The Sun. — London, England, 1861-05-11 00:00:00

niG n WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tins DAY.—Morning, 2h. 34m.—Afternoon, 2h. 58m. To-stounow.-Morning," 3h. 16m.—Afternoon, 3h. 34m. THEATIVI-ItOYAL, HAYMARKET. Lesgee, Alr. J. B. Backstone. Tri is yAry:›llN43-, the performances will commence with a new and original Comedy, entitled BLACK SHEEP. Mr. Buckstone, Mr. Compton, Mr. Howe, its. ; Mrs. Wilkins, Mrs. Charles Young, Miss Lovell, &c. Atter which, will be revived, with entirely new scenery and effects, and all the original music by the late Sir Henry Bishop, the melodrama ot THE MILLER AND HIS MEN. Commence at 7. LOYAL PR INCE S S'S THEATRE. -- Lessee and Manager , Mr. A. Harris. THIS EVENING, THRICE MARRIED. Messrs. Shore, Meadows, Garden, and Miss C. Leclercq. Followed by HAMLET. Hamlet, Mr. Feehter. SUP" ported by Hermann Vezln, Ryder, Meadows, &c. Mis ses Heath, Elsworthy, and R. Leclercq. NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHL— Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. Reproduction of "The Colleen Bawn. "_The Adelphi " Census " every Evenintr. THIS EVENING, 12th time of a new-Farce, entitled A TURKISH BATH. Mr. J. L. Toole, Mr. P. Bedford. ' After which (177th time), THE COLLEEN BAWN. Mr. D. Boucicault, D. Fisher, Billinxton, Falconer, Stephenson, 'C. J. Smith, Romer, Howard, Ward ; Mrs. Boneicault, Miss `Vi'oolgar, Mrs. Billington, and Mrs. Chatterley. To be followed by a new apropos Sketch, TIIE CENSUS. Messrs. J. t,. Toole. Eburne, Romer, C. J. Smith • Miss Kate Kelly, Miss E. Monte, and Mrs. Chatterley. D oors open at half past 6—Commence at 7. CANTERBURY -HALL CONCERTS AND FINE ARTS GALLERY. EVERY EVENING, A Grand Selection from Verdi's new (Vera. UN BALLO IN MASCHERA , (First produced in England at this Establishment), With a Chorus of Forty Voices. Also, Verdi's IL CORSARO, never performed at any Other Concerts. Solos on the Cornet - a -08ton, by Mr. Levy. The Combo Department comprises the Brothers Conrad (in their new and inimitable entertainments), Mr. Wood and his talented little Son, Mr. Marshall, Mr. Blanchard, Mr. Hol lingsworth, and Miss Rose Howard. Musical Director, Mr, F. JONGHMANS. THE WEATHER.—Sum OFFICE, NAT 11, 1661. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 51—highest since noon yesterday. 40—lowest this morning and during the night. 45—this day at noon. BAROMETER-29.64. WlND—Easterly—with steady rain. ? jc• P! , l le 4-.? • m, .c m , "' • . c , 4 t! .0 • b - iTo °- 4 U IttiviZef THE SUN. LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 11, 1861. If we maintain strictly, as it may be hoped we shall in the military sense, our non-intervention policy, we are not likely to forego the pleasure of Parliamentary intervention. Andif our Ministers, however closely questioned, maintain the most becoming reserve, there is no such thing as pre venting the out-spokenness of unofficial members of either house. All the Monarchs of Europe must make up their minds to having their doings dis cussed by English M.P.'s, whether they like it or not. Austria, wise in her generation, secured the services of the renowned English Radical to plead her cause here, but even his advocacy has met with so little favour, that Mr. PEACOCKE and Lord Joni RUSSELL, her Whig and Tory well-wishers, found themselves last night compelled to renounce Mr. ROEBUCK'S doctrine, that Venetia ought, for the good of Italy and Europe, to remain in slavery to Austria. Rather, we should say, that they both adhered to the opinion they shared before with melt Englishmen, that Venetia was never likely to be anything but a burden to Austria, to her mili tary resources, and therefore to her Ex chequer, and hence a source of weakness, not of strength. The Conservative member for Maldon, with English good sense, honestly accepted the view that with Austria in the Quadrilateral, the King of ITALY would always be the Prefect of France, but that if it were re-united to Italy, and the Alps became the Southern boundary of Austria, she would always have a strong independent power between her and France. Both Mr. PEACOCKE, however, and our Foreign Secretary appear to long anxiously for a united Austria, by which they mean that Hungary should merge itself into one with the little German Arch duchy, of which Vienna is the capital, and which has connected with itself so many other petty nationalities and provinces. They may wish this, but can they hope for it by any means which ban make Hungary a source of strength to Austria. The identity of Hungary and Austria is the favou rite dream of our English Statesmen. Lord PAL MERSTON in 1848 sacrificed Hungary to it. He re fused to recognise her Ambassador; he would know nothing of her but as an outlying province of the Archduchy. And the result was the suppression of Hungarian liberties by Russia ; who, emboldened by security in that quarter, commenced her attacks on Turkey, and we thus' found ourselves chastised for our injustice to Hungary by the cost and suffer ings of the Crimean war. The truth is our states men of the old school, both Whig and Tory, are at war with facts. Hungary is not a part of Austria, nor can it be made se. It is an old Kingdom, much larger than the Hereditary States of Austria, and not far from equalling in population those States, and all the other provsuees, those excepted which have always formed part of the lisincs,aria.n Crown; which the Vienna Government has made every exertion to detach from Hungary; which she so successfully stirred up against her in 1848 ; but which cheated and duped, as all have been who have put trust in the HaPsßunos, are now seeking their freedom in reuniting themselves to Hungary. The relative positions of Hungary and Austria are, however, now forcing themselves on the atten tion of Europe ; and the simple statement of the case is, that Hun g ary demands what she is entitled to by history, by law, by treaty, and by the traditions of a thousand years, while to all this Austria has no thing to oppose but force. Hun gary demands to be de facto, wh at she is no toriously de jute, a kingdom. Austria wants her to be at best but in fact a provin ce of an nominally a kingdom , empire. Hun pry i s willing to abide by th e Pragmatic Sanction to which the Emperor o f AUSTRIA himself is, most reluctantly we may be mare, comp e lled t o a ppeal as the basis of his claim t o the crown. But the per fidious HArs- BURG W°lll d strike out of that treaty all that defines his obligation s as Ki ug of HUNGARY, and retain only the obligati,, of the Hungarians to take him as their King, to do as he will with his own." It seems impossible that the two demands can be coin is the most important part of promised. Hungary that strange motley of States called the Austrian Empire. Yet the EMPEROR wishes to merge it in the province. If there be an Austrian Empire, Hun garyand the EupE R is its head of gold, oil and his stolid Germans would fuse the whole, the gold , brass, iron, and clay, and amalgamate them in the furnace of a Reichsrath and a Vienna Government. German statesmen see no other means of creating a strong Austria; but Hungarians see in them enslaved Hungary. They are a municipal and constitutional people by the discipline of centuries. They