The Sun. — London, England, 1861-04-01 00:00:00

2TEATRE-itOYAL, HAYMARKET. Leaser, litr. J. t. guakstonr. - _ TEEIS EVENING, the performances will commenee with A DUKE IN DIFFICULTIES. Mrs. Stirling, Miss F. *Haydon, Mrs. Wilkins, Miss Fanny Stirling, Mr. Buckstone, Mr. Compton, Mr. Howe, &Q. After which, will be revived, with entirely new scenery and effects, and all the original music by the late Sir Henry Bishop, the melodrama of THE MILLER AND HIS MEN. Commence at 7.! THEATRE - ROYAL LYCEUM. Sole Lessee and Directress, Madame CELESTE. Two New Dramas.—Reappearance of Mr. John Drew, and First appearanie - of Miss Matilda Heron. THIS EVENING (Easter Monday,) the Entletta of TH E TWO GREGORIES. Alter which, a new original comic drama, written by Saml. Lover,.Esq., entitled MAC CARTHY MORE ' • or, Possession iYinv Points of the Law. Joh n D rew , J . Johnston, Forrester, Rouse, Medlin ; Misses Rawlings, Hudspeth, &c. To conclude with a new drama, NEW YEAR'S EVE ; or, The Belle of the Season. Messrs. H. Neville, Villiers, Jas. Johnstone, J. Rouse ; Mrs. Winstanley, Miss Matilda Heron, "1189 Willard, &c. 00YAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.— ) to Lassee and Manager. Mr. A. Harris. THIS EVENING, THRICE MARRIED. Messrs. Shore, Meadows, Garden, and Miss C. Leclercq. Followed by HAMLET. Hamlet, Mr. Fechter. Sup ported by Messrs. Ryder, Hermann Vezln, Graham, Shore, Meadows, &c. ; Misses Heath, R. Leclercq, and Elsworthy. NEW THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI.- .1.1 Sole Proprietor and Manazer, Mr. B. Webster. Ore.s.t Attraction for the Easter Roliclays.—First appearance 0.41 s season of Mr. B. Webster and Miss .Julia Daly. THIS EVENING, a new drama (Ist time) MAGLIORE, PRESTIIMITAIOR. Messrs.. B ebster, J. L. Toole, D. Fisher, &C.: Miss K. Kelly, MISR H W . SIMMS, &C. After which, OUR FEMALE AMERICAN COUSIN. Miss Jana Daly. D oo rs open at half past 6—Commence at 7. CANTERBURY -HALL CONCERTS!! Westminster-road. proprtetor........C. Morton. A Grand Selection from Verdi's new Opera, IL CORSARO, grids opera has never been produced in this or any other country, except at these Concerts), having met with that de 'tided success which charactise; the most popular works of this ether with a Selection from LA FIGLIA DEL REGGI ENTO, by Donizetti, Principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Madame Maria, Miss 'Tyrrell, Mr. H. Herbert, Signor Tivoli, H. Drummond, and C. W. Bernard. Direetor, Mr. F. Jonghmans. The Comic Department 'comprises Messrs. E. Marshall, A. B. Hollingsworth, J. Blanchard, F. Bell, W. H. Welland, and the Brothers Conrad. _ _ John Martin's Three celebrated Pictures will remain on view a short time longer in the Fine Arts Gallery of the Establishment. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. 'TRU DAL—Morning, sh. 54m.—Afternoon, 6h. 16m. TO-MORROW. -Morning, 6h. 44m.—Afternoon, 7h. 10m. THE WEATHER.-Strx 077162, MARCH 31, 1861. THEEMOOTED., IN THE SHADE. 51—highest since noon yesterday. 40—lowest this morning and during the night. 40—this day at noon. BAnomETER-29.66. WIND -.- South - Westerly--light; with rain in the morning ; fine at noon. Arna 1 THERMOIKETER, IN THE SHADE. 53—highest since noon yesterday. 35—lowest this morning and during the night. 46—this day at noon. BARomxTER-29.76. WiND—Easterly—light and variable ; with light, but continuous, rain. A bad Easter Monday for the Volun teers--Wimbledon to wit, and Brighton to boot. • • 7 " i' I • .01l ~'~~i THE SUN. LONDON, MONDAY, APRIL 1, 1861. The R,lvenue Returns now published are unhap pily in a very great measure what we have so long been expecting and dreading. Not that we have been prophets of disaster. Simply, we repeat— these earliest results of Mr. GLADSTONE'S enormous experiments of last year turn out to be in a very great measure precisely what we have been dread ing and expecting. None would have avowed more gladly than we should have done, supposing the " Tables" to have been turned—not one would have acknowledged more gladly or more eagerly than we should have done the erroneous nature of our anticipations. The single regret we have at this moment arises exclusively out of the unaffected pang with which we recognise the complete justifications of those unwelcome and un willing expectations of ours as to the not simply probable, or problematic, but as we conceived last year, and as this year the event has actually proved the certain and inevitable conse quences of Mr. GLADSTONE'S daring exploits, or rather, as we have said, and as they were literally, experiments as a Financier. Without further generalisations of regret, however, in the way of preliminary comment upon these in many parts really afflicting returns, let us turn to a more careful and analytical examination of the tables themselves—these tables for the past year, and especially for the past quarter— examining them Under the microscopic lens of the wonderful little official " MEMORANDUM" by which they are accompanied. This most unusual, if not absolutely un exampled " MEMORANDUM"--a memorandum sent forth from the Treasury together with the Revenue returns themselves—tells the tale of the year and of the quarter pretty plainly by the mere fact of its most unlooked for apparition. The returns when looked into, as usual, do certainly appear to require something quite out of the common in the way of explanation. And here—in this Memorandum Extraordinary—is precisely this something quite out of the common in the way of explana tion. The memorandum coming to us from the Treasury, not marked down " Private and Confidential," we presume at once, with out affecting any great exercise of sagacity or accumen, cannot be intended to convey to us any very recondite or esoteric information, any facts or figures confided to us sub rosa, for after use according to our own discretion. Nevertheless, if not whispering information to us sub rosa, the memorandum we are here referring to ismanifestly designed to impart a sort of agreeable couleur de rose effect to those otherwise lugubrious facts and figures jotted down in the Revenue Returns both for the year and for the quarter—facts and figures that when they are viewed in their natural grim ness [not looking at them through this couleur de rose memorandum] certainly do lour upon us only too plainly and legibly in the doleful black-on white. As usual, there are three abstracts in these re turns from the Treasury. There is 1., the abstract of the gross produce of the revenue of the United Kingdom in the four quarters of 1860-1861 as com- pared with the corresponding quarters of 1859. 