The Sun. — London, England, 1861-09-27 00:00:00

X _ ,_ 7 -~~~ .-~~ ~ , B ANK .01' DEPOSIT (Established A.D. 141.) No. 3, PALL MALL EAST, LONDON. Prospectuses and Forms for Oryminc , Acemnts sent free cn application. PETER MORRISON, ➢ianaging Director. aBEAT WESTERN RAILWAY. N.J! -CHEAP EXCURSIONS to the NORTIL-EXCUR SION TRAINS, at LOW FARES, will leave Paddington at 9.45 a.m., and Reading at 10.50 a.m., to SATURDAY , Sept. 28, returning ou Wednesday, Cot. 10, for OXFORD (Fares (6s. 68. and 4 - 4.), Banbury (Ps. and 55.), Leamington and War wick (los. 6d. and 68.), Stratford-on-Avon and Birmingham 12s. and 75.), West Bromwich, Wednesbury, and Bilston 12s. fid. and 7s. ed.), Wolverhampton (13s. and Bs.), Welling ton and Shrewsbury (17e. anl 10s.), Oswestry, Llangollen road, Wrexham, and Chester (185. 6d. and 115.), Birkenhead, Liverpool, Warrington, and Manchester (215. and 12s. 6d.) EXCURSION TRAINS. ALLOWING A LONGER PERIOD, will also leave Paddington at 9.45 a.m., and Reading at 10.50 a.m., on SATURDAY, Sept. 28, returning on the 12th or 16th of October ; and on Wednesday, Oct. 2, return ing on the 12th or 16th Oct., for Oxford (11s. and ss. 6d.), Ban bury 145. and Os. 6d.), Leamington and Warwick(lBs. and Bs.), Stratford-on-Avon and Birmingham (20s. and 9s. 6d.), West Bromwich, Wednesbury, and Bilston (21s. 6d. and 10s.) Wolverhampton (22 5 . and 10 5. 68 .) , Welling - ton and Shrews bury (275. 6d. and 135.), Oswestry, Wrexham, Llangollen-road, and Chester (335. and 155.), Birkenhead, Liverpool, Warring ton, and Manchester ',375. and 175.) ROYAL INSURANCE COMPANY HEAD °meEs — Lombard-street, London ; and Royal Insurance Buildings, Liverpool. Branch Offices—:Manchester, Birmingham, Bristol, Leeds, Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Dublin. EXTRACTS FROM THE REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1860. The success of the Company, e 'en in ite earliest years, received the marked atten ion, and elicited the surprised comments, of writers best acquainted with the history of In surance Companies. " Fire Premiums for 1860 EQUAL the Total Fire Premiums for the SEVEN YEARS 1845 to 1851. "Life Premiums for 1860 EXCvED the Entire Life Pre miums for the EIGHT Y FARS ending 1852. "Purcha-e of Annuities In 1560 LARGELY EXCEEDS the similar receipt= for the first TEN YEARS, 1845 to 1854. "Thi progress, it is believed, is unsurpassed, considerinz hat it applies to each of the three branches of the business." FIRE BRANCH. "The Fire Branch has certain y shown no-exhaustion dur ing the year 1860 of that impetus which had previously brought it to a position of the first magnitude among the Insurance Companies of the United Kingdom. The Fire Premiums in 1859 had advanced to the sum of £2 0 8,314 7s. 3d. 1860 the amount of Fire Premiums has arrived at a sum of £2 1 2,977 19s. Ild., showing an increase of £34,663 12s. Bd., ex ceeding the large advance of- the preceding year, so that in two years the Fire Revenue of the Company has been en h need by the enormous sum of £66,829 17s. sd. "The Parliamentary Report of Returns of Duty paid to Government for the year 1860 exhibits the augmentation of the business in a more prominent way, as it affords the means of comparison with other Companies. The Proprietors will be gratified to learn that the Increase of Duty paid by the Royal in the last year is more than double that of any other Company, either London or Provincial, whilst only one of those Companies even approaches to 50 per cent. of the ad vance of thfa Comp , ny. Our Inoroaso nn.thally ,grnalgi 20 per cent, of the entire Increase of the whole of he Metropolitan Offices combined, whilst of the Provincial Offices it forms up wards of 30 per cent. of the total advance of the other 23 offices established out of London, LIFE BRANCH. "The Reports of the Company for several years have had invariably to announce a constant periodical expansion of its Life Business, the New Policies of each succeeding year show ing an advance over the one that had immediately preceded it. A similar result is shown in the year 1860, the Premiums on New Policies, after deducting Guarantees, be ng £15,097 17s, led., which is an increase on that item of £1,993 17a. sd. above the amount received for the year 1859. "But even this advance is small when compared with the sudden and remarkable momentum which has been given to this Branch of the Business in the present year (1861). "It was not until the commencement of the year that the Public seemed to have become fully acquainted with the fact th t the Royal Insurance Comnany had published late in the last year an account of the investigation into the Assets and Liabilities of its Life Department, under a novel form, and in as plain and intelligible a manner as the abstruseness of the subject admitted, together with the entire statements and valuations necessary for that purpose. " It is conjectured from the extensive Notices of this Pam phlet and its accompanying Diagrams, which have appeared in the Periodicals of the day, that it has largely attracted the attention of vast numbers of Persons in all parts of the United Kingdom, as well as in other parts of the World. Indeed a most satisfactory and conclusive evidence that such is the case is afforded by the fact that the sum Assured on New Policies in the six months to the 3d June of the present year is ac tually 50 per cent. in excess of the sum assured in the corres ponding months of the year 1860, although the latter amount in itself exceeded the sum assured in any like previous period Of time " If this success be continued, the Royal Insurance Com pany would, with respect to the amount of its new business, be at once placed (at least with one or two exceptions) at the head of all the Insurance Companies doinv, business in this Country, and the anticipations of the last Report, to the effect that the details of the Lire Business then to be pub lished would form an epoch of the Establishment, will have a speedy and very happy realisation." SPECIAL ADVANTAGES OF THE LIFE BRANCH. PROFITS.—Large proportion Returned every Five Years to Policies then in existence Two ENTIRE YEARS. Expenses chiefly borne by the Fire Branch, in order to Increase the Bonus to be Returned. LIFE BONUSES DECLARED, Two per Cent. per Annum on the Sum Assured : THE GREATEST BONUS EVER CONTINUOUSLY DECLARED BY ANY COMPANY. SECURITY FOR BOTH FIRE AND LIFE BRANCHES CAPITAL, TWO MILLIONS Sterling. Accumulated Funds in hand exceed £Bl O .OOO. PERCY M. DOVE, Manager and Actuary. JOHN B. JOHNSTON, Secretary. COOL AND REFRESHING TOILETTE RHQUlSlTR.—Oldridge's Ba m of Columbia is the most certain remedy for restoring and strengthening 'lie hair. By it whiskers and m aistaches are produced and beautified. Ladies will find it especia ly valuable, as the roost delicate head-dress or bonnet can be worn without fear of soiling. Price is. 6d., 65., and lie. C. and A. OLDRIDGE, 22, Wellington-street. Strand. By post is., THE MEDICAL CONFIDANT on Midwifery. Preznancy, the Disappointments in Marriage, and other ailments peculiar to Ladies. Female Obstruction fills, ss. a box, post free. Address, Dr. Scott, 17, Adam street, S rand, London (since 1836). Consultation, 10 till 5. TRTYLv - v - vp-ro A r i my, Dr. SCOTT'S BILIOUS' - '..Y.— r ared withourany mercurial ingredient, from the recipe of Dr. Scott, will be found invaluable to all who suffer from bilious and iver complaints, indigestion, wind, spasms, giddiness, dizziness of the eyes, &c. For habitual costiveness, as a fa mily aperient medicine, and as a purifier of the blood, they are truly excenent ; mild in their operation and grateful to the stoma" they create appe ite, promote digestion, and strengthen the whole nervous system. Sold by W. Lambert, 20. Jo.nvn-strec.t, and by most druggists, in boxes, 1 , 4. I}d., and wee times the quantity in one, 2s. lid. Be sure I o ask for Dr Scott's Bilious and Liver Pills. The genuine are a P4uare green package, with " William Lambert," engraved on the stamp. TOZEAU'S COPAHINE. or SACCHARATED CAPSULES.—Copaiba and Cubeba are doubtless the best remedies, but these drugs are of a repulsive taste and odour, and occasion colicky pains, nausea, and gastric dis turbance. M. Jozeau has succeeded in rendering these valu able therapeutic agents rerfectly innocuous by increasing in his Copahine all t'e curative properties. This preparation has been adopted by the Paris Academy of Medicine, after more than a thousand trials in Paris and the different Lon don hospitals. viz., St. Thomas's, Guy's, and St. Bartholo mew's under the care of Messrs. Lloyd, Poland, and Lerros Clark.-" Lancet," Nov. 6 and Dec. 10, 1857. The Copahine. which is in form of a pretty pink sugar plum, effects a cure in about six days, either in recent or chronic diseases. 