The Sun. — London, England, 1861-09-07 00:00:00

..r2cri t 1. ) . K ,:_l . t. , 4 -';'. ', 'N ) , - ; ee 4 , -.4 4 -4 : : .- ; :," - !-7 ,- t7.7., i , Y - _:7O 10%, ( .44, , i 1 ,. en - -v , ''',,, t7 $074, ~.., k , 7 r' .. ...t.f. . ti r " , ,•.,,, . ~. ~, , , , €o_, ~., ...,,YA ' l. " ' ... --i4. -----. - ..._:-..i.. ,-0 .... ~... 'S I' THE SUN• LoNDON, SATURDAY, SEPT. 7, 18t31. The subjoined comments upon our latest advices from America were hardly in print, when telegrams have been flashed to us—indicating a new phase in the development of that lamentable Civil War. It was not so much when these last advices left for Europe that further reverses to the Northern power, the power of the Federalists, were dreaded—so much as it would seem that other reverses had actually happened. No city has fallen, it is true, into the hands of the Confederates. The Capital of Wash ington remains yet unassailed. Bat—signs of the times are noted there that begin to look uglier than ever for the North, and more than ever propitious for the South. Fort Fill more—we now learn—has surrendered. The Southern troops have entered it. If—as we have already said—the capital itself has not yet been laid siege to ; it reads disagreeably in these latest accounts from Washington that intimation, suggestive of either has the phrase runs) " treason in the camp," or (almost worse this, during a civil war) " indifference in the cause" at issue, i.e., the cause of the Federalists, the cause of the Union that intimation that the Mayor of the Capital had been confined as a State prisoner in Fort Lafayette. Moro than this—" numerous arrests" are still spoken of as taking place con tinually. There comes news a day later even than the above from New York. News down to within an hour of noon on the 28th ultimo—from which advices we learn darker rumours still of disaster and defeat to the Federalists. It was reported at eleven o'clock in the forenoon of that day at New York, that down in Western Virginia a portion of the Federal force under Gene rol ROZiNCRANTZ had been actually surrounded (.bowing, however, it will be observed, an evidently considerable disproportion of numbers), and that these Federal troops had not only been defeated, but " badly defeated " by the Confederates, under General FLOYD at Summerville. While it blows hot from one quarter, however, it blows cold from another. For we read in the next portion of the telegram that a report—this time not from Western Virginia, but from North-eastern Missouri —described the Federalists as in rapid advance from Athens in pursuit of the flying Southerners. The half-paralysed guardians of the com mercial interests of the North are awaken ing at length, it will be noted, to a sense of the urgent necessity there is for a change in the policy of President LINCOLN. In that awakening we recognise something like hope for the North. The deputation of bankers hastening from New York and Boston to urge upon Mr. LINCOLN the necessity for a more vigorous prosecution of the war, may at last rouse the Federal Government, though tardily, to an adequate sense of the emergency. In the absence of striking movements in Ame rica the prospects of each side are reported to us with small fluctuations, much like those of Consols in ordinary states of the market. But a few days ago, Northerns were down to expectation of an advance of the rebels across the Potomac. By the next mail they had risen to absence of any hostile preparations on the Southern bank after a careful navql search. And by the last they are up to retire ment of the rebels from Centreville and Fair fax, the two positions nearest Bull's Run. The rise, howe ve r, is hardly maintained, for it turns out that the retreat was owing to two companies of rebels having mistaken each other for foes, and consequently fired on their friends. Also that the number of killed and wounded in Missouri had, been very considerable ; thus the prospects of the North had receded at least an eighth from the quotations of the earlier news of the same day- What we aro told i 1,. that M'CLELLAN is getting his army into first-rate ordc.,r And drill—that works are thrown up round Washington which may vio with those of TODLEBEN in the Crimea—that a grand review of the army of the Potomac has been witnetised by the PRESIDENT—that the North has 300,000 men in the field, soon to be 100,000 more, the south 200,000 —that old General WOOL is putting thing s in order at Fort Monroe, where he has superseded Gen. BUTLER ; and, of all things in the wimid, the arrest of a lady s py, and an authoress NW.* too. We are told also that the Southern States are beginning to secede from each other. The Governor of Georgia, irritated by President DAVIS having violated its sovereignty, by assuming to dispose of his troops without his authority, has disbanded a whole brigade of heroes who were to have gone off to the conquerors at Bull's Run. The .New York Herald exults in the evidence thus practically fur nished that the legitimate development of secession is thirty-four independent military Sovereignties, warring or squabbling with each other. There is also a rumour that English and French ships of war are to demand a breaking up of the blockade ; we need not say that it can be, no more than a Yankee canard. Europe has just now been witnessing another illustration of the hand to mouth policy of the Em peror NAPOLEON. The index finger to this latest illustration was pointed at it only yesterday by the Moniteur. Said that official organ of the French Government,—"The Times and other foreign jour nals make comments upon the pamphlet The Emperor, Rome, and King of Italy,' which are void of all foundation, and to which the Govern ment opposes a formal denial." Well, precisely. It is what has often occurred before now. The pre sent is only another but a more than ever flagrant instance of the insidious system according to which the present ruler of France throws out a Feeler every now and then in the shape of a grandiose pamphlet that can be afterwards adopted or repu diated according to circumstances. Looking back to this last brochure issued from the great politico-literary manufactory of such things, presided over by M. DENTU - who shall say that the Imperial style, the Im perial tone, the Imperial cognisance of facts not commonly known, we will not say to the public generally, but we will even say to the inner circle in the sanctum sanctorum of Diplomacy, were not visible throughout it? Besides, the idstant reflec tion is this—lf the pamphlet were really, as the Moniteur now ambiguously intimates—[ambigu ousy, we say, because, in truth, the repudiation is not one jot less ambiguous in its language than the very pamphlet that is repudiated !]