1860, supplementing this abstract upon those con trasting quarters—by a comparison of the totals upon each of those financial twelvemonths. There is 11., the abstract defining the increase and the de crease within the quarter and within the year e nding March 31, 1861, as compared with the cor. r es Ponding periods of the preceding year, i e., of the P rec eding financial twelvemonth. Finally, there the abstract explanatory of the nature and amouut of the Revenue and other receipts of this last qukirter, ending yesterday, showing also the application of this same revenue and the charge of the Conso.lidated Fund for the said quarter; not forgetting either in regard to that charge duly returned n terns. of surplus or deficiency. Glancing down th e second division of the Re venue Tablet ;--the abst ract especially referred to curious Mem orandum accompanying by the very' the returns,- —we note in the fi rs t place a fallin g off in the rei ven ue for the year ending yesterday of a sum nc f ar short of a rou n d million! ter ending yesterday Hive Upon the crlar decrease, ho wev i r, formidable is a f ar mo re =lll a net decrease upon thes s e last three months of con siderably more than a round million and a half sterling ! During the financial year terminating on the 31st of March, 1860, the gross produce was £71,089,669. During the twelvemonth which came to a close only yesterday the year's produce has been less than that by £805,995, having realized exactly £70,283,674. Within the last quarter just expired the net de crease is set down in division 11. of the Revenue Tables at no less than £1,683,821. It is in regard to this alarming diminution that the Treasury (in point of fact, Mr. GLADSTONE), catching us by the button-hole, reasons with us deprecatingly, through the medium of the agreeable little gossip compacted into the little fly-leaf Memorandum already par ticularised, And no wonder the Chancellor of the Exchequer is' solicitous at once to have "his say," thus anticipatively and in a condensed form before the exposition (in the goodly shape of the Budget) of his Financial Statement—no wonder, we say, he wants at once to whisper a word or two into our ear 133 way of preliminary. For look, first of all, at the subjoined table of returns for the Quarter end ing yesterday— Increase. Decrease. £ £ Customs Excise Stamps 63,154 Taxes Property Tax — 1,978,000 Post Office — 20,000 Crown Lands Miscellaneous — 390,357 Totals A table showing, as we have remarked, a net decrease of £1,683,821 ! And having marvelled awhile over that disclosure, take the next companion eclairissement, namely, that conveyed to the judg ment of poor wondering Farmer BULL through the medium of this pleasant little epitome of the increase and decrease upon the year ending yester day Increase. Decrease. £ £ Customs Excise — 926,000 Stamps 304,814 Taxes Property Tax Post Office 90,000 Crown Lands 6,089 Miscellaneous — 348,483 Totals .. 1,728,613 2,534,608 Shewing a net decrease upon the year as already notified of £805,995. It is upon these two tabu lated portions of the Revenue returns for the last financial quarter, and for the last financial twelve. month, that Mr. GLADSTONE has a word or two to insinuate (betweea this and his Budget) in the shape of this Memorandum. Turning back to the Tables already excerpted, it will be seen that the two most formidable items of decrease fall in the last year under the head of Customs, and in the last quarter under the head of Property -tax. The latter decrease, the decrease within the last quarter under the head of the Property and Income-tax, amounting to £1,973,000 in point of fact, but twenty-seven thousand pounds less than two millions sterling! Two mil lions decrease under the head of one source of revenue within a single quarter !! The first men tioned of these two most conspicuous diminutions in the revenue being the decrease upon the year under the head of Customs, a decrease upon the year to the tune of £1,155,125. Besides which it may have been remarked in regard to the diminution of the revenue in the. year that there is another item of all but " one million " (£926,000) under the head of Excise, a decrease within the year under the Land and Assessed Taxes of £105,000, and a further decrease within the year cf £348,483 under the head of Miscellaneous. Summed np with the dread ful diminution just mentioned of nearly £2,000,009 within the quarter under the head of Income Tax—there is a decrease in the Post-office returns of £20,000, and a further decrease of £390,357 under the head of Miscellaneous. Now the Memorandum, while it steaks of the Post office falling off within the quarter as simple, in one word " accidental"—and while it refers to the variation (shewn by the tables) in regard to the Crown Lands as unimportant—and while it alludes to the diminution within the quarter under the head of Land and Assessed Taxes, as showing, after all, but " a very small variation"—Mr. GLAD STONE'S curious little volunteered Memorandum fairly lets the cat out of the bag, in its opening paragraphs in reference to the real cause of the falling off within the year of nearly one million in the Excise revenue and of over one million in the Customs revenue. Direct ing our attention first of all to the rose colour we are expected to look . through while examining these returns, the memorandum reminds us that " the Customs revenue shows a net increase, on the quarter, of £273,000 arising on corn, spirits, wine, and penny duties (£400,000), lessened by a falling off of £127,000 on tobacco, tea, and other articles." Adding, however, " on the year, the Customs loss, as compared with the actual receipt of the preceding year, has been £1,155,000. This loss has arisen upon the numerous articles a f fected by the repeal or reduction of duties." Precisely. And now for the Excise returns, as commented upon by the Treasury Memorandum. Again, the rose colour foremost. " There is an in crease," says the Memorandum, "on the quarter of £366,000, caused by the accelerated payment of the malt duty (L 350,000) lessened by a diminished receipt of £200,000 upon spirits, large quanti ties of which were removed from bond in corresponding quarter of last year, in an. ticipation of an inreased duty.) The Memo- randum then observing sententiously, " The receipt upon the year has decreased £926,000, This decrease has arisen upon malt and spirits. The bad quality of the barley last year has caused the redue- tion on malt. The reduction on spirits, has arisen partly partly from the causes which have affected the revenue for the quarter, and partly from diminished eonsumption ; the diminution of the stock of duty paid spirits in the hands of dealers has also tempo rarily affected the Excise receipts of the year." The interference of Mr. GLAD3TONE with the Excise, in fact, has led to the chief part of this falling off in the year's revenue under that head as avowedly, as glaringly, as undeniably as the Customs' falling off is attribut- able to his sweeping repeals and reductions o: duties (without any compensative, quid pro quo), for thegratifieation of our amiable neighbour of La Gloire, of Cherbourg, of 600,000 men notoriety, that magnanimous imperial neighbour of ours, for whose n estimable alliance we are paying annually the chief part of those £30,000,000 sterling required for the maintenance and improvement of our war depart- merits. As to the incidental decrease of very nearly £2,000,000 within the last quarter under the head of the:lncome-tax, the Memorandum acknowledges, as it certainly could not shrink from acknowledging, that the " decrease of £1,978,000 on the quarter is owing to the collection of an additional 4d. in the £1 in the corresponding pager of last year." Just so. It is a way Mr. GLADSTONE has with him— an eccentric