperor. Little need be said, therefore, except that all the evil that may be imputed to them must needs be laid chiefly at Austria's door. I wish, above all things, to say very little about that unhappy lady who reigns at Parma, because, after the misfortune which befel her own family, she had the other misfortune to get into a family of madmen, to become the wife of a maniac ; then the other misfortune of governing a country driven to despair by a crowd of villains of every race and nation ; and lastly, the greatest of all misfor tunes—that cf being yoked to the chariot of Austrian policy. Austria, so long as Maria Louisa lived, always strove to deprive the Parmesan Government of all au thority and dignity as a free state, and endeavoured since, and endeavours now, to plunge it into utter, in cessant disorder ; because, as Lord Lyndhurst justly observed, anything like order would deprive her of any pretext for occupation or interference. The Duchy of Parma has become an Austrian fief. In vain did the Duchess, after her husband's death, call a few worthy men to the highest state offices. She has to bear the penalty of Austrian treacheries, of the timid and waste ful madness of her father-in-law, of the wasteful and brutal madness of her husband, and of the despair to which all these evils have given rise amongst her subjects. The Duchess and the honest men who are true to her, as they are unwilling to throw themselves utterly at the fad of Austria, are rather victims to be pitied than criminals to be condemned. Far more, however, are the wretched people to be pitied tuft as they are of freedom, of security, o f • o of siege, military tribunals, the prisons of jblantne.a, State trian justice. No Dachy of Parma is any more in-celintiga. Austria has only one more province. The treaty of 1811 i; violated by the compact of 1817, and Piacenza has become a stronghold of Austrian despotism. Down with those d uca l 1 arms ! Down with that last t hantom of soverei gn t y ! Let be world no longer witness the sight of a royal princess subjected to caprices of an Austrian officer. In Modena hitherto the abuses have been either less grievous or less flagrant. The Duke is an Austrian, and as the last drops of the blood of Este become extinct at his death, the Court of Vienna reckons upon his heritage. Modena is another Austrian province. No Austrian troops are in the duchy at the present moments they quitted it two years ago ; but they can always go back on a sum mons from the Duke or at their own good pleasure. The treaty of 1847 secures their free return ; and return they will. The city itself (Modena) seems quiet, but we hear of disturbances and bloodshed in th e p rov i nces ; a nd we k now to whom Italian princes have recourse on the occur rence of any sedition. I shall not say a great deal about Tuscany, as a few words are • eumelent. There is no country in Italy in which the rulers have more hT shamelessly broken their e ngage. ments without cause. e Grand D u k e gran t e d a consti tution in 1818, which was puto aside after a f ew mon th s , owing first to paltry deeds f violence, then to a still more paltry flight. On the 12th of April, 1849, Florence re /doted it; her example was followed by This towns; only Leghorn persevered in her rebellio n . rebellion was an excellent pretext for Austrian int e rvent ion, was described by the Grand - Ducal govenaraentl°: which spon taneous movement of the Austrians, till D a , As declared very openly that fit had taken plac e at Ire *rand Duke's own request. The Austrians were to ocouPy only Leghorn, but they indeed on going to Florence also, and remained. But in the meantime the Grand Duke, both from Gaeta, and in Florence, repeatedly confirmed the constitution, and his minis ters referred to it in a hundred decrees. This fiction lasted, if I remember right, more than two years, until it was solemnly abolished, with the help of the very men who had compiled it, and were sworn to it again and again— and it became a state crime for a Tuscan to call himself a Constitutionalist. Yet the state traitors are those minis ters themselves ; and so they will be held so long as men abide by the elementary notions of right and wrong, of justice and iniquity. They may be absolved by the power ful—by their confessors ; the multitude may forget or hold its peace ; but all is written down by history. They may say it is all Austria's fault, and I hope it is truly so ; and if they will only speak out, they who are now the accom plices of Austria may make amends for past misdeeds. And already I almost fancy I hear them whispering that they were guilty from fear; for there are people so base that they think all guilt may be excused by pleading the worst of all guilt—cowardice. Such is the education men receive in Italy that such a plea is generally ad mitted ; and the dread of the Austrians, which is unfortu nately too great in the hearts of many, must indeed have been huge in the paltry ministerial hearts of the Tuscan cabinet. But it is well that the world should know the guilt and the cause of it. The Austrian Emperor, when he had no more occasion to make and unmake constitutions, abolished that of the empire ; then he ad vised his kinsmen to do the same. Such a counsel is a command. The kinsmen obeyed ; and Tuscany saw her government Austrianised even to the coats of her soldiers. And as in all other matters, so also in the relations between church and state. The pupils of Joseph IL became monks at Vienna; those of Peter Leopold put on the cowl at Florence. A petty concordat they have got already : now they are getting up a big concordat, after the Austrian pattern. They deny it, but who will believe them ? What Vienna bids is done at Florence, and Baldasseroni will go the Via Cruci.s. Meanwhile we hear of arrests and trials in Tuscany for conscience' sake, and the Leopoldine codes are torn to pieces one by one ; and I am told no man is allowed a passport without presenting a certificate of hav ing complied with the duties of confession, communion, &c. Only let Austria have time, and under Leopold 11. all the work of Leopold I. shall be undone ; and let the latter find what rest he can in his grave. Certainly we hear of no atrocious deeds in Tuscany. There is no suf ferer for deeds of that nature ; there are no men on which to perpetrate them. The Tuscans are the mildest and gentlest people on the earth. Landucci, who is a very cannibal in that government; is a mere amateur. He began his career as a monster too late ; a few years ago he was a great liberal. There is not much of the tiger in his composition—more of the monkey : he apes Vienna and Naples. - - But, in the meanwhile, what is the result of so much hy pocrisy, falsehood, and cowardice? Certainly not that of converting the Tuscans into Austrians or Jesuits. If the Government turn to Vienna or Naples, the people look elsewhere. I will not play the prophet, but I swear that Tuscany will yet be Italian. All these matters of the smaller states, however, are not so hard to settle in some manner as those of Naples and Rome. Here Western diplomacy, if it be in earnest, can change the whole aspect. of things. It is enough that an intimation should be conveyed to these governments that they must not hope to have Austrian troops at their beck, and that will probably be sufficient to bring them to rea son; and if the people be allowed to have in some manner a hand in the management of the state, Europe may mst assured that Austrian interference and influence will be at an end. Now, to bring this long discourse to an end, sir, I musi bring the question to its first issue, and I will do so with out departing from that field to which diplomacy musi needs be limited. The negotiators of 18'5 did not recognise one Italy. They recognised independent States in the Italian Penin sula. This conception, certainly not unfavourable to the union and strength of our nation, led to an arrangement which proved equally unfavourable to that artifizial ba lance of power they were toiling to produce. Whoever will mentally divide the Peninsula into great compartments, whoever considers the positions of both, their history and their