100 capsules, 4s. 6d. ; post free, ss. 2d. Post-office order required; at J. JOZEAU'S, French Chemist, 42, Haymarket, London 22, Rue St. Quentin, Paris ; and all the most important Chemists. GIVEN AWAY TO NERVOUS SUFFERERS. ENRY SMITH. M.D., of the University of Jena, has just published, for the benefit of Nervous sufferers, a FREE EDITION of his valuable work, THE WARNING VOICE TO YOUNG MEN (120 pages). A medical work on the cure of Nervous Debility, Loss of Memory, Dimness of Sight, Lassitude, Indigestion, Dislike lo Society, Spermatorrhcea, Local Weakness, Muscular Re fixation, Languor, Listlessness, Depression, &c., which, If neglected, result in consumption, insanity, and premature death ; with plain directions for perfect restoration to health and vigour. The book will be sent, post free, secure from ob Fervation, to any address, on receipt of a directed envelope nd two stamps. Address, HENRY SMITH, M.D., 8, Burton crescent, Tavistock-square, London, W.C. 13R. BRIGHT'S APHRODISION. THE PFIOSPIIORTSED NEWVINE TONIC. The NEW CHEMICAL COMBINATION of PHOSPHA TIC SALTS, Quinine, Iron, &c., adapted for both sexes, containing all the Essential Constituents of the Blood, Brain, and Nerve Substance.—(4reat philosophical and chemicil research has led to the discovery of this in valuable remedy in its present perfect state, agreeable to the palate, and innocent in its action-still pre seri.ing its wonderful properties, affording immediate relief, and ermanently curing all who suffer from WASTING and WITHERING Of the NERVOUS and MUSCULAR TISSUES, SPER MATORRIICEA, DISEASES of the KIDNEY, BLADDER, and all URINARY DEPOSITS, which cause Inc ipacity and deo•eneracy, total and partial prostration, and every other exhaustive de rant-reme t of the system. Reveneratincr and invigorating all the important elements of the human frame (when emasculated by youthful indiseretirans), and enabling man t once to ful 1 his most sacred obligat,ons. Prices —lls. per battle, or fourlls. bottles in one, 33.. ; and in cases containing three 335. bottles, £5, saving £1 12s.— Parcels securely packed ; free from "bservation, sent to any part of the world, on receipt of Post-office Order. Prepgred and sold only at the laboratory, 44A, Iraddox street, Regent-street, W. (opposite the side of St. George's Church), London, by RALPH BRIGHT, ',lr.D , Member of the Ros al College of Surgeons, England ; Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, Arc., ; author of "NERVOUS EXHAUSTION," its cause and cure, with an Ess iy on Seminology. showing the marvellous restorative powers of the newly-discovered and wonderful remedy known 'universally as the Aphrodision. " As phosphorus in a state of nature illumines the darkness, so the exhausted frame revive when impregnated with its electric4l properties." Price 2s. 6d., by post, •T's. 10d. ; abridged coition. Is., by post 11 stamps, from the residence of the author (44A.. Maddox -street, where he may be daily con sulted, from 11 to 4, for the cure of the above diseases , to w hich he has, for a lengthened period, devoted his exclusive attention. 1)R. cIuRTIS' MED ICAL WORK, MANHOOD: A NrEPIC AL ESSAx ON SPERMATO RRFICE A., NERVOUS AND GENERATIVE DEBILITY, &c. just Published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates, jo a sealed envelope, prim 13., Sold by all TloAksellers, and .. er t post paid, by the Author, for 1 2 stamps, 4 A NITOOD: the CAUSE and CURE of PRE mArrljillil DLI , TT - NE IN IIAN, with Plain Directions ,? 'ert'eat PeAtoratiori to Health and Vigour. By Dr. J. L. CU vris, 15, Albermarle-street, Piccadilly, London. CONTENTS: lI`TTRODUCTORY CHAPTER on the ph ysiological m . fltructure and nine - tic ns of the Reproductiermatorrhve Org am , IL—Ca a ses of Speca and I potence : .Early Vicious Indulgonees; Dangers of Neglect. CHAPTER ' Rev iew of the various Disqualification of Mmiage ; whether rysnitillff from Youthful Ab use, th e Follies of Maturity, the sheets of Climate, or Infection. CHAPTERS IV. and V. on the modern Treatment of Gonorrhcca and Syphilis. The ilook concludes with numerous varied and interesting sea, to which Is added the Author's recipe of a preventive Lotion. REVIEWS OF TTIE WORN. "Curtis on Manhood.--This is a truly valuable work, and should be in the hands of young a nd old."-- Sunday Times," id March, 1556. "The author has conferred a zreat boon by publishing* this rifle work, in which is described the source of those diseases which produce decline in youth or more freq u ently prematu old age."—"Daily Telegraph," March 27, li3g. " This work, which for twenty years has stood the test of p r ofessional criticism and empiri hostility, treats in aplain an d sympathising manner on the various disqua lifications and impedigients arising from nervous excitement and de• bility ; and to invalids suffering* from you thf u l errors an d e xcesses it wil' be found valuable and useful."—Recor d. :London Published by J. Allen, 20, Warwick Lane, Pater- noster-row; Mann, 39, Cornbill. KM'S of Consultation-10 to 3 and 6to 8; Sundays, 10 tin 2. N°. 21,604. PUBLICATIO.NS. Now ready, price 55., bound and illustrated, THE LIFE OF JEANNE D'ALBRET, QUEEN OF NAVARRE. By Miss FREER. Form ing the New Volume of BURS and BLACKETT'S STANDARD LIBRARY of CHEAP EDITIONS of POPU LAR MODERN WORKS. Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street. CHARLES READE'S NEW NOVEL. " THE CLOISTER AND THE HEARTH." 1 - A matter of fact Romance, By the Author of " It's Never Too Late to Mend." Is in the press, and will appear the first week in October. 4 vole., price £1 lls. 6d. BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE for OCTOBER, 1861. No. DLII. Price 2s. 6d. CONTENTS. Democracy Teaching by Example. Meditations on Dyspepsia.—No. 11. The Cure. Chronicles of Carlin rtord: The Doctor's Family. The Book-Hunter's Club. octal Science.. What seems to be Happening just now with the Pope. Among the Lochs. Captain Clutterbuck's Champagne —A West Indian Reminiscence. William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London. Price Sixpence, or post free for Seven Stamps, INDIAN RAILWAY and INDUS FLOTILLA GUARANTEES EXAMINED, and FOUND TO BE DELUSIVE. With Extracts from the Official Contracts, as published by order of Parliament. By JAHES MILLS. London : Mann Nephews, 39, Cornhill. FROM OCT. 5 THE ATHENiEUM will be THREEPENCE. THE WEATHER for the next Three Months will be foretold in No. IV. of the "RECORD " of the Astro- Meteorological Society. Published by G. Berger, and all booksellers, price 3d. The back numbers still on sale. The fine harvest weather was correctly foretold in No. 111. THE PRESENT DISTRESS IN TRADE fully explained in J. GROSSMITH'S " GOVERNMENT UPON FIRST PRINCIPLES." The cause is there The of the monetary difficulties ex perienced in 1860. The Crisis is at hand. Anxiety in bus ness has now become the grim torture. Purity of motive. Intelligently exercised, must animate all Governments, or all is lost, All denominations of Constitutions are carefully examined in J. Grossmith's "Government upon First Prin ciples." Kent and Co., Paternoster-row. Just published, Bvo, in cloth, price 58., by post free, ss. 6d., ON THE SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT of STRICTURES of the URETHRA ; showing why they so often appear Incurable, when in reality they might be removed by the most simple means. By F. B. COURTENAY, ' - - And formerly Surgeon to the Metropolitan Infirmary for the Cure - of Strictures of the Vrethra. " This work is the production of a surgeon whose special attention has been directed, through a long professional life, to the treatment of strictures of the urethra. The cases which Mr. Courtenay has given supply ample evidence of his great discriminative power in the diagnosis of the various kinds of stricture, and of the scientific principles upon which their management is founded: By his systematic management an immense mitigation of pain to the unhappy sufferers is attained, and future mischief prevented. The work we Can most unreservedly and confidently recommend as a valuab_ contribution, both to the general and professional reader, and ought to be found in the private study of all who are subject to stricture."—Medical Circular. London: H. Bailliere. 