know how to manage their own affairs, and how to fight for liberty to manage them. They have sustained for several generations the treacherous and violent efforts of "the Germans of the Arch duchy, to cheat them of their independence or to wrest it from them. Again and again they have triumphed over chicanery and violence, too; and they are now regaining their feet after their over- 1 throw by the brute NICHOLAS) and the Vienna traitors combined. We may be sure they will not, peaceably, lie down now in the dust, and allow FRANCIS JOSEPH and his Germans to put again their feet on their necks. At this moment Austria is trying all ways to I wear out the patience of the Hungarians. Like our HAMPDENS of old, the Hungarians refuse to pay taxes not legally sanctioned by the Diet. The EMPEROR is therefore resorting to the old and ap proved method of dragooning. Wholly in violation of the laws he has a large German army in Hun gary. He quarters the soldiers on the peasant till they will pay; or if they persist in refusing seizes their property and sells it, perhaps to German officials, who buy it for a song. Nevertheless great numbers cannot even thus be coerced into payment. But why not get a budget voted by the assembled Diet, and the payment obtained without difficulty ? Because the Diet, like the English Parliaments in the STUART times, demand first, their legal rights ; and that is a bitter pill for Viennese Statesmen and Emperors to swallow. FERDINAND V. must first abdicate as Sing of .Hungary, and FRANCIS JOSEPH be crowned. When crowned he must swear to the legal documents which will annihilate his reign of illegality in Hungary; will banish his marauding and brutal German soldiers ; will recal the Hungarian regi ments to Hungary, will give Hungary a Palatine, a separate Administration and Exchequer, and constitute her, what she has every claim to be, an independent kingdom, with FRANCIS JOSEPH for Sovereign, if he sees fit to rule within the , limits of law. To consent to this, or to fight Hungary, seem to be the only alternatives now. The Reichsrath has assembled, but it is no Imperial Reichsrath, for the Hungarian representatives, and those of the affiliated parts, neither have arrived nor are likely to do so. Hungary has indeed angrily re ceived the Royal opening Speech, which pre sumed to think that she would ever see it to be for her interest or her dignity to merge herself in a Parliament of petty provinces. The miserable HAPSBURGS know not which way to turn. The path of loyalty to their engagements with Hungary is odious to them ; the violence of open traitors, which they would prefer, might shake the ill-united provinces to pieces. We should not be surprised at their resorting, however, to desperate measures, The new French pamphlet now upon the eve of publication is to be entitled—what do you think?— " Waterloo." Yes even so Waterloo ! That jour faneste de Mont Saint Jean ! It must be acknowledged certainly that it is not supposed„ like so many of its memorable predecessors, to have been penned from the dictation of a certain august personage. It is not authenticated by the signa ture of M. MOCQUARD. It is not countersigned by the Minister of State. It has not upon its title page the customary significant flourish intimating that it is from the hand of the great imperial publicist, Monsieur le Viseomte DE LA GITERON NIERE. No—strange to tell, the new brochure is of a very different parentage indeed. It is to be forthcoming under the aegis of the Imperial Go vernment of NAPOLEON lll.—the last and not the least remarkable evidence of that liberty (? ) of writing and printing which, under M. DE PER sIGNY'S Ministerial auspices, was to have placed the BONAPARTE regime upon a par in this matter with the British Constitution. Waterloo —in point of fact, is to be a sort of peace-offering of course—from the hand of M. Loins VEUILLOT. " The least said "—one might have fancied upon that forty-six-year-old battle—" the soonest mended." The old homely proverb observes—" Better not stir dirty water." Another adage equally familiar advices people of common sense to—" Let bygones be bygones." Not so thinks the ex redacteur of the Univers. And so—with a truly Christian hand he is announced as about at this moment to fling down a highly explosive hand-grenade under the appearance of a paper pellet, entitled, as we have said, terse:y —" Water loo !" M. Louis VEUILLOT is about to throw it down into the midst of all the combustible materials that have been accumulating for a dozen years past on the other side of the Channel, until France has become one vast camp, garrisoned by 600,000 men, under the mandate of a Prince who is now recog nised by the world as at once an Emperor and a Soldier ; a Prince who years ago conceived it to be his own especial mission to Avenge a Misfortune. And that Misfortune ? It is the title of M. VEUIL LOT'S forthcoming pamphlet. It is, in one word, " Waterloo." Yet upon the eve of the publication of that pamphlet —upon the morrow (politically speaking) of the annexation of Savoy and Nice, an annexation so often solemnly denied by the Emperor NAPOLEON and his Ministers—so often denied by them as a project in any way meditated, even up to the very moment when it was accomplished—our own Foreign Secretary is so infatuated, as to close the discussion about the Lebanon in yesterday's sitting in the House of Commons, by saying, " With regard to the evacuation of Syria by the French troops, they had every reason to rely on the good faith of the Emperor of the FRENCH, and to expect that he would keep his engage ments." Indeed. That is the impression of Lord JOHN RUSSELL. It is not ours. We judge dif ferently, and we do so simply by reason of the national experience. The reigning Sovereign of FRANCE inaugurated the revival of the Napoleonian empire by that famous dictum of his at the Bor deaux banquet, " L'Empire c'est la Paix." But since then—has it been so ? Russia, Italy, China declare to the contrary. All Europe attests at this moment the fallacy of the prediction. The French army has been ever since that declaration in creasing and strengthening. The French navy is nearly doubled. The arsenals, the fortresses, the harbours of the great Peaceful Empire have been Biz extended and improved, that all around this . e rllator of Christendom , this Moderator of Revo lutions, th e been more and to the teeth ; th sedulously att en db r y allies of France have for a dozen years m f o o r r e carefully arming themselves ey have been more and more b to their military and mari time capacity self-d e f ence. Withd raw i n g our observations fr om E urope generally, and re stricting them for a moment to ourselves—what do we find here, in the United Kingdom, as the result " of an intimacy w ith our (li t e rally) dear" Ally— the Founder of that Empire, or rather the Reviver of that Empire, which was to be Peace— Peace nothing but Peace for all Christen dom? We find a war revenue necessitated year after year, because of a war expendi \ to re. We find war taxes, like those upon tea aili sugar, and (worst of all) upon incomes, per petuated to the general disgust, in the midst of a clamour for their reduction, at intervals in despite of despairing cries for