international bearings, will per ceive at a glance how much more important the Northern compartment may be to the European balance of powers than the Southern division. The dictators of 1815 split the Peninsula into many States, and did not know how to place at the North, whence the greatest dangers arise, a bulwark of a strong national kingdom; they rather placed the largest kingdom in the South, dividing Northern Italy into two, or rather into five or six states, for Parma, Modena, and Bologna alio belong to Northern Italy. These errors wore fatal to that Italian balance which was of so great an im portance to the European balance. Yet if of the two king doms of Northern Italy, almost equal in population, they Iliad made to o states perfectly independent and free from foreign domination, with a mitional prince and a national army—l will not say that the nation would have had all her wishes gratified, but I contend that such an arrange ment would have been more consonant to national right, and more advantageous to the universal balance. Instead of this, by the side of the kingdom of Sardinia, they placed, in Northern Italy, under the name of Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom, one of the vastest and mightiest empires; and in Milan, with the name of Viceroy, a brother of the Em peror, who never had even the shade of vice-regal autho rity. They promised to that kingdom, or vice-kingdom, a separate administration, but the oligarchs at Vienna kept neither that nor any. other promise given to the people before the face of all Europe. In course of time matters have comp to this, that all feelidg of shame has been banished, and the very shade of that vice-kingdom kas ceased to exist. A soldier executes in the Italian pro vinces the order of the Viennese Government; presently they will say that Lombardy and Venetia are German lands ! Be this as it may, I wished to call your attention to the fact, sir, that in northern Italy the arbitrators of Europe placed a national kingdom, which could bring ieto the field 40,000 or 60,003 men, by the side of an empire who had 300 or 400 combatants under arms, and gave the former an open frontier, precisely on that side upon which all the huge force of its neighbours gravitated. And as if this were not sufficient, they put two, or, at first, indeed, three im perial princes in three contiguous little states, allowing Austria to dismantle Alessandria in the kingdom of Sar dinia, and to garrison Piacenza in the Duchy of Parma, Ferrara and Comacchio in the Papal States, and to prefer claims of reversibility, as they call them, over the States of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany. If this was not the best contrivance to destroy all balance in Europe, I should like to know what other contrivance might be conceived ? Austria, preponderant in Upper and Central Italy by all the military strength of her empire, by her strategic posi tion, by her alliances, if not by family ascendancy, by the fortresses she occupied in her own and in her neighbour's territory, was not only paramount, but absolute in the councils of all the Italian Princes. Who could emancipate himself from her sway ? Who had strength in himself, or could seek it in foreign alliances ? That league of the great powers which was called the Holy Alliance, strengthened by their advice and by their aid the omnipotence of Austria. The King of Sardinia, Victor Emmanuel 1., champed upon the bit, and his ministers, hononrable and virtuous met), endeavoured to reveal how dark were the intentions of the Cabinet of Vienna, how many their treacheries, how great the enslavement of Italy, how imminent the danger of Europe. If the ministers of France and England exert themselves to look out for the documents of the complaints and warnings of the ministers and ambassadors of Victor Emmanuel 1., they will then fully appreciate the warnings and protests of the councillors and ambassadors of victor Emanuel 11. There are people here who cry out against the rashness evinced by these latter, because at this present day publicity brings into light negotiations that were then secret, ; but if those people wore less igno rant or more sincere, they would have to confess that the policy pursued at the present day by Sardinia with respect to Austria and Italy, is the same that was followed from the very first year after the restoration of the dynasty of Savoy. But at that time the powers who were leagued against France, having taken upon themselves the arbitra tion over the destinies of Europe, thought less of support ing the rights of the weak than of mutually vindicating the deeds of iniquity of which they were guilty. France had been conquered, but the Bourbons who had risen on the ruins of their country had joined the confederacy of the conquerors ; so that the alliance was strengthened by the consent and influence of that very nation against which it had fought. At Aix-la-Chapelle the confederates established the principle that their forces would be ready to aid those legitimate princes who might need them, or who asked for them for the purpose of keeping their sub jects in check. England, to say the truth, did not openly vote in favour of that resolution, but neither did she openly oppo se it. The Bourbons, who had gained by it, gave their assent in the name of France. That gave rise to the principle of intervention. It, had its ground, not in the terms of p u bli c treaties, not in the code of public law, but depend e d on a mere conversation of princes and ambassa dors, in a resolution not approved by England, and ap proved by the Bourbons against the national right of France, not known, not openly acquiesced in by the rulers of the smaller states. It is upon that principle, however, that Aus tria seems to rest her right to meddle in the affairs of all the Italian states, whenever her interference is called for by the legitimate princes. Wherefore many ask whether England governed by Lord Palmerston is more prone t) admit, the maxims laid down at Aix la-Chapelle than was England governed by Lord Castlereagh ; but no one expects Napo leon 111. to confirm in behalf of legitimat© princes the maxims that met with the approbation of Louis XVIII. The events of the years 1820-21 in Italy gave Austria the first opportunity of acting upon the system of armed inter vention. England suffered it, and so did Russia, who was anxious to pursue her career in the East, although this latter had no great faith in the Cabinet of Vienna. But she hoped, perhaps, that by allowing that Cabinet leisure to gratify her covetousness and ambition in the West it would have found no fault with her own designs on the East. Now, after longer and greater proofs of forbear. ance, indeed after great benefits conferred upon Austria, it would seem that even Russia has perceived that gratitude is not the highest political virtue of the Hapsburg. Napoleon 111. ought to know it too, and if it be true that Austrian ingratitude broke Nicholas's heart, he ought not to be without uneasiness for himself. The allies induced, then, France to the expedition of Spain, to satisfy at the same time the dynastic pride and the warlike spirit of that country, but still more in order to bring her to give by her own example the amplest con firmation to the principle of intervention. England at tempted in the case of Spain a greater resistance than she had exhibited towards Italy, but she displayed no vigour, and failed utterly. And the principle first laid down at Aix-la-Chapelle had received further extension at Trop pan, Laybach, and Verona, or at least it had practically become wider, because arms were employed, not merely to restore to their throne legitimate princes, but also to re establish their absolute sovereignty. So that by the means of interventions, not only the legitimacy or divine right of princes was confirmed, but also the legitimacy, the inviola bility, and, so to say, the divinity of despotism was hal lowed. I know not whether the English Government paid attention to the matter at the time, but it ought to mind it now, if it is true that it cares for representative government and constitutional monarchy. After