—if this pamphlet were really an imposture, were really in every particular unauthorised, it must have been put down, crushed, swept out of existence long ago ! The foreign journals would never have had the oppor tunity of making observations upon it, observations that require to be pronounced erroneous by the Moni teur about a week afterwards ! Neither ourselves nor . our contemporaries could have had time or occa sion to draw from the Imperial and imperious lan guage used by the pamphleteer "suppositions totally devoid of foundation." It is idle to talk of it even. Why, no sooner could the leaves of this pamphlet—damp from the press, with the aroma of newness still fresh upon them—have been placed in tempting piles upon the counter of M. DENTU, and displayed in delicate primrose paper-covers in M. DENTU'S win dows, than the whole would have been carted away for destruction by the police of Paris as an insult to "the Majesty" of France. Let any sane man read the pamphlet and say otherwise. Why, in its every syllable, in the whole air and manner of it, it is not:so much that we are listening to an argument taken down to dictation by the scrambling pen of that ready writer, M. MOCQUARD-it is not so much that we are hearkening to the authoritative tones of the great imperial writer who has won his title by his subserviency, meaning, of course, Monsieur le Viscomte DE LA GUERONNIERE-it is a certain great personage himself, whose voice is audible in the every tone of every sentence. We ate perfectly well satisfied of this—that could the original MS. be forthcoming, or could we get a glimpse of the proo sheets of L' Empe re ur, Ronne, et le Rol d' Italie, the hand-writing of the Third NAPOLEON would there be discernible. Not perhaps that the MS. would be found to be an imperial holograph —nut that, either in the original manuscript or in the earlier proof-sheets, there would be recog nisable little significant ticks and interlineations coming from no other hand. Apart from the tone of the pamphlet itself, there is (we would again particularly direct attention to this point), there is the length of time that has been allowed to elapse before the 11Ioniteur has been permitted, or rather instructed, to repudiate it. That, we maintain, is of ifself—upon the very face of it—more than sus picious.. During the interval that has elapsed be- tween the issue of the brochure and the repudia• tion of it by the Moniteur, the argument of the pamphleteer has been afforded the opportunity of making the tour of Europe. It has been distri buted among the reading public all over Paris, it has been scattered far and wide ail through France, it has been discussed by numberless foreign newspapers, more parti cularly by the press of the United Kingdom. And then it is—when it has done the work it was intended to do—when it has acted as another deli cate and yet daringly obtrusive Feeler—then, but not sooner, it is cooly pronounced to be unautho rised. Still ambiguously, as we have said, but yet in spite of the ambiguity of the words, with suffi cient distinctness. The pamphlet has done its duty for the nonce, and it is now thrown aside like a sucked orange. No wonder the correspondent of our chief morn ing contemporary, writing from Turin on the fourth inst., could—aided by the light of a sadly protracted experience—find himself con strained to announce even then (on the 4th Septem ber, forty-eight hours before the repudiation of the brochure in the columns of the ilfoniteur yesterday morning!) 'The French pamphlet ".L'Ernpereur, Rome, et le Roi d' Italie, has created no sensation here." Adding "The Italian officials were well aware that no official importance could be attached to this sympathizing publication" Nay, the correspondent at Turin does not content himself with speaking out thus plainly. He goes on to remark, with an emphasis of conviction that is assuredly.impres- sive :—" It is very certain that up to this time no motive for hope has been held out to King VICTOR EMMANUEL'S advisers. What ever newspapers and the telegraph may say to the contrary, I have reason to feel assured that n 3 step has been taken, nut only towards the removal of the French garrison from Rome, but even towards an intimation to the Popo that he will be left to his fate and must prepare to come to terms with his Italian neighbours or his own Roman people." These positive intimations recollect, come direct from Turin l And they come as the expression of the deliberate opinion of this observant and ex perienced English correspondent. Hardly can hip assurances reach our shores nu,reover when they are justified to the letter in a remarkable manner by the repudiation of the pamphlet referred to, through the columns of the official organ of the French Government. Yet this is the policy, the profound and enlight ened policy, that M. MICHEL CHEVALIER would have England and her statesmen abandon every thing to with implicit confience. If anything at all were required to demonstrate the wisdom of the words that fell from the lips of our veteran Premier only the other day at Dover, upon the occasion of his installation as Lord Warden of the Cinque Port, —words so extravagantly resented immediately afterwards by M. CHEVALIER—that demonstration would be found amply supplied in this last flagrant evidence of the facility with which his Imperial Majesty of France can play fast and loose with the hopes and fears of all parties and sections of parties throughout Christendom. " How to shelve doing justice to Income-tax payers," would be the appropriate title to the Report, such as it is, of the committee which sat on Mr. HUBBARD'S scheme this year. The Report itself bears the stamp of its intent on the face of it ; and when the mode of its concoction is ob served, its real character is still more evident. Mr. HUBBARD himself was in the chair, and of course could not vote except the members were equal. Such members of the committee were absent as left a majority of five to four for the shelving policy. As the time was hastening away, the evidence taken far from complete, and four widely diffe'ent reports were proposed by the Chairman, by Mr. LOWE, by Mr. SOTHERON ESTCOURT, and by Sir STAFFORD NORTHCOTE, Mr. CRAUFORD proposed, and the Chairman concurred with him, that the Minutes of the evidence should be printed and reported to the house without observations. This proposal, obviously required by the state of the discussion and investigation, the gentlemen of the shelving parted outvoted by the temporary majority of one. Having succeeded thus far, and Mr. HUBBARD seeing the determination to burke the subject, and, therefore, taking no further ac ti ve part in the matter, Mr. LOWE and Mr. ESTCOURT withdrew their Draft Reports, and the five proceeded on that of Sir STAFFORD NORTH COTE. The result was very singular. Remem bering, we suppose, the story of the advice once given to a Judge, they struck out all Sir STAFFORD'S reasons, and gave only his conclusions. They were agreed to do nothing ; such was their will and pleasure ; but, beyond the conclusion to leave acknowledged injustice where it is, they had nothing which they dared to place before the public. The budding Tory Chancellor of the Exchequer has the honour of heading the refusal of Income-tax