th e i r abandonment, we find upwards of L 70 ,00 0,000 sterling per annum set down as paid away out of the Exchequer. We find yearly one entire moiety of the national expen diture (£30,000,000) swallowed up in our maritime and military disbursements ! We find as the last and crowning result of the French alliance, of our alliance with that French Empire which was to 1 be Peace—all England, astir with the footsteps and Tlit: SUN, PONDON, SATURDAY EvENlNgoi____ the trumpet notes of her armed Volunteers. And as if to signalise how much reliance can be placed upon the word of our imperial ally—there is that affair of the Savoy and Nice annexation that we can all point to ! A Sovereign could not have spoken more plainly. A Sovereign's Minister could not have written more distinctly. Savoy and Nice were " not" to be annexed to France. Nay, France had not even the wish, had certainly not the design, of absorbing those provinces of the ancient kingdom of her intimate ally King VICTOR EMMANUEL. Scarcely had the Emperor NAPO LEON'S word ceased to vibrate upon the ear of Europe, scarcely was the ink from the pen of his Minister dry upon the paper—when the provinces named were absorbed with an air of the most inso lent nonchalance. And yet, it is the " good faith" of the French EMPEROR that Lord JOHN RUSSELL now complacently relies upon for the fulfilment of those engagements that Syria shall be evacuated. Before the period which was originally marked out for the occupation of the country of the Lebanon by French troops, we said (in our recollection of the Savoy and Nice affair) that we should believe in the fulfilment of those terms when—they should have been fulfilled! when—Syria should, in obedience to that formal stipulation, have been formally evacuated ! We all remember, that—it was not so evacuated. We all remember, that the original pe riod set apart for the French occupation was extended. Well: this time the French EMPEROR (as Lord JOHN 15 sanguine enough to believe), Ws time the French EMPEROR may really intend to do what he has said he will do. He may—for once — Ibe true to his word : and at the date fixed upon— his soldiers may be withdrawn from Syria. When they are withdrawn, we shall believe it. Certainly not before. LATEST NEWS. THE BANK OF FRANCE. PARIS, SATURDAY, MAY 11. The Moniteur of this morning publishes the usual monthly return of the Bank of France, which shows the following results as compared with the April account : INCREASE. Cash in hand 15,000,000 f. Bills discounted, not yet due .. 44,400,000 f. Advances .. 10,000,000 f. Bank notes 14,600,000 f. Treasury bonds.. Accounts current 40,750,000 f. 1,750,000 f. TURIN, SATURDAY, MAY 11. The majority of the select committees in the Chamber of Deputies are favourable to the pro jected loan. Advices from Perugia state that a violent shock of earthquake was felt in that territory on Wed nesday last. Several persons were killed. GLARUS, MAY 11. Since ten o'clock last night this town has been in flames. More than 150 houses have already been destroyed, including public buildings and even several fire engines. MARSEILLES, MAY 11. The Valetta, with the Calcutta, China, and Aus tralian mails, arrived at Marseilles at 6.30 a.m. this day. The mails were to leave for London at 10 a.m. TURIN, MAY 10. The Opinione of to-day contains an article ex plaining that the moral adhesion of France to the Kingdom of Italy is not sufficient. The article continues thus : " The time has arrived in which France should explicitly and officially recognise the new state of things. Such a course would deprive the enemies of the Kingdom of Italy of any pretext. The ene mies of France would then no longer be able to say that her policy is equivocal." ROME (via MARSEILLES) MAY 7. ILis*sserted that Monsignor Chigi is about to go to Paris as Papal Nuncio, and that his nomina tion has already been accepted by the French Government. VIENNA, MAY 10. Both Houses of the Council of the Empire, in their addresses to the Emperor, express a wish for the maintenance of the Constitution, and that Hungary may be induced to send representat ives to the Reicharath. They further hope that peace may be main. tained, and declare themselves ready to make sacri fices if required. They conclude by expressing their wish for the maintenance of the indivisibility of the Empire. The Oesterreichiscbe Zeitung of to-day says : " All the gentlemen whose election in Venetia has been announced have declined to take their seats in the Council of the Empire, on the ground that they cannot consider that a few communes repre sent the will of the country. Even Count Aloise Moncenigo has withdrawn his consent to be nomi nated as a member of the Reichsrath." ST. PETERSBURG, MAY 10.• An insurrection of a religious character has broken out in the government of Kagan. Seventy peasants have been shot. Gen. Bibikoff has been despatched to Kasan. Disturbances have also taken place in the govern• went of Pensa. THORN, MAY 10. The sittings of the Council of State, in reference to the projected elections to the Municipal Council of Warsaw, have commenced under the Presidency of Prince Gortschakoff, the Governor. MM. Lewinski, Toman, Potocki, Ostrowski, Rosen, and Kronenberg have been called upon as confidential persons to be present at the sittings of the Council. _ MAY 11, 1861. --THE-CIVIL WAR IN 4111.E.R1al (Fione the Special Correspondent of the Times.) NORFOLK, VIRGINIA, APRIL 15. Sumter has fallen at last. So much may be ac cepted. Before many hours I hope to stand amid the ruins of a spot which will probably become historic, and has already made more noise in the world than its guns, gallant as the defence may have been. The news will produce an extraor dinary impression at New York—it will disconcert stock-jobbers and derange the most ingenious spe culations. But, considerable as may be its results in any part of the Union, I venture to say that nowhere will the shock cause such painful con vulsions as in the Cabinet of Washington, where there appeared to exist the most perfect conviction that the plan for the relief of Sumter could not fail to be successful either through the force of the ex pedition provided for that object, or through the unwillingness of the leaders at Chaileston to fire the first shot, and to compel the surrender of the place by actual hostilities. The confidence of Mr. Seward in the strength of the name and of the re sources of the United States Federal Government must have received a rude blow, but his confidences are by no means of a weakly constitution, and it will be long ere he can bring himself to think that all his prophecies must be given up one after another before the inexorable logic of facts, with which his vaticinations have been in " irrepressible conflict' , It seems to me that Mr. Seward has all along under valued the spirit and the resolution of the Southern Slave States, or that he has disguised from others the sense he entertains of their extent and vigour. The days assigned for the life of the secession have been numbered over and over again, and secession has not yielded up the ghost. The "bravado" of the South has been sustained by deeds which render re treat from its advanced position impossible. Mr. Seward will probably find