The Sun. — London, England, 1856-04-30 00:00:00

- add something to the weak, to see if it might not be pos sible to - arrive at a correct conclusion. In the first place, he thought there was a good deal of mystification which ought to be cleared away. He would remind the house that not one or two, but three years ago, he ventured to bring the question of the importance of providing for the de fence of Asia Minor under their attention, and so fre quently, that he almost feared he was becoming that most unpopular of Parliamentary characters , a "bore." He had always Silt that the defence of Asia Minor was of great importance, for two reasons. In Europe, Turkey, though exposed to Russian attacks, would be succoured by allies, and by a power which, if not an ally, would neverthe less be very indisposed to see Russia occupying any por tion, of the Turkish European territory. But the Asiatic frontier of Turkey was completely exposed, aid there was a Christian population in the surrounding districts, and even in the Turkish territory, which might easily be acted upon by Russia. Then the army of Turkey in Asia Minor was ill orga nised, in arrear of pay, and badly officered ; and there were most unfortunate divisions between General Guyon and the Polish officers, which threatened much mischief —(he bore testimony to the gallantry and great ability of Gen. Guyon, from whom he had some accounts of what had hap pened in Asia Minor recently, which if he had not known that they were written two years before the events they prophesied occurred, he should have supposed had been written two days ago.) But the frontier might have been defended, the passes might have been guarded without dif ficulty, and Kurdish troops might have been raised as light cavalry, who would have proved formidable oppo nents to the Russian cavalry ; and if there had been any resin)* for crossing the frontier and attacking Russia in her Asiatic possessions it might have been done, and the popu lation of those territories which, though belonging to her by comparatively recent acquisition, were not favourable to Russia, would be ready to rise against her. He had from the commencement, therefore, thought some action might be brought to bear on that part of the Turkish do minions. That was still his opinion. He did not, how ever, agree with hon. gentlemen opposite that if Kars and Erzeroum had been taken the road to Constantinople would have been open. That was not the plan of Russia. What Russia would have done would have been to occupy the plateau, and conquer the provinces to the south of Kars, which she would easily have done, and set those conquests against ours made in the Crimea and elsewhere. This might, he believed, have been accomplished; and unless much greater energy had been shown by the Govern ment:than they had exhibited we should have been exposed, had the , war continued, to these dangers. The second reason wilts IA regarded the Asiatic frontier as important was, that though he deprecated the notion thatan invasion of India by Russia was an easy matter, and though be thought it impolitic to dwell on such questions, still he had no doubt, if Russia had succeeded on the Asiatic frontier of Turkey, she might have given us some trouble in India. He did not think it wise to encourage the notion that a Russian invasion of India was practicable, for several reasons. First, because that notion was not founded upon any sound basis ; secondly, beCause it gave to other European powers the excuse of saying, " This is merely an English question." (Hear, hear.) He was astonished to hear the Chancellor of the Ex chequer say that the fall of Kars was not important politi cally. Not only was it politically important to us in its im mediate results, but the success of Russia at Kars would be long felt ii those distant Asiatic provinces to our prejudice. It would be remembered by those wild tribes which bor dered upon India, and which were at war with Russia ; and those Asiatic provinces in her hands, we might expect to be a continued annoyance to us in our Indian possessions. That was the reason why he attached importance to the fall of Kars. Though General Williams had been treated with every kindness by the Russians, they would nevertheless take care to publish the fact amongst those Asiatic tribes that they had captured a strong fortress commanded by an English general, and that that general was a prisoner in their hands. These were the reasons why he attached importance to Kars and to Asia Minor, (Hear, hear.) He had appealed to the other side to help him ; and if they had does so they might have compelled the Government to take another course, or they might even have strengthened their hands. They would have enabled the Government to have gone to France and to have said, this is what the Eug lish public expect. Had they done so there could be no doubt that the Emperor of the French, who was so well acquainted with the influence of public opinion in this country, would have listened to their views. But he had appetled.to the lion. and learned gentlemen opposite in vain ; and yet now the hon. and learned member (Mr. Whiteside) came down and made a war speech. The position of au independent member resem bled that of a dog on a race course—he was shouted at and pelted by both sides ; but when the race began the party who saw their favourite horse losing whistled to him to come over and trip up their opponent's steed. (Laughter.) With the single exception of the Earl of Ellenborough in another place, he had never heard a word about Kai s from gentlemen on the other side, when he made his speech about Kars. Why did not the hon. and learned gentleman make the speech he had delivered the previous night two or three years ago ? He was afraid that there was a greater desire, in some quarters, to beat the Government than to beat the Russians. Had the dangers arising from Russian ascendancy in Persia been removed by the Peace ? They had not ; and yet if he were to make a speech against the treaty on Monday, would hon. gentle men who were so warlike support him ? The greater part of the hole. member's (Mr. Whiteside) speech was directed against Lord Aberdeen's Government ; but the relevancy of that argumente:on the present occasion, was not so obvious. If, indeed, the hon. gentleman had pressed the point, that Lord Clarendon, though a member of Lord Aberdeen's Go verment, was still the Minister for Foreign Affairs, his rea soning might have been sound ; but the lion. member had carefully cut away the ground from under his feet by saying that whenever he mentioned Lord Clarendon he meant Lord Aberdeen. (Hear.) What charge, therefore, could be bring against the present Government? (Hear.) All that which he called the misconduct of Lord Stratford at Constantinople had taken place before Lord Aberdeen went out ; and the hon. gentleman had been careful to say that after the recon ciliation between Lord Stratford and Gen. Williams, the con duct of the noble lord had been most praiseworthy. He (Mr. Layard) felt himself placed in a delicate' position when speak ing of Lotel Stratford.) He owed the noble lord a great deal. He looked upon him as a most valuable public servant. He was most indefatigably industrious, was more acquainted with Turkey than any other man living, and had done great things for it. It was unfortunate that the noble lord should have left General Williams as he did ; but when be consi dered the immense amount of business the ambassador at Constantinople had always to transact, he thought that more had been made of his leaving the letters of General Williams unan s wered than was necessary. Lord Ponsonby, he believed, never read a single despatch from one of his agents. (Hear, hear.) The noble lord's neglect to get General Williams acknowledged had undoubtedly been a great error, as Lord Stratford had himself acknowledged ; but lie thought they had, on the whole, handled Lord Strat ford more severely than he deserved. Nor had the hon. gen tleman treated well two gentlemen, whom by the bye he had rolled into one—Count Pisani and Mr. Etienne Pisani. Count Pisani had been thirty years at the head of the Chancery at Constantinople, and ho had discharged his duties admirably. Mr. Etienne Pisani was a dragoman, and they had both been taunted with not conveyingmessages to the Porte in the same vigorous terms as those in which they were originally de livered. He (Mr. Layard) did not think that that was faer, fir he did not believe either of those gentlemen would soften the terms of that which they were desired to translate. Of that he had a proof not very complimentary to himself. He remembered going with Lord Stratford to the Sultan, and the noble lord made a flowery oration, of which he (Mr. Layard) was the subject. Mr. Pisani, however, summed up the whole story with, " Your Majesty, this is the man who has dug up old stones," (Laughter) The hon. gentleman talked about the Government having given the cowardly advice to abandon Kars. Now, it was his (Mr. Layard's) opinion that it was a mistake to defend Kars at at all. Kars was not on the high road, and whereas the object of a fortress was to enable a small army to resist the march of a large one, the whole Ottoman army was shut up in Kars. There was a strong