The Sun. — London, England, 1831-09-19 00:00:00

sPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. This evening brings the Reform Bill to its third ' and last reading in the House of Commons. A call of the House has been, therefore, decided on, the every man may be at his post, and his name one , more recorded among those gentlemen of England who are eager to emancipate their country, or as of that unhallowed band which seeks to perpetuate be own tyranny, and to rivet the chains by which it ha for a ?es galled us. That the borough faction has lost all hope from any future exertion of toil, or wit-, or fury in the Commons, and now keeps up the figh more in despair or malice than in policy, may be in ferred at once frbm the numerous defeats they have experienced ; and as for the final issue of their ex pectation% from the Peers, be it our part, and that of the people, to determine it. And, first, as to the conduct of the people. We, on this day week, oought it our duty to sound an alarm; we told our caortrymen that the Bill was in danger, toed that the danger arose from a strong conviction among 0 , Peer: that the nation had ceased to feel any interest in the cause of Reform, We knew how unfounded was the supposition ; but we did not presume to put forward our own mere assertion instead of argu reent,—we .called for evidence,—we appealed to the meversal people to come forward and refute till' falsehood. Promptly and energetically have they answered oar appeal. Every hour acquaints us with the summoning or meeting of some important hods fer the purpese of urging that Reform, which all but h o rouelmongers consider as the only chance of na tional salvation. We cannot incorporate in this short article the twentieth part of the appeals for Return pouring in from every quarter; but me west find room for the impressive and powerful ap peal of the bankers and merchants of London, a body slow to be moved, but whose energy and de termination are worthy of the delibetate reason which governs their decision. The House of Lord, will, we trust, -see and understand the import of the following plain and straightforward language:— " We request that your Lordship will summon a meeting of the merchants, bankers, and trailers of di, city of Lonilon. to petition the House of Lords in favoti of the Reform 13;11,—to impress upon their Lordships thi anxious and undiminished solicitude with which the met enntile elates of London have watched the progress of tl•i• "Bill through the Commons—and to declars anew thei , heartfelt conviction that the tranquillity and :happiness of the country in general, and the security of cormnerci,d a , well as of all other property, are deeply and fearfully int, - rested in the speedy passsing of this guest national measure.' Such is the appeal—such the motives of the al.- peal--of the great commercial body, the spring aw l instrument. of England's wealth. Having &r -etuned the facts which should and which must wei e l• with the House of Lords, we will return to the field of argument. Within a week, then, from this day, their Lerrdehips will have received a twofold less;1) fer their guidance : Ist. The decision of a powerful majority iii the representatives of the nation. 2t. A dere sion, which may fairly be termed unanimous. list rite nation itself. Tnat of the Crown has Leer long since before the world. Then let us in one wcr t ask the House of Lords—do they mean to pass fo- Noblemen belonging to the English nation, and for being incorporated with it, or to boll them elves forth to the world as being a distinct and insulated race of men, pretending: to rule King, Commons, and people, on principles and by measures which all three have repudiated as utterly inconsistent with the common welfare of Crown, Parliament, and people ? Ii certain of the Peers are bent upoe carrying on a dogged warfare with the country, tvha ran they gain by it ? We pray them to answer that; Will they increase the popularity or influence of their own order throughout the kingdom ? Quite the reverse: ninety-nine hundredths of the people will begin to look upon the power of the Peet e as a power hostile to the nation, and the Tory Peers may prepare themselves for speedy as well as nun:- , I);feuone demonstrations of the hold which such a.. impression has obtained over 22,000,000 of men. D they hope that any temporary obstruction to the Re• form Bill can eventually frustrate the passing of that measure into a law ? Such a chimera could only proreed from the most lamentable ignorance of ge neral society in this country, where the want of a genuine representation of the people has for years been as much 'a tire-side topic, from the family of the independent gentleman to that of the dept.-i:serer, as love the meees of providing bread for our children. But ere their Lordships no' per ieetly aware, that if they throw out the measure, a prorogation of Paul ameet e ;II follow ; and on the proroga•ion an increase to the Humber of Peers, more than equivalent to tle existing majority against the-Bill ? -Then had they not better reflect in time how far, even on such selfish motives as those which lead the borough-interest to oppose Reform, the Peers would not hettee consult the comparative value of their own lordly titles and dignities, by conceding" to the united voice of Government and . people, and thee removirg all chance of having the peerage depreciated through a wholesale augmenta tion of the .numbers of noblemen, than by compel ling the Crown to make Noble Peers a drug, or ex remerating the people to vote their House a nuisance? But if env of " the order" are still bo'gotted enough in their folly as to doubt the fruit) of our allegations, touching the prevalent enthusiasm throughout the empire on this subject, how providential has been tine 1)0;44 of their partisans, that " the people were inar,rent' to the Bill." Had the faction been guided by its ordinary shrewthresF, or maintained in its usual discipline, the following is what reigh• helve happened. The proceedings in the Commons being duly wwched, but not very strenuously em barrassed, by . the Tories, the Bill would bevy marched on temperately to its third reading. Pub. lic attention might-have been diverted, and the R ,, - fortn spirit been laid asleep for a while : all thi• going on sub • silentio. The measure would in that ease have reached the Lords without much, if at all, disttabicg the tranquillity produced by a geneial end settled confidence in the nation that the result could be no otherwise than happy. Then, Meted, Men bad the Tory Lords of a