219, Regent-street. Just published, 132 pages, illustrated with cases, in a neat 12m0., price is., or post free for 18 stamps, The Third Edition of NIONLY VIGOUR; the Art of Preserving, Improving, and Recovering It. With Practical Remarks on Spermatorrhcea, Seminal Weakness, and Nervous Debility, Impotence. Barrenness, Sterility, and all other Disorders of the Generative Organisa tion in Males and Females. Likewise a chapter on Venereal Diseases, interspersed with clear instructions for self management and prescriptions for cure, and for ensuring the blessings of wedded happiness, and restoratim to the privi leges of health and vigour. From this work it will be seen that none need despair, but all may look forward Confidently to permane It recovery. By Dr. A. F. HENERY. London: Published by the Author, Medical Institution, 53, Dorset-street, Manchester square, W. ARGYLL ROOMS, Windmill-street, Hay market, IS NOW OPEN for the Season EVERY EVENING, under the direction of Monsieur BouLCoUrty principal Cornet-a-piston and Conductor. The music will be selected from Verdi, lteyerbeer, Rossini, Flotow, Balfe, and other eminent Composers. During the recess these well known Rooms have been entirely RE-DECORATED and I qPROVED by Messrs. H. T. SMITH and assistants. The new Chandeliers by M. Benjamin. Admission, One Shilling. All the new Music to be had at the Office, No. 7, Great Windmill-street. ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's-inn-road. Patron—Her Majesty the QUEEN. President—His Grace the Duke of Buccleuch, Treasurer—Edward Masterman, Esq. _ _ _ This Hospital relieves distress in its most helpless shape, that of disease aggravated by destitution. With more ade quate funds the Weekly Boarri could make immediately avail able 500 beds for the relief of the large mass of suffering in this metropolis. Its present resources, supplied entirely by the Voluntary Contributions of the Public. enable it to afford, in addition to its En-patients, effective Medical Assistance to an average exceeding 2.000 Out-patients weekly. Contributions are received by the Treasurer, Edward Mas terman-Efao AL., •.‘• Prescott, Grote, and Co. ; Smith, Payne, and Co. ; Glyn and Co. ; Jones Loyd and Co. ; Barclay and Co. ; Denison and Co. ; Williams, Deacon, and Co. • Overend, Gurney, and Co.; Nisbet and Co., Berners-street ; 'Masterman and Co. ; and at the Hospital. J. B. OWEN, 31. A„ Chairman of the Weekly Board. 8, GROSVENO R-STREET. GROSVENO R -SQUARE.- ALL CONSULTATIONS FREE. ARTIFICIAL TEETH on a NEW and -I-IM PROVED PRINCIPLE, at TEN SHILLINGS EACH TOOTH (including all charges.) Mr. ESKELL'S PATE TED INVENTION (protected by her Majesty's Royal Seal, July, 1860), for adapting Arti ficial Teeth, from one to a complete set, by Self-Adhesion, are fixed without springs or fastening, without pain or ex traction, restoro perfect articulation and mastication, ren dering detection impossible, and last a lifAme. " Unrivalled for its utilityand economy."—Morning Post. "An admirable contrivance for remedying the defects of nature, without requiring new sets of teeth."—Sun. Decayed Teeth Stopped, Loose Teeth Fastened, Discoloured Teeth BPst ored, &c. Constant Daily Attance at 8, Grosvenor street, Grosvernor-square, London ; Old Stein°, Brighton; Bennett's-hill, Birmingham THE VIGOUR OF YOUTH RESTORED IN FOUR WEEKS by Dr. RICORD'S ESSENCE OF LIFE. This wonderful agent will restore manhood to the most shattered consti•ution, whether arising from self-pollution, excesses, nocturnal emissions, the effects of climate, or natu ral causes The time required to cure the most inveterate case is tour weeks ; and, if used according to the printed in structions (which are very simple). failure is impossible. This life-restoring remedy should be taken by all about to marry, as its effects are permanent. It is acknowledged by the medical press to be the greatest discovery ever made. Success in every case is as certain as that water quenches thirst. ' Dr. Rilord's Essence of Life is sold in cases, with full in structions for use, at its., or four quantities in one for 315., and may be sent to any part of the world, carefully packed, on receipt of remittance stamps. _ . . . Sole Agents in London—Prout and Co., Patent Medi ine Warehouse, 229, Strand (near Temple-bar). (Entered at Stationers' Hall.) DR. LA'NIERT on NERVOUS and PHYSICAL EBTLITY, resulting from pernicious habits con tracted in Youth, excesses in Manhood, or residence in Tropi cal Climates. With Cases and Engravings from Life. Licentiate of the Roya College of Physicians, Edinburgh; Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, England, &e. The 81st Edition. CONTENTS. Section I.—The Physiology of the Generative Organs. Section H.—Puberty—Manhood—The Morale of Generative Physiology-True and False Morality. Section lll.—Marriage in its Social and Physical Relations — Happy and Unhappy Unions How to secure Healthy Off spring Section IV.—Youthful Abuse—The Secret Cause of Nervous Debility, Impotence in Man, and Sterility in Man and Woman. Section V.—Spermatorrheea, or Chronic Impotence: its His tory, Causes, and floral Consequences—The Sterility of Age. The objeet of this treatise is to furnish the reader with In rormation of the most useful kind, and which every man should be acquainted with, on the physiology of the repro ductive organs, and on the nature and peculiarities of those physical functions , n which the satisfactory fulfilment of the Obligations of Marriaze depends. The work is not filled with mysterious and intricate theories, but is intended to elucidate the effects of imprudence, to remove unfounded i arm, and, where there is real cause for apprehension, to in dicate the course by which complete recovery can be effected, and the preservation of functional, physical, and nervous health secured. Price l s., post free for 13, or in a sealed envelope, 20 stamps, by Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or the Author, who may be consulted daily till 2, and from 6 to 8, at his residence, 37, Bedford-square. GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET, W., NEAR THE PANTHEON. CULVERWELL, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Licentiate of Midwifery, and Apo thecaries' Hal], London, can be consulted daily (only) as above, on all cases of Nervous Debility, Languor, Incapacity, LO3B of Memory, Sterility, and all Functional Derangements 4 both Sexes, emanating from early and excessive :indul , ewes" Has Just published, pri sealeoe ls. ,; by post, 1$ stamps, If d No. 4, An entire new OURSELVES . and original Work, entitled SynopMs: The Physiology and Anatomy of our Generation —The Origin of Disease—Symptoms, Treatment, and Cure. so, au Exposition of. and Remedy for, all Urinary Derange nvrts and Marital Disqualifications, MALE. The modern treatment of Syphilis, Stricture. Blennorrhagia onorrhcea), Spermatorrhcea, Impotency , and all Diseases of ,e Urinary Organs, with Prescriptions, 8;0.3 FEMALE. the Physiology and Anatomy of Women—Functional Ir re2lllarities in Health and Sickness—Choice in Marriage— T'leir Expectancies and Disappointments—The Cause and it , moval of Sterility—The Theory and Symptoms of Gesta tion—Use of the Speculum. Also, No. 1. HEALTH, HAPPINESS, and LONGEVITY; On Debility, Nervousne9s, Dyspepsia, and Indigestion, No. 2. , LOVE AND MARRIAGE : ' .he i r Obligations, Happiness, and Disappointments; Lo ve . o ther l'iratzhes Sterility Removed, and Healthy Off- Ming' secured.' No. I. THE CASE BOOR-: 10C Cases of SPERMATORRIEICEA, e try t_Attterisa ti Their Cau 4vs, 00 Cases GalvauMn , and T a re &c. &c. &O.tment, Confessions and rn be had of Mhon, 30, Cornhill ; and the Authors. A Ivio , to- the working Classes fee Half-a-Gulnea. ( NO.) Dr. Culvor we ll is the onI SPECIAL y legally TlCE qualified medical practi tioner living of that name, and can be consulted (only as above.) fi(r .:- -11111-1'111°"1 .4; PRICE 4d. STAMPED sd. year, instead of lying in the river, as they now have to do, thus freeing the anchorage ground of the many ships that now occupy it, waiting to get into the Liverpool Docks, where the depth of entrances is much less than at Birkenhead. There can be no doubt that the Warr:or and ships of her class can easily enter or leave the Mersey every day in the year ; and they would have wpter to enter the Birkenhead loocks 185 days each year, even when loaded to 26ft., their calculated load draught. As in case of war there must be a considerable fleet stationed in the Irish Channel, and as there is also a pressing necessity for having the means of accommodating the new class of ships, Government might advantageously communicate with the Mer sey Docks and Harbour Board, and make such ar rangements for the alteration of the works now com pleting at Birkenhead, or the construction of new works there, as would save a vast outlay of money in other places, and enable a large portion of the new iron-clad fleet to be accommodated at moderate cost with floating basins and graving docks as soon as they are likely to require them. THE C4NPAIGN AGAINS7 MONTE- NEGRO. A letter from Mostar, dated Sept. 9, says:— entered the suburbs of Mostar at 8 p.m. on the sth of September, and, having