himself hard pushed to maintain his views in the Cabinet in the face of re cent events, which will, no doubt, be used with effect and skill by Mr. Chase, who is understood to be in favour of letting the South go as it lists with out any more trouble, convinced as he is that it is an element of weakness in the body politic, while he would be prepared to treat as treason any at tempts in the remaining States of the Union to act on the doctrine of secession. But the Union party must now prevail. As yet I do not know whether the views I expressed relative to the destination of the greater part of the troops and stores sent from the North were correct, for it cannot be learned here how many ships were off Sumter when it sur rendered ; but notwithstanding what has occurred I reiterate the assertion that the Washington Cabinet always said and say they had no inten tion to provoke a conflict there, and that had the authorities at Charleston continued their per mission to the garrison to procure supplies in their markets, there would have been no immediate action on their part to precipitate the fight, though they were determmined to hold it and Port Pickens, as well as Tortugas and ley West, and to victual and strengthen the garrison of the former as soon as they were able. Fate was against them. The deci sion and power of their opponents were against them. But their defence will be that they could not do anything till they got troops, and ships, and muni tions of war together, and that they did as much as they could in a month, Sumter, in fact, was a mouse in the jaws of the cat, and the moment an attempt was made to release the prey by external influence, the jaws were closed and the mouse was disposed of. The act will produce, I believe, in spite of what I see, a very deep impression throughout all the States, and will tend to bring about an immediate collision between the high-handed parties on both sides. When Mr. Lincoln came into office it was discovered that a promise had been made by out going members of the preceding Government to surrender the Southern forts. That promise was ignored by the incoming Ministry. The Southern Commissioners insist on it that, apart from the com pact of Mr. Buchanan's Cabinet, a pledge had been given to the South that no attempt would be made to reinforce the forts without notice to the Govern ment at Montgomery, and so far as can be ascer tained the authorities at Washington did cause to be coov.y.a 4. --- prcs,ion of tleir intention to victual Sumter ; but whether they do so in respect to their pledge, if it existed, or in consequence of the decision at Charles ton to prevent the issuing of further supplies to the garrison, is uncertain. The withdrawal of the permission to market was all but an act of war. If the United States Government would act on the hypothesis that the Southern Confederation was an independent power, it would surely have consi dered the proceeding as a prelude to immediate hostility. But the course thus adopted arose out of the preparations made by the United States Go vernment in fitting out expeditions, the object of which was scarcely dubious. The Commissioners of the Southern States at Washington, never acknow ledged, at last met with a decisive rebuff just as Virginia saw her representatives from the Conven tion on their way to ask Mr. Lincoln to explain his intentions. The Commissioners were given to un derstand that their presence was useless, and that the forts would be reinforced, and on the intelli gence thus furnished to the Government at Mont gomery it was resolved to act b y summoning Major Anderson to surrender before succour could arrive, and in event of refusal by compelling him to yield in the sight of the would be relieving squadron. As soon as the Commissioners found that Mr. Lin coln had made his decision, they departed in no very vielding temper, and washed their hands in a vale dictory paper of theresults. It was my intention to have left Washington early in the week, and to have reached Charleston before these gentlemen had departed, but the heavy storms and floods which washed away part of the railway between Wash ington and Richmond at the other side of the Poto mac prevented my departure, and not only arrested the mails from the South and the journey of the Virginian delegates for several days, but obliged the Commissioners to take the round-about course by rail to Baltimore, thence by steamer to Norfolk, Virginia, and then on by rail to Charleston, which I am now pursuing one day later. Although the Ministers at the capital affected to discredit the existence of any design to seize upon the city, their acts indicated an apprehension of danger, or at least a desire to take all possible pre cautions against treachery. The district militia were called out and sworn for service, and the result showed that there were more citizens in the ranks ready to stand by the Government than there were Secessionists who would not defend it. Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday last were very busy days. The companies forming the battalions of the district militia were mustered and marched off from their quarters to the enclosure in front of the War De partment, where they took or refused the oath of service, as the humour moved them. It is scarcely possible to imagine a more heterogenous body of men ; the variety of uniform, of clothing, and of ac coutrements was as great as if a specimen sq uad had been taken from the battalions of the Grams Army of 1812. The general effect of the men and of their habiliments is decidedly French, and there is even a small company ot Zouaves, but I cannot understand how these little independent bodies are to be brought into line of battle, or depended on for united action. On the days above mentioned the monotony of the wide, lifeless streets was broken at intervals by the tap of the drum, beating a pas in the French fashion, and then came the crowd of idlers whc are fond of cheap martial display. To a company of 40 rank and file there are generally two drummers and six or seven officers or more, and the glory of epaulettes shines out bravely through the cloud of French gray, and light and dark blue capotcs. The musters are not, I am told, as they should be. There are some pale faces, rounded shoulders, and weak frames in the r anks, but the majority are very fair specimens of s fine race of men, and some companies were composed of soldier-like, stout fellows, who only required active service to set them up for any military duty , Not a fourth of those bound to servo were ready, how ever, to come forward and fight for the Go vernment at Washington ; and it is probable that nothing short of a struggle for life or death would induce one-half to take the field. Not one-half of the militia is properly armed. It is a great army on paper ; no Army in the world io §c• magnificently officered, even in proportion to its numbers. The strength of the militia of the whole of the ex- United States is nearly 3,000,000 men of all ranks. Of these there arc no less than 3,839 generals of sorts, 9,800 colonels and field officers, 38,680 cap tains and subalterns—Kentucky boasts of 188 ge nerals, New York has not less than 392, Michigan is rich in 383 generals, and