justice. We agree with Mr. HUBBARD that such a con clusion of the matter cannot be regarded as the conclusion ; and it is, therefore, gratifying to learn, from his letter to Mr. JOHN STUART MILL, con taining comments on the reports and proceedings of the Committee, that the hon. member sees no ground for discouragement to the advocates of Re form in the actual position of the question. Doubtless the Government and its officials will endeavour to use this miserable report as a conclusion of the whole matter; but a real grievance cannot be thus sup pressed. While incomes, almost as diverse in their practical value as gold and silver, are taxed as if they all resembled the more precious metal, the receivers of what we may call the silver incomes will make their voice heard. It is well known that some eminent mathemati cians have contended that an equal tax on all in comes, be their source what they may, is equitable as well as equal. It is one of the innumerable cases in which pure theory must yield to the modi fications of facts. Each kind of income, that for instance derived from professional skill, and that from land or money in the funds, pays as long as it lasts—therefore pays, they say, proportionably. Proportionably to its duration, we grant ; but not proportionably to its " expendible power." An income from the funds may be entirely expended, and its possessor at his demise, or during an inca pacitating illness, will leave to his family the same income as they had ever enjoyed. If the profes sional man does the same, his death beggars his family, and a paralysing illness adds the charge of his own support. Taking the funded and the pro. fessional income, as fair examples of the two great classes of income, the dictum of the equity of equal Income-tax assessment is seen and felt by every heir to disease and mortality. The mistake of the mathematicians refereed to is quite as great as if they calculated the - mechanical power of a system of pulleys, as though it were precisely in the ratio of the velocity of the bodies moved, with no regard to such uumathematical facts as friction and rigidity of ropes. Illness and death are the friction and the ropes which the practical man cannot afford to overlook . Of course the stock objection to Mr. HUBBARD'S valuable suggestions was too plausible not to be brought forward—it would not precisely meet every individual case. Of course not. But will the Perfec tionists, or rather the advocates of gross imperfection, because perfection is unattainable—will they venture to generalise their argument. Will they lay i t down that no reform in any department is to be attempted, till one can be devised which shall bear hardly on no individual case. If they will not maintain this absurdity their argument is utterly worthless. But they know it to be so. They know that no statesman ever pretended that his proposals would remedy every evil of the kind they were in tended to meet. No law reform, or political reform, or tariff reform, ever proposed to do more than to redress a large proportion of the inequalities incidental to every general arrangement. The praise of Mr. HUBBARD'S scheme is, that it is a long stride in the right direction. Show him how to make it a yet larger one, and no one would be more thankful ; but in the name of common sense and equity do not reject it because it is not of perfect application. Mr. HUBBARD, like the late Mr. JAMES WILSON , holds it to be necessary to regard the community for income tax purposes, in classes, The reason is that to estimate the comparative value of individual income would be a most costly, if not an impracti cable task. There is, indeed, one distinction not regarded in these modern discussions, but which was not overlooked in the old income-tax—the number of persons dependent on one income, We may advert to it more fully on another occasion ; we merely remark now that, in the case of incomes under a certain amount, the difference is one most painfully felt, and that it is one with regard to which there is hardly the possibility of imposition. The difference of the real income of two clerks both receiving £303 a-year, but one having no family, the other anxious to educate and start in life re spectably six or eight children, not to mention larger families, is obvious enough. And it may well be that an aged parent, on one side or the other, depends on him also. We know some of the ready replies. But no reply can convince probably even the childless clerk, and of course not the other, that the income of the former cannot better afford a tax than that of the latter. The £3OO is indeed, in one case the income of two persons, in the other of eight. Two notions seem to have had no little influence with the committee. Neither, however, will bear discussion. In opposing the undeniably sound principle of Mr. HUBBARD that "net income only ought to be taxed," Mr. LowE, one of the hardiest defenders of present Income-tax injustice, had nothing better to say than that the present practice had arisen rather "from practical convenience than from abstract speculation," That some thing must be conceded to practical convenience is true. Mr. HUBBARD'S stopping at classes, Is distinguished from individuals, is a con cession of that kind. But to represent a system as rising from it, is to damn it hopelessly. C_IEORGE HOBSON res p ectfull y invites the V 1 attention of Gentlemen to his new Autumnal Coatings, Trowserinas, and Waistcoatings. The new Shooting Suits, .£2 ISs. to £.l 3s. The superfine West of Englan Woaded slack Cloths for Beaufort and Frock Coats, £2 15s. to to R 3 3s. Excellence with Economy. GEORGE HOBSON, 57, LOMBARD-STREET. - ALFRED MELLON'S PROMENADE CONCERTS. THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT-GARDEN. THE VOLUNTEER NIGHT—THIS EVENING. Vocalists : Mdlle. PAREPA, Mdlle. FLORENCE LANCIA, Mme. LAURA BAXTER, and Herr FORMES. Conductor, Mr. ALFRED MELLON. On Thursday next, an ITALIAN NIGHT—on Friday, a WE tER NIGHT and on Saturday, a VOLUNTEER NIGHT, Promenade. One ShillinF.f. Commence at Eight. Every Evening. 