taken charge of de spatches from Ragusa for his Highness the Gene ralissimo, proceeded at once to the house which he at present occupies. Saving an occasional group of Turks, seated in the very centre pf th e s t reet, the city appeared p er f ec tly d e serted, and, a s mg jad e d ponies scrambled over the half-paved lanes, I began to speculate on the probabilities of passing the night al fresco. As may be supposed, then, I felt con siderably relieved when I found myself, chibouque in hand, awaiting the Pasha, who had expressed his intention of seeing me immediately. Nor was it long before I was deep in conversation with the man who, whatever may be his faults, is undoubt edly the mainstay of the tottering Ottoman Empire. Dignified in bearing, and affable in conversation, Omar Pasha possesses a cLarm of manner which wins all who are thrown much in his society, and perhaps that which renders him more popular than all else with the Christian subjects of the Sultan is that he never forgets his European extrac tion. With the more fanatical Mussulmans, it is true, he is not in such good odour, as they urge that he does not scruple to show his contempt for the religion of the Prophet. But, be this as it may, he is the best friend that the Morlem soldier possesses, and ever speaks in the highest terms of his courage, obedience, and cheerfulness under privations. No one can have a greater horror than myself of that. mania which possesses some travellers for detailing conversations with Eastern dignitaries, which for the most part consist of ordinary civilities imper fectly translated by a half-educated dragoman. In the present case, however, I deem no apology neces- _ ... sary for dwelling upon this a n d su b sequen t . concur. sations, for anything from the lips of such a man at so critical a moment must at least be of interest, even if it be without political importance. Having discussed the relative positions of the European Powers with Turkey, and spoken most unreservedly on the subject of French and Russian intrigue, he expressed great interest in the opinion formed by the public of the different countries on the Hcrze govinian and Montenegrin questions. He also asked repeatedly about Garibaldi; but the principal topic of conversation was the present campaign against the Herzegovinian rebels, and the preparations which he has made for carrying it out. These I have mentioned in another letter, so I will pass on o a general account of the manners and customs of the strange people among whom lam living. The only society which exists is such as is to be obtained in the families of the Consular agents. I say Con sular agents, because some of the Cr i s : , 1 LI o"n - s - u late sent, and their duties , M.Thy — urkovich, an Hungarian of remarkable intelligence and ability. To this gentleman I ani much in dehted for the great assistance he has given u in the purchase of horses and other necessaries for the campaign, to which Omar Pasha has most kindly invited me to accompany himself. The proficiency in, and facility of, acquiring lan• guages which distinguishes those who have lived much in these countries is truly wonderful. For example, I passed an evening at the Rassian Consu late, where among ten people I heard no less than eight different languages spoken ; though, to be sure, there were representatives of nine nationali ties present. I think that a few words on the social condition of this people may be interesting, as so little is known of the province generally. The means of living are remarkably contracted, but, fortunately, the views and desires of the people in this respect are on a corresponding scale. One great means exists for the promotion of enlightened views, and this is the encouragement of commerce. The attainment of this desirable end would be much facilitated could the Austrian Government be induced to open the port of Kick on the Dalmatian coast, This measure would insure the passage of all merchandise for these countries through Herzegovina, and by it would be realised a large yearly income, to say .nothing of the stimulus it would give to the impor tation of goods. But there is no probability of this taking place, since it would prove a deathblow to the trade of Trieste. With respect to the relations existing between the Christian population and the Government, I was surprised to find how little dis content prevails among the former. That they have had just cause for complaint is true, but it has been more against the landed proprietors than the Go vernment. The principal fault of the latter has been that it has not made adequate arrangements to carry out the concessions granted to the Christian population by the Imperial firman of the 18th of February, 1856. Up to the present time they have been the tillers of the soil, and as such very depen dent on their Mahomedan landlords. These have not failed to render their yoke most oppressive, exact ing forced labour, seizing the half of the produce of the land, and inflicting other grievances,which it is to be hoped will now be abolished. The Commission which has been sitting at Mostar, and which will possibly reassemble again, has literally for its object the organisation of means to render valid the firman of 1856, and thus place the Christians in the position which his Majesty the late Sultan assigned to them. The proceedings of the Commission have of course not been made public, but it is generally known that the following are among the points of debate : —That the Courts of Judicature which now sit only at Mostar, and which consist entirely of Mussulmans, shall be dis seminated over the country, and be open to all religions. This, while it renders an impartial administration of the law more probable, will go far to put an end to the system of corruption now BO prevalent. It is also proposed to distribute Crown lands among the Christians, which would at once make them independent of their present masters, and would insure the employment by Mussulmans of none but paid labour. Of this waste land there is an abundance, as all such as is left uncultivated for three years is appropriated by the Crown. Of these reforms Bosnia and Herzegovina are doubt- less most in need, for while Servia has made rapid strides of late in the march of civilization, these two provinces remain as they have been during years of ignorance and oppression—the habitations of a race of swineherds and brigands. Of Bosnia and Servia I hope to convey a more exact idea in future letters from those countries. I must not omit to mention a fact which speaks strongly for the popularity of Omar Pasha's rule, and for the odium which attaches to the rebels. An irregular corps of 1,000 men have volunteered to accompany him to the frontier. These are in equal numbers of the Greek N EWS PAPE R 4 47 3 Oft. 1 4 - z and Roman Catholic religions. The m i 7f . ',...41-"'Qv./ of this will be to hasten the admission of s tHrkiantri s into :he ranks o' the army, as was conic taikited in the Firman, hut which has since been most unjustly evaded. In a word. the prospeet.s of Turkey are less gloomy than they have b:en. The wan t ° t money is severely felt, it is true; but with a ;Stumltaann. odfeteortninait:a tc;osh,su a savi s i t i a g mp his dominions, and carry out hi s wishes, there is no retaoso°i4 n r t a o ni d z e e sp a a nd despair of the ultimate regeneration of the country. The only fear to be entertained is that she will not be allowed to rise again into her place among nations ; for, saving England, she is absolutely without one honest friend. Everything tends to prove that her ultimate destruction is co ntemplated. Can England save her? Time will show, Let us now take a turn in these filthy streets_ Leaving the species of lodging-house, a ro om o f which I occupy, we must clamber up the rough an d broken steps leading to the main street, the whole length of which forms a kind of bazaar. Th e cos tumes are varied enough, and dirty enough, b ut their wearers deserve a look. There is no doubt about it, they are fine specimens of humanity, Amongst the tallest and best dressed are Omar Pasha's Albanian Guard, who lounge and swagger about with great effect.. The street is occupied by a string of ponies laden with forage and salt pro visions for the army. Presently we approach a gateway, against which a Turkish sentinel indo lently leans, if he be not seated on the kerbstone at the corner. A little further, and the peaceful traveller, unconscious of offence, is accosted with angry gesticulations by another sentry. The mean ing of all this is that he is requested to throw away and stamp upon his cigarette, the old tower on the left being used as a magazine. Round it is a weak attempt at forming a kind of Place