the above-mentioned interventions, Austria was actually mistress of Italy, and so she appeared in the eyes both of the princes and of the people of Italy and of all Europe. Her influence preponderated even at Turin, al though the ministers of Charles Felix were not altogether obsequious to her, but stood in dread of popular commo tions, and were weighed down by the whole might of the empire. (To be concluded in our next.) Naval and Military Intelligence. Orders were issued in Woolwich garrison on Wednes day for the immediate formation of a field battery de tachment, which is to consist of one Aijutant (Captain Bruce), one Quartermaster and commissary of Stores (Mr. Henley, 12th Battalion), one Sergeant-Maj , T, one Quartermaster Sergeant, and the artificers of the regi ment. The transport-ship New Pelton arrived yesterday at Woolwich from the East with 500 tons of victualling stores and 2,000 10 inch shot. The sailing transports Chance and Intrepid have also arrived with Ordnance and light stores, and are ordered to be paid off. Notice has been given in the carriage department of Woolwich Arsenal for the dismissal of 130 artificers on the Ist of September. The Admiral Moorsom sailing transport, and the Jar row arrived at P,rtsmouth on Wednesday from the Crimea with stores. The Vulcan steam troop-ship, Commander Furneanr, arrived at Spithead yesterday from the Crimea with stores. The Hecate steam-sloop, Commander Gordon, sailed from Portsmouth yesterday for the Coast of Africa. The Lords of the Admiralty inspected the ships under repair at Plymouth, viz. :—le the tidal basin, the screw steam-ship Ajax, 60, which is taking in new boilers and getting the shaft tube lined with lignum vitae bearings ; the screw steam-ship James Watt, 91, the repairs of whose engines will occupy two months, in consequence of which her crew will probably be paid off ; the paddle wheel steam-sloop Styx, 6, requiring repairs to her hull and rnschinery ; the gunboats Staunch and Haughty, fitting for service in the East Indies, and supplied with ventilators designed at Devonport, which met the approval of Admirals Berkeley and Eden, and Captain Sir Baldwin Walker, who personally inspected the plan, which will probably be adopted at the other arsenals ; the Advice, tender to the Admiral at Cork ; and the Hind, Redwing, and Magpie gunboats, the two latter requiring to have condensers fitted. In dock No. 1 is the steam-transport Himalaya, which is 375 feet long over all, and 344 feet load line; in consequence of the shortness of the dock 14 feet of the granite-work and rock had to be cut away by Mr. Turner, the mast r builder. The work was performed with so much accuracy that when inside with her rudder hard a starboard, the rudder was nearly touching the caisson, and the stem only one-eighth of an inch clear of the head of the dock. The skilfulnas.s of the arrange ment received the commendation of their Lordships. The crew of the Himalaya are to be paid off on Monday. She will proba* be nndocked in September and placed among the first class reserve ships. In No. 2 dock is the paddlewheel steam sloop, Inflex ible,' 6, and trgoing extensive repairs, after which she will receive new builers. In No'. 3, or the Que_n's Dock, is the screw steam. ship Exmouth, 90, whose shaft tube, like that of the Ajax, is to be fitted with lignuin vita bearings. She was appointed to be taken out of dock on Wedesrday, to give place to the Advice. This dock is 310 feet long over all, and ;t is probable that their Lordships will have it lengthened some 70 or 80 feet. Within the last 12 mouths there have been under re pair in the Keyham.yard 11 line-otbattle ships and 29 others, some of which required extensive alterations. On one occasion seven line-of battle ships and 13 others were repairing at the same time, and it is stated that the Lords of the Admiralty, seeing the great utility of the establishment, contemplate doubling its present area, by a lding two fields near Weston-mill Lake, where two docks upwards of 800 feet long can be built, with caissons to cut them into four docks. The increased space will afford a sufficient site for barracks, an accom modation much required for the adjacent Government establishments, which are at a considerable distance from the garrisons of Plymouth and Devonport. The First Lord and Admiral Berkeley, attend. l by C ilonel Greene, made a very minute survey of the new ground. On Tiu.sday, after landing at the Royal William Victualling yard and mustering the men, the Lords of the Admiralty inspected the Royal Marine Barracks, and went on board the fl igship Impregnable, 104, Cap tain Wise, in Hansom, which received them with manned yards and a salute of 17 guns. Three or four hours were spent on boatel her and the Royal William, 120, Captain Frederick Hutton. In the afternoon a bow 41 meeting was held in the saloon of the Osborne, when, among other subjects determined on, one agitated by C tptain Sur erintendent the abolition of a timber pond in Stonehouse lake, was set at rest by Sir Charles Wood, who stated that no unnecessary obAruc tions would be given by the Admiralty to the trade and commerce of the port of Plymouth. The Queen through Captain the Hon. Joseph Denman, of the Royal yacht Victoria and Albert, has been pleased to send to Mr. Thompson, harbour-master at Plymouth, a handsome gold watch, in approbation of his conduct services when her Majesty visited Endsleigli and Sal tram during the recent cruise down Channel. The Drake and Janus, steam gun-boats, Lieutenants Peile and Robson, arrived at Spitheal yesterday from the westward. The Algiers, 91, Captain Codrington, C. 8., went into Portsmouth Harbour yesterday, and tie Simoom, 18, Captain Sulivan, went into harbour to be paid off. Second-Lieutenant W. Stirling and Second-Lieutenant W. N. G. Johnson have been ordered to proceed from Chatham to Portsmouth, to embark on board the Algiers. The Cyc'ops, 6, Master Commander John F. Rees, arrived at Sheerness on the 27th from the Mediterranean, last from Portsmouth. The Royal George, 102, Captain Robert S. Robinson, was taken into the basin at Sheerness yesterday to be disrnasted. The fallowing appointments were made yesterday al the Admiralty Commander Joseph Rundle, to the Brunswi c k ; C. P. Boyer, mate, to the Fury; E. H. Seymour, midshipman, to the Calcutta ; W. M. Moger, midshipman, to the Brunswick. Ninety-one n )n-cmnrnissioned officers and men left St. Mary's invalid depot, Chatham, yesterday, having been discharged from the service owing to wounds received in the Crimea. Each man before leaving received his arrear of pay ; and the expense of his journey home will be defrayed by the War-office. A number of the Medical Staff Corps took charge of those blind and helpless men who required assistance. THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 29, 1856, DEATH OF CAPTAIN ONSLOW. Captain John James Onslow (1834) died on the 24th instant, at Blofield, near Norwich, in the sixty-first year of his age. We take the following account of his ser vices from O'Byrne's " Naval Biography" : " This officer entered the navy April 19, 1810, as first-class volunteer on board the Surveillante, 36, Cap tain Sir George Ralph Collier, under whom he was for some time actively employed on the north coast of Spain, particularly in the boats at the capture of B3rmeo and Deba. He continued in the Surveillante, in the capa city of midshipman, until April, 1812 ; and between that period and the date of his promotion to the rank of lieutenant, Sept. 5, 1316, was employed on the Brazilian, Jamaica, and home stations in the Montague, 74, flag ship of the late Sir Manley Dixon, Aquilon, and Ceres frigates, both commanded by Captain William Bowles ; Araxes, 38, Captain George Miller Bligh ; and Boyne, 98, Captain Edmund Boger. He joined soon afterwards the Conqueror, 74, bearing the fltg of Rear Admiral Robert Plampin at St. Helena ; whence, at the close of 1317, he returned to England in the Iphigenia, 42. From September, 1818, until superseded at his own re quest in September, 1819, he served in the Downs on board the Alert s'oop, Captains Hoary John Leeke and Charles Farwell ; and, on April 23, 1822, he