little way of forestalling the future—and then, when the future he has bun looking forward to has become in course of time the past, he has to deal with, these charming little self-made difficulties. Out of them we heartily wish him. But while in regard to the chief part of those difficulties he has only himself, he can have only himself, to rely upon —N I e can ' not but think that Mr, COBDEN ought for once to THE SUN, LONDON, - - MONDAY EVENING, APRIL I, MI. And then mere knowledge is worth something. We all like to know the facts revealed to us by a census, especially in comparison with those fur nished by each that has preceded it ; a piece of pleasant information to talk over by our fire sides and at the tea table. Even our cooks and nurse maids would not be quite uninterested in being told how many of their professions minister to the daily comfort of the older and younger branches of the family ; and the numbers and proportions of each trade and profession are, except to the very dullest, an agreeable piece of knowledge to each individual belonging to them. Indeed, not only our own occupations, but many of those of others, down to the humblest artizan, will be of much interest to all of us. The cost of our knowledge will, it is true, figure as a very noticeable item in the national expenditure, but the fraction of a penny it costs per head is what all of us would very willingly pay. We are reminded that the census tables will be a kind of great national directory ; that they will indicate to us how different branches of business are increasing or diminishing ; that we shall know the number of our fighting men, which with our intelligence and wealth determine our position among the great Powers of Europe ; that we shall find its advantage in our sanitary studies and legis lation, and in investigating the statistics of crime In short, knowledge is not only pleasure, but power; nor can we tell while we arc laboriously col lecting facts which seem dull and dry in their first cumulation, how soon some master mind may arise who shall seize the principle or principles latent in them, develope them with a clearness which leaves dispute out of the question, and thus origi nate new laws for the general guidance, which shall become as much the foundation of national legislation as have the principles first broadly developed in this country by ADAM SMITH. Some may think that no such field is now left open for future explorers. So it would have been said before the time of the Scotch philosopher. The commercial men and legislators of those times laughed, at first, at the idea of being instructed by a Scotch philosopher. Aud our successors may well find that some mighty power of intellect may yet irradiate by his genius the vast mass of facts we are now collecting, and shew their value in teach ing yet unthought of principles and rules in social science. One thing cannot be doubted, that it is the duty of every householder to contribute his individual quota towards doing the great work correctly and well. The nation has agreed it should be done ; and a perfect census will cost no more than an im perfect one, while it is attainable only by each entering the names of those who slept in his house on the night of the ith of April correctly. The error we make, if we make any, should be on. the side of precision. If we are too particular the Registrar General can generalise our return, but he cannot proceed vice versa. There is no reason why we should not do this. No real secrets are required of us. Such information as we do give is to be treated as confidential. No tax or charge is involved; we are only asked to contribute our share towards answering the question, " What is this our England in the year of our LORD eighteen hundred and sixty-one ?" While Lord PALMERSTON is engaged in sparring with Mr. ROWCLIFFE—a Premier against a butcher —at Tiverton, while he is praising the working of the Corn-laws Repeal, and the wisdom of Parlia ment in repealing them, after he and the Whigs had fought for them to the last, and even expired with " the ruling passion strong in death," shouting for an Bs. duty—and while he was praising the people that they worked so hard and paid high prices for food, so patiently—the people in many places were not speaking quite so loudly in his praise. Manchester was holding a large meeting, in which Mr. ROWCLIFFE'S views were far more popular than the Premier's. Reform of of the Representation according to the Row- CLIFFS model being the main object of the meeting and the subject of the speeches ; and there were men of mark present too, the great manufacturing member for tho city being at their head. the House of Commons was rather mercilessly analysed, and shewn to be so connected either with the Lords or " the Services," that the wonder was not that they spent money, but that they did not spend even more. One speaker, amid great cheering and applause, "hit" as hard as the redoubtable butcher of Tiverton himself, only Lord PALMERSTON was not present to complete the fun. He re marked " that it was idle to intimidate the Reform party by saying that if Lord PALMERSTON went out the Tory party would come in, for people wanted to know the difference between Lord PALMERSTON and a Tory, and were beginning to ask, Is he not a Tory already ?' Was it not, therefore, the duty of the Liberal party to turn out that Tory, let the consequences be what they might ? The cry that the working classes did not want reform was a gratuitous calumny. Because the people had relied upon the solemn pledges of the Govern ment, and were disposed to be quiet and expectant, that confidence had been misconstrued into indifference. The improvement of the work ing classes since 1848, their forbearance; good order, and their disposition to co-operate with those who did not go so far as themselves in poli tical innovation, and their confidence in the pledges of the higher classes, were now thrust in their teeth as the very reason why they were unworthy of political power. He knew nothing so infamous.as this in the whole history of political intrigue and political apostacy." On the composition of the house it was remarked strain a point by getting home as fast as he pos sibly can, as to be at last in his place enee more by the 15th instant, to do a little more of his " yeoman's service," to do a little more perhaps than yeoman's service, for that French Treaty of his which he is so proud of. That French treaty which will no doubt work admirably remote in the hereafter, but which certainly is working wretchedly just to begin with. By this day week we are all to be numbered. Our most gracious authorities condescend now a days to enter into familiar explanations with her MAJESTY'S most loyal subjects ; even Mr. GLAD STONE no longer presents to us the figures of ! the Revenue Returns without note or comment. The powers who manage the census, having to depend for the value of the results of their labour on the co-operation, with good will, of the people, are even hortatory and almost oratorical in their preliminary discourse. They quote the . celebrated Delphic motto, and reminds us that " Know thyself," is a precept as applicable nationally