The Sun. — London, England, 1861-08-06 00:00:00

THEATRE -ROYAL, HA.Y.MARKET, Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buokstone. THIS EVENING, the performances will sornmenoe with a new Ballet, BACCHUS AND ARIADNE. Miss Fanny Wright, the Leclereqs, Mr. Webster, ..to. After which, a new Comedy, entitled MY LORD AND MY LADY ; or, It Might haTe been Worse. Mr. C. Mathews, Mr. Andrews, Mr. Buck stone, Mrs. Charles Mathews, Mrs. Wilkins, Aro. Followed by OF AGE TO-MORROW. Miss M. Oliver. To conclude with TURNING THE TABLES. Commence at 7. Rolf A L PRINCESS'S TEFEATRB.— Lessee and Manager, Mr. A, Harris. . T ins EVENING, the new comic drama, entitled A HOMESTEAD STORY, Messrs. Ryder Shore, and Miss BE Harris. Followed by HAMLET. Hamlet, Mr. Fechter. Sup ported by Hermann Vezin, Ryder, Meadows, &c. ; Misses 'Heath, Elsworthy, and R. Leclercq. Chancellors, observe—to say nothing of coinciding law lads, like my - Lord KINGSDOWN and my Lord WENSLEYDALE—exactIy FIVE ex-Chancellors —XI,OOO a piece deducted from their salaries, as we have said (if they are really so very devoted to the cause of economy in the interests of the nation) £l,OOO a-piece deducted from their retiring pensions would just make up the annual salary of the Chief Judge of the new Court of Bankruptcy ! Supposing they put it upon the altar of their coun try next session as a peace-offering : a peace offer ing from Lord LYNDHURST, Lord BROLIGHAM, Lord ST. LEONARDS, Lord CRANWORTH, and Lord CHELMSFORD-our Five economising Ex-Chancel- ANTE RBURY H ALL, AND FINE ARTS GALLERY. Verdi's New Opera, UN BALLO IN MASCHERA, arranged and conducted by Mr. Jonghmans. Mr. Levy on the cornet-a-piston. Mr. Wood and his talented little Son, the best Negro Delineators of the day. The extraordinary comic duet, "The Nerves," by Messrs. Harvey and French, the most grotesque performance in London. Mrs. Lawrence and Mr. Marshall in several New Songs written expressly for him, including the "Excursion to Brighton." Admission, 6d. ; Stalls and Balcony, ls. RETURN of SAM COWELL to ENGLAND, who will shortly appear at his old quarters, after an absence of five years. RE-DECORATION of this Magnificent HALL, executed by Mr. William Sanderson, of Lambeth, under the direction of Samuel Field, Esq., architect, is now completed. This popular Place of Amusement now surpasses its former randeur, and, with the FINE ARTS GALLE RY and SPACIOUS PROMENADE, forms the MOST ELEGANT PUBLIC BUILDING in the WORLD. Considerable im provementsG have been made in the VENTILATION and T H E 0 xy 0 It D 6, OXFORD-STREET. The architectural beauty, elegance of ornamentation, and brilliancy of lighting of this noble building, render it one of the sights of London. Open Every Evening. The pro gramme is varied, and includes Selections from "La Tra viat4," "Un Ballo In Maschera," &c., (by a full company of principals, powerful band, and chorus). Solos by Miss Bryant on the Piano Forte, and by Mr. Russell on the Trombone. Old English Ballad, by Miss Green, Scotch Duets by the Misses Stuart, and other vocal and instrumental music of the highest order. Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans. The Comic portion of the entertainment is supported by Messrs. M. P. Foster (in his " Life Sketches"), Sam Collins, Harvey, and French (the Nerves), E. Marshall, and W. Randall. Hall, sixpence ; Balcony and Stalls, one shilling. Private Boxes, 109. 6d. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Taste DAT.—Morning, lh. 44m.—Afternoon,' 2h. 6 m. To-uoußow.-Tvlorning, 212. 26m.—Afternoon, 12h. 46m. Ting WEATHER.—SIIN OFFICE, AUGUST 6, Is6l. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 75—highest sines noon yesterday. 55—lowest this morning and during the night. 69—this day at noon. BAROMETER-30.13. WlND—Westerly—light ; with fine weather. LONDON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 6, 1861. THE SESSION. The Parliamentary Session of 1861 has been brought to a close this afternoon. With how much accomplished ? Well, after all, perhaps, about as much as anyone could reasonably have been led to expect from the exceedingly modest programme set before both Houses in the Speech from the Throne at the time of our Legislators first coming together this year in February. As we saw then would be the case, the go-by has been given altogether to the scheme for the reform of our whole system of popular representation. The only notable reform, indeed, of any kind that has been in any way attempted has been a law reform : and that law reform we now recognise as even at this moment at the best but partially accomplished. What the Attorney-General, Sir RICHARD BETHELL, began so well, the Lord Chancellor WESTBURY has found himself unable to complete to his own entire satisfaction. The whole Body of the law, it is true, relating to Bankruptcy and In solvency, has been revised and reconstructed. But the Head is still wanting to preside over the newly organised Court of Bankruptcy. No fault this, however, either of Her MAJESTY'S Government or Her MAJESTY'S Opposition. The responsibility of striking out the Chief Judgeship devolves entirely upon the Select (and Secret) Com mittee of the House of Lords—rests exclusively with the " big wigs," the law lords, principally ex-Chan cellors! The noble and learned Lords—while in the very act of so doing—insisting, nevertheless, with a marvellous inconsistency, upon not reducing the present Commissioners (as the ex-Attorney- General, the present Lord Chancellor, proposed) from Eight to Five, but deciding peremptorily that there shall yet remain these Eight Commissioners ! So that the" eco aomy here is really for all the world very much like the Irishman's blanket—a bit being cut off one end, and tacked on the other end imme diately afterwards. The public must be spared the cost of the Chief Judge forsooth—only to that it may pay the more for the three additional Commis sioners ! So reason —upon the plea of economy ! the ex-Chancellors. By those " potent, grave, and—almost by reason of their solemnity—reverend seigniors" the House of Commons has been thus denied the luxury of spending another annual £5,000 by way of sal ary to the proposed new Chief Judge of the Court of Bankruptcy. Encouraged probably to this fresh evidence of shal low economy by a recollection of the House of Lords' refusal last session to confirm the abolition of th e Paper Duties previously decided upon by the Rouse of Commons—encouraged probably to this addi tional display of shallow economy (based upon the " penny wise, pound foolish" principle) the law lords decided in Select (and Secret) Committee upon saving £5,000 every year to the country by rejecting the project for the creation of the Chief Judge of the New Court of Bankruptcy. It never occurred to the noble and learned lords, probably, that by deducting £l,OOO a-piece from their own pensions some ironical censor might have suggested that the new judge could still be remunerated with not much injustice, certainly with a due regard to the general economy in vogue among the law lords—even supposing that their as toundingly improbable estimate be correct, namely, that no more than 14 days' work out of every 365 could be found for the newly-created functionary so remunerated! Assuredly the law lords ought to be about the last persons to enveigh against the e xtravagance of awarding £5,000 per annum for the Chief Judge of the new Court of Bankruptcy. And among the law lords none ought to remain so silent upon a subject of this kind than the venerable ea -Chancellors. Yet it has proved quite impossible, apparently, for the law lords, but especially for the ex - Chancello rs , to refrain from this almost unseemly showof parsimon3,in reje c ti ng as extravagant t i le sug gestion that i. 5,0 00 p er mum should be set down as the salary of the Chi e f • audge, the working judge of the rew Court of Bankruptcy, Nor has this been in any way a party movo—seeie that the v DI2C of Lord CRANWORTH and. Lord BROUGHAM have been raised quite as potentially in opp o sition: as that of Lord CIIIILIIISFORD, a n d together a ith these the voices alt to of that "old man eloquent; Lord LYNDHURST, al id that profoundest of all living lawyers, Lord ST. 