The Sun. — London, England, 1861-05-02 00:00:00

THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. , Lemee.„ Mr. J. B. Backstone. THIS EVE)UNG, the performances will oommenee with a new and original Comely, entitled BLACK SHEEP. Mr.' BackstOne, Kr. Compton, Mr. Howe, /se. ; Mrs. Wilkins, Mrs. Charles Young, Miss Lovell, &o. ./kfter which, will be revived, with entirely new scenery and effects, and all the original music by the late Sir Henry themelodrama of THE MILLER AND HIS MEN. Commence at 7. 110 YAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.- Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Harris. 'THIS EVENING, RUY BLAS. Mr. Pechter. After which, Three Scenes from the Drama of LUKE THE LABOURER. Philip, Mr. T. P. Cooke. I.Followed by GRIMSHAW, BAGSHAW, and BRAD SHAW. Mr. Buckatone. EW. THRATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.— .1.1 Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. it t oproduction of "The Colleen Bawn. " The Adelphi "Census " every Eveninz. 'M I MS - EVENING, 4th time of a new Farce, entitled A TURKISH BATH. Mr. J. L. Toole, Mr. P. Bedford. After which • (169th time), THE COLLEEN BAWN. Mr. D. Boucicault, D. Fisher, Billington, Falooner, Stephenson, r. J. Smith, Romer, Howard, Ward ; Mrs. Boucicault, Miss Woolgar, Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. Chatterley. To be followed by a new apropos Sketch, THE CENSUS. Messrs. J. 1.. Toole, Ebnrne, Homer, C. J. Smith ; Miss Kate Kelly, Miss E. rhorne, and Mrs. Chatterley. Doors open at half past 6—Commence at 7. CANTERBURY -HALL CONCERTS!! Westminster-road, Proprietor....... A Grand Selection from Verdi's new Opera, IL CORSAIR), (This opera has never been p ro d uced in this or a ny other °wintry, except at these Concerts), having met wi th that de _ nis. wo cided. success which charactise 3 the moste - E l, ; , F,N rks of ING ; this great Master, will be performed Byo.o. TA DEL REGGI arTer with a Selectio n f rom LA FIG- O, by Donizetti. Principal Artistes—Miss Buss,...eil.... fl ia , ad g ara . D e rumm Mari ond, M an is d a Tyrrell, Mr. H. Herbert, Signor i' ng " hmens. C. W. Bernard. Director, Mr. F. Messrs. E. Marshall, A. The Comic Department oona , B. Hollingsworth, J. Blench F. Bell, W. H. Welland, and the Brothers Conrad. John Martin's Three longer n the Fine Arts Gallery of the view a short time long Establishment. siGa WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THis DAY.—Morning, 7h. 28m.—Afternoon, Bh. 4m, To-stoaow.-Morning, Bh. 44m.—Afternon, 9h. 28m. TIIB WEATHER.—SIIN OFFICE, MAY 2, 1861. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 61—highest since noon yesterday. 42—lowest this morning and during the night. 58—this day at noon. BAROMETER_ 30.32. WlND—Northerly—rather fresh ; with fine weather, but cloudy. , r .\,4. 4 .: ----, - ~, 0. JI • MIA, . 7' - , ... - - -,"zIU • ' 4 ` - , , ,, 4' t.l-71r''' ' ..,-- V z , et` ' • , trir.:( ' ,' , , , - - --, se, i ' ''' ' t• --, ..I'‘..;-• • - THE SUN. LONDON, THURSDAY, MAY 2, 1861. By a coincidence—simply by a coincidence—the Earl of DERBY was yesterday afforded a rather conspicuous opportunity for enunciating the opinions of his party, upon the very eve of that important discussion in the House of Commons, during which there is to be brought under tile considera tion of our popular representatives an alternative that may be accurately designated " the turning point" of the present session of Parliament. It is simply, as we have intimated, the result of the merest casualty that the Leader of the OppositiOt has been afforded, by means of a purely accidental conjunction of dates, altogether beyond anyone's calculation, this, for him and his followers, most timely opportunity—the opportunity of issuing to the public at large a Political Manifento, upon the very eve of a great Party struggle between the Government and the Opposition. That Lord DERBY availed, himself of this opportunity and availed himself of it moreover to the full; is, of course, not for a single instant to be wondered at. It fortunately for the Conservatives so happened, that one of the most devoted members of their great aggregate in the Housd-of Commons occupies this year the civic chair as London's Chief Magistrate. It fortunately for 'them so happened, that—in regard to their Political Chief, and in regard to themselves, martialled as they are under the banner of the great Tory Earl's Lieutenant, the Right Hon. gentleman the member for Buckinghamshire—the Lord Mayor (CUBITT) was "on hospitable cares intent," was there in the banquetting hall of his city palace, the Mansion House, welcoming them as his , honoured guests upon—of all days in the session !—the evening of the Second of May : otherwise, as we have said upon the eve of the very day fixed for the application of that Test of the Strength of Parties in the HOyse of Commons, the Amendment in respect to the diminution of the war tax upon Tea, about to be introduced in Committee of Ways and Meins . `by t 1 hon. gentleman the member for the great cOramercial constituency of Liverpool. It .was ill another way also for the Conservative party, for the. more devoted partizans of the Tory . - Opposition, a coincidence of no very disagreeable character in Fits way, that the festive welcome accorded to their leaders yesterchiy by the Chief Magistrate of London, took place upon that for them this - session red-letter weekday—a Wednes day I ,Anfl : _upon that Wednesday of all the Tory Wednesdays'. in the session which witnessed what - Mi. DISRAELI himself spoke of last night as , one that had witnessed the defeat of what he said he believed to be the last of the series of mea sures successfully opposed [in antagonism to the covert or avowed support of her MAJESTY'S Go vernment] by her MAJESTY'S Opposition. Lord DERBY had . previously taken occasion to refer exultingly, amidst the sympathetic cheers of his audience last night assembled in the Mansion House, to .the triumphs achieved by his party during the past three months of the present ses sion, 6' Wednesday after Wednesday." Mr. DISRAELI did not, however, content himself with a mere cursory allusion to what is naturally enough a matter of immense satisfaction to himself as head in the House of Commons of the great body of the Conservatives, or, as they now love to call themselves the Great Constitutional party of the Opposition. Referring to those Wed nolday 'successes achieved by himself and his sup porters of late so very frequently—successes which had been incidently mentioned as a matter of gratulation to the Conservatives by the noble earl their leader, Mr. DISRAELI particularized some of their more striking measures, broughtpeculiarities. He said "Those im portant business is ot forward at moments when accustomed to be introduced to the consideration of th e — "se, and not under the patronage of the Ministry, uwe not commanded out of doors the attention which fortunately they commanded within the walls of Parliament. freeAl l those'measures in full Houses, aft er full and discussion, have been signally and ige om i nou k a y defeated by the tact, discipline, and unflagging zeal of the Constitutional party in the House of Commons. My lord, I must say that these impor tant Parliamentary transactions have been charac terised by one remarkable