sudden appealed rn the seeming apathy of the people,—had they *aid, " there are tie public meetioge, to us at least there are no petitious," and on II& negative evidence had they gone to tut ao verse vote, their game, it is clear, would, up to that point, have been successful. The Bill would have been lost. That- the House of Lords refight have Leen ruined with if, is most certain; but that belongs to another stage of spreulatiote It is. therefore, we repeat, a providential eiectenstancr, that by this ill-judged and impolitic exposure of the Tot) , plot, the people of Enemy' have been drive;: in self-defence to those demonstrations of renewel energy and impatience in the cause of li.efoim, which must triumphantly carry the Bill, without any pe,ich to a nationel convidNion, and even withou , (what ought generally to be deprecated) any unusual, however justifiable, exercise of its prerogative, in the creation of Peers by the Crown. This return of the chalice to the lips (lithe poisoner, is one of the nurov rous felicities which have attended on Toryism throughout the last twelve months. And still, as if it had been decreed above, that iiiathitte should be left undone by infatuation towards its own consummate ruin, the underlings of the Tori e S' are exclaiming against their leaders for not levying open war upon the Reformers, by requisitions for public meetings! as a - meano of affording proofs that the people are adverse to . RVorl,n ! 0! ye Wise ones! the people are meet ing, and -the proofs et hand, But the Tory ieeders, it seem., ought to abdicate, and not pretend to go vern- their faction longer, unless they take immediate and decisive steps t owar d s ascertaining e The leaders h ave act ed the sense of:the country." skilfully in endeavouring to prevent the sense of the country from being ascertained. • But the subalterns I revolted, tif is often the practice with a cause in its 1 last agonies, and the ancient chiefs are already de 'ruse d Wing mus t be the condition of that camp, <o joint and pro minent commencers ? We will conclude these re marks by noticing a curious e,capade of Tory logic. "' What quoth a cunning borcrghmonger, what signifies it, whether you prove the people England to be advocates for the Bill or not ? We all know that he who promises most largely, will make the most numt-rons proselytes."--- three the people are a set of ravenous gulls, ind one bait is as pod as another. If that he so, we ought to be as-oeished at finding that the honks of Toryism, be they ever so well baited, have not yet been swallowed by the nation. If Enershmen will bite at any thing, why have their stomachs not been moved by all the flee lures held out to them by the boroughmongers," of the system working well," " of game laws being good for the country," " of nomination boroughs being the surest channels through which able legidators can he pro cured," "of corn laws being essential to the farmer," and that enormous wealth in few clerical hands would be the salvation of England ?" Why, if as surances, and promises founded on them, were suf ficient, the people would long since have cried out that " the system" must be reinforced and extended, that the game laws should be made ten times more -trier,—the duties on corn trebled,—the borough Members multiplied,—those for counties and great towns reduced,—the Bishops and pluralists further aggrand'zed,—and the wolking clergy shorn closer. It is obvious, that if the people of England have hooted down the Tory cry, and have one and all ap• plauded that of the Reformers to the echo,—if they have dis.rosted the Tory asseverations, and have accepted and eagerly acted on those of the advocates for Reform,—there must be something in the na ture of the propositions themselves, as well as in the mere publicity given to them, which governed their reception with the country. It Englishmen, indeed, as a nation, were idiots, it is possible that the wise Tories might have some shadow of pre tence for the " delusion," " shallowness," " folly," &c. to the account of which they charge our national predilection for the Bill. But the people have, in the eyes of other countlie., furnished no other very pregnant evidet,ce of intellectual weakness than the length of time during which they have submitted to the various impostures practised upon them by tlte boroughmongers. The obvious fact is, that they listen to truth and reject Alsehood; and that is the secret of the public enthusiasm for Retem. The country is everywhere rising in support of the Reform Bill. In another colutriu our reader , will find collected together evidence of tie progress which has already been uHde in this matter. Wed nesday the inhabitants of Westminster will meet ; and for some time there witl be nothing but meet lugs throughout the country. We suspect the Anti- Reformers will have more evidence that the deter mination of the people, with regard to Reform, is not to be shaken, than may be agreeable to theta. One of the circumstances most satisfactory to u-, is the cool and resolute manner in which the people state to themselvt-s the probable consequences of a ma jority of the Um e of Lords hostile to the Bill. The crisis is undoubtedly serious, and it becomes men laying claim to rationality to examine the mat ter in all its bearings, that they may be prepared for the worst. There never, perhaps, as far as argu ment is coneerned,was a question attended with fewer dfficulties. The nation is arrayed on one side, and those who have interests hostile to the nation on the other. Never, perhaps, was there so much unanimity among all who have not anti-national interests. The large majorities for Reform in a House in which the nominees of boroughmongers have so many votes, settles the question as to the will of the nation.