The Sun. — London, England, 1842-08-25 00:00:00

APLAIN and PRACTICAL GUIDE to the INCOME-TAX ACT, 5 and 6 Vict., cap. 35. By A COMMISSIONER. Post-free, price Is. To enable per sons to fill up their own Papers without exposure or expense, with copious information and valui.:)le instructions on abatements, aSrmations, allowances, annuities, appeals, arrears, affidavits, awards, assessments, claims, composition, contracts, debts, eva 'aons, evidence false, exemptions, expenses, fines, forgeries, Jruselwders, houses used in trade, inspection of books, arc -lions, oaths, penalties, partners, perjury, profits, rents, salaries, schedules A. B. C. D. E., secresy provisions to ensure, V% cresy (oath oTI), sets off, shops, seizures for recovery, valuations, witnesses, Scc. &c. Price One Shilling, post-free ; London : published and sold by E. Smitt,, at the Central Office, No. 6, Wellington-street, Strand, ; and W. Strange, 21, Paternoster-row. HAMBURGH, 12TH AUGUST, 184'2. n ls MAJESTY the EMPEROR of • AUSTRIA, AND. HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF PRUSSIA, Having AUTHORISED and GUARANTEED several DIS TRIBUTIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS, by which, though they are NO LOTTERIES, LARGE FORTUNES may be obtained, HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURG'', ore Selling GENUINE and WARRANTED SELECTED BONDS for the said DisTitthu PIONS. Persons desirous vo purchase may receive, PREVIOUS o giving any order, the PROSPECTUS with full PARTI CULARS, upon addressing, WITHOUT DELAY, a line to HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH. P.S.—NEXT PRUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION on 15th OCTQBER, 154.3. NEXT POLISH DISTRIBUTION on 15th MARCH, 1843. NEXT AUSTRIAN DISTRIBUTION on Ist of NEXT MONTH. SELECTION for the PRUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION on Tat JULY next. SELECTION for the POLISH DISTRIBUTION on lit MARCH next. The SELECTION for the AUSTRIAN DISTRIBU TION has already taken 'Lice, namely, on lit ofJUNE, THE DISTRIBUTION TAKING PLACE ON THE FIRST OF NEXT MONTH. THEATRE-ROYAL, ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE. THIS EVENING, AUGUST 25. Will be perforthed the Drama entitled SELF ACCUSATION.— Characters by Messrs. Oxberry, W. H. Bland, Lynne, Green, Miss Granby, and Miss Faucit. To which will be added, the Farce of DEEP AS A POST.— Tristram sappy, Mr Harley; Sally Maggs, Miss Stanley. To be followed by the Builetta of BLUE BEARD.—BIue Beard, Mr. J. Bland; snackoblack, Mr. Oxberry; Fatima, Miss Crisp; Irene, Miss Sta. ley. To conclude whh; THERESE—Carwin, Mr. Diddear; Therese, N iss Boxes, is. Pit, 2s.—Gallery, Is. Doors (met) at Half-past Six; commence at Seven; Halfprice, a Quarter before Nine . Private Boxes to be had of M r. G rogan, at the Private Box-office ; and of Messrs. Andrews, Mitchell, Sams, and Bally, at th els Libraries. - - DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. THIS EVENING, AUGUST 25. here,,rcsented Bishop's Opera of GUY .1 ANNERING IHenry B ttram, Mr W. Harrison; Julia Mannering, Miss Homer; Lucy Bertram, Mrs. Serle. Atter which, THE QUAKER.—Steady, Mr. Leffler. To conclude with the peculiarly eceentric New Drama, entitled THE: MEMOIRS OF THE DEVIL, supported by the entire Com pany. Places and Private Soxes may be had of Mr. J.:Kerschner, at the Pox ritlice, from Eleven till Four daily. ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. GRAND EVENING FETE, THIS EVENING, THURSDAY, with all the unity e Zoological, Picturesque, Music.! and Pyrs•tech nic attract (ins for which this Es;ablishment is so pre-eminently dis. tinguished ! ! The Programme of the PROMENADES MUSICALES includes a New Overture, composed for this B .iitt by Dean New Qua rilles and Wit! zes - Glee, " Hat 1 ! Star of Brunswick !"—a New Fantasia on the beautitul melodies of Lindpa ntner', Jocko "—the Duo Concertante for T ombone and Cornet, by Messrs. Mason and Hand ley—and, by part! ular desire, Beethoven's Grand Battle Sinfo. nia," with tt e double Military Band, and 350 rounds of Artillery and Musketry ! Between the arts of the Concert the Processi on o f th e T roops and Cavalcade of - Itornan Nobles over the Bridge of St. Angelo, pre. ceded by Stadolini's Grand Papal State March, composed for the Festival of Saint Petier's Day at Rome. At Dusk the Illumination of St. Peter's, followed by the Giran dola of 'Saint Angelo, with Snuthby's magnificent Pyrotechnic Spec tacles, Extraordinary Aquatic Fireworks on the Lake, and Superb Cascaet of Fire. Admission to the whole of the Day and Evening Entertainments One Shilling.—Open at Ten.—Feeding at Five —Concert at I LLU MINATION of St. PETER'S at NINE precisely. TO CORRESPONDENTS. We cannot answer the question of " G. E." it WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY. I,lorning 3 minutes after 4 I Evening lB minutes after 4. . ~ ~. ':.!' 't , . ~ ..e.: „.., , . au) At .'" • ' t h ,‘ , ... 0 ' s -:0, s- 4- -le- , ''t %. ', ' - . • .4. %., ...t , ir , • ~ ,, , i(;- . I . i:\ ,/,,,,,,, ~.„„i rir ,:-. ' • - ,•-•4 i, -. , ,j • , •7? , ,ir0 r ,g ) . 0 ,17 - ," • ite-1, ( - I j e _lietn, LONDON: 7IIURSDAY MORNING, AUGUST 25, 1842. We 'endeavoured to show on Saturday that all trade is founded on great natural facts, such as inequalities in the seasons, and differences in the productions of different countries, while the great wants of the human race, of food, clothing, and shelter are comparatively steady, or subject only to progressive augmentation ; that the great end and object of all trade is to bring into harmony these permanent and these varying facts, and that it mainly accomplishes this great and bene ficent end by buying when and where commodi ties are cheap, that is not wanted, and selling them when and where they are dear, that is comparatively much wanted. We endeavoured, therefore, to show that trade, instead of being a cause of fluctuations in the condition of society, as is continually assumed by Liberals, we regret to say, as well as by Tories, or peculiarly liable to fluctuations—like the produce of the harvest from year to year—is the very means and instru ment by which fluctuations in the condition of society are lessened, and the variations of sea sons and climates neutralized, so as to spread an equal abundance over all the families of man kind. We adverted to the influence of legis lation in preventing the complete realization of the natural and necessary results of trade, but we did not pretend, in the compass of a single column of a newspaper, to exhaust such a vast subject, or nicely discriminate the degree in which ill-considered and ill-contrived laws have caused these fluctuations in the condi tion of our manufacturing community, which we all deplore, and mome of the consequences of which now show themselves in a painful disease in the very heart of society. We propose, there fore, now to cast a hasty glance over this im portant branch of the subject. It is, perhaps, hardly worth while to interrupt the course of our argument by a reference to the opinions of our Contemporaries —certainly not with any view to enter into a profitless contro versy, but as the discussion has been forced on by their making some hasty and random asser tions, it may