trait. Although hone of these measures—systematically assailing the consti tution of the Church and State, systematically attempting to change the disposition and distribu tion of power in England—although none of those measures has been brought forward by the Govern ment, every cue of them have been supported by it, arid in a manner most peculiar and most unusual. Sometimes the Government have spoken for these measures, and voted against them. Sometimes, on the contrary, they have spoken against these mea sures, and voted for their. This is a process that has now been pursued for several months; and to- day,"—this is the exultant expression of which we have already spoken as so very curiously timed in the mere coincidence of it—" to-day," said Mr. DISRAELI last evening, " to-day, I believe, has witnessed the defeat of the last of this series of measures !" So that " a clear stage," in a manner, has been obtained, there, for the contest, which is fixed for this evening in the House of Commons—the contest between the powers that be and the powers that wish to be. There is something very English in the out spokenness of the Earl of DEBBY throughout the whole of his remarkable speech upon the occasion of last night's Conservative Demonstration. Her MAJESTY'S Government cannot certainly accuse him at this moment of anything like .reticence. He speaks right out—he avows his views quite plainly—he proclaims his ambition and the ambition of those in both Houses who repose implicit :confidence in his leadership. What w ill infallibly be the most distasteful of all 'to the chiefs of the present Admi nistration is the grand and haughty tone in which Lord DERBY, as Mr. DISRAELI .had done himself on Monday in the House of Commons, spoke of the existing Ministry as living purely upon sufferance ! Surviving merely because of the mag nanimous support accorded to them by a powerful Opposition ! Gall and wormwood must assuredly be in every syllable, like the following, dropped from the lips of Lord DERBY for the ear of Lord PALMERSTON. The Conservative leader—referring to the course recently pursued in the House of Commons by his followers—observing, " It is well known that if that party were to cease their vigi lance and their attendance in Parliament for the protection of Her MAJESTY'S Government, the noble viscount at the head of that Government would very shortly sustain the fate of ACTZON, and be torn to pieces by his own dogs. My lord, we know the jarring elements of which the Liberal party—God save the mark—are now composed, are now kept together solely and entirely by their ap prehension of the united power of the great Con servative party which opposes them ; and if for one single week we were to relax our vigilance we know that the discord would break out into open rebel lion, and we know that the QUEEN'S Government would not be sustained during this session." Worse —a tone like that—far more irritating to really high-minded and chivalrous-hearted Statesmen than any reiteration of defeat that could possibly happen upon any number of Wednesdays, must be taunts like these, informing Ministers that they owe their existence as a Government to the magnanimous support of the confronting Opposi tion. Looking back down the vista of the last three months we cannot induce oursejves to do otherwise than believe that the Cabinet has suffered more than they would willingly acknow ledge from the retirement of Sir WM. HAYTER from the responsible position in which he did so much good service to his party while winning for himself so high and honourable a reputation. The Government Whips—late though it be in the ses sion for them to attempt it—may yet redeem their character for energy by wielding the lash adroitly in the cause of the Administration. Lord DERBY had has opportunity last evening, and admirably well he availed himself of it—the opportunity of issuing a timely Manifesto enunciating the views of the Opposition. The Government Whips, in retnrn, will now have their opportunity—and we presume they will for once evidence something like energy in availing themselves of it in real earnest—the op portunity of achieving a Ministerial triumph in May sufficient to compensate for all the various defeats which in February, March, and April, have (in a great measure thanks to them) fallen time and again upon the powerful phalanx of the Coalition Government. Every arrival from America now brings tidings more and more painful. They have not waited long to make up for the want of bloodshed at Fort Sumpter. Either Harper's Ferry or Baltimore —for the dates have not yet arrived—has the honour of having shed the first blood in the second American Revolution. At the former place, poor old JOHN BROWN'S exploit for liberty has been sadly vindicated. One thousand Virginians pressed the arsenal so hardly that the Federal commis sioners destroyed the armoury, arsenal, manufac tory, and Memo thousand stand of arms. They then returned into Pennsylvania, but with the loss of three men. So fax as we can gather, on the same day, or very nearly so, a Massaehusett's regiment was passing through Maryland to Wash ington, but at Baltimore it was attacked by the mob, and eleven were killed on both sides. This regiment reached Washington on the 19th. It is singular at the present crisis that the capital, and its little district of Columbia, should be seated in a slave State, though one is which slavery has for some time been dying out. The close proximity, too, of the largest of the slave States, Virginia, a State which subsists by breeding slaves for the South, makes the position of the capital in this struggle one not to be envied. It requires indeed a con siderable body of troops to place Washington in safety; five. thousand were said to be under arms there on the 20th, when the Canadian left. The secession of Virginia which rendered this necessary, though long expected, is the most im portant of the facts of which we have been just apprised ; Virginia is the most populous and power ful by far of the Slave States. It has about half the population of the State of New York itself, or one million nine hundred thousand inhabitants, including about half a million of slaves. North Carolina, immediately south of it, including three hundred thousand slaves, has followed the example of Virginia, and it seems every way probable that all the border Stater, who might certainly have taken a wiser course, will, as Slave States, consider their honour pledged to the Southern confederacy. Open war is, therefore, now commenced. The Governor of Virginia has issued a proclamation recognising the Southern Convention, and North Carolina has seized all the forts within the States. Virginia has also taken the precaution to close Norfolk harbour, where one of the Federal Navy Yards is situated, by sinking vessels at its mouth in order to prevent egress from the yard. A Federal ship of war threatened, however, to level the town if the obstructions were not removed. What is the number of ships in the naval yard at this moment we cannot be sure. A or t di t n h a e ry_ beg t in h n e in e g ol o u f m t b h u e sr B a o r in there were then guns; the Delaware, 84; the Corludmtbhiae, German so;the Rarita n , 50 ; the Plymouth, 22, ai Town, 22. In all 308 guns. On the stocks there was