'l-IIONARDS. Exactly Flys e.x_ It is obvious, therefore, that the mutilation of the one solitary specimen of a great Law Reform ad ventured upon this year by Her MAJESTY'S Go vernment, cannot, for an instant, be charged as a crime against the Opposition. This muti lation —one, by the way, as we have shown, of a very serious kind, consisting in truth of nothing less serious than "decapitation" so to speak—the Chief Judge being even in the estimation of the Select (or Secret) Committee of the Lords, " the head and front" of the Bill's offend ing—this mutilation of the Bankruptcy Bill is notoriously attributable to the Law Lords, Whig and Tory, Liberal and Conservative, to the Law Lords alone, and not to any party spite or political spleen en the side of the Opposition. As for that little ghostly shadow of a substitute for a measure of Parliamentary Reform of even the most moderate and most modest dimensions, the Appropriation of Seats (Sudbury and St. Albans) Bill—well, certainly in that instance, the Opposi tion has clearly enough contrived to show at once its strength, its pertinacity, and its adroitness, The Tories have contrived, in fact, to work their own wicked will in the treatment of Sir G. LEWIS'S Little Bill, now grown out of all knowledge—yielding a fair prospect of the lion's share of the four seats to the Conservatives in this newly contrived method of " appropriation." One Admiralty improvement ought also to be borne in recollection as among the few notable achievements of the expired session —to wit the organisation of the new Navy Reserve, ensuring henceforth to the Royal and National Maritime Service the very pick of the finest sailors taken from our British merchantmen. Several of the Committees, at least, have been industrious during 1861—if the House itself has, in some particulars more signally than usual, contrived to be at once idle and talkative. The Admiralty Committee has, it is true, effected little practical good—the inopportune escape of Sir BALDWIN WALKER (an escape con nived at, if not more directly originated, by the powers that be), auguring but ill at the outset for the success of its labours. Not thus has it been at any rate with one of the Royal Commissions appointed this year —meaning the Royal Commission entrusted with the task of investigating the hitherto problematical question of the Thames Embankment. If only our Legislators and Administrators will content them selves with the valuable suggestions embodied in the admirable report of that very able Commission, we may at length, and that moreover before many months have passed, be in a fair way of seeing a be ginning actually made towards the construction of these long talked of Thames Embankment. Apart from the Legislative sayings and doings of 1861, the interest of the session now just brought to a close has consisted chiefly in the sustained viva city of the contest " never ending, still beginning" from February to August, between the Government and the Opposition. Once or twice, upon very rare occasions, occasions of great emergency, the Cabinet, when fairly put upon its mettle, has contrived to baulk the evil designs of its confronting antagonists. Otherwise, in the vast majority of instances, the stereotyped close of division after division has been this :—" Against the Government, so many. (Loud and prolonged cheers from the side of the Oppo sition.)" This particularly upon Wednesday ! And all the while, slowly and steadily, as seat by seat became vacant through death, through resignation —as members have dropped off from the ranks of the weakened and diminished supporters of the Government—their successors have added one by one to the formidable and increasing aggregate of the Conservative Opposition. The Prorogation comes at length, indeed almost as benignantly as a reprieve to her MAJESTY'S Go vernment. The conclusion of the contest, that has been carried on so vigorously, and with such varying fortunes, all through 1861, is to "come off," as speedily as may be, after the meeting of Parliament again in February next. Prior to which date Ministers will have, at any rate, half a year during which to prepare themselves in earnest for the perils they will then most certainly have to encounter. Look ing back to their achievements during this last session of 1861, it is impossible for us not to avow at once quite frankly that they have given the country but small reason indeed to hope with any thing like hearty solicitude for their preservation much longer in power as the so-called Liberal but really do-nothing Coalition. We are well pleased to believe that, as we hinted yesterday, we may regard the account of the heavy losses of life, in the great American battle, as an exaggeration. Nothing, indeed, like a trustworthy statement has reached us or can reach us yet ; still if the Federalist fugitives did not go quite so far as old FALSTAFF, one can but suspect that they made the most of the horrors they _bad left b e hi n d , to j ustify, so far as it might, their leaving them at all. The second day's accounts of Federalist losses, accordingly, fell wonderfully below that of the first, some even putting them down at less than 1,000 killed and wounded. One cor respondent even compares the different accounts to the mountain in labour, and th e r idi culus mus. It is, however, quite too early to speak with anything like precision, but the unquestionably modifying facts are that the accounts from the South speak only of General BEAUREGARD maintaining his position, of a very severe battle, an d ~ gr ea t slaughter on both sides," and of one battery of light artillery, which indeed had been left at the road side, being taken. It is easier to perceive what seem to be the chief causes both of the repulse and the rout. The Con federates had deliberately planned to draw the Federal army upon a fortified position, which small numbers might hold against an army. For this purpose they had abandoned, as if intimidated, slight works intended only to deceive. So, nearer still, the Confederate batteries could not be got to reply till they could do it with a vengeance, and stem any advance made a4ainst them. It was, so far, the generalship of Parthianism and ambuscades. But in addition to this, all accounts represent the arrival of JOHNSTONE'S men fresh and fit for action when the Federalists were thoroughly worn out, as the turning point of the day. Assuming the truth of what every one says, how can we account for it ? General JOHNSTONE was in front of General PAT TERSON in North Western Virginia, where the least he should have done, with certainly an equal body of men, would have been to hold his opponent away from Manassas. Re had beaten him at Martinsburg, and had followed him some way further ; and all , -\ - 1041 r - 0 :i- ''' r• -'. .