so on. But, unless there were some popular passion to excite the country, the actual force available for the field would be a fractional part of these grand totals. The American Minerva which sprang from the womb of the great revolutionary war with panoply of proof, believes that she is invincible, and there is un• questionably a strong military spirit among the people, generated by the incidents which attended their national birth, and developed by the subse quent small wars in which they have been engaged with rather impotent enemies. Whether this spirit will be called forth in the North and West as largely as it has unquestionably been in the South remains to be seen. The evidences of the near approach of a civil war are now beyond all dispute, but the nature of the conflict will depend on the steps taken by the belligerents. If the Southern States await invasion they fight over a loaded mine. To avoid the hor rors of a conflict on their own soil they will pro bably seek to make good their boast of marching upon Washington ; but whether they reach it is quite another matter. The present means of defending it are very contemptible, but vast populations are close at hand which can furnish thousands of men for its protection. The city contains no strategical points, and in a military sense its possession is not so important that it would be worth while to risk all to gain it ; but its political significance is enor mous, and it is likely enough that the capital will become the object of military demonstrations on both sides. With the Potomac and Chesapeake Bay strongly held by the Federal Government, Virginia, in case she casts in her lot with the South, will find herself menaced in the most formidable manner. Southern men have complained to me in terms of the strongest indignation that Virgin ian Secessionists have applied to South Carolina for 5,000 men to enable them to seize the forts which commands the rivers and the sea coasts. It proves that little active aid can be expected from that State if the Confede• rate party cannot do that little piece of business on their own account. From the date of this letter it will be seen that I am on my way to the South, and although I shall not arrive in time to give any account of the recent operations against Fort Sumter, I hope to gain some insight into the actual condition of the army of the Confederated States. On Friday evening I bade good-by to Washing ton, and none of the Ministers had any idea that Sumter had been attacked, nor had Lord Lyons re ceived any intelligence from Charleston. (FROM ANOTHER CORRESPONDENT.) NEW YORK, Arm 27. Since my last letter we have been in a state o comparative quiet. The calm of preparation and work has succeeded the fever of the first excitement. No new regiments have gone forward. Washing ton, after having been for four or five days cut off from all communication with the North, is now occupied by the New York and Massachusetts regi ments sent from here last Saturday, Sunday, and Monday. Fort Munroe is fully reinforced and guards the entrance of the Chesapeake ; the Go vernment have a sufficient naval force there to pre serve the control of those waters against any force the rebels can bring against it ; and, these things being assured, we hare now time to look about and see what has been lost and gained in the first week of the war, and what are the relative positions of the two parties, The call of the President for 75,000 men will be more than responded to. About 10,000 troops have already been sent to Washington frow New York, and 1,000 or 2,000 have been sent to the Chesapeake from Boston directly by sea. Troops have also been sent there from Pennsylvania, but in what numbers I am not able to say, as the troops of that State have been sent forward and backward for arms. Massachusetts is also raising more troops. Two more regiments are ordered from that State at once. Thee rPc,nlc3 are responding to the call with great alacrity, and are actually paying premiums for places in the ranks. The feeling of hostility against the Baltimore mob is extremely bitter in that State. As one of their regiments was passing through New York a bystander asked one of the privates where they were going to. " To look for two missing men" was the reply. The President himself appears to be of the same mind. The other New England States are not behind Massachusetts. The little State of Vermont, with a population of only 300,000, has appropriated 1,000,000 dols. to the war, and has al. ready sent forward a regiment, and the still smaller State of Rhode Island has done even more. The city of New York continues her exertions on the same grand scale. We have a camp for two regiments (enlisted for the war) at the Battery, three more are already encamped at Staten Island, and two more at Fort Schuyler, at Hellgate, on the East River. The park in front of the City-hall is rapidly becom ing a settlement. Large wooden sheds for the troops'fill the whole of the Broadway and Chatham street fronts of that place, and as soon as they are finished there will be more than troops enough to fill them. A regiment of Zouaves has already been organised from the New York firemen, and I think I may say without exaggeration—for it is impossible yet to speak with perfect accuracy—that in addition to the 8,000 troops already sent from the ordinary militia of this town, and to the volunteer regiments from Fort Schuyler, Staten Island, and the Battery organised for the war, there are 6,000 men already officered and enrolled from the city of New York alone, and new enlistments are constantly going on and new regiments forming. General Wood's head quarters are transferred to New York, and the work of organisation is superintended by him personally. Nor are the civilians, and especially the women, less busy. Under the direction of some of the leading surgeons of New York the medicai and surgical de partment, which has been sadly neglected with the troops that have already left, and the hospital department, are being rapidly systematised. The organisations for local charity connected with the various churches have also taken up the matter vigorously, preparing clothes for the troops, and, what is equally important, bandages, lint, medi cines, and other things connected with the hospital department. The ladies daily meet in the vesiries of the several churches, and give their whole time up to this patriotic work. Nor are the substantial citizens, who cannot go to the war in person, less active or less patriotic. Money flows in streams to supply wants. A regiment has but to indicate its wants, and they are supplied. A Central Union Committee, composed of the prin cipal citizens of New York, administers the ge neral fund ; but this is but a small part of the means profusely supplied. One citizen, Mr, Astor, has already contributed 22,000 dols., and several others have contributed 5,0 00 dols., 10,000 dole., and 15,000 dols. each. All feel that it is a war for national existence, and are ready to sacrifice everything rather than have the stars and stripes blotted out. The vigour which has characterised the movements of the mer chants begins to be felt at Washington, and I venture to say that there will be no more burning