d'Armes is apparent, Omar Pasha having ordered some of the adjacent houses to be pulled down. This was not bt fore it was necessary, a fire having broken out in its vicinity. On that occasion the inhabitants pulled down a few houses, and left it as extinguished, The wind rose, and it broke out afresh, taking the direc tion of the magazine. frfon this the population took to the country, and the prisoners who were located Close by escaped in the general confusion. Had it not been providentially extinguished, the place of Mostar would have known it no more. The prison was only a plain white house, and does not look as if it could ever have been the sort of place to have long defied the ingenuity of a Jack Sheppard or an accomplished London housebreaker of the present day. Continuing our ramble, we come to another archway. Let us pass through this and turn up an uncomfortable-looking hill to the right. We have not, however, to mount far before we come to a gate, before which are two sentries, rather more alert than their fellows. Officers may be seen passing to and fro. This is the house occupied by Omar Pasha, and a few paces beyond may be seen the flagstaff of the Austrian Consulate. We must now return to the main street, which continues in unbroken mo notony for something under a quarter of a mile, with gateways at intervals. If we have sufficient patience to continue our stroll, we come upon the bttrial ground. On both sides high hills hem us in, while the tiny stream of the Narenta winds away to the northward. There is nothing more to show, that I am aware of, except the bridge over the river, which is a magnificent relic of ancient Rome ; although the Turks affirm that it was built by Solymnn the Magnificent, it is, beyond a doubt, the work of either Traj An or of Hadrian. The General issimo has to-day inspected the Christian Volun teers, and very fine fellows they are, all armed with rifles. These arms of precision are mostly made in Bosnia, where there are two or three establishments for that purpose. A reinforcement of 450 Turkish Irregular Volunteers, being the quota contributed by Mostar, left to-day for the frontier. Of these 300 are infantry, and the remainder cavalry. Their first march is to Bosnia, only two hours' distant. There the English Consul has a very nice country house, which used to belong to the Vizier. I have just received visits from the Austrian and Russian Consuls, the latter of whoni expounded his views on the present question. They were natu rally much in favour of Montenegro, and it was easy to detect that he would willingly see Herze govina throw off the Turkish rule and become amal gimatEd with the former province. his strong point is, of tours, the grievances endured by the Coristians.; let us hops that these are now to h. IRELAND. DUBLIN, THURSDAY. The speech of Lord Ellenborough and the com ments upon it by the journals have had the effect of raisi ng in Ireland the feeling of discontent at being excluded from the Volunteer movement. The so ciety formed in this city last year, with the object of getting this stigma upon the country removed, has shown some signs of resuscitation. Lord Massereene and Ferrara has written a letter to the Secretary, in which he says he cannot but .express the regret and surprise he felt the other day when, on return ing from a lengthened absence abroad, he found the Volunteer movement in Ireland had in no way pro gressed. He had communicated with some mem bers of the Government, even when abroad, " re specting the injustice and folly of refusing to coun tenance the establishment of Volunteers in this part of the kingdom, but with no satisfactory result." His lordship considers that it is a slight that Ire land should no longer bear; "to have to expatriate themselves before they can be trusted to take part in the defence of their hearths and homes." The time is much more favourable for the consideration of the subject now than it was a year or two ago. There is scarcely a whisper of disaffection in any , part of the country. The conduct of Louis Napo leon towards the Pope seems to have extinguished the desire of the anti-Engiish and Ultramontane party for a French invasion, and the hope of aid from America has vanished entirely from the minds even of ignorant Phoenix men. Time has dissipated the illusions of the most ill-conditioned fanatics, who once got themselves drilled among the Kerry mountains for the purpose of breaking the yoke of England. But if the Volunteer movement is to be extended to Ireland, the question must be taken up by parties to whom all classes of the community can look up with confidence. A case of pauper deportation, in which it is al leged the recent Act of Parliament has been grossly Tiolated, is now occupying the attention of the Poor- Law Commissioners. A woman, named Mary Flana gan, with her three children, was sent on a removal warrant from Preston to Dundalk, which, the soli citor of the Dundalk Guardians contends, was ille gally done. The woman was born in the . parish of Newry, whence she was taken by her parents to Preston. 17 years ago, where she remained ever since, employed in a cotton-mill. She was married in 1853 to a fellow-worker, who enlisted in 1858, when his wife was obliged to apply to the guardians for relief, which she received. Subsequently got employment in Manchester and Bishop Auckland, where she had a child born, got some relief, and was sent back to Y) Preston, and she remained f o r tea days in workhouse, whence she was sent to Ireland It under an order of removal by two magistrates. is alleged that the requirements of the act were not complied with. The warrant is not addressed to the relieving officer who s hould have applied for it, the magistrates were not sitting at petty sessions, it does not con tain the reputed age of the pauper, or the name of the place where she was born or where she last resided for three years, nor anything about the state of her health and her children's health. The war rant is not addressed to the Dundalk or Newry Guardians, as it should have been, nor was a copy of it sent to the clerk cf the board as the act directs. These are the allegations which are under the consi deration of the commissioners. It is the first case of the kind that has arisen under the act of last session, Surgeon Cussack died last night, about 9 o'clock, at his residence in Merrion-square, in the 74th year of his age. He was the head of the profession of surgeons in this country, and for many years occu pied the most distinguished positions connected with it in Dublin. His death causes many vacan cies. He was a fellow of the Royal College of Sur geons, of which he has been mare than once presi sident ; he was consulting surgeon of Stephen's Hospital and of Swift's Hospital, a member of the Board of Superintendence of Hospitals, and on the ed death of Sir Philip Crampton he was a v O O O l n o c r Surgeon in Ordinary to the Queen. e_ a go he pied the position of Regius Professor Trinity College. Till about a hospitals the continued to discharge his dutiesA toattack of and to see patients at his house. fortnight as one of the greatest ornaments bron chitis baffled the skill of his medicnal attendants— the most eminent men in th w ee a i s tY hel a do e fin wci'l r t f a s ht b he ua e rmhg rega rdedgrdyhieei me dical profession in Ireland, and annePl public: arrived at Be re h aven a t 6 'esteem o,eTloheek oc b n y h M the The harbour is said t o be espable o o n f d e ay g ' containing with safety all the ships in the British navy. THE SUN, LONDOR, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 27, 1861., Bulwer Lytton has done the country people good service in breaking through the ordinary routine of agricultural meetings. Every man to his trade, is good, sound, wholesome doctrine. The nobleman or gentleman who lectures to his tenants on the advantages of subsoiling and deep draining may be thoroughly well qualified for his adopted task. But the pro bability is that he will find nine out of ten of his audience more familiar with the science and prac tice of agriculture than himself. 