attained the rank of Commander. His next appointments were July 22, 1824, to the Beaver, 8, on the Jamaica station, where he remained about two years ; and, April 30, 1830, to the Clio, 18, fitting for South America. While on that station Captain Onslow was sent by Rear-Ad miral Sir Thomas Baker to reclaim possession of the Falkland Islands, which lapse of time had encouraged the Buenos Ayreans and other foreigners to consider as absolutely abandoned by the British. Arriving in De cember, 1832, at Port Egmont (West Falkland), he exercised the rights of sovereignty, and employed his boats i❑ examining Brett's Harbour, Byron's Sound, and other anchorages as far to the westward as Point Bay, a distance of 63 miles fr-nn the p'ace at which the Clio lay. He then proceeded to Berkeley Sound (East Falkland), anchored at P , rt Louis, and ejected a Buenes Ayrean force stationed there under the protection of a schooner of war. He returned to Portsmouth from Rio de Janeiro with upwaeds of 888,000 dollars, June 3, 1833 ; and on the 17th of the same month was paid off. He was advanced to post-rank August 27, 1831: and was lastly, from July 23, 1842, until put out of com mission in the early part of 1847, employed in the Paci fic on board the Daphne, 18." A. new line of Brazil steamers is aboat to be started. Tbey are auxiliary screws of 700 tons and 80 horse powers, and one is to leave Southampton for Bahia and Rio on the 23 , 1 of every month. The names of the yes eels are the Celt, tho Dane, and the Norman, and a fourth is in couree of construction. The Norman is to sail on the 23d of September, THE SUSPECTED MURDER AT RAMP- TON COURT. Mr. Vilakley, the coroner, accompanied by Mr. Brent, the deputy-coroner, resumed yesterday at Hampton court the adjourned inquiry into the death of Lewis Solomons, a returned Australian gold-digger, whose body was:found in the Thames, near Hampton Court, on Monday the 28th of July. George Gray, the man with whom the deceased's wife went to live during Solomons' absence in Australia, was the first witness examined—l live at 2, Thomas-street, Commercial-road, East, and am a glue maker. Knew the deceased. Can't so.y when I saw him last alive, but believe it was the day after he arrived in London. I saw him at my house, as he came to see my wife. I was at work at the time he first called, and my wife bad been out all the day, only coming home between one and two o'clock in the morning, without telling me where she had been. Wben he came next day the conversation was principally about his wife having a child to me, which I told him was very true. He said he would nei• ther hang cor drown himself. He showed no weapon, nor did he threaten me in any way. I don't recollect the day. He seemed rational and composed enough when I saw him. I can positively swear that I have never seen him since. On the Saturday before the body was blind I went with my wife to his sister's, at Charles street, Hatton-garden. I did not know that he h been missed, and had beard that he had gone off again t 3 Australia. I will swear that I never said in the pre sence of any person—" Mrs. Solomons may con.ider herself a widow," or that he should never take her to Australia. That story has been concocted by Davis and hos 3 around me here. Co.oner—Your own conduct is not ♦ery clear, and you must not cast imputations upon other people. Evidence resumed—l had heard that Davis had a pair of pistols, and swore he would be the death of Solomons. The witness proceeded to account for the way in which he had employed his time from the 24th of July (when deceased left home) until the following Monday night. His wife never told him deceased was going to Hampton Court or elsewhere. Would swear solemnly and delibe rately that he had not seen deceaseti after the day he had mentioned. Joseph Lane, 85, Brook-street, Lambetb, boiler-maker, who had known deceased for 24 years, was the next wit ness—He deposed that he last saw the deceased on the Saturday before he was missed, and wrote a letter t 9 Ben digo for him, about some money. Deceased said he bad been drinking about a fortnight, but did not compl►in of his head, but of his heart, saying it was like a block of marble. He said his first thought on learning his wife's conduct was to make away with himself, but he intended to live and work for the children. He was not so rational in his manner as before he went to Australia. He said at times that he could not live away from his wife. Witness was afraid that he would commit suicide, and when he was with him witness kept his razors away from him. Mr. Samuels, Ratcliff-highway, deposed to being out with the deceased on the 21st of July, when the latter showed him a pistol, which he fired with some pea shot. Witness had seen some of the shot found in the body by Dr. Garrod, at the exhumation. Those the deceased showed witness appeared to be rather larger. He showed witness some 30 or 40. Should think the pistol was the same as the one produced. He said he intended the pistol for Mr. Davis, if he bad met him when first landing. He proposed going out again by the ship Orwell. He said he had a good deal of property out in Australia. Chas. M. Lee, 17, said he was the son of a tailor, and worked at 39, Charles-street, Hatton-garden, at the patent screw work. He remembered Mr. Davis calling at the house (Mrs. Tyler's) about two months ago. He went down on his knees in one of the rooms. He had two pistols with him, and said he would kill his brother or cousin whenever he saw him. (The witness here _ _ looked round the room, and pointed out Mr. Davis as the man whom he saw at Mrs. Tyler's.) Solomons came afterwards on another day, when Mrs. Tyler told him what Mr. Davis had said, and the deceased only laughed. There was Mrs. Tyler present, and the man who works there. _ Mrs. Quigley, who gave evidence en the former healt ing, was recalled, and contradicted the last witness. In consequence of a communication received at this point from the inspector of police, the coroner ordered the room to be cleared. Upon the readmission of the public in half an hour, Gray was recalled, with his wife, when the coroner .aid that the inspector of police had received information to the effect that the deceasel had been seen alive after the day mentioned in the depo sitions. The information which had bee❑ received was in consequence of the publication of the former evidence in the newspapers, and he felt no doubt but that the evidence which had just been taken, small as it was, would be the means of eliciting further information. The case was a very mysterious on , -, and required full investigation, and he woul I therefore further adjourn the inquiry. Sporting Intelligence. TATTERSALL'S.--THURSDAY. Not a bet worth troting came under our notice. Tnis CALEDONIAL—We have been requested to state that this horse, the winner of the Ruonytnede Stakes, at Eghasa, is the property of Major Yates, in whose name it ought to have been returned. .TERICIO.—This valuable stud horse died at Newmar ket of inflammation on Tuesday last. DONCAST. The Great Yorkshire Hand and 5 only if declared on 2d of September, with 10 Age st lb Neville Aladdin 5 9 0 Mr. Sykes 6 9 0 Typee 6 8 12 Early Bird 5 8 8 King of Trumps a 8 8 Polestar 4 8 6 Wild Huntsman 5 8 6 Saucebox Speed the Plough 6 8 6 Saraband Hungerford Rylstone Gamekeeper 5 7 10 Yellow Jack 3 7 10 Lady Tatton 4 7 9 Quince Bonnie Morn 4 7 9 Rotherham Shoreham Flatterer Sluggard Alembic 5 7 6 Gelding by Sur plice out of Clomentina 4 7 6 Herald Courtenay 4 7 6 Siding Red Lion Warlock Yorkshire Grey 4 7 3 Heir of Linne Stork Forbidden Fruit 3 7 0 Goldhill 3 7 0 Border Chief 4 7 0 Vandal Sly Fellow 3 7 0 B Alton Imogene Lundyfuot 3 7 0 Redemption The Cleveland Handicap of 20 soya each, h ft, and only sif declared on or before Tuesday, Sept. 2, with 60 added. One mile. R RACES. icap of 25 lova each, 15 ft, or before Tuesday next, the 1 0 added. St. Leger course. Age at lb The Earl ivlishap Marchioness Fanny Gray Freddy Pantomime Ephorus 3 6 8 Go rtschakoff 3 6 8 L. Derwentwater 3 6 7 La Victime Bandalore Termagant 3 6 6 Stanhope Midhope King of Scotland 3 6 4 Good Friday '3 6 2 Prince of Orange 3 6 2 Newinton Omer Paella Johnny Taft Louvat King Brian ifiarly Morn Furioso Morris Dancer Gaudy Calphurnia King of Gipsies 3 6 0 Preston Kestrel Colt by Orlando out of Clarissa 3 5 12 Puck 3 5 12 _ _ Coal Black Bose 3 The Hawk 3 Arago The Duffer 3 Houghton 8 Panniure raw(' Deer Miss Harkaway— $ Hayboy 4 Age st lb King of Trumps a 9 0 Neville Lord Alfred Courtenay 4 8 0 Ellermire Rylstono Mary GrwculU4 Eiuriens 4 7 6 Border Chief 4 7 4 Dame Judith = 4 7 2 Forbidden Fruit 3 7 2 Sly Fellow 3 7 2 Ephorus 3 7 0 Omer Paella The Corporation Plate of 111 handicap sweepstakes of 1 Aga st lb Ellermire Plausible Newmarket! Hospitality King of Scotland 3 7 11 Baroda Lady Florence Alfred Jack Sheppard Flyaway 8 7 8 Breeze Bessie 4 7 7 Emulation 3 7 7 Porto Rico 3 7 7 Peter Flat 3 7 7 Gaudy Kestrel Panmure Age et lb Tyrius Flyaway Morris Dancer 3 6 7 Gaudy Treachery Agra Furioso Duet Pancnure The Hawk' 3 6 0 Coal Black Rose 3 i 3 King Brian Miss Harkaway 3 5 9 10 SOTS in specie, a•lded to a .0 sous each, 5 ft. T.Y.C. Age st lb Mr. Verdant Green 3 7 0 Mermaid Thames Ditton Alma Imposture 3 6 12 Pyrrha King Brian .. 