of steamers and men-of-war to save them from the e nemy's hands. Unfortunately, the last attempt at destruction turns out to be less complete than was hoped. The Government have chartered nearly, or quite, all the American steamers in New York, some for transports, and some for war service. They have even taken one of the Cunard screws into their service, notwithstanding the Na vigation Laws, and perhaps when they find how useful English tonnage can be made they may be induced to modify those laws. At any rate it is a happy beginning New Jersey of the breakdown of the monop ol y . reports her four regiments as completed and mustered into service. They are yet at Tren ton. The troops of the interior of New York are reported as ready. They are mustering at Elmira. More troops have been offered in t! .e city of New York alone than were called for from the State. This is felt to be of little consequence, however, as the President will make another call soon. In Pennsylvannia about 30,000 troops have been of fered, and 2),000 accepted. Delaware has called Out its troops for ,he Union. It does not attempt to ally itself with the South. The West is repor ted as all alive. Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois will offer more troops than are wanted from them. The six regiments called for from Illinois were full a week since. It is understood that these troops are to remain in the West. A portion of them will undoubtedly be assigned to hold Cairo, at the mouth of the Ohio, and the rest encamped in some healthy locality. I am writing with great rapidity to catch the mail, and have time only to indicate these principal points. From the South we have, of course, little information that is reliable. We have good reason to think, how ever, that some of the Carolina troops have been moved North ; that it was the purpose of Davis to seize Wasbington,—Harper's Ferry being first occupied by Virginia and Kentucky troops, the arms then seized, the troops armed by them occupying the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail road, and Baltimore itself occupied by a Secession mob. It was believed that this move would be suc cessful, and that New York and Philadelphia would then declare for the South. The burning of Har per's Ferry by the Government troops, the unex pected vigour of the Massachusetts troops, the still more unexpected unanimity of the North, and the alacrity of the New York troops to respond to the call of the Government, have defeated this plan, and the Government now stand for the moment masters of the position on the Potomac. A SHOWER OF 11811. The following extract from a letter from Singa pore, addressed to the Academy of Sciences by M. de Castelnau, will be found interesting : "We experienced a shock of earthquake here on the 16th of February last ; its duration was about two minutes, in a S.W.—N.E. direction. Although it caused no damage, its undulatory mo tion was sufficiently strong to affect certain per sons with a sensation akin to sea-sickness. It was followed by rain in torrents on the 20th, 21st, and 22d ; on the latter day especially we were for half an hour surrounded with water to a considerable depth ; we could not see three yards before us. When tile sun came out again I saw a number of Malays and Chinese filling their baskets with the fish contained in the pools formed by the rain. They told me the fish had fallen from heaven ;' and three days later, when the pools were all dried up, there were still many dead fish lying about. I found them to belong to the Clarias Batrachus, which can live a con siderable time out of water, and even move to some distance on dry land. As they lay in my courtyard, which is surround ed by a wall, they could not have been brought in by the overflowing of a torrent ; nor is there any considerable one in the neighbourhood. The space covered by these fish might be about 20 hectares (50 acres), com prising the Eastern part of the town. They were very lively, and seemed to be in good health. At Malacca the earthquake of the 16th of February was severely felt, and on the 23d there was another, followed by a deluge of rain. I have particularly remarked the singular occurrence of the fish, having already, during my stay at the Cape of Good Hope, had occasion to mention to the Academy the fact of several new species of fish being found after an earthquake. Is it admissible to suppose that a waterspout, in passing over some large river of Sumatra, had drawn up the fish and carried them over ? It is not without fear I venture to suggest this hypothesis." COURT CIRCULAR. WHITE-LODGE, RICHMOND-PARK, MAY 10. Her Majesty, accompanied by Princess Helenatand Prin cess Beatrice, drove out yesterday afternoon. Lady Caro line Barrington and Lieut.-General the Hon. C. Grey were in attendance, The Prince Consort and Princess Alice rode on horseback, attended by Major Du Platt. Their Royal Highnesses Prince Arthur and Prince Leo pold, attended by Maj Elphinbtone, visited her Majesty. A deputation had an interview with Earl Gran ville yesterday at the Privy Council-office respecting the opening of the Glasneven-gardens on Sunday. Despatches were received yesterday at the Colonial-office from the Governor of Canada and the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands. Despatches were sent to the Governors of the Bahamas, Hongkong, Ceylon, and Malta. MANSION-HOUSE BANQUET TO THE JUDGES.— The Lord Mayor last night gave the usual entertainment to her Majesty's judges and themost distinguished members of the English bar. The Egyptian-hall, in which the banquet took place, presented a brilliant scene when the company, numbering about 300, took their seats. THE SWISS SINGERS still continue their success ful career at St. James's Hall. Their entertainment has the virtue of being light and agreeable, without being too long. This latter is a great point, for the audience are never sent away with a feeling of fatigue, but invariably leave with a desire to go again and hear more. MR. GEORGE TURPIN, so well known in con nexion with the Haymarket Theatre, where he has long fulfilled the duties of Box-Bookkeeper with equal assiduity and courtesy, announces his annual benefit for Wednesday next, when a number of those who have experienced his attention and urbanity, will be glad to acknowledge the claims of the occasion.—Era. A TOP ROOM IN THE TEMPLE.—Alterations have been made in that part of the Temple since that time, and it has not now so lonely a character as it had then, nor is it so explsed to the river. We lived at the top of the last house, and the wind rushing up the river shook the house that night like discharges of cannon or breakings of a sea. When the rain came with it and dashed against the windows I thought, raising my eyes to them as they rocked, that I might have fancied myself in a storm-beaten lighthouse. Occasionally, the smoke came rolling down the chimney as though it could not bear to go out on such a night ; and when I set the doors open and looked down the staircase, the staircase lamps were blown out ; and when I shaded my face with my hands and looked through the black windows (opening them ever so little, was out of the question in the teeth of such wind and rain) I saw that the lamps in the court were blown out, and that the lamps on the bridges and the shore were shuddering, and that the coal fires in barges on the river were being carried away before the wind like red-hot splashes in the rain. I read with my watch upon the table, purposing to close my book at eleven o'clock. As I shut it, Saint Paul's, and all the many church-clocks in the City—some leading, some accompanying, some following—struck that hour. Tho sound was curiously flawed by the wind ; and I was listening, and thinking how the wind assailed it and tore it, when I heard a footstep on the F tair.