line of country upon which the Turkish army should have fallen back, and on which they might have defied every attempt of Russia to force their position. Gen. Mouravieff had once at tempted to carry that chain of hills, and though it was defended by a small handful of men, he was defeated in his design. On the other band, Kars had undoubtedly stopped the advance of the enemy. Gen. Williams was a military man, and he was on the spot. He was, perhaps, therefore right, but, at all events, it was a strategetical question, and the advice to abane don Kars did not necessarily involve cowardice. (Hear.) With respect to the relief of Kars there had bees a most in genious mixing up of dates. Teem wore only two ways of relieving Kars, one by way of Trebizond and Erzeroum, the other by Redout-Kaleh and Kutais. At first the proper thing to have done would have been to have advanced by both routes; sending the light troops by Batoum and the heavy by Trebizond. At that time Moura.vieff was not besieging Kars; he was blockading it, and his troops must have spread over an area of at least twenty miles. As soon as he heard that reliefs were arriving he would have been compelled to con centrate, and then the garrison would have escaped, and lie might have bean attacked on both sides. B. .t that opportu nity was lost. The only way that was then left of saving Kars was by making a diversion. There was only one place at which a diversion was possible, and that was on the side of Kutais. Every military man expected that that would have been successful ; but Mouravieff knew the country better than we did, and it was a striking proof of his ability that he still held on the siege. To that trait of military skill he owed the success of his operation. (Hear.) With regard to Omer Pacha, he +Mr.- Layard) regretted the language-which had been Used. Omer Pacha was a man of great experience and military capacity; and if anybody had come out of the war with credit it was he. (Loud cheers.) One point in the speech of the hon. gentleman (Mr. Whiteside) had at first, he confessed, ma d e a great impression upon him, namely, his remarks upon Lord Panmure's answer to Lord Ellenborough ; but after mature reflection he had come to the conclusion that Lord Panmure waeright. When Lord Panmure was asked the question in August last, he replied that the Turks at Kars were able to defend themselves. But if Lord Panmure had stated the fact, and said that the garrison had not a month's provisions, would he not have encouraged Mouravieff to per severance in his efforts against the city ? (Laughter, en 1 derisive cheers.) He thought that the origin of all the evil must be attributed to Lord Aberdeen. (Laughter, and de risive cheers.) Lord Aberdeen was wrong in the principle which he had adopted. His first consideration ought to hare been the defence of Asia Minor. He might have raised 70,000 or 80,000 men in the Princi p alities h ad he not been Impeded by Austria; and it wa s from the u nhappy policy which bad placed him in that position that all the subsequent evils had resulted. The noble lord might have also acted upon Georgia and Circassia. ; but he had acted upon neither one nor the other. To Circassia he had sent a most unfit agent, as he (Mr. Layard) had stated at the time. We could not do that last spring : it was too late then to undertake a real campaign in Asia. He now came to the faults of the present Government ; for he would be strictly impartial, and see on whose shoulders the blame really rested. He blamed the present Government for several things. First, with re • gard to the question of the loans. There was no doubt the Turkish Government was badly supplied with money. The 'explanation of the Chancellor of the Exchequer did not re move from his mind the impression that the Government were to blame. Had General Williams been supplied with money, he Could have done wonders ; he could have pro cured baggage-waggons, troops, and whatever was necessary. The Government was to blame for not placing at his disposal unlimited credit. If he could only have gone into the market place, and said, " Hero is a bill upon the English ambassador at Constantinople," his position would have been secure at once ; he would have had any number of muleteers and any amount of provisions. (Hear, hear.) The next point ou which he blamed the Government, for it was the great cause of the disasters of the war, was the mischievous interference of the War-office in militarymatters. Having a telegragh to the Crimea, it was kept constantly going o rdering this or the other to be done, and st o ppi ng th a t. It was monstrous —it was ridiculous. (Cheers.) They made their generals mere puppets. (Hear.) Was it to be supposed that a bili ous kind of person at the War-office could understand mill tars, matters as well as persons who had been brought up in the service, and besides had the advantage of being on the spot, 'flowing their resources, and being acquainted sr ith huh of things which a person not there could not know! An ins nee of the evil of this was afforded by the unfortt:. nate Turkish contingent, which was sent here and there, and backwards and forwards. It was natural for Lord Stratford to ask what he could do with these contradictory orders. In that point the Government WAS to Diann. Mother naferte. THE SUE, LONDOIC WEDNESDAY EVENING, APRIL 30, 1856. nate thing was our treatment of the Turks. Let the house conceive the position of General Williams. Suppose our am bassador at Paris had been instructed to procure an order to be sent out to the French general, saying, " You must dis miss General Bosquet or General Canrobert," the thing could not have been tolerated for a moment. There was no doubt Lord Stratford was placed in a difficult position. He had a groat political question to work; he had great concessions to ob tain from the Turkish Government ; and the house must re member that it would have very much impeded his policy and weakened his influence if he had kept continually going to the Turkish Government, saying, " You must dismiss) P ac ha This or Pacha That." (Hear, hear.) He meant not to say that these men were not most culpable ; but the posi tion of our ambassador and of the Turkish Government must be taken into consideration. Though he had felt strongly on the subject of Kars on reading this blue-book, he thought that Lord Clarendon was not much to blame. He had exer cised considerable energy and forethought, and had exerted himself to do as much as he could for General Williams. He might not have taken the right line in all cases, but that he meant to do it no one could doubt. (Hear.) He (Mr. Lay arc!) might on many occasions have gone against the feeling of the house in the course he had taken, but he appealed to the house to do him the justice to saythat he had never given a factious vote. He should not give one now. He thought that the charge made by Mr. Whiteside was far too wide. (Hear.) To charge the fall of Kars solely on the want of fore sight and energy of tie British Government alone was most unfair. No notice whatever was taken of France ; after all, France might have had some share in the fall of Kars. (Hear, hear.) Had this motion bee n drawn up in different terms he might have supported it. I That the Government had bad faults he confessed. He charged them with them ; they knew his feeling on the subject ; but he felt that he could not vote for this motion without violating his conscientious feeling. (Hear.) Mr. MAGUIRE said be stood there as an independent member, and he could stand up and speak the truth. (Great laughter.) He would speak the truth without any reserve or mental reservation whatever. (Laughter.) He thought that Mr. Layard had struck a fatal blow at his character by the speech he had just made. In the eyes pf the country Lord Stratford de Redcliffe was the great offsa der. One word as to Lord Aberdeen and the Duke of Newcastle. For the Duke of Newcastle he entertained no personal respect what ever. (Laughter.) But the despatch of the Duke of New castle was much better than the contemptible one written by the hon. gentleman, Mr. Peel, which was a disgrace to the Government from whom it emanated. Mr. Layard had at tempted to acquit Lord Stratford altogether. (" No, no," from Mr. Layard.) The hon. member said that Lord Stratford had been toe heavily dealt with. By whom ? The country woulduot speak with that delicate and oriental reserve which Mr. Layard u-ed. (Laughter.) He bore the most unmiti gated respect—(great laughter)—for General Williams ;ho had set an example to all the generals of the Crimea ; he was the great hero of the age, and he would have been the saviour of Kars but for the misconduct of Lord Stratford. Lord Stratford had the power of doing service in Kars had he given his countenance and support to General Williams in time. He charged Lord Stratford de Redcliffe with not doing his duty in this respect. Well, then, they could not sufficiently admire the heroism of General Williams and the other offi cers who surrounded him, and that they ought not to adopt the language of honourable gentlemen who said that Lord Stratford de Recicliffe's not sending them relief was only unfortunate. Lord Stratford de Redcliffe was unworthy of the position that he held. If