— The House of Commons having, in accordance with the will of the nation, declared that Peers ought no longer to return the so called representatives of the people, and passed a Bill annihilating nomination boroughs, and enabling the people to elect their own representatiVes, should the Peers reject the B:II, the question will then simply be, the people versus the House of Peers. The claim on the p-rt of the Peers is neither more nor less than to be not metely one of the three branches of the Legislature, but to be both Lords and Commons. But, then, the circum stance of the people being united, gives to every at tempt to enforce so unjust a claim as that of up holding a House of Commons, which stands self condemned, a character of folly approaching to In sanity. We naturally ask ourselves, how men not utterly destitute of reason can possibly hope to give effect to their determination, when the opponents are a whole nation ? " WI o a e the/ (says our contemporary, the Scotsman) that would int rcept this gift of a patriotic King and Mi nistry from the people? Were the htunan beings who pay the taxes and tight the b ittles of the country polled, nioteeen in twenty of their number would declare at once for the measure; and if those were abstracted who have a pecuniary interest in the abuses of the uresent system, the majority would be as fifty to one ! This, gentlemen, is as near to perfect unanimity as the nature of man permits. You would scarcely get a greater numb r to acknowledge that the invention of the ship nr the piffling press was a l•enefit to the world, We have with us the Throne, the intelligence of tle country—its property, its industry, it: population, and nearly nne-half of the Peerage itself. The question then is, gentlemen, shall we, tie Nation headed by the King, yield, not to the Peers, not to the natural Aristocracy of the country, but to a portion of these the le tat intelligent and respectable, and who, weighed against the collective weal+, rank, force, and in telligence on the other side, are mere dust in the balance? I might call them a junto of boroughmongera ; but I use " hard name , . I simply ask, whether the nation shi.u'd yield to a minute fmAion of itself, or that minute fraction yield to the nation? This is a question that every man can answer." It is of immense consequence that the array of the people should now be such as to dispel the illusion which some Peers may entertain, that this is a ques tion with regard to which the people imy be safely opposed. Let us leave them not a shadow of a grzund for countenancing such illusion , . Let us show thorn what the nature of the undertaking is iii which they would have to enter. It is yet time to deliberate; and perhaps the demonstrations now wade may have the effcrt 'of pi:wanting most me laticholr consequences. Let it never lie forgotten that power is with the people, and that the people have merely to resolve, and their purpose is effected. This every sensible Peer waist know. Why then not pause i ii Lime, before the people are led to asset t their own omnipotence " If (says the contemporary from which we h we already quoted) misled by our silence or supineness, the House of i.,.77ds should reject the Bid, what will follow ? Will the people ac,l;uie.ce in the - decision, and suffer the expected boon to drop f1a.:41 their bands? No wan who ,jinifirstands their present temper can believe this far a moment, yts,"my friends, we shall then have meetings, held under warm feelings of indignation ; we shall have strong anti threatening resolutions ; perhaps associations against paying taxes, aid other violent measures suggested by resentment or desperation. In a word, the efforts we , p - oc 041aelves now must be m tde then, under ciroum stanccs far lesa favourable, and in a frame of mind much less suitable to our prarvoc." Associations against ming taxes would, we fear, ha the result of throwing cot the MB, or essentially damaging it ; fur it is so easy a mode of carrying a polar, that, once proposed, ' tie idea would spread likn . wild-fare . . They must be indeed Ma uated Peers, v.-Ito would rush inconsiderately on the chance of such an issue. We entreat thew to pause before the die is cast. Sunday coteinporary • (0e Eraniiner) stat s the question which we are now considaain without re serve or disguisee. The following is well calculated to startle those who irate 2 not bestowed due con - ;Aeration on the subject " Tbe House of Commons is self-destroyed, cgcept for its own i-eformation ; and from the momelit that tin? House of Lords theons out the measure of Reform, there can be no submission to Proceeding upon the d e clarations of the Lower House, t!.. - .•e people would resist the payment of taxes, waiting the constituOnai authority of a Represeotativo Assembly. Government might dis• train, but who would toe in t 3 condition, or in a mood, to buy at the Sheriffs' sales ?. ,Conceive the effect of a general distraint in any populous peighbourhood,-the carts carry ing away the household furniturt..-the sorrow, lamepta• tioris, and resentment of the women—the anger of the men, sustained by a sense of ituttice; resistance to removal af the' goods would somewhere commence-riot would follow.—the military would be called in to slaughter their fellow -countrymen, vindicating their notorious rights 'arid to make good the sezures of bailiffs. 'Tetiliglne.a.--ith'iVbat stomach soldiers would do escort duty to beds and bolsters, and cradles, and pots and pans, amidst the execration of women, the hoo:itig of children, and the costemptuous j,eriugs of their fellow-wen. This would soon come to au end. Brokerage would not support a Government. • A revolution of violence would ensue. " Let persons who would fain hope such anticipations chimerical, consider one or two principles which they overlook in reckoning on the continued patience of Eng lishmen. We have been a long-suffering people; but tin der circumstances very different from the present. The people of England are, above all people in the world, sub missive to law and authority ; hut the late votes of the House of Commons have given them the principles of dis tinction between Acts of Parliament and law—they have solemnly attested the flaw in the Legislature. There is now no question of the rottenness of representation—for we have the confession of the House itself. Again, Eng lishmen are slow to action, and apt to bear much for peace. They would be the last people on earth to draw the sword; but they would be the first people on earth to button their breeches pockets. To your tents, 0 Israel,' might be bawl+•d without effect till doomsday; but 'Refuse your par sons,' would he an injunction falling in with a very natu ral tendency of industrious man. It requires much to make men fight, but far less to m,ke them refuse to pay. Resistance of taxation would probably, however, lead to blows ; but the contest would not be long, with all the might and the light on one side, and a House of self willed nervous Peers on the other. " The wisdom of our ancestors is a favourite them e o f a lmiration. We may refer to it for example two hundred years ago, in the noble sacrifices which were made of com fort and personal liberty for the resistance of unauthorized taxation, whence the spirit of martyrdom was propagated, and out of it the spirit of liberty universally diffused. Th