—" Great Expectations," in Diekens's " All the Year _Round." AN UNREHEARSED EFFECT.—The Sheffield Daily Telegraph says :—" We regret to announce that on Friday evening a circumstance of a painful and exciting nature occurred at this popular place of amusement. During his engagement at Hengley's establishment, Mr. Dan Castello has been exhibiting his beautiful and highly-trained horse Ducrow, and a ponderous buffalo, which he bought on the prairies of America, and which the Indians had named , Yellow Thunder.' after one of their chiefs, who was of huge proportions. In order to provide against accident in the event of the buffalo turning violent, Castello held the animal by a rope, which was fastened to a hook through its nose, and whenever it exhibited symptoms of obstinacy ho applied a whip. On Friday evening the buffalo gave evidence of more than ordinary stubbornness, and did not perform some of the customary tricks, and when it came to that part of the programme at which it should leap over a num ber of bars placed against the side of the arena, it cleared one, and then, in the twinkling of an eye, turned upon Cas tello, and knocked him down. It fell heavily upon him, and attempted to gore him, but Castello, being an active and powerful man, struggled to free himself, and succeeded in avoiding much of the injury which would otherwise have been inflicted on him. The horns of the brute struck several times against the side of the arena, and tore down some portion of the red cloth covering. The utmost alarm was created in the place, and great fears were entertained for Castello's , s afety. The audience, w hich was very large , screamed and shout e d , and several people ran out of the place. At length Castello succeeded in escaping from his powerful assailant, and jumped into the boxes. The b uffalo, on losing its victim, i mmediately ran out of the aren a the same way that it had entered, and order was soon afterwards restored. On inquiry, we are informed that Castello was not dangerously hurt, that he was able to walk to a cab, and that the most serious injury is a wound in the fleshy part of one of his legs," FRANCE. BOURSE, May 10.—The alarm felt on Wednes day of a rise in the rate of discount by the Bank of England having turned out unfounded, the market —1 Belgian 41 has again acquired a little buoyancy, and prices have improved. Threes , fo r the Account, are now at 69f 30c. Railway Shares are also firmer. The following were the l ast quotations: — ft per per Cents ... 96 10 i Credit Fonder ...• 995 36 9 35 1 Piedmont ese Fi ves . 73 25 3Do per encdenmtsonth Do. end month 69 35 Roman Bank Shares 2880 —1 Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 708 75 : §_panish Th rees 49 50 Do. Account 7lO I..—illome Debt ' 48 50 AAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans ............... . 1355 .._ .• 1357 50 Northern .......... 985 -_ .. 983 75 New ditto ~, 897 50 .. ----- LyonsandMediterranean 930 -- .. 930 Geneva 415 -- .. 415 -- Southern 577 50 .. 575 -- Western - .. 531 25 Eastern - .. 581 25 Sardinian 3BO -- .. 380 -- Austrian - .. 502 50 Lombard . ROYAL DRAMATIC COLLEGE. The second annual performance for the benefit of this institution took place last night at the Royal Italian Opera-house, which had been kindly lent on the occasion by the lessee, Mr. F. Gye. It was attended by a numerous and brilliant audience and the stage presented a spectacle similar to that of last year, the principal actors from nearly every theatre in London contributing their services in aid of their superannuated brethren. Mr. T. P. Cooke, ever prompt in the cause of charity, once more came forward to astonish the public with the demonstra tion of his perpetual youth. M. Fechter proclaimed himself one of the fraternity of English actors by assisting the common cause in his well-known Shaksperian character. Mr. and Mrs. Keeley, now too seldom visible, enlivened the evening by . appear ing as Touchstone and Audrey in a selection from "As You Like It." To enumerate the rest would be to reprint the bill, which, as a matter of course, presented a series of dramatic fragments, chosen so as to exhibit the greatest possible variety of talent. The Haymarket, the Adelphi, the St. James's, Sad ler's Wells, and the Surrey were all represented by their managers, as well as by their chief artists, Messrs. Buckstone, Webster, Wigan, Phelps, and Creswick standing on the list in favourite charac ters, while Mr. Aug us t u s Harris, of the Princess's, was the director of the entire performance; and Mr. Robson, of the Olympic, pleaded serious indis position as the sole cause of his absence. Nor were the musical composers behindhand on t h e occasion. Mr. Benedict conducted his overture to the " Minnesanger," Mr. Wallace the overture to " Lurline," and Mr. Balfe pleaded th e necessity of accompanying his daughter to Dants:c. T he Vocal A ss ociation gave their aid, a nd sang " Sleep Gentle Lady" and the National A n them, and Madame Dolby-Sainton contributed a favourite song. The novelty of the evening was an original ad dress, written by Mr. T om T a ylor, and spoken by Mrs. and Miss Stirlin g . Th e Ghost of Anne Brace girdle, represented by Mrs. Stirling, is supposed o visit the boards of Covent Garden, where she is gre atly shocked at th e s l ang and pertness of Miss Thalia, of 1861, who h as exc hanged classic wit for pan and genuine comedy for burlesque. On learn ing, however, that the young lady is engaged i n a t work of charity, the g h os t becomes comparatively satisfied, and acknowledges that, although dramat i c art may have declined, the histrionic heart Is still in its right place. Mr. Taylor's verse was most elo quently spoken by Mrs. Stirling, and the address fully answered its purpose. AUSTRIA AND THE KINGDOM OF ITALY. The following is a despatch addressed by the Austrian Minister for foreign Affairs to his Am bassador in London, as an indirect reply to the despatch from Count Cavour to the Sardinian Minister at the English Court, in reference to pro claiming the "Kingdom of Italy," and to the policy of the Cabinet of Turin. The subjoined bears the date of April 27 : " The journals have recently published a despatch, addressed by the Count de Cavour to the Marquis d'Azeglio, on the date of the 16th of March last. Though the publication referred to has, up to this time, if I am not mistaken, no official character, it has, notwithstanding, attracted our attention, and it would be difficult for us to pass all the assertions contained in that document in entire silence. " I shall not undertake to discuss here the opi nions of M. de Cavour on the present situation of the countries