he had the power why did he not exercise it ? Where was the power that used to strike ter ror into the Sultan's heart, and into the heart of every Eng lishman in the East ? Why was it not exercised in support of men who would have triumphed if they had been worthily supported ? Sir W. HE ATHCOTE said the position of this question had been so changed this evening, that he hoped the house would bear with him a few minutes while he stated the reason why he thought they should adopt the amendment of his hon. friend the member for Berkshire, rather than vote for the affirmative or the negative of the motion of the hon. and learned member for Enniskillen. In the early part of the evening the hon. and learned member for Leominster moved an amendment, and directed their indignation against Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, but he subsequently withdrew that amendment, and upon that his hon. friend the member for Berkshire moved his amendment, which in effect was the previous question. He was unwilling to vote, if he could avoid it, a strong censure on the,subject, because ho was not aware how far the unfortunate event was or was not attended by important consequences, and the argument of the Chan cellor of the Exchequer was that no damage was done. Then he thought that in a war conducted as this was, with alli ances, and with numberless complications, the result of those alliances, there was great difficulty, and he was willing, if possible, to treat the Government with generosity. Ho would rather abstain from It, for the reasons he had stated, and also because the question was mixed up with reflections on our allies. And, lastly, he thought the vote would be mis taken. If the hon. and learned gentleman's resolutions should be negatived it would go out to the country that many, who in point of fact agreed with him, did not do so, because they would vote on the ground he bad indicated. If he was called upon ae a juryman to pronounce a verdict of guilty or not guilty, he should give his verdict of guilty. Mr. WARNER, who spoke amid repeated cries for a divi i sion, referred to Lord Stratford, and said no censure could be too strong for his reckless and heartless inhumanity to wards General Williams and those brave men shut up in Kars. No parallel to his conduct could be found except in the pro ceedings of some of those high military authorities who had been honoured and loaded by favours because they sacrificed our army in the Crimea by their incapacity and stolid presump tion. He trusted that the attack now made on the Govern ment would be repelled by an overwhelming majority. The motion was a most unjust one, and it was brought forward at the very time when the news was received of the ratifica tion of an honourable peace achieved by the Minister against whom the hon. and learned member for Enniskillen now directed his blow. Mr. Sergeant SURE next addressed the House, though there were numerous calls for Sir B. Lytton, who rose at the same time. The hon, and learned gentleman applauded the noble lord at the head of the Government for the courage and vigour with which ho had prosecuted the war at a time when the brows of the nation were contracted with doubt and woe ; and ho urged him to throw over the amendment, and to insist upon a decision on the main question, feeling confident that that decision would result in a triumphant vindication of the policy which the Government had pur sued. (Hear, home) Sir B. LYTTON moved the adjournment of the debate. (Loud el.' es of " No, no !" and "Divide !" from the Minis terial side of the House.) Lord PALMERSTON—I cannot help expressing my sur prise at the motion which has just been made. (Cheers from the Ministerial benches.) The subject has now been discussed for two nights. (Hear, hear.) The house must have pretty nearly made up its mind upon it ; and though there may be members still left of sufficient talent to adorn the subject, and whose researches migkt, no doubt, be useful as guides to the house, yet upo/i. every occasion of a great and important debate it is impossible that every man who may be entitled to speak should have an opportunity of doing se. (Loud cheers.) The decision of the house, I am sure, as it is to bo collected from the expressions of hon. members, is that we ought to night to come to a decision upon this question. (Renewed cheering.) I can quite understand that that party who have in another place shrunk from this motion, daunted evidently by the speech of the mover of this resolution, may wish to shrink and escape from .a division here also. (Cheers.) We will not lend ourselves to such invitations. We are hero prepared to sit till the latest hour of the morning to which our discussions can extend. (Cheers.) I will take the sense of the house to-night ; and I have no hesitation whatever in expressing my conviction that the result will be the rejection by a large majority of the motion of the hon. and learned member for Enniskillen. (Cheers.) Mr. DISRAELI- I myself came down to the house in the hope and expectation that a division would have been taken on the mo'ion of my hon. and le trned friend to-night ; but, after the amendment of the hon. gentleman opposite, I saw directly that there was a new feature introduced into the debate—(" Oh, oh !" from the Ministerial side of the house) —and that there was less chance than I could desire of the division taking place to-night. (Renewed cries of " Oh !" and ironical cheering from the Ministerialists.) Let me recall the attention of hon. gentlemen who treat this point with so much levity to what is the real cause of our not dividing to night. It is that gentlemen put forward amendments on, the paper without due reflection and without intending to act upon them. (Cheers from the Opposition and " Oh, oh !" from the Government side of the house ) This course of proceeding disturbs the mind of the house, and prevents that arrangement of debate which it is by mutual consent conve nient generally to adopt. It is notorious to everybody that if the hon. and learned member for Leominster had not given notice of an important amendment—which it appears now that he never intended to bring forward—my hon. friend the member for Dorsetshire !would yesterday have brought for ward his amendment; we should then have had the questions fairly before the house ; they would liar° been discussed, and we should have divided to-night. I think. therefore, that the tone of the noble lord is not authorised by what has occurred. The position iu which we find ourselves is en tirely attributable to one of his own supporters having given notice of an important amendment which, as it appears, was not made in any spirit of seriousness, and which has led ano ther gentleman now to move an amendment which otherwise would have been brought forward yesterday. I shall support my here friend the member for Hertfordshire in his fair and reasonable proposition that this debate should be adjourned ; and as the noble lord boasts of his power of sitting up, I tell him that he will find me ready also in my place, and that I will not rest till I obtain for my lion. friend that opportunity of recording his views upon this subject to which he is en titled. (Cheers.) If the speech of my hon. friend would con clude the debate, I am sure that lie would not flinch for a moment from coming forward; but allow me to say that there is another individual, the noble lord, to whom I should listen with much interest, and if I icay refer to a much hum bler individual, I think that I myself might prefer some claim to make a few comments on the subject. Perhaps, too, the hon. and learned gentleman who has been the subject of so much criticism this evening may not wish to relinquish his le gitimate privilege of reply. Is it unreasonable, then, in these circumstances, to ask the house at half-past 12 o'clock to ad journ' (Cheers.) Bnt that is not all. Are we not to be fa voured with the opinions of the noble lord the member for London I The counsel which he gave and the policy which he expressed have been brought forward as the very foundation of the policy which the Government have pursued, and are we not to hear from himself the views of the noble lord ? There are also other distinguished statesmen in this house whose opinion upon this subject may be looked forward to with greatinterest, and therefore I think that the noble lord has assumed a tone not at all befitting the occasion. (Cheers.) It is not altoge ther an unusual tone with the noble lord, but in my opinion it is a most unwarrantable ono, and I assure the noble lord that it lea tone to which I for one will never succumb. The house then divided, when the numbers were— tor the adjournment 173 The Bahlmt lt announcement24..3 Ministerial benches. M f the numbers was received —7o with loud cheering from the Din. MALINS then o —- s amid loud cries of " Bulwer, Bulwer," and moved tbarr, the taottz a e do now adjourn. wasL o p r i c . l ep P o A re L d 3l t E o PALMERSTON— _I here I three h e or four short hourstime iang order r t d h e a t that t I o carry on this debate, but the right hon, g e ent l l s e o men opposite has shifted his ground, and declares thalivil l l remain, in in order to support a motion for adjournment. hear")— vi l si w7ll u n p o jo therefore, think that such a course would be a profitable not, em ployment of time—(" hear," and laughter)—and, as the division which has just taken place upon the question of ad'ourn dascarinesinodfic,a,tHicienato,fhtehaer,d meut may be taken_ oou main question now object to the adjournment of the debate till Thursday nex t . Mr. MALINS then withdrew his motion, On the question that the debate be adjourned till Thursday next, The Marquis of BLANDFORD suggested that it should be adjourned till Friday, as many hon. gentlemen had motions on the paper for Thursday which would be virtually shelved for this session if they could not bring them on upon that day. Lord PALMERSTON could not assent to the suggestion, as there were important Government measures on the paper for Friday. The motion for the adjournment of the debate till Thurs day was then agreed to. The house adjeurued at half-pain 12 o'clock. THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY.LAINE Lessee, Mr. E. T. Smith. ENGLISH OPERA. THIS EVENING will be produced LUCIA DI LAMMERMOOR. To conzlude with THE 'YANKEE HOUSEKEEPER. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. trader the Management of Mr. Buoketene. THIS EVENING, TILE EVIL GENIUS. Followed by EL GA.MBII311 1 0; or, The Mextetn Goldseeker. In which PERES. NENA and the Spanish Dancers will appeat, • After which. GRIMSHAVe, 1 31(21SHAW, AND BRADSHAW. To conclude with THE POSTMAN'S KNOCK. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD.STREET. Under the Manatcement of Mr. Camas KILL THIS EVENING, THE VICTOR VANQUISHED. To conclude with THE WINTER'S TALE. Principal characters by Mr. and Mrs. C. Keen. ROYAL THEATRE ADELE' RI. Prop-ixtor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. Directress, Madame Celeste. THIS EVENING. THE GREEN BUSHES. To conclude with URGENT PRIVATE AFFAIRS. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. Lessee and Manner, Kr. Wm. Cooke. THIS EVENING, The Grand Spectacle. Lord Byron's MAZEPPA. and the WILD HORSE, iii which the whole of Mr. W. Cooke's highly-trained horses will appear. After which, the EQUESTRIAN SCENES In the CIRCLE. Miss Kate Cooke on her milk-whlte charger, Snowdrop, in her ele.3ant Act of Manage de la Haute Ecole. To conclude with ENGLAND'S HARVEST HONE and NAT/0 NAL STEEPLECHASE. Inurienie preparations are in progress for Whit-Monday. Box-office open trwn Veven till Fear. Stage Manager. Mr. W. West. Equestrian Director, Mr. W. Co Ate, jun. EMMA. STANLEY'S "SEVEN AGES OF WOMAN." Evening performances as usual, on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays, at 4 o'clock. Admission—Back Seats, Is.; Centre Seats, 25.; Stalls, 3a. SAINT MARTIN'S HALL, Long-acre. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tai DAY—Morn. 55 min. aft. 9—Evening 36 min. aft. 10 T ►-MouEow—Morn.l2 min. aft.ll —Evening 41 min. aft.ll THE WEATHER—Strx OFFICE, APRIL 31. THERMOMETER, IN Tag SHADE. 55 —highest since noon yesterday. 47 —lowest this morning and during the night. 51 —this day at noon. BAROMETER, 29'73. WIND, S.W.—Light, with Apiil weather—sunshine and showers—but cold. ( " I • • ; • ;•. 4 . ) LONDON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 30, 1856. The deplorable spirit of Germanism has accom plished another triumph over England. The mari time law of nations under which this country achieved and long maintained its high position has been altered, and new principles enunciated. Our rights and privileges have been wilfully, delibe rately, and treacherously surrendered. Points which had long been steadfastly asserted by really English Governments, which were declared to be incontestible and indispensable rights, which might become essential to the welfare and security of Great Britain, have been definitively abandoned without even a remonstrance. The law of nations has been set aside, to the serious injury of the United Kingdom, and that without any appeal to Parliament, or the opinion of two of the Estates of the Realm being obtained or even asked for. This is not merely a contempt of the representative sys tem of Government, but it is treason of the worst description against the majesty of the Peop‘O. It is by no means difficult to perceive frees what quiver this envenomed shaft has been drawn ; it is the same that has provided many a weapon against the national liberties. We felt deeply the dishonour and damage inflicted on the British name and British interests before, we were not aware of this last and heaviest blow, which is cal culated to render our boasted maritime supremacy a mockery and a delusion ! How can it now be asserted, with the slightest appearance of veracity, that " Britannia rules the waves !" when we have wantonly relinquished that power that rendered us really formidable in war time, and enabled us, in case of necessity, entirely to destroy the enemies' commerce ? It was that power that caused Eng land to be respected in former times, and in any future conflict we shall deeply feel the want of it whenever a time of emergency may arrive, and we fear that it may be much sooner than is at pre sent anticipated . As to the abolition of privateering, it would be very well if the law could be rendered of universal application. But the United States is not in any degree affected by the resolution, and, we venture to assert, will not assent to relinquish any of its maritime rights. Should we at any future time un happily be involved in war with the other great branch of the Anglo-Saxon race, we shall be bound by these improvident stipulations, for, notwithstanding Lord CLARENDON'S declaration that "it should only be binding in regard to Powers who may accede to it, and could not be appealed to by Governments who refuse their acceptance," it is quite clear that England can not ever again rely on the principles so long boldly proclaimed to the world, but now defini tively and permanently abandoned. The points relating to neutrals have manifestly been adopted in deference to Prussia. They offer a premium to all those desirous of putting money in their pockets at the expense of their honour. Prussia has long been aiming at this point. It is at length conceded—possibly as a portion of the price which England is to pay for the inauspicious Prussian marriage, so universally condemned by all true-hearted Englishmen. We never yielded the matter when the Prussian armies were arrayed On our side, and now the concession is at once made, at the very time when the conduct of Prussia offered unanswerable reasons against its adoption ! It is the crowning work o our degradation, for which the author or authors merit impeachment, and the heaviest punishment that could be in flicted by an outraged and indignant nation. We long since stated that it was not so muoh by the destruction of men as by the cutting off of supplies that we could hope to bring our adver saries to reason. The destruction of conlmerce would be far better than the destruction of human lives, even though they were attired in the ene mies' uniform, and were ready to fight under an adverse flag. By sanctioning trade with neutrals, and giving protection to commerce when carried on under a neutral flag, we virtually deprive our selves of the power of inflicting the heaviest blows on our opponents, and those which are chiefly within the power of England. We trans fer the profits that may be realised from our own merchants to strangers, whom we encourage to assist the enemy, and who may lend their flags to cover and maintain a trade, without which the enemy could not prolong the contest. The lives of our gallant defenders by land and by water, the money of our overburdened taxpayers may be sacrificed to this criminal weakness on the part of the British representative. The time, too, of the cession of our incontestible rights ren ders it peculiarly humiliating. It will go forth throughout Europe and Asia that England, ex hausted and worn out by her efforts, and anxious for peace at any price and on any conditions, was compelled to abandon what she had previously clung to, through good report and through evil report, even against the world in arms. What sacrifice has the original aggressor made equal to this it The humiliation of England far exceeds any that would have happened to Russia, even if she surrendered her stolen Provinces, and consented to the restoration of the Crimea and Bessarabia to the rightful owner. We trust that the time and manner of this sacri fice will not be forgotten, when the repre sentatives of independent constituencies are called on to express a decided opinion •a the Treaty 'and the Protocols. The be trayal of Kars, bad as it was, was nothing in comparison to this wanton and unauthorised surrender of our rights. We use the term " unauthorised " advisedly, for neither Sovereign nor Minister could, without the assent of Parliament, bind the nation for all future times. The Shadow - behind the Throne has, in deed, proceeded to extraordinary lengths, and we deeply regret that Lord CLARENDO should have suffered himself to be made the instrument of effecting an act so unwise and impolitic, so de grading to tke national honour, and so injurious to Vie national interests, and also, so illegal and unconstitutional. Bravo ! Sir BENJAMIN' HALL We.most heartily endorse the emphatic " Hear, hears" of the House of Commons, and give the worthy Chief Commissioner of the Board of Works our most cordial approval for the manly stand he made last night against tie reckless tyranny of the Sabbatarian party, whose leaders, Parliatnentary and otherwise, disgrace as much the name cf Englishmen as they pervert the gentle precepts of Christianity, and do violence to its merciful spirit. The opportunity afforded the worthy Baronet was in this wise. The Marquis of BLA.NIVORD, who is great at Church Bills that wont pass, and who, despite the petting of his clerical patrons, affords by no means a lively illustration of the adaptation of the doctrines of a mongrel Puri tanism to the constitution of a CHURCHILL, in the plenitude of an overflow of religious bile antici pated Exeter Hall, and by way of squabashing the designs of the Chief Commissioner, affected an anxiety to become acquainted with the nature of his arrangements in relation to the projected musical entertainments for the people in the Parks on Sundays. Which of the Parks were to be so desecrated ?