3 610 Miss Harkaway Gernma di Vergy 2 6 9 Emily 2 6 7 Bel Esperanza Slattern 2 5 11 Evelyn Pontifical Black Tommy M. Dobler... Homccopathist STOCKTON RACES.—TEIURSDAY. Trial Stakes One Mile. Homoeopathist ................................. (Withinoton) 1 Byrsa ...................................................([s ates) b 2 Janet (Bullock) 3 Logie o' Buchan (inewden) 4 F, , ur ran. Won by a length. Cleveland Stakes. Three quarters of a mile. Skirmisher (Nlarson) 1 Riseder (Aidcroit) 2 Red White and Blue ........................... (Cartwright) 3 Sichseus, Bonnie Doon, and Princess of Orange, also ra n. Won by a short head. A length between the se.3ond and third. Stockton Handicap. Two miles. Preston Lady Tatton (Osborne) 0 Yorkshi r e Gr e y ................................. (Bearpark) 0 Scotchman .(Gill) 4 Four ran. Won by a short head. A fine race in, with Preston, Lady head. and York snire Grey, ended in favour of Preston by a head. A dead heat with Lady Tatton and Yorkshire Grey for taecond place. EDINBURGII IMPROVFMENTS. Although there are no large rnanuracturinr , b establish ments in Eiinbitrgh to attract a great numbtt of the working classes to it as a field for employment, yet the attractions of our city as a place of residence, and the employment given to tradesmen by the ex penditure of the resident gentry and professional men, together with the advantages of its educational estab lishments, all contribute to swell the tide of popula tion, which marks its increase in the continued ex tension of the city. During the decennial period from 1841 to 1851, the population of Edinburgh and Leith increased from 166,450 to 193,920, being an addition of 27,429 in ten years. At the same rate of increase the population of the metropolis is now 210,000. This increase of population has given an impulse to the building trade, so long stagnant after the over specula tion of 1825. Within the last five years there have been built the beautiful buildings of Clareodon-creFcent, Eaton-terrace, and Cambridge-terrace, at the Dean. bridge. In the same vicinity, Randolph-crescent, Ran dolph-place, and Great Stuart-street, have been com pleted. The large district to the south of the city consprisin:4 the Grange, Whitehouse Estate, Green hill, Morningsicle, and Merchiston, extending over a space of one square mile, has been intersected by numerous streets, and almost covered with houses, and, which, in five years more, will have become a southern city of villas. Numbers of houses in the same style have been built, and are building, on the north side of the city at Trinity and Grantou ; and in many streets of the city numerous dwelling. houses are in pi-ogress. At present there are no less than thirteen churches building or about to be built—namely, the Baptist Church, in Dublin-street, for the Elder-street congregation ; English Episcopal Chapel, S. Vincent street ; St. Andrew's Episcopal Chapel, south back of Canongate ; Free Tolbooth Church, St. Andrew's square, on the site of the Exchange Bank ; Free Buc cleuch Church, Crosscauseway ; Free St. Mary's, Broughton-street ; Independent Chapel, George IV. Bridge, for Dr. Alexander's congregation ; United Pres byterian Church, South Clerk-street, for Dr. Peddie's congregation, Bristo ; St. Peter's Episcopal Chapel, South Clerk-street ; New Free Church Aesembly Hall, Lawnmarket; Grayfriars Church, rebuilding ; new ! chapel in the castle; and Trinity College Church, Calton• hill. Seven splendid mansions are now building in the Royal-terrace, Calton-hill. Ten handsome villas are in pro gress at Bruntsfield-terrace (a new street facing the Links at Greenhill), and six more in Greenhill-gardens. A new street, to be called Leuchars-street, is in progress behind Clarendon•crescent. Large additions are being made to the Advocates' Library ; and on the opposite side of George IV. Bridge and Victoria terrace large and handsome buildings are i❑ progress. At Holyrood new accesses have been formed to the Palace from the south and north, which have greatly improved its appearance. A large range of buildings is nearly finished, forming one of the four sides of Melville-crescent, Melville•street. The Life Association of Scotland is erecting a handsome edifice in Princes-street, which is to be similar in de sign to the new Commercial Bank in Gordon-street, Gla , gow. A new street has been opened leading from Lauriston to the meadows, and several houses are erecting there. The new road from the south side of the city to Duddingston and Portobello, through the Queen's-park, is being contracted for, and will be commenced immedi ately. The Town Council have approved the report upon the new road to the east of the National Gallery, and it is in course of formation. In addition to the many fine statues which we already possess, one of Professor Wilson is being cast, and will be erected in East Princes-street Gardens, probably in front of the eastern portico of the National Gallery. A statue of the late Lord Mel_ vine is to be erected in front of the County Buildings, The pedestal to receive the statue of the late Lord Jus tice-General Boyle has been erected in the great hall of the Parliament House. THE HONDURAS INT ER-OCEA NIC BAIL WA Y. At the last meeting of Liverpool Chamber of Commerce, which laps appointed its president to co-ope rate with Mr. W. Brown, M.P. for South Lancashire, chairman of this enterprise, in making known its im portance to the mercantile community of both hemi sphei es, the latter gentleman said—The length of the line is 161 miles, through the republic of Honduras, from Puerto Cabello to the Bay of Fonseca. The charter from the Government of Honduras, ratified by the Legis- ' lative Chambers, April 28, 1855, and proclaimed by the President as a law of the land, provides that the ports at both extremities shall be free ; all property in, transitu free of duty, and no passports required. The state gave the company about2,3oo square miles, or 1,500,000 acres; also a bounty of 75 acres to each labourer, and exemption from public service to each citizen entering the service of the company. The protection of the United States and Great Britain is extended to the route, by the Convention of July, 1850. This road will establish adequate and per manent transit bet ween the Atlanticand Pacific, primarily for the Californian and Australian trade ; secondarily, that of the Western States of the American Continent, the Pacific Islands, and the centres of Oriental commerce in India, China, and Japan. The existing travel be tween the Atlantic and Pacific ports of the United States is 80,000 passengers per annum; the trea-ure equals 80,000,000 dole. (16,000,0001) annually ; and the fast increasing general commerce demands corresponding ac commodation. Add the probable requirements of Aus tralia, amounting in treasure (1854) to 43,850,000 dole. (8,770,0001.) ; passengers (1855) 52,309 ; and imports (1853) from England alone, $72,530,000 (14,506,0001.). The peca!iar advantages which will enable the line to mint those requirements are-1. Fine ports, for the largest ships and steamers, at both extremities, sur rounded by fertile districts, capable of furnishing the amplest supplies for ships and passenger?. 