e relations of hostility are altered. Our dauntless forefathers bad to cope with the usurpations of the Crown; we have to deal with the usurpations of Parliament. When stem:_ filing against the Stuart tyranny, the cry was against bishops and rotten-hearted lord..' The quarrel has not yet ended. Is it not manifestly the disposition of the Peers to resist all measures having for object the promotion of justice, and the rights or I;emfit of tke people? Is not every wise and benevo'ent project certain to be thwarted and defeated in the House of Lords? Toe principle of selfishness is consecrated in the irre sponsible chamber. Its members are :nen who, in their proud isolations, are ignorant of the state and temper of the world, and puffed up with overweening confidence in their own influence and powers. Should they be rash enough to throw out the Reform Bill, the instant they learn their true position by the awful consequences, they wig take fright and retract ; hut by that time the mischief will be done, and then a claim, beyond any now made on their justice, mist be IA up. The people will demand that the men who, by their wicked obstinacy have disor dered society, shall pay largely for the d image. if filen are tempted by the powers of large fortunes to throw their country into commotion, those large fortunes should be looked to fin• such compensation as they can render idr the mischief. " Nothing but fear will act upon these infatuated per sons, and for fear they should be made to have selfish rea son. Their fortunes make them least sensible of public disorders, acid their fortunes should be answerable for the vicious obstinacy by which such grievous disorders may be caused. " Our own persuasion is, that the Reform Bill will either be thrown out, or thrown to the Commons, muti lated' in every good le.iture, tl:e franchise raised, and places struck out of schedules A and B. The Alinisters will probably be inclined to accept it in this state, but tire people will not. When the alarm is taken, it is not im possible that Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester, &c. may be disposed to come up to Westminteer, to reason with the Lords ; but we think that the adoption of a national declaration, respectfully addressed to the Crown and House of Commons, throughout the country, would be preferable to any movement which would place the Go vernment in a difficult position. Such a declaration should be of three pithy parts :-I.lt, Statement of chief grieirances; 2d, Hopelessness of remedy, by reason of the obstinacy of the House of Peers ; 3d, Resolution—Politi cal Unions should instantly be every where established, and their delegates should confer as to the terms of a ma nifesto, which may be nationally adopted." It is unnecessary for us to say that we look for ward to a rejection of the Bill with great apprehen sion. We are quite aware that the people could but too easily resist the payment of taxes; but this step is pregnant with most serious consequences. It is no light matter to interrupt the regular order of things in a country like this, in which the employ ment of millions depends on the continuance of con fidence.. It becomes, therefore, of the utmost im portance to hare this great question of R,foirn settled in a peaceable manner. Alt men of weight in the country should have the possible consequences of a stoppage of employment before their eyes, and endeavour to exert all their influence to bring the Peers to a determination compatible with the pe ace and prosperity of the nation. The descent is easy to confusion; but the return to a settled state of things is not easy. The first to repent the conse quences will be those who provoke them. Let not the Peers force the people to become too intimately acquainted with the secret of their own strength. During the civil wars, the town of London, then not more popular than Glasgow is now, was a match for all the nobili.v and their retainers. Since that time the distribution of the population of England has experienced a great change. England is now co vered with cities and grea t to wns containing a lance proportion of its population, strong in union, and a knowledge of the means of combining with effect. In fact, the disproportion between the strength of a few individuals, strong only in the support they re ceive from the melon, and without any hope of such support now, and such an imposing force as is ar rayed against them, is obvious to the most super ficial observer. Let us impress this on the House of Peers, by demonstrations which cannot be mistaken, that we may have nothing to reproach our selves with hereafter. We have all of us a deep interest in the preservation of order, and t he averting the con sequences which wou ld essure d: v flow from the re jection of the Bill. Wh en Mittis . ters first introduc e d the question of Ref orm to P ar li amen t, they honestly stated it as their opinion that the time had arrived when Reform alone could save us from revolution. Hitherto the cause of Refmin has proceeded in a 'smooth course, and we have been flittered with the hope that England would exhibit the first example in the history of the world of a nation emancipating itself from political thraldom, without violence or confusion. It depends now on the Peers, whethe r this hope shall be longer indulged. May the spectacle of a whole nation, entreating them not to oppose themselves to Reform, produce a suitable impression on them, We cannot better conclude than wittethe following appeal to the Nobles by the Scolaman : "Ye Nobles of the land, ponder this fact. At present you enjoy the homage and respect of the people in as high a degree as ever ; the honours due to you are paid cheer fully ; and your most questionable privileges a , e, and may be, long hell unchallenged. This is your state at present, but its continuance depends upon yourselves. The inte 7 les'muf Mir order can only be endangered by your own acte. The people believe the Peerage to exist for the great end of securing liberty and g oo d government ! D o trot teach them to view it in an opposite light ! Their good opinion, less the result of r eason i ng than of instinc tive sentiments, will not long stand out against a harsh and illiberal exercise of your powers. We live in all age of eager speculation, and if you deny our title to be fairly and freely represented in our own house of Parliament, do not be surprised if a thousand questions are immediatelymooted as to the utility of a body, which,. in the eyes of the people, will semi to set itself up as an antagonist power to themselves, and as a barrier to needful improve meats. It is of little consequence whether sech discus sions have their origin in reason, passion, or prejudice, — I speak of them simply as facts ; and their obvious ten, dent.) , is, to lessen the reverence paid to the Peerage, and to unsettle its foundations in men's opinions."