—and, above all, was there any truth in the shock ing rumour that preparations were contemplated in such places for the accommodation of the per formers and the public by the erection—the erec tion !—of an orchestra and a place for the sale of refreshments ? The Hon. Baronet, whose per sonal appearano) suggested to the House bow much better it would be for the Noble Lord if he could contrive to mix—not rum, as our gallant sailors are said to do—but music and healthful recrea tion with his religion, showed himself prepared for the occasion. With praiseworthy skill he took care, while engaged in the parley, to throw up before him an impregnable line of defence by showing what had been done, why he had done it, and what hack come of his doing it, as well as stating at it was his in tention to do. He hacrlast year caused a band to play in Kensington-gardens on a Sunday for the recreation and innocent amusement of the inhabitants of this vast metropolis, who proved the acceptability and propriety of the boon by flocking to the gardens in numbers ranging from 35,000 to 70,000, and coActiqg themselves while there iu the most unexceptiouOle manner. Having thus tentatively assured himself of the propriety of what he had done, ho had Continued the boon this year, which had been so appreciated that ho deemed it politic to offer a similar attrac tion in the Regent's-park, in order to obviate whatever risk might be attendant on the concourse of so many thousands on one spot ; consequently, with the entire concurrence of the Colonel of the 2d Life Guards, the baud of that regiment would play in that Park next Sunday, and each successive Sunday, between the hours of Divine service, as in Kensington Gardens. Another Gallant Colonel, commanding the QUEEN'S Own Regiment, had anticipated him by offering the services of the band of that regiment in Victoria Park. That offer he gladly accepted ; conse quently there would be music on a Sunday after noon for the recreation of her MAJESTY'S metropo litan lieges in that Park also. As for the accom modation for the performers and the public ques tion—no more had been provided fur the public recreation day—than existed for the ladies and gentlemen who rode in Rotten Row on their days. The platform, however, being found inconvenient, a new one would be pro vided by next Sunday, or Sunday week. To the refreshment question his reply was, no fresh place for the sale of re freshments had been erected ; but, should another be required, that also would be provided. It was, therefore, his intention to proceed as he had begun, mid to afford that recreation to the inhabitants which, by their admirable conduct, they had proved themselves so worthy of, and which every thing conspired to show they thoroughly enjoyed and appreciated. Bravo, we repeat, Sir BEN JAMIN ! It would have amused the public could they have witnessed the chagrin with which this manly avowal was listened to by the Sabbatarians, de prived as it was of all unnecessary sting by the courtesy of the Hon. Birone'. That misguided young nobleman (some people are virid with grey hairs), L)rd R. GROSVENOR, was especially moved —the pill agreeing with the SAbbatarian Cassius even less than with his fellow-twin, thus affording a new fact in physiology and therapeutics, and his Lordship was severely taken with gripes of conscience, and took, as such people do, to unwarranted sympathy for others, by way of relief from his internal misgivings. Would the BLANDFORDS and. GnosvErrons of the bands, (what an outrageous-fa-Rey !) be at liberty to peti tion the House or anybody, to be excused from the performance ? The PREMIER, who is very gentle with lunatic offshoots of the peerage, in stead of saying—the members of the band were musicians, and, fired with the emulation of genuine artistes, would be only too glad of the opportunity to prove their skill to an audience so vast and appreciating, soothingly expressed his inability in the absence of his subordinate to answer the in• quiry put to him. The consequence of which want of firmness was the Noble Lord determined to persevere, and re peat the question next Friday. Have these Noble Lords, we must be permitted to inquire, got uo friends among their order to keep them from these insane exhibitions ? More especially we p u t the question in relation to Lord R. GROSVENOR. That unfortunate noble man will do the Peerage a mischief if his friends don't mind: After having in one of his l una ti c fits, we will not say nearly brought about a revolution, but exposed this great me tropolis to the most serious danger from an excited population by his ever-memorable and deplorable Sunday-Trading Bill, one would have thought further opportunity for mischief would humanely have been denied him. A good many years have elapsed since Lord GEORGE GoanoN demonstrated what frightful havoc may be oc casioned by a mad c fbhoot of nobility. The lesson cannot have been forgotten. These are surely not the days for noble bolds to play their antics with the people in, and certainly his lord ship has been given sufficient warning. His cure is not to be found in oratory, but in skilful super vision and the treasures of the materia medics. M. Moray will leave Paris some time during the next month for St. Petersburg. Magnificent . carriages are being prepared for the representative of France at the Court of the Czar. whose mission will be accompanied with great pomp. The Bourse (Jazette of Vienna of the 25th says : "The dispute between the Bourse aed the authorities has not yet ceased. LATEST NEWS. MARSEILLES, TUESDAY. The Sinai has arrived with advices from Con stantinople of the 21st, and from the Crimea of the 12th inst. Four hundred Circassian chiefs assembled to claim their independence of the rule of Russia, and declared themselves ready to draw the sword in defence of their country. They agreed to a petition to Queen Victoria, the Emperor Napo leon, and the Sultan, and to send twelve delegates to Constantinople to urge their claims. The inhabitants of Eupatoria, especially the Tartars, are emigrating. The same feeling per vades the populations of Abasia and Mingrelia. There are reports of dreadful outbreaks and excesses at Damascus and Aleppo. The evacuation of the Crimea is taking place with all possible despatch. KCENIGSBERG, APRIL 28. A letter from St. Petersburg states that an Imperial decree pronounced the disbandment of 337 druschines of the militia, and of six Cossack regiments of the Tartar cavalry, raised this year in the government of Masan, the whole forming a total of 350,000 men of the militia of the Ist and 2d ban. VIENNA, APRIL 27. It is rumoured that the Archduke Maximilian, brother of the Emperor, will pay a visit to Paris in June next. BERLIN, APRIL , 28. Prince Eristoff and General Zanlesski, who con structed Sebastopol, have lately died. A letter from St. Petersburg states that Count Adlerberg has been appointed to succeed Count Orloff as chief of the Imperial household. FRANCE. PARIS, TUESDAY EVENING. M. Lejollivet, telegraphic news-agent, was ar rested on Sunday for having supplied the Nord with the treaty of peace. All official persons con cerned in this breach of confidence will be punished. To-day Count Orloff, in a state carriage, pro ceeded to the Tuileries, and officially notified to the Emperor the death of Nicholas and t he acces sion to the throne of Alexander. Baron Brunnow is charged with a similar office at the Court of St. James's. The Moniteur says :—" By order of the Em peror, the Prince Imperial has been inscribed as enfant de troupe on the muster-roll of the Ist Regi ment of Grenadiers of the Imperial Guard." The preparations for the Baptism of the Prince have already begun in the Cathedral Church of Paris. The French Ministers of Justice and War have sent instructions to the Law Officers and the Gen darmerie to redouble their vigilance on the Secret Societies. A Paris correspondent of the Augsburg Gazette says :—" A foreign diplomatist, who has relations with St. Petersburg, has mentioned that the Rus sian Government have already received applica tions for 40,000 passports for foreign countries, three quarters of which are for France." "Die Minister of State proceeded