The Sun. — London, England, 1856-08-15 00:00:00

Spirit of the I)ublic Journals. (From the Times of this day.) Russia, though with a new Emperor and fresh opportunities, seems far from disposed to enter the path of reform. The ok;stinate and sulleu spirit still lives—humiliations are, it would appear, al most already forgotten, and both Czar and people are as ready as ever to plaay the old game of pride, violence, and cunning, which was successful for more than 150 years. But we cannot think that at the present time such a display will be success ful. Common prudence would advise a more gra dual and less demonstrative return to the assump tions and menaces of former days. It is but a few months since Russia accepted the terms of peace proposed through Austrian mediation. At that time we were told by the Russian press in Europe of the sincerity and moderation of the Czar. To believe certain prints and certain politicians, Russia was a land of good faith, and her unambitious people were lost in astonishment at the designs im puted to them by the misguided Cabinets of the West. About last February, when the represen tatives of Europe were to meet in Paris, the tone of every Russian organ was most magniloquent and high-minded. Peace, good will to all men, popular instruction, railways, canals, improved agriculture , free trade, were in the heart of every Russian. A smile of good-humoured pity was the answer to those who hinted that Muscovite policy might still remain unchanged, and that it would be as well to take guarantees while we wore still strong, united, and in earnest. All this lasted until peace was made, and Russia obtained conditions with which she had no reason to be dissatisfied. Now, how ever, all is changed. Cronstadt is no longer threatened ; Poland is for ever abandoned by the West, and will be fully Russianised be fore war again visits Europe ; Bessarabia, with the exception of a narrow slip, is preserved ; the Caucasus still remains a Russian possession. The Czar is about to be crowned with much splendour, and all Europe is flocking to the sight. Russia is again taking hor stand as a great Power, and is no longer a vast prison, with a Sovereign, n obility, and people placed under the ban of thq world. Hence the old, inveterate obstinacy, re vives ; the old cunning is once more to be tried to discover if it can, as of yore, command success. There can be no doubt of the unwillingness of Russia to cede quietly and honourably what has become by treaty the property of the Ottoman State. We shall, perhaps, have it explained with many details that the difficulties we complain of were unavoidable ; that the destruction of Kars and the Danubian forts was strictly legal, and that the occupation of Serpents Island was only some transaction connected with the lighthouse. But facts still remain on record. It is certain that the conduct of the Russians has induced England again to occupy the Black Sea. The Hannibal has been sent to Serpents Island, and sufficient intimation has been given that in the opinion of the allies something like a breach of faith has taken place. Compare the conduct of France and England with that of their late enemy. The allies had more than 250,000 men in the East. They had prepared, far from their own country, immense stores of food, clothing, and warlike material, in expectation of long hostilities. Every man and horse and gun had to be brought away by sea, at a time when transport was scarce and dear. Yet in four months, two-thirds of the time allowed, not only the Crimea but Turkey itself has been cleared of the allied troops. We learn from Constantinople to-day that after the departure of a flotilla then about to sail scarcely a thousand Frenchmen would be left in Turkey. Our own naval and military establish ments have been broken up, and soon Scutari will retain no traces of us except the graves of the dead and the monument which commem orates them. This promptness, so honourable to both nations, has not been imitated by Russia. Although Kars is but some 30 miles from her own frontier, and held but by a few thousand men, she is there still, destroying works, cutting down fo rests, refusing English officers the right of visiting the spot, and, during her little term of power, playing the despot after the fashion of Warsaw or Tiflis. The same is the case at the mouth of the Danube. Russian troops are still there, and will remain until the latest day allowed by treaty, with perhaps the desperate hope that something will happen to enable them to refuse the cession alto gether. The part of Bessarabia which is to be added to the principalities is still in Russian hands, and the Czar raises doubts on the topography, and would, as far as may be judged, from appear ances, gladly evade the condition which for the first time causes his frontier to recede. We do not certainly think that any practical re sult will follow from these litigious and undigni fied displays. The other Powers are far too much in earnest to allow any trifling in matters of such importance. It will be observed that Austria, who perhaps knows her neighbour better than we do, has not yet evacuated the Principalities, al though she ought to have done so some time since. She is, no doubt, waiting until Russia shall have performed her part of the engagement. That when the end of the six months comes we shall see the Russians unwillingly depart is certain enough. We may in future times have to watch their de signs for the recovery of their former territory, but that they will acquiesee for the present we know, because we have the power to enforce it. But the spirit of the Court of St. Petersburg is not the less apparent. It can hardly be to impose on civilised nations that the Russian Sovereign makes this display of impoeut obstinacy. Indeed, the im pressions it must leave on Europeans is rather that Russia is weaker and more sorely wounded than was thought. To see her lingerinr , at the spot she must leave, and performing acts of paltry tyranny till the last, cannot raise her in the eyes of German or Italian. But it may be that on some ignorant and confiding races the spectacle of her armed occupation after the Allies have left the East may have an influence. If she holds Kars after France and England have withdrawn their armies from Constantinople, the fact may be ex pla,ined consistently with Russian interests among nations to whom Russia alone speaks. Neverthe less, in the end such subterfuges can be of little avail, and the conduct of Russia, by destroying any nascent feeling of confidence among the Wes tern nations, will bring on her evils far over balancing any advan'ages which a dilatory evacua tion call procure. (Fi•ora the Atily News of this day.) One day in the year 1788, a thoughtless "Middy" was leaning over the bulwark of his ship, then anchored off Shithead, listlessly gazing into the water. H-is captain, who had been pacing the deck, all at once stopped short, tapped him on the . shoulder, anti pointing to some ships sailing past, said—" Mark those vessels, young man ; they carry in them the germ of.a mighty empire." The vessels the captain pointed to were the small squadron in which was embarked the first batch of convicts sent to " Botany Bay." - The "Middy" to whom the prophetic words were addressed still lives, an honoured veteran. Year ' after year passed away, and the future empire seemed in no haste to develope itself. In 1810— twenty-two years after the floating prisons had passed Spithead—New South Wales had only 10,000 inhabitants. In 1817 the summit of the mountain range behind Sydney was crossed for the first time. The exports from the colony were Baal ; the imports wore convicts, rum, provisions, and slops. The foundation of the colony had been, like everything else done by an English Govern ment, a compromise. For some twenty years before 178 S almost the only punishment-in Eng land for all sorts of crimes was the gallows. Men and women were hanged for the most dangerous and revolting crimes; boys and girls were hanged for picking pockets of a few shillings. They were strung up by the dozen or half-dozen at a time. Men grew sick of this. The idea of reformatory punishment dawned on their minds. Bentham promulgated his scheme of a Panopticon. Minis ters shrunk aghast from such a daring innovation. Then Mr. Eden came forward, with his scheme of a penal colony. Before the American revolution a considerable proportion of the crime-class of Eng land had been absorbed by the North American colonies. A class of speculators had sprung up, who took convicts off the hands of a Government which knew not what to make of them, and sold them to "the plantations. The young republic refused to remain the moral dunghill of England, add as no other way of disposing of the surplus gaol-birds on hand occurred to the English Govern ment they were hanged up to get rid of them. On this hint Mr. Eden spoke ; he would create a new colony to receive the convicts, whose hangipg the public would no long er tolerate. There was a pre cedent for this proposal, and that is all'in all with English statesmen. Beside s, it promised to_ relieve them of the difficult practical question, what was to be done with tho convicts when released from prison. Eden's comprpmise between the gallows and the Panopticon was snatched at and an Act of Parliament was passed for the settlement of " Botany Bay." Having achieved this great feat the Government and the Legislature sat down to take breath, and