'IR 14 ,..1-t0 Y Ali, HA Y ET. Les.fee, Mr. J. B. gunk tone. THIS EVENING the Ballet, BACCHUS AND ARIADNE. Miss Fanny Wright, the Leclercqa, Mr. Webster, s &a After which, a new Comedy, entitled THE aOFT SEX. Mr. C. Mathews, Mr. Buckstone, Mr. Compton, ME E.Villiers, Mrs. Charles Mathews, Mrs. Wilkins, SEc. To conclude with USED UP. Mr. C. Mathews. Commence a 7. ROYAL LY CEUM THEATRE. Man ager —Mr. Edmund Falconer. EVERY EVENING, at Eight o'clock, the new and suc cessful comedy, WOMAN; or, Love against the World. Characters by Messrs. Walter Lacy, Addison, Herman Vezin, J. Robins, Mrs. h TComson. arles Young, Mrs. Weston, Miss Murray,, and Miss Lydia h Preceded by, each evening, the new and original farce entitled TILE FETCHES ; or, The Onconvanience of Single Lif e . Tim O'Reilly, Mr. Edmund Falconer; Mary O'BradY, Miss Lydia Thompson. prices as usual. Doors open at half-past 6, to commence at 7 Box-office open daily from 11 till 5. C kNTERBURY HALL CONCERTS, AND FINE ARTS GALLERY. Selectious iron the following Operas :—NORMA, TRO VATORE, TRAVIATA, MARTHA, UN BALLO IN MAQCHE RA. The Comic department comprises the Prince of Comic Vocalists, Mr. SAM COWELL, who will appear at Nine and a quarter to Eleven o'clock—Mr. Marshall — Messrs. Harvey and French, "The Nerves "—Mr. Wood and his talented Son and Miss Harriet Coveney. Musical Director, Mr. Jongtmans. Admission—Hall, 6d.; Stalls and Balcony, Is. T " O X F O R D, 6. OXFORD-STREET. EVERY EVENING. A Grand Seintim from Verdi's new opera, " Simon Boc eanea-ra" (now produced for the first time in this country), by lAis, Russell, Messrs. C. Greville, Tivoli, Greene, Morley, and Herbert ; also from Verdi's " Macbeth " by Madame Enderssohn and the entire Company. Full band and chorus. Conductor, Mr. F. .longtmans. Varied Comio entertain ments by Messrs. M. P. Foster, Sam Collins, Harvey and French (the Nerves), E. Marshall, and W. Randall. Hall, sixpence; Balcony and Stalls, one shilling. Private Boxes, 10s. 6d. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tim; DAY.—Morning, 3h. 15m.--Afternoon, 3h. 36m. To-stoßnow.-Morning, 3h. 57m.—Afternoon, 4h. 16m. THE WEATHER.-a OFFICE, SEPTEMBER 7, 1861. THER-110MISTElt, IN T3O SHADS. 71—highest since noon yesterday. 50—lowest this morning and during the night. 63—this day at noon. BAnommu-29.97. WIND—W,-N.-W.—fresh; with cloudy weather, but fine. THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING. SEPTEMBER 7, 1861 " Practical convenience," as Mr. HUBBARD obser - c. 3, " was the excuse of the financiers who operated on Finchley-common and Hounslow-heath a century ago; it is the plea of every oppressive and grasping despot ; but I did not expect to find it deliberately recorded by a member of her MAJESTY'S Govern ment as the justification of an indiscriminate taxa tion." No proof was ever attempted that Mr. HUB BARD'S plan would be so practically inconvenient as to form a reason for its rejection. The chief of the Inland Revenue Department, indeed, admitted the contrary. The other fancy is that the incidence of other taxes, of the succession duty especially, must be con sidered in any. adjustment of the Income-tax. To which our brief reply is, if any other tax be found to press unfairly on any of the classes who pay it, let that unfairness be remedied ; justifying one wrong by another is an old, but not very reputable device. But as to the Succession Duty, a landlord House of Commons had better be silent about that. It must be balanced, not with the Income-tax, but with the Legacy and Probate Daties ; when it will be found that this said Succession Duty, compared with the duties paid by the landlord class, is a feudal exemption of the latter from three to six millions per annum paid by all other legatees. We must ask, therefore, the attention of Mr. - WILLIAMS and Mr. BRIGHT to the concluding sentences of this report. A very ingenious suggestion is thrown out by an intelligent correspondent of ours in another part of our impression of this evening. It ,has reference to the Thames Embankment, with a view to the facilitation of the great and costly enterprise in volved in the task of carrying it out. Whatever may in the end be thought of the financial operation proposed by Mr. HARVEY, it is at any rate one that is entitled to impartial consideration. It possesses this advantage upon the face of it, that it is simply the application to a series of great public works here in the metropolis, of a principle that has already been acted upon with advantage elsewhere. A case in point being referred to, indeed, by name, where our correspondent alludes to the market that some years back was built at Guernsey on the same identical principle, as narrated in Mr. DUNCAN'S work on the Currency. But now as to the practicable application of this sound (and tried) principle to the furtherance of the long-looked for scheme of the Thames Em bankment—a scheme now happily at length actually within our view ! " The proposal "- I to put the matter here before the reader in the very words of our correspondent "is to get power from Parliament to issue Thames Em bankment Notes, and with these to pay the first expenses : to allow these notes to circuiate in Lon don till rents from the ground, gained from the wharfs and from the quay room, began to come in, and then to cancel these notes when presented in payment." As the writer himself remarks in regard to his own proposition, while offer ing it "It is time that public works of obvious utility should be commenced without submitting to what is hastily assumed to be an inevitable consequence—a heavy fine, pay able in the shape of interest to the monied power." Adding, " All that is wanted for a great public work like the embankment of the Thames is labour and raw material ; and as to the great requirement of money, it is only necessary to make it on the plan prepared." The suggestion is certainly not without its temptations. And—with an eye simply in g on prize— . of our with w labour TEE F All th festival of the three choirs of Worcester, Hereford, and Gloucester, are now complete, and there is every indication that the meeting of next week will be one of the most successful ever held here, thanks to the indefatigable exertions of the conductor and honorary secretary to the stewards, Mr. G. Townshend Smith. The Worcester and Hereford line was to have been completed in time for the festival, but the Government inspector has not yet certified for its opening. We have already given the list of principals engaged, and the oratorios selected. The festival will open on Thursday with morning service at the cathedral, in the choir, now just reopened, after having been closed a long time for restoration ; and oratorios will be given on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday mornings, in the nave of the cathedral, and miscellaneous concerts (including Benedict's " Undine") at the Shire Hall. A ball on Friday night winds up the festival week. We learn from a statement put forth by the committee that the proceeds of these festivals, aided by the diocesan clerical charities, have of late years in this diocese averaged to each widow £5, and to each orphan fund called the Ch urc h St re tt on within this dioc ese 147 b ene fi ces, £l5, besides a gr ant of £17910 t welve widows and c F h u i n l d d r . n, T h from e r earea with stipends below £lOO per annum. to the public good, by the speed. swards o and ad . 4 % able enter. •we wo ro; nggestior corr of those - hom - '<;out the of 441. 