'The farmers of Herts would no doubt have treated with the most profound respect every word that fell from Sir Bulwer Lytton's lips, if he had dwelt on the sue cession of crops, quoted Liebig as to chemical ma nures, and wound up a la Palmerston with a regret ful allusion to the present waste of the sewage of our large towns. But we are much deceived if they did not expect something very different from their distinguished member, and we have not the slightest doubt that every man of them must have felt more proud of his representative than he would have been had he given the most excellent advice about la bourers' cottages, long leases, or steam machinery. In a free country the majority of men will be politicians. What they want in a representative is something more than a good l an dl or d, a grea t agri culturist, or a jolly neighbour. They like to be talked to. They like to know that their member is a power in the state. They feel honoured in the per son of their representative, and each individual is conscious of a warmer glow of pride when the man to whom he has given his vote takes precedence in the council of his Sovereign. Sir Bulwer Lytton hit this feeling exactly when he said, "I am sent to Parliament not as the representative of short horns and long horns, of turnips and wheat; I am the re presentative of thoughtful and intelligent men, who expect me, when I meet them, tospeak of things which the legislature is supposed to study, mindful only of the one condition, which I hope I have not in fringed, that he does not introdu ce th e acer bi t i es of party into a convi▪ vial meeting." No one will accuse the Conservative member for llerts of having transgressed the bounds of good fellowship at the meeting of Hitchin. And Sir Bulwer Lytton's speech is a study itself. It is a history of current events, a manly defence of England's policy, a brilliant refutation of th e thousand calumnies which the pseudo-Liberalism of the day flings at Conservative statesmen. Perhaps one of the most common evils of the day is that men will not take the trouble to think fortheink elves—that they will trust to cries, however obs o l e t e, an d to sym bols, however unmeaning, without endeavouring to ascertain their full value. It must be so in the majority of cases.. The breeders of shorthorns and the growers of swedes have enough to do w. oon, auotdfathsheinugotehoeimsh question, and th e ci s e o l o v s e t s i a n b , about d t t h h e o Papal t q o n u o e g s Danish succession. They have their hearts in the right place. Their English instincts tell them when danger is nigh and the . honour of th e country i s imperilled. But on the Tin or question s of policy they want instruction, and it is rip inconsiderable benefit of them when a statesman like Sir Bulwer Lytton gives them, in his plai▪ n but el y oq e c,tt u iho e e n n _ t f r o d t ih i t s es s e oc i f . a t y a re t e i af o ur n si an d richly stored fn deductionss th t o e d g y r , eao of fs c l e u ar evsatti powerful,i o o n o s , o a f o tdh disciplined,erdefla mind. It is the union of orders at agricul tural meetings—it is the opportunity afforded to classes necessarily ill-instructed on the great ques tions of the day, to appreciate the views of the statesman, and to fathom the hidden springs of our national policy, that gives the r eun i on of these rural societies their chief interest; and Sir Bulwer Lytton has shown that he understands hi s own position and the wants of the day in calling away the attention and interest of the Hertfordshire farmers from the topics immediately before thei r not i ce to the great political problems in whi▪ ch the honour and safety of the empire are concerned. The speech of this orator and statesman is replete with such great truths, such thoroughly English sentiments, and such statesmanli▪ ke views—it is, besides, so complete a narrative of the history of the time so far as this country is concerned, that we cannot hope to augment the attractions it must hold out to every intelligent mind. Suffice it to say that he touches every theme of present interest to the politician with a master hand, and from each educss Tones and sentiments congenial not only to the limited assembly he addresses, but to every true hearted Englishman. And yet the s,Taker is one of the most honoured chiefs of that Conservative party whom the Liberal press denounce as the friends of tyranny, as the enemies of freedom, as the aiders and abettors of all that is retrograde, reactionary, and foreign to the spirit of the age. He is the colleazue of ler& pa t hy tt are ins words on e now agitating Europe—the future of Italy P "When I last met you here, what was Italy ? a dis cordant variety of petty states, in which the friends of order were puppets of Austria, and in which the friends, of liberty seemed wild conspirators who could use no other weapon against tyrants but the dagger of the miserable assassin. Now what is Italy ? A great nation, a constitutional monarchy ; the tyrant is gone, and let us hope that the assassin is disarmed. Like the enchanted princess in the old story books, who was thrown into a death-like slum ber till the walls that confined her fell down before the trumpet of her destined deliverer, Italy has risen out from the sleep of ages restored to the bloom, but exposed also to the passions and struggles of youth. Heaven guard and Heaven bless her ! It is for the interests of England that Italy should enter into the great community of constitutional nations." Is this the language of an ally of despotism and bigotry, or a foe to the nascent liberties of Italy ? But Sir Bulwer Lytton is in this respect more libe ral than the press which attacks his party. He is impartial. He does not belaud the awakening of Italians, and decry the earnest struggles of another great power in the path of constitutional freedom. He can recognise in the honest resolve of Francis Joseph and his advisers the same spirit which has raised up heroes and statesmen of Italy in this her hour of trial. He does not bow down and worship at the shrine of triumphant power; but he holds out the right hand of fellows - hip to the empire which, amidst a thousand perils, is laying the foundation of those constitutional liberties which are the pride and safety of the country. It has been sometimes made a reproach to the Conser vative party that it has no policy. A less gene rous opponent than Sr Bulwer Lytton might have taunted the Whigs with the adoption of the line chalked out for them by their prede cessors. The member for Hertfordshire is content with showing that in the main the principles of non-intervention must be carried out whatever Ministry is in power. And we commend his tribute to Lord Malmesbury—not that of a mere flatterer or a too friendly critic—but that of a statesman who rises abbve party ties and influences, whenever he touches upon matters involving national interests— to every Englishman. Of that noble lore. he says— 'Non will permit me to sly thus much, that to that comprehensiveness and liberality of judgment which generally comes from a wide knowledge of mankind and of the world, Lord Malmesbury unites that manly frankness which is the attribute of moral courage and undeviating honour." The confidence the right hon. baronet expresses in Earl Russell's foreign, policy is a proof that the bonds of party do not fetter his judgment. Sir Bulwer Lytton 's views upon New Worid politics will no doubt shock many Americans. To those who have looked forward to a great career of aggrandisement and triumph to the Union they will doubtless cause considerable pain. But they are the conclusions of a thoughtful student of history, backed up by argu ments which those who entertain opposite opinions will find it hard,to refute. The late Coltmial Secretary looks back with a glance, as it were, of lingering fondness, at the sphere of his labours during Lord Derby's Administration, and dwells with pardonable empasis on the birth of that great colony of British Columbia, which some day, and at no very distant day, is destined of to play so great a part on the western shores the American continent. We can only hope that the performed with so muc h assiduit y and s o much enof th th e e ri o g ffi h o t e h w on h . o b se ar d o u n t e i t ee w h il e l that noble colony may receive from his hands that time reassume a isno the t fa r labours wh advantage to the country, and that the youth of fostering care which did so much for its infancy. TUB RUGBY INQUIRY.—We are requested to state that Mrs. Hill is: not a granddaughter of the late Sir Francis Burdett. She is a daughter of the late Mr. Win. Jones Burdett, and her mother, therefore, is not Lady Bur dett. Mrs. Hill was not adopted by Miss Coutts. [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway's Pills and Ointment. — Premature Decly.