the New York, an 84 gun ship. And one ship apparently in commission, the United States frigate, 50 guns. As the navy surprised annoya nce to hert of t ao desperate be th e P RESIDENT'S chief reliance, and the greatest Harbour. I..deed, .. tho rginians cannot keep the we should not be i e l ir .. a . te str uggle at Norfolk it the yard in their hands, they it better policy to burn allthovveilslseplsrothbearbelythtalniintko let them fall into the hands of the North not observed that any other ships aret,z,i7eefehuanvde in the navy yards of the South, exce pt an 8 4 en the stocks in the New Orleans Dockyard. I Accounts must now be awaited with most painful interest. We can but fear that every ship will bring tidings of some fatal col lision. Each party will be endeavouring to out strip the other in both attack and defence. The PRESIDENT is daily receiving reinforcements at Washington. He has issued a proclamation de claring a blockade of all the Southern ports ; and, it is a remarkable fact, indeed, that the Govern ment of WashingtoH, which refused to abolish privateering when Europe asked it, has now pro claimed that it will seize and condemn, as pirates, all privateer vessels which may be seized by the Federal ships. In future, any power at war with America has but resolutely to insist on fol lowing the lead of the Washington Government, and the barbarous practice of privateering will be banished from civilised warfare. It must be confessed that the clerical party, under the lead of the Right Hon. BENJAMIN DISRAELI, are consistent If they signalise Wednesdays this year by rejecting measures of religions liberty for Dissenters, they are prepared also to refuse liberty for themselves. Last night Mr. LOCKE KING brought in a bill to give a little more liberty to clergymen, but it fared much the same as Sir MORTON PETO's bill to bestow a trifle more of that favourite English privilege on Dissenting Teachers. Clergymen are now, in one respect, it seems, very much like paupers. They must keep to their parish. If they attempted to preach and pray elsewhere, the ecclesiastical courts, or powers of some sort, would soon pass them home to their parish. The Regulars of the Church of Rome can preach where they like. Dissenting ministers of all sects, even to lay preachers, like the honourable member for Cambridgeshire, can preach where they please. Only the clergyman of the Established Church is nailed to his parish. Mr. KING tried to get a little freedom for them last year, but failed. He has tried again this year to obtain a less measure of liberty, but failed again ; he modestly proposes that if an archbishop or a bishop license a minister to preach or pray only— not to venture on the administration of sacraments, but only to speak as he best could in public to either GOD or man—he might be permitted to do so. Strike out the archbishop, said Sir G. C. LEWIS, and I will assent. The par nobile fratrum, Mr. NEWDEGATE and Mr. SPOONER, for once differed, the former being opposed to clerical liberty, the latter in favour of it; so were other Liberal and Tory members; but Mr. ESTCOURT, Lord J. MAN NERS, and Mr. G. HARDY took up the cause of keeping every clergyman to his own parish, and " so the bill was lost." Well, so let it be. Bishops, even, it seems, are not fit to be trusted with the Government of the Church and the liberties of the clergy. One would have supposed that they were little likely enough to license any clergyman to preach to the annoy ance of another clergyman in their dioceses. Most of them love quiet too well for that. A smaller amount of freedom than that claimed by some of the speakers for laymen—the power to get the services of some acceptable clergyman when their own was offensive to them —we can hardly con ceive. We like all proposals for freedom of every kind ; but if the clergy and the majority of the laity are content with these restraints, they are hardly worth the trouble of removing. The Great Council of the Austrian Empire was opened yesterday. As things stand we can but scrutinise closely and suspiciously all relating to it ; and yet, after all, who can reflect for a moment on what Austria was before 1848, and what she has been in the twelve years of reaction, and not look with wonder on a Council meeting in Austria ; and to hear one of the most absolute of Monarchs telling that Council that "he has sanctioned the introduction of tried constitutional forms." A con stitution he has thus given his empire, according to Mr. ROEBUCK, even more liberal than our own. On one point it is so, certainly. It allows of female voting at elections. When we look at the EMPEROR'S avowed reasons, they are also far better than most would have anti cipated. He is "convinced that free institutions," "protection of the rights of nationalities," and the " equality of citizens," will lead to a safe reorgani sation of the whole monarchy." He is so humble and teachable that he " desires to learn positively, through the mouths of the representatives of the people, what they consider best for the welfare of the people." And he thinks it " necessary to show the world that political, national, and religious dif ferences do not form an insurmountable obstacle to a national understanding." What ought we not to expect from a council called for such reasons, and in which free and public discussion is to be inau gurated in Austria ? The testing question—the separate and indepen dent administration for Hungary—is, of course, not directly adverted to. Indeed, we believe not a single Hungarian representative is present in the Council; and we are not sure that the annexed parts have sent any. The EMPEROR could therefore, with common prudence, speak only in the most vague language. He trusts to the justice of his policy and to the intelligence of the people, for " a satis factory solution of the question of the representa tion of Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slavonia." When they understand the real state of things, he thinks they will approve of the insti tutions he has desired to confer on them. At least he promises —what words from an Emperor of Austria !—that " a Liberal policy shall be equally developed in all parts of the Empire, with special regard for the historical traditions of the provinces." But Hungary will not own herself to be a province ; she is an independent Kingdom ; respect for historical traditions may be said to comprehend the whole of her demands—a King, a Palatine, an independent Ministry, a separate finance, and the control of it, and the withdrawal of all non-Hungarian troops are an undoubted part of what she can historically, and even by recent laws and treaties, justly demand. How will these demands be met ? The EMPEROR, though at com parative ease in Italy, yet will hardly dare to coerce Hungary. Well for him if no evil counsellors drive him to the attempt. The Budget is to be submitted to this council. Will the EMPEROR venture to include Hungarian expenditure and taxation in it ? Not one moment too soon does he endeavour to give to his Exche quer the credst it would gain from a budget voted by the entire provinces of the empire. Yet it is remarkable enough to see such a thing done in Austria. Two points in the Speech seem to have especially called forth the cheers of the Deputies—the allusion to liberal institutions, and the assertion of the determination to preserve the "inviolable foundation of the unity and indivisibility of the whole monarchy," and to repel any violation of the same as an attack not only on the monarchy, but "on the rights of all the, provinces and nationalities," Hungary will ask, what right has any province or nationality in the Austrian Empire, to require of Hungary any other union than that shaped by the Pragmatic Sanction, and interpreted by the laws of 1848. Mr. COBDEN'S VISIT TO ROCHDALE.