-IVI. Chrou. Though ;he intelligence of the fall of Warsaw rests at present. upon the authority of that Power which ? of all the powers of Europe, is most to be suspected of falsehood in regard 'to the Pules, the intelligence is, under all the cireumstarrees, too pro bable to admit of a re tsonable doubt.' We have therefore but too much reason for repeating that Waysaw has fallen. But though the city has fallen, the troops have not surrendered—th e Diet have not succumbed._-the Members of the Government have not bowed down before the 4espQc. They have retired, after a bloody and a glorious struggle of two days against overwhelming numbers, to make another stand elsewhere, in a cause of which it is praise enough • to say that it is Worthy of such huov3 , The same Lccount which tells us that Warsaw has fallen informs us that persons and pro- I perty have been respected by the victors. A small show of forbearance—a little sprinkling of mercy— would be sufficient to draw this declaration from Russia, and to satisfy the cravings of her humanity with respect to the treatment of the Poles. But we hope that part of the statement will prove cor rect. The shock and the disgrace to Europe are suf ficient, without the addition of a day of massacre to the two days of murder by which the retort' of the paternal Government of Russia has been ushered into Warsaw once more. And have ad our negotiations and remonstrances come to this, that, with France at our side, and the people of the whole world prepared to back the interposition of the two Governmenis, and render it irresistible, we have so far succeeded as to soften the rigour of a conquest which has cast a stain upon. the ages? Truly we have done great things! Bet let us not assume the ciedit of having done even thi s . No; it was the knowledge of what mankind, in all countries and under every fee m of Government, thought and felt, and what some of them, to their infinite honour, spoke aloud to their rulers, that forced this politic forbearance Live the Russian authorities, if for bearance they have, indeed, exercised. England has done nothing to be proud of. Warsaw has been captured before their eyes ; and, whatever their re st) ,ctive Cabinets may have whispered against the act, the thunder of war has done its work, and the noblest people of ancient or modern times have been left to their fate by two great nations,whoare meddling at this very moment with transactions which have not half the cl rim upon their justice. Who cares about the King or the people either of Belgium orof Holland, in com parison with the people of Warsaw? Well, but we have preserved peace. Alas! we have been guilty of too much prudence. Peace we have pre served, as it may always he preserved, by yielding the point at issue; but it is a peace of which no Eitglishman will be proud. Accounts have reached us, while we are writing, which confirm the disas trous news to its full extent. The ruin of the Polish cause, and the humiliation of witnessing Eteope, are eolith med. It is not a time to reason ; but we cannot help asking how came it that this eahunity befel the world ? Was it that we were afraid to remonstrate too strongly, lest a war of that nature should rinse which the world never saw be fore—a war in which the people of every courery were prepared to die or conquer, because they felt it was their own cause that summoned them to the field ? Were our Ste , eomen panic-wreck by this consideration ? Did they shrink from the contem plation of their own power, as Mr. Canning did in the affair of Portugal, not knowing what events might grow out of its exercise and its success ? We believe that war with Russia, for the sake of Poland, would have prostrated the barbarian. We believe also that in its more remote effects it would have overthrown many a rickety old despot ism on the Continent; and we fear it was this very consideration that weighed in the scale against the unhappy, but glorious people, whose disaster it is our painful duty to record. The heroes are ex pected to make another stand. Everything is to be expected from such men which mortal men can ac complish. But the laws of physical nature cannot be reversed. Numbers must prevail at last, when the odds are of such overwhelming magnitude on the side of the hordes of Russia. There is but one view of the subject to which we can look at the present moment with any thing like a feeling of satisfaction. Russia has gained and can gain, nothing by her success. She hus gained no renown by out-numbering the patriots whom she has op pressed; on the contrary, she has lost much. The heart of Europe is in arms against her, arid the time may yet come when that will be of some import ance. The delusion of her gigantic resources has been torn off by the hands of the Polish heroes; let her look to the consequences in time. She has possessed herself of Warsaw, it is true, but, until she has drawn the last drop of blood from the last_ man of that illustrious race, she has not sub hued the Poles; and what gain will it be to occupy their wilderness, and meditate upon the execration of the human race ?—Morning Herald. FRENCH PAPERS. (From the Moniteur of Frithiy.) (NON-OFFICIAL PART.) PARIS, SEPT. r) —A telegraphic despatch from Strasburgh has this evening informed the Govern ment that Warsaw capitulated on the Bth, after two days' fight;ng. The Russian army has taken pos se,:sion of the city. The Poli,h army has retired to the pala:inate of Plozk, taking the road to Modlin. (Flom the Messager der Chambres of Saturday.) PARIS, SEPT. 16.