on Monday to the Senate and to the Legislative Body to com municate the treaty of peace of Paris, its annexes, and the declaration signed by the Plenipotentiaries on the 16th of April. " The Senate met on Monday . , April 28, at half past 2, under the presidency of his Excellency the First President Troplong, to receive a communica tion from the Government. "His Excellency M. Fould, Minister of State was introduced with the usual ceremonies. " His Excellency expressed himself as follows : .. _ _ . " Messieurs lee Senaieurs,—l come by order of the Emperor to place upon the table of the Senate, and before its publication, the Treaty of Paris and the an nexes, as also the declaration signed by the Plenipoten- tiaries on the 16th of April. I request the Senate to give me an acknowledgment of the said communication.' " Warm and repeated cries Of Vire l'Empereur !' followed the words of the Minister of State. " The President replied— " The Senate gives an acknowledgment to the Mi nister' of State of the communication he has just made in the name of the Government. Tie treaty shall be pub lished and distributed.' " Baron de Lacrosse, Secretary of the Senate, then read the text of the treaty, of the annexes, and of the declaration. " The reading was repeatedly interrupted by applause and energetic cries of ' Vice l'Empereur P "The Senators loudly congratulated each other upon learning this day the contents of the impor tant documents which put au end to a glorious war and establishes firmly the most liberal: doctrines of Maritime law." BOURSE, April 29.—The following were the closing prices : Cash. IT. a. End of Meath. per Coats 93 50 —f. —c. 1 per Cents 73 75 73 75 Now Loan 74 30 ._ ._ Bank Shares 3,950 Roman Credit Alobilier 1,720 Austrian Belgian Fives 931 Spanish Threes — Piedniontese(s)...... 9:I Some Debt 4O RAILWAYB-NOB CASE. fr. c. fr. a. fir!emis gorthern Lyons Slediterranean 1,650 -- Grand Central Lyons Geneva 795 Teeth Oette TURKEY. Accounts from Jaffa of the 16th April state that the day before another sanguinary fight had taken place at Napolose ; the Governor had finally beaten the rebels. Assistance had been demanded from Jerusalem, but the Pacha of that city kept for himself his troops and cannon, in the anticipation of disorders which might break out. At Jerusa lem, moreover, the energetic attitude of the Pacha and of the consuls promised to conjure away all danger. In the disturbance of the 4th at Napo lose, the consular flags were pulled down, but the houses of the English agents were alone burnt down. It is the father of the Prussian consul, and not the con.6ul, who has been killed. The Greek church and the English chapel have been aban doned, but no consul has perished. AUSTRIA. It is stated from Vienna that the organisation of the D ►nubian principalities is the subject of daily conferences at the Foreign-office of that capital under the presidency of Count de Buol ; Baron de Koller constantly attends them. These conferences were to close on the 2Gth, and Baron de Koller was to leave for Bucharest on the 30th. PRUSSIA. A letter from Berlin in the Bourse Gazette of Vienna says :—" The proposal made by England to capitalise the sound dues, and to extinguish the capital by gradual payments, will not be accepted by Danmark, which had addressed a circular to that effect to its agents at the foreign Courts inte rested iu the question. The States bordering ou the Baltic have not yet replied to the proposal of England. The negotiations which had commenced at Copenhagen, and were interrupted in March last, will probably be resumed." "Our Berlin letters," says the Independance of Brussels, " cause us to anticipate that the two motions presented by the left relative to the ad ministrative restrictions on the press and to the robbery of letters will not again form the subject of debate, at least in the course of the present ses sion. The Chamber of Nobles had commenced the discussion of the bill on the communal organisation of the Rhenan provinces, and everything indicates that the bill will be adopted." RUSSIA. The Journal de SI. Petersbourg publishes the fol lowing Imperial order of the day to the Militia : " Militiamen of the Empire,—ln his manifesto of the 29th of January, 1855, our late father of glorious me mory called upon you to reinforce our brave armies for the defence of the native soil, and the hearts of his children responded to that appeal of the father. " All Russia rose animated by sentiments of love and of unbounded devotion, and everywhere his numerous cobortl took up arms for their faith, their Sovereign, and their country. "Militia of the Empire,—lt is you who formed those valiant cohorts. You left your homes and your families to share the dangers and privations of troops hardened to battle ; like them, you gave the example of patience, of unshaken firmness, of absolute submission, ready to sacrifice everything for us and for Russia, which is so dear to us all. " Many have sealed their devotion with their blond. They found a glorious death in the ranks of the brave defenders of Sebastopil. You have proved to the world how powerful a spirit animates the Russian people. "The war is now terminated, wad we may say to you, while thanking you in the name of the country for your faithful services, ' Go in peace, militiamen ; children of Russia, return to your homes, resume your occupations and daily labours, and continue to give to the classes in the midst of which you return the example of order and submission by which you constantly distinguished your selves in the rauks of the active militia of the empire.' " As a token of your signal services we grant to all of you, from the general to the private, the right of wearing, in your retirement, the distinguishing sign of the militia, the cross granted by us this day by special regulation. " Let this cross be the mark of the zeal you displayed for the public welfare in the extraordinary circumstances of the war which has just terminated. .. " ALEXANDER." The Russian papers also pub!ish the official noti fication that Prince Menschikoff is relieved of the governorship of Croustadt, on account of the con clusion of peace. He retains his rank as member of the Council of the Empire, and as Aide-de-Camp General. The papers also announce the formation of two new infantry regiments for the army in the Cauca sus, to bear the respective names of Crimea and Sebastopol ; also of two regiments of dragoons, to be called Seversk and Pereiaslaff. The Fiedmontese Gazette announces from Corfu that the lonian Parliament will separate on the Ist May, and stand prorogued until the Ist of Novem ber next. A notice from the Belgian consul at Stockholm announces that an order of the King of Sweden ex tends from MAy to the 31st Dec. the period for the free importation of articles of food. A letter from Copenhagen states that the Danish party, in his turn, in the sitting of the Supreme Council of the 26th, proposed through Bishop Monrad, on 3 of its chiefs, a motion fur the revision of the constitution. Sporting Intelligence. NEWMARKET FIRST SPRING MEETING. THE SUBSCRIPTION-ROOM.-MONDAY NIGHT. Yellow Jack wag all alive again. He had evidently re covered from the effect of the opposition which he en countered " before dinner," and at the close of business, at midnight, he was, for money, as good a favourite as Porto Rico. Fazzoletto receded to 6 to 1, offered, and was almost friendless. 6 to 4 waR betted on two, and 3 to 1 on three. 2,500 to 25 was laid against Yellow Jack's winning the Two Thousand, Mincepie the Thousand, Imogene the Chester Cup, and Wentworth the Derby. Typee was in some request for the Chester Cup-1,000 to 30 was taken freely about her. The business transacted was as under : TWO THOUSAND. 9to 4 agst Porto Rico (taken and offered). 5 to 2 agst Yellow Jack (taken freely). 6to 1 agst Fazzoletto (taken and offered) 10 to 1 agst Bird-in Hand (taken). 100 to 6 ag,t Polmoodie (offered) 100 to 6 asst Milton and Enchanter (coupled) 20 to 1 agst Pit-a.PAt (offered). CHESTER CUF. 1000 to 30 agst Typee (taken freely). 1000 to 20 agst Van Dunck (taken) THE DERBY. 1000 to 40 agst Fly ; by•Night (taken). PORT STAKES, 1357. 1,000 even, P.P., on Brother to Bird-on-the-Wing against Fazzoletto (taken.) TUESDAY. Sweepstakes of 300 eovs each, 100 ft, for 4-yr-olds ; cults, B,t 71b ; fillies, Bst 21b. 8.0. (4 miles 1 fur lotig 173 yards.) 8 subs. Lord Derby's Paletot, by Touchstone, Bst 71b (Bartholomew) 1 Mr. H. Lane's Joshua, Bst 71b (Flatman) 2 Duke of Bedford's Pugnator, Bst 7.1 b. . (S. Rogers) 3 Betting-5 to 4 agst Pugnator, Gto 4 agst Paletot, 2 to 1 agst Joshua. Won by 20 lengths. Pugnator broke down, and walked in. Handicap PIAO of 70 soya for 3.yr•olds and upwards. A.F. (1 mil© 2 turlongs 73 yards.) Mr. Adkins's Curious, by Carin , ;'ek, 3 Yrg, G;t 71b (Fordhaw) + 1 Captain Lane's Crown Pigeon, 4 yrs, 7st 9[b _ (J. Mann) t 2 f k Mr. Armstrong ' Alcyone, 4 yrs, ist 6ib(Quinion) 3 The f Towing also ran :—Fact, Boer, Coleshill, tilyn - pus, lona, Tom Thum. Betting-5 to 2 agst Curious ; 5 to 1 each agst Boer and Fact ; 6 to 1 each asst Crown Pigeon and Alcyone. A fine race in with Curious and Crown Pigeon, result ing in a dead heat. Alcyone was beaten about two lengths; lona, Boer, and Tom Thumb were next. Deciding Heat—Betting—Even on Curious, who won easily. - _ The Two Thousand Guineas Stakes, a subscription of 100 sovs each, h. ft. ; for 3.yr-olds ; colts Bst Vb., fillies Bst 41b. The owner of the second to rtceive back his stake. R.M. (1 mile 17 yard-). 