as it is individually. And:beyond question many nations, had they known themselves better, would not have undertaken the wars which have brought upon them, even if victors, loss and distress, which has been but ill repaid by the empty honour of military glory ; while at home many an Act of Legislation might have been modified, or not even proposed, had the population, the health, and the various statistical changes of trade and industry been understood. they will, it is made an excuse for keeping them out of the franchise. " Excuses for the wrong in flicted upon us," they say, " are ever ready. If we have felt sufficiently annoyed at that wrong to ex press our indignation, it has been urged that at such a time our enfranchisement would be dangerous to the state ; whilst, on the other hand, if we have waited with comparative quietness the result of a measure for our partial enfranchisement, then our very absence from commotion has been cited against us. Can it be wondered that treatment like this has led to distrust and apathy ?" They tell their fellow-operatives to rely hence forth on themselves only. "Why," they ask, "is a question which has made and unmade Govern. ments, which has been the rallying cry at the hus tings and the testing point at the poll-booth, still only a question, and not an accomplished fact One reason is obvious—we have left too much to others the work we should have done ourselves." If Lord PALMERSTON tells Mr. ROWCLIFFE that the people have been apathetic in support of the bills which his colleague introduced, the Norwich Political Union can tell him why they were apathetic. " We contend, moreover," they say, " that no mea sure of Parliamentary Reform has been introduced sufficiently comprehensive to enlist the real earnest ness of the working classes. Spite of their acknow ledged progress, their admitted loyalty, their patience under privation, and their inherent love of fatherland, it is still believed that, as a class, they cannot be trusted !" They call on each other to repudiate this calumny, and point to wsity as the means of success. If they resolve unitedly to be free, those who now trifle with their liberties will quickly find it convenient to grant them. Their brief programme is the same as that of all the meetings which are now being held everywhere. Beginning with the suffrage, they add—" But we hold that, whilst every man has a right to vote, he has an equal right to pro tection in its exercise; on this ground we ask for the Ballot. We contend, however, that without a fair distribution of electoral power, even manhood suffrage and secret voting are insufficient to secure impartial legislation. Whilst some members of the House of Commons represent 300 each (as Thet ford), others 5,000 (as Norwich), and others 27,000 (as the West Riding of Yorkshire), the widest suffrage would be a farce. Nor till a national pro vision has been made to defray the necessary ex penses of electoral contests, so that not the wealthy alone can present themselves to constituencies, will the political rights of the people be conceded." We advise Lord PALMERSTON to look about him. The breeze desired by Lord JOHN RUSSELL seems really to be arising; if he could silence the Tiverton butcher on the Tiverton hustings, he can not, it seems, silence the honest man's opinions ; for large meetings are everywhere telling the Government that the working men mean to demand the reforms which will give them honest represen tation. THE VOCAL ASSOCIATION.—This excellent society will give their second subscription concert at St. James's Hall on Wednesday evening next, when Mendelsshon's psalm " Hear my prayer" will be performed, with Madame Lemrnens-Sherrington as principal soprano, and M. Lem mens the eminent organist, will accompany the psalm throughout, and also perform a fugue in C minor. M. Sainton, the unrivalled violinist, will perform with M. Benedict Beethoven's romance in F for violin and piano forte, also a Scotch fantasia for the first time. The choir of 200 voices will sing the choruses in Mendelsshon's psalm and several madrigals and part-songs, the compositions of some of our most eminent musicians. Altogether the con cert will be a great musical treat. Bulwer Lytton's " My Novel" is translated into French, by H. de l'Espine. " Der Freischutz" is to be brought out shortly at the Grand Opera, Paris. The Emperor Napoleon has conferred a pension of 5,000 francs (.. - C200) on %I. Mery, who is suffering from consumption and opthalmia. The Oriental Budget states that Mr. Thacke ray contemplates taking up the story of England's history at the point where Macaulay left it. Her Majesty has appointed Mr. Smirke, architect, to be the treasurer of the Royal Academy, in the room of Mr. Hardwick, who has retired from that post. THE FRENCH NavY.--The following paragraph on the French navy appears in'Bullier's lithographic sheets: " I have already directed your attention to the extraordindry activity which prevails at the Ministry of Marine. lam informed that an office exists at that Ministry of which the chief is charged with acquiring all the information possible with respect to the supplies it may be necessary to demand of mercantile houses. It is further added that M. Chasse loup Laubat, the Minister of Marine, has sent for the heads of houses engaged in the copper trade, and likewise for the representatives of some English houses who have smelting furnaces in Wales. He eatered into the most minute details with them as to the quality of the mineral and the man ner of reducing it to copper. A new contract for the sup plying the Marine Department with 500,000 kilogrammes of copper is spoken of, If we add to that 300,000 kilo grammes which have been lately delivered, it may be pre sumed that there are a great many new ships of war to be coppered. The last copper was supplied at if 30c. in ingots which was formerly worth If. 65c., and at If. 45c. for (topper in sheets whieh was formerly worth If. 80e. The Minister expects to obtain copper of the same quality at if 25c. in ingots and at If. 40c. in sheets." At Madrid, Lisbon, and other towns in Spain, Verdi's opera "11l Ballo in Maschera," which is announced for performance at Covent Garden during the forthcoming season, has been received with the utmost applause ; it was less successful when brought out at Paris than else where. Another steel-plated frigate, to be called the Invincible, is to be launched at Toulon on the 4th of next month. The Russian frigate Oleg has been taken into dock at Toulon, in consequence of injuries she received during the late gales, while anchored in the Fort of Villafranca. SEDUCTION AND INFANTICIDE.