4 • 7 ESTI _THREE CHOIRS • EREFORD, FRIDAY. ae arrangements for the aolding of the 138th HA Y3IARKET THEATRE. o f Mr. Charles M a th ews on t h e occasion telling, mo r e effective, Alr. Charles arl e and, s of TthheefiPrrs°tmieisp7es e ntation of his comedy, " Th e S o ft S ex , ,, have been fully redee med, and th 3 play now elicits the most unbounded applause. The effect of the sh or t en i ng o f t h e piece has been to make theac in tio o n re muchas a natural consequence , the " s ituations," as they are pro fessionally termed, much Mathews's Solon Boilover is one of those fine efforts of eccentric comedy for which he is unapproachable, and Buckstone's " Biggins" is replete with comic humour. A more complete picture of a hen-pecked husband could not be portrayed than that of Mr. Compton as Mandwindle. Mrs. Charles Mathews has a very excellent part, which she evidently plays with much relish. The other parts are all capitally sustained, and a long and prosperous run for the comedy may be certainly expected. THE DUKE AND DUCHESS OF MONTPENSIER.- In consequence of the severity of the weather the Spanish war steamer Don Antonio Ulloa put back to Falmouth on Wednesday evening to await a favourable change. The Duke and Duchess of Montpensier landed, and took up their abode at the Green Bank Hotel. PLYMOUTH ELECTION.—Mr. Walter Morrison, of Harley-street, London, who is now at Pearse's Royal Hotel, Plymouth, is understood to be the candidate in the Liberal interest for the seat vacant by the elevation of Lord Valletort to the House of Peers, The Conservatives have not yet announced a candidate. The Germanic Diet at one of its late sittings adopted the proposition of the Military Commission, re commending, as a measure of urgency, the construction of sluices round the fortress of Radstadt. A credit of 339,000 florins will be devoted to the execution of the works. " If we are well informed," says the Nationalites of Turin, "the question of the suppression of passports be tween France and Daly will soon be settled. M. Bene detti has turned his attention to the matter, and has it in contemplation to reduce the number of clerks in his lega tion, who were specially employed on duties connected with that practice." The Italic of Turin mentions the rumour of a marriage calculated to strengthen the bonds which now unite Italy to Portugal, namely, that of Don Pedro V., King of Portugal, with the Princess Marie Pie, daughter of King Victor Emmanuel, now in her 14th year. FRF.NCII WAR VESSEL IN THE FIRTH OF FORTH. —The Expeditive, a French corvette of 4 guns and SO men, Capt. C. Grid, commander, came up the Firth early on Thursday morning, and anchored in Burntisland Roads, Although of somewhat small dimensions, the Expeditive has all the tidiness and minutiae of a ship of war; and dur ins her stay, which is we believe to extend to about a week, she will no doubt prove a source of attraction to visitors, numbers of whom from the Burntisland shore were cheer fully received on board on Thursday, and allowed to inspect the vessel. She comes here with the purpose of procuring fresh water and provision supplies,—k'otsman. LT . , h rl NE AMERICA. QUEENSTOWN, SEPT. 7. The Royal Mail steamship Persia, which arrived here this morning at 12.30, left New York on the 28th inst., and brings 124 passengers. She landed the English and Irish mails and 13 passengers, and proceeded at 1 a.m. All well. NEW YORK, Atro. 27. A deputation of New York and Boston bankers has left for Washington, in order to urge upon President Lincoln a vigorous prosecution of the war. The Confederate pickets have approached nearer Arlington, but no attack is anticipated. Three ladies have been arrested at Washington, as Confederate spies. The Federal Government has interdicted three New York journals from passing through the post. The Mayor of Washington has been confined in Fort Lafayette. Fort Fillmore has surrendered to the Southern ;roops. The Federal Government has appointed an agent at New York to deliver passports to travellers leaving the United States. The opinions of the English press form the lead ing topics of discussion in the New York journals. Numerous arrests continue to be made. The Hibernian and the City of Washington have arrived out. NEW YORK, Ata. 28, 11 A.M. An important expedition, under the command of General Butler, left Fortress Monroe on the 26th inst. It consisted of the frigates Minnesota and Wabash, the war-sloop Pawnee, and the gunboats Monticello and Harriet Lane, two propellers, and numerous small craft. The vessels carry 100 guns and 4,000 men. Their destination is not known. It is reported from Western Virginia that a por tion of the Federal force, under General Rozen cranz, had been surrounded and badly defeated at Summerville by the Confederates, under General Floyd. It is also reported that the confederates in North- Eastern Missouri are retreating out of Missouri, and that the Federals have left Athens in pursuit. The British war steamer Rinaldi has arrived at New York. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, AITG. 27, Evening. Money abundant; exchange quiet—on London, 1071 to 107 t. Stocks very dull ; New York Central, 731-- ; Erie, 244 ; Illinois, 641. Cotton firmer, with moderate demand; middling upland, 181- to 181. Flour and wheat in good demand ; for export wheat 2c. lower ; for corn good inquiry. Provisions unchanged. Coffee quiet. Sugar in extensive demand. Molasses quiet. TURIN, SEPT. 6. The Official Gazette of to-day contains the nomi nations of General della Rovere as Minister of War, and General Pettinengo as Lieutenant of Sicily. The Italian journals of to-day state that rumours are current that negotiations are being conducted for a marriage between the Princess of Savoy and the brother of the King of Portugal. The Popolo d Italia publishes a letter from the General Commanding at Castellamare, which con• firms that the disembarkation of the English took place solely for the purposes of drill, and had no political motives. • PESTH. SEPT. 6. The Assembly of the Comitat of Pesth has been definitively dissolved. The functions of the Obergespann of the Comitat are suspended, and the Royal Commissioner has been invested with full administrative powers. MADRID, SEPT. 6. The Madrid journals of to-day publish news from Havannah to the 10th ult., announcing that General Serrano had been received with enthusiasm. The same journals contain the following intell gence : The principal difficulties in the way of the re organization of San Domingo have been removed. The Congress of Mexico has rejected the amnesty scheme. General Ortega will follow up the reactionists. RAGUSA, SEPT. 6. About 6,000 Montenegrins crossed the frontier the day before yesterday, and occupied the town of Vanina, on the Lake of Scutari. They were joined by the inhabitants. The Turkish garrison refused to surrender, and, in order not to fall into the hands of the Montenegrins, blew up the town and perished in the explosion. The town of Zubzi was yesterday occupied by the Turkish troops. INDIA. BOMBAY, AUG. 12. Shirtings steady. Mule twist firmer. Copper tile, 59r., active, and prices advancing. Cotton, Broach, 167; Dhollera, 166. Money plentiful. Discount without change Government Securities, Fives, 951 ; ditto, Five• and-a-Half, 1021. Freights quiet-455. to 475. 