2. A posi tive saving over Panama, the only other available and practicable route across the Isthmus of Central Ame rica, of not less than 1,300 miles of sailing distance, ar.d, from the superior facility of embarkation and disembar kation, of not less than from 7 to 10 days from Europe and the eastern ports of the United States to the great centres of trade and travel in the Pacific, viz., Califor nia; Saud wich Islands, China, Japan, and East Indies. 3. It passes through a country of eminent salubrity, and vast mineral and agricultural riches, ranking, in these re.pects, with the best parts of Mexico. Ti short, it is unrivalled in respect of distance, cheapness of construc tion, climate, scenery, local resources arising front mi neral and agricultural wealth, cheap timber and other ma terials, perfectly safe harbours, accessible at all times to the deepest sea going steamers and sailing vessels. Nearly 100,000 souls exist in or near the line, which runs through Comayagua, capital of the Republic of Hondu ras. Several thousands on the north coast are employed in cutting mahogany and other precious woods for ex port, precisely the kind of work required on the railway. Contracts are offered for the supply of from. 2,000 to 6,000 skilled native labourers as may be required, at from 10 dole. to 14 doll. (21. to 31.) per month, including rations. By this route, at the present rate of speed, passages can be made by rail and steam, from New York to California in 14 days ; and from London or Paris to Australia or China in 45 days. Mr. Brown referred to the settlement of the Central American question, recently arrived at between Lord Clarendon, Mr. Dallas, and the Honduras Plenipotentiary, Senor Don Jean Victor Her ran, as calculated materially to facilitate the undertaking. Mr. J. C. EwART, M.P. for Liverpool, in seconding the resolution, which was carried unanimously, as to the President of the Chamber of Commerce acting on the directorate of the railway, said the importance of the sub ject could net be overrated. It was most desirable to improve the communication between the two oceans, and, with the guarantees of England, France, and Ame rica, they could not doubt of success. MAIL PACKETS TO THE CAPE OF GOOD 1:10P1; AND INDIA. Her Majesty's Government having entered into a con tract for the conveyance of mails by a line of screw steamers, to be despatched monthly to the Cape of Good Hope, and thence to Mauritius, Point de Chile, Madras, and Calcutta, mails will be made up at this office on the evening of the sth September, and on the evening of the sth of each succeeding month, and will be forwarded to Dartmouth, for transmission by those vessels. When, however, the sth of the month falls on Son day, the despatch of the mails will be deferred until the following evening. All letters, &c., for the Cape of Good Hope, Natal, St. Helena, and Ascension, will be forwarded by the new line of packets, when not addressed to be other. wise sent ; but letters, &c., for Mauritius, Ceylon, and India will continue to be forwarded as a rule via Stu z, and will be sent by the Cape packets only when specially so addressed. The Cape packets will call at St. Helena and Ascen sion on the homeward voyage only, but separate mails for those places will be made up by the outward packets, to be delivered in all cases where the packets may accidently touch there, and in all other instances to be 'left at the Cape. The following table shows the rates of postage charge able upon letters, newspapers, and books forwarded by these packets. In those cases where an (*) is prefixed, the postage must be paid in advance. For a Packet For a Letter of Books For each Places. not exceedlnz not exceeing Newspaper. half-an-ounce. half-a-pound. Cape of Good Hope._ *1 0 ... *0 6 *a 1 To Cape Town only. St. Helena 0 6 ... *0 6 ... *0 1 Ascension *1 0 *0 6 0 6 *0 8 *0 1 1 BANK RETURNS. An Account, pursuant to the Act seventh and eighth Victoria, cap. 32, of the Average Amount of Bank Notes of the several Banks of Issue in England and \Vales, in Circulation during the Week ending Satur day, the 16th day of August, 1856 : Average PRIVATE BANKS. Amount. Andover Bank, Andover—Heath and Co. Ashford Bank, Ashford—Jemmitt and Pomfret 11,923 Aylsham Bank, Aylsham—G. and T. Copeman 3,862 Aylesbury Old Bank, Aylesbury—Z. D. Hunt 34,150 Baldock Bank and Baldock and Biggleswade Bank, Baldock—Wells, Hogge, and Co Barnstaple Bank, Barnstaple—Marshall and Co Basingstoke and Odiham Bank, Basingstoke 22,287 Lamb, and Co. Bedford Bank. Bedford—T. Barnard and Sons 34,684 Bewdley Bank, Bewdley Nichols, Baker, and -Co 9,644 Bicester and Oxfordshire Bank and Oxford Bank, Bicester—H. M. and G. Tubb Birmingham Bank, Birmingham --Attwoods, Spooner, and Co 22,037 Birmingham and Warwickshire Bank, Bir mingham—J. L. Moilliet and Sons 8,791 Blandford Bank, Blandford—Oak and Co. Boston Bank, Boston—Garfit and Co 66, 880 Boston Bank, Boston—H. and T. Gee and Co 14,892 Bridgwater Bank, Bridgwater—J. and J. L Sealey Bristol Bank, Bristol—Miles, Miles, and C 0... Broseley and Bridgnorth and Bridgnorth and Broseley Bank, Broseley—Pritchards, Boy cott, and Co. Buckingham Bank, Buckingham—Bartlett, Par rott, and Co. Bury and Suffolk Bank, Sudbury Bank, and Stowmarket Bank, Bury St. Edmunds — Oakes, Bevan, and Co. Banbury Bank, Banbury Gillet, Tawney, and Co. Banbury Old Bank, Banbury—Cobb and Son Bath City Bait, Bath- -G. Moger and Son Bedfordshire EVlghton Buzzard Bank, Leighton Buzzard—Lßassett, Grant, and Co Birmingham Bank, Birmingham—Taylor and Lloyds Bradford Old Bank, Bradford, Yorkshire—H A. and W. M. Harris and Co. Brecon Old Bank, Brecon—Wilkins and Co Brighton Union Bank, Brighton—Hall, West, and Borrer Burlington and Driffield Bank, Burlington— Harding, Smith, and Co Bury St. Edmunds Bank, Bury St. Edmunds — J. Worlledge Cambridge Bank, Cambridge—Mortlock & Co Cambridge and Cambridgeshire Bank, Cam bridge—Messrs. Fosters Canterbury Bank, Canterbury—Hammond and 8,500 15,318 7,663 33,382 16,784 21,390 70,885 $3,177 24,011 225 33,460 28,850 12, 408 55,170 18,908 12,309 2,815 11,484 46,0 f Co Carmarthen Bank, Carmarthen—David Morris and Sons Chertsey Bank, Chertsey—La Coste and Son Colchester Bank, -Colchester—Round & Green • Colchester and Essex Bank, and Witham and Essex Bank, and Hadleigh, Suffolk, Bank, Colchester—Mills, Bawtree, and Co Cornish Bank, Truro—Tweedy and Co Coventry Bank, Coventry—Little & Woodcock City Bank, Exeter—Milford and Co Craven Bank, Settle—Alcocks, Birkbecks, and Co Cardiff Bank, Cardiff—Towgood and Co Chepstow Old Bank, Chepstow Bank, Mon mouth Old Bank, Monmouth Bank, Brecon Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank, Chepstow—Bromage Snead, and Co Derby Bank, Derby—W. and S. Evans & Co. Derby Bank, Derby—Samuel Smith and Co Derby Old Bank and Scarsdale and High Peak Bank, Derby—Crompton, Newton, and Co Devizes and Wiltshire Bank, Devizes—Locks and Co Diss Bank, Diss—Oakes, Fincham, and Co Doncaster Bank and Retford Bank, Doncaster —Cooke and Co Darlington Bank, Durham Bank, and Stockton on-Tees Bank, Darlington—Backhouse & Co Devonport Bank, Devonport— Hodge and Co Dorchester Old Bank and' Dorsetshire Bank, Dorchester—R. and H. Williams East Cornwall Bank, Liskeard—Robins, Fos ter, and Co East Riding Bank, Beverley—Bower and Co Essex Bank and Bishop's Stortford Bank Chelmsford.