not be considered courteous to omit all notice of them. To our- Saturday's re marks the Post objected : One of our Contemporaries, who no doubt means very well, and wishes to show us a view of the truth which it is supposed has escaped our observation, presents us, in reply, with a very vehement panegyric upon trade, which is certainly rather stronger and more unguarded than we are prepared to admit. But, to what purpose is this panegyric given ? Are we enemies of trade ? Do we wish to throw any discredit upon trade ? Have we denied the usefulness of trade ? No ; but we think there are more ways than one of carrying on the trade of a nation. It may be carried on for the benefit of many, or only of a few. It may be carried on in a sordid, selfish spirit, or in an honourable, generous spirit. Trade is a good thing - under the gomernment of good principles and generous feelings ; but trade is not exactly the same thing as benevo lence, though one might suppose, from the language of The Sun, that there are writers who consider the terms synonymous. We pass by all the observations except those 'which concern the principle involved in carrying on trade. Far from thinking trade in any de gree synonymous with benevolence, it is, we as sert, the very reverse. Benevolence proposes, however ignorant it may be of the means, to do good to others. Trade, whatever benefit it may confer on mankind, is altogether set in motion by the desire to benefit thu trader. The latter contemplates self; the fbrmer contemplates others. What benevolence may have done to nurture, to feed, to clothe, to civilize mankind, we will not now inquire—we desire on this occasion to avoid all sneers against benevolence—but if the most enlightened benevolence that ever yet inhabited a human heart, were night and day, and day and night, to devise schemes of Human improvement, it never would effect one tithe of the magnificent benefits which trade, conducted on the principle of self-interest, has conferred on mankind. " The individual," says Dr. SMITH, " neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is pro , moting it." '' He intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invkible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention. Nor is it always the worse fur society that it was no part of it. By pursuing his own interest he frequently pro motes that . of society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it. I have :ever. known much good done by those who affected to trade for the public good." We re gard trade, therefime, almost as the reverse of benevolence; it is altogether selfish, and there is but one way of carrying it on . Th e principle froM wide]] it springs must guide it throughout. To make it advantageous it must be always car ried on exclusively with a view to self-advan- x tage, and statesmen must trust—which is war ranted by experience —that the invisible hand which brings it into life, which places the mo tive in man's breast, and instructs him in the means of gratifying it, will always, as hereto fore lead the individual, though that is no part of his intention, to promote the public happiness. We repudiate for trade all notion of guiding it by benevolence. We demand for it the most free competition amongst all classes; and we rely confidently —though we cannot see through the dark futurity what is to be the destiny of nations, on the principle of self-interest, the guiding principle of mankind—to work out the public happiness. Benevolence, it is presumed, is at the bottom of all legislation. At least, it is continually and loudly proclaimed by all the law-makers, and especially by the landlords, that they think not of themselves, they only aim at benefiting others. They do not wish to raise rents or preserve their ascendancy in society ; they only wish, by all their laws to promote the public good. They restrain the full development of the self-interest of the corn and sugar importer, and the calico and cutlery exporters, from no selfish motive, but the purest benevolence. The great practical question which these adverse principles bring before us is this—Are the fluctuations in the demand for labour in Manchester the results of the self-interest of the Manchester manufac turers, or of that benevolence which shows itself in making laws for the public good? The Times, like the Post, concludes, but we must say without a searching inquiry, that the operation of self-interest is the cause of the fluctuations, and must be corrected by benevolence. That jour nal said on Thursday, and the observations have found no inconsiderable favour with a part of the public— With respect to the real mischief, which occasions, not present distress alone, but this distress continually and periodically recurring, and which must continually and periodically recur, under the present system, whenever the demand for manufactured goods happens to be in sufficient to employ the manufacturing population—is it sufficient to say, that that evil wholly consists in the tact, that at any one given time the supply of labour exceeds the demand ? The evil which we have to re medy is not simply a fact, but a system. It consists in the circumstance, that the whole manufacturing popula tion are systematically dependent for their bread upon a source of employment which is continually fluctuating. It is not enough to say that the mischief is this or that glut of the market, and the obvious remedy is to take off the superfluous labourers, as often as they happen to be thus thrown out of employment. This would be only cutting off the cancer as often as it would grow, without permanently extirpating the malady. The real mischief is, that the source of employment is a fluctuating one ; if the surplus hands occasioned by the present case of stagnation of trade were all shipped off to-morrow, and matters thus set right, in another month or two the same evil might occur again ; or, on the other hand, the demand might increase, and new hands be employed, and these might be again thrown off (and again emigrate, we suppose), and so on ad infinitum. Be the manufacturing population large or small, the evil would still exist. The mischief, then, is the fluctuating nature of the source of employment. What is its cause ? And what is its remedy ? Its cause lies of course in the very nature of trade, but its remedy, we think, is with the master-manufacturers themselves. They might do much to mend the matter. In conse quence, we may suppose, of the increase of trade, a mill is built, which is capable of giving support and comfort to hundreds of labouring poor. Work-people, of course, are to be found ; a little colony of cottages rises round the f'actory, built by the master ; and if anything can be created by man, that village, with its horde of inhabi tants—men, women, and children—has been created, is absolutely maintained, and is kept continually increasing by, and through the sole agency of the man who built the mill. On the strength of t::e hope of subsistence held out by that mill, its in-dwellers marry and are given in marriage, just as by it also they themselves were, in their day, called into existence. This is the doing of the master-manufacturer, and as suredly he is responsible for what