—The Journals have shown but little good faith or justice in arguing against the late article of the Moniteur relative to the speedy eva cuation of Belgium. Those Journals having long since declared themelves the partizans of a general war, their reproaches, in fact, only express their re gret that the affairs of Belgium have not yet led to this result. But nobody in France has thought of taking advantage of the assistance which we went to give to the Belgians to take possession of their country, or to establish ourselves ivdetinitely tinder the pretext of protection. Even the authors of the Journals to which we reply have not had a thought so contrary to the probity which our national character may so justly boast. It was neces sary, therefore, that the stay of our troops should have a limit, but it is objected we yield to, the jealou-y of certain continental Poweni, and to the attacks directed by the English Tories against the Reforming Monarchy. Plain good sense answers, that the independence of Belgium, the recognition of the principle of the sovereignty of the people, and the erection of the country into an European State, and the result of the mutual concessions which the Powers have made to each other, France declining to take the country for herself, and the other Cabinets consenting to recognize a popular revolution in consideration of the protection of France. Besides, when this revolution was me naced, France did not ask permission of any -one to hasten to assist it with firma. Certainly the move ment of our troops may have given great vexation to such Cabinets as may have cherished a secret hope of seeing the Dutch army reestablish the king dom of the Netherlands. However, they have said nothing, and have been obliged to approve the con duct of France in a special protocol. Now that the object is attained, a longer occupation of Belgium interests neither the sectirity of that country, - nor the dignity of France, which have been fully satis fied by the rapidity and the success of our militaly proceedings. But the Dutch may renew their invasion. We believe that that Cabinet has given up the hopes of exciting a general war, and is• more sensible of the state of the af f airs of Europe. But if it should renew the invasion, we remain in force on our frontier ready to act with the same rapidity as before : the army retains its complete organization, and might be put in motion in twenty-four hours. Has our Cabinet shown some deference to the reforming Cabinet of Lord Grey, to spare it the re monstrances of a powerful Ari-tocraric Opposition ? The French Opposition think so. But ought we to blame this indirect support given to the first liberal Altninistration that there has been in England for several years, and since the cause of European liberty —a cause common to al! nations—is not promoting its development, to support, as far as possibl.', those who labour elsewhere at the same object as our selves, and ought this fortunate harmony to be dis turbed out of pure vanity ? Lastly, the retreat aunt! troops leaves Belgium at the mercy of nobody, and this kingdom, which we were told was to be an English province, and King Leopold, who was to be an English prefect, are seen to incline to France with a warmth of friendship which proves that sound policy as well as gratitude ,:ctuates the Belgian Government. • It asks us for generals and officers--it requests the admission of young Belgians to the Polytechnic school --it asks us for ship-builders and seamen, to form a little navy a t Ostend,—it is from us that it expects, from us alone that it desires, to receive all that it still needs o develop the elements of strength which have hitherto been ill-employed. Let it then be allowed there is nu need of French troopi in Belgium t withdraw that country from foreign it:fluence. The sympathy of interests and sentiments is profound and real. We should destroy it, we should alienate that people, our biothers, if we affected to act any longer as its guards. (From the Quotidienne.) The Moniteur of this morning contains the fo!- lowina news A telegraphic despatch from Strasburgh has communicated this evening to the Government that Warsaw capitulated on the Bth, after two days' fighting. The Russian army has taken possession of the city. The Polish army has retired into the palatinate of Plozek, and is directing its course to wards Modlin." We read in La France Nouvelle the following : " Midnight—lt is confidently reported that the Government has learnt by a telegraphic despatch, the capitulation of Warsaw." The Journal des Debuts contains the same news. It was remarked that there was a great movement of the Ministerial bench during the sitting. The Minister for Foreign Affairs, among others, quitted the Chamber to repair to the Palais Royal, whither he was summoned ; and not having his carriage at hand, he set ont, in order to lose no time, in the cabriolet of a young master of requests. This evening rumours the most distressing for the Polish cause are circulated; but nothing positive has reached us, and the last news from Poland are far from pi eparing us for a disaster.-Journal du Commerce. FRENCH FUNDi.- PARIS, SEPT. 16.-Five per Cents., 87f. Sif. sc. 87f. 87f. 15c. 87f. 30c. 10c. 15c. 20c. 30c. 35c. 30c. 25c. 15c. 57t. 10c. Rif. 86f. R 5 c. 90c. 8.5 c. SW. 755. 60c. 86f. 65c. 35c. 75c. 65c. 60c. ; Four per Cents., 71f. 50e. ; Three per Cents., 58f. 70c. 65c 75c. 85c. Mc. 70c: 6°c. 58f. 40c. 58f. 57f. 90c. 75c. 70c. 80c. ; Rank Stork, 1,54011 ; Rezde do Naples, 69f. 10c. itic. Sic. 25c. 691. ; Royal Spanish Loan, MN SY y., ; Rente Perpetuelle d'Espagne, 47 46% i 2 ; Haytian Loan, 200 f. Exchange on London, one month, paper, 25e. se: ; money, 251. sc. ; three months, paper, 25f. ; money, 211. 95e.-Coors Authentique. DUTCH AND GERMAN PAPERS. HAGUE, SEPT. 1.5.—A courier from Frankfort arrived this morning at the Hague, announces the. capitulation of Warsaw, and its surrender to the Russians after two days'•assault. The revolution of Poland is therefore terminated, or about to ter minate. This event is immense for the results it mu,t have on the affairs of the west of Europe, in consequence of the freedom of action which it re stores to -Russia, and the weight which it gives to the Powers which fGrrn the majotity in the London conference. We shall examine its probable and, doubtless, proximate consequences. At present we confine our-elves to the announcement, that Warsaw has c *pit abated. The Brussels Courier of the 17th instant men tions the disastrous event in very different terms, but also expects that it will lead to important conse quences. That paper s.ys— " A courier, despatched by the English Embassy at Berlin, on his way to London, left, in passing through our city, a despatch for Sir Robert Adair, by which we are informed of the taking of Warsaw. We are ignorant of the details of this melancholy event, but it appears cettain that, tityr a sanguinary battle, which lasted two days, the Russian army carried the Polish positions and entered Warsaw. Tne remains of the Polish army, as well as the Go vernment and the Diet, have retired to the other side of the Vistula. An estafette has been sent without delay from Brussels to Palls. • " Here is an event pregnant with stcrms. What effect will it produce in France ? What determi nations will it cause on the part of the Powers hos tile to the royalty of Louis Philippe ? This is what we soon shall learn." BERLIN, SEPT. 12.