—A Lisbon journal states that the parish priest of a place called Lavre is arrested on a charge of infanticide. Having seduced a girl, who became while living with him the mother of a boy, he baptised the child as soon as it was born, and immediately afterwards strangled it—thus affording an extraordinary instance of the compatibility of sincere religious belief with the settled determination to commit the most ferocious crimes. It is well known that in the Roman States there used to be professional assassins who would kill a man for 10 scudi, provided they were permit•ed to give him time to say a prayer ; but if required expressly to kill him without a moment's notice, the strain upon their conscience was much that they required double the money, " that a large proportion of it could not, in the course of human nature, have any sympathy with the wants and wishes of the people. How was that house constituted ? There were seventeen members who were Ministers and Lords of the Treasury and Admiralty ; twelve who were vies, presidents, com missioners, under secretaries, and the like; and there were five law officers. Turning to the services which some people took great glory in, he found that there were ninety-two officers of the army in the house—(shame !)—nine naval officers, nine laid.% officers, forty-two officers of the yeomanry cavalry, and eighteen volunteer officers." And in regard to the national expenditure in this year of lessened trade, of high rate of discount, of large importation of food, of high prices for all articles of haman food, we were reminded that Mr. GLADSTONE had said, with reference to taxa tion, that our expenses not merely increased abso lutely, but they increased relatively to our means at a prodigious rate. Between 1842 and 1853 the increase in the wealth of this country was at the rate of 12 per cent., and the increase in the expenditure was at the rate of 81 per cent. ; between 1853 and 1859 the increase in the national wealth was 161 per cent. but the increase in the national expenditure was at the rate of 58 per cent. Could they go on at that game of "beggar my neighbour ?" From many other places we have accounts of hearty meetings for Representative Reform. At Norwich a political union has just been formed, which has published an excellent address "to their unenfranchised brethren." Like their Man chester " brethren," they assert that, behave how LAri E 6 -(P NE IN OA. TELEGRAPHIC INT7ELLIGENCE. WARSAW, MARCH 3 Count Zamoyski, on the , occasion of his being received in audience by Pri nee Gortschakoff, ad dressed him in a speech, of' which the following , is a summary : TURIN, MARCH 3 CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS. SOUTHAMPTON, APRIL The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company's steamer Valetta left Malta for Alexan dria on the 22d of March. On the 19th ult. the Ceylon observed the Penin sular and Oriental Company's steamer Euline, steering for Alexandria, and on the 30th ult. the Tagus, steering S.W. At Gibraltar were HMS. Ariadne, Immortality, and Argus. The Massilia reached Gibraltar on the 25th and sailed for the east on the 26th ult. The schooner Excel, 26 days from Liverpool, had arrived at Gibraltar. On the 26th ult. Gibraltar exchange on London, 90 days, was quoted 501; on Paris sf. 30c. ; Mar seilles and Genoa, sf. 31c.; on Madrid, eight days' sight, par ; Cadiz, par to 1 dis. ; Malaga, Seville, and Valencia, par ; Alicante,* die. ; Barcelona, premium. Freights to London and outports in United Kingdom, 255. to 30s. per steamer, and 10 per cent. ; Brazil and River Plate, 12 dols. per ton, and.lo per cent. ; Gulf of Mexico and Havannah, 12 dols. per ton, and 10 per cent. Spanish pillared dollars Ferdinand, 3 per cen premium ;no demand. Ditto Carolus, 22 per cent.; in demand. AUSTRALIA. PLYMOUTH, MONDAY. The ship Monarch, 1,282 tons register, Captain J. W. Gill, belonging to Mr. Richard Green, of London, was off this port yesterday, 96 days from Melbourne, having sailed therefrom December the 25th, 1860. She has 22,000 ounces of gold, valued at £BO,OOO 20 c,,bin and 86 steerage passengers, and a cargo oi wool, copper ore, and black sand. The Monarch has experienced generally un favourable winds; much ice was met to the west. ward of Cape Horn, which was rounded January 29th. On the 13th of February, in lat. 29:32 S., long. 28.30 W., she spoke Her Majesty's paddlewheel steam sloop Gorgon, 6, Commader Bedford C. T. Pim, with the Swift in company, seven days out from Rio Janeiro, for the Capo of Good Hope. The Monarch crossed the line on the-2d of March. FRAUDS ON 7BE COMMERCIAL BANK. The further examination of the prisoners, John Burden and James Holcroft, took place at the Bow street police -court on Saturday afternoon, and occu pied the court till the hour of closing ; Mr. Met calfe attending for burden, and Mr. Sleigh for Holcroft, as on the previous occasions. The prisoner Burden appeared much better in health, but manifested no great interest in the pro ceedings. Holcroft, however, appeared anxious and careworn, and had evidently suffered much from his incarceration. Mr. Humphreys stated that the accumulation of important evidence rendered it impossible to close the examination to-day, but he should be able to trace another of the notes which had been' taken from the bank, through the testimony of a M.-. Millard, with whom the prisoner Holcroft had had very extensive business and money trans actions. It had been discovered, also, that the account of Mr. Joel, a customer of the bank, had been tampered with, but Mr. Joel being a gentle man of the Hebrew persuasion, was prevented by the Holy Passover from being in attendance that day. There would be no difficulty in having him at the next examination, and his clerk was then present. - The Clerk--.I have Mr. Joel's pass-books with me. Mr. Humphreys said they would not be evidence, and the attendance of Mr. Joel was quite indispen sable. He, believed that the depositions of to-day would go m a t er i a ll y to strengthen the charge of complicity against the prisoners at the bar. Evidence was then taken, at the conclusion of which the prisoners were further remanded for a fortnight. "Le Pied de Mouton," already performed two hundred and one times at the Porte st. Martin, Paris, is said to have brought £40,000 (profit ?) to the exchequer. " The country," said Zan - loyski, " will accept the reforms with gratitude, bu t at the present moment these are but nominal. rlishe country now depends upon the same being carried into execution.'' Prince Gortechakoff re - plied " It was not incumbent upon the Emperor to have conceded anything, but in granting reforms his Majesty does so freely and loyally." M. Wielopelski, in a upeech delivered by him at the Medical Academy, said that the academy might consider itself as one of the faculties of the future University of Warsaw. An imperial rescri;?t has been published, which explains the nature of the concessions recently granted. Prince Gortscha:koff, the Governor, has been appointed President of the Council of State. A proclamation of the Governor impresses upon the inhabitants the necessity for peace and order. M. Karnicki has arrived here. The Opinione of to-day says:— " It has been notified to the Marquis d'Azeglio, on the part of the Queen of England, that her Majesty would receive him in the quality of Minister of the King of Italy. " The Federal Council has made a similar decla ration to our Minister at Berne." MILAN, MARCH 3L The Perseveranza of to-day says : " The movements of the Austrian army in Istria continue. Urgent orders have been given for the construction of additional works to the fortifications of Pola." VIENNA, MARCH 30. The Military Gazette of to-day says : " The Emperor has ordered that all the soldiers belonging to the effective reserve whose term of service expires at the end of June next may at once go on furlough." BERNE, MARCH 31. The Federal Council has, at the instance of San dinia, appointed federal commissioners for adjust ing the affair of the Ticino Bishopric. The Conferences will be held at Turin. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Ceylon, Captain Evans, has arrived here, with the heavy portion of the Calcutta and China mails. The Ceylon left Alexandria on the 19th, Malta on the 22d, and Gibraltar on the 26th of March. She brings 126 passengers. Her cargo includes 2,000 bales of silk, value £200,000 sterling, jewel lery, to the value of £3O, and 284 packages of sundries. At Alexandria were H.M.S. Terrible and the French transports Eldorado and Mayenne. At Malta were H.M.S. Neptune, Hannibal, Cressy, James Watt, Liffey, Medina, and Fox hound. THE MIGAZ"XES. Blackwood. There is a very entertaining article called " Americanisms? , It brings before us in a striking manner some of the peculiarities that distinguish that race beyond the broad Atlantic which styles itself "the stnartest nation in all creation." Really we can hardly believe at first sight some of the ex traordinary anecdotes here cited, and one has to remember that the authority is reliable before entering fully into the details. The work here noticed is a glossary of words and phrases usually regarded as peculiar to the United States; and in introducing the subject an amusing instance is mentioned of a dull man who had Johnson's Dic tionary lent him by a friend, and he read it through, observing, when he had finished, that the author was a person of great information, but his style was unconnected. In perusing the theme of these words we meet with a great variety of information. The following quotations furnish proofs of the dif ferent plans adopted. by judges according to the different positions in which they are placed. In a case at Baltimore a juror was supposed to be in toxicated The judge, addressing the man alluded to said—' Sir, are you drunk ?" , "The juror, straightening himself up, in a bold half defiant tone, replied, No, sirree bob !' " ' Well,' said the judge, ' I fine you five dollars for. the ree, and 10 for the bob.' "—Baltimore Sun, March, 30, 1857. ' In the other case the counsel for the plaintiff was engaged in an affair more profitable than honourable, and his friend made the following excuse for him : Who's for the plaintiff ?' inquired the judge, im patiently. " ' May it please the court,' said a rising member of the legal fraternity, 'Pilkins is for the plaintiff; but I left him just now in the tavern playing a game at poker. He's got a sucker there, and he's sure to skin him if he only has time. He's got the thing all set to ring a cold deck, in which case he'll deal himself four aces and his opponent four queens ; so that your honour will perceive he must rake the persimmons.' " Dear me said the judge, with a sigh, 'that's too bad I It happens at a very unfortunate time ; I'm very I anxious to get on with these cases.' "A brown study followed, and at length a happy idea struck the judge. ' Bill,' said he, addressing the friend of the absent Pilkins, who had spoken, you understand poker about as well as Pilkins. Suppose you go over and play his hand ?' " Again, can anything be conceived more absurd or exaggerated than the subjoined illustrations of what creates propriety or impropriety in conversa tion : " The euphemistic shifts to which delicacy is compelled to resort in American society are too notorious to require much illustration. All our readers have heard of, and ad mired the scrupulous modesty which speaks of the ' ' of the piano, and even, as we have been assured, insists in some cases upon putting little frilled trousers upon it. Some allowance is to be made, no doubt, for travellers' stories ; but what is to be said of Mr. Bartlett's evidence, given with all the stern impartiality of a philologer ? ' Stockings,' he assures us, are considered unmentionabb in the west ; long socks' being es far as any refined mind can go with safety. The Washington Union—whose subscribers are no doubt very select—dares not for its life advertise such necessary articles as shirts and drawers under any bolder heading than ' gentlemen's belongings.' A bull is called a cow-creature l ' or a gentleman-cow'—which latter is a bull in a double sense, certainly." The most amusing sketch of this strange state of society is here chronicled in the description of a peculiar style of entertainment, which is thus humorously commented on : "But what degree of social perfection may not be expected in a land where such a feast of reason as the following is possible P— " SQUANTUM.—The name of a species of fun known to the Nantucket folks, which is thus described by the New Fork Mirror: A party of ladies and gentlemen go to one of the famous watering-places of resort, where they fish, dig clams, talk, laugh, sing, dance, play, bathe, sail, eat, and have a general ' good time.' The food generally con sists of chowder, baked clams, and fun. No one is ad mitted to the sacred circle who will take offence at a joke, and every one is expected to do his and her part towards creating a general laugh. Any man who speaks of busi ness affairs (except matrimony) is immediately reproved, and on a second offence publicly chastised. Care is thrown to the wind, politics discarded, war ignored, prido hum bled, stations levelled, wealth scorned, virtue exalted, and this is ' ^ quantum."' Noctes cceneerue Deum ! 'lf there be an Elysium on earth.' it lies in Nantucket, which Tom Moore did not know. The lost Atlantis, the fabled Islands of the Blest, the vanished Golden Age, the ' good time coming.' are but shadows of this. To think that the ideal of happiness, which philosophers of all ages have so long vainly sought, should be found at last—and that its name should be Squantum 1" Those who would meet with information, blended with much amusement, cannot do better than per use this paper. Au interesting article is that on " General Patrick Gordon, the Russian Scot." Many may not have heard of this man, but it is well worth while to become acquainted with his fitful career. He carried with him to the far North that energy for which his country has been so dis tinguished, and which has written in imperishable letters the name of her sons on many a splendid page of history, in many a record of wonderful achievements, and on many an heroic scroll. Gene ral Gordon was of signal service to the Czar Peter the Great, and that distinguished man was not un mindful of his services at a period when they could profit him no longer. " Patrick Gordon died on the 29th November, 1699, and we are briefly but effectively told by the editor of the diary that the " Czar, who had visited him five times in his illness, and bad been' twice with him during the night, stood weeping by his bed, as he drew his last breath, and the eyes of him who had left Scot land a poor, unfriended wanderer, were closed by the hand of an emperor." An extract is given in this account which furnishes a very peculiar mode of operations suggested by Gordon to