now submitted to Piedmontese domi nation. The character and effects of that domina tion, the manifestations and events of all kinds that have preceded or followed the annexations, are facts that enter into the domain of history. To history it belongs to settle their value, and we have no wish to encroach on her rights. It will suffice us, for the instant, to observe how marked a contrast the disorders and sanguinary suppressions of which Italy is every day the theatre, form to the brilliant colours of the canvas painted by M. de Cavour. " What it is important for me here to call atten tion to are passages of the despatch to the Marquis d'Azeglio, that refer to Venetia. We must, above all, give a categorical denial to the assertion that no other regime is possible in Venetia than the state of siege. Though habituated to see our adversaries employ against the weapon of calumny, we are, however, astonished to find a fact so notoriously incorrect asserted in an official document. The state of siege, raised almost immediately after the cessa tion of hostilities in 18-59, has never been since re established at any point of our Italian provinces. "As to the other reproaches addressed to the Austrian administration in Venetia, I can but re vert to my former despatches on that head. They long since placed at your Excellency's disposal ma terials sufficient for you to be enabled to rectify the erroneous impressions that have been diffused among the public, and to throw on whom it is due the responsibility of a state of things that inter poses an obstacle to the complete realisation of the generous intentions of the Emperor my master. " We shall therefore dispense with once again enumerating all the difficulties raised up against us from without, all the provocative schemes of the committee that are organised and working under the eyes of the Piedmontese Government—in a word, all the culpable manoeuvres brought into play to paralyse and render impossible any conciliatory ac tions, to excite and keep up ferment in the populations, by representing them as groaning under an intoler able yoke. If the Italian subjects of the Emperor .L do not share to the full in the benefits conferred nn. ust that come be attributed otnm without. ‘‘Moreover, h her effectsn a r f f h t e h p e e r E p T n o t P u i l instigations we are surprised, th a t M . d e C avour ot ot e continues to affect so much consideration for the so-called victims of military rule, when the Pied montese Government shrinks from no one of the severities of that rule as so vigorously applied by its agents in Southern Italy. The echo of the fusil lades in the Abruzzi might now, it seems to us, drown at Turin the cries of anguish of which so much was said a little while ago. " But the last complaint made against us by M. de Cavour is that which appears to me the strangest of all. If, to make use of the very words of M. de Cavour, the position established by the treaty of Zurich between the Emperor's Government and that of King Victor Emmanuel is now sensibly modified, and that the position is abnormal, difficult, and dangerous, whose is the fault ? If King Victor Emmanuel signed the preliminaries of Villafranca, and if, even before there-was time for these pre liminaries to be converted into a treaty of defini tive peace, the acts of Piedmont were in formal contradiction with the stipulations he had bound himself to respect—if, lastly, in consequence of those acts, more than one article of the Treaty of Zurich accepted by Piedmont has remained a dead letter, on whom should fall the responsibility oZ the consequences ? If it be wrong in the eyes of M. de Cavour to have for oneself recognised rights—incontestable rights ; if it be wrong to have consequently given proofs of modera tion, and of a sincere love of peace, by confining oneself to reservations and protests against most flagrant violations of right, then, indeed, we must admit that we have been guilty of wrongs from ' which we cannot discharge ourselves. It would take too long to examine here in detail all the acts of Piedmont, and to set her sins side by side of those attributed to us. I shall content myself, therefore, with adding that we can fearlessly appeal to every impartial judgment, and boldly ask whe thert it be the acts of Austria that have, since the peace of Zurich, stained Italy . with blood and con.. t i Such,usl y menacedmonsieu the Monsieur le Comte, tran q tranquillity of Europe. reflections have thought it my duty to communicate to you. 1 beg you to be good enough to make use of them to Lord John Russell when you have occasion to con fer with him on the affairs of Italy. " Receive, &c., " COUNT DE RECHBERG." LITERATURE. BULWER'S LIBRARY EDITION. The last two volumes added to this noble edition have placed in the hands of the subscribers "The Last of the Barons"—a gorgeous national historical romance, which, it will be remembered, was de signed by the author at the period of its original publication, that is to say, at the dawn of 1843 (eighteen long years ago !) to be the last of Sir Edward's prose works of imagination. In the Romancist's " Dedicatory Epistle," prefixed to the narrative, an epistle addressed by him to some friend and critic whose name has never yet been revealed, the writer, dating his remarks, " London, January, 1843," alludes indirectly to " this fiction" as—quoth he--" probably the last with which I shall trespass upon the public !" 1-levir very little did Sir Bulwer Lytton, while penning those words, foresee at that moment, how very little, indeed, did he foresee, of his literary future —be who was destined then, by means of three of his finest poems, and of five of his noblest prose fictions to crown his literary reputation. For has he not within the interval which has since then elapsed, produced his three happiest efforts as a Poet ?—the brilliant satire of The New Timon —the ambitious epic, in twelve books, of King Arthur—the luminous and eloquent celebration of our great parliamentary orators grouped together in that national Walhalla of St. Stephen's. Again, as a Novelist —is it extravagant to assert that within the same lapse of time, within that same interval of time flitting by since " The Last of the Barons" originally made its appearance, Sir Edward Lytton has given to the world about the noblest prose products of his creative imagi nation ? It will hardly be pronounced an exag geration to assert as much as that, when it is re membered that four years after he supposed he had for ever laid aside his pen as a Novelist, be produced (1847) his wierd romance of Lueretia That in the year following (1848) he published what we have before now designated his prose epic of _Harold, the last of the Saxon Kings And that he has subsequently given to the public his three great Caxton's Novels, ori ginally published in a serial form in the pages of Blackwood's _Magazine. Remembering all which the readers of Bulwer Lytton will ever turn back not with diminished, but rather with increased in terest, to a reperusal of those pictured pages which were intended, at the time they were penned, to be at once Bulwer's "Last of the Barons" and the last Qf his Roulancep, evi l ev e eh a 1 3 € ch a till G D a t 3j NE In Ro An Re Pa