he has done— surely, he has undertaken, if people would but think so, to maintain those unhappy creatures of his prosperity, or, it may be, of his avarice, not only through fair weather but through foul--through employment and through the want of it—through bad times as well as the good. He has summoned them into being : is it enough to employ them when work is plenty, and then to desert them, as he must well know, and when only, they can find elsewhere no sort :of employment what ever ? We do not hesitate to say that he is bound to employ them, and that too though it be at a loss, even at every loss. We do not disguise our opinion that the relation of the master and workman--of rich and poor— has been, and is, fearfully misunderstood. And that is the cause of much of the present mischief : the spirit of trade is too much the spirit of profit and loss. ;1 These remarks strike at the very principle of trade, namely, carrying it on for a man's own advantage, and not for the advantage of others. At first we thought, in common with several of our Contemporaries, that they were the off spring of the most greenhorn ignorance, but further reflection taught us , that they are the logical deductions of the principle that the State is bound to provide for the welfare of all the people. Our Liberal Contemporaries, who advocated Lord ASHLEY'S interference with the colliers, have no right to complain of the Times for advocating an interference with the master manufacturers, by which it supposes an incomparably greater degree of misery, and of danger to society, will be prevented, than by Lord ASHLEY'S Act. His law, springing from benevolence, is to control the operations of self. interest; the recommendations of the Times have the same origin, aim, and scope. Opposing Lord ASHLEY, we can oppose the Times. We deny that the fluctuations in the demand for em ployment are caused by the operations of the self-interest of the masters. We deny that fluctuation is the nature of trade, and we assert that the fluctuations which have actually taken place have been caused by the benevolence of the legislator. The writer in the Times takes a purblind view of the whole matter, and writes as if no other person in the world were concerned in stimu lating the building of mills and the employment of hands than the mill-owner. According to his observations the mill-owner created the demand for his goods, found a market for them, and grew the cotton he was to work up, as well as make cloth. But the mere mill-owner is only one agent, or one part, of the great system of pro duction, and far from being the willing author of the derangements, he is quite as much their victim as the labourers themselves. The spinner is no thing withont the weaver, the weaver nothing without the dyer, the dyer nothing without the merchant to buy his goods, and each and all of them are closely connected with the machine maker, and must all have his assistance before they can complete a single piece of printed ca lico for the market. It betrays great ignorance in the writer of the ordinary process of produc tion, to fix the blame of fluctuation, if blame there be, exclusively on the mill-owner, when it must be shared by scores of other manufacturers or traders, all of whom contribute to the result. Let us, however, come to specific facts. There was a great demand for manufacturing labour from 1834 to 1838, or great prosperity in the land; since 1838 there has been a slackened demand; what was the cause of the brisk demand in the former four years and the slackened demand in the last? To ascribe the fluctuation to the mill- _ owners is to confound cause and effect. They built mills, they engaged hands, they manufac- _ . tuned largely, to supply a demand which they did not create. Whence came it ? It had several sources, foreign and domestic. Of the foreign we shall content ourselves with noticing one. The inhabitants of the United States, stimulated partly by the abundance of capital here which overflowed on them, en gaged in a great variety of improvements, some of them speculative ; to carry them on, they borrowed largely in Europe, particu larly in England; so borrowing they had the means of purchasing, and they purchased very extensively of our manufactured articles. Every body knows that to the end of 1836 the trade with America was most flourishing. In fact, by filr the larger portion of the loans were made in goods, tbr which the lender paid t h e manufac turer. Hence arose a great demand for manu factures, and mills and other works were erected to supply it. The demand in America gave ad- ditional employment and wages to our people, and the demand increasing at home as well as abroad required still more mills. In fact, at that period, the manufacturers could not execute the orders they received, and it was no uncommon thing for iron-masters and ma- chinists to have orders for work more than they could execute in two years. The manufacturers who erected mills to comply with that de- mand, and who drafted the surplus hands from the agricultural districts, where they were starving, are not to be blamed for having com plied with that demand, and are not, when it has ceased to be made, exclusively to support the labourers whom they employed as long as that was for their advantage. At least the loan job bers, the money lenders, and the merchants, contributed their share to the stimulus; they shared the prosperity, and should now share with the mill-owner the burden and the adversity. reputation is ofimportance, and such an expres sion should not have been undertaken unless a force could have been sent sufficient to ensure success. Captain SMITH'S detachment seems quite inadequate to cope with the large force of determined marksmen which the Boers can collect. PUBLIC 11fEETINGS.—We have heard a great deal lately of the Three Tailors of Tooley-street, who began their addres, " We, the Public," but what is their mo desty compared to that of a Newspaper Editor or a Police Sergeant, who, being alarmed at the horrible effects of a meeting of 10,000 persons, styles his indi vidual apprehensions a breach of th e public peace ? The more numerous are public meetings, the greater may be the reason for the apprehension of nervous men and women, but the less reason is there for the public, which the multitude constitute, being alarmed. Our community offers to philosophic contemplation this remarkable circumstance. The immense masses of population which are or can be gathered to a single point, quite overwhelm and annihilate all sense of individual strength. The very condition, therefore, of the community, is calculated to in spire individuals with a notion of nothingness and alarm at their own self-annihilation. Now if this kind of alarm, when it seizes hold of the Editor of the Standard, or the Chief of the Home-office, or any old woman, is immediately to be set up as a sign that the public peace is endangered, and that meet ings of the people must be prevented, it may be safely predicted that the internal peace of Great Britain is at an end. The police will never be un employed; alarm must be continual; the public peace, therefore, must be constantly threatened, and rows and riots will be endless. People should learn to