—Sparrow, Round, and Co Exeter Bank, Exeter—Sanders and Co Fakenham Bank, Fakenham—Gurneys, Birk beck, and Co Farringdon Bank and Bank of Wantage, Far ringdon—Barnes, Medley, and Co Farnham Bank, Farnham Messrs Knight Faversham Bank, Faversham—Hilton and Co Godalming Bank, Godalming—Mellersh and Keen Guildford Bank, Guildford—Messrs. Haydon Grantham Bank, Grantham—Hardy and Co Hastings Old Bank, Hastings—Smith, Hader, and Co. , Hereford City and County Bank, Hereford — Matthews and Co. Hull Bank and Kingston-upon-Hull Bank, Hull, Smith, Brothers, and Co. Huntingdon Town and County Bank, Hunting. don—Rust and Veaseys Harwich Bank, Harwich—Cox, Cobbold, and Co. Hemel Hempstead Bank, Hemel Hempstead —Smith and Whittingstall Hertfordshire, Hitchin Bank, Hitchin Sharples, and Co. Hereford, Ross and Archenfield Bank, and Ross and Archenfield Bank, Hereford— Morgan and Co • Ipswich Bank, Ipswich—Bacon and Co. Ipswich and Needham Market Bank, Suffolk, Hadleigh Bank, Manningtree and Mistley Bank. and Woodbridge Bank, Ipswich— Alexanders and Co. Kentish Bank, Maidstone—Mercer, Randall, and Co. Kington and Radnsisishire Bank, Kington— Davies and Co. Knighton Bank, Knighton—Davies and C 0.... Knaresborough Old Bank and Ripon Old Bank, K n aresborough—Harrison and Co Kendal Bank, Kendal—Wakefield, Crewdson, and Co Kettering Bank, Kettering—J. C. Gotch and 28,916 21,272 2,989 16,337 33,452 43,925 6,820 17,329 68,612 8,212 9,744 30,588 25,850 8,816 10,065 75,611 81,150 9,057 50,386 89,034 52,934 45,332 25,949 6,996 12,609 5,920 5,238 13,523 24,407 26,324 16,757 19,492 Sons Lane End Staffordshire Bank, Lane End—C. Harvey and Son Leeds Bank, Leeds—• Beckett and Co. Leeds Union Bank, Leeds—W. Williams, Brown and Co. Leicester Bank, Leicester—Pagets and Kirby, Lewes Old Bank, Lewes—Molineux and Co , Lichfield Bank, Lichfield—Palmer and Greene Lincoln Bank, Lincoln—Smith, Ellison, and Co. Llandovery Bank, Lampeter Bank, and Llan dilo Bank, Llandovery—D. Jones and Co Loughborough Bank, Loughborough—Middle ton and Cradock Lymington Bank, Lymington— St. Barbe and - Co. - Lynn Regis and Lincolnshire Bank, Lynn Regis--Gurneys and Co. Lynn Regis and Norfolk Bank, Lynn Regis— Jarvis and C 0............. Macclesfield Bank, INlacclesfiel—Brolehurst and .. Manning - tree Bank, C0.........................nninee—Nunn and Co. ..................................... . Marlborough Bank, Marlborough and Wilts Old Bank, Marlborough Old Bank, Marl borough Old Bank and Hungerford Bank, and Hungerford Bank, Marlborough—Tan nerand Co Merionethshire Bank, lgelly—illiams and S on Miners' Bank, Truro—Willyams and Co Monmouthshire Agricultural and Commercial Bank, Abergavenny—Bailey and Co Monmouth Cld Bank, Monmouth Bank, Bre con Bank, Chepstow Bank, Chepstow Old Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank, Monmouth—Bromage, Snead, and Co Newark Bank, Newark—Godfrey and Riddell Newark and Sleaford Bank, and Sleaford and Newark Bank, Sleaford—Handley, Peacock, and Co Newbury Bank, Newbury—Bunny & Slocock Newmarket Bank, Newmarket—Eaton, Ham mond, and Co Norwich Crown Bank and Norfolk and Suffolk Bank, Norwich—Harveys and Hudsons... Norwich and Norfolk Bank, Norwich—Gur neys and Birkbeck Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Bank, Not tingham, Hart, Fellows, and Co Nuneaton Bank, Nuneaton—Craddock and Co Naval Bank Plymouth, Plymouth—Harris and New Sarum Bank, arum—erett an ._ Nottingham Bank, Nottingham—Samuel Smith and C0.............................................. Oswestry Bank and swy Ol Ba, s westry—Croxon and Co Oxford Old Bank Oxford—Robinson, Parsons, and ....Co Old Bank, Tonbridge, onbige and Ton bridge Wells Old Bank, Tonbridge and Ton bridge Wells and Sevenoaks Bank, Ten bridge—T. H. and S. Beeching Oxfordshire Witney Bank, Witney—J. W. Clinch and Co. Pease's Old Bank, Hull, the Hull Old Bank and Deverl.2,y Bank., Hull—Pease and C 0... Penzanco Bank, Penzance--Batten and Co. Peterborough Bank and Oundle Bank, Peter borough—D. Yorke and Co. Pembr2kcshire Bank, Haverfordwest—J. and W. 7Valters... ......................... Reading Bank, Reading—Simonds ......... . Reading Bank, Reading—Stephens, Blandy, and Co. ............................ . .......... Richmond Bank, Richmond—Roper and . Rochdale Bank, Rochdale—Clement, Royds, and Co. Rochester, Chatham, and Strood Bank, Roches ter—Day and Nicholson Royston Bank, Royston—Ferdhare and Sou Rugby Baak, Rugby—A. Butlin and Sox Rye Bank, litye—R. C. Porafrft &Co .. Ross Old Bank, Heredfordshire, Rom ,Allaway and dacdougal 48,200 5,154 33,267 22,913 19,520 65,113 12,767 22,635 3,160 19,047 40,421 9,450 4,974 52,899 37,112 25,533 26,753 78,575 26,609 7,031 3,8(35 34,159 11,400 15,080 2,163 6,970 15,164 26,447 15,907 20,072 43,516 13,034 16,Gil 44102 80,928 9,753 2,346 19,193 8,838 30,615 10,904 23,041 8,2G6 10,612 L 7, 733 10,454 8,431 11,445 30,003 28,034 5,720 4,346 8,341 12,834 0,154 11,534 3,854 Mauritius Natal *0 1 • 6 ... *0 8 ... *0 1 0 6 ... *0 S *0 1 By Command of the Pogtmaster-General. ROWLAND HILL, Secretary. General Post-office, 26th Aug., 1856. Ceylon India .. CHANGES IN THE APPROACHES TO LIVERPOOL-At the meeting of the Liverpool D,ck Committee yesterday, the m trine surveyor, Lieut. Parkes, submitted hie survey of the northern approaches to Liverpool, executed during the eeason 1856. In consequence of changes in the chan nel, the marine surveyor suggests the following altera tions in the lighting and buoyage of the pool,—That the light at present exhibited in Formby Lighchou-•e be dis• continued, and Crosby Lighthouse brought into use ; that the Formby Lightship be shifted about half a mile S.S.E. B. from its present position ; that the NH Beacon be shifted 400 yards to the northwar•i. These three objects to form a leading line up the Victoria Channel over the deepest part of the west middle into the Crosby Channel ; and that the limits of the anal water on eith• r side of this line be further defined by additional buoys to be placed on each side of the bight formed by the Victoria Channel in the west middle shoal. With respect to these and other changes, the chairman observed 'that the suggested changes should be carried into effect as soon as poseible, Country r:Tal ken. DERBY SMITIIFIELD.—Are. 26. There was a good supply of fat beasts today, and well sold, but several lots remained on hand. Sheep and )ambs were about the average, without any alteration in price. The show of fat and tore calves was good. Fat pigs again scarce. The following were the quotations :—Beef, 6d to 61d; mutton, 6!, d ko 7d ; lamb, —d to Od ; veal, 6d tc Qd per lb. ; pigs, (Os 6d to —s Od per score ; rough fat, 5s OA to Oa per 141 b. ; hides, 43 to 41d per lb ; calf-skins, sel 6i - 1 per lb. EDINETJRGH GRAIN.—Au a. 27. The supply of grain to-day was good. With the excop• tion of wheat, other grains were down. Sales heavy. We had twelve parcels of new barley, which sold from 40s to 50s per qr. Wheat, on the top, 4s 01 up, and on tho average 4s 4d up. Barley, 6d up on the top, and 9s 103 down on the average. Oats on the top 2s 9d up—on the average, ld down. Beans on the top 1s down—on the average, le 3d down. AVERAGES PER IMPERIAL QUARTER. Wheat £3 17 4 0-12th. Do. new -12th. Barley Oats 1 14 7 10-12ths. Beans -12ths. BOSTON-AUG. 20. Owing to the unsettled state of the weather, the wheat trade ruled very irregular—selected samples of old realise ing an advance of 2s per qr., and two lots of new fetched 78s ; both buyers and sellers, however, operated with can• tion. Oats is, and beans la to 2s dearer. Prices :—Wheat, red, 68s Od to 75s Od; white, 74s Od tM 76s Od; extra, 77a Od. ; new, 78s. Barley, —a Od to —s Od. Oats 25s to 325.. New, to —a Od Beans, 45s Od to 49s Od per qr. NEWARK—Aua. 27. A moderate supply of old wheat, which Was 3s to 4 dearer than last week. Of spring corn little shown, and realised a plight advance. Wheat, white 80s to 82s, red 76s to 725; barley, malting —s to —s, grinding 38s to 40s; oats, 24st. 34s to 365, 22st, —s to -s ; beans, 48s to 50s ; malt, 72s to 741 ; peas, 44s to 48s ; tares, 60s to 66s per qr. LOCAL SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, AUGUST, 28. STOCK EXOtIANGE.—The market has been doing quiet business to-day, and prices without any markeiN' variation. Eastern Counties, 94—Caledonians, 271 — London and North Westerns, 105/—Midlands, . 814-4 Lancashire and Yorkshire, 98I—South Eastern, 224 f —Great Western of Canada, new, p. 2f. MANCHESTER, AUGUST 28. STOOK EXCHANGE.—The market to-day has been doing a flat business, and prices drooping to the close. North British, 94—Manchester, Sheffield, and Lino°lns, 344 — Midland Railway Consols, 82 ex d.— Sheffields, 34 per cents., 67i—South Eastern and Dover', 22i—Leeds, 981 Great Western, 61 ex d.—London and North Western, 105 ex d.—Groat Northern A, 10i—Great Western of Canada, `lsj—Ditto, new, 2g prem. BIRMINGHAM, AUGUST 28. STOOK EXCIIANGE.