36 subs. Lord Derby's FazzAetto, by Orlando, Bst 71b(Flatmln) 1 Mr. Howard's Yellow Jack, Bit 71b (S. Rogers) 1 Mr. Combo's Pit•a•Pat, Bst 71b (J. Mann) 3 Lord Glasgow's Brother to Bird•on-the-Wing, B.t 71b (Alderoft) 4 The following also ran :—Bird-in , Hand, Milton, En• chanter, Queen's Head, Polinoodie, Porto Rico. _ • Betting-2 to 1 agst Yellow Jack ;sto 2 agst Porto Rico ; 6 to 1 agst Fazzlietto ; 6 to 1 agst Bird-in-Hand ; 20 to 1 each age; nilon, Brother to Bird-on-the-Wing, and Polmoodie ; 25 to 1 a - 4st Enchanter. The Race—They got away almost abreast at the first attempt. Queen's Head made the running, with Yellow Jack second, Pitapat, Polmoodie, BrY her to Bird-on-the- Wing, Fazzoietto, Porto Rico, and Milton lying side by side just behind them. On descending the Bushes hill, Fazzoletto " came out," and Yellow Jack went gamely to work. A most exciting race in resulted in favour 01 Fazzoletto, who beat Yellow Jack easily by half a length ; the same distance between the second and third, and a length between the third and fourth. At an in terval of two lengths came Porto Rico with Polmoodie, Enchanter, Bird-in-Hand, and Queen's Head in the order named well up with him. Milton finished several lengths in the rear. On returning to scale an objection was made against the winner by Aldcrott, the rider of Brother to Bird•on the-Wing, on the ground that Fazzoletto had " crossed" him. The case WAS referred to the stewards for inves tigation. Sweepstakes of 5 soya each, for 3-yr-olds ; colts, Bst 71b; fillies, Bst 31b. The winner to be sold for 50 sovs if demanded, &c. T.Y.C. (5 furlongs 140 yards.) - 3 subs. Mr. Howard's Little Emma, Bst 31b (Wells) 1 Mr. Robinson's Plimpton Maid, Bst 3 1 b...(Quinton) 2 Lord Anglesey's Jen d'E4prit, Bst 7 1 b...(H. Goater) 3 Betting—Even on Little Emma. Won by a length ; half a le.gth between the second and third. The winner was claimed by Mr. Robinson, awl J, u d'Esprit was claimed by Mr. Howard. Sweepstakes of 10 Buys each with 25 added, for 3-yr. olds, 7st; 4-yr-olds, Sit 71b; 5-yr-olds, Bst 121 b; 6- yr.olds and aged. 94. The winner to be 501.. t for 3001. Ab. M. (7 fur. 212 yards.) 4 subs. Duke of Bedford's Alastor, by lago, 3 Yr°, 7 s t (Pl um b ) 1 Lord Anglesey's Flying Duche , t , , 3 yrs, 7 s t (F or dh ain ) 2 Captain Lane's Tug o' Wat, 3 yrs, 7st ~,(J. S teggles) 3 Mr. Stevens'sHercules, 5 Yrs, Bst 121 b (Yates) 4 ' BAting-6 to 4 agst Alastor; 2 to 1 agst Hercules 3to 1 agst Tug o' War. Won by a length ; bad third ; Hercules was tailed off. Notwithstanding the cold showery weather, the "Two Thousand " drew together an immense concourse of spectators. The sport was most interesting, and the objection which was made to Fazzoletto created consi derable excitement. The case was investigated by the stewards immediately after the races at 7 o'clock, but no decision was arrived at, and the further hearing of the evidence was postponed until half-pacit 9. At about a quarter to 11 it was announced officially that the stewards had decided that Fazzoletto was entitled to the stakes ; a decision that gave great satisfaction. LATEST BETTING. CHESTER CUP. Bto I agst Yellow Jack THE DERBY. 2 to 1 agst 'Wentworth 12 to 1 agst Fazzoletto 100 to 6 agst Fly-by• Night 1000 to 30 agst Br. to Bird on the Wing LLOYD'S SHIPPING.—(This Day.) LONDON, April 30.—Wind this day at noon, W.N.W. light broeza and cloudy. PLYMOUTH, April 29.—Wind N.N.W.—Sailed— Priscilla and William Brombam, for Queb:c. (PEB ELEOTBIO TELEGRAPH.) SOUTHAMPTON, Wednesday Morning. Arrived—Memnon and Midas, from Swansea ; Alarm, Newport; Mars and John, Cardiff; Onex, Port Madoc ; La Poule, Cherbourg ; Alderman, Shields. Sailed—Nancy, for Sunderland. LIVERPOOL, Wednesday Morning. Wind N.E. Arrived—Alexander, from Mobile ; Berwick Walls, Amsterdam. Sailect—Tirrel, for Boston ; Diva, Calcutta ; Medore, Pernambuco ; JaMOS R. Keeler and Cornelia Laurence, New York. Wiud N.N.E. QUEENSTOWN, April 28. Sailed— Giaour, for Antwerp; Niagara, St. John's, N. 8.. Wind N.E. WATERFORD, Monday. Sailed—Thistle, for Quebec. (BY dUBMARTNR BRITTSH TELEGRAPIT. I GRAVESEND, Wednesday, 10.31 a.m. , Wind S.W.; title, high water ; cloudy. Arrived, April 29—Time and Truth, from Madras. Arrived, April 30—Tornasin, f rom NOW York; Lis moyne, Calcutta; Mermaid, and Lively, Guernsey; Ellen, Jamaica ; Flora M`Donald, Colombo; Chieftain, Ma.uti tins ; Sylph, B ou l ogne ; Karen Maria, l3romst. Sailed—Sydney Hall, for Riga. DEAL, Wednesday, 10.20 a.m. Wind W.S.W., light. Passed—Mary Lyons, from Cadiz, for London ; Alfred, Terceira, London ; Margaret Johanna. Batavia, Amster dam ; Stalt Schiedam, Batavia, Rotterdam ; Brothers, Port Madoc, Newburg ; her Majesty's steamer Bulldog, with Thunder battery in tow, for Sheerness; her Majesty's ship Dee, westward, London ; John Carrier, London, Mobile ; Buen Jesus, London, Havre. Anchored—John Spencer, from London, for Liverpool ; Guglielmo, London, Naples. Report of Richard Young, from Calcutta :—April 20, spoke the • Hamburg barquo Wilhelruina, Ludwig, lat. 45.21 N., lon. 12.45, wind E.N.E., strong ; April 24—brig Corunna, No. 2,315, lat, 47,54 N., lon, 8,10 W., wind Atrog. SURUENDER OF OUP MARITIME RIGHTS. (Fmn the Morning Herald of this day.) It was with no ordinary feelings of shame and indignation that we yesterday published the deliberate cession of those maritime rights which England has from time immemorial mantained. The annex to Protocol No. 23 contains the following decla ration : " The plenipotentiaries having come to an agreement, have adopted the following solemn declaration : " The neutral flag covers enemy's good, with the exception of contraband of war. " Neutral goods, with the exception of contraband of war, are not liable to capture under the enemy's flag." Without comment we proceed to show that this is the abandonment of a principle which England has heretofore defended as inviolable, and to which she owes her maritime greatness. In 1745 Frederick the Second attempted to resist the pay ment of the Silesian indemnity on the grounds that we had injured Prussia by seizing belligerent property in her bottoms; not by infraction of any treaty with Prussia, but of a natural right. Upon the showing of the law officers of the Crown, and the judges, the claim was resisted, and the indemnity was paid. In 1780 we were at war with France and Spain and witk our own colonies. Russia seized the moment to propose a new system of neutral trade. The Russian treaty of the armed neutrality contained the clause that " The effects of warring powers shall be free in neutral vessels." Spain, .Sweden, Prussia, France, and Denmark joined this treaty. Mr. Fox, unknown to his colleagues, sent a secret instruc tion to the British ambassador at St. Petersburgh to make a private offer to the Empress Russia to abandon this right of seizure. He was not, however, strong enough to put down the law. England made no concession, She showed, in a series of notes addressed to Sweden and Denmark, that she wished not to infringe on any right they hid, but that she wou'd not and could not submit to intimidation. She continued to seize enemies' goods, in spite of the armed neu trality, and the result was the total destruction of the power of all those who had banded together, and the annulling, by every one of them, of the principle they had put forth. In 1800 there was a second armed neutrality. The follow ing aro the despatches of two British Ministers on the occa sion of this right of search and seizure being resisted by Den mark. Mr. Mercy, British Minister at Copenhagen, writes to Count Bern stoff in 1800 : " The right of visiting and examining in the open sea mer chant vessels, of whatever nation or whatever may be their destination, is regarded by the British Government as the in contestable right of every nation at war—a right which is founded on the law of nations, and which has been generally admitted and acknowledged." Lord Whitworth, who was sent as a special envoy on the same occasion, wrote to the same Minister : " The right claimed by the King is the necessary result of the state of war. If the principle is once admitted that a Danish frigate can legally guarantee from search six merchant vessels of that nation, it follows naturally that this same power—that any other power—can by means of the smallest' ship of war extend the same protection over all the enemy's commerce. All that is required is to find. in the civilised world some one neutral state, however insignificant, suffi ciently friendly to our enemies to be willing to lend her flag to cover their commerce 'without herself encountering any risk ; for once the power of search is taken away, fraud will no longer fear discovery." The consequences of the second armed neutrality were the same as the first. England maintained her rights ; the war put an end to, and in the treaty of Amiens, which followed, there were no pretensions put forward that the flag should cover goods. In the treaty signed with Russia afterrthe assassination of the Emperor Paul it is stipulated, that