accommodate themselves to their situation, and tole rate the millions, since they constitute the glory of a State which levies and disburses 50,000,0001. as taxes. Of the domestic stimulus to the same exertions, we must notice first a succession of bountiful harvests, which caused the price of wheat to fall to 365. " The four consecutive seasons, from 1832 to 1835," says Mr. TOOKE, " were singularly propitious to the growth of wheat; the wheat crop, besides, being on an extensive scale, and on an unproved state of cultivation, produced more per acre, taking the kingdom throughout, than was ever before known." Add to that a great and successive reduction of taxation by the Whigs, which left people more to expend on clothes, &c., and those alterations in our political insti tutions which inspired all classes with hope and enterprise. The people having had then com paratively little to spend on food, clothed them selves better, and their increased demands, added to the demands of the foreigner, compelled the erection of more factories. Thus arose a won derful stimulus to enterprise on all hands. No less than 104 Joint-stock Banks were started in Manchester and Liverpool ; the formation of several railroads was begun, and the activity of production was not confined to Manchester mill owners. Every part of society shared in the impulse as well as the Manchester manufacturers. The landlords and the farmers obtained higher rents and increased profits. Even newspapers, including the Times, obtained increased circula tion. All classes—the whole public—benefitted by that prosperity, as well as the factory owners; and the whole public must, and in fact does, bear the burden of the present want of employment. It is quite clear that for the stimulus arising from reduction of taxation, the legislator is re sponsible; and though is not responsible for the variations of the harvest, is responsible, by confining our people to their own soil for their food, for those excessive fluctuations which trade would have remedied. His law kept up the price of food artificially in England, it prevented the possibility of exporting any when we had a plentiful harvest, and kept corn out, by a high duty, when we had too little. The law, there fore, forbad trade to equalize the effects of vary ing seasons at home and abroad, and aggravated all the evil consequences, both of a bountiful and a deficient harvest. MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS. FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY. CITY, WEDNE2DAY EVENING. CHRONICLE.—The youth who absconded with 4001. belonging to his master was found at Cam bridgelin bed by his brother, who went in pursuit of him, and the plunder, we hear, was all safely stowed under the pillow of the runaway. The duty on foreign wheat advanced to 9s. per quarter on Thursday last, previous to which there was cleared last week at this port, at the Bs. duty, about 600,000 quarters of wheat and 130,000 cwt. of flour, and since the Ist of May, 1842, duty has at dif ferent times been paid in this port on the further quantity of 220,000 quarters of wheat, making since that time about 881,000 quarters. 'We understand that the firm of Beerbohm, Slaugh ters, and Company, general agents, but largely con nected with the corn trade, have been obliged to sus pend payment. POST.—The high and undiminished price of bread in the metropolis, as compared with the reduction in the price of wheat during the last few weeks, which is equal to nearly 20s. per quarter, is exciting a good deal of attention and animadversion everywhere. It is singular, and something worse than singular, that first class bread has only been decreasedin price about id. or at least ld. per 41b. loaf, when, according to the fall in the best wheats, the price ought only to be rigorously 6d. at most, where credit is given, 7d. per 41b. loaf. The fact seems to be, that bakers and millers, hitherto overlooked, have been one chief cause of popular discontent, by the high prices ex acted for an article of first necessity, without the slightest justification. These " rogues in grain !" SUN.—The prices of the funds remained steady until the close of business, when Consols were 92 92k for Money and for the Account ; Bank Stock, 169 170 ; India Stock, 2501 2511 ; Exchequer Bills, Old, 51 53 ; New, 49 51 prem. In Foreign Securities but little was done. The prices, however improved and Belgian were 102 103 ; Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 52+ 521 ; the Five per Cents., 102 102+ ; Danish, 83 84 ; and Brazilian, 65 66. The quotation for Mexican was 344 35. The Share Market appears to have lost somewhat of the buoyancy of yesterday, but no particular cause can be given beyond the state in which business is generally. London and Birmingham were 181 183 ; Birming ham and Gloucester, 40 45 ; Great 'Western, 853 861 ; the Half Shares, 61 611; South Western 624 631 ; North Midland, 58 60; the New Shares, 28 29 ; South Eastern and Dover, 213 22 ; Eastern Counties, 9 94 ; Northern and Eastern, 381 391 ; Blackwall, 81 9; and Brighton, 33 331 per share. The quotations for the Bonds were—Colombian, 20 201 ; Peruvian, 153 161 ; Portuguese Five per Cents., 331 34; the Three per Cents., 194 201 ; Spanish Five per Cents., 20k 21 ; and the Three per Cents. 20 201. The proposed American tariff, as published in The Sun of yesterday, has created some attention. The protection given to the manufactures of the northern States of the union against those of this country, is far beyond what had been anticipated; In viewing the present document, it must be remembered that by the Compromise Act, one tenth of the excess over twenty per cent. levied by the former tariff, was omitted on the Ist January, 1834 ; a like proportion in 1836, 1838, and 1840, one half the residue on the Ist Januaryin the present year; and the remainder on the Ist July last; so that no higher rate than twenty per cent. would now have been payable on any des cription of goods. By the present la w , if it ever come into operation, white cotton will be charged 30 per cent., dyed cotton, hosiery, and twist, each 25 per cent., an increase in the one case, for one-half, and in the others for one-fourth of the old duties. In woollen manufactures blankets of less value than 75 cents. are to be raised from 5 to 15, and above that, from 15 to 25 per cent.; hosiery and yarn 25, and raw waste over 8 cents. the lb. to 30 per cent. From the mode adopted on ca l cu l a ti on, those charges will be in reality more heavy than they appear, and as a similar advance has been in other goods, the export of wheat to America forming a con siderable item in our annual accounts, those changes cannot but prove a serious hinderence to our trade. It was announced some time since in the French papers, that an expedition had been fitted out, and had sailed for the South Seas with sealed orders. It was at the time supposed to be for,the purpose of supporting the claims of France to a portion of New Zealand, and in con sequence attracted some attention, but no alarm, from the number of our vessels in that quarter. By intel ligence from Otaheite, via the Cape, a statement is made which requires the serious attention of Govern ment. It would appear that