—In accord. anco with Mr. Cobden's wish, the proposed banquet at Rochdalo will not take place. The hon. gentleman will be received at a public meeting of the inhabitants. LArI'ET NE W 8 W • PARIS, MAY 2. The Moniteur of to-day says : " Yesterday the Plenipotentiaries of France and Belgium signed a treaty of commerce, a convention concerning navigation, and a convention for gua ranteeing literary, artistic, and industrial copy rights." The Paris papers publish telegraphic despatches from Constantinople to the 24th inst., announcing a concentration of troops at Yenibazar against Montenegro. The same telegram asserts that the English and Turkish squadrons had received orders to act in concert. The Turkish squadron has re ceived provisions from the arsenal of Corfu. ". CONSTANTINOPLE, MAY 1, 12.15 P.M. The Porte has notified its consent to the union of the Principalities during the life of the present Hospodar. By an arrangement between Sir Henry Bulwer and the Porte, the sequestrated arms have been stored in the Seven Towers. Delegates from the Legations are to go to Bosnia with Omar Pasha. SERAJEVO, MAY 1. The Christian inhabitants have again risen in in surrection, and demand local self-govern went. Omar Pasha is expected here. He is •the bearer of the proposals which have been deems ed satisfac tory by the Ambassadors at Constantinople. After having visited Niksich, the foreign Consuls will proceed to Piva and Coupche. THE BOMBAY MAILS. MALTA, MAY 1, 11.;25 A.M. The Peninsular and Oriental Steam N . avigation Company's steamer, with the Bombay ni .ils of the 12th of April, arrived here this morning,. BELGIUM. Disturbances of a serious nature have. 'taken place at Gand (Ghent). The workmen of Rid. Parmen tier, Van Hoegarde, and Co., weavers, h. a Ting struck, the firm replaced the strikers by hands from the country. These new hands were insu lted, pelted, and otherwise annoyed by the recalcitm nts, Messrs. Parmentier and Co. issued placards offering 15f. per week and upwards to good hands.. These pla cards wore all torn down, and it was n ecessary for the police to interfere. The Journal de Grand says:— , l On. Sunday last matters took a more serious turn. Lax ge bodies of weavers assembled in the vicinity of t b e establish ment of Messrs. Pannentier, and, comii ig upon that gentleman and his clerk, assailed them. in the most brutal manner. It was with difficulty t; hey escaped with their lives, and found a refuge in the house of M. Cassier. The treatment they recei". ved reminds us of the worst days of our revolution tarp epoch. The mob then proceeded to the manufac :tory, which was occupied by the police, and pulls 3d down the gateway and iron railings. The polio) e were com pelled to use their weapons, and varii cus persons were snore or less seriously wounded. it great num ber of persons have been arrested." Two other strikes took place the nor t clay. The police and gendarmerie were called 04 t. Women and girls paraded the streets singing. On Monday evening matters assumed so serious apt aspect that it was deemed necessary to call out le military. According to the last accounts the strik, e continues. NAPLES, APRIL 30 (Evening). The- city of Naples and the provincf 3s are tran quil. TURIN' ; , MAY 1. The Opinione of to-day has news from Palermo to the , 28th ult., stating that a popular assembly had been held there, at which shouts of " Long live GAribaldi !' were raised. The assembly was dispersed by tai, National Guard;,, ST. PETERSBURG, MAY 1. Thy Journal de St. Petersburg of to-day pub lishes an article which says : "Il ie last war in Italy, the success of a fortu nate soldier, the contagious example ctf Hungary, and tl ie declamation of the foreign peress on the policy of developing nationalities, have• exercised a great !influence on Poland." The article also states that the Govornment can reckon , , on the support of the rural popu4lation. MARSEILLES, MAY 1. Ad vices from Beyrout to the 22d , announce that five Turkish vessels, with troops on. board, had arrivod from Constantinople. An awldress was being •signed, calling upon the Europe an Powers to settle_ the question of indemnity, and to take energetic measures for the protectim of the Chrisf tirtus in Syria. Adirices have also bean received hero from Con stantin, ople announcing that Omar Naha is the bearer of a proclamation from the Suite m, assuring the in ..habitants of Bosnia that Omar Pasha will protect them against the Montenegrins.. Freu;..ch troops had embarked for Syrie.. On their arrival, at Beyrout Fuad Pasha will Lave 35,000 soldier at his disposal. MADRID, APRIL 30. The 'Emperor of Austria has arrived at Cadiz. The. Correspondencia Autografa announces that the Eta .peror Napoleon has congratulated Queen IsabelLa 11. on the reincorporation of &an Domingo with Si ,ain. AUSTRIA. TILE SPEECH OF THE EMPEROR. VIENNA, MAY 1. Both. Houses of the Council of the Empire were opened. to-day. The: 7R,mpeior in his opening speech 'mid-- "It 'affords me the greatest satisfaction to greet to-day- in this assemblZ the Imperial Princes, the high etignitaries of the Church, and the heads of the nc )1/ le families of the country. "1 Also welcome the Deputies. a have been deepl:r moved by the many addresses of thanks which. I have received from the Provincial Diets. I consieLer them as a token for the future, which is rich in. hope. " I a m convinced that free institutions, accom panied. by a conscientious protection .of the equal rights .of all the nationalities and the alquality of all citizen). :, will lead to a safe reorganisation of the whole monarchy. - With this aim in - view I sanc tioned_ the introduction of tried constitutional forms- " A :liberal policy shall be equally 'developed in all pal , : is of the empire, with special rklgard for the history Le al traditions of the provinces. "I di ;sire to learn positively, througl the mouths of the r epresentatives of the people, w hat they con sider lse st for the welfare of the county ;y. "It 11 necessary to show the world t bat political, national , and religious differences go not form an insu: mountable obstacle to a national under standin; g. " Arts tria is powerful enough safely the defy' of her int erna l i nterel d g. She will inspires n o fear abroad, bec ause we 8 1 24 11 avoid all passio nal to excitem en t. - to carry out m Re 4 ing on the justice of my polie.ll . -vand on the -_ ~:~ intelligence of the peoples, I expect a satisfactory solution of the question of the representation of Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slavonia. " As soon as they shall understand the real state of things they will be inspired with the necessity for and the advantage of the institutions I have granted, and will then justify my confidence by their actions, and