—When from free living, excessive in dulgence, or the enervating effects of hot climates, the nervous system becomes shaken, and the bodily powers debilitated, Holloway's remedies may be used with the cer tainty of their producing relief. For dyspepsia, liver com plaints, seek headache, and loss of appetite, this Ointment should be very well rubbed twice a day over the pit of the stomach and the right side, whilst Holloway's Pills are being taken in such doses as can conveniently be borne. This treatment will always restore strength and energy. Nervousness, flushes,and fainting fits may all be prevented by a timely recourse to, and diligent use of, these remedies, which cannot do harm to the moot delicate yr debilitated, 111C1PLINE IN THE NAVY. TO THE EDITOR GE THE SUN. Sir,—At the Staffordshire agricultural meeting last week, the Earl of Shrewsbury (better known in the service as Lord Ingestre), in returning thanks for the usual naval todst, took occasion to dilate upon the present state of discipline, and to in form his audience that flogging was absolutely necessary to keep skulkers from shirking their work, which would otherwise fall on the willing man. I am told that a farmer present observed, " When I have a horse in a team who refuses the collar I do not expend whipcord upon him, but cast him as soon as possible, and provide another who does not require whipping to keep him to his share of work.'' Does not this philosophy apply with like force to the naval service? Why are idlers and skulkers who require flogging retained, when good seamen may be had if they were paid the worth of their labour ? A sailor can carry his craft to any country, and will go where he is best paid, and why should not the navy pay be better than any other, so as to get the best men ? We do not flog a servant if found incapable or lazy, but discharge him and get a better. What is the use of expending millions upon ships and docks if the personnel of the fleet is deficient ? Surely, when we calculate the expense of desertions, rearing men for other nations, to say nothing of the reproach of retaining corporal punishment, a scale of wages that will make the navy the best paid, and therefore the most desired service, will be found in the end the most economical and certainly the most satisfactory am, &c., A RETIRED NAVAL CAPTAIN. Wolverhampton, Sept. 24. DOCAS IN THE MERSEY. Mr. John Laird, of Birkenhead, in a letter to a contemporary, writes ;—I am g l a d to see that— the absolute necessity of making immediate provision for the dock accommodation of the large class of steamships now building for her Majesty's service is now attracting attention. The report of the Select Committee appointed to inquire into the extension of Chatham Dockyard a few months ago went fully into the subject, and recommended the construction of new basins and graving docks there, at a cost of £900,000, which recommendation was approved by Parliament. The evidence of Admiral Robinson, the Con troller of the Navy, before the Committee was very important. In one of his answers he says :—" I do not h es it a t e to say that, after a naval engage ment, the country that can first repair its ships damaged in action will thereby double its force. In such a case, one ship and proper basin accommoda tion is equivalent to two." As it must take some years before the accommo dation of the present dockyards can be materially increased, or new ones constructed, I propose to show what dock and basin accommodation, and also graving -dock space for her Majesty's ships, is avail able now at this port, and how it could be promptly extended. On the Liverpool side of the Mersey there is an area of dock -water space.of 235 acres. The en trances to these docks vary from 30ft. to 100 ft. in width, and the average depth of water at mean neap tides varies from 16ft. 3in. to 19ft., and at spring tides from 23ft. 3in. to 26ft. The area of water space of the Birkenhead Docks now completed, or to be completed within three years, is 153 acres. Of this water space, the great float of 120 acres is now complete. The width of entrances varies from 50ft. to 100 ft., and the depth of water on the sills at mean neap tides is 231 t. 3in., and at spring tides 30f't. 3in. The lock entrances into two of the Liverpool docks have been so constructed that they have been used as graving docks in cases of necessity. The Canada Dock lock is 500 ft. long, 100 ft. wide, and has a depth of water at the sill at mean spring tides of 26ft. spring tides of 24ft. 9in. On the Birkenhead side there is one lock en trance 500 ft. long, 85ft. wide, with a depth of water of 30ft. 3in. at mean spring tides. This lock can also be used as.a graving dock. There are 16 graving docks in Liverpool, varying in length from 300 ft. to 700 ft., having a depth of water of 18ft. to 21ft. on the blocks at mean spring tides ; the width of the entrances varying from 401 t. to 70ft. At Birkenhead three public graving docks are in course of construction, each 750 ft. long ; two having 50ft. entrances, and the third an entrance of 85fti wide. The depth of water in these graving docks is 25ft_ 9in. at mean spring tides. There is another lock entrance into the Birkenhead Docks which is now 400 ft. long by 100 ft. wide, having a depth of water at mean spring tides of 30ft. 3in., which could also be lengthened to 500 ft., and adapted for use as a graving dock at a cost of £15,000. In addition to the public docks on both sides of the river above alluded to, there are ten private graving docks on the Birkenhead side ; two of these are 440 ft. long and have a depth of water at mean spring tides of 20ft. 3in., and one of these is now being enlarged, and the depth of water in creased to 24ft. Two others of these docks are 380 ft. long each, with a depth of water at mean spring :ides of 19ft. 3in. The width of entrances to these Four docks varies from 8 Ift. to 87ft. The mean of spring tides is called 18ft. 3in. on tho old dock-sill datum ; but the tides rise occa sionally to 21ft., which would make a depth of water on the sill of the Birkenhead Docks at the highest tides of 33ft. 3in. From the above statement it would appear that there is a large area of dock-water space now ready or shortly to be completed, which in case of war or any sudden emergency, would afford accommoda tion to some of the lagest ships in her Majesty's service ; and there is no doubt from the nature of the locality, that graving-dock accommodation suitable for the large ships of war now being con structed could be provided at a very moderate cost. Admiral Robinson's remark that facilities for re pairs would double the effective force of a navy is, I think, a correct view to take of the subject ; and, if in addition to the great docking facilities at this port, we take into consideration the thousands of artisans of the various kinds required to repair ships whether constructed of wood or iron, there can be no question as to the fact that the combined advan tages would enable repairs, both to hull and ma chinery, to be completed more promptly than at any other port in the kingdom. Objections are raised to the Mersey, in conse quence of the entrance channels, as a rendezvous for ships of war; but I consider the difficulties of entering the harbour have been greatly overstated, as is shown by the following extract from the re port of Admiral Evans, Acting Conservator of the River Mersey, dated Jan. 31, 1861 : " The navigation of the river Mersey is in a more satisfactory state than it has been since the passing of the Mersey Conservancy Act in 1842." "The returns state that 48,317 vessels passed in and out of Liverpool during the year 1860, showing a decrease as compared with 1859 of 156. Notwith standing the diminution in numbers, yet, owing to the greatly increased size of the ships of the present day, the tonnage in and out of Liverpool during the past year, as copied from the Customs' bill of entry, shows an increase of 760,196 tons over the previous year of 1859. " It is gratifying to observe that out of this pro digious number of vessels (averaging 132 per diem), o nly three schooners appear to have been totally wrecked off the entrance of the port." The Great Eastern, a vessel certainly more un wieldy than any of her Majesty's ships built or building, has entered and left the port twice with out the slightest difficulty ; and in less than two years, when the deep -water entrances at the Birken head Docks are completed, ships of the largest class will be able to enter those docks every day in the ,FIR EDWARD B V LWER L "117'0.N. (From the Times.) The speakers at most of the agricultural meet ings are placed in a position of considerable diffi culty, especially when they happen to be members of Parliament, not unreasonably anxious to make a favourable impression upon their constituents. The common sense of mankind has at last informed them that the mere poss ess i on o f an es t a t e by no means implies the possession of the amount of knowledge requisite to deliver to men whose whole lives are occupied in the cultivation of the soil practical lec tures on agriculture. These things were tolerated in the glorious days of Protection, but one of the many advantages of Free Trade has been