goods on board neu tral vessels shall be free, with the exception of contraband of war and enemies' property." When France and Russia coalesced in 1807 the matter was again put forward. The English Government made the fol lowing declaration : " His Majesty proclaims anew those principles of maritime law against which the armed neutrality under the auspices of the Empress Catherine was originally directed, and against which the present hostilities of Russia are denounced. Those principles have been recognised and acted on in the best periods of the history of Europe, and acted upon by no power with more strictness and severity than Russia herself in the reign of the Empress Catherine. " Those principles it is the right and duty of his Majesty to maintain against every confederacy. His Majesty, under the blessing of Pr ,vidence, is determined to maintain them. They have at all times contributed essentially to the support of the maritime power of Great Britain." The English Government in 1812 thus describes the de mand as put forward by France : " The enemy requires that we should recognise as a prin ciple that the goods of an enemy under a neutral flag should be treated as neutral goods. By these demands the enemy requires that Great Britain, and all civilised nations, shall at his pleasure renounce the natural and incontestable rights of ar ; th :t Great Britain in particular shall surrender all the advantages of her naval superiority." . . _ _ In the admission of this right the United States have con curred ; it is laid down by their principal law authority, Judge Storey, that " though it had sometimes been resisted it was an acknowledged part of the law of nations." Jefferson writes, " I believe it cannot be doubted that by the general law of nations the goods of an enemy found in the vessels of a friend are good prize." Nelson said of this right that England should maintain it while she had a ship, a man, or a shilling. Sir William Scott thus declares the law : " The right etvisiting and searching merchant ships upon the high seas,,:.4nhtever be the ships, whatever be the car goes, whateVer be the destination, is an incontstable right of the hiwfully commissioned cruisers of all belligerent nations." This right, so incontestable in law, up to 1854 so invariable in practice ; this right which England has maintained tri umphantly against the banded navies in the world ; this right, which is an integral part of her very existence, Lord Claren don has by a stroke of his pen abrogated and effaced, and th• band of an English minister has filched from us that trident which Russia, France, Sweden, Denmark, and Prussia could ❑ot wrench from our grasp. There is but one term to apply to this destruction of a fun damental law of England without consultation with and con. sent of the three estates of the realm, STATE OF TRADE. FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) MANCHESTER, Aram 29. Business has been very quiet to-day ; both spinners and manufacturers have met with vary little support, and prices, though generally firm, in consequence of previous engage ments, have been in favour of buyers. We are enabled to report that trade generally, in all de partments of manufacture, maintains a steady position, whilst the anticipations of future prosperity aro founded on most satisfactory evidence. The recent impulse in the Liverpool market bai not altogether been caused by mere specula tion, but may be attributed in a very large degree to bona fade transactions of purchasers for the trade, in the full expectation that a sound and healthy business is rapidly approaching. Speenlation has dou tless been actively engaged in the past excitement, but whilst this spirit has been at work the claims of business have not altogether been overlooked, and a quick and intelligent eye has constantly been kept on the steady increase in the demand, and the prospect which presents itself all around of an increasing con sumption. These oreers are clearly recognised by most practical men, and the Pries s Current of Messrs. George Fraser and Son, of this city, abundantly confirm them. "At home," it is re marked, " the condition of the masses of the people continue to improve. Empllymerit is active, and food, though far from cheap, has for same months past gradually been declining in value, whilst wages keep high or tending upwards. Abroad the same features exist. All over the continent of Europe, where from the effect of emigration and of increased employment, in various ways arising, for the populations of the leading States, the value of labour has risen some 15 or 10 per cent, and up wards during the last year or two. India constantly becomes a larger market ; China has resumed extensive purchases ; and the United States' markets have taken off very largely increased quantities of our manufactures. Thus there has been an increasing consumyti so, but it has been by the in crease of stocks in middle la ends that we may probably ac count chiefly for the largely-in - .Teased demand experienced in our market for several months past. When the war broke out, and the future became so threatening, there was a dispo sition everywhere manifested to reduce stocks to the lowest working point, and we had occasion from time to time to ex press our belief that no diminution existed in the consump tion tantamount to the decrease experienced in the demand from the summer of 1854 to the spring of last year, which resulted in a great decline in our prices. The reverse of this action has latterly been taking place, from the removal of those causes which led to the reduction of middle stocks ; for, looking at the large consumption which took place during the latter six or eight months of 1855, by which our market was gradually cleared of the stocks which had previously de pressed prices, and the values of goods were equalised, and this in the faee of extremely dear money, and whilst also the expectation was general that at least another year of war might he looked for, it was immediately felt on the announce ment of a probable peace that thefuture course of prices must be upwards, that the time had come for rep'acing middle stocks on their usual extensive footing. It will only be when this has fully taken place that the actual improvement in the con- ' sumption can fairly be estimated, and in the meantime prices may attain, or have already attained, a position in excess of that at which they will ultimately continue. The advance which has already taken place in prices has considerably =- tailed the demand during the last ten days ; but spinners and manufacturers remain very firm at their quotations, from the absence of stocks, and the advancing state of the cotton market." It may be mentioned that, notwithstanding the generally satisfactory state of the staple trade of Manchester, pecuniary difficulties have been experienced by a few manufacturers and others, and some of these are at present working under in spection : but in no case of large extent has there been such a state of affairs as to cause much less, or to endanger the in terests of the working people. In a district abounding with large concerns, and employing so great a number of hands, it is matter of surprise and congratulation that the op era ti ons of trade have been maintained so steadily, and with so small an amount of injury from failures or partial stoppages. The merchant class have passed through the war ordeal most gal lantly ; and proof has thereby been given of the prudence of their business conduct, and the caution and skill exercised in their transactions. A meeting of Spinish certificate holders took place yesterday, S;r J. Fitzgerald, M,P., presiding, when a series of resolutions were agreed to, organising a new committee to prosecute their claims both in Madrid and in this country. The several speakers adverted to the improved condition of the revenue of Spain and to the neglect which has been exhibited by successive Ad ministrations in not providing fur these securities. PRIM,: OF GOLD.—Tt‘e quotaticn of gold at Paris is about 5 per mills premium (according to the last tariff), which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s. 101 d. per oz. for standard gold, gives an exchange of 25.29. ; and, the exchange at Paris on London at short being 25.371, it follows that gold is about 0.32 per cent. dearer in Lon• don than in Paris. By ad vices from Hamburg the price of gold is 4261 per mark, which, at the English Mint price of 3/. 17s. 101 d. per oz. for standard gold, gives an exchange of 13.5b 5 - ; and, the exchange at Hamburg on London at short being 13.7, it follows that gold is 0.64 per cent. dearer in London than in Hamburg. The c )urse of exchange at New Ycrk on London for bills at 60 days' sight is 1091 per cent., and, thepar of exchange between Eugiand and America being 109 23.40 per cent., it follows that the exchange is nominally 0.08 per cent. against England ; but, after making allowance for charges of transport and difference of interest, the pre sent rate leaves no profit on the transiniakion of gold either way between the two countries. - Nei L Th Ltd but( S O Ni wit 4 la 4 S O it P 0 Wha Wha Lik e Ar i d As Goof Ch u All Pit' ; Th e I tr 4 The are PIO i tqu D 4124 Ta 'T ot e all, Ala tli ( bol