I shall see around me with the greatest satisfaction the representatives of the whole monarchy. I hope to enjoy undisturbed the blessings of peace. Europe feels the same want, as she wishes to repose from the agitation of recent times, and to recover her equilibrium. " This universal feeling imposes upon the Powers the duty of not exposing the precious treasure of peace to any danger. " Austria acknowledges this duty, which has also been admitted by the other Powers, in order to give herself up to work for the general welfare. "Estimates will be submitted to you for esta blishing an equilibrium between the income and expenditure, and also proposals for the introduc tion of desirable modifications in some branches of the revenue, and for the settlement of the relations between the National Bank and the State." The Emperor concluded as follows : " I acknowlege the duty which, as a Sovereign, I have assumed before all nations, to protect with all my power the Constitution of the whole Empire in the sense of the diploma of October and February last, as the inviolable foundation of the unity and indivisability of the whole monarchy; and it is my firm intention to repel any violation of the same as an attack on the existence of the monarchy, and on the rights of all the provinces and nationalities." The allusions to the unity of the Empire and the liberal institutions granted to the country were loudly applauded by the members. Baron Vay and Count Szechen were present at the opening of the Council, FRANCE. PARIS, MAY 1. The Conference on the Franco-Belgian Treaty met to-day to sign the minutes of its work, and probably also the instruments on the drawing up of which it has with so much labour agreed. It may therefore be now said that the Conference has achieved its important and difficult duty. The following were the last quotations : ft per per Cents ... 95 60 Credit Fonder Do. end month.... 95 65 Belgian 4/ — 3 per Cents Do. end month 69 15 Roman Bank Shares 2830 Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 707 50 Spanish Threes 4B 50 Do. Account 7lO —lHome Debt RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1352 50 .. 1353 75 Northern . New ditto 897 50 .. 897 50 Lyons and Mediterranean 960 .. 961 25 Geneva 417 50 .. Southern 557 50 .. 556 25 Western Eastern Sardinian Austrian Lombard 492 75 .. 492 50 CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA LONDONDERRY, WEDNESDAY. The screw steamer Canadian, which sailed from Portlan:don the 20th ult., arrived at Moville at 10 30 a.m. and her despatches at Londonderry at 2 30 p.m. English time. She landed all her mails, ex cept those for Liverpool and London. The screw steamer Kedar arrived at Halifax on the 18th, and tilt royal mail steamer Niagara on the 19th. A Massachusetts regiment going to Washington was attacked in Baltimore by a mob, and 11 were killed on both sides, and many wounded. Martial law had been proclaimed there. Governor Hicks has declared to allow any more federal troops to pass through Baltimore, thereby causing great indignation in the North. The regiment reached Washington on the 19th. Virginia has seceded. and a proclamation has been issued by the Governor, recognising the Southern Confederacy. The news was received with rejoicing in the south. North Carolina has seized the Government forts, and all the Slave States seem to be arming for the defence of the South. The Federal Government will condemn as pirates all privateers seized. No more provisions or arms are allowed to go South. President Lincoln, in a proclamation, declares al the port's of the seceded states blockaded. Troops are arriving at Washington from al points. Virginians closed Norfolk harbour by sinking vessels, to prevent egress from the navy yard. A United States ship of war threatened to level the town, when the obstructions were removed. The Federal commissioners at Harper's Ferry, being pressed by 1,000 Virginians, destroyed the Armoury, Arsenal, Manufactory, bags, and 13,000 stand of arms on the 18th April, and then retired into Pennsylvania with their men, of whom they lost three. All the bridges have been destroyed between Baltimore and Washington. Troops will be forwarded from Philadelphia via Harbour de Grace and Annapolis. Five thousand men are under arms at Washing. ton to-day (April 19). The southern loan has all been taken up. Accounts from Havana of the 15th state that an additional number of Spanish troops had gone to San Domingo. It was rumoured that Prince Alfred would return to England without visiting Havana, on account of the death of the Duchess of Kent. Major Anderson and his command had arrived at New York, where they received a great ovation. A despatch in the Nev J'ork Tribune states that Fort Pickens now contains 800 men, and seven vessels were lying outside. Private despatches from Baltimore state that the position of the loyal citizens there was very critical. One despatch says :—" We hope the North will stand by us, and in their forced passage through our city to the capital remember that there are many true men here. Our police, and many of our military companies, openly defy the Government." The New York Evening Post of the 19th ultimo, learns from a reliable source that President Davis, at the head of the confederate army, was within twenty-four hours' march of Washington. Great excitement prevailed at the latter place. The President's mounted guard had been mustered into service as cavalry. The telegram from Lisbon of the earthquake at the city of Mendoza, in the Argentine Republic, by which 7,000 lives and 2,000 houses are reported to have been de stroyed, the loss of property being estimated at a sum equal to £14,000,000 sterling, has created great anxiety for fur• ther news among all the merchants interested in the com merce of the River Plate. The city of Mendoza is situated almost at the extreme west of the republic, on a rich and well irrigated plain near the Andes, within about 100 miles of the Chilian frontier, and it has long had a large popula tion and active transit trade, with every prospect of increas ing prosperity. The petition about to be presented to the House of Lords in favour of the Government Bankruptcy Bill, and earnestly praying that it may not be referred to a select committee, has been signed by an almost unprecedented number of the leading mercantile and banking firms of Lon don. Should this document bo disregarded, the inference will be unavoidable that the wishes and views of the com mercial world are to be sacrificed for the sake of party hostility. A meeting of the Submarine Telegraph Company has been called for the 13th inst., to elect three new direc tors, and to consider the charges lately brought against the management. It is to be presumed, however, that the shareholders will deem it expedient to reverse the proposed order of procedure, and deal with the charges first, and the selection of directors afterwards. THE MAGAZINES. Blackwood's Magazine. There is an article on " The Ministry and the Budget," which is very admirably done, and ex poses in a very striking manner the - many blunders that are made by the bright and particular star who now irradiates the financial horizon, and is supposed by his admirers to be a heaven sent. Minister born to suit the special occasion. The following remarks on his abilities are very accurate, and demonstrate the difference between theoretical and practical talent : " The bent of his mind is speculative and theoretical. Like other fine scholars, his capacity for the discharge of ordinary business is limited ; but distrust of his own powers is a sensation which he never felt, and his ambition, fos tered by vanity, has become so exorbitant, that he consi ders himself eminently well fitted to perform the duties of any office within the wide range of administration. " We must, however, be allowed to distinguish between the qualities which make a man a dexterous, keen, and fluent debater, and those which recommend him to the public trust and confidence as a wise and provident steward. Beyond all question, Mr. Gladstone is in possession of the one ; but that he can lay claim to the other we broadly and unhesitatingly deny." After a masterly exposition of the discrepancies that exist in his statements in many cases, and the one-sided view he persists in taking of important questions, it is said in summing up the various points of the argument, "It means simply this, Mr. Gladstone, admitting all his brilliant qualities, is the wrong man in the wrong place. An experi enced clerk from any mercantile house would be a much better and safer Chancellor of the Exchequer." After alluding to the danger that threatens if Mr. Gladstone will institute a sweeping reduction of the national expenditure by striking at the army and navy estimates to suit the views of the Peace party he has lately done his best to propitiate, this excellent article concludes thus : " Well, then, if we cannot reduce the expenditure, what is in store for us next year, if we lop away the paper duty, but an augmentation of the income-tax P Money cannot be raised now from any other source, though Mr. Glad - stone, emulous of distinguishing himself in every line of character, has come out as a chifflonier or rag-picker, and improves his leisure moments by groping in the kennel for casual pence. Many years ago he was impressed by a say ing of the late Dr. Chalmers regarding the power of the penny ; but he totally misunderstood the application, for in his view a million of pence are equivalent to the pence of the million. So, last year, he inflicted a small Egyptian lice-plague upon merchants, in the shape of infinitesimal stamps, which really added nothing appreciable to the re venue, while it materially obstructed trade ; and this year, he smites at chicory, renders it an unlawful thing to light a cigar in a tobacconist's shop unless the owner pays an additional duty, and follows the pharasaical method of tak ing tithes of mint and cumin, while neglecting the weightier matters of the law. After having deliberately and most attentively perused the Budget speech, and con sidered it in all its bearings, we have no other advice to give to the ratepayers of Britain than the wholesome but often-neglected warning of the police—' Gentlemen, look to your pockets 1' " " Mrs. Beauchamp's Vengeance" is a very smart little tale, which exemplifies the mistakes th a t vanity will lead folks to commit. The plot is very ingenuously contrived, and the reader is kept in the dark till quite the end. It is not often that one finds a denouement so skilfully brought in. " The Executor" is another story that is clever in its way, it relates the troubles that befell many parties in consequence of a certain lady being possessed of more money at her death than had been supposed likely by her connections. There is a paper on " Motley's History of the Netherlands," which is worthy of perusal, and it is said that " The value of Mr. Motley's additions may be, and already hi. been exaggerated, but that the materials which he has brought to light fully j us tif y th e grea t lit erary enterprise he has undertaken, there can be no doubt." " The Euthanasia of the Ottoman Empire" is an elaborate treatise that deserves careful study from those who have leisure to devote to abstract ques tions. The consideration of the Life of the Right Hon. William Pitt, by Earl Stanhope, is another valuable addition to this month's number, and claims that attention that an important subject ably treated always deserves from persons of all shades of opinion, and the reader may say of the writer of this criticism what he himself says, in his concluding words, of the author—" We thank him for the large measure both of instruction and amuse ment which he has afforded us." Dublin University Magazine. The story of "An Only Son" is continued •at some length, and improves on acquaintance. Ned Locksley is a fine spirited young man, who attracts our interest by his fearless bearing, and impresses ail around him by his bold determination. The account of his baffling the bullying set among whom he was thrown is very exciting and enter ' taining. There are other events described in the last chapter which are peculiar, and also are ably narrated. The circumstance of the idiot boy coming forward to give evidence at a critical junc ture, and thug turning the CUULAC of affairs is a remarkable incident. There is a very interesting article on " Sir William Napier," which is on a subject that can hardly fail to arrest respectful attention and to meet with sympathising readers. All must agree in the merits of that distinguished man, who is here appropriately spoken of as " Our English Tacitus," as I love to call him, and as such, without doubt, as the greatest of all our military historians, his brave bright name will survive perennially in the national remembrance. There are many who have dwelt on his stirring descrip tion and brilliant eloquence who will subscribe to the truth . of this assertion, and it was in reference to these triumphs that Mr. Disraeli forcibly remarked that "Fortunate in everything, Wellington was fortunate in having found an historian whose im mortal page now ranks with the classic of the land that Wellesley saved." There is here given a brief account of the family of Sir William, which is worthy of notice. " It is scarcely probable that the world will soon, if ever, again witness so singular a combination of hereditary pecu liarities as that which distinguished the five sons of Colonel the Hon. George Napier, of Celbridge, in the county of Dublin. Their ancestry seems, in truth, like a f amous Parliamentary majority rem ded in one of the later volumes of Hansard, to be nothing less than a fortuitous con currence.' . . Into the main current of the historic lineage of the Napiers, it is curious to note how many and how important were those tributaries. They secured to it whatever ambidexterous advantages might be supposed to result from the infusion into the blood of the Napiers, of the divine ichor' of two royal houses—those of Henry IV. of France, and of Charles 11. of England. They rendered kindred to that same heroic blood, the blood of two chival rous but tainted traitors to the Crown—the great Montrose and Lord Edward Fitzgerald. Through the maternal line they enabled these fly:brothers, already mentioned, collec tively, to claim the sympathies of relationship wit h Charles Fox, the orator of the Liberal Opposition ; and through the paternal line, farther back by one or two generations, and higher in the intellectual atmosphere, in the very empyrean of abstract philosophy, to trace their descent directly from the renowned inventor of logarithms, the immortal John Napier, of Merchistoun." At the conclusion of this most interesting sketch we meet with the following passage that records some of the public achievements and private cha racteristics of this departed worthy : " With a nature thrilling in its every fibre with sensi bility, and a temperament singularly impulsive and impas sioned, he combined in a wonderful degree, a judgment pre eminently judicial and dispassionate. In testimony of this, it is only requisite to glance for a moment at that majestic Plutarchian contrast or comparison with which he closes the last chapter of the twenty-fourth book, completing his great historic masterpiece. The celebrated peroration of that oratorical history, in which Napier contrasts Napoleon (whom the English annalist here designates magnani mously and magnificently ' the greatest man of whom his tory makes mention, the most wonderful commander, the most sagacious politician, the most profound statesman),' contrasts the great Napoleon and Wellington. Comparing the battle of Wellington to the stroke of the battering ram down went the wall in ruins 1' The battle of Napoleon to ' the swell and dash of the mighty wave, before which the barrier yielded and the roaring flood poured onwards, covering all l' As thus, in these profoundly deliberated and crowning passages, in his record of the wars of the Peninsula, so equally judicial and dispassionate shone the judgment of Sir William Napier in the heat and vivacity of conversation. It was significant of the English soldier's impartiality, and of the English historian's magnanimous regard of the arch foe, that in his principal room at Scir de House (the dining-room) the only picture visible upon its walls, a picture hung, too, in the place of honour over the mantel-piece, was a portrait, not of Wellington, but of Wellington's glorious antagonist. An engraving fl om Paul de la R oche's exquisite sidelong portraiture of Napo leon, the King and Emperor. As 'the other' principal decoration of the soldier-author's salle-a-manger, there was displayed a noble trophy of arms upon the waste of wall opposite the windows of the apartme nt —sabres and muskets disposed in grim geometric arr angeme nt, having as its cen tral feature (a grac i ous an d grateful gift from the Sove reign, to be thenceforth treasured in the family of its reci pient as a priceless'heir• loom) the heraldic banner borne by the hand of General Sir 'William Francis Patrick Napier in the ever-memorable p a gert of the great Duke's fune. ral, in St. Paul's Cathedral.' "Minor Minstrelsy" contains some criticisms on small poems which is worth perusal, as it exhibits for the most part an impar tial spirit, an d displays good taste and appreciation. However, many readers may ques tion the validity of the statement that it requires a m uch smaller stock of industry, talent, and general knowledge to write two-thirds of the novels, tales, sermons, reviews, and books of travel, that make their yearly appeals to public sym pathy, than to write an average volume of the poetry that reviewers care to notice very briefly, or in the lump." "M:ria, a Modern Patriot," is another of those sketches that have before appeared of historical celebrities, not often thought of per haps, but who are, nevertheless, worthy of being brought prominently forward. Espozy Mina is described as one of those who won enduring repu tation by their exploits as guerilla leaders. His exciting and eventful career presents us with some very entertaining pages. " The Prince's Drives" is a peculiar poem, called " A Legend of the Bouddha." It is written in a graceful style, and some of the lines are very elegantly expressed. There is a pleasing description of the gardens of Loumbini, and the author exclaims at last, in admir ing ecstacy : " Tell me in sooth, If ye would not dream the dream, If ye would not be, By the forest cooled and splintered light, By the silver moon of the Indian night; Where Himalaya's shadows fall Upon the valleys of Nepaul." There is a paper on " China," which discusses some important questions relating to that empire, truly observing that it will not do to say that " China in this country means tea and cotton," but it means one fourth of the human race. There is another article on " Essays and Reviews," which is ar ranged with the same skill, and animated with the same spirit as the former one, which appeared last month in this magazine, and which reflected great credit on its authors, alike from its decision and moderation. " The Morality of Garbled Blue Books" refers to a question that recently engaged the attention of Parliament, and the system is here denounced in the strongest terms. A few pages are devoted to the works of "William Cardwell Roscoe," that have been published since his death. A high opinion is expressed of their merits, mingled with regret that he had not more time for the maturity of his powers. Eraser's Magazine. The attention of the reader of Fraser will this month be at once arrested by the opening essay, both because it treats of # subject of considerable importance, and also because he may conjecture that the pen which indited it is not altogether strange to him, but is wielded by one who has often en riched the pages of this magazine, and who has, perhaps, unusual opportunities for forming a sound opinion on public men and things. The subject dis cussed is the " Conduct of Business in Parliament." The writer boldly accepts the fact that the close of each session leaves an ever accumulating amount of unfinished work, and that as there is a continual increase of public business there is no immediate prospect of improvement. Various remedies have been suggested for this state of things, from the common suggestion of restricting the length of the debates, to Lord Derby' s p ro p osa l o f t a ki ng up a bill at the beginning of a session at the stage at which it had been left the year preceding. With the complaint as to the extent of the speeches the writer does not altogether coincide. He says, sen sibly enough, that these discussions clear a subject, dispose of many arguments, give different views a fair hearing, and bring out all the important points of a question. With regard to the length of indi vidual speeches, he observes, with truth, that the longest ones are generally those spoken by eminent men, and are of value in elucidating the subject. Without therefore denying that in many instances the long debates might be curtailed with ad vantage, the writer does not look to mere restric tion of speech as the soluiion of the problem, and, in truth, it is difficult to see how such a restriction could be made available without seriously interfering with that liberty of discussion, and that right to the expression of individual opinion, which are the very foundations of our Parliamentary inde pendence. We have not space to follow the writer through all his able and sensible essay, in which he displays the moderation and calmness of one fami liar with his subject, and thoroughly aware of the difficulties attending the practical application of universal cures. A good deal of quiet humour, too, runs through his pages. Here is his description of A BILL. "All the most