the vessels in question arrived off that island, inveigled some chiefs on board, and by stratagem obtained a cession of the place. The Queen subsequently discovering what had been done, sent miosions to the Queen of England and the Presi dent of the United States, claiming protection. The account is given in a straightforward way, and is worthy of belief. Great as was the influence of the demand from America, it was not equal to the influence of the ' home demand, the variations in which, caused by the reduction and the imposition of taxation, and by the variation in the price and quantity of food, were the main causes of the increased de mand for manufactures in the first four years, and the falling off in the demand during the last four years. We admit the fluctuations in the demand for employment, but we contend that they were caused by the benevolent law, that they are not natural to trade, and that it is mons trously unjust to blame the manufacturer, who suffers much from these fluctuations, for having caused them. It is still more unjust to throw the blame of them on trade, which would have equalized the effects of the seasons, but was for bidden by the benevolent law-maker. The demand for labour is always contingent on the supply of food. It has pleased the AL MIGHTY to visit us, since 1838, with years of defi cient crops; the law throughout that period has forbidden us to supply as easily and as much as pos., sible the deficiency. Provisions have been rot ting in the United States and Poland. They were even cast into our own waters while our people were a-hungered. The slackened demand of the last four years was the consequence of the deficient supply of food, and that deficiency was mainly caused by the law which prohibited the people from bringing it from abroad except on terms which would not gratify the self-inte rest of the merchant. The law, then, framed on the principle of benevolence, not trade con ducted on the principle of self-interest, was the cause of the fluctuation in the demand for labour, and must bear all the blame. We see with much regret that her Majesty's troops, though the detachment was small, have suffered a severe defeat at Port _Natal, a settle ment on the south-eastern coast of Africa. The official despatch recounting this occurrence ap peared in our Evening Edition yesterday. At the period when a messenger was despatched to Graham's 'Town with the intelligence, the re maining English, not amounting, it is supposed, to 300 men, settlers and all, who had lost their cannon, had to contend behind their intrench ments, which had already been twice attacked, with a force of expert marksmen, amounting pro bably to ten times their number. The messenger states that he heard some sharp firing about Natal after he had left it; Captain SMITH, at the close of his despatch, implies that he is almost at the mercy of his opponents; it would require at least three weeks from the date of his despatch to convey assistance to him, though some was immediately despatched, and we therefore are afraid that his defeat has been fol lowed by a compliance with the demand of the Boers, to evacuate "a territory which they call their own." This is somewhat disastrous news, both for the physical loss and the additional blow, though it be a trifling one, which it gives our reputation. As far as we recollect the circumstances which have led to this conflict, they are these :—About five years ago a large body of the Dutch farmers, or Boers, of the Cape of Good Hope, being dis satisfied with the English Government, and not liking very much, we believe, the influx of English settlers and English manners, collected their cattle, their chief wealth, put their wives, children, and household furniture into their wagons, and, under regularly chosen chiefs, and a regular organization, they emigrated beyond the bounds of the colony. In quitting it, they in jured none of our compatriots, but left for their use the land they had partly fertilised. They went to seek a new home in the wilds of Africa. After wandering for some time, and fight ing some battles, they fixed themselves in the country of the Zoolas. From a chief called DINGAU, they either took or pur chased the territory about Port Natal, one of the best harbours on the coast. Here they began to flourish, and the writer of a letter in the Graham's-town paper says it " was hand some to see the pretty cottages and handsome villages of thepeaceable Dutch farmers." They established a kind of patriarchal government, of which the Volksraad, a real representation of the people, was the principal branch, and seemed likely to forget in the new settlement the les pleasant homes they had left. The emigration of these people, amounting it is supposed to between 1,500 and 1,800 families, their volun tary departure from a quasi civilisation to seek new homes in the savage wilderness of Africa, is one of the most remarkable episodes in modern history. Nor was the loss of so many opulent subjects creditable to the Colonial Government of the Cape of Good Hope. Unfortunately for the Boers, Port Natal had previously been visited by the English, some of whom had settled there. The English Govern ment now claims it as part of its territory, and hence has arisen a new quarrel between the Boers, who voluntarily departed from under our Government, and the authorities of the Cape (.1 Good Hope. It seems they cannot escape from its power. As to which party is right we will not ow venture to give an opinion ; but the first at- tempt to establish the authority of the British Government at Port Natal has been eminently unsuccessful. Lord STANLEY who, we take it for granted, authorised or sanctioned the expedition, for we remember that he stated in Parliament that her MAJESTY'S authority was to be main tained at Port Natal, will be responsible, we presume, as well as the authorities at the Cape, for this disaster. We know that it is trifling in amount, but everything that affects our military- THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, AUGUST 25, 1842, COURT CIRCULAR. WINDSOR, WEDNESDAY.—The Queen and her Il lustrious Consort took their accustomed walk in the forenoon to-day. The Prince of Wales and the Princess Royal were taken out as usual. The Duke of Saxe Coburg attended by the Mar quis of Ormonde and Colonel Wylde, left at 11 o'clock for Virginia Water, on a shooting excursion, and af terwards returned to the Castle. This afternoon her Majesty and ,the Duchess of Kent, attended by the Duchess of Norfolk, Lady Beauvale, and the Hon. Miss Murray, rode out in pony phaetons. Prince Albert and the Duke of Saxe Coburg, attended by Viscount Melbourne, Lord Beau vale; and Colonel Buckley, followed on horseback into , the Great Park. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Lady Charlotte Dundas, and Sir George Couper, Bart., will join the Royal dinner circle this evening. Mr. Martin Colnaghi had the honour of submiting to her Majesty and Prince Albert an engraving by Mr. Ryall from the profile portrait of her Majesty, painted by Sir W. C. Ross, A.R.A., of which her Majesty and his Royal Highness were graciously pleased to expres s their high approbation. The Queen will hold a Privy Council on Saturday afternoon at "Windsor Castle at half-past two o'clock. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Gloucester has arrived at B ushy H ouse, B us h y P ar k , on a v i sit to her Majesty the Queen Dowager, from her re sidence at Bagshot. M. Forti b Fortique, the Venezuelan Minister, transacted at th e F oreign-o ffi ce on T ues d ay. The Governor of the Bank of England, and the Deputy Governo r had an interview with the Chan cellor of the Exchequer, yesterday afternoon, at his official residence, in Dowing-street. M. Dedel, the N e therl an d s Mini s ter, tr ansac t e d business yesterd ay at the F ore i gn-off i ce. Sir James Graham had an interview with Sir Robert Peel yesterday. The Chancellor of the Exchequer arrived in town yesterday morning, from Ryde, Isle of Wight. In consequence of the many fatal accidents arising from the breaking of axletrees upon the railways, a gen tleman of science in Paris has applied his judgment to their preventio n , and the result o f hi s i ngenu i ty i s an arrangement, patented in this country, which fully meets the humane object in view. It is so constructed, that should the axle be broken, or in any way displaced, the carriage may still proceed upon its journey. It is a very simple and ingenious contrivance, and we are indebted to Messrs. Leslie, of Margaret -street, Cavendish-square, for an inspection of it, w h ere t h e sc i ent ifi c ma y be gratified with the means of persona ll y assur i ng themselves of its merits. - I The Dublin Evening. Mail of Monday announces that Archdeacon Pakenham is to be the new Bishop, and Mr. T. B C. Smith the Solicitor-General, STEAM UP!! THE QUEEN EMBARKS AT WOOLWICH on MONDAY, for the MODERN ATHENS ! The NELSON ! (the bravest of the brave); the HARDY! the NILE! and the VICTORY ! four powerful, safe, and fast Steam Cutters, built of Old Engliah Oak, will leave the OLD SHADES' PIER, LONDON-BRIDGE, to ATTEND OUR NOBLE QUEEN from WOOLWICH to the NORE. FARE FOR THE EXCURSION. Fore Cabin, 3s. Saloon, 53. Peel's Hams, English Roast and Boiled Beef, a Bottle of Bar clay's Porter included, Charge ls. 6d. N. B. The NILE will commence running from GRAVES END Daily, on Sept. Ist, at Eight A.M. precisely, and will leave Old Shades, London Bridge at a Quarter past Four r.m. calling at Blackwall each way. FARE—Fore Cabin, 6d. I Saloon, 9d. And No Mistake particulars in due time. . Boats daily to Gravesend Fore Cabin ls. Od. t There and Saloon ls. 6d. S back. The last Boat of this Company leb.ves at Half•past Ten o'clock. The IPSWICI.I Steam Cutter on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. Fore Cabin 2s. I Saloon, 4s. Farmers ! observe this. You will sell your Wheat this year at 40s. a quarter. Take care how you spend it—" A penny saved is a penny got." ",,,* As the number of passengers for Monday's Excursion will be limited, application for Tickets ought to be made as early as possible at the Old Shades Pier, London-bridge. g ak.."" 4 %.t . i',: - - 0 , ~.,%..-, ; t-- r i g • .. 46,1_- _ , .- ~„:-..z!'1 ,1 -', -• -. -._..-, ktrontilZbition SUN OFFICE Three o'clock. Scarcely a day passes without some additional proofs that the conduct of the metropolitan police is directly at variance with the spirit of the Con. stitution, and dangerous to the liberty and secu rity of the subject. No investigation, as far as we can learn, has been instituted into their vio lent and illegal proceedings at Kennington-com mon ; the rest of the body, therefore, naturally follow the example of the Inspectors who rode down the people, and the constables who used such unnecessary violence, add unless some measures are taken by the Home Government to abate this dangerous, system, no man's life will be safe. Is further evidence than the following required? On Tuesday two men in a frolicking manner knocked down a flower-pot in a street within the Clerkenwell district, when a policeman was sent for, and one of them by design or accident in the scuffle which ensued, struck him on the mouth with his hand. No evidence was given that the blow was intended, or that the police man had suffered the slightest injury, yet for this trifling affair, the constable, whose name is Marsh, dragged him into the road, knocked him down, and then raising him up, dashed him with great force against the road. He then re peated the act, when the man appeared quite dead, and was carried away on a stretcher. Well might the Magistrate say that "the policeman's conduct was most violent and atrocious, and with- out a shadow ofjustification." The other case is still worse, as the unfortunate victim was entirely innocent, and the wanton assault was committed by a Superintendent, we presume, on horseback. A youth fifteen years of age, was pass ing through the open space in front of the Clerkenwell Sessions-house, on his way home from the City, and while there, says the corres pondent of a Tory Contemporary, " a cowardly brute, mounted on horseback, rode up, and with a violent blow of his truncheon struck the un offending individudl senseless to the ground; when partially recovered, the monsters (mean ing the dismounted force) showed him no com passion, but told him to go round by the City- road. This he did, was laid on a soia, and was immediately seized with vomiting, uttering wild and incoherent expressions." And are such deeds of atrocity to be endured in a land of liberty, and committed, too, daily by men paid by their victims to preserve the peace ? No exertion appears to have been made by the Police Commissioners to discover the unmanly assailant, for all the satisfaction the father of the youth could obtain was, that if the man could be identified every assistance would be rendered. Now, this is pure mockery. Can there be any difficulty in ascertaining who the Inspector was, when the deed was witnessed by, perhaps, fifty of the men, and the Commissioners know what mounted officers (probably not more than one or two) were on duty at that spot? Sir R. PEEL would do well to look into these proceedings. He has the credit of having established this new force, and if he abet such unconstitutional con duct, the public will justly say that his object was to break the free spirit of the people, and maintain his political principles and a Tory Go vernment by means of brute force. We have adyices from Madrid of the 17 instant. General ZURBANO, of whose cruelties Europe has heard so much, is to be rewarded for his recent services by the title of Marquis of GIRONA. The Infanta Donna CARLOTTA ap pears not to have been idle during the short period of her stay in the Spanish capital. Her Royal Highness's genius for match-making is thus alluded to by the Castellano—a journal which rarely supports the measures of the RE (ENT. It appears that ESPARTERO had good grounds for removing her from further commu nication with the young Queen Donna ILA- BELLA 11. :- " It has come to our ears that certain intrigues, to which we alluded in one of our previous numbers,' have had no small share in producing these disagree ments—intrigues contrived, if not by the uncle and aunt of our Queen, at least by their partisans. It is known who put into the hands of the Queen a certain little box, in which the portrait of her cousin might be discovered on touching a spring. It