6d. • Exchange on London, 2s. Old. CALCUTTA, AUG. 10. (BY TELEGRAPH TO BOMBAY•) Freights, 60s. Government Securities, Fours, 81; ditto, Five and-a-Half, 1016. Exchange on London, 2s. Oad. to 2s. Old. The indigo crop amounts to 65,000 maunds. Silk quiet ; 40's mule twist quiet, and prices declining; shirtings 2 annas lower. Rice firm. Saltpetre lower. Linseed 4 annas lower. TURKEY. The following is the address delivered by Count de Montebello at his late reception by the Sultan— Sire,—The Emperor Napoleon sends me to offer you his congratulations on the occasion of your accession to the throne, and his wishes for the pros perity of . your reign. Si re —E urope , pa i n f u ll y affected at the news of the premature death of your illustrious brother, the Sultan Abdul Medjid, has derived from the first acts and the first words of your Majesty the firm hope that the path of reforms and of progress, so nobly opened by y our august pre decessors, is about to be followed by your Govern ment with the same perseverance and with fresh energy. No one more than the Emperor Napoleon has applauded the generous intentions proclaimed by your Majesty, and no one more ardently desires their realisation. Lot your powerful hand extend its imperial protection over the subjects of every race and every religion which people your vast em pire; let the solemn engagements, ratified and re newed by you, receive in Asia as in Europe, for all and on the part of all, a complete and sincere execu• tion, and your Majesty, while consolidatin g the power which Providence has confided to you, will acquire fresh claims to the gratitude of your people and to the esteem of your allies. In the accomplishment of this noble to i Ali, for which, if it please God, a long life is reserved to you, the aid and support of France, the oldest and most faithful ally of Turkey, will never be wanting. The Emperor Napoleon has himself expressed to you his sentiments of friend ship and sympathy in a letter which I respectfully place in the hands of your Majesty." Tr e Sultan replied in the following terms : " I am very grateful to the Emperor for having in this manner conveyed to me his congratula-, tions, as well as the expression of his exalted kindness. lam not less happy that the principles proclaimed at the time of my accession to the throne, as the basis of my domestic and foreign policy, have been appreciated by Europe and par ticularly by the Emperor. It is well understood that I desire to give to all my subjects equally and without exception, protection and welfare, and that all my efforts will be directed to that end. My friends will moreover see that I shall devote my exertions to reform this country end make it pros perous. I attach, I am pleased to repeat, a very high value to the friendship of the Emperor, and my dearest wish is to see that friendship constantly increase. lam also aware of the solicitude which General de Montebello has long felt for Turkey, and I regard as a fresh proof of the friendship of the Emperor the choice made of him to fulfil this mission." FRANCE. PARIS, SEPT. 6. The Paris papers of this evening assert that an interview between the King of Prussia and the Emperor will take place at Compiegne on the 2d of October next. BOURSE.—There has been but little or no change in the tone of the market from that which was apparent yesterday—a fair business doing, and prices firm. Threes, for the Ac.peAli, are now at 69f 20c. Railways firm. The o lowing are the last quotations :- 4t per per Cents ... 98 601 Credit Fonder 1202 50 Do end month.... 98 75 I Belgian 4i 3 per Cents Do. end month 69 20 1 Roman Bank Shares 2920 I Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 760 —' Spanish Threes 49 50 Do. Account 766 25 , Home Debt RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1426 25 .. 1427 60 Northern New ditto 912 50 .. Lyons and Mediterranean 1025 .. 1026 25 Geneva Southern - Western Eastern Sardinian 362 50 .. 365 Austrian Low bard SERVIA. The following is the text of the address presented to Prince Michael by the Skuptchina on the sub ject of the succession to the throne of Servia : " Most Serene Highness and Gracious Lord— The Skuptchina, which has before its eyes the san guinary events of the last 20 years, is alarmed at the idea of the possible return of the old elective system which existed in our country at the period when legal order was destroyed. Servia enjoys the happiness of seeing the old legitimate dynasty on the throne, but the nation, not considering the suc cession to it sufficiently secured, trembles for its repose and for that of the future generation The law of 1860, on the succession to the throne, pre scribes that, in the event of the minority of the heir, the Skuptchina shall name the guardians ; but the nation, which has already felt the bitter effects of a Regency, and does not forget the rapa cities of the guardians of 1839, dreads to see its destinies fall into the hands of men who may not direct the heir with disinterestedness and con science. Your Highness is well aware that the absence of practical regulations for the succession to the throne has already cost the lives of a part of the people; and the Skuptchina, alarmed at the very idea of such a misfortune, in the name of the people calls the attention of your Highness to a subject of such importance to the country. Provi dence could not give the people a greater consola tion than by blessing your august house with a male -heir. But until the will of God shall give this joy to the nation, it prays you, for the interest of public tranquillity and for that of your princely throne, to designate a sucepssor, in order that he may be brought up in your family, and reserved under your protection for his high destinies." THAMES EMBANKMENT. A PROPOSAL TO ISSUE THAMES EMBANK- MENT NOTES. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—The banks of the Thames have ever been a re proach to London. Mud banks, tumble-down warehouses, and miserable huts deform a river which, in dry weather, assumes the aspect of a large open sewer. A proposal has been male and plans adopted by which these unsightly objects are to be replaced by a handsome river wall, and the practicability has been demonstrated by the new wall already ereoted above 'Vauxhall-bridge. But this obvious improvement has been delayed for a cen tury in consequence of the first heavy outlay. This con sideration has overweighed the fact that the rent accruing from the land gained from the Thames would bring in a revenue that would replace the first cost. I have now to propose a financial operation, which would in this case, as in all others of a similar nature, alleviate the burthen, release the community from taxation, and annihilate that everlasting lien on industry and poverty— interest of money. The proposal is to get powers from Par • liament to issue Thames Embankment Notes, and with these to pay the first expenses : to allow these notes to cir culate in London till rents from the ground, gained from the wharfs and from the quay room, began to come in, and then to cancel these notes when presented in payment. On a similar principle a market was built in Guernsey, as may be seen in Mr. Jonathan Danaan's work on currency. It is time that public works of obvious utility should be commenced without submitting to what is hastily assumed to be an inevitable consequence—a heavy fine, payable in the shape of interest to the MONIED POWER. All that is wanted for a great public work like the embankment of the Thames is LABOUR and RAW MATERIAL; and as to the great requirement of money, it is only necessary TO MAKE IT on the plan proposed. Here is a great principle, which will do more to emancipate labour from the shackles of CAPITAL, as it is called, than all the Utopian ideas afloat. I remain, sir, your obedient servant, . _ Liverpool, Sept 5. JAMES HARVEY. P.S. The Corporation of Liverpool, in 1796, got power from Parliament to issue £5-notes, which unfortunately was only of a temporary nature. ' THE BUILDERS' STRIKE.