—We lave received here the important news of the taking of 'Warsaw. Under the dare of yesterday, our Gazette gives an extraor dinary supplement of the following tenour : this re port was received by express the preceding night : " According to authentic intelligence that has been received here, Warsaw capitulated ort the 7th of this month, in the evening, after the Impeiial Rus sian army, in a most sanguinary contest, which con tinued for two days, had obtained possession of ail the intrenchmenis on the left bank of the Vistula. The Poles have marched in the direction of 31odlin, in order to assemble at Plozk. The terms of capi tulation are not known. On the Bth of this month, at ten o'clock in the forenoon, some re4iments of the Imperial Russian Girard, and numerous artillery, marched through Warsaw, anti over the bridge on the Vistula, to Praga." Besides this short report, the Slate Gazette of to , day gives the following article, dated from Warsaw itself, on the Bth of September, at eight o'clock in the morning : " In a few hours, according to a capitulation which has been concluded, the Imperial Russian troops, with a numerous train of artillery, enter this city, the Polish army having yesterday evening left tire city and the environs, and marched by way of Praga to Modlin, with the intention, as is sup posed, of again taking a position near Piozk. The following are the particulars of this impor tant event :—Field-Marshal Count Paskeaitsch had given to the Polish Government fourteen days to make its submission. After these were expired, and another meeting had taken place on the subject on the 4th, but without effect, an attack was com menced on the 6th, on the whole line from Mokasow to Paryzow. The principal masses were, however, d'rected against the first intrenchment before the village at Wola, and the tire continued till six o'clock in the afternoon. This intrenchment, as well as another near the village of Czyste, was taken with twenty pieces of heavy artillery, and four regi ments of infantry partly cut to pieces and partly made prisoners. General Sororski, severely wounded, was taken by the Russians, and also Peter Wysozki, one of the principal authors of the revolution, and leader in the attack on the Belvedere on the 29th of November last year; but it is said that the moment he was taken prisoner he shot himself. " Yesterday morning, a little after six o'clock, the Russian General Von Datineberg came with a flag of truce to offer to the Government time for consi deration till one o'clock, while the Russians made use of the time to change the entrenchments at Wok into a redoubt, and to furnish it with heavy cannon; but as the Poles, instead of negotiating, sent all the men able to bear arms to the ramparts, the firing was renewed with great violence, and many buildings-on that side, with all the windmill., were consumed. Towards five o'efijek the Russians were masters of all the entrenchments, whereupon, after another summons, a capitulation was concluded, the particulars of which, however, were not known. The firing of the artillery was, however, heard till past eight o'clock, and that of the mu,ketry the whole night. Some Polish divisions were still dis posed to defend themselves, but as their object now is to save their ammunition, these too have marched away. The Imperial troops performed, in storming the entrenchments, prodigies of valour. " P.S. Ten o'clock, a.m.—A part of the Imperial Guards, with numerous artillery, is now marching over the bridge to Praga, after the Poles. The latter are seen plainly marching in the direction of Modlin. General Krukowiecki is still here, and it appear& that he will not follow the army." Another article from War-aw of the same date likewise in the Slate Gazette, is as follows : " The Russian Guards have enteredin the greatest order, and perfect tranquillity prevails in the city. The inhabitants have, at least, taken no voluntary part in defending the city. But for Krukowiecki's obstinacy, much blood would have been spared. 'The cannonade begun in the night of Monday, and continued the night through. The Russians dis played inflexible bravely, and penetrated into the intrenchments over the ditches, which were filled with the corpses of their countrymen. Early on the Wednesday morning negotiations were renewed, but without effect, ou which an assault and can nonade recommenced, and ended in the evening by the conquest of all the intrenchments. The mem bets of the Polish Government and many senators have joined the army, which is going on the Pc. of Plozk." ArdsTiiiiial °, Actual Debt, :P i ; per cent. 31% 1 1 11? Voluntary Loan ,Bl 93 . ti , Amort Syndic, Cb per cent. Ditto, 36 per cent ag o ' Exchange on London. Two Months ll —Dutch Papers, Sept, 17. HOUSE OF LORDS, SET•,Z&' pl l MACKENZIE V. COMMERCIAL BANK OF SCI P This case, which is an appeal from the„', Session, was opened on the preceding eeo the Parliamentary business had been dif fib and again came on this morning. The simple, and may be thus stated. In 18 1 1',.1 credit to the extent of 500/. was applied fe l : m i half of a person named Geddes, living at SI _. _ . the co-obligants•being Mr. (;eddes hitosl Mackenzie, and Mr. Ross. Mr. Mackenie, , that the cash credit was exclusively • for the!' of Mr. Geddes. At the tim e tha t the tlo b i „, l account was opened Mr. Geddes held four 5 1 " the stock of the Commercial Bank ; auds ! quently, he purchased six additional shares?, each of which he paid 1001. By an artiCle,-! contract of the bank, the directors can avi a . ,! selves of any shares of stock h e ld by , an y c°`l i r or of any other funds belonging to, any debtors, as a security for any debts which o' l contract or become liable ro the bank. l i t e , account which was kept in Mr. Cieddes'gP ll ,l soon drawn our, and be sometint6 aftetqt posed of his shares ..of bank sock. Sol tts ,: 0' proceedings followed, in which an' e ffort by Mr. Mackenzie to withdraw his name fr° ' security, Mr. Itlss having. then become $ and Mr. Geddes having been under the of calling a meeting of his creditors, to wh: merely necessary to advert. A similar oba applies to some supposed neglect on the r the bank agent, es to the transfer of shares of bank stock. When the banking patty became acquainted with Mr. 14130 4 . desire to withdraw his security, they . to have the money so drawn out of 10 