is known who informed her Majesty of another se cret spring in a bracelet, under which had been concealed a lock of hair. It is known who brought about a certain meeting in the Re tiro, and the change of fans, i n w hi c h th a t l e ft w ith the Queen contained a letter written in sympathetic ink. It is necessary to know these and other similar little things before the acts of the Royal Guardian can be judged correctly. Our august Queen is still in the age of innocence, and both those who contrive these intrigues, and those who contribute to their execution, are worthy of the most severe censure. At present it is not in contemplation to choose a husband for her Majesty. In two years hence it will be quite another thing, and then they may bring into play the means which they have now so prematurely begun to employ. In these occurrences in the Palace there are very serious consequences involved. Not only the Gnar -1 dian of her Majesty, but the Regent of the kingdom, and the Government, have had to interfere in these disagreeable affairs, and our impartiality requires that we sincerely eulogise their conduct." On the Madrid Bourse, on the 16th, two bargains took place in the Threes, for a millions of reals at 21f 11-16 for sixty days, and eleven bargains in the Fives for 7,460,000 reals at 27 for cash, 272 for sixty days. Two bargains in the Debt without inter est for 7,399,429 reals at 5 13-16, 51 for fifty-six days. Exchange upon London, ninety days, 371. The Paris papers of Tuesday contain little or no intelligence of moment. No doubt existed that the Regency Bill would be adopted, without any amendment, by the Chamber of Peers. The Commerce states that the KING sent one of his Aides-de-Camp to M. THIERS to thank him fbr the support he had given that measure. , The Bill is expected to pass the Chamber of Peers on Saturday, when the KING will come to Paris to give it the Royal sanction. The Duchess of ORLEANS is so far recovered as to be able to go to Eu with the Royal family, where, with her children, she will pass the [remainder of the summer. There is little new. in the leading articles of the Paris Journals, which are for the mDst part occupied with the schism be tween M. Tux Ens and M. ODILON BARROT. Tile only extract we shall give ;is from the Siecle, which, being the reputed organ of the ODILON BARROT party, its statements and opinions have a certain degree of weight on the present occasion. Replying to the assertion o f the Constitutionnel, that it is a calumny on M. TRIERS to say that he was actuated in his vote on the Regency question by any desire of place, or other motive of ambition, the Siecle says : ‘: We accept these declarations as true. We have alieady declared that, although we cannot explain the unlucky speech spoken on Saturday, we put no cre dence in those calculations of an impitient ambition, `hy which others attempt to explain it. A zeal purely dynastic has therefore influenced M. Thiers, but he must allow us to say that• this zeal has led him astray on this occasion. He believed the danger to be too great, too imminent ; he appeared to distrust far too much the wishes and strength of France ; he has morally weakened, rather than strengthened, in the eyes of Europe, that dy nasty which is dear to him, by coming forward, in the name of its safety, to try and force the convictions of the Left on the Regency Bill. The new monarchy is not so weak and so threatened as some of its de fenders appear to think ; its existence does not depend on a difference of opinion —on an accidental and spe cial question ; and as long as it remains faithful to the contract of 1830, it can support, unendangered, the test of the free discussions of the tribune. Were the Chamber no longer to discuss with full independ ence, and no longer to vote according to its con victions, then the monarchy would be weak, and might be considered in danger. We believe that the free and regular play of the constitutional institutions gives it a much greater and more real strength than vain demonstrations obtained from fear or complaisance. As to the invitation which the Con stitationnel addresses to the Opposition, to remain in their place, not to allow themselves to be drawn away by the suggestions of extreme parties, and to show themselves what they are—devoted to the Govern ment and to the institutions of July—let it set its mind at rest ; we are accustomed to resist suggestions of this kind, as well as to brave injustice. Calumniated and abused yesterday for having persisted, as much as we could, in the alliance of the Left Centre, we may be so again to-morrow without being moved by it. The difficulty is not to resist one's natural adversaries, whatever means they take to intimidate or persuade, but to tell the truth to one's friends when it is dis pleasing to them. We have fulfilled this last-named duty, and we shall not hesitate at any other." The Alsace of Strasburg gives an interesting ac count of the arrival of the Duke de Nemours in that city on Saturday last, between four and five o'clock. The Prince, having been met at Kcenigshoffer by a post of honour and a body of citizens, entered the town thus escorted, by the Porte Nationale, where he was received by all the civil and military authorities of the city and department, and attended to his hotel amidst the acclamations of an immense assemblage of people. On entering his apartment, he received all these authorities, and replied to their ad dresses with perfect tact and propriety, seeming, by his affability and self-possession to have overcome that reserve and timidity which he had previously felt became him as a younger brother, of the Prince Royal; his conversation being carried on in conformity with the official characters of those whom he addressed. All left his presence with the conviction that he was worthy of being a brother of the Prince Royal. At six o'clock his Royal Highness retired for a short time to prepare for the dinner, to which about seventy guests were invited. The Alsace, in another article, states that the Duke in a conversation with M. Champy, the Deputy Mayor, on the dispositions of the inhabitants of Strasburgh, said—" I know that they are good and loyal ;" to which M. Champy replied, " Yes Monseigneur, and have a true German spirit." "With the hearts of Frenchmen," added the Prince. Conversing in an other group, among which was the Mayor of Colmar, on the military spirit of the Alsatians, the Prince re marked that the Bth Hussars, a regiment which had distinguished itself in numerous brilliant actions, was entirely formed of men from Alsatia, and named seve ral superior officers who had been promoted from it. This proof of his possessing a good recollection of persons was further strengthened by recognising among a crowd of others, and addressing him by his name, an officer whom h e had not seen for nine or ten years. BOURSE—PARIS, TUESDAY, ATM 23. _ First Highest Lowest Last Price. Price. Price. Price. French 5 per Cents.... 119 45... 119 45... 119 35... 119 35 3 per Cents 76 60... 78 65... 78 60... 78 65 Bank of France 3270 —.3270 ...3270 .. 3270 Belgian Fives 1840 lO3 —. 103 —. 103 - —. 103 - Spanish Active 221 —. 22 —. 211 —. 211 Passive ——. 3/ ... 4 —. 3i —. 4 New Deferred 9 . 