take a be sieged city. His plan was to bury the fortress. This original idea proved successful, and the mag i nitude of the attempt may be imagined from the fact that twelve thousand men were constantly working night and day to raise a eircumvallation of earth. This attempt was successful, and safe, it is stated, as not more than three hundred men were lost during the siege. " Italy ;by Marc Nlonnier," refers to a work recently published by a French gentleman on the important and suggestive subject of the state of Italy. An analysis is entered upon concerning the principal topics mentioned in the book, and it attracts attention alike from the characters brought before us, and the interesting nature of the theme itself. Mr. Monnier mentions some of those whom he considers to have produced a great effect on the feelings of society, and it is said " his thesis was the life of Italy, as proved by the intellect of its educated class, not by the e:airage of its soldiers, or the assistance of its powerful allies." It is stated further on, very truly, that too much importance is attached to this by the French author, and that "the whole influence is attributed to dramas of the loftiest order, and disquisitions on government composed in philosophic language. Smith's Wealth of Nations' never could overthrow a dvnasty, nor Cato, in five acts, make us long for a republic. Ihe literature with which we are made acquainted by our author is too high for the success he atiributes to it." " Norman Sinclair," in this instalment, presents the reader with the most exciting chapters that have yet appeared in thi s story. A lucky chance reveals the object of the search that had been so vigorously undertaken, and Speedwell is caught in the act of administering poison to his unhappy dupe, Littlewoo. The various events are narrated in a very exciting style, and this portion of the tale is quite dramatic in its strange and startling incidents. "Th e World of Weimar," in the form of a letter, relates some of the wonders of that place. It is instruc tive in its way, and may tempt some to exchange a busy life here for a quiet existence there, in the capital of Central Germany, which is described as " on the skirts of the mountain district called the Thuringian Wood, on the banks of the classic Ilm, haunted by the shades, or at least by the associa tions, of the Dioscuri of German literature, Schiller and Goethe." There are two articles on new works of interest and importance, : called " Life in Central Africa," and " The ,Punjaub in 1857." There are outlines sketched of these volumes which serve to exemplify their plan and purpose, and may probably induce some to peruse them in their entizety. The book on India is of especial importance, as it is " a narrative of the measures by which the Punjaub was saved, and Delhi recovered during the Indian Mutiny." Dublin University Magazine. The first article is entitled " Remorseless Criti cism," and refers to the "Essays and Reviews' which have so recently occupied so large a share of public attention. The present paper specially con siders the contribution of Dr. -Williams to that volume. The writer of this article has executed his difficult task with considerable success, and de monstrated forcibly, in many instances, the falsity of the arguments that are so speciously employed, and made manifest the danger of the doctrines in culcated in the brilliant essay alluded to. Nothing is more calculated to lead the mind astray than to peruse a work in which some truth is mingled with much error, and where, with an apparently frank and fearless display of knowledge, the vital truths of religion are one by one gradually denied, and the very foundations of the faith of Christianity are sapped and undermined. In no instance does the writer express himself more forcibly than where he alludes to Dr. Williams's definition of the Scripture ,‘ The Bible is, before all things, the written voice of the congregation." It is most truly stated here that "the notion is one absolutely destructive of all fixed objective faith." It would be suppc-sed by many that such an expression of opinion of itt.er would he sufficient to evidence the nature of the new doctrines, but there are some wh o are n ot lik e l y to find out at once the full meaning of the ideas that are thus presented to them. It is said here, " They've nothing in the world to do But as it's just th e i r na t ure to." , " Oh, shade of Dr. Watts, what sagest thou to so daring a plagiarism from thine immortal hymns!' All will approve of the paper Captain Boyd, a Hero's Obsequies." The fate of this brave man excited the greatest sympathy in all ranks, and the throngs who crowded round to pay a last tribute to his memory, only echoed the sentiments of those who far away bore testi mony to his worth and valeur. His friends might console themselves for his premature loss by the recollection of his brave spirit exemplifying its prowess in the hour ol danger, and truly might they exclaim— • " Who would not envy such as him to live; And died he not as heroes wish to die ?" There is a short paper on " Income-tax Grievai l ee s t , which words are synonymous in the opinion of many. It is thus remarked " The man who stood foremost among those who pressed for its early removal, has but lately done his w ors t to annihilate the hopes o f hi s own fostering. In the very year of our promised freedoin Mr. Gladstone contrived to sink us into a more hopeless slavery than before. It was easy for a statesman so fruitful in sounding fallacies and sudden turns of mind, to simplify . the fiscal p rocess b y k nock i ng off a host of amid - items from the Customs' re tarns ' • but a wide-spr ea d t aste for light French wines has not yet begun to show itself outsidp the airy fabric of Mr. Gladstone's dreams ; the duties he has surrendered are gone for ever, and in a time of outward p eace , t h e country is paying an income tax of tenpence in the pound, which but for a timely rescue o f th e paper duty by the u pper, House might no w h ave mounted up to one shilling. '• Dismal Dobb s " is a most l u di crous s k etc h o f a night in Crow street Th eatre i n a period more dis tinguished for fun an d f ro li c t h an good order and high appreciation of th e d rama. T he visitors to the theatre went to be seen an d h eard rather than to see and hear, Th e " Sil ent Figure " who ac companied the merry party here chronicled had busy part to play on the stage of that night's events, and those who wish for a lively resume of past days will be pleased with its perusal. Among other articles of interest may be mentioned The Wellington Papers," which contain despatches and correspondence. of the late duke, edited by his son. As may be supposed, in the pages of this magazine a natural exultation is expressed at the achieve ments of one of whom his country may well be proud. The last passage alludes to the bright roll of names which appear in these volumes, and which will hereafter appear in the pages of history. gi Note the names which meet the eye as it glances along the correspondence—Combermere, Seaton, Napier, Gough, Hardinge, Raglan, Clyde. The triumphs of fifty years in every part of the globe