—A meeting of the associated master builders has been convened for next Thursday for the purpose of taking into consideration the measures to be adopted consequent upon the three montlis' extension of time granted them by architects for the com pletion of their contracts having expired, and also to decide on the steps to be taken in the altered position of the dis pute existing in the trade, owing to the withdrawal of the masons from the whole of their country jobs. Yesterday afternoon the bricklaying works at the Chelsea barracks were brought almost to a standstill, owing to the whole of the gauge work cutters and groin and arch builders leav ing the employment and refusing to work any longer for the contractor, Mr. Higgs, while he paid them upon the hour system. This class of men are picked from the brick layers for their superior skill and intelligence, and receive from ls. to 2s. per day more than the common bricklayers. They have been employed in cutting the arches and groins of a large tower, which, being left unfinished, the common brickworks cannot be proceeded with. The number of bricklayers now on the strike-books has, it is said, been greatly reduced within the last few days, owing to the num ber of men who have obtained work under the compromise, or on the old terms of the trade. NOVEL POINT IN THE CASE OF A MUSICAL DlRECTOR.—Yesterday (Priday), at the Judge's Chambers bail was put in on behalf of Prince George Galitzin, musi cal director and composer. The defendant, who is a prince of the Russian empire, had been arrested on a capias, as about to leave the country, which allegation he denied, and in order to obtain his discharge in the interim, £96 had been deposited with the sheriff of Middlesex. The copies was still in force, and the present application was to put in bail, in order to get the money out of court. There was a novelty in the case. The prince had petitioned the Insol vent Debtors' Court, under the protection act, and had ob trifled his protection till December next, from all process except a capias that he was about to lave the country, and hence the present application on his behalf. The bail were accepted without opposition, and Mr. Justice Keating made an order that the money deposited should be returned.— Era. Notwithstanding the heavy payments lately made for grain imported into France, the monthly account of the Bank of France to be published next Friday will, it is thought, not prove very unfavourable as regards the stock of bullion. The diminution sinco the last return up to the present time is reported to be only £40,000. The discounts, it is said, owing to the general limitation of business, will exhibit a great reduction. VACANCIES, APPOINTMENTS, Home Office.—Mr. Alfred Richard Bore has been appointed a clerk in the Census Office, Lon don, arid passed his examination. National Dent Office—Mr. Edward Charles Steb bing has been appointed to a clerkship, and passed his examination. The Admiralty.—Mr. John William Shepperd Willes has been appointed to a clerkship in White hall, and passed his examination. Mr. Stanley Welbore Daniell has been appointed to a clerkship in Whitehall, and passed his examination. The following clerks have been appointed for the duties of the new Audit Office established in Chatham Dockyard :--Mr. Juro from the Accountant's Office, Portsmouth, first class. Mr. Wood and Mr. Taylor from the Accountant's Office, Lon don, the former second class and the latter third class ; and Mr. Roberts, from the Store keeper's Department, an additional clerk in the office. The following clerks in the Accountant's Office have been selected for the duties of the new Audit Office, to be established in Devonport Dock yard :—Mr. H. B. Triscott, first class ; Mr. C. G. Morgan, second class; Mr. J. Brimson and Mr. J. o.iver, third class. Mr. Geo. Avery and Mr. Geo. E. Hurst, writers. Mr. A. L. Jack, temporary clerk in the accountant's office, to be established, vice Archer, promoted to the second class ; Mr. R. W. Weatherley, inspector of shipwrights, to be mea surer, vice Edwards, deceased; Mr. George Aiken. head, acting leading man of sailmakers, to be writer, vice Jewel, promoted. The Post Office.—Mr. Robert Charles Toombs. has been appointed a clerk in the Circulation Office, St, Martin's-le-Grand. Mr. Henry Thomas Bon fellow has been appointed a clerk at Yarmouth. Mr. William Scholefield has been appointed a clerk at Bradford. Customs—Mr. John Down has been appointed out-door officer at Liverpool. Mr. G. H. Nether wood has been appointed out-door officer at Preston. Mr. James Welsh has been appointed out-door officer at Leith. Mr. Edward Sargeant, out-door officer, second class, has been promoted to be out door officer, first class, Rochester. Mr. Charles Jarvis, sixth clerk, has been promoted to be fifth clerk, Bristol. Inland Revenue Department—Mr. George Here ford has been appointed a clerk in the Fire In surance Office, London, and passed his examination,. Mr. William James Cooke has been appointed a clerk in the Fire Insurance Office, London, and passed his examination. Mr. John Underhay has been appointed a clerk in the Fire Insurance, Office, London, and passed his examination. Excise Branch—Mr. Richard Hewby, officer of Wandsworth second division, Surrey collection, has been appointed to Harlow third division, Middlesex collection. Mr. William Thomas, officer of Harlow third division, Middlesex collection, has been ap pointed to Wandsworth second division, S urrey collection. Mr. Wm. Matthews, officer of Bandon first division, Bandon collection, has been appointed to Tullamore first division, Birr collection. Mr. William Armstrong, officer of Tullamore first divi sion, Birr collection, has been appointed to Bandon, first division, Bandon collection. Mr. Thomas B. Thompson, officer of Wrexham fourth division, Chester collection, has been appointed to Betley second division, Chester collection. Ireland—Mr. Paul Shorten has been appointed a temporary clerk in the Census Office, Dublin, Mr. Hamilton Edward Trotter has been appointed a temporary clerk