—This market has been doing a very flat business to-day, and the prices were a fraction lower. London and North Westerns, 1074 —Shropshire Unions, 31—Manchester and Sheffield, 31—Dudley and West Bromwich Bank, 9i ex div. BRABORNB MAILS. signillea that the mails are sent from the General Post.oftl , yy the night—and M by the morning--despatch.) . ' Day when made t p From whit W. ' uotaiTHltY. in General Post- Port due be Office, London.* Dispatche... Enslaau. - - - ---- —t. America(byßrit.pack)N elvery Friday .... Liverpoot ...'Weekly imericr. (by United Ste , I packet) .........NEveryThesday' Weekly 4nierica (by U. Stator packet) ..........N. . .. —...... Liverpool I tnetralla (via Liver pool) ............ at 4th and 19th Liverpool .. Twice Me; Ditto (via Marseilles) N Ditto (via Cape of Good Hope) •• •• •• •• •• ••E •• • Uneerben tfrica ({Pest Coast) ..N 134 of the month .. Plymouth •• 6th of mo. Alexandria ..........N 10th & 26t1e of r 0. Dover ......'7d t 19th ilexandria..........m 41.1, It 20th of mot.. Southampio. 4 it 21 ot nt Bahamas ...........31 17th of the month Southampton Nth Belgium ~..........N Dai1y............ Dover .. ,„ , , D, t , y Brasil .............. 51 9th th of?Jr month,.month.. s S o o u u t t h ha m m np p t t o o n n 1 1 6 s t th k . Buenos Ayres ........M 9 Cape of Good Hope ..N Uncertain Cape of Good Hope ..N Case do Verde .......N 9th ~t' the month Southarnptor. 1 16th of in Ceylon (see India) 10th and 26th IM& 99th Ceylon ..............N 4 th and 20th Channel Isles ........N ato),., tv ea.,ec rd , Southampton Tu.Th.rtat Chi1i..............3,1 24 & 17th of month Southamptot ;1 and 16 China .... , Constantinople ....../. 10th and 26th.... Dover —..— 2 and 19 'CenstantifloPle Cont. of Europe M & N Twice daily ...... Dover ......'Twice di., Egypt (see India) Franco ........ M it N Twice dai1y...... Dover ....... Twica dall y Gibraltar ..........M '4,7, 17, 20, 27 ilia,. Southampton 6,7, 24,20 Greece (see India) Greytoivn ..........M 2n4 & 17th of mon.,Southampten I and 16 Hamburgh ...... ..N , Dailr .. ... 'London ..."...IDaPy Havannah ..........},l 2nd of the mouth Southampto.• let of m 0 Holland .., •• •• •• —lll Daily.... Dover —,, „, .Daily Honduras ........mll7to of the month. Southamptmail6th India (viaSouthampt.)sll , lth 3o 20th of men. Plymouth •• i 4 and 21 nl India (via Marseilles)M 10 th&26th.of moth Dover ..... lb &29 m /onion Isles (see India). •• • •• • • . ..... D0ver...... ' Iraland • ....., ..M & NlTwice daily ...... Holyhead ~. Lisbon .............. Id , 2d of it o . . Southampton Madeira .......... „Id titti of montP..... Southampton 6 and 16 Madeira ............N 230 of month .... Liverpool ... Malta (see India) ti Mtn --....— ......Nl4, 10, 20, and 26.. Dom ......,.. 4. 15, 21 , 2 Mauritius (see India) 1 1 Mauritius ..........N 20th of the month , 4th and '. 1 Mexico ..1.112114 of the month— Southamptt n'lst Naples.... ........N ;Daily-- •..... Dover ..... I New Granada ...... 51124 & .17thof month Southampto;, Ist and 15 New Zea1and..,....... ; Twice a month .. Various port' Papal States .........N 'Daily .. Peninsula ..........M1 Southampton Peru .............. M (id & 27th of mon. Southampton Ist & 16th Port Natal ........ —.Willy ptivate ship... Various ports Sicily ..............N l Every Saturday.. , Dever ......WeeklY Tuscany .. we •• •• 90 •• N Daily.... „„ „ .„ .„ Dover •• • Venezuela ..........11 idle 7th ofmonth Southam ; Oil a I I 16 moll p Venezuel ..........M Yd it 7th ofmenth Van Di omen's ro , nd ( ace Australia) •• 4,1 lAD ••• • • ,4th of mon• • • •• West Indies 1 and 16 18outhampten When any of these dates fall on a Sunday, the mails t^llf be de snatched on the following day, with tho exception of the India cots eouthamptonband the Malta, both of which will be despatched tlift preceding day. [ADVERTISEMENT.] SIOIIT ANJ HEARING SPBETACLBE, POWERFUL TELESCOPES, OPERA, /ties, AND PsasriscrlYil GLAssES.—Messrs. S, and B. Solomons, opticians, 39, Alho' marle-street, Piccadilly. Observe—opposite the York Hotel. By her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent for valuable and extraordinary improvements in the most powerful and brilliant Telescopes, Camp, Racecourse, Opera, and Per' spoctive Glasses, to know the distances. These telescopes possess such extraordinary powers that some three and a-ba!f inches, with an extra eye-piece, will show distinctly Jupiter 0 moons, Saturn's ring, and the double stars. With the same telescope can be seen a person's countenance three miles and a half distant, and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They are of larger and a , . sizes, with increasing powers accordingly.—The Royal Exhibition, 1851. Valuable, newly-invented, very smalls powerful waistcoat-pocket glass, the size of a walnut, by which a person can be seen and known 12 miles distant; they answer every purpose on the race-course, • and at the opera houses, country scenery, and ships aro clearly seen at 8 to 10 miles. They are invaluable for shooting, deer-stalking, yachting, to sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, and tourists Opera, race-course, camp, and perspective glasses, with wonderful power. Newly-constructed Spectacle Lenses of the great' est transparent power. The valuable advantage derived from this invention is, that vision becoming impaired 10 preserved and strengthened, and very aged persons are enabled to employ their sight at the most minute °col pation can see with these lenses of a much less magnify, ing power—and they do not require the frequent change' to the dangerous effects of further powerful assistance. Persons can be suited at the most remote part of the world, by sending one of the glasses out of their spectacles in letter, and stating the distance from the eyes they can read small newspaper print with it; and those who have not made use of spectacles by stating their age.—Deaf . ness. New Discovery. The Organic Vibrator, an ex traordinary powerful, small, newly-invented instrument for deafness, entirely different from all others, to surpass any' thing of the kind that has beer, cr probably ever can be, produced. Being of the same colour as the skin, is not per ceptible ; it enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at church and at public assemblies ; the unpleasant sensation of singing noises iu the ears is entirely removed ; and it affords all 00 assistance that possibly could be desired.-39, Albemarle. street, Piccadilly. Observe—opposite the York llstel. BIRTHS. OF A SON. On the 28th inst., at 16, Glocester-gardens, Hyde-parki the lady of Thomas Palfrey Broadmead, Esq. On the 28th inst., at Lee-park, Blackheath, the wife of Henry Young Hulbert, Esq. OF A DAUGHTER. On the 28th inst., at Tulse-hill, Surrey, the wife of Jas. Boyd, Esq. On the 28th inst., at Wellington-road, Stoke Newington, Mrs. H. C. Wynn. MARRIED. On the 2Gth inst., at St. George's, Hanover-square , Samuel George Johnson, of Faversham, Kent, solicitor, to Harriett Elizabeth, the only daughter of George Gouge, Esq., of Wilton-place, Maidstone, and late of Collingwood , Melbourne. On the 28th inst., at St. Saviour's Church, Chelsea , Francis James, of the Middle Temple, and Norfolk-square , Hyde-park, to Anne, only daughter of Wm. Green, Esq., of Termonbacca, Londonderry, and niece of Win. Tite, Esq., M.P., of Lowndes-square. DIED. On the 26th inst., at Green-street, Grosvenor-square , Louisa Mary, eldest daughter of the late Hon. Colonel G. Napier. On tbo 2F,th inst., at Denbies, Doikiug, Anne, eldest daughter of the lite Thomas Cubitt, Esq. On the 27th inst., at West Bromwich, Staffordshire , Mr. Richard Wilkinson, aged r 4. On the 26th inst., at Bournemouth, near Poole, major F. Lloyd, 39th Bengal N. 1., aged 47. On the 25th inst., at Hastings, Samuel Pierce, Esq. , late of Chester, aged 72. On the 25th inst., atNorthfleet, Kent, Edward, youngest son of Thomas Hawkins, Esq., LL.D., aged 21. On the 2;3d inst., at Cheltenham, L. J. Venables, Esq. , aged 85. George Cooper, Esq., of BOn the 23 d inst.,nrg near Brighton, aged 66. LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG' of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the count,' of Middlesex, Friday, August 29, 1856.