- *-„,,t_ t ' "(''.-,:'-- \ 1 0 " -9° ...." '' - r.•;.V 1"-- , ':_::: - v+.00.1,,, A F , : - .. 1 4 i•--'lgaN - ,:„,,,, 1,,,-VIT ' 9,, 'L I ' 4 ,- " -,9. " . k.t: 1 r . -,,, 0 , - , • \ " " , THE SUN. NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.- Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. Reproduction of the great drama of "The Dead Heart." THIS EVENING-, the great Adelphi drama, THE DEAD HEART. Messrs. B. Webster, J. L. Toole, Fisher, Billing ton, Eburne, Smith, Romer ; Miss Woolgar and Miss Kate Kelly. To conclude with (19th time) THE PRETTY HORSE BREAKER. Mr. J. L. Toole, Mr. Paul Bedford; Miss K. Kelly, Miss Woolgar, Miss E. Thorne, Miss Laidlaw, and Mrs. Chatterley, Doors open at half past 6—Commence at 7. ,ors. THE !!,SUN I LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING; AUGUST supposed that General SCOTT did not intend to operate in front till PATTERSON and M'CLELLAN, from Western Virginia, were ready to act on BEAITREGARD'S flank. On the contrary, BEAURE GARD was able to call in his troops from the West in time, according to these concurrent statements, to supply with them the place of his own wearied men. We have a strong impression, indeed we have several times hinted at the danger, that General SCOTT was compelled to fight against his own better judgment. His forces in action would appear to have been, numerically, hardly equal to those of the enemy ; he, too, was in Eastern Virginia, in an enemy's country. His natural policy is plainly that of excessive caution. His flanking divisions are yet far away, and there seems to have been nothing strategic to require him to precipitate his troops on strong and skilfully constructed works, when ill trained troops would, as he well knew, fight his own equally ill-trained ones with very great ad vantage. Of one thing, however, there can be no question —the completeness of the rout. We have this fact from a witness whose testimony is unimpeach able, and our readers will find it 'at length in our columns. Mr. RUSSELL, who had seen enough of all phases of war, had never seen such a perfect panic as that which hurried on the retreating army, first to Centreville, and then through Fairfax Court-house to Alexandria and Washington ; it was running for life, when no one was to be seen or heard pursuing. If he remonstrated, or merely suggested a little less hurry, a soldier, who chanced to have kept his gun, would have shot him on the spot, but for his gun missing fire, Every kind of military equipage, guns, knapsacks, stores conveyed in waggons, were all tossed away as if the CZAR'S Cossacks had been at their heels. A more disgraceful flight was hardly ever heard of ; and these men were the choice spirits who were, but a few days before, to pour forth their blood like water for the dear UNlON—and SLAVERY. To this cry, indeed, we trace to some extent the great disaster. We have said that BEAUREGARD'S strategy was an able one of ambuscade. Of what availwould the ambuscade have been if every negro employed in constructing his works had been a spy ? But for the fatal slavery policy of the North, such might have been the case. Had the Northerns hoisted the banner of emancipation—had they pro claimed that every negro on territory where the Federal Government had been resisted was hence forth free; that as fast as the Federal army advanced freedom should become a fact ; that every fugitive should be welcomed ; that if he brought information of the enemy's doings which proved useful and true, he should be rewarded—why, then, General BEAUREGARD would have carried on his operations in a glass house. Every battery would have been known of. The Black guides could have pointed M'DOWELL to every covert which concealed its gun or its riflemen. They would have neutralised the most dangerous part of his enemy's de vices. Instead of this, what do we find but on the very eve of the advance, a proclamation repelling all future fugitives, warning them that the rear of the army was to be no covert for them, and even refusing to receive them, as lately, as " contraband of war !" Resolutions were even ac cepted in Congress declaring it no part of the business of the war to put an end to slavery, though a singular resolution also passed declaring all rebel property, including slaves, confiscated. Perhaps, however, it was intended to sell this kind of property also for the benefit of the Washington treasury. We must confess that on this account, as well as others, this shameful defeat appears to us to carry with it certain possible advantages. The North may find that by pursuing a pro-slavery policy, it not only deserves to fail, but will fail. Its cause at present is hardly less ignoble than that of the south ; England and Christian Europe can feel but little interest in immense armaments not to root out of Christendom the disgrace of American slavery, but to reunite it to the free States of the North. We may well hope that PROVIDENCE will show it to be impossible to conquer back the South but by doing justice to the Negro. And, we must say, that till the North comes to this, we do not know why, on the grounds of philanthropy and religion, we should feel much interest in her triumph. We care but little how great or how little the once United States are ; in their days of bigness their behaviour has not been such as to make other nations care much that they should take the same position again ; and if they will not do away with slavery, we are by no means sure that it might not be quite as well for the Slave States to be separated from the Free. We hate the cause of the South, but we cannot love the cause of the North. COURT CIRCULAR. OSBORNE, Am 5. Her Majesty and his Royal Highness the Prince Con sort, accompanied by Count and Countess de Lacroma, the Crown: Prince and Princess of Prussia, Princess Alice, Princess Helena, and Princess Louise, embarked in the Fairy this morning at half-past 10 o'clock, and steamed towards Cowes. Her Majesty held a Council afterwards, at which were present his Royal Highness the Prince Con sort, Earl Granville, the Lord Chancellor, Viscount Pal merston, the Duke of Newcastle, Earl Russell, the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, Chancellor of the Exchequer; the Right Hon. E. Cardwell, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lan caster ; the Earl of St. Germans, Lord Steward ; and Viscount Sydney, Lord Chamberlain. At the Council the Royal Speech, on closing the Session of Parliament (this day), was submitted anJ approved. Mr. A. Helps, the Clerk of the Privy Council, attended. Earl Russell had an audience of the Queen. His Excellency M. Musurus, the Turkish Ambassador, had an audience of the Queen and delivered his credentials. His Excellency was introduced by Earl Russell, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. Viscount Palmerston had an audience of Her Majesty. Mr. Roundell Palmer, Solicitor-General, was presented to the Queen at an audience by Earl Russell, one of Her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, and received from the Queen the honour of knighthood. The Chancellor of the Exchequer and Earl Granville had audiences of the Queen. EASTERN COUNTIES RAILWAY.