in the Census Office, Dublin.. Civil Service Gazette. BIRTHS AND DEATHS. The entire increase of births, to deaths, in Eng land and Wales in 1859 was about 55 per cent. ; and there are 20 districts in which the increase was 100 per cent. and upwards; while there were some dis tricts in which the increase was less than 5 per cent. The 20 places where 100 per cent. was reached in. 1859 are :—Farnham, Surrey ; Fakeham, Sussex ; Alresford, Droxford, and Catherington, Hants; Ongar and Epping, Essex; Leighton Blizzard, Bedford; Caxton and Linton, Cambridge; Hoxne, Suffolk ; St. Faith's, Norfolk; Liskeard and St.. Columb, Cornwall; Ormskirk, Lancashire; Picker ing, Yorkshire; Easington and Hartlepool, Dur ham; Rothbury, Northumberland ; Rhayader, Rad norshire. No 6istrict of the metropolis reached the standard. but Bermondsey, where the births were 2,361, and the deaths 1,140—a surplus of 1,190 in thi s manu facturing district to the national strength. Canter bury registered but 478 births to 354 deaths, and in 1858 the births fell short of the deaths by 15. Chichester and Exeter are scarcely less dormant. So in various degrees are the other cathedral. cities. Peterborough alone is prominent es ap proaching the healthy standard (1,208 births to 660 deaths). Liverpool is bad, and the returns are de pressing -8.968 births to 8,146 deaths in 1859 - while in 1858 the deaths e - utricibered th e bi r th. b y 735. There are two towns in Middlesex —Staines and Barnet —nearly equal in population and acreage, where the widest difference prevails as regards the preponderance of births and deaths. Barnet had in 1859 a population of 14,619, in a district of 25,689 acres; in that year the deaths were 431 and the births 349. In 1858 the births were 481 to 429 deaths—in the two years an increase of 70 to its population. Staines had in 1859 a popu lation of 13,973. in an area of 24.861 acres. In 1858 the births were 501 to 296 deaths, and in 1859, 484 to 285 deaths—a surplus of 404 in the two years. SUPPOSED DISCOVERY OF THE REMAINS OF ADOLPHE KROHN.—The police authorities of the county of Surrey have received information which leads them to believe that the remains of Adolphe Krohn, one of the sus pected murderers of Mrs. Halliday, of Kingswood, were discovered a few days ago at High Leigh, near Warring ton, Cheshire. The dead body of a young man, apparently a foreigner, between 25 and 30 years old, was found in a field adjoining the high road from the south to Liverpool. Decomposition had proceeded so far that no trace of features could be discerned, but in dress, height, and every other ascertainable particular the body corresponded with the published description of Adolphe Krohn. No marks of violence were discovered; nothing whatever was found in the pockets of deceased's clothing, and it is supposed that the man must have lain down in the field and died from ex haustion shortly after the Kingswood murder was com mitted. DEATH UNDER CHLOROFORM. —An inquest was held on Wednesday evening at the Infirmary, Newcastle, before Mr. J. T. Hoyle, coroner, on the body of a man named John Cassnach, who had died on Wednesday in that institution while undergoing an operation. It appeared from the evidence that Cassnach was admitted into the infirmary on Aug. 15, under Mr. Annandale. He was in a weak condition, and labouring under scrofulous disease of the left knee joint. Amputation of the limb was proposed as the only means of prolonging his life, and to that opera tion he consented. On Tuesday morning, being operation day, he was prepared with others, for operation ; but, being in a state of great trepidation, he was ordered brandy prior to being removed to the operating theatre. On being placed on the operating table he was still labouring under consi derable alarm. Mr. Bolton, the house surgeon, in the pre sence of Sir John Fife, Mr. Annandale, and other gentle men, administered chloroform, and the patient was soon under its influence, less chleroform than usual being re quired to produce the effect. A tourniqust was about to be applied to the limb, when a sudden change was observed in the patient. There was relaxation of the sphincters, a quiver of the lips, and he was dead. Galvanism and other mea sures were at once resorted to, but without avail. The heart had ceased to beat, and the breathing continued but a few seconds longer. Mr. Bolton made a post mortem examination, and found he right side of the heart dis tended with fluid blood. Further than might be expected in a scrofulous subject there was no evidence of disease in any of the internal organs, and Mr. Bolton attributed death of paralysis of the heart, induced by fear, debility, and chloroform combined. The verdict was in accordance with the medical testimony.—Newcastle Journal. INDIARUBBER VARNlSH.— ' c hat indiarubber dis solved in various liquids yields a good varnish is well known ; but in general they are too viscid for delicate pur poses, and are only good for making stuffs waterproof. Indiarubber liquified by heat, dissolved in oil of coal-tar, or drying linseed .oil, does not give a varnish of sufficient fl uenc y, or free from smell. Moreover, a considerable quan tity of indiarubber remains undissolved in a gelatinous state, suspended in the liquid, so that the solution is never clear. Dr. Bolley has recently published some remarks on this subject which may be useful. If indiarubber be cut into small pieces and digested in sulphuret of carbon, a jelly will be formed ; this must be treated with benzine, and thus a much greater proportion of caoutchouc will be dis solved than would be done by any other method. The liquid must be strained through a woollen cloth, and the sulphuret of carbon be drawn off by evaporation in a water bath; after which the remaining liquid may be diluted at will with benzine, by which means a transparent, but still yellowish liquid will be obtained. A more colourless solu tion may be prepared by digesting indiarubber cut into small pieces for many days in benzine, and frequently shaking the bottle which contains it. Th e j e ll y t h us f orme d will partly disso lve, )ielding, a liquid which is thicker than benzine, and may be obtained very clear by filtration and excellent waterproof c om p os i t i on. A s f or t h e rest. The residue may be separat e d b y stra i n i ng, an d w i l l it incorporat es eas il y with all fixed or volatile dries very fast, an d does not shine, unless mixed resinous varnish es . I t is extremely flexible, may be thin layers, and rema i n unaltered under the veryair and sight. It may b e emp l oye d to varn i sh influence solwipiliquid s pread furnishdd itself, intt s a eo f f , ni geographical maps or taints, because it does not effect the whiteness of the paper, does not reflect light disagreeably as resinous varnishes do, and is not subject to crack or come off in scales. It may be used to fix black chalk or pencil drawings; and unsized paper, when covered with this varnish, may be writtens4 with ink,—Oalignani,