thought no more of the experiment they had initi ated. The criminals, and the soldiers sent to guard them, were left to shift for themselves. The spot o n which they settled was ill-adapted for tillage ; and none of them had any notion of such employ ment. Year after year fresh gangs of convicts were s ent out. Prisoners and g ao l ers h a d a li ke to b e clothed and victualled from the old country. " Bo tany B a y," as it was long called —or Sydney —was merely a larger prison , with an arid soil for fl oor, and the (mail and sterile mountains for walls. THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENI-o, AUGUST 15, tris6 IRELAND. time were only distinguished by the conflict of races and' the struggles of contending nations, how the represen tative of the Sovereign of this realm can not only ap• proach but can make his way into the centre of that pro vince of Connaught, where, formerly, the representative of the monarchs of England were defied and forbidden to pass. (Hear.) He can now go there, and can see that he has secured the allegiance and the affection of that province with far firmer bands than any by which in this country they were secured to ar•y Sovereign, be cause he wins them by relying on and existing in the warm hearts and tender affections of the people. (A.p pla,use)." offer, M. Baudin and the female were on the 11th of that month enticed on some pretext to a house at a place called La Chesnaie, at some little distance from Nantes, which house belonged to Crochu. There they were efF.ed refreshments, and a nareotie was mixed with their wine. This produced sleep, and when they wire asleep they were murdered. Tneir bedi s were then buried be neath a larze oak tree by the rind side opposite a pond called the Etang de la Perriere. No sooner was this sta. • went made than criers were transmitted from Rcuen by telegraph t) have L- arrested, and on Monday he was lodged in prison. On the same day, in onediei•ce to telegraphic orders, a search was made in the place indi cated for the remains of the victims, but up to four in the afternoon nothing had been found. The arrest of M. L-- naturally created an immerse sen-ation at Nantes, but, it is not eensidered improbable that Crochu may have falsely denounced him, to satisfy private vengeance, or to postpone his own execution. Crochu's house, in which the victims are said to have been mur dered, was in 1851 quite isolated, but since then a num ber of•huses have been built and gardens formed around it, so that the site is completely changed. It is expected that Crochu himself will be removed to Nantes to assist the autbarities in the searching investigation which they have instituted. DUBLIN, THURSDAY MORNING. THE (GREAT NATIONAL OATTLE SHOW. The Royal Agricultural Improvement Society held their annual cattle show at Athlone yester day. Owing to the very unfavourable state of the weather during the earlier part of the day the :attendance of visitors was rather meagre, but sub- BE quently the rain having ceased the show-yard '7l6pidly filled with crowds of spectators from all I trts of Ireland. The exhibition of stock of all ' kinds is described as being unusually fine. The first prize in short-horned bulls, calved between January, 1851, and 1854, was awarded to Grand Turk, be- longing to Mr. Henry Ambler, of Watkinson:hall, Halifax. Lord Ciancarty's short-horned roan bull, Pro Bono Publice, took the second prize. The Lord-Lieutenant was present, and in the course of the day a congratulatory address was presented by the town commissiouers, to which his Excellency replied zs folllows : " Gentlemen—l beg to return my sincere thanks to the Commissioners of Athlone for the expressions alike Df respectful loyal'iy and friendly welcome with which they have greeter' A me on my visit to their ancient bo rough. Its old and almost pre-historical name of Ath- Lunn. or ' the. Ford of Luan,' the scene of many a struggle bet•aeen conflicting tribes and jealous races, affords a striking contrast to the spectacle it now pre-, sents, whs,n, as the centre of the inland communication APPOINTMENTS TO T FIE ARTILLERY AND MILIT A RY ACADEMY. List of successful Candidates for appointments to Provisional Commissions in the Royal Artillery, and for admission to the Royal Military Aca demy, Woolwich, at the examination held at King's College, on 30th June, and following days : of the ki•Jgd'otn, it has brought this large and peaceful concour de of its inhabitants together to witness the bloodleAs triumphs of agricultural industry. I trust that 'your community will ever entertain the noble re solul,iou of keeping due pace with the manifold advan tag'..s of your local position and the general improve- In ent and progress of Ireland." The banquet took place in the evening. The Duke of Leinster, as president of the society, pre sided, and the guests comprised the Lord-Lieute- I.—PROVISIONAL COMMISSIONS. Names. Places of Education. Marks. Tarleton, Edward Delaval University of Dublin.. 5,594 Darnall, Henry Ponntney Clare Hall, Cambridge 4,725 Cottingham, Edward R University of Dublin.. 4,633 Salmon, George Russell Privately Barrington, Joseph Thos... University of Dublin 3,730 Townsend, Nath. Wm. 0... Trin. College, Cam 3.564 Auehinleck, John Claudius University of Dublin 3,534 Harvey, George Sheppard... Magdalen Col., Cam 3,471 Kyle, Samuel C0tter........ University of Dublin 3,397 Maunsell, Wm. Stopford.... University of Dublin 3,322 Mitchell, Herbert Leonard.. University Col., Oxfd. 3,166 nant; the Earl of Erne, Lord Monck, Lord Talbot de Malahide, Lord Clancarty, Lord Clonbrock, Lord Caitlernaine, Lord Clifton, Sir T. Redington, Judge Keogh, and many of the leading gentry of Westmeath, Roscommon, and the neighbouring counties. The usual loyal toasts having peen given and responded to, " The health of the Lord-Lieu tenant" was proposed amid great cheering. His Excellency replied at considerable length, aud, inter alia, supplied some highly interesting facts connected with the annual return of agricultural statistics which have not yet been officially promul gated by the Registrar-General. After alluding to the historic recollections attached to the old town of Athlone, the central garrison of Ireland, Lord Carlisle proceeded as follows : " Where could we have placed Irish agriculture upon a more befitting throne ? Nor are there wanting some very gratifying points of contrast with the times that have passed away. This same majestic Shannon for merly separated Connaught almost as a distinct country from the rest of Ireland. Sometimes, indeed, Connaught was represented as being one side of a less political alter native—(lanighter and applause)—and this very year the most brilliant of historians has described to us how that inhabitants of the same realm guarded these lines, and watched these fords, and reddened these plains in deadly conflict. (Hear.) Now this same stream washes the confines of ten peaceful Irish counties and benefits them all, and, as on this day, brings together a large unarmed assembly to meet in peaceful lists where there is no more destructive rivalry than that between polled Anguses and Berries. (Loud cheers.) While on the subjeet of this great river, I may state much pains have been taken of late years to heighten its natural capa bilities by improving the navigation and by diminishing the overflow of its banks, to which it was so much sub ject ; and I am not sure whether our great Imperial ally might not borrow some very useful hints from us as to how to deal with these disastrous inundations, which on a larger scale have so recently occurred on the banks of the Loire and the Rhone. (Cheers.) But with re spect to ourselves, this deepening of the channel of rivers and strengthening of their courses, and the redaction of their waters to their summer level, prepare the way most usefully for thorough drainage, and I rejoice to find how much of that beneficial work is going on over Ireland generally. I have learned that since 1848 no less than 176,000 acres have been drained by the Board of Works, and I imagine more than double that area by private hands; and sub-soil draining and surface draining on mountain lands have been attended with like beneficial results to the upland farmer and grazier. Now, I need not point out to the practical and enlightened men who now surround me how all-important drainage must be to a country like Ireland,where the insular climate must necessarily cause so great an abundance of moisture, and where we cannot always rely on the brilliant sunshine with which we were favoured during the last fortnight. Ner can I be debarred, even by the golden promise of the harvest which now gladdens our eyes, from urging you to bear in mind that what Nature in her wise eco nomy seems specially to have fitted this island for is to be the mother of flocks and herds—to be, if I may so say, the herd and the dairy of the world—to send rations of beef and bales of bacon to our armies wherever they are, whether they are to be found, as many of our friends here to-night can speak of their being, upon the distant ridges of the Caucasus, and to send firkins of butter to every sea and harbour of the habitable 'globe. (Hear, hear.) Within the last twenty years more than a million of Irish acres have been reclaimed from the waste. In 1841 to eight millions of people there were 13,000,000 of cultivated acres in Ireland. Now perhaps more than a million has been subtracted from the population, and more than a million acres has been added to the cultivated area. (Hear, hear.) I wish, however, not to deal in generalities on a subject of this sort, but will confine myself to the actual progress as contrasted between the present year and that which im mediately preceded it. I derive my information from the very valuable returns collected by the constabulary of this country ; and this is a matter in which I conceive that you in Ireland have got a material start over your proud neighbours in England. These returns, as you are well aware, are collected annually, and, bait spoken to the great credit of the Irish gentry, farmers, and peo ple, they are furnished voluntarily, and rare indeed are the instances in which the information requested is not supplied with alacrity and good will. (Cheers.) Well, I find from these returns, which have not yet been given to the public—the time has not yet arrived for their being sufficiently matured for the purpose—l find that, comparing this year with the last, there is a decrease of some amount in the growth of oats and barley, but there is an increase in the growth of wheat of 83,683 acres. Tne increase in green crops amounts to no less than 114,774 acres ; and, though. I must admit potatoes are by far the largest portion, yet I am in hopes that pota toes themselves are grown now more as a farmer's crop than with a view to the exclusive subsistence of the cat tle. The increase in flax, which I ern especially glad to learn covers 90,000 acres, and the increase of the whole extent under tillage this year, as compared with the last, amounts to 65,773 acres. So, with respect to livestock, the increase in the number of horsesamounts to 18,000 ; of head of cattle to 25,000 ; of the number of sheep to 90,000. There is a very large decrease observable in piggy, amounting to no less than 250,000 ; but it is thought by those who are charge I with the collection of these returns thatit is owing to theirhaving been made up at an earlier period than usual, for I believe the farmers generally like to have their pigs to feed when they have the largest quantity of actual produce to give them. However, that Is a matter which must be tested by subsequent expe rience. I have the pleasure of seeing opposite to me on this occasion a most useful public officer, Mr. Donnelly, and 1 cannot see him witheut remembering that both he and I have together striven to inculcate how much use it would be to effect a still larger destruction of roadside weeds. I do not like to go over ground which I have travelled before, and I believe and hope much has been done, and is doing in this respect. I know that some railway companies have been good enough to give very useful directions on this head, and I believe both they, and grand juries, and road contractor 3, and proprietors at large, might do still more. I do not wish at all to treat even the unproductive pauper as a human weed — I should be very sorry to represent him in that light— but I am happy to say that. this crop shows a great defi ciency as c mpared with its state last year, for, upon inquiring the numbers in the workhouses, I am happy to find that in the last week there were 17,771 fewer than in the same week in August, 1855, and there are 1,571 less last week than the week before. (Hear, hear.) Indeed there is no circumstance in the present social condition of Ireland which inspires me with more satis faction than what I believe to be the rise, perhaps the g radual but the general rise, perhaps the slow, but I elieve the certain, and I trust permanent rise, in the rate of wages. An d if there are any here to whom that has a less comfortable sound, I would invite him to remember that low wages by no means always represent cheap labour—(loud cheers)— and that no real or deep seated or permanent prosperity can be expected in the country unless it is grounded upon a prosperous and contented tenantry, and labouring class ; and, let me add, that it is thus, amid the harmony of classes, the co-operation of interests, the blessings of external peace and internal concord, that I trust the Royal Agricul tural Society is destined to pursue its honourable and beneficent career." (Loud cheering.) The other principal speakers were Lord Erne, Lord Clonbrock, Lord Clancarty, and Mr. Justice Keogh. The latter concluded an animated address in these terms : "There are subjects on which no man can for a moment admit himself to be ignorant, questions which, while they do not trench iu any way on the disputed regions of politics, on which we are never at liberty at meetings of this kind to touch, yet all must know to be fostered, to be encouraged by the exertions of the Royal Agricul tural Society of Ireland. They met together with no selfish ends, except in the most enlarged sense in which all men may be supposed to be actuated by selfish ma tives—naniely, the increasing the general store of wealth and improving the character of the country which they all love. But this society, meeting for the purpose of diffusing useful knowledge among the humblest as well as the highest classes of the community, spreading among the peasantry of the land that information which is calculated to improve their condition and raise them in the scale of their fellow-creatures—(hear) -2 nd surely it is not necessary for me or for any one to go outside the limits of this room to see how meetings such as this are calculated to bring men together on occasions when they can assemble without any difference of party or re ligious conflict—and forgetting those topics on which unfortunately they may differ, combines in one common concord for the common benefit of its country. Surely also we can see in the observations which have been made by his Excellency this evening one of the most dis tinct and clear marks of the regeneration of Ireland, when he reminded us, and reminded us 80 appropriately, that upon the banks of this river, which at no distant 11.--. ROYAL MILITARY ACADEMY. Place of Education. Marks. Millar, Joseph Allan Queen's Coll., Belfast.. 5,819 Nolan, Jon Philip .... University of Dublin. 4,716 Hardiuge, Edward Pelham. Do. 4,667 Stewart, Richard Warren Do. 4,019 Walsh, Edward Davidson, Charles Richard King's Coll., London... 3,721 Walker, Edward James tary Gram. School... 3,617 White, Thomas Pilkington. Privately .4,573 Bolland, George Herbert.... Gram. Sch., Clapham 3,518 Crawford, Charles Gordon, Edward Smith Brighton College ...... 3,438 Hamilton, Thos. Bramstone Privately • 3,421 Le Grice. Frederick Sevaine Privately 3,399 Hozier, Henry Montague ... Edinburgh University 3,320 Vivian, Richd. Hy. Dansey Exeter Col., Oxford Gallwey, Patk. Fitz-Gerald Catholic Univ.,Dublin 3,210 Lloyd, Francis Thomas...... Blackheath Prop. Sch. 3,166 Ls Mesurier, F. Augustus... RI. Naval Sc., N. Cross 3,116 Hollist, Edwd. Omtnanney Privately .. . 3,053 Strahan George Cumrniue.. Marischal College Hogg, John Roberts Aberdeen Fleay, Augustus Timewell King's Coll., London 2,9 M Cruikshank, Alex. Ramsay Do, Do. 2,817 Gillies, George James Sturt, Napier George Owen, John Ferguson, Chas. J. O'Neill University of Dublin 2,696 Cooke, James Robt. Davies Privately Stratton, J. Heathfield Brighton College 2,634 Melville, Bruce Hall The no-discipline of English prisons was faithfully copied at the Antipodes. The criminals herded to gether, and made each other worse. Their gaolers tried to prevent them from escaping, and some times knocked a refractory subject on the head. Tae so called colony became a hell upon earth. It cost England an immense sum of money every year. Bet then the convicts were got out of the way, and men were not sJ often shocked by hang ing matches. It so happened that among the .officers of the corps of regimented gaolers at Sydney, there were one or two cannie Scots. Partly to dispel ennui, and partly to make money, they imported a few sheep and rams, and commenced farming. They engaged to relieve the Governor of the charge of a certain number of convicts provided he would ob tain for them grants of land, and allow them to employ the men without paying wages. They laid claim to sundry other privileges, of which the most important was a monopoly of the rum imported into the colony. This rum became the currency with which they paid their way. Most of them. made fortunes by the sale of their farm produce. hence arose in time a New South Wales aristoc racy, a free commonalty, composed of convicts whose term of punishment had expired, and a num ber of white slaves. Free adventurers from the mother country began to drop in, hoping to parti cipate in the prosperity of the military aristocracy, and by means of patrons at the Colonial-office ob tained grants of land and white slaves. Now began. a stormy era. The rum-monopoly aristocracy rose in rebellion against one Governor who would not obey them, and deposed him. His successors trimmed and veered between the rum aristocracy and the expirees, and the convicts, who made com mon cause with the latter. One Governor laid down the law that the colony was founded for the convicts, and that free immigrants had no busine ss there. His Excellency introduced a compendious classification of the inhabitants into convicted and unconvicted felons. Political asperities were now combined with the most demoralising social influences. There were scarcely any women in the colony. The men were, for the most part, brutal tyrants or felon slaves. In 1832 the population had increased to 46,000, but in the forty-fourth year of the colony's existence it had not become self-supporting. A Pandemonium in itself, it was threatening to convert all the islands of the South Sea into refuges for buccaneers. In almost every island of the Pacific were to be found one or two escaped convicts, imparting to the na tives the vices without the virtues of civilised society. From the English Government there was no help. The convicts had been got out of sight, and the " respectability" of England felt comfortable. A knot of benevolent one-idea e I enthusiasts, whose whole souls were engrossed with the abolition of the slave trade and negro slavery in the British. possessions, had made a lodgment in the Colonial office. Their contests with the West Indian plan ters inspired them with an aversion for all colo nists. Their sole aim seemed to be the establish ment of a mother•country despotism in the old colonies, and the prevention of the settlement of new. But there is a vis medicatrix in the healthy con stitution of English Society. The increase of free immigrants, and the horrors of an exclusively penal settlement, had brought into life a party in New South Wales which demanded the abolition of con vict transportation to that colony. About the same time the idea that emigration was a panacea for the evils of a redundant labouring population in. the old country had taken possession of the minds of some intelligent leaders of public opinion in England. From these two sources came motions in Parliament for committees of inquiry into the Transportation system, and associations to promote systematic colonisation out of doors. We have not time at present to enter into the details of the agitation of these subjects which pervaded the country and the Australian colonies from 1836 till the commencement of the late war. But its fruits appear in the news brought from Australia by the Royal Charter, and published in our yesterday's impression. In Australia there are now some half a-million of white settlers. There are six orga nised colonies (including New Zealand), with the prospect of a seventh being soon added at Moreton Bay. None of these are penal settlements except VanDiemen'sLand and Western Australia. One-half of the wool annually imported into Great Britain comes from our Australian colonies. Melbourne alone exports annually a hundred tons of gold to Eng land. Australia produces grain and cattle more than sufficient for its own consumption. A rising sea-borne traffic is carried on from the colonies to India, China, and the islands of the South Sea. Australia has its colleges, its schools, its infant, m anufactories, its museums, collections of paint ings, and theatres. Above all, it has got respons ible parliamentary government. Some relics of the original taint of the convict settlement may still be detected, but with every year they are be coming less. Something of the lawless spirit of the pioneers of the desert at time breaks out, but it is as nothing to what has been witnessed in Califor nia. With the same indomitable spirit of enter prise that characterises the North American ad venturers in now lands, the Australians combine much of the respect for law and order that charac terised the original settlers of New England. Our aged friend who saw the first batch of con victs set sail for " Botany Bay" will not survive to see Australia a great empire. But he has lived long enough to be favoured with a Pisgah glimpse of that consummation. The time when Australia will be severed from the parent state is yet distant, but come it must ; and then there will be a third great nation of English race to hold the balance between England and the United States. To the living men of England and Australia it is given to decide, in a great measure, what shall be the cha racter of this third nation. The old country's part in this great task is obvious : to leave to Australian energy to develop© Australian resources and frame Australian institutions, and to rest satisfied with supplementary efforts to aid the struggles of their brave countrymen at the Antipodes. What Aus tralia is it has become in spite of the thwarting and cramping influence of successive English Govern ments. What Australia is yet to become must be mainly the work of the Australians themselves, but let us hope that they will themselves enjoy the sympathising aid of the English Government, as they have all along done of the English people. And let us also keep in mind that the tentative improvement in our penal la , ,v—whe'i led to the first settlement in Australia—has as yet made very short and very slow progress. [AnvEansrmsr:]—Du Barry's delicious Revalenta Arabic I Food invariably restores health, without medicine, inconve nience, or expense, as it saves fifty - times its cost in other remedies, and removes indigestion (dyspepsia', flatulency, constipation, nervous, bilious, and liver com plaints, cough, asthma, consumpLion, and debility. We extract a few oat of 51,000 testimonials of cures, which had resisted all medicines. Cure No. 4,203. —Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with cramps, spasms, and nausea, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious food iu a very short time.—Rev. John W. Flavell, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk. From the Dowager Countess of Castlestuart.—Cure 5?,612.-11,osstrevor, County of Down, Ireland, 9th December, 1851.—The Dowager Countess of Castlestuart feels induced, in the interest of suffering huma nity, to state that Du Barry'sexcellent Revalenta Arabica Food has cured her, after all medicines had failed, of indigestion, bile, great nervousnessand irritability of many years' standing. This food deserves the confidence of all sufferers, and may be considered a blessing. Inquiries will be cheerfully answered. Supported by testimonials from the celebrated Professors of Chemistry Dr, Andrew Ure ; Dr. Shorland ; Dr Harvey ; Dr. Campbell; Dr. Gattiker ; Dr. Wurzer ; Dr. Ingram; Lord Stuart de Dceies ; the Dowager Countess of Castle stuart ; Major-Gen. Thomas King, and many other respectable persons, whose health has been restored by it, after all other means of cure had failed. Suitably packed for all climates, with full instructions. In canisters, 51bs., Ils, ;121b5., 225. ; super-refined, 1.1 h., 6s. ; 2lbs., lls. ; 51bs., 225. ; 101bs., 335. The 101bs. and 121bs. carriage free, ou receipt of poet-office ardor. Barry du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, London ; Fortnum, Mason, and Co., Purveyors to her Majesty, Picca dilly ; also at 60, Graceehurch-street ; 33) and 451, Strand ; 4, Cheapside ; 68, Cornhill ; 19, Bishopsgate-street ; 55, Char. ing-cross ; 54, Upper Raker-strut ; 63 end 157, street. Oxford. LADVER.Tis is m arr. 1 SMUT AND TIE A.li IND SPECTACLE., POWERFUL TELESCOPES, OPERA, RACE, AND PERSPECTI V K Gss.sszs.—Messrs. S. and B. eolomons, opticians, 39, Aliso marle-street, Piccadilly.' Observe—opposite the York Hotel. By tier Majesty's Royal Letters Patent for valuable and extraordinary improvements in the most powerful awl brilliant Telescopes, Camp, Racecourse, Opera, and Per. spective Glasses, to know the distances. These telescopes possess such extraordinary pokers that some three and a-half inches, with an extra esa -piece, will show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring, and the double stars. With the same 1 telescope can be seen a person's countenance three miles and a half distant, and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They are of larger andall sizes, with increasing powers accordingly.—Tie Royal Exhibition, 1851. Valuable, newly-invented ,very small , powerful waistcoat-pocket glass, the size of a walnut, by which a person can be seen and known 1i miles distant ; they answer every purpose on the race-course, and at the opera houses, country scenery, and ships are clearly seen at 8 to 10 miles. They aro invaluable for shooting, deer-stalking, yachting, to sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, and tourists. Opera, nice - course, camp, and perspective glasses, with wonderfn power. Newly-constructed Spectacle Lenses of the great est transparent power. The valuable advantage derived from this invention is, that vision becoming impaired is preserved and strengthened, and very aged persons are enabled to employ their sight at the most minute occu pation- - can see with these lenses of a much less magnify jug power—and they do not require the frequent change• I td the dangerous effects of further powerful assistance IPersons can be. suited at the most remote part of the world, by sending one of the glasses out of their spectacles in a letter, and stating the distance from the eyes they can read small newspaper print with it; and those whcr have not made use of spectacles by stating their age.—Deaf nessOrganic Vibrator,' an ex traordinary. New powerful,pisee U. — The small,nvfly-invent e d i ns t rumen t f er d ea f nes s, entirely different from all othe rs , to surpass any- Probably ever can be, producedt h i thing of the. Beingkind tohi.i. the hhase same bee n enO colour r as the skin, is not per ceptible ; it enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at church and at public asse mblies ; the unpleasant sensation of singing ! noises in the ears is entir el y removed • , and i *Cords all the 39 assistance that possibly could be desired.— , Albemarle street, Piocadilly. Observe.-oPPorsite the York Row. THIEVES AND' POLICE. The new number of the Quarterly Review contains a curious article entitled "Police and the Thieves." We give a few sentences : "The most trivial hint will suffice to put the detective on the right track; for, like men accustomed to work in the dark, things which to other persons appear invisible, to them appear clear as noonday. The gossiping ten dency of neighbours is especially useful in worming out secrets. To obtain a single link in a chain of facts they wil I often han g about aliousefor months, interrogating the newspaper lad, waylaying the servant girl as she goes for her supper beer, and picking all he wants to know out of her as easily as Hobbs picks a lock ; and with quite as little consciousness on the part of the person operated upon. Between the detective and the thief there is no ill blood. When they meet, they give an odd wink of recognition, as much as to say, on the thief's part, I'm quite sate, you know ;' and the detective replying with a look, of which the interpretation is, We shall be better acquainted by-and-bye.' Both feel they are using their wits to get their living, and there is a sort of tacit understanding that each is entitled to play his game as well as he can. Swell mobsmen may at once be recognised by a certain ultra-foppishness of dressing, and an excess of jewellery, whereas the aim of a professor of the conveying art' is to go about his occupation un observed, for to be known to the police is to be disap pointed of booty. He has his clothes made by the most correct tailor, and gets himself up as much a gentleman as possible. The necessities of his art., it is true, oblige him to carry a coat over his arm in all weathers, but so may any veritable man of fashion without creating suspicion. Still, though he may manage to pass free in a crowd and frequent fashionable assemblies with out being suspected by the public, the professed thief catcher is rarely to be deceived by appearances. As the hunter marks his quarry by peculiar signs known only to his craft, so the detective can at once ascertain whe ther the Tine gentleman walking carelessly along is wrong,' as the slang term is, or a respectable character. The principal sign, it seems, is the wandering of the eye. While those around are listening to a speaker, or wit nessing a spectacle, his orbits are peering restlessly around, and when the thief-taker sees this he knows his man. Pickpockets are essentially cowards, both morally and physically, and they generally come down at once to save trouble, as the opossums were wont to do when they spied that dead shot, Col. Crockett. "At the opening of the Crystal Palace, a party of de tectives distributed among the crowd observed several foreigners looking about them in a manner calculated to rouse their suspicions. These individuals were immedi ately taken into custody, notwithstanding their strong and vehement expostulations made in very good French ; it turned out that they were Belgian police, sent over at the request of our Government to keep a look-out on the mauclia suje's of their own nation. It appears that in stealing watches from the person the ring of the watch is :trenched off with the utmost ease, as the purchase upon it is very great ; and a police magistrate of large expe rience has suggested that the way to baffle that game is to make the ring work upon a swivel ; and anybody that adopts that idea in the manufacture of time pieces, and advertises accordingly, is likely to derive a tolerable stroke of business in anti-extractable tickers. Thee might be in scribed as Spoonere' by way of indicating, at once the place they came from, and the class of people they would be particularly useful to—namely, the Exeter-Hallites, for of all the varieties of the genus flat, there is none so soon lesoked by a London sharper as the genuine no- Popery man, and the season he is in finest condition is - during the May meetings. If these people escape the hustle on the hall stairs, they are waited on with more attention in the omnibus. They lodge or visit for the short period of their sojourn to town either at Is lington, elachans, or Camberwell, and the conveyances are followed by the fraternity as certainly as a sick ship in the tropics is followed by the sharks. "Omnibuses are generally worked by a man and a wo man. The woman seats herself on the right hand side of the most respectable looking female passenger she can see, and the men, if possible, takes a place opposite. He stares the victim out of countenance, and while confused by his impertinence, the pal, by the aid of a cloak thrown over her arm, or, if a man, by passing his hand through the pocket of his cloak, made open on the inside for the purpose, is able to rifle her pockets at leisure. If the victim be a middle-aged or elderly lady, her atten tion is engaged in conversation while the clearing-out process is going on ; the trick done, the confederates get out at the first convenient opportunity. Lately the run of thieves seems to be chiefly in the direction of the church, where they go, prayer-book in hand, and plunder almost with impunity. It is remarked that the dress of the females is perfect enough, but with them, as with most members of the swell mob, the finish is entirely on the outside. They have scarcely any edu cation, and the moment they open their lips they betray themselves. The shoplifters are thus frequently con victed out of their own mouths, as in the instance of a lady-like female not long ago asking for some " wallen cians,' which caused her to be watched, and presently she was detected secreting a •card of valuable lace. It also appears that the extent of pilfering carried on by ladies of rank and position is very great. There are per sons possessing a mania of this kind so well known among the shopkeeping community that their addresses and descriptions are passed from hand to hand for mutual security. The attendants allow them to secrete what they like without seeming to observe them, and after wards send a bill, with the price of the goods purloined, to their houses." FRENCH RAILIVAYS.—The letters from Paris mention that it has been calculated the revenues of the different French railways for the past half-year will yield, at pro sent prices, the following. rates of distribution : Northern, 5 8.10 ; Orleans, 5 7.10 ; Lyons, 5 8 10 ; Western, 5 1-10 ; and Strasburg, 8 3-10. In the latter company new stares have been issued which will participate in the whole receipts at the end of the year, and thus reduce the rate to a level with the others. The Essex Herald tells a story of an innocent man convicted. Some time since a man named Jackson was committed from this (Chelmsford) bench on the charge of breaking into a shoemaker's shop at Writtle, more than a year ago, and stealing nine pairs of boots from Mr. Saltwell, for whom he had before worked. The evidence appeared very conclusive. The policeman who stopped the thief, with the hoots in his possession, in Writtle, in the night soon after the robbery had -been committed, but from whom he escaped, swore very positively to him. Tim prisoner, however, asserted that he was at work in Buckingliarrn , hire at the time ; this he repeated at his trial at the recent assizes, but he was convicted. It has now been ascertained that the prisoner's story was correct. Mr. Woollard, a boot and shoe maker at Stony Stratford, in Buckinghamshire, stated that from June to September, 1855, the prisoner was in his service, work ing for him, and that during that period he was never absent for a whole day. As Stony Stratford is 81 miles from Chelmsford, and the robbery was committed on the 9th Aug., it was clear the prisoner was not the thief. The form of a free pardon will be necessary, and will probably be granted. THE NAVAL SQUADRON AT CORK The accounts from Cork this morning announce that the ships of war the Wellington, the Con queror gun-boat, and the Admiralty yacht Osborn, returned to Queenstown on Tuesday, after having cruised westward. to Bantry-bay. Their Lordships left their yacht to visit Killarney, and returned by the mid-day train on Wednesday. A number of the officials of Cork and Queenstown were to be en tertained that evening by their Lordships at the Queen's Hotel. THE REPORT OP THE DEP =1 RTMENT OF ,SCIENCE AND ART. The country is now beginning to reap some of the first rruits of the Great Exhibition of 1851. Previous to that period instruction in science and art had ebbed to an unusually low point. In 1840 the Society of Arts was reduced to such straits that it became doubtful whether it would long continue in existence. About this period, however, Prince Albert began to take active interest in its affairs and in the advancement of science, and from him and this body originated the Great Exhibition. which far surpassed the most sanguine expectations of its promoters, not only having been self-paying►, but leaving a large surplus to be devoted to the advance of science. By the impetus thus given, the Department of Science and Art was formed, under the direction of Dr. Lyon Playfair, and, considering the short time that it, has been in existence, the - results must appear to every one, who takes , an interest in the subject, as very encouraging. The third report of the working of this department gives full details of what has been done and what is in progress, and so various are the subjects on which it is engaged, and an quietly aro the affairs of this department managed, that a large portion of the public are in ignorance that such extensive scientific pursuits and series of instructions are being carried on. It may he well, therefore, to throw a light upon the question, so that those who are striving after knowledge may know where to look for it. First of all, then, under the direction of Sir R. Mur chison, Professor Ramsay, and Professor J. B. Jokes, a complete geological survey of Great Britain and Ireland is being carried on. During the year in England and Ireland 2.700 square miles of field work have been exe cuted. Portions of these surveys relate to the coalfields of the central counties, and include 127 miles of horizon tal sections, illustrating not only the known mineral wealth, but also the probable depth at which the coal bearing strata may be reached beneath the broad bands of red rocks which rest upon them. These surveys are printed in coloured maps, and their importance will be at once apparent to all. With reference to mines, it has been found advisable to institute a Mining Record Office, for the purpose of obtaining information of the state and productiveness of all the mines in the kingdom. The inspector has published as the result of his inquiries important statistical returns regarding the produce of tin, copper, lead, and silver for 1853 and 1854, and of iron, coal, and other minerals for the same period. From these returns it appears that the annual drain on our coal fields is about sixty-four millions of tons, a quantity much larger than was formerly believed to be the case. This is a very important fact, and will tend to lead to inquiries for new sources of supply. In connection with this department is the Metropolitan School of Science as applied to mining and the arts. This school gives syste matic instruction during the day to matriculated stu- dents, and short courses of lectures in the evening to the working classes. The subjects treated on are chemistry, physics, metallurgy, mining, mineralogy, geology, natu ral history, and applied mechanics. The average num ber of students during the year had been 86. This shows a considerable increase, and is, moreover, very gratifying, inasmuch as a considerable portion of the students in previous years consisted of officers both in her Majesty's and the East India Company's service, who have been unable, in consequence of the war, to continue their attendance. An evening course of lectures, intended chiefly for schoolmasters, but open to others, has been given during the pas year, and attended by 64 persons, of whom 17 were schoolmasters. The museum in Jermyn-street has been opened to the public for five days in the week, and the number of visitors during the year was 13,000. But of all the various offshoots of the department, those which are regarded with the deepest interest are the Training School of Art, and the Female Art School. The training school was founded for the teaching of mas ters to take charge of different provincial schools in the course of formation. It was felt that it would b im possible to find teachers qualified for the duties, without first making them real masters of their subjects. Of these 36 have obtained certificates for the first group of subjects, 7 for the second group, and 12 for the sixth. The subjects for which the students are examined in the different groups comprise elementary drawing and colour ing, painting, with examination in styles of art. Figures drawn and painted, modelling ornaments, and examination for technical knowledge in matters con nected with art. There are now added for the in struction of the training masters, classes for porcelain painting, wood engraving, lithography, textile orna ment, practical construction, and mechanical draw ing, which shall enable the masters to acquire that kno ededee which may render their services immediately available to the manufacturers of the town in which they are placed. It will be seen, therefore, that the course of instruction pursued is one sufficiently arduoes, and the examination calculated to adequately test the qualifications of the candidates. The necessity for schools of this kind has been long felt, as our manufacturers have hitherto been unable to compete with our neighbours the French in elegance and originality of design, owing to there being no proper course of instruction provided. To show how much has been done already since the training schools have been opened, it will suffice to state that 33 parochial schools are now taught drawing by the masters trained in the central school, and that 1,730 pupils have received instruction through their agency. The progress in drawing of the pupils of these parochial schools is highly satisfactory, as evinced by the examinations, 144 prizes having been awarded to them. The total number of children taught drawing in public schools through the agency of masters of Art Schools, amounted to 18,988, being an increase of 80 per cent. above the return of that year. Thus much as to the training schools. The report further makes some re marks as to the purchases made for the museum from the Bernal collection, and refutes the statements made at the time, that the curators of the British Museum and that of Ornamental Art hid against one another at that remarkable sale. Dr. Lyon Playfair states the sale of the Bernal collection having excited much interest, it was felt that 'he competition might induce larger prices to be given for the articles comprised in it than their intrinsic value warranted. Accordingly the whole col lection was examined by the art superintendent and the curator of the Museum, and the articles which it was de sirable to secure having been selected, the maximum values were fixed beforehand, and• except in a very few instances, no larger price was allowed to be given for them during the progress of the sale. The British Nluseutn being a purchaser as well as the Museum of Ornamental Art, a perfect understanding was established between the two museums, and the same agent was commis• stoned to bill for both institutions, so that in no case was the price raised by a common desire of two public bodies to possess the same article. These arrangements led to a fortunate result, for while the average price of the 720 lots purchased for Marlborough House amounted to 111. 75., the average price of the entire number of lots (4,294) were as much as 141. lls. Thus there is a direct denial of the report which at the time obtained such general credence. MYSTERIOUS MURDERS IN FRANCE. A wealthy inhabitant of Nantes, named Baudin, and a young woman named Legendre, who lived with him as servant, disappeared in December, 1851, and all at tempts to discover what had become of them proved unavailing. It was supposed that they had been mur dered, but the object of the crime did not clearly appear, as no robbery had been committed in the house which they occupied in the Rue Dobree. The affair naturally created an immense sensation, and strange reports of every kind in connection with it were in circulation. Amongst other things, it was said that the bodies of the two per. sons could be found buried in the garden of a respectable man, named M. L-- ; the authorities deemed it ne• cessary to search the garden, but nothing was disco vered. In December last (as reported in the illessimger at the time) a farmer named Lefudois was murdered in the village of St. Nicolas de la Taille, near Havre, and his house was robbed and burned down. It turned out that a man named Crochu had committed these crimes, and he was brought to trial for them bef ore th e Court of A.ssizes of Rouen in June last, was con victed, and condemned to death. As this man had lived at Nantes, where he had carried on the trade of a dealer in second-hand clothes, as he was of very bad character, and as he had had some transac tions with M. Baudin, t was thought likely that he might have been concerned in the disappearance of that gentleman and his servant. An application was accordingly made to him to confe ss if h e w e r e guilty ; but be said that though he knew a good deal, he would not speak, until his wife and her servant, a female named Maziere, who had been ar re-ted at Nantes on suspicion of having been con cerned in disposing of the goods which be had fit den at Saint-Nicholas, and who were detained in the prison of that city, were removed to Rouen. This having been done, he said that M. Baudin and his servant had been murdered on the 11th December, 1851, that lie bad taken part in the crime, that he knew where the bodies were buried, but that he would say nothing more unless tho heirs of M. Baudin would pay 30,000 fr. to his wife. The chaplain of the prison and other clergymen represented to him that a confession made under conditions would have no moral value, and exhorted him to tell the whole truth without any stipu lations. For some time he refused to do so ; but on Sun day last he said that he would reveal all. He then re lated that a M. L----, formerly a public functionary, living in the Rotate de Rennes at Nantes, who is possessed of some property, and who has for sometime past taken an active part in municipal affairs, had in December, 1851, promised him 10,000 f. to assist him in murdering M. Baudin and his domestic, On his accepting this V BANK B N S. An Account, pursuant to the Act seventh and eighth Victoria,, cap. 32, of the Average Amount of Bank - Notes of the several Banks of Issue in England and Wales, in Circulation during the Week ending Satur day, the 2d day of August, 1856 : Average PRIVATE BANKS. Amount. Andover Bank, Andover—Heath and Co. .. 12,356 Ashford Bank, Ashford—Jemmitt and Pomfret 11,770 Xylsham Bank, Aylsham—G. and T. Copeman 3,713 Aylesbury Old Bank, Aylesbury—Z. D. Hunt 33,195 BaldoA Bank and Baldock and Biggleswade Bank, Baldock—Wells, Ho g ge, and Co 27 ,102 Barnstaple Bank, Barnstaple—Marshall and Co 8,348 Basingstoke and Odiham Bank, Basingstoke—. Seymour, Lamb, and Co. Bedford Bank. Bedford—T. Barnard and Sons 33,032 Bewdley Bank, Bewdley Nichols, Baker, and Co , Bicester and Oxfordshire Bank and Oxford Bank, Bicester-41. M. and G. Tubb 13,534 Birmingham Bank, Birmingham —Attwoods, Spooner, and Co . 20,191 Birmingham and - W,arwickshire Bank, Bir mingham—J. L. Mosliet and Sons 8,895 Blandford. Bank, Blandford—Oak and Co. 7,320 Boston Bank, Boston —Gay-fit and Co 65,389 Boston Bank, Boston—H. arhi T. Gee and Co. 14,037 Bridgwater Bank, Bridgwatel'--J. and J. L. 7,524 Sealey Bristol Bank, Bristol—Miles, MilCs, and C 0... 35,724 Broseley and Bridgnorth and Brid6morth and Broseley Bank, Broseley—Pritcha?ds, Boy cott, and Co. .. Pas- Buckingham Bank, Buckingham — Bar tlett, rott, and Co. Bury and Suffolk Bank, Sudbury Bank, and Stowmarket Bank, Bury St. Edmunds Oakes, Bevan, and Co. ........... 69,011 Banbury Bank, Banbury Gillet, Tawney, and Co. Banbury Old Bank, 6 Banbury—Cobb ;and Son 24,74 Bath City Bank, Bath--G. Moger and. Son Bedfordshire Leighton Buzzard - Bank, Leighton Buzzard—Bassett, Grant, and Co Birmingham Bank, Birmingham—Ti iylor and Lloyds 29,490 Bradford Old Bank, Bradford, Yorks hire—H. A. and W. M. Harris and Co. Brecon Old Bank, Brecon—Wilkins aad Co 58,155 Brighton Union Bank, Brighton—Ha., ll , West, and Borrer Burlington and Driffield Bank, Burli: ngton— Harding, Smith, and Co Bury St. Edmunds Bank, Bury St. Edri iunds— J. Worlledge Cambridge Bank, Cambridge—Mortloci &Co Cambridge and Cambridgeshire Bank , Cam bridge—Messrs. Fos ters Canterbury Bank, Canterbury—Hammi md and 20,323 12,225 2,821 11,488 30,420 Co Carmarthen Bank, Carmarthen—David Morris and Sons Ch e rtsey Bank, Chertsey — La Coste at id Son 2,460 Colchester Bank, Colchester—Round d ; Green 16,337 Colchester and Essex Bank, and With am and Essex Bank, and Hadleigh, Suffolk , Bank, Colchester—Mills, Bawtree, and Cc ) • 34,493 Cornish Bank, Truro—Tweedy and Co Coventry Bank, Coventry—Little &W. )odcock 7,1G5 City Bank, Exeter—Milford and Co. Craven Bank, Settle--Alcocks, Birkbei .Iks,•and 69,268 Co Cardiff Bank, Cardiff—Towgood. and G o Chepstow Old Bank, Chepstow Bank Mon mouth Old Bank, Monmouth Bank, , Brecon Bank, and Ross and Herefordshir. a Bank, Chepstow—Bromage, Snead, and C o 9,080 Derby Bank, Derby—W. and S. Evat &Co 11,196 Derby Bank, Derby—Samuel Smith and Co 29,805 Derby Old Bank and Scarsdale and Hi gh Peak Bank, Derby—Crompton, Newton, s end Co Devizes and Wiltshire Bank, Devizes —Locke 25,23 7,610 10,032 and Co Diss Bank, Diss—Oakes, Fincham, a ,nd C 0... Doncaster Bank and Retford Bank, I )oncaster --Cooke and Co Darlington Bank, Durham Bank, and Stockton on-Tees Bank, Darlington—Backho use &Co 80,805 Devonport Bank, Devonport—Hodg e and Co 9,579 Dorchester Old Bank and Dorsetshi re Bank, Dorchester —R. and H. Williams East Cornwall Bank, Liskeard—Rol ,ins, Fos ter, and Co East Riding Bank, Beverley—Bower and Co Essex Bank and Bishop's Stortfc .rd Bank Chelmsford—Sparrow, Round, an( 1 Co 48,170 Exeter Bank, Exeter—Sanders and Co _ 26,648 Fakenham Bank, Fakenham—Gurni 3ys, Birk beck, and Co Farringdon Bank and Bank of Ward ,age, Far ringdon—Barnes, Medley, and Cc Farnham Bank, Farnham Messrs 1± :night Faversham Bank, Faversham—Hilto .n and Co Godalming Bank, Godalming—Me] lersh and 75,966 90,965 51,932 7,055 13,285 6,153 Keen Guildford Bank, Guildford—Messrs. Haydon.. Grantham Bank, Grantham—Hardy and C 0.., Hastings Old Bank, Hastings—Smith, Hilder, and Co. Hereford City and County Bank, B :ereford— Matthews and Co. Hertford and Ware Bank, Hertford— S. Adams and Co. Hull Bank and Kingston-upon-Hu 11 Bank, Hull, Smith, Brothers, and Co. Huntingdon Town and County Bank,l gunting don—Rust and Veaseys garwich Bank, Harwich—Cox, Cobb old, and 5,235 14,496 24,129 27,181 18,685 18,635 43,110 Co. Hemel Hempstead Bank, Hemel He mpstead —Smith and Whittingstall Hertfordshire, Hitchin Bank, Hit chin Sharples, and Co. Hereford, Ross and Archenfield Baz ik, and Ross and Archenfield Bank, He reford— Morgan and Co Ipswich Bank, Ipswich—Bacon and Go. Ipswich and Needham Market Bank, Suffolk, Hadleigh Bank, Manningtree and Mistley Bank, and Woodbridge Bank, lipswich Alexanders and Co. Kentish Bank, Maidstone--Mercer, Randall, and Co. Kington and Radnorshire Bank, liangton— Davies and Co. Knighton Bank, Knighton—Davies amd C 0.... Knaresborough Old Bank and Ripon Old Bank, Kna,resborough—Harrison and Co. Kendal Bank, Kendal—Wakefield, Crewdson, and Co. Kettering Bank, Kettering—J. C. Gotch and Sons Lane End Staffordshire Bank, Lane End—C. Harvey and Son Leeds Bank, Leeds—Beckett and C 0..... Leeds Union Bank, Leeds—W. Williams, Brown and Co. Leicester Bank, Leicester—Pagets and Kirby, Lewes Old Bank, Lewes—Molineux and Co , Lichfield Bank, Lichfield—Palmer and Greene Lincoln Bank, Lincoln—Smith, Ellison, and Co. Llandovery Bank, Lampeter Bank, and Lla,n dilo Bank, Llandovery—D. Jones and Co Loughborough Bank, Loughborough—Middle ton and Cradock Lymington Bank, Lymington—St Barbe and Co. Lynn E.egis and Lincolnshire Bank, Lynn Regis —Gurneys and Co. Lynn Regis and Norfolk Bank, Lynn Reois— Jarvisand Co ........................... . ........ Macclesfield Bank , Macclesfield.—Brocklehursi and Co. Manni ng t ree Bank, Manningtree—Nunn and Co. Marlborough Bank, Marlborough and Wilts Old Bank, Marlborough Old Bank, Marl borough Old Bank and nungerford Bank, and Hungerford Bank, Marlborough—Tan ner and Co Merionethshire Bank, Dolgelly—Williams aal Son Miners' Bank, Truro—Willyams and Co Monmouthshire Agricultural and Commercial Bank, Abergavenny—Bailey and Co Monmouth Cld Bank, Monmouth Bank, Bre con Bank, Chepstow Bank, Chepstow Old Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank, Monmouth—Bromage, Snead, and Co Newark Bank, Newark—Godfrey and Riddell Newark and Sleaford Bank, and Sleaford and Newark Bank, Sleaford—Handley, Peacock, and Co Newbury Bank, Newbury—Bunny & Slocock Newmarket Bank, Newmarket—Eaton, Ham mond, and Co Norwich Crown Bank and Norfolk and Suffolk Bank, Norwich—Harveys and Hudsons... Norwich and Norfolk Bank, Norwich—Gur neys and Birkbeck Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Bank, Not tingham, Hart, Fellows, and Co Nuneaton Bank, Nuneaton—Craddock and Co Naval Bank, Plymouth, Plymouth—Harris and Co. . New Sarum Bank, Sarum—Everett and Co Nottingham Bank Nottingham—Samuel Smith and C 0............................................... Oswestry Bank and Oswestry Ol , Os westry—Croxon and Co Oxford Oid Bank, Oxford—Robinson, Parsons, 'and Co. Old Bank, Tonbridge, Tonbridge and Ton bridge Wells Old Bank, Tonbridge and Ton bridge Wells and Sevenoaks Bank, Ten bridge—T. H. and S. Beeching Oxfordshire Witney Bank, Witney—J. W. Clinch and Co. Pease's Old Bank, Hull, the Hull Old Bank and Beverlay Bank, Hull—Pease and Co Penzance Bank, Penzance--Batten and Co Peterborough Bank and Oundle Bank, Peter borough—D. Yorke and Co. Pembrokeshire Bank, Haverfordwest—J. and W. Walters... Reading Bank, Reading—Simonds and Co Reading Bank, Reading—Stephens, Blandy, and Co. ' Richmond Bank, Richmond—Roper and Co ' Rochdale Bank, Rochdale—Clement, Royds, and Co. Rochester, Chatham, and Strood Bank, Roches ter—Day and Nicholson Royston Bank, Royston—Fordham and Sons Rugby Bank, Rugby—A. Butlin and Son Rye Bank, Rye--R. C. Pomfret, & Co ...... 5,745 16,965 35,732 22,221 19,60 S 68,3 13,488 23,445 3,174 9,949 8,895 5,364 53,192 37,881 23,785 26,431 83,305 20,663 ',156 3,650 35,022 .2,468 14,485 2,095 C )t3l t r rs!ar!::::, DERBY SZ fITHFIELD.-AL G. 12. There was a full average supply of fat beasts to day, with a flat demand ; the high price and the weather are both against slaughtering, in consequence of which several lots were driven aw ay untold. A large number of fat pigs. The supply of fat a nci store calves was not large, but equal to the uernand. r b i . T.t ; h to e pigs, •Os re the quotations :— Beef, 6d to 7d; lamb, 7d to 7.4 j d ; veal, 6.1 to -4 per Th f:l 6 l.li f uJ ,2 7 1 E ; 0(1 per score ; rough fat, 0; to psr 141 b. ; hided,. 41 to 4 d per lb ; calf-ski ns , sd. 61 ' per lb. GRAIN.—Auc. 13. We had a fair supply - of grain to-day. Wheat rose up- wards of 2s on last qu Jtations. Barley and beans back, and oats up. Wheat, on the top, 13L =Od up, and on the average 2s 4d up. Barley, Os 6d do wn on the top, and 4s id down on the average. Oats ( th, 9 top is 11 up—on the average, is '2 , 1 up. Beans of the top is 6d down—on the are rage , i s lid down. AVERAGEf I PER ISI7ERTAL QIURTER. Wheat 0 1-12th. Do. new Barley Oats Bans 0 0-12th. 4 4 12ths. 2 3-12ths. 2 It-12ths. BOS TON-AuG. 13 We had several pare€ Is of wheat. on offer, but scarcely any business was done ,: a few small selected samples were disposed of to needy mi tiers, at an advance of about 36per qr. on last week ; but ti 'iere was no inclination to purchmso under a firm impression that prices will shortly be consi , derably lower. Spring cc ru unchanged. The crops in this extensive agricultural district were never known to be better, both as respects quantity and quality. Prices :—Wbeat, red, 564 Od to 66s Od; white, 66s Od to 68s Od extra, 70s Od. Barley, —s Od to —s Od. Oats 20s to 28s. Beans, 45s (1d to 48s Od. Peas, to —s Od. per qr. NEWARK--AUG. 13. We had a thin attendance to-t.lay, and very little busi ness was done. Wheat, white 72s to 765, red Ms to 728; barley, malting. —8 to —B, grindinr , 38s to 40s; oats, 24st. 348 to 365, 22st, —s to -s ; beans, 46s to 503 ; malt, 708 to 72s ; peas, 413 to 483; tares, —s to per qr. LOCAL SHAPE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, AUGUST 14. STOCK EXOELANGE.—This market was rather active to-day, and many of the leading stocks have been excht sively dealt in, especially Lancashire and Yorkshire, at improved prices, closing steadily. Caledonian, 29A 8 i — Eastern Counties, 9 1.9. East Lancashire, 21-Dutch Rhenish, 2; p.—South Eastern, 22) i—Midland, 841-' Lancashire and Yorkshire, 93 $ 4—London and North Westerns, 108—Great Western of Canada, new, 2i p. South Australian Copper, 1. BERMINGHAM, AUGUST 14. STOOK EXOHANGE.—The market was more active in business to-day, and prices of railway Ebares were firmer. North Staffortls, 13—Birmingham and Derbys, 54r' Birmingham New Union Mills, 3.6.3.—L0nd0n and North Westerns, 107 i—London and South Westerns, 109 I• MANCHESTER, AUGUST it. STMT. EXOHANGE.—The market to-day has been firmer. The following are the transactions :—Caledonians, 28 South Eastern and Dovers, 22 9-16—Midlands, 841- - Leeds, 936—Blackburn, Bs—Lancashire Insurance, p• Great Westerns, 646—Manchester and Salford Bang, 5} p.—Rhenish Mines, 4 d. LEEDS, AUGUST 14, - STOCK EXCHANGE. —The market doing a fair businesq• Midlands, 84 's—North Eastern, Leeds, Qrs., 34 prem. -- ; North Western, 6.l6.6.—Lancashire and Yorkshire, 9 8 ; North Eastern, Leeds, 18g. 82ABORNE MAILS. ;kt dignifies that the math. are seat trom the General Poet-off' .y the night—and M by the morning—despatch.) Gay wlten m &It, , p Frow ~,,,,,, yfrptv t.:',0C , 2TR1,r , . 'l4 Gonera rem - - Por - due 111 Office, London.* 'Asp ~ . te, . .. Eo. , *a n ' ... km , n•ica(byßrit .pae.l4.' b kinerica. (by Untt od S:* ,7very Frldr , .7 .. ~ Liverpot,' , .. Weekll Every Tuesday .. Bouthani2ltyn Weald/ & tupacket) (by U. i3l it . i li a packet) ........N .• ...• ••• Liverpoc2 •.. Australia (via Liver- 0 pool) ............ In 4th and 19th .... Liverpool 'Twice „.....,.... Dover Ditto (via Marseilles) b Ditto (via Cape of Good Hope) ....•• •• ..••N .. • • ... Mier"' s o. Africa (West Coast) b 13d of the month• .. Ply Mouth 6th of 0 ,,. Alexandria..........N 10th et 26th of If O. Dover ......12d * l9 r., Alexandria ..........M ttit Sc 20th of moii. Southampto 41k 21 el a. Bahamas ........... AI 17th of the month Southamptt nll6th Belgium ~..........N Daily_ _ _ _ .. ~ Dover ...... a.. 1 y Brazil ..............M 9th of the month.. Southampton t t th. Buenos Ayres _ .... „al oth of the !matt . Southampton 16th I , Cape of Good Hope ..24 U ncer tain Capo of Good Hope .. /4 fon of tr, ', too th Southampton 16th of Case de Verde ...N , h a l ... ° Ceylon (see India) 10 th and 26th 141,c 99 9 w , g Ceylon ..............E 4 th and 2o th Channel Tales „ ......i: vi..,•.., o e.i.,ect. r t Southamp en Tu.Tn...? Chili.... .. • • ..M. 2,1 2c 17th of month Southamp on 1 suld. l.;', China .... . Constantinople .... —I: , i oth and 26th.... Dover ...... 2 and ; 7 4 Constantinople Cont. of Europe M & N Twice daily .. ~, .. Dover ....... Twice Egypt (see India) ___,,..daill France ........ M& 24 Twice dai1y ...... Dover ... ... Tw'n, 20. Gibraltar ...... ..M 4, 7,17 , 20, 27 *fm Southamp• on, 6, 7, "" Greece (see India) Greytown .......... hi and & 17th of mon. Southampt, 1 an 16 4§ Ramburgh .. .... ....N iDailv .. London ...',.../DallY _, Havannah .......... M 2nd of the mooth Southamp,.l.lst 0 1 a' Holland ............M Daily... ...... ... Dover ...., .. Daily Honduras ..........M 17th of the month. Southampton 16th, 2 1 0 India (viaSouthampt.)M 4th ~, c 20th of mon. Plymouth .. 4 an:' , 4 0 India (via Marseillos)Mlloth&2 6 th of moth Dover ...... 15 -'' ' lonian fees (see India)!.. • . •• . . , . Dover.... • • Ireland ........31 & N I Twice daily Holyhead ... Lisbon ...... 11 2d o' ~ o . • Southamptot 16 Madeira ~ ~ ,•.....• 31 9th of Mon , 0... Madeira ........ —l4 234 of month Malta (see India) 21 26 Malta ...............N 4, 10, 20, and 26 Dover ... ... 4, 15, ' Mauritius (see India) A II Mauritius ..........N 20th of the month 4th an ffioxioo ..M 2nd of the month., ,se t ah am pt,, Ist Naples ..............N Daily i i • ll 2, o u v t e i f am .. .......... Twice a month .. 'Various New Granada ......34 24 & 17thof M.in; A 16 New Zealand Papal States .... • ....11 Daily •• Peninsula ........ • .14 ... Southarnptor Peru ..............31 2d & 27th of mon. Southampt( n Ist * l6O Port Natal ...... ~../i By private ship... Various ports Sten,' ~............14 Every Saturday.. Dover .. .. Weekly Tascany ...........N Daily...—. .. .. • • Dover .... Venezuela ..........M 2d& 17th ofmonth ioutham ' • 1 a 161 0 pion Van Diemen's Len d (see , Australia) ...... , 4thof . . mon ... .. iMontblY West Indies •• .. , ..M it'. ~ . i,r, ~. ~, , ,,,,,o Southampton!' d l6 and 1 p ort Pir: 'ls t an_ 16th °+ Is& 92 '"g 4th & cu.Tn•'? L ' I and 4 and 2 and 17 1 and 4 mice cl P '' , 44 Tvrica dsill 6,7, 24 ' 2" and +" flat ot IDO Daffy 16th 0 4 and 21 0 15. e& 29 e• When any of these dates fall on a Snnday, the malls will be cf , snatched on the following day. with the exception of the Indio ' t o r ,, onthampton), and the Malta, both of which will be desrech e° preceding day , THE MEDITERR ANNAN SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH.", appears that the following despatch, sent on Tuesea/ afternoon by the engineers and agents of th e Medit, e rf ranean Submarine Telegraph Company in the islarg", Sardinia, to their office in London, that the tempel li n if check they have sustained in the accidental breakieg, h - 0 the cable, which was announced by a message from t ot English Consul at Cagliari, dated last Saturday, is 13 t r likely to interfere seriously with the success of th e ' important operation :—" Bonifacio, Aug. 12, 2 45 1 11 •, °1 ; —We are at Bajadi Chia, and have commenced raisi n ,7, the cable, with the intention of continuing our route " f Algeria. The French officers share with us the hope ° a fortunate issue. Everyihing is ready." , NEW LORD MAYOR'S COURT.— Although tne — ° „ f t Mayor's Court has existed for many centuries as e°",• of law, there has never yet been a fixed court apprO r ; ated to the trials of actions brought in it. In coo s % quence of the inconvenience felt by the judges in be l l, shifted about from courts to council chambers and C ( - I mittee rooms, and the difficulty suitors and witne ss ; felt in finding where the sittings were held, the corpe r 0 tion has decided on building a new court. Worlteleo are now busy in laying the foundation of the building. It is situated at the west end of Guildb r ; and occupies that part wh e re th e kit c hens I° 4 merly stood. The entrance is to be from G u ildhall, A", the offices that were formerly the comptroller's Of will in future be attached to the court. It is in conte °l ; plation to make an entrance into the priv a t e room of lu h . ; Martin, the chief clerk of the justice room, with view of using that as a retiring room far the jury as "; : i n casion may require. As this court sits but seldom, i b re at very irregular intervals, it might be used as a jes t i o room when not required for its own trials. Suck o f arranger:dent would be very desirable, as the noise carriages frequently interrupts the business of *the P rr sent police court. BIRTHS. OF A SON. On the 13th inst., the wife of John Elliott • Fox ill" Esq., solicitor, of Finsbury-circus. o f On the 13th inst., the wife of John Louch, ESCP) Stauchester House, Drayton, Somerset. OF A DAUGHTER. o f -!" On the 11th inst., the wife of John Tattersall, Bog. , 35, On Canonbu-square, I slington. the 13th ry inst., at 97, Cambridge street, l'irarwi ciga square. Pimlico, the wife of Mr. William Arnold. MARRIED. On the 14th inst., at Christ Church, St. Pancras, IP ri b Thring, Esq., of Lincoln's-inn, barrister, to Elizabet' youngest daughter of the late John Cardwell, Esq. On the 14th inst., at the parish church, Tottenb a : Laundy, only son of Stephen Walters, Esq., of the On lands, Reigate, and late of Tottenham, to Marcia, th ir daughter of Edwin Hill, Esq., of Bruce Castle,Tottenh Oo ► and Inland Revenue, Somerset-house. DIED. On the 13th inst., st Harpenden, John Wyatt, Pl e !, Senior Bencher of the Inner Temple, and Attorney -Gap ral for North Wales, aged 94. e 0 On the 14th inst., at 122, Leadenball-street, Char' Edward, infant son of C. W. Howell, Esq. On the 13th inst. a t Bishopgate, Windsor Great PO 16 Win. Heron Mendl:arn, Esq., aged 89. On the 13th inst., at Ixworth, Suffolk, Mr. Join 0- 01 smith, aged 68. On the 13th inst., at 127, Cambridge-street, pirolic°l W. P. Stevens, Esq., aged 46. On the 12th inst., at Bath, Sarah, wife of S. C. Pric e / E sq. On the Bth inst., at Boulogne-sur-Mer, Lucy, widoW Lieut.-Col. Sir W. Young, %rt., of Bainehorong h Cast les co. Cavan, Ireland. At Brussels, Isaac Goodman, Esq., aged 85. LONDON : Printed a n d P u bli shed b y MUR DO -NO of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Mee, •` 1 '"; 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the eon" of Middlesex, Friday, August 15, 106. 5,896 16,980 24,450 15,442 21,325 45,106 18,908 17,712 46,582 90,330 9,977 2,875 20,880 9,051 29,802 .0,125 31,509 7,890 0,851 46,829 10,560 9,13; 11,469 33,017 30,003 6,143 4,545 7,877 13,786 10,262 11,643 11' ,~' r ~~,. ,~"` .f .I~'. 1.. ~ 1 I .,et