deadly things have an innocent or insigni ficant look about them. What harmfulness would a savage discern in a little heap of black dust which yet would suf fice to blow his whole tribe to perdition ? A few drops of some pearly, harmless-looking liquid are potent enough to stop at once the vital force of the strongest human being. And when you look at a bill in Parliament, it does not to the uninitiated manifest its terrors. You have a mass of bluish paper with a telling title (which, however, often explains nothing), and a name or two on the back of it. Yet that innocuous-looking thing may be full of mischief —most probably is so. Dr. Johnson said something like the following of one of Pope's lines, which the Doctor was asked to explain :—' I do not know, sir, what it means ; but it was intended to annoy somebody.' So of a bill ; you may not make out very clearly what it will do ; but it is sure to be the means of annoying somebody. • There is, how ever, one good to be predicted of any bill, that it may stop the way of some other bill ; and if there be a sufficient crowd of bills, not one of them will be able to move a step How beautifully thus does nature provide against any ex tremity of evil. In another place he observes, that the history of a bill would prove a most interesting story, not infe rior to the adventures of a hero of romance, if we could trace its white days, its dark days, its struggles and misadventures, the firmness of its friends, the constancy of its enemies, and the final chapter of accidents, which carried it triumphantly through Parliament, and transformed it into law. We have afterwards a likeness of A PARLIAMENTARY BORE. • " The Parliamentary bore is generally a person without anything like method in his mind, who has uu .ystem to go upon, and no definite plan of procedure. He pecks at , an estimate. Hs dislocates a bill. On a supply day he barks the bark of a foolish dog at the wrong person. He asks a question, at a most unfitting time, upon some sub ject respecting which all prudent men would be glad to avoid any discussion whatever. If he calls for a return, and if, by chance, the matter in question is worthy of hav ing a return made about it, the terms which he uses to de scribe what he wants are so vague and so extensive, that the return, when made, will generally be found to have produced nothing but a loss of public time. " The Parliamentary bore, when he comes from his study' into his drawing-room, feels a complacent sort of pity, as he a serves his daughter practising the polka or doing crochet-work. He thinks what a waste of time those feminine occupations are 1 And, all the while, he carries in his pocket (as he is just going down in a great hurry to the house) a foolish bill, or an inapt amendment, or a mo tion for an impossible return, or a draft of an irrational question with which he is about to molest some unfortu nate Minister. In fact, he is hurrying to waste a nation's time, and to weary out the patience of all the people who will, hereafter, have to deal with his bungling work. Oh ' that he would but remain at home, and practise the polki with his daughter 1 Or, if that be too undignified, that he would sit clown quietly and send some hours in learning the mysteries of crochet-work—thus, for one evening at least, preserving the nation 7'rom the ludicrous mischief which he will probably effect, if he allows himself to go to the house with that fatal paper in his pocket." Mr. Whyte Melville continues his story of " Good for Nothing," and exhibits the old picture of" Cross Purposes" in a new form. The tale of " Ida Con way," also proceeds, and the heroine begins to gain our respect, though the story is somewhat tedious. The pleasant essayist, A. K. H. 8., gives us his re flections " Concerning Things Slowly Learnt," in his old discursive style ; professing to pride himself on his ability, to say a very little in a good many words. It is at least a satisfaction to his readers if they share his opinion, that he says it so pleasantly, combining humour and refinement, and although keen enough to detect the little foibles and meannesses of his neighbours, quite ready to regard them with genial pity and kind ness. Those who have been recently lamenting the universal enemy, that wind from the east w hich • the old rhyme tells us is " Bad for man and beast," ma y find some consolation in studying the laws which are supposed to influence their tormentor. A brief paper on " The May East Winds," g ives an interesting account of the causes which it 15 conjectured may regulate our spring weather. A review of . a work entitled " Soldiers and their Science," which bears a melancholy interest from the fact of its having been the production of the late lamented Captain Brabazon, contains much interesting matter. It sums up the chief charac teristics of the great military leaders of history, from Epaminondas to Napoleon. A thoughtful paper on " The Individu a l an d th e C row d" will repay perusal. The author maintains that great men are what their age has made them, and that they are merely the exponents of its spirit, not its leaders ; that the prevailing feeling or senti ment must find a mouthpiece for its expression America, he says, would have been discovered with out Columbus, and the Reformation would have taken place without Luther. Yet, though there is doubtless some truth in his views, he carries his theory to the extreme, since all such great minds have left their impress on their age ; they have often anticipated its convictions, they have awakened it to a sense of its wants, and have moulded or influenced its expression. However much they may have been hampered by the ne glect or the prejudices of their time, we may be sure that no great original mind has passed away leaving the world as he found it; but though the science he explored was looked on with indiffe rence, and the' truths he enunciated regarded with suspicion, yet his life and his influence lived and worked after him, preparing the way for a better and clearer day. There are also papers on Turkey and Poland ; and a conti nu ation of th e Chronicle of Current History, which is now an eventful record. Bentley's Miscellany. We have already noticed, at length, the editor's brilliant romance, which occupies a considerable portion of the magazine. The best of the other stories is the continuation o f D u dl ey C os tello's history of the adventures of "Lorn Loriot," w hich proceeds with spirit. " Oujd a " h as d eser ted English coun try houses and ball-rooms for Parisian steamers and faubourgs. His story is entirely of a different character this month and is conseq uen tly refreshi n g from its n ove l ty. I t tells an amusing tale of the adventures of a'hapless Englishman who was mis taken fora runaway debtor, and pounced upon by a set of indignant tradesmen and cheating money lenders, headed by a fair French coquette, who claim e d seven thousand francs lost to her at ecarte: Thos e who have really involved themselves in simi lar difficulties may learn how to avoid come of the clangorous class of liabilities, k n o w n as debts ct honour, by studying a very clever paper on "The Science of Card-sharping." It is founded on M. Houtlin's work, and exposes the de a % THE SUN, '!:LONDON,' THURSDAY :EVENING, MAY 2, 1861.