—Time was when this company was often very unjustly saddled with other companies' misdemeanours. It became quite the fashion to attribute the casualties and irregularities of other lines to Eastern Counties' mismanagement. If a driver stopped his train to chase a hare, or gather a cap of mushrooms, the Eastern Counties obtained public credit for the freak; and, even recently, our facetious friend, Mr. Punch—speak ing of the lett er "1" h av i ng f a ll en f rom th e wor d " l aw f u l," and making an advertisement to read thus :—" People to whom thew packages are directed are requested to come his farrodlicanudypoany t t h hi e .s aw m fu u l ch charges forward on the the same"—shoulders ars consequently unaware that e the com E p a a s n te y rn ; w c h o i un lst ti t e h s e , to dive into railway statistics, to any Tthe o r f Maj under the able chairman h . become milli sec gentleman in the kingdom. or Love, has undu e s s came off on zatnuradnadyhliasscto-idnirtehce- I The annual treat given by that tors to their employ cg shape of an excursion to Southend ; on which occasion 2 cou ple of trains,of'rtlir ne thirty c arriages engines, in an drawneontai nbeytswkonoaf the o p ftt an i ' r s powerful atford at an early hour, under the p res ides°nc° seuls, 0 cuu le of `Vin. Kitson, Esq., the locomotive superintendent; re turning before eleven in the evening without a single mis hap. The excursionists were accompanied by the two bands of the Sth Essex (Eastern Counties) Rifle Volunteers, i n their uniform, who contribated much to the day's enjoy. ment. It is pleasant to witness the existence of such good feeling between the employers and employed in so large a community; and too much praise cannot be accorded to a management which is characterised by respectability, punc tuality, courtesy, and general desire to meet the public requirement. BALTIMORE, July 22.—The Delaware, from Deme rara, arrived here, reports having been boarded on the 18th of July in lat. 36, long. 75, by the United States steamer Albatross, having in charge two prizes, one a schooner from Galveston, and the other a brig from Charleston. THE PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS.—(Tms DAY.) The ceremony of proroguing Parliament took place this afternoon with the usual formalities, but without any of the interest with which that event is invested when her Majesty attends in person. The Royal Commissioners entered the house at two o'clock, at which time very few peers were present, and commanded the Usher of the Black Rod to summon the Commons to the bar of their lordships' house to hear the Royal Assent given to several bills, and also her Majesty's most gracious speech proroguing Parliament. - NEW PEER. Lord FITZHARDINGE (late Sir M. F. Berkeley) took the oaths and his seat as a Peer of the United Kingdom. THE GALWAY CONTRACT. The Marquis of CLANRICARDE wished to know what were the intentions of the Government with respect to the Galway contract. Their lordships, on a former occasion, had been told that the report of the committee considering thet subject: must first be received before any statement of the Government could be made. That report had been re ceived, and the only step taken in the matter was in direct violation of the recommendation of the committee. After a few words from Lord MONTEIGLE, Lord STANLEY of ALDERLEY said the result of the investigation of the committee was that the Government were justified in putting an end to the contract, as the company were totally unable to continue it in a satisfac tory manner. The chairman of the committee further stated that that company, owing to certain unfortunate accidents, were entitled to have their case fully considered at the end of the year, in order that they might be enabled to show that they were in a condition to carry out that con tract more efficiently for the future. The chairman had also stated that he did not see that the contract could be resumed before February, 1862, and as Parliament would be then sitting, he thought that the subject might be left till that occasion. He could assure the noble lord that everything the company could offer in favour of again performing the service would receive the best consideration of the Govern ment. On the arrival of the Commons, The LORD CHANCELLOR announced to them that her Majesty, not thinking fic to be present on the occasion, had " directed her Commissioners to give her assent to several public and private bills ;" and the following bills were passed in the usual form : Consolidated Fund Appropriation Appropriation of Seats (Sudbury and St. Albans) Trustees (Scotland) Conjugal Rights (Scotland) ' Municipal Corporations Act Amendment Removal of Irish Poor Public Works (treland) Windsor Suspended Canonries Accessories and Abettors Criminal Statutes Repeal Larceny, &c. Malicious Injuries to Property Forgeries Coinage Offences Offences against the Person Wills of Personalty (British Subjcots) Government of the Navy Bankruptcy and Insolvency Metropolitan Gas Act Amendment Lace Factories Gunpowder Act Amendment Episcopal and Capitular Estates Public Works and Harbours Lord Clerk Register Salary Abolition Durham University Metropolitan Building Act Amendment Drainage of Land Public Offices Site Pensions (British Forces) Edinburgh University Inland Revenue Stamp Duties on Probates Revenue Departments Accounts Rut India Loan Militia Pay Militia Ballot Suspension Corrupt Practices Prevention Act Continued Landed Estates (Ireland) Metropolitan Police District Receiver Wills and Domiciles of British Subjects Abroad lnd 3ranity Enlistment in India Portpatrick Harbour (Scotland) Leases by Incumbents Restriction Local Government Supplemental Volunteer Tolls Exemption Treasury Chest Fund. Naval Reserve Parochial Offices Board of Health Statute Law Revision. The great business of the day, the prorogation of Parlia ment, followed immediately upon the Royal assent being given to the above bills. It consisted simply in the Lord Chancellor reading the Royal Speech, which was as follows : "MY LORDS AND GENTLEMEN, " We are commanded by her Majesty to release you from further attendance in Parliament, and at the same time to convey to you her Majesty's acknowledgments for the zeal and assiduity with which you have applied yourselves to the performance of your duties during the session of Parlia ment now brought to a close. " Her Majesty commands us to inform you that her rela tions with foreign Powers are friendly and satisfactory, and her Majesty trusts that there is no danger of any disturb ance of the peace of Europe. " The progress of events in Italy has led to the union of the greater part of that peninsula in one monarehy under King Victor Emmanuel. Her Majesty has throughout abstained from any active interference in the transactions which have led to this result, and her earnest wish as to these affairs is, that they may be settled in the manner best suited to the welfare and happiness of the Italian people. " The dissensions which arose, some noimths ago, in the United States of North America have, unfortunately, as sumed the character of open war. Her Majesty, deeply lamenting this calamitous result, has determined, in com mon with the other Powers of Europe, to preserve a strict neutrality between the contending parties. " Her Majesty commands us to inform you that the mea sures adopted for the restoration of order and tranquillity in Syria, in virtue of Conventions between her Majesty, the Emperor of Austria, the Emperor of the French, the King of Prussia, the Emperor of Russia, and the Sultan, having accomplished their purpose, the European troops which, in pursuance of those Conventions, were for a time stationed in Syria to co-operate with the troops and authori ties of the Sultan have been withdrawn; and her Majesty trusts that the arrangements which have been made for the administration of the districts which had been disturbed will henceforward secure their internal tranquillity. " Her Majesty has seen with satisfaction the rapid im• provement in the internal condition of her East Indian territories, and the progress which has been made towards equalising the revenue and expenditure of that part of her Empire. " GENTLEMEN OF TUB HOUSE OF COMMONS, " Her Majesty commands us to convey to you her warm acknowledgments for the liberal supplies which you have granted for the service of the present year; and her Majesty hag seen with satisfaction that after amply pro viding for the wants of the public service, you have been able to make a sensible diminution in the taxes levied upan her people. "MY LORDS AND GENTLEMEN, " Her Majesty commands us to express to you the deep gratification with which she has witnessed the spirit of devoted patriotism which continues to animate her volun teer forces ; * . ..nd the admiration with which she has observed their rapid progress in discipline and military efficiency. " Her Majesty has given her cordial assent to the act for completing the number of the members of the House of Commons by allotting the forfeited seats of Sudbury and St. Albans. " Her Majesty trusts that the act for improving the laws relating to Bankruptcy and Insolvency will be productive of important advantage to the trade and commerce of her subjects. " Her Majesty has given her ready assent to Acts for consolidating and assimilating the criminal law of Eng land and Ireland, and for promoting the revision of the statute law. "Her Me,jeoy has given her assent to important Acts which she trusts will have the effect of opening more largely employment in the public service to the European and native inhabitants of India; of improving the means of legislation ; of furthering the ends of justice ; and of pro moting the contentment and well-being of all classes of her Majesty's Indian subjects. "Her Majesty has assented with pleasure to the Act for the improvement of harbours on the coast of the United Ki ngdom, and f ur re li ev i ng merc h ant s hi pp i ng f rom pass , n g toll s , an d also to the Act for improving the administra tion of the law relating to the relief and the removal of the poor. " Her Majesty trusts that the Act for rendering more easy arrangements connected with the drainage of land will assist ag-ricultural improvements in many parts of the United Kingdom. " Her Majesty has gladly given her assent to other mea- 6, 1861. sures of public usefulness, the result of your labours during the Session now brought to its close. "Her Majesty has observed with heartfelt satisfaction the spirit of loyalty, of order, and of obedience to the law, which prevails throughout all her dominions, and she trusts that by wise legislation and a just administration of the law, the continuance of this happy state of things will be secured . " On returning to your respective counties you will still have important public duties to perform ; and her Majesty fervently prays that the blessing of Almighty God may attend your exertions, and may guide them to the attain ment of the object of her Majesty's constant solicitude--the welfare and happiness of her people." The Royal Commission commanding their lordships to prorogue Parliament having been read, The LORD CHANCELLOR said—By virtue of the Com mission which has just been read, I declare in the name of her Majesty the Queen, that this Parliament is prorogued until the 22d day of October next. This house is 'now adjourned. This terminated the ceremony. HOUSE OF COMMONS—(TnIs DAY). The_SPEAKER took the chair at half-past 1 o'clock. THE GALWAY CONTRACT. In answer to Mr. BRADY, Lord PALMERSTON entered upon a lengthened state ment with regard to the circumstances connected with the Galway contract, and stated that he was disposed to give a favourable consideration to the claims of the company when ever they could show that they were in a position to carry out their contract. At present he did not think the com pany were in such a position, and he did not think that the Government could enter into any contract without the' approbation of Parliament, which he hoped would not meet again till the beginning of next year. If at that time the company should be found to be in a position to make any proposition, the Government would be willing to con sider it with a view to submit it to Parliament. He could not at present say what would be the best point for depar ture, Galway, Cork, or Foyne. That would be a matter for future consideration. AMERICA. Mr. NVYLD inquired whether her Majesty's Government had received any communication from the President of the United States, or from the British Ambassador at Washington, thatit was the intention of the Government of the United States to station vessels off the ports of the Southern States of America to collect and levy duties upon foreign merchandise? Lord PALMERSTON said that the American Congress had passed a bill empowering the President, if he thought fit, to do what his hon. friend specified. The Government did not know what were the intentions of the American President on the subject. THE POOR LAW. Mr. COBBETT inquired whether applications had been made by master manufacturers of the northern and midland districts to boards of London to send parish children as ap prentices into such districts ? Sir G. GREY said that such communications had been made. They were in print and would be laid before the house. THE NEAPOLITAN TROOPS. Mr. D. GRIFFITH asked the First Lord of the Trea sury whether the Government had received accounts that 30,000 muskets which had been taken by the French authorities from Neapolitan troops crossing into the Roman territory, from before Gaeta, during the siege of that place, had been allowed by the French to be made use of in arm ing the bands of brigands and Bourbonists which have been organised within the Papal territory for the invasion of the Southern Provinces of Italy. Lord PALMERSTON said that the arms were given over to the Papal Government, that being the Government of the country. Any distribution of arms since that time could not be by the French Government, but by the Papal Government. The belief was that they had been distri buted amongst people who were collected to make a disturb ance. IRISH AFFAIRS. Mr. SCULLY was calling the attention of the house to the omissions of the Government in relation to Irish affairs, when he was interrupted by Sir AT.TGI:STUS CLIFFORD, who summoned the house to the House of Peers to hear the Royal assent given to cer tain bills, and to the prorogation of P arliament. The Speaker was accompanied by Lord Palmerston, Sir George Grey, Sir R. Peel, Mr. Clive, Mr. Brand, and other members. On the return of the Speaker the house was adjourned) and the session of 1861 was at an end. THE LATE PRINCE CZARTORYSKI. Several of the journals publish a document drawn up by the late Prince Czartoryski, dated Montfermeil, near Paris, the 14th of July, a little before his death, and setting forth his poli tical views. After some preliminary observations he says:— "It is now th© duty of the refugees to set forth and to explain in foreign countries what takes place in Poland, to defend our rights in presence of public opinion and of the Govern ments of Europe, and to create er develope with the foreign Powers such relations as may end in the enfranchisement of our native land and in the consolidation in the future of its existence and its independent action. Thus understanding and accomplishing their duties, the refugees will aid the national enterprise, and those who have hitherto held functions must not be relieved from them by any event, any circumstance, whether favourable or unfavourable, so long as Poland, free and independent, shall not herself have desig nated her representatives abroad. In the trials which have to be undergone, and which are per haps the last the country will have to endure, everyone ought to weigh in his conscience if what he does for his country is really all that he can do in the position he occupies." Referring to the conduct of the members of his own family, the Prince observes : " I have seen with extreme satisfaction my son Ladislaus, from the day at which he attained to manhood, devote himself entirely.to the public service—make it his sole object and his exclusive occupation. I hope that he will continue to do so ; that no consideration or circumstance will turn him aside from that duty, and that the country will also possess in him a useful servant. I there fore call on him to continue the work to which. without any ambitious views for myself or family, I have devoted many years, and I appeal to him with the more confidence that he has already by his activity and relations acquired abroad a posi tion which permits him henceforth to occupy him self usefully with the internal wants of the country, and to take his part in the task which now falls on the refugees. I entreat my eldest son Witold, who hitherto with incomparable generosity has made it his highest ambition to support his brother, to continue to give him proofs of the same noble de votedness, and to display the tender solicitude which he has always manifested for him. In so doing he will stilt possess a wide field to serve the country, and he will find his recompense in his own con science. I know that in writing th, se lines I say nothing which his excellent heart has not already suggested to him, but I have wished to make known to him clearly what are my precise views." This interesting document, which may be termed the political testament of the deceased Prince, con cludes in these terms : " Two ideas, both of which are equally true and equally important, have guided me in life :—I have always said to myself that unisn is strength,' and that the isolated man is doomed to misfortune.' I recommend the first of these ideas to my family and companions, and the second to my son Ladislaus. In every part of Poland there are men with whom I am united by the precious ties of blood, of friend ship, and of old and constant connexion. It is not permitted me to name them, and yet I wish that they should know the profound gratitude I feel for what they have done for me, or rather with me for our country. I have often raised my voice to remind my countrymen of their urgent duties, of the wants and the dangers of the cause. Those wants and those dangers are now generally understood, and the men whom the nation justly venerates will know on all occasions how to maintain indispensable unity in the country, and to give to efforts a common direction. With a profound sentiment of humility and of tenderness I thank God for having permitted me to live up to the moment at which the future of my country is beginning to become brighter after a century of uncertainty. In the course of my long life I have acquired the conviction that, whenever the hand of God has weighed heavily on us, it was not to ruin us, but to render us better. Let us hope, then, in His mercy. Let us hope in the interces sion of our celestial Queen, and, in each of our acts, let us rather have in view eternal triumph than what appears to promise temporary success. May Thy will be done, Lord God Almighty ! " A. CZARTORYSKI." RELEASE OF MR. FERNANDEZ, OF WAKEFIELD. — At the late assizes at York, during the trial of Mr. Charles• worth for bribery, at Wakefield, Mr. Baron Martin, being of opinion that Mr. Fernandez, after his examination, had purged his contempt incurred in not giving evidence at the previous assizes, intimated to him that he would sup port any application that might be made to the Secretary of State for the remission of the remainder of his imprison ment, which was to have extended over a period of six months. An application was accordingly made shortly afterwards to the proper quarter ; and this being backed by the recommendation of the Judge. the welcome document from the Secretary of State's office, for the release of Mr. Fernandez, arrived at York Castle on Sunday morning last He was, of course, immediately discharged. LATEbT NEW S. PARIS, AUG. 6. The Empress will leave Paris this evening for Eaux Bonnes. TURIN, AUG. 6. The subscriptions to the National Loan have been very numerous. They will probably be sub ject to a reduction of 7 per cent. The news from Naples is more satisfactory. FRANCE. PARIS, AUG. 5. BOURSE, August s.—The market has been firm and with a fair amount of business doing, but with out any improvement in prices. Threes, for the Account, are now at 68f 20c. Railway Shares quiet, but firm, at about Saturday's quotations. The following are the last quotations :- 4i per per Cents ... 97 90 Credit Foncier 1205 Do end month.... 98 —{ Belgian 44 3 per Cents Do. end month 6B 20 Roman Bank Shares 2890 -- Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 692 50 Spanish Threes 47i Do. Account 695 Home Debt RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1405 1407 b 0 Northern 972 50 .. 975 -- New ditto 9OO .. 900 Lyons and Mediterranean 1003 75 .. 1007 50 Geneva 342 50 .. 345 Southern 605 607 50 Western Eastern Sardinian • . Austrian Lombard 522 50 .. 623 75 AMERICA. LIVERPOOL, MONDAY. The Royal Mail steamship Canada which touche i at Queenstown on Saturday evening, arrived here yesterday. The papers are full of accounts of the disasters to the Federal arms at Bull's Run on the 21st, and which at first was heralded as a great victory by the Northern journals; but we publish a much more trustworthy account from our special corres pondent elsewhere. Washington letters of the 23d state that the hotels were crowded, and that numbers of soldiers from the defeated army were lying about in the streets unable to obtain shelter. The Secretary of War had addressed the New York Union Defence Committee in the following encouraging terms : " Cheer our friends to active exertions that we may speedily retrieve yesterday. We are making vigorous efforts to concentrate an irresistible army at this point. Regiments are now arriving, and many have left for the capital. Our works on the south side of the Potomac are being well manned. The capital is safe." . _ . The disaster at Bull's Run had reanimated the volunteer spirit, and thousands of fresh troops had offered their services to the Government. The Senate, on the 22d, passed a bill to provide for iron-clad ships and floating batteries, and the joint resolution providing for a Board to examine the Stevens' floating battery at Hoboken also passed. The Bill providing for the confiscation of the pro perty of persons found in rebellion against the Go vernment was passed, after being amended so as to include slaves. Mr. Vandever, of lowa, offered a resolution which was at first objected to, but sub sequently passed, declaring that the maintenance of the Constitution and the preservation of the Union are paramount duties, and that "no disasters shall discourage us from their performance." Mr. Crit tenden, of Kentucky, then again pressed his reso lutions, offered a few days previously, declaring that " the present civil war has been forced upon us; that the war is not waged for conquest or sub jugation, and that as soon as the law is vindicated the war ought to cease. They were passed with only two dissenting votes.' Congress had not modified the Morrill tariff. The chief alterations are a large increase of the duty on sugar, molasses, and spices, and the establishment of a very high rate upon tea and coffee, and a few other articles hitherto free, but exempting goods on shipboard bound to the United States and goods in public stores from the new provisions. General Banks, in command at Baltimore, had found it necessary to arrest several persons of Seces sionist tendencies, so great was the rejoicing at the Federal defeat in that city. Several vessels which had put into Northern ports rcported having been chased or overhauled by pri vateers. On the 7th of July the schooner S. J. Waring was seized by the Jefferson Davis, which put a prize crew of five men on board, after taking the captain, mate, and two seamen of the schooner on board the privateer. On July 16th, when off Charleston, the steward, a coloured man, named Tilman, taking advantage of the prize crew being asleep, killed three of. them with a hatchet and threw them overboard, and having intimidated the other two, managed to navigate the schooner toNew York. The brig Cuba, bound from Trinidad for London, captured by the Sumter, had been recap tured by the captain (Strout) and taken into New York. At Pensacola the Confederates were actively en gaged throwing up more batteries. The Missouri Convention on the 23d, by 45 to 21, declared the Presidency, held by General Price last Session, vacant, and General Robert Wilson, the former Vice-President, was elected President unanimously. A large body of Confederates, from South-East Missouri, were marching on Pilot Knob, the southern terminus of the Iron Mountain Rail road, and Col. Bland, stationed at that point, had sent for reinforcements. MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT DAVIS. The Canada called off Cape Race for late tele grams from the United States, but, unfortunately, no news despatch had been received at that station. Private telegrams to the 26th of July, however, report that no movement of importance had occurred at the seat of war subsequent to the Canada's depar ture from Halifax. The New York stock market was steady. The screw steamer City of Baltimore, from Liver pool for New York, passed Cape Race, and landed her news there on the 25th ult. The Confederate Congress had assembled at Rich mond, and a telegram from that place, received in the Northern States vsa New Orleans, gives the following summary of the Message of President Davis:— " Mr. Davis states that his inaugural called atten tion to the causes which farmed the Confederacy, and that it is now only necessary to call attention to such facts as have occurred during the recess, and to matters connected with the public defence. He congratulates Congress on the accession to the Con federacy of other equal Sovereign States. It was deemed advisable to remove the archives of the several departments to Richmond, to which place Congress had already removed the seat of Govern ment. " The aggressive movements of the enemy have induced prompt and energetic action. The accumulation of the enemy's forces on the Potomac has been sufficiently demonstrative that his efforts are directed against Virginia, and from no point could the necessary measures for her protection be so efficiently directed as from our capital. The rapid progress of the last few months has stripped the veil behind which the true policy and purposes of Mr. Lincoln's Government had been previously concealed, and they are now fully re vealed. The message of their President, the action of their Congress during its present Session, confess the intention of subjugating the seceded States by war, a folly which is only equalled by its wicked ness—a war by which it is impossible to attain the proposed result. While its dire calamities cannot be avoided by us, they will fall with re d oubled severity on themselves. " Commencing in March last with an affectation of ignorance of the secession of the seven States which organised the Confederate Government ; per sisting in April in absurd assumption of the exist caw of a riot Whi c h . wasto be dispersed by a posso cometatus ; continuing in successive months false representations that the States intended offensive war in spite of conclusive evidence to the contrary:, furnished as well by official action as by the basis of the Constitution, the President of the United States succeeded in deluding the people of those States into the belief that the purpose of this Go vernment was not peace at home, but conquest abroad; not the defence of their liberties, but the subjugation of the people of the United States. "The series of manoeuvres by which the impres sion was created, the acts by which they were devised, and the perfidy by which they were exe cuted, are already known. Could it be supposed they would make openly their success a subject of boast and self-laudation in the Executive Message? "Fortunately for truth, Mr. Lincoln's Message minutely details the attempt to reinforce Fort Sumter in violation of the armistice, of which be confesses to have been informed only bY rumour too vague and uncertain to crea te any attention. Hostile attempts to supPlY Fort Sumter are admitted to have been under taken with a knowledge that their success Was impossible. The sending a notice to the Governor of South Carolina of the intended ruse for the accomplishment of this object, and, quoting from the inaugural, that there would be no conflict unle ss these States were the aggressors, and proceeding to declare that his conduct, as in the past will be for the future, was in performance of this promise: which could not be