repaid. It wftn believed that the property of b would be sufficient to answer a ll d e mands; turned out otherwise, and the banking demands turned aecorditigly instituted legal proceedings ags / Mackenzie. Afte r th e usua l p rocess h a d bee l . i g ii through in the Court below, judgment was C A 4I favour of the banking company, on the g ravi d Mr. Mackenzie, according to the terms of the could not be held to be merely a cautioner L but as a full debtor. '1 here were other mit: o points, unnecessaiy to detail, as to the sn, Geddes b e i ng a ll owe d to b e transferred, alro time bei ng g i ven hi m to pay hi s d e bt. against t hi s d ec i s i on t h at t h e present .11/31)"- brought. After Counsel had been heard on both siu`" : decision of the Court below was affirmed. We may mention that the Lori Chancellu'' to attend a Cabinet Council, and was absePt Per Quarter. Hexham Morpeth Penrith Sheffield Winchester Per Bushel. Coventry Newcastle (Staff.) Northallerton Swansea Warwick Per 8011. Barnardeastle Durham. Richmond Stockton s. to s. s. to s. 52 35 —. 55 67 34 444 52 59 32 33 59 56 61 —• 313 63 72 '34 41 s.d. s.d. P.(l. 60 73 36 40 79 9 0 4 & 54 90 93 60 66 70 93 36 46 89 96 59 62 . 76 80 44 48 90 10 01 4 6 50 s. to s. 23 22 26 24 27 27 23 30 s. d. s. cl. 18 20 36 40 39 40 33 40 39 46 24 28 22 26 140 170 :3 6 16 6 140 180 14 6 15 6 I 8 0 9 9 0 1 0 0 3 17 6 90 1 99 100 58 66 60 83 74 94 58 66 0 0 00 10" - ,7 WAKEFIELD CORN MARKET.—Sept. 1 6 ; h e1 ,, There was a large supply of Wheat thi s m o r n i ng , but "" o f was ve,y dull, and the prices are nearly the same as the .... day se'nnight. "8 7 ,,. Wheat, Red, Norfolk and Sufßilk 465. SS*. to 60s. I'L_ -- Lin. and Cam. -- Yorkshire White 4 5 4 6 :8: : 5: ft o s . 3 : ro o 6 5 61 Spy l 6 " .„ :0 71 1 , ' Foreign, Red 443. 50s. to 555. D'i ;V White i2s. .555. to 621. fi n e e, Barley, Norfolk and S u ff o lk 24s. to :Vs. ""„ 9' —.. Lincolnshire 233. to aes. _ 4 0 °40 Yorkshire Wold fin 4 s. to 40s. .„. Foreign` $ fist Beans, Small - ---- Tick 4os. to 425. M I C A MIC Oats, Potato 22s. to 265. --„, Poland —s. 21s. to 245. 1„,""P' --- Friesland and Small —s. 19s. to 235. P'itie Mealing lld. to 13d. Per iti Shelling .3.55. to 365. Od. Per Rapeseedi pri Malt 36s. 42*. fine 465. PeL Jr ... 2Ol Os. 221. Os. 24/. Os. I.' SCOTCH MARKETS. „.tri Wheat. Barley Oats. Aberdeen ....- Berwick Coldstream Cupar Dundee Elgin I nverness Kelso Perth The size 44 62 27 31 40 44 21 23 39 43 22 24. 44 64 33 35 63 70 33 33 50 58 30 33 40 52 32 34 41 45 22 24 40 45 27 39 46 58 21 27 of the measure val 24 -- 15 0 V 17 19 30 31 25 26 18 40 30 31 at 3R 20 26 19 - 21. 24 28 34 35. 17 22 29 DO 25 82 45 48• 21 23 22 24 es throughout the EDINBURGH MEAI We had a middling supply I which met with a heavy sale. Per Sack of 280Ib. Itnp. First Oatmeal Second ditto 1 17 0 Barleymeal 1 10 0 PeaSellteal . 1 10 0 Pot Barley—No. I, per cwt. 14; L PIA lt K ET. —Sept. 1 , of Oatmeal at this day ILI. ' Prices the same as last 1 ,.. Per Stone of 141 b. i t 7 i jo First Oatmeal ....•••••t — il Second ditto ..... ..... 1 f Barleymeal ...... .. A . % Peasemeal 1 F i 168,-34 '20:.---17,1„...e • t i V EDINBURGH CORN MARKET.—SepL s ' .--*.bstO We had a large supply of all kinds of Grain to-Aalt,., sales were heavy for every thing but Barley. Old Wt .if f . on the top, and up !Ws. on the average; • New Wu (kg s. on the top, and up 10c1. on the average. Barley uPi L r o t_ JW the top, and the same average. Old Oats top Ws.; far down tid. on the top, and up2d. on the average. Pea§e'r" up Is. on the top, and average the same as last day. - " old Wheat. Harley. Oats. ?ease. A 4s First 723 0,1 O. is 6d 306 0.1 41s Od 40 . Second Third PRICES OF PROVISIONS, &C. Beef, per lb. Os. 3id. to Os. &I. Fresh Butter,lb.ls. olt° r, 0 3.1 0 6 Salt DittO—,„ 010 o Veal 0 5 0 8 Ditto, per cat. SS e 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eggs, per dos. or, j 0 p Limb; per qr . 0 8 3 0 OatStraw(kp.) 9 0 Fallow, cwt.... 35 4 37 6 Wheat Ditto* 7 0 Quartern Loaf 0 9 0 0 Barley Ditto* 6 R 1 Potatoes, 17-41 b. 0 4 0 0 Hay, per at.:... 1 GLASGOW CORN There has been very little Giain during the week. Wheat, per :2401b. s. d. s. d. British, old i.150t0300 MARKET.—Sept. 14 . 41011 Of alteration in any &San , " A • 40 Oats, per 2611 b. 5. WOr)li Irish Ja n British ** " IQ v,. 0 0 Bearia, pez (i011)•,, n0 ' O A. iEnglish ............. Tr i p ill Scottish Pease. Scottis h .. . Y .190 Oatmeal, per 1401 b. 1b Flour, per 1b.... `5 .. 2. 1 7 ... __ ... 7. - ---"• ----- new Canada, free Irish ' S 0 SO 0 240. lig 0 Barley, per 3201 b. - English — 0 -.. 0 Scottish 27 0 30 0 Irish • ----- i ° BIRTHS. da O ug n h t t h er e . 18th inst. Mrs. Firth, of York.place, Walw °l 7o Nop On the 14th inst. at Newby-park, Yorkshire, the , Ramsdcn, lady of J. C. Ramsdell, Esq. M.P. of a SOIL'. ; ro e MARRIED. On the 17th inst. at St. George's, Ilanover-squarept'' J d ik Eq., only ,on of P. Godfrey, Esq., of Old-hall, in 'll. *MO , the Right Hon. Susan Couniqs Dowager u! v _ On the 17th inst at St. George's, Hanover.squaretilipfr Esq., to Diana, eldest daughter of It. Orlebar, Estl' °f house, Bedfordshire. 1. DIED. -:‘ On the 17th inst. in Mornington-place, WilloughblY t ile formerly patentee of Drury-lane Theatre, and one temporaries of Garrick, in the 83d year of his age. pp' On the 13th inst. at Elwick-hall, in the et uuty v a rV aged 65, Lady Pa r k, th e w i fe of the Hon. Mr, .I,ustieetT' PRINTED AND PUBLi FD uY MURDO ecr • • SuNI Uvric,r, 1(2, STRAND, LONDON. - --••-•••-• vial/111M VUUIII.7II, auu was t p twelve t o t wo o ' c l oc k. O n return i ng anothe r was taker), which had been partly beard before i Lord Ly n dh urst , an d L or d W yn f or d , at t he C l '. which the above case was again argued. A The Parliamentary business then intervelly. on its being disposed of the case of " Macke y the Commercial Bank of Scotland" was re sii i and concluded in the manner ,tatad by abou t past six. As the Counsel were about retiring, the The LORD A DVOCATE steppe d up 10 1" and said he had been requested by his Friends who were in the causes which stood PT morrow (this day) ro beg of the Nnble and 40 Lord not to s it l ater t h an b etween f our andli • The LORD CHANCELLOR immediately ac., the requesr.—Adjourned. COUNTRY CORN MARKETS. DURING L.IST WEEK. Wheat. Barley. Oats: .1 ENG on " the fai be 'o at -ottani T' *Woo Te n h Closed • ~_ To Lit ,torr *Rao to w , - • fo rd • it* N ew „thett e „ Scill tu rnbt D evon 43 piet — ur h, 11 .Anal To hi ftent li!rki.'"Qr°l into fr otr , upon Veen w„ ,_ N' elea fo T e •ha etiai 4 0r 112e4