to deliver farmers from this kind of ridiculous patronage, and to make each member of the great landed interest more justly estimate his own position and appreciate the amount of his knowledge. But if the unhappy member,no longer permitted to discourse of bullocks, takes refuge in the more congenial field of politics, he is apt to find that he has only emerged from Scylla to fall into the jaws of Charybdis; that is, that he has avoided being impertinent only to be come offensive. Still, people, and especially mem bers of Parliament, must talk about something. It is not every man that has the gift of social science, or of discoursing of " family ;" and therefore, not withstanding the melancholy example of Mr. Weguelin at the South Staffordshire Agricultural Meeting, a sort of internal necessity drives member after member forward to enter on the forbidden field of politics. Some men there are so richly gifted with the flowers of rhetoric that one subject to them is just as good as another; they tread lightly on the verge of everything which they treat, and view it not the least in its practical bearing, but entirely as .a subject for rhetorical art. Such an orator is Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton. It matters not what the topic may be, Sir Edward always has at his command sounding words and epigrammatic sentences, and can impart pleasure, if he does not always give instruction. Such an orator is invaluable at an Agricultural Meeting of the present day, and is pretty sure of success, his very imperfections saving him from the possibility of failure. Whatever in terests the civilised races of mankind interests Eng land ; whatever interests England interests the far mers of Hertfordshire. So long, then, as he steers clear of the affairs of barbarians Sir Edward Bul wer Lytton cannot fail to receive the flattering attention of any assembly of Englishmen. Italy is first called up, in order that a few good things may be said about her :—" The tyrant is gone, and let us hope that the assassin is disarmed." " Italy is like the Sleeping Beauty in the wood, restored by the trumpet of her destined deliverer to the bloom, but also to the struggles and passions of youth." With this pretty simile Italy is dismissed to work out her regeneration as she may. We have, then, a definition of the foreign policy of England : England, as a free State, sympathises with the free; as a commercial State, she has a strong affinity with the prosperous. Now, freedom and prosperity are only combined in a constitutional government such as England herself possesses, and therefore the foreign policy of England consists in opposi tion to-revolution and tyranny, and the support of constitutional government. We are sadly afraid that the matter is not quite so simple. The policy of England is not principally, but only very excep tionally, directed to interference with the internal affairs of other nations. England, nevertheless, has a foreign policy, which we fear does not admit' of being described in quite so few words as Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton deems sufficient for the far mers of Hertfordshire.. England has a traditional policy founded on settled and well understood maxims, the principal of which have reference to the preservation of the balance of power. To sup port the weaker States against the stronger, and to prevent any one Power from becoming so strong as to absorb the rest, to seek no accession of territory , for herself, and as far as possible to preserve good will to wards all mankind—these are, we believe, more truly the principles of our foreign policy than an endless intermeddling with the affairs of other countries. We next come to Austria with her new King, Lords, and Commons—a Power deserving our support from her utility in preserving the balance of Europe, a principle of foreign policy which Sir Edward had forgotten to mention in his account of the principles of English statesmanship. But about Austria there is nothing particularly good to be said, so we pass on to America—a more promising theme for rhetoric. Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton is quite prepared for the disruption of the Union ; nay, he expects before very long to see it separated illto three or four _parts—a nrosncet gt but because he is convinced that the change will be for the benefit of America herself. Having ascer- tatamed,_ we know not where or how, that the United States contain a fourth part of the globe, he declares such a mass to be too large for a single Government. The Empires of the East perished, it appears, not, as some superficial writers have thought, from external violence, but because they were too large. We suppose if Persia had been smaller Alexander would not have overrun it, and that when the Roman Empire was split in half it doubled its strength, and ought, according to all sound rules of calculation, to have repulsed in this divided state, the attacks of the barbarians who were more than a match for it when united. The monarchy of Charlemagne fell to pieces because the barbarism of the times and the discordancy of races never permitted it to be thoroughly organised. But America has been organised into a whole. She speaks the same language, she obeys the same laws. Vast as is her extent, communication over the whole of it is instantaneous by the electric telegraph, and fewer days suffice to traverse it from North to South and from East to West than were required —._ .. .. by the Romans to travel from the Capitol to the foot of the Alps or the extremity of Calabria. Mere size is no cause of destruction, as we see by the durability of the Russian Empire ; and we cannot, therefore, acquiesce in the consolation offered to the Americans, that a .disruption which a little forbearance and a little prudence might have averted was an inevitable result of the nature of things. There is truth :in the remark that America divided into a small number of States will probably be urged by their rivalry to a higher point of intellectual progress, and that she will be obliged to seek for more vigilant statesmen and abler commanders [than she has required during the time of peace which she has just so abruptly and so wantonly closed. But it is not certainly consolatory to her, nor does it well agree with what Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton says of the fragility of large empires, to be told that if America could have remained under one form of government she would have hung over Europe like a gathering and destructive thundercloud. This is precisely what she would like to do, and it must be mortifying indeed to be told, on the authority of Lord Derby's Colonial Minister, that if the people of the United States could have refrained a little longer from mutual destruction they would have become the terror of the world. We are no be lievers in this thundercloud theory. Nothing has occurred in the course of the civil war to show that the United States were or could be put into a posi tion to carry on with success a war against a first rate Power at the distance of 3,000 miles. America has lost much in this unhappy quarrel, but we have no reason to believe that she has thrown away the position of arbiter over the destinies of Europe. After a short excursion to France, where the Emperor is described as standing with one hand so resting on the gates of war that they open and close at his touch—a metaphor which is no improvement on Lord Palmerston 's speech at Dover—we are wafted back to America again, in order to speak of the new colony of Brirish Columbia, the monument of Sir Edward Lytton's administration of the Colo nies, and though, alas! now far from paying its own expenses, destined, he assures us, one day to be the wealthiest dependency of the British Crown. This is what we have gained by having Sir Edward for our Colonial Minister; what we have lost by losing him is a chain of dependencies stretching right across the American continent, which, had he continued in office two years longer, he assures us he should have already founded, notwithstanding the trivial obstacles presented by a Siberian climate and a country all but inaccessible. Seldom has an audience travelled further in one speech, but we fear the journey is not so profitable as it is long. omtlsteirMßourniwinegr Lytton on We congratu late on the com plete restoration of his health, and the farmers of F'r Hertfordshire on his presence at their agricultural meeting at Hitchin. To the country at large, not less than to his neighbours and constituents, the h e alth of the right hon. baronet is precious, and his statesmanlike speech of Wednesday shows how pre cious. 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