misunderstood. in &fiance of our statement that he gave notice of the approach of a hostile fleet, he charges these States with being the assailants of the Union. The world cannot !pis' understand this unfounded pretence. " Mr. Lincoln expresses concern that some foreign nations have so shaped their action as if they ear posed the early destruction of the Union probable. He abandons further disguise, and proposes to make the contest short and decisive, and confesses that even an increased force is demanded. These enor' mous preparations are a distinct avowal that th e United States are engaged in a conflict with a gre at and powerful nation, and are compelled to abando n the pretence of dispersing rioters and suppressing insurrection, and ere driven to the acknowledgme nt that the Union is dissolved. They recognise th e separate existence of the Confederate States by i n : direction, by embargo, and blockade, by which al communication between the two is cut off. Thl repudiate the foolish idea that the inhabitants the Confederacy are still citizens of the United States, for they are now waging an indiscrimina te war upon them with a savage ferocity unknown t ° modern civilisation. "Mr. Davis then compares the present in/ 1191(311 to that of Great Britain i n 1781, b u t w hich ¶0 conducted in a more civilised manner. "Mankind will shudder at the outrages CO! lt. witted on defenceless women by those pretendia to be our fellow-citizens: Who will depict th e horror with which they will regard the deliberatB malignity which, under pretext of suppressinf an insurrection, makes special war upon sic women and children, by ca re f u lly devise d measures to prevent their obt a i n i n g In ed; ' c i tines necessary to their c ure ? The sor e claißis of humanity, respected by all nations, ac t d in the fury of battle, by careful deviati on of sato* from hospitals, are now outraged by the Govern' ment which pretends a desire to continue a frater nal connection. Such outrages admit of no retalia tion, unless the actual perpetrators are require d ' Taylor's mission to Washington was to propose a n exchange of prisoners taken on the privateer Sa" vannah, and to inform Mr. Lincoln that we are d e ; termined to check all barbariti es on pr i so ners c' war by such retaliation as will effectually put a ll end to such practices. Mr. Lincoln's promised re ply has not been received. " Reference is made to the peculiar position exis t ' ing between the Confederate Government and th e States usually termed border slave States, which' the Message says, cannot be properly withheld frota notice. Our people are animated by the sentiment s towards the inhabitants of those States which found expression in your enactment refusing to consider them enemies, or authorise hostilities against therae That a large portion of these States regard us as brethren, and, if unrestrained by the actual pre' sence of large armies, the subversion of the civil authority, and declaration of martial law, would/ some of them at least, joyfully unite with us; bat that they are with almost entire unanimity opposed' to the prosecution of the war waged against us, i S a fact of which daily recurring events warrants tilt/ assertion. The President of the United States, iv refusing to recognise those of our late sister Stat e refraining from an attack upon us, justifies his re : fusal by the assertion that the States have no other power than that reserved to them in the Union by_ the Constitution. This new constitutional relat io n between the States and the general Governmen t !! a fitting introduction to another assertion of 0 ; Message—that the Executive possess e s the powe r , suspending the writ of habeas corpus, and of dell o, ing that power to military comma n d ers , a t discretn 3 Both these propositions claim respect equal to th_,, which is felt for an additional statement of opi nion in the same paper—that it i s p ro p er , in order Is execute the laws, that the single law made to 0 the extreme tenderness of citizens fo r liberty) e ri that practically it relieves more of th e g uilty of the innocent, should, to a very limited e xtent , "" 1 , violated. We may well r e j o i ce th a t we have ~f °o ever severed our connexio n w ith a Government that thus tramples upon all prin c ipl es o f con stitutio n it liberty, and with a p eo pl e i n w h ose p rese nce Sile avowals could be paraded. `° Our operations in the field will be greatly' e% ; tended by reason of this policy, which, hitherto secretly entertained, is now avowed and acted 11 P -nt a by the United States. The forces hitherto raiseeo have proved ample for the defence of the S ir t s 4 which originally organised the Confederacy. 1 the exception of those fortified islands whose defen is effectively aided by a preponderation of ns csi force, the enemy has been driven completely ou t of those States. These forces must, however, ne c f ' 1 ; sarily prove inadequate, on accoun t o f the invas A by half a million of men now proposed by the ene° 3) ; and a corresponding incre ase o f ou r forces 0° becomes necessary. Ole "The Message refers to th e crops , w hich are e most abundant in our hist or y. M an y believe o L ut , supply adequate to two years' consumption• their citizens,iianifest a laudable pride in upholding ito independence unaided by any resources other tP ed their own, and the subscriptions to the loan Pr ° r oo o by the Government ca nno t f a ll s hort of 5 0 , 0° "' If dols., and will probably largely exceed that RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF SECOND MONTHLY MAIL TO CHINA. In consequence of the urgent applications made to Majesty's Government for the restoration of the Woo' monthly service between this country and China, whi ch was discontinued last month, it has been determined to re' establish this service. ALtils for Penang, Singapore, and China will accordinglf be made up in London on the morning of the 20th inst. f °l' dispatch, via Southampton, and on the evening of the 26 , t t inst. for dispatc h via Marseill es , and thenceforward t" mails will be dispatched twice a month, as f or merly, "'it: O n the mornings of the 4th and 20th v i a SoutharoP t°—. On the evenings of the 10th and 26th • . via Marseilles. As the revenue derived from the corresp on dence CO ,, 11 ; veyed by the line of pa c k e t s b e t ween P o i nt d e Gall° f ": Shanghae is sufficient to cover the cost of this double 50'; vice, the Lords Commissionerrof the Treasury have' be warrant, directed that the postaga upon such QP °la ' e- ce shall be increased, All letters, th ere f ore, f or P enang, Si ng apore, Hong -1°11 Z: and all other parts of China, Japan, J a va, the Philipp °, Islands, L a b uan, B orneo, Si am, S uma tra, and the Ideduft cas, will in future be charged with the following rates postage, viz. :—. VIA SOUTHAMPTON. FOR A LETTER. Not exceeding A oz., is. Above oz. and not exceeding 1 oz., 24 • Above 1 oz. and not exceeding 2 oz., 4s. Above 2 oz. and not exceeding 3 oz., 6s. VIA MARSEILLES. FOR A LETTER. Not exceeding a oz., ls. 3d. Above oz. and not exceeding oz., Is. 6d. Above A oz. and not exceeding / oz., 2s. 9d. Above oz. and not exceeding 1 oz., 3s. By command of RO the Postmaster- General. WLAND HILL, Secretary! Gtenoral Post Caw, August 3, 4 .