have been as it were recruited from the ranks of the Penin sula. That land was not only the theatre but the school of greatness. Let Ireland be proud, for she has a right to be proud that she has given to the empire, to fame, to futurity, the hero of modern times—the "vainqueur du vainqueur du monde !" Bentley's Miscellany. t The first book of " The Constable of the Tower," which we have already noticed, is completed in this L number. Some curious information, and some which will rather surprise many, is to be found in Chapter I. of "The Population and Trade of France" (by Frederick Marshall). This chapter relates ex clusively to the population, and the author endea vours with much ability to show that the slow increase of population in France is caused, not by the unwillingness of the French to marry, but to their prudence in refusing to have children. This is certainly something new in nature. " Town and Country," by Monkshood, is a comparison between rural and city life, in which the country, of course, and, as we consider, unjustly, is given all the advan tages. Onida furnishes his quota as usual, but this nio , ith he has changed his tune. For some time back he has made all his stories end happily, but " Trente-et-Un, or the Two Rivals," is tragic, and bears a Moral to all gamblers. The subject is not new, nor is there much.plot in the story, but never theless it is well executed, and is far superior to many of Onida's productions. " The 'Biography of Marshal Niel" does justice to the military and engineering genius of this brave soldier, and, although his biographer does not rank him with Marshal M'Mahon, he gives him full credit for the victory of Solferino, which credit, as first in com mand, of course the modest French Emperor took to himself. " The Life and Letters of Mary Gran ville" (Mrs. Delany) are reviewed at length, and many curious and interesting anecdotes are related. " Crooked Usage, or the Adventures of Lorn Loriot," by Dudley Costello, carries us and poor deluded Lorn deeper into the wiles of the clever swindlers, among whom our hero has fallen. W e look forward with interest to the continuation of his adventures. the A't. James's Magazine. No. I. Saunders and Ot ley. Another new competitor for public favour has entered the ranks of the serials. During the last year or two there have been considerable additions made to the number of existing magazines, and fortunately for the public, although the moderation of their price is remarkable, they are all worthy of encouragement. They will each in their several styles bear rigorous comparison with the lesser members of the old fraternity, and as the demand for good and interesting light literature is continu ally on the increase, we trust they will all find room to flourish and prosper. The St James's Magazine appears under the auspices of Mrs. S. C. Hall, and coming thus accredited, the reader is prepared to find if worth attention. Ire will not be disappointed in this, expectation, for the contents are varied and attrac tive. The editress has gathered a force of efficient allies, for we find the names of Dr. Doran, the author of "John Halifax," Robert Hunt, Robert Bell, Owen Meredith, the author of "Paul Ferrol," J. Ilalliwell, F.R S., and others among the contri butors. The editress herself gives us the opening chapters of an interesting tale, entitled " Can Wrong be Right ?" and also a domestic story " for the young of the household." The fair wearers of fashionable colours may learn from Mr. Hunt's char and concise account of the origin of the new dues how, by the wonderful action of chemical science, the refuse matter of gasworks is trans; rrned into m auve an d ma genta. "St. J ame s,' hick 2ives its title to the magazine, is the s u bject that famous locality from the days when a hosp of Mr. Bell' s p a p er , and he tizees the clan palace. Another discursi ve paper on th e associa. for lepers stood on ithegriound now occupied by the gesitclar in reference to the passage quoted, " We will not believe but what the writer of this sentence would refuse to let it have its ordinary meaning and its own intrinsic force. There is some technical, some controversial, some modified, some secondary mean ing for him in its terms. Oh, let him confirm our word on his behalf, and say so. He 13 a trainer of young men for the Gospel ministry. We will not believe he cries to them, Be instant, bre thren, in season and out of season, preach the Word, it s the congregation's written voice, young bre thren before all thi ngs . Th ey would answer him, To bandy back the congregation's own voice to itself is an unworthy ministry. We will not stoop to bear its ignominious burthen," and his bold spirit, for it is a bold one would approve their answer. Young brethr en y e say we ll . H e i s a parish priest in a green valley, overhung by breezy downs, and we will not believe that when some shepherd who shall not drive his flock up to them again, sends in his closing hours for the pastor who should point him to the unseen fold; no, we will not believe, that by the dying peasant's bed he opens that blessed book and says, " listen thou sheep that goest alone into the valley of the shadow of death, listen, for thou shalt hear the con gregation's voice." For then the sick r oan would make answer from his dying bed, "the bleating of the flock is not the sound I care to hear ; speak me words spoken by the Great Shepherd o the sheep himself." "An only Son" is continued at some length, and the scene of the story chaeges. At first we are told how sad Constance felt at the dismay and suffering that were entailed on the peaceful dwelling of the Locksleys. The scene be tween her and Mrs. Locksley is well described. In a difficult position each maintained her dignity, and at the same time the casualties of love did not destroy friendship, which was a proof of their good principles as well as their good feelings. Further on we see Ned introduced to his new life under not very favourable auspices, for there are some very undesirable acquaintances introduced to his notice. There is an amusing sketch of military life, and the conversation between the stiff and solemn Major and his Irish young friend is most entertaining. The Major was making satirical prophecies regarding the effect the suns of India would have in reducing the proportions of his companion, when the latter exclaimed, t. True for you. Major dear, and L told me friends at parting to take a good look at me, share the better they'd know me now the worse they'd re cognise me when home again. A paper on " Recent Poetry," is worth perusing, and contains some just strictures on the method of criticising poems that prevails nowadays. The books here noticed are " Lucille," which production is spoken of in terms of praise, while many faults are found. Of M. Stigant's " Vision of Barbarossa," also a good opinion is entertained ; but " Faithful for Ever," by Coventry Patmore, is not so favour ably mentioned. The reader who peruses the ex tracts here quoted will not think the conclusion arrived at is harsh or unfair. In one passage a well-known line is quoted as appearing strangely without recognition— xeti Mr. and his Th pan g Char: