The Sun. — London, England, 1827-10-05 00:00:00

with them ; it is distress that drives them to it. I knew two or three who bore a very good character, but the dis tress of the times has driven them to commit those things which they had never done before." Morality is only compatible with a state of the social system in which it is possible for the lOwest order to fall loWer, and in which, consequently, hope and fear equally concur in influencing the conduct of the mass of the population. All ex hortations are thrown away on men who are without these two inducements. Mr. John Smith, banker, residing at Oundle, in Northamp tonshire, says, " We have a great many me chanics that are great incumbrances, such as carpenters, masons, tailors, and shoemakers, and that sort of people; there is such a redundancy of them that they keep increasing yearly, and it destroys the good intentions of those that would work. They are put upon the road, a parcel of them together ; they do nothing at all ; they go in the morning just when they please ; they will not go out at the proper time of day, and they go home ' almost when they please." Mr. James Taylor,of Feltham, in the county of Middlesex, says, " The men put upon the roads or gravel pits, do not earn even the money they get out of the surveyor in the general way ; they get into a low dekraded way, and seem as if they did not care whether they did it or not, and it is with difficulty we can get them even to do that ; if we were to have this gravel dug by the load, at the price of sixpence a load, I think the parish would get more loads done for the money than they would by giving them a shilling a-day." They will not work, but betake themselves to stealing and other crimes. When the feelings become\ blunted, you can only drive men by the lash.. You may fill your gaols with them, but that again they do not regard ; for what terror has a prison to a slave ? Thus Mr. Holton, a: Magistrate, near Bolton, in Lancashire, says—" We have quite as many bastard children brought before us as at any period, however prosperous. They (the parents)' are totally unable, in many instances, to support them ; the townships have taken very strong measur es of late to enforce it ; the mea sures taken by the Overseers to enforce the pay ment for illegitimate children have produced the very worst consequences ; in many instances the fathers have been committed to our prisons,7 which are quite - Rill ; the prison of our hundred now contains 740 if:mates ; the mothers are un able to maintain these Megitimate children, and there has been an additionalburthen on the poor rates from that cause." , Mr. Malthus, in his evidence, alludes to a very interesting subject, on which much depends, namely, the dissemination of sound views on the causes of national welfare among the people : " If the principle were to be introduced among the lower classes, which more or less operates among the higher classes, through all grades, from the poor up to the most wealthy, of not marrying without the means of pro viding for a family, you would admit that would be the best •security for preventing a redundancy of population ? No doubt ; the prevalence of that principle would be the best possible security that could be obtained. " Do you not agree that every pains should he taken to impress upon the minds of the poor that it is their duty to attend to that circumstance at the period of their marrying and settling . ? I think that all possible pains ought to he taken to impress that truth upon their minds, as a truth that most essentially concerns their welfare. " Are you not of opinion that it is a principle which is practically operative in other classes of society, more parti cularly amobg those in the next class to the poor? Yes; and it operates also among the poor themselves in a degree, it operates among the labouring classes with more force in some countries than in others. " Are you not of opinion that much which concerns the happiness and interests of the poor might be produced, by disseminating among thOin explanations of their real posi tion, couched in such language as they might perfectly un derstand ? .1 think that such explanations might be ex tremely beneficial to them. . " If cheap tracts were written and given to the poor, and it. some instances taught in the schools, explaining the doctrines you have just,laid down, with respect to the con dition of the poor, do you imagine they would be able to understand them, and that they would apply what they learned to their own case? I think they are not very diffi cult to be understood, but they are perhaps rather difficult to apply. I believe some tracts of that kind have been oc casionally circulated. " Have you any knowledge of the effects produced ? I have understood that many of the labouring classes, parti- cularly thz artisans, acknowledge the doctrines which have been laid down on the subject of population." There cannot be a question that it is of the utmost consequence. to disseminate a knowledge, on Which the welfare of a nation depends, throughout all classes of the community ; and we have more than once expressed our satisfac tion at the attempt now made for the first time by the •Society of Gentlemen who are concerned in getting up the Library of Useful Knowledge, to supply the desideratum. Hitherto the tracts distributed among the people have been worse than the useless trash of fanatics and enthusiasts, which, if they did not stupify the people, at least consumed that time which _might have been em ployed in the acqUiSition of something useful to them as men and citizens. But, indeed, why do we say the lower orders ? IS it not noto rious that our youths of fortune have only lately been initiated y into the knowledge of all that might be useful to theM, in their capacity of Legislators or Magistrates ? Is it not notorious that our Statesmen have been raised to the first stations, without possessing any one qualification, beyond that of making a few quotations from a Latin Poet, and speaking the English language fluently ? Has not distinction in the House of Commons been acquired by the most vulgar And meretricious talents ? We have had our heaven born Statesmen, who, of course, were too sublime to possess any earthly , knowledge, as we have had our heaven-born actors, in leading-strings. Mr. Walter Burrell, when asked to explain the cause of the extra population in West Grinstead, says, " I should first say, that Sussex is infi nitely the most healthy county in England, ac. cording to its Population Return ;. in the next place, the farmers have acted upon a very foolish and stupid plan, they will not employ single men ; the consequence is, that a man imme diately marries ; and' they likewise give a pre mium upon population, for they give to a man with four children one shilling a week for that fourth child, and so on for every other beyorni that." Now, this stupidity in the Sussex farmers, which excites so much wonder of Mr. Walter Burrell, is the very stupidity gravely re commended by Mr. William Pitt upwards of thirty years ago, when he recommended in pom pous language the system of paying wages of la bour in order to encourage breeding, at a time when the distresses of the labouring classes were occupyi ng the House, so little was he acquainted with the most common principles of political science, and so little were the House Alp to set him right. Whether our posterity shall ever be exceedingly wise, i s a ques t ion w e shall not at tempt to answer ; but we can safely answer for the wisdo m of our immediate predecessors: — Morning Chronicle. It is stated ‘ that a considerable number of country bankers are now in London, for the pur •pose of consulting together as to the best means of protecting their interests from the invasion which they suppose to threaten them, the g • iieral establishment throughout e trie country b . y of branches from the Bink England.° We sin cerely hope that there is no probability of a spirit of undue hostility springing up hetweenthe country bankers as a body, and the Corporation of the Bank of England ; because we. feel persuaded, that the tendency of such a spirit would be to produce conduct on the part of both, from which neither could derive either honour or advantage, and which could not fail in its results to prove highly prejudicial to the community. Where the legal rights of parties are, as in this case, well defined, and where, if they mutually pos sess the power ofthwartingand injuring each other, they possess also that of contributing essentially to each other's accommodation and prosperity,we can not, we own, see much reason to apprehend the existence of any inveterate or durable feelings of hostility. Although we believe the Bank of • England, in adopting the resolution to establish branch Banks in different parts of the country, wete mainly actuated by a wish to promote the public welfare, it would have been unreasonable to expect that it should lose sight altogether, in carrying this resolution into effect, of its own se parate interests as a Corporation ; or by confining • its provincial operations to districts, where there already existed no other than unsuccessful or in solvent Banks, and where the natural presump tion would be that the trade of a Banker was a bad one, that it should submit to sacrifices with out the probability of requital. Where there are already prosperous and affluent Bankers—that is in other words, where the trade. of Banking haS hitherto been good, the establishment of Bran ches of the Bank of England will unquestionably impair the influence and reduce the profits of those Bankers. Yet we cannot see in this any fair subject of complaint. Those Bankers might at any time have been exposed to the more active and formidable competitors of a rival com pany, consisting of private individuals. Private bankers of wealth and respectability will always, we are persuaded, be enabled to compete with the Branches of the Bank of England in every county of England. For if the latter possess the advantage of an unlimited command of capital, and of unbounded credit, they will be subject on the other hand to the disadvantage of having their detailed operations cramped and fettered by general and inflexible rules ; they will have less accurate information of the affairs and transac tions of the merchants and traders, who must be their principal customers ; -and they will be al most entirely without the power of adapting their conduct towards individuals to the thousand special and unforeseen circumstances which must continually arise—a power which, in the hands of Private Bankers must be a most efficacious instrument for extending their connections and influence. These reflections are too obvious to have escaped the consideration of the par ties concerned. We trust that they will be allowed their due weight, and that the Bank of England and the respectable and wealthy Banking Establishments which exist in almost every part of the country, will never even contemplate. the adoption of vexatious ex pedients to thwart and harass each other ; but that they will manage their respective affairs in that spirit of fair and generous rivalry which has hitherto distinguished the whole commercial body in Great Britain. Neither of them can aim at a monopoly of the circulation. Fortu nately this is now out of the reach of either, or of both united.. If they should attempt then mutually to check the circulation of each other's paper, both no doubt would succeed to a very considerable extent, and the effect would be in jurious to both ; but the country would also suffer, inasmuch as a greater quantity of metallic currency would become necessary, and a greater amount of the capital of tho country be thus use lesSly employed.—Morning Post. We are enabled to lay before the public a Com munication of considerable interest and import ance, both from its nature and the quarter from whence it comes, respecting the real state of things in that part of South America, where vain efforts have lately been made to put an end to the calamities of an impolitic and injurious war. In it will be found an explanation of the real causes which led to the rejection of the treaty concluded by Garcia with the Emperor of Bra zil, and it will be seen, that in the New World, as well as in the Old, personal feelings and inte rests generally prevail over those of the State, and selfish gratification is frequently purchased at the price, or at least at the risk, of national ruin. The fact is, that Republics and Empires, which have still all to learn, are much more in consistent in their conduct and impatient of re straint, than old- established Governments. In the present case, a natural self-consequence, arising from their success in emancipating themselves from Spain, makes them arrogant and intractable, and they will continue to display the same rashness and folly, till experience shall teach them their comparative nothingness in the • scale of nations, Buenos Ayres affords us a strik ing exemplification of this at the present mo ment, and is, we fear, risking her national existence from a want of the most ordinary poli tical foresight. The chief if not the only guard against such a calamity as a complete dissolution of the union, and the destruction of the Repub lic, seems, in fact, to lie in the alm o st eq u a l wa nt theo of good Eun policy which governs th e C ounc il s o f p esor of Brazil ; for ther e i s no d ou b t that he possesses both means and power s al_ cient to crush Buenos Ayres, if he knew how to bring them effectually into action. It is la mentable, therefore, that a State, weaker in re sources, and divided in its councils, should have in some measure compelled the Brazilian Empe ror to adopt a better line of policy, and to be come a more dangerous enemy, by rejecting, through the influence of individual interest alone (as it will be seen by the Sollowing letter), a peace not less advantageous than 'necessary to its independent existence :—" BUENOS AYREs.-- The rejection of the preliminaries signed by Garcia has been entirely the result of a political trick of Rivadavia's. His obstinate and ab surd policy had brought all the provinces about his heels, and but the day be fore, the arrival of the Convention from Rio, he had good reason to expect that if he did not retire of his own ac cord, lie would be kicked out of the Presidency vi et a2-mis. He saw in the Convention a mean of raising a hue and cry about national honour, with which he cloaked the fact of his apparently voluntary resignation, and under which he hoped to retire with a false credit. He raised the cry which), with all , the Papers in his pay, as well as all the Employes o'f Government, he had it his power to turn whichever way lie chose. He destroyed all immediate hope of peace, so essen tially necessary—he gratified his personal jealousy of Garcia, by stigmatising him as a traitor, and he then left to others the task of extricating the Government from the difficulties in which his policy has involved it. But people will do Garcia justice ; and as they open their eyes, they will discover the farce, and the re-action of public opinion against the author is already ra piilly developing the truth. That there must SQOII be an outcry for - peace in the City, I have little doubt ; but what we have to fear is, that then there may be no National Govern ment to make it. It is to be feared, that it' the war continues, the Provinces will carry it on each for itself, by, plundering guerillas sent into ,the Brazilian territories. This will suit the habits of the Gauchos, and they may, take such a fancy for the sort of life as to make it, very difficult for Buenos Ayres' to make a peace which will be satisfactory to them, even if they leave the Government of Buenos Ayres the authority to act as a National Executive with Foreign Powers. "As in many other small communities private influence and interests have much greater weight than the public weal, the loudest advocates for war are persons more or less concerned in shop-keeping or privateering. As long as there is any thing left in the shops the proprietors wish the war and their high prices to continue ; and those who have shares in privateers .get their livelihood by it. The war, in fact, has lasted long enough to make a numerous body interested in its continuance. The mass of the people, however, are suffering severely from the high prices of every necessary of life ; even beef, the chief food of the lower classes, is become dear, for, as there is no export of hides, the animals are not brought to market as usual.• All articles of clothing also are be coming very scarce, from the blockade, and if it lasts another twelve months, the people will not positively have shirts to their backs : a coat costs 130 dollars, and a pair of trowsers 60. In fact, I don't know what we are to come to if this goes on."—Nets Times. LAW INTELLIGENCE. ADMIRALTY COURT, Om. 4. THE EXMOUTH. Dr. J. ADDAMS moved the Court to order a sum to be paid out of the proceeds of this vessel, an East Indiaman, sold under a decree of this court, on account of pilotage. The facts of the case hare been already reported. The motion was not opposed, and was granted of course. This was the last default-day after Trinity Term. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. BOW-STREET.--The case of the young man, George Helm, who applied last week to the Magistrates of this office to assist him in discovering his parents, having caused a good deal of public comment, Mrs. Bradford, widow of the medical gentleman of that, name who assisted pro fessionally at th e bi r th o f the young man, and afterwards procured him a nurse, appeared yesterday at this office, ac companied by her son, also in the medical profession, for the purpose of stating who the parents of the lad really were. It will be recollected that Mrs. Bradford, when pressed upon this point by Mr. Minshull on Saturday, de clined to furnish any information tending to unravel the mystery, adding emphatically, " that the secret of the young man's birth should die with her." In consequence, however, of some manifestations of public opinion which took place in the immediate vicinity of th. lady's residence, and she having since consulted her friends upon the-sub ject, the result was, as we have just stated, her appearance at this office for the purpose of affording the required in formation. On her arrival, she desired a private interview with Mr. I%linshull, after which, she went to the clerk's office, where the names of the real mother and reputed father of the applicant were taken down in writing. Mr. Mnisnuri, then took his seat upon the bench, and addressing Mrs. Bradford, observed, " You wish, I believe, Mrs. Bradford, to give some explanation of what occurred before me on a former day, and I am desirous. to affbaYou every opportunity to do so. Your have given the particu lars in writing concerning the parents of the young man, George Helm. These particulars you certainly refused to give on Saturday, but when it is considered that you were taken unawares, and that you supposed yourseif bound to keep the secret, your withholding it at that time was very natural. The explanation you have rince given is highly satisfactory, not only to me, but, to the young man himself . .. 7, Mrs. Bradford then stated, that she wished it to ha publicly known, that her husband and herself had received money from time to time frotn the persons who, as she understood, were the parents of the ydung man. After the death of Dr. Bradford, this money passed through her hands, until within the last twelvemonths, when the mo ther of the young man died. Mrs. Bradford added, that from motives of delicacy to the reputed father of the appli cant, who was still living, she forbore to name the parties in public. In answer to some questions • put by Mr. Mnisitur.r., the lady went on to state, that the birth of the applicant took place between three and four months after the marriage of the mother with the person who was now .his reputed father. The circumstance was the cause of great uneasi ness to the husband, and as it was likely to be the subject of unpleasant remark in the neighbourhood where they re sided, it was finally agreed that the occurrence should be kept a secret, and that the infant should be given in charge to a nurse, with directions to bring it up as her own. The child was accordingly delivered to Mrs. Helm, of the Temple, but Mrs. Bradford declared that she knew nothing of the circumstance connected with the birth until her husband's death, when it .became necessary that she should know . tlw secret, in order that. the fund destined for the boy's support might still be continued. She accordingly received, from time to time, since the death of Dr. Brad ford, different sums fur the lad's maintenance, both from his • mother and his reputed father. The last sum she re ceived on account of the young man was 2/. about a twelve month ago, from his mother a short time before her death. Mr. White, a gentleman officially connected with the House of Commons, who had interested himself a good deal for the applicant, said that from what he knew of the business, he could confirm the statement of Mrs. Bradford, —thitt she was ignorant of the mystery attached to the birth of the young man until the period of Dr. Bradford's death. • Mr. MnisnuLL--.I think you said, Mrs. Bradford, that you wished to say something respecting reports in the newspapers. I read the report of last Saturday's pro ceedings before me, and I must say, I think that it was accurate as far as it went. Mrs. Bradford objected to the report published in one of the papers, in which it was implied that the Magistrate seemed to entertain an impression that she had money given her on account of the young man which she refused to give him. This she positively denied. It was also stated that she declared she knew nothing of the lad, and that shet she ten Ad offered lerd. t, say sys, that't y e i a j t , . _ sheto thatnu couldseffect, say, swear whereas sie h ad that th e mpression merely notlinl (s in tended ' his in ber possession. which the reporter received of what yo u eaidwa l the same' that myself felt at the time. Mrs. Bradford was then asked by a gentleman Present if she had ever heard that the grandfather of George Helm, be meant his mother's father, had left a large pro perty to be divided amongst the children of his daughter. Mrs. Bradford knew nothing of the circumstance. Mr. Muni no. expressed his opinion that it would be extremely wrong to state publicly the names of the party connected with this transaction. The disclosure could do no good, and would tend only to give unnecessary p a i n. _ The young man was now in possession of the informati on he required, and his friends could make what use they pleased of it. Mrs. Bradfoid's son here whispered something to Mr. Minshull, who observed, " Your son wishes me to express no , opinion of your conduct in this transaction, and I au , bound to say, that I saw nothing wrong on your part when you appeared first before me. Whatever repugnance you felt on that occasion to disclose the truth was natural enough, considering how yinr were situated, and certainly your subsequent conduct in stating what, you know, h as tended to remove any unfavourable impression that I and others might have felt. Mrs. Bradford hoped that the Reporter for the Times would be particular in stating the Magistrate's opinion, as the report she complained of appeared in that journal. Mr. MmsnoLL—Since you mention the Times, I must in fairness say, that it is the only paper in which I read the report of Saturday's proceedings, and I thought it was given very correctly. The Magistrate then addressed the young man, the subject of the inquiry, and asked him if he were quite satisfied with the information lie had received. Helm—Quite satisfied, Sir. Mr. MiNsuuLL—Does the information agree with what you previously :inspected ? Helm--It does, Sir, in every particular. The parties then withdrew. A. few circumstances connected with this somewhat mys terious affair have come to nor knowlolge, from which We are enabled to supply the following statement. It ap pears that the mother of the young man was the daughter of an eminent tradesman, who carried on business in . Ox ford many years ago, from which place he repaired to Los.- -don, and took a house in the neighbourhood of Portland street, where his daughter succeeded him in the business. She sometime after became a widow; and being possesses! of considerable personal attractions, was seduced by a Inan of 4 rank and fortune, and became enceinte. In consequence of this misadventure she formed a second alliance, and was . married to Mr. T., who is now living and carrying on business in the neighbourhood we have mentioned. To prevent the scandal arising from its being publicly known that Mrs. T. gave birth to a child so soon after her union, the plan was devised the particulars of which we have already stated. It will be observed, that the name of the real father of young Helm has never once transpired,—that he is still living, and is a man of rank. The young man himself stated, that he obtained, about a twelvemonth ago, some clue to the person now proved to have been his real mode?, and presented himself before her, stating that he was the boy brought up by Mrs. Helm of the Temple, and that he had heard the person he then addressed was his mother. Helm stated, that on receiving this i nformation, Mrs. T. turned pal e , f a i n t e d a w a y, and lived but a fortnight after. The young man added, that believing her to be his mo ther, he put on mourning at her death, and followed her to the grave, unnoticed by those who attended the funeral. The time of Mrs. T--'s death, as stated by Mrs. Bradford agrees with this part of the applicant's statement which he gave to Mr. Minshull in private the other day. It is said that a considerable property was left by Mrs. T—'s father, to be equally divided between her children after her de cease. She has left two sons and a daughter by Mr. but young Helm being also born in wedlock, is equally entitled not only to his portion of this property, but like wise should his reputed father die intestate, to his due proportion of whatever he may leave behind him. lIATTON-GARDEN.—Yesterday a porter in the em ployment of Messrs. Moore, Stanger, and Co., Cheapside, named Heaven, was brought before Mr. Sergeant SHLLON under the following circumstances • A watchman na►ued Farr, saw the individual at the bar passing through Gray's-inn-lane at ten o'clock the preced ing night, with a large bag upon his back, He stopped him, and asked him what it contained. • The reply he got was, " I don't know." He then demanded to see its con tents, which the man refused to comply with. He called another. watchman to his assistance, took the bag into his custody, and found in it a large quantity of velvet. On the man refusing to give a satisfactory account of how he be ca►ne possessed of the property, he took him to the watch house. Heaven stated that the watchman had not made a cor rect deposition of the real facts. He (Heaven) told him where he got the bag and its contents—namely, at Mr. Nicholas Jervis's, Tottenham-court-road, and that he was conveying it to his employers, whose names he mentioned, in Cheapside. _ He admitted that he said he was not aware of what was in the bag, nor in truth was he, for when he received it, it was tied up, and he was not informed as to the nature of its contents. As to his declining to allow the bag to undergo the inspection of the watchman, he mere)) , acted upon the general orders given to him by his employers, who desired him-never to permit any one to look over goods in, hia possession in the street. A respectable man, a constable in his own right, corrobo rated the statement made by Heaven. This witness also deposed, that Farr, the watchman, was quite skunk, as was also the watchman who came to his assistance. Upon their demanding to see the contents of the bag, he (witness) told them they had ,no right to do so ; but if they conceived the bag had been improperly come by, their duty was to take the possessor of it to the watch-house, and allow the night constable to exercise Ids judgment in the affair. In stead of paying any attention to what be said, they took him into custody, and locked him up in the watch-house, upon a charge of assault. Mr. Moore, one of the firm alluded to, stepped forward, and said that he conceived his servant was treated with great severity in being detained all night in a watch-house. Air. Moore also said that Heaven was not aware of what was in the bag. Mr. Sergeant Sn. Low was of opinion, under all the circumstances, that the watchman had acted correctly, in taking the individual before him into custody, for nothing in his opinion could be, more suspicious than a man car rying a large bag through the streets at a late hour, of the contents of which he declared himself ignorant,: As to the right of the watchman to inquire into and examine the contents of uny suspicious parcel, bag, &e., there could be no doubt in the world. If they had not that power vested in them, many, very many robberies, would have up to that moment remained in the shade. He therefore, in dis charging the person before bins, could not subscribe to the idea that the watchman had overstepped his duty. Heaven was then discharged, and left the office with his employer, who expressed his intention of indicting the watchman and the watchhouse-keeper for falsely imprison ing his servant. [As cases of this kind may frequently occur, would it not be proper to make it part of the watchhouse-keeper's duty to inquire into ,the truth of such a prisoner's state ment, and upon finding it true to discharge him ? The power of detaining, during a whole night, a tradesman's , servant, or any innocent person found carrying a parcel, is one obviously liable to great abuse, and which may prove extremely injurious to individuals.] MEETINGS OF CREDITORS. COUNTRY DIARY.—MONDAY, OCT. 8. Bashforth, M., Huddersfield—Court-house, Huddersfield ll Brett and HoLa, Burslem—Littleton Arms, Penkridge 1 Dobfon, J!, Huddersfield—Court-house, Huddersfield ll Ewart, E., Newcastle-on-Tyne—Crown and Thistle, New castle ll Frost, 'V., Sheffield—Tontine, Sheffield l2 If ens M. Comb Fields, Warwickshire—King's Head, Co !2 _ . _ .._ ven - try :4 Morgan, T., Clifton, Gloucestershire—Commercial rooms, Btistol Scott, G., Newcastle-on-Tyne—George inn, Newcastle-on- Tyne ll Smith, S., Hastings—George, Battle Williams, W., Norwich—Rampant Horse, Norwich 4 COURT OF COMMON COUNCIL, THE CITY POLICE. Yesterday a Court was held for the purpose of considering the report of the Committee upon the nightly watch, relative to the necessary changes in the present system of police. After some. routine business was despatched, Alderman ITENABLES moved that the report be taken into consideration. Mr. FIGGINS did net rise to say that there was no necessity for an improved system of police, but could not help declaring that he could not see how the good to be derived from the project could be commensurate with the expense which must be in evitably incurred. As to the reduction of the num ber of watchmen, he could answer for his own dis trict, that it was impossible to spare one. All -through the city he had observed, that whenever the expenses of a ward happened to be within a mo derate compass, the watchmen were most shabbily remunerated. The wards were generally regulated as to the payment of the watch, by the state of the land-tax, (as we understood the gentleman); and if the plan of paying the watchman 2d. an hour were adopted as a general principle, many of the wards must suffer greatly by the additional expence. In many of these wards no more than 10s., or 10s. 6d., were paid to each individual for the performance of his duty, and it was necessary to employ a great number of watchmen, so that the expence arising from the plan recommended in the report would be very considerable; but at the same time the ex pence would be a circumstance not comparatively important, if the advantages were likely to be great. In fact, the projected change could not be made without an increase of expence of nearly 50 per cent. Alderman VENABLEs did not at all anticipate such objections as had been mentioned. It would be found that the evidence bore out every alteration that had been proposed. It had been proved that during the hours at which the watchmen were not engaged on duty, the most of the robberies were committed. The subject of the protection of pro perty was one of paramount importance. The ques tion for them to consider was, whether the city of London was to be protected from thieves or not,— . whether their houses were to be broken open and plundered. The expences of affording that pro tection was a matter of no consideration. The different wards would willingly pay the charges.— (Hear, hear.) It had been said that some wards could not bear any reduction of the number of watch men. Now he knew, and the committee were con vinced that the watchmen through the city might be reduced one fourth with great advantage.—(Hear, hear.) Mr. Deputy OLDHAM approved of the report, and thought that security would be completely effected by the adoption of the resolutions. Mr. FIGGINS said, that he had not opposed the resolutions. He conceived that a great additional expence would be inflicted upon the city, and that no commensurate advantage would be derived from the adoption of the principle. Mr. GALLOWAY stated that the city of London was greatly indebted to the Committee for their exertions upon this important occasion. There was one thing, of which too much could not be said. The city was now without protection for a great number of hours in the day and night.—(Hear, hear.)—The frequent robberies which took place were committed when the accustomed securities re tired. This plan would effectually remedy that de fect. There would be a perpetual succession of watchmen. Uniformity was, as far as it could be adopted, extremely desirable; but he was aware that there were wards in which it might be necessary to vary from the general principle set down for the guidancy of all. It was most necessary that the watchmen should be paid well for the performance of their duties.—(Cheers.)—How could it be ex pected that men would act honestly if they did not receive as much pay as would enable them to live without having .recourse to the base methods of making a livelihood to which they - sometimes. had recohrse. At the same time, there were some parts of the resolutions to which he did not give btu op= probation ; but he should not oppose the plan, con vinced that great benefit mustarise from the adop tion of it. Alderman ATKINS wished to see a regular incor poration of the daily and nightly watch: There should be no cessation of vigilance, but one should follow another of stated periods.—(Hear, hear.) — If the system proposed were generally agreed to, they could enter afterwards into the merits specifically, and adopt some difference of course, according to the nature and local circumstances of particular wards.—(Hear, hear.)—He could not help advert ing to the extreme and culpable neglect of many of the extensive warehousemen, who complained of in security, and who had less cause to complain than any other persons, as they, in a manner, abandoned their property to depredation.—(Hear.) He had thought it necessary, in his business, limited as it was, to*pay a watchman a large salary for paying particular attention to his premises. It was only necessary to look at the numerous robberies that had been committed to be convinced that a very serious alteration indeed in the system must be accomplished before the community would be benefitted.—(Hear, hear.) The Alderman concluded by impressing upon the Court the necessity that existed for . the participation of every man in the efforts for the pro ' teetion of his property, and by reprobating the prac ticei so prevalent amongst wholesale dealers of leav ing their premises merely under lock and key, and destitute of guard or security of any kind.—(Cheers.) Mr. SAMUEL DIXON thought that it had become a thing of paramount necessity to have a complete al teration of system. In the course of the proceed ings for effecting the desired improvement, he had opportunities of admiring the liberality of the worthy gentlemen at the head of this project. Hie could not but admire the liberality of 20. an hour for watching the property of others all night, winter as well as summer.—(Laughter.)--He believed that watchmen would, if they were allowed half a guinea, a day, be even worse than they were ; that they would spend it in many instances in debauchery; but he also believed that a narrow, restricted pay, o h ol o old account man hap pened o had attached to it evils totally insurmountable , de pravation of morals altogether incorrigible.- 7 .- (Cheers.) —So low was the calling of watchm en , so infinitely below the scale of other men who lived by labour, t lewshen any ppaorirs e his infirmities, it immediately occur re d to t h ose who that o b e i n t r foe: troublesome knew him in better days, in order to keep the decent man from a workhouse, to make a watchman of him. —(Laughter,)—With respect to the burglaries which so frequently occurred, the proprietors of the Plundered houses were generally to be blamed for the success of the depredators, because they left their stock at the mercy of conspiring thieves, whose plans were most ingeniously contrived, and executed with wonderfUl despatch. Alderman GARRATT (we believe) concurred in the resolutions. The LORD MAYOR elect said that he gave his hearty concurrence to the report. He conceived that there would be great efficacy.in constant pa trolling. In general the watchmen were old and exceedingly feeble. Indeed, he knew some of them to whom it was hard work to carry their great coats and staves.—(Laughter.)—Much had been said about depredations in the city of London ; but he was far from attributing this state of things to the indolence or vice of the police. Many of them had acted with zeal and ability. Those persons who complained loudest were themselves highly cen surable for deserting their property. Days and weeks together were premises abandoned to the in genuity of the experienced thieves, who always had half-a-dozen houses in their list. If there happened to be some obstacle to the commission of a robbery in one house, why the chance was, that in another of the half-dozen there would be hope of success. The in truth, to contend against the a p f r t u e b r a i t ) t i tilongus of d e b l e u r n a g t i o h n a — u a u f n t e d r i reasoning , p u blic had, a l syste matic efforts of practised robb ers , w h o l a id t h e i r suep h u e t ;n t e i I s e and the certainty of an uninhabited house.—(Hear, hear.)—He was well acquainted with the secure nature of the feelings of the thieves when they en tered houses in which they knew the proprietors did not reside. In.one instance the thieves, after having packed up every thing valuable, opened half a dozen bottles of champagne, and no doubt they drank the healths of those who had so kindly left behind them the means of remuneration and comfort: (A laugh.) He concurred in the report, and was convinced that it would be attended with great benefit, if acted upon vigorously.—(Cheers.) Mr. FIGGINS objected (as well as we could col lect from the low tone in which he spoke) to the resolution relating to watch-boxes. He did not wish that they should be discontinued, for if a watch man happened to fall asleep in his box, the inhabi tants would at all events know where to find him.— (Loud laughter.) —He did not see any particular harm in the practice of watchmen of shutting up shops ; but if it interfered with their duty, it cer tainly ought to be discontinued, as ought the prac tice of calling up people in the morning. He con demned the abandonment of their premises by men in large concerns, who retreated in order to avoid a few liabilities.—(Hear, hear.)—As for the general conduct of watchmen, he never recollected an in stance of the participation of one of them in a rob bery; and if they were to be corrupted by thieves, • they could as easily be corrupted in their walking or patrolling state as in their standing or prostrate con dition.—(Laughter.)—lf a watchman was bent upon having plunder, it mattered little whether he walked or stood still.—(Hear, hear.)—For his part, he would never leave his property except the watch man he knew for a long time was in the neighbour hood, for then he knew he was protected : a sort of attachment was established, which promoted instead of destroying security. He concluded by expressing a wish that the subject of changing places amongst the watchmen be referred to the local authorities. Mr. PEACOCK sincerely wished otherwise.—(A laugh.)—lt was well known that the watchmen were paid as regularly by private individuals as by the Corporation.—(Hear, hear.)—ln fact, the abuses that existed were dreadful and laughable at the same time. He knew an instance of a watchman being absentfrom his own ward in the morning, and upon being asked the reason, saying that he went round to Broad-street ward to wake the watchmen. —(Loud laughter.) A MEMBER—I know an instance still more extra ordinary. A watchman of that very ward of Broad street was straying about the neighbouring ward ; and upon being accused of leaving his be'at, he re plied " I came here for fear I should wake the other watchmen in the ward."—(Roars of laughter.)—ln fact, sleep is the inseparable companion of • the guardians of the night— _ " Sleep, that knits up the ravelled sleeve of care." Mr. PEACOCK thought the plan an admirable one. It was impossible, if the watchmen were obliged to patrol, that their resistance could be available to the thief. After some observations from Mr. STRvitris,.. Mr. HARMER, and others, in favour of the resolution, Alderman VENABLES said that he saw no grounds for altering his plan. The resolutions were then agreed to, with some unimportant alterations. THE MARKETS. sOUTHALL MARKET.—Oct. 3. At this day's market, which was rather largely supplied, and pretty numerously attended by buyers, each kind of meat experienced rather tardy sale, at the following prices per stone of Sib. to sink the offals: Beef 3 !Is. tkl 4s .to .8 I . Veal 4s. Od. to ss. 2d. Mutton 4 4, 8 Pork 4 6 5 8 Lamb 4s. Oil. to 4s. 8d The foregoing quotations are, Veal 20. per stone beneath those of this day se'nnight. In prices of other things no enaway alteration. mig ol A considerable proportion of the Stock were drip LOVE AFTER DEATH. (From the Inspector.) Gonel is the smile that once lighten'd my way, Gone ! is the eye whose each look was a ray, Gone! is the heart so unchanging and true, Gone! is the lip which to mine fondly flew. Cold ! is the brow on which love had oft spoken, Cold ! is the cheek, and each beauty-line broken, Cold ! is the hand which to mine trembling stole, Cold ! is each nerve that once thrill'd with the soul. Dead ! grows this heart to the world's garish splendour, To the smile of the gay, and the sigh of the tender ; To the sorrower's tear, and the scorner's rude laughter; Dead ! to all hope, save of meeting hereafter. In the vicinity of Teignmouth stations have been marked out, by order of Government, for the ereetion of telegraphs.—Exeter Alfred. MEDICINE.—IVIecIicine has been defined tb be the art or science of amusing a sick man with frivolous speculations about his disorder, and of temporizing inge niously till nature either kills or cures him. BIRTHS. On the 4th inst. Mrs. T. M. Alsager, Meeklenburgh square, of twin daughters. On the 2d inst. at Neweut, Gloucestershire, the lady of J. Freeman, Esq. of a son. MARRIED. On the 20th ult., at St. John's Church, Newcastle upon-Tyne, by the Rev. Dodd, Mr. Edward Bilton, o er oa c , h e an i t - , o t w o n er, B Diary Ann, only d aug h ter o f firt.hajt Stanton,toohnwn, m On the Ist. inst. at Cransby, by the Rev. T. L. We therell, LL.B. Rector of Rushton, the Rev. J. Wetherell, A.M. of Brasennose College, Oxford, to Louisa, only daughter of T. C. ,Rose, Esq. of Cransby Hall, in the county of Northampton. Lately, at Bombay, Lieutenant-Colonel W. H. Stanley, 18th Regiment N. 1., to Mary, eldest daughter of the late Captain Francis Dumar, of his Highness the Guicawar's Military Service DIED. On the 80th ult. at Paris, of a rapid -decline, to the in expressible grief of her father and mother, Harriet Maria Tophatn, only daughter of the Rev. T. F. Bowes, of Cow lam, in the county of York, and Barton, in Bedfordshire. On the Ist inst. at Canterbury, much regretted by a large circle of friends, Mrs. Clements, late of Harley-street, Cavendish -square, after a long and painful illness, borne with the utmost fortitude and Christian resignation. On the 80th ult., at Fulham, in the ' 78th year of her age, Mrs. Blair, relict of the late Alexander Blair, Esq. of Portland -place. - 0n the 4th inst. Heneage Henry, youngest son of the Rey. William Wood. --- "On the Ist inst. at Cheltenham, Sir Nelson Ryeroft, Bart., aged 67 years. On the 2d inst. in South-street, Grosvenor-square, the Lady Isabella Tumour, in the 64th year of her age. On the Ist inst. Captain Nathaniel Cameron, of the let West India Regiment. LEWES MARKET AND SHEEP FAIR.7Oet, 2. The number of Sheep and Lambs penned iu the Fair was about 2,3000. Old Ewes went off slowly, at from. Ns. to-245. Lambs, lOs. to 18s: ; and Teg Wether' 225. to 28s. each. The buyers were numerous, yet a good many Sheep and Lambs were driven away unsokt.—. In the market the prices were— Beef 4s Oit. to 4a. 10d. I Veal Mutton 4 0 4 10 Pork__ _ Lamb 4s. Od. to 48. 10d. A good supply, and a dull trade•_ ss. 10 to ss. get. 5. 0 RUMFORD MARKET Oct. 5, 1. tl. to s. A. . Beef 3 6 4 6 I Veal t.. 4 s. d. to 0. d -34 5 4 $42 5 4 48. Gd. Mutton 3 4 4 4 j Pork Lamb 3s. 4d. tc Suckling Calves from l4s. to 3tis ; Quarter c Supply good., and trade with mos' oldiiigsiCs. to 155. each t things dull. COUNTRY CORN MARKETS DUR NG THE WEEK 1 Wheat. Beans. Per Quarter. Blandford Brigg— Chard Huntingdon —J.— Louth Lynn _ Newark Nottingham Peterborough Plymouth Sherborne—,—.. Uppingham _ York s. to s. 60 50 56 s. to s. 31 32 38 s.. to 8. 24 21 30 22 24 32 23 20 20 24 10 23 22 27 30 40 30 34 25 28 s. to a 45 50 56 76 33 4-4 34 36 32 36 30 34 30 40 36 42 45 4S 45 50 5-1, 59 50 54 65 '7O 54 5J 50 55 32 59 52 60 55 60 58 60 56 66 37 3H 54 62 48 61 42 58 4.4 60 32 38 27 32 28 32 20 2ti 20 21. 18 20 N 36 48 58 46 48 51 60 20 36 LEE IS CORN MARKET.—Oct. Y. There was a large supply of Wheat, Barley, and Oats, but only middling of other Grain; the finest New Wheat was full is. per quarter lower, and middling, damp, and unsound qualities were exceedingly difficult to quit, al though offered at 2s. to 3s. per qtarter decline, and Old Wheat was le. per quarter• lower. Barley met very slow sale, and that article was full 3s. per quarter cheaper. la Foreign l3d. Oats and Shelling no material alteration. Old Beans con tinue scarce, and supported prices, but New were Is. to 2s. per quarter lower. Rapeseed full 11. per last cheaper. Wheat, Norfolk and Sufiblk, 601 b. York. and Lincoln. 601 b. Barley. Norfolk and Suttblk • 34s. to 38s. ~, - Yorkshire and Lincolnshire - - Grinding 27s to 29s 45s to tils. Shelling 345. to :15s. per load. 63 to 1b 14d....English 144. 32 t0 5:t 1fk1 )3 . 45.. per s;. Beans 4ss. It 3 l l "eud. English, 2-01. to. 241. 481 catt l ‘ l l e ALC: A3 E Lt S p T mer E b ß l:„6. SL ik r i l: se ! ga i t i ti l ,it l iire E do L .Lt D :d .: . Oct. 3 . ASV Sheep„ 44. to 6d. 14 Calves"...... 50. to id . G I B 6 1 A y : tsE: Oniony, 2: 6 s . 0 d Os. Oil., O s• Od. and Os. per ditto; TurniP'• and (18.0 d. per !bad of 12 score a" 121bs. - New ditto, and • 7s.sPOd°taitA:::::oCf.ed.3l:ki;SdYr:alti2itlialsi:ler:AlQaT:l;f. MANCHESTER YA No. d. d. 'fhrostle Twifit, 20 « 101 to 11} 30 in 13 40 —l6 17 Mule Cop Mule cop Twist 1 30 •••• 11 12 for warp 40-14 15 I 50 ~.17 1$) 60..20 22 :N MARK T.-.-Oct. 2. • 30 10i to 11i 40 12 13 50 -- 16 17 60 -17 i 16} 70 —20 i 80 24 2d 100 --- 30 32 120 34 36 10..,., 7 $ 14 8 81 18 9 10 24 16 11 70 - 8O ~ 24 26 I Weft from ,e 8 31 waste . . HOP INTELLIGENCE. WORCESTER, OCT. 3.—On Saturday, 1,236 New Pock ets were weighed; prices, 80s. to 90s. ; very fine, 925. Now that the picking is more advanced, the Planters are not so sanguine in their expectation of the produce ; many are of opinion that there will not be more than a third of last year's crop, and bets have been laid against 12,0001. duty. In London the duty of the kingdom is giving way a little. The quality of this year's growth is certainly not fine, and hence it is probable that there will be more enquiry after yearlings. . . . M. RECORDER AND MR. SHERIFF FA RE:..si; BROTHER.-We are requested to state, that at the discus- sion'before the Court of Aldermen, the Recorder did not declare William Crane had been before convicted, or that the petition presented to the Secretary of State differed from that which had been submitted to the Recorder. . The man had never been tried before; the prosecutor, and and a which tilat upon petition whiiscl n ow t w h e in those who signed th e p e ti t i on , p ro mised, upon hi s libera tion (without th e p un i s h men t of a flogging), t o emp l o y him ; and he i s now , an d h a s been ever since l eav i ng th e prison, in their employ. The petition pres en t e d t o the 0 Re corderel s Secretary n e de of his S tate remarks,isacopy possession of the Officer of the court of Aldermen.:...... Moruing Paper. T VJUNTIW and Ptrausian by M. YOUNG, at the Sint-Orrick No. 112, Strand. Barley Oats. , Under ti TAe present ut () R. After T GIFU After WI In the ecturse form her favo, Sett• by Master To conclude UNCLE JO . ROYAL .COLI THE L Brand SC3ENminacE, te i wi and l , ter Por partictil Co v'en's-green Courtney, Cler WANTS .1 _A.LADII PriVate and has la ni.trAing with She gives instri Ivith the ti,e 01 Aktie. The 't Letters, pr,st-p 41, Great Cast anel meet with i :1a00:1:::` n't ,, U dU F :n a v P i l i b st a k e V i .: l l ' t EN: Parsonage. e l aT l n inr o t u i e p f : r here h chase it, Nul fe !, by another Particulars t -------- SHO h i • Jatmas, nt~vlyinvented V , a icon veins, ‘v 1) c en applied Wi ti' al of the Moo( 4 ( :urea perrnanc au j perior coustr Pr. )perties, ca' OOD F► fleet s o r e ° d e ° l s n t t g p f Strong rre t os a hu n g t Con St Cno' tong Breakf as Pi ne Pekoe, Pax G Do d Common esh dZtto, ' 'fight leaf 8100 Hyson ne and Superl fle Gun powde ourbon s 31irk e nrh.r.., At F . and I.ONI F ~CHE cc IP( Ar ANC E I A COI 4 re l a , 'S Will hi n ,lietorß it) 1.). ath 44 4 ivill cont , ''leven 611 TI lICE . N‘' SYLUrN TC ItNiII I LL, L Sir J at t , The Hoixou coiner Reynol( Is Meux, p °ll4 Kymer, t , r aciu Kemblt - 'P t • G. Harris, ?r ll l l. : rtu, b t.,,tieisi x e c :hna.n a eei L oEn G ii: O . : B,,ge o ; Loo :F tti g. T. , ll l l l 01' delay. i n P O REIGN ( 54 /laces at t 4ctual data. PAEGNAN( recols, nor a Al , CIIRONIC I In slight cases I genet-1%14y of Of excluded fmurn are adrnitteii at Further parti or by letter to; t CLERIC RAL Hl GRACE The Bkhop of 1 The Bishop of The Earl of Fif Lord Viscount Lord Viscount Lord Viscount Lord Crofton The Dean of Ai wow( The Ven. Josep The Rev. Chris GEORC Rev. C. Crane, Rev. Ja". Mace G. G. Babingl George Birkbel Robert Bree, A B. C. Brodie, James Carden, A. Chichester, Sir E. Home, I Rev. G. Shep) Rev. R. Yates, John Glatiston4 Joseph Seely, Henry Blunt, . Afeesrs. John Burd ADVANTAG I. A tlimin younger lives, health, and thi 2. In additi surance on hea iirance to all afflicted with plaints of the diseases usual!) 3. Giving t profits, .withou Calculati the assured tl policies for thl in diminution their own hem 5. No iner4 Naval Officers Office remo ' I)44 T-square, 1