91 —. 9 ... 91 Neapolitan Roman ' lO3l —. 1031 . 1031 —. 1031 RAILWAY SHARES. St. Germain 837 50... 837 50... Versailles, R.B .. . 285 ... 285 L.B 9O Rouen Strasburg to Bale 2OO 837 50.- 837 o 0 -.285 .- 285 ... 91 25... 90 ... 525 ... 525 ... 200 ... 200 ... 91 25 ... 525 ... 200 EXPRESS FROM PARIS PARIS, AUG. 24. Constantinople letters of the 7th, brought by the Levant Mail, do not corroborate the death of Prince Katnram, nor bring any news from Persia. The change of Ministry, and the super seding of Izzet by Kosrew; was still but a ru mour, though a general one. The Due de Broglie had read his Report on the Regency to the Commission. He and Count Mole will both support the law. The Duc d'Harcourt propoies an amendment in favour of a female Regent. The Chambers will be prorogued till the 9th • of January. Three per Cents., 78f. 75c. Madrid news of the 17th is unimportant. MONEY and COMitiERCIAL NEWS. CITY, QUARTER TO THREE. This is Account day in the English Market, but the small amount of speculative business, and the trifling fluctuations since the last settlement, render the present of no moment. Money has been ex ceedingly abundant, and can with difficulty be employed even at one per cent. ; consequently the rate of continuation from Account to Ac count has not been more than *to per cent. Very little has been done to-day, but prices have ad vanced, and the market is firm. Consols. are 94 921 for Money, and 921 928 for the Aecount 14th Oct. Three per Cents. Reduced, 92* 924 ; Three-and-a- Half per Cents. Reduced, 104. 101 fr ; New Three and-a-Half per Cents., 1008 100 C; Bank Stock has declined to 168/ ; Exchequer Bills, Old, 51 53 ; New, 4Q, 51 prem. The Foreign Market is flat. Dutch Two-and-a- Half per Cents. have been sold at 52* ; the Five per Cents., 1024 ; and Chilian, 89. The quotations for Mexican are 34/. The Share Market has been without business, be yond a purchase in Great Western Half-Shares, 61+ ; Blackwall, 82 ; and York and North Midland, 88. No bargains have been made in Bonds, except one in Colombian at 208, and one in Spanish Three per Cents., 20. The letters by the Great Western have been deli vered ;. but during the short time which has elapsed between her departure and that of the British Queen, the intelligence presents no new feature. PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT ONE. R A ILWAYS. Paid. Per Share. Great Western Ditto New London ane Brighton . 50 London and Blackwall Manchester and Leeds ... 70 Ditto New Shares York and North Midland 5O - MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, AUG. 24.—We have again had a very dull Market for Railway Stock, but there is an improving demand for Shares in our local Banks. Rochdale Canals, 54 ; Union Bank of Manchester, 74 to 8 ; Manchester and Salford Banks, 10i to 10f ; Bank of Manchester, 3 to 31. CORN AVERA GEts. GENERAL AVERAGE PRICES OF BRITISH CORN, For the Week ended Aug. 20; 1842, made up f rom the Returns of the Inspectors in the different Cities and Towns in England and Wales, pet Imperial Quarter. Wheat s6s. 51 I Oats Barley 9Bs. J. Rye AVERAGES OF THE LAST SIX WEEKS. Wpek ending WHEAT. BARLEY.' OATS. I EYE. I BEANS. I PEASE July 16 65 8 27 4 22 ot______ 38 6/ 34 10 35 5 23 65 4 27 10 21 6 26 5 35 1 :34 0 30 63 9 28 0 21 5 34.9 34 7 33 10 6 6l 3 27 6 20 6 35 11 34 1 32 11 13 20 56 5 26 9 19 5 32 9 33 8 33 11 -MPERIAL AGGREGATE AVERAGES OF THE SIX WEEKS Wheat 615.106. Oats ........ 21s. 106.1 Beans ...... ...344. 56 Barley..., O I s. 7d. I Rye DUTIES ON FOREIGN CORN. Wheat lls. Od. 1 Oats Barley THE MARKETS.—(THIS DAY.) COLONIAL MARKET. The prices of produce were tolerably steady, and a fair Lusiness was done, but the markets are still in fluenced by the disturbed state of the country. TEA MARKET. Very little business done, and prices quite nominal. but sound Common Congou could not be obtained below Is. 8/d. per lb. The deliveries continue very good. TALLOW MARKET. Prices much the same, with little business doing either by the chandlers or soap-makers. P. Y. Candle on the spot 475. 9d., and for delivery 48s. 3d. per cwt. WHITECIIAPEL HAY MARKET. There was a moderate supply, with a very fair trade, and prices firm. Clover, 21. lOs. to 51. 10s.; Hay, 21. ss. to 4L 4s. ; New Hay, 3L to 41.; Straw, 11. 10s. to 11. 14s DEATH OF LORD GRAY, OF KINFAUNs.—This Noble Lord died at Edinburgh last week, in his seventy seventh year. His Lordship was the fourth son of the twelfth baron, by the daughter and heiress of Blair, Esq., married, 1797, daughter of Major James Johnson, succeeded his brother in 1807, was one of the Representative Peers of Scotland till August 1841. His Lordship is succeeded in his title and estates by his el& st son, the Hon. John Gray (now Lord Gray), married, in 1833, daughter of Lieutenant-Col. Ainslie. The present Peer is a Deputy-Lieutenant of Perthshire. CRICKET.—The match between the 11 of Notting ham and 11 of All England terminated yesterday in the defeat of the former by 10 wickets. The total number scored of the 11 of All England in:their first innings was 228; in their second, 5, with no wicket down. The Not tingham 11 scored in their first innings, 122; in their secofid, 110. SUM MOH OF NEC AND Pubttc tiltoll. " Who runs may read." FOREIGN. rail' cf There is not much news in the. Paris Jou_ t o Tuesday. The King went to Paris on -Monday, f give audience to the deputation of the Chamber ° Deputies which was to present to his Majesty the Fe' gency Law, adopted by that assembly. On this ek°; c c casion, the King, dressed in his regal robes, had t his seat on the throne, where, surrounded by his Ministers, and Aides-de-Camp, he received the 13 from the hands of M. Sauzet, with whom be,,° : c changed gracious acknowledgments. - Upward s °I j Deputies were present at the reception. The French squadron, under Admiral Hugon, lu. rived at Ajaccio, in Corsica, on the 13th inst. it c d °n ' -' s sisted of eight ships of the line, two frigates, an, p , steamer, carrying together 11;000 men, and 910 Pee;) of artillery.t ,The squadron was to remain at -ICI° until the 22d. positi ve s The Debats contradicts, in the mos t manner, a report which has been afloat for some ag#, of the hospitals of Paris being filled with patients 6 e ,`" tacked with typhus and cholera. This j o urnal ciel" t the and with perfect truth, that the sanitary stat e n n if capital is not unsatisfactory, and that there are the usual intestinal affections common to the SeSql); with a few cases of typhoid fevers brough t on 11 excessive heat. Our accounts from Madrid are of the 16th instLere Some disorders had taken place near iilicant,oll.cts the inhabitants of four of the ve neighbouring distelo. had combined and joined in an attack on th e Go o f meat salt-works. The assailants succeede d in c 7-1,1 ing off a large quantity of salt. The Political tioa repaired to the spot, at the head of some t roops, succeeded in arresting the principal leaders. „' ins t. The Constitucional of Barcelona of the 17th contains a despatch of the Minister of War t° t the Captain-General of Catalonia, announcing tht'noler Regent had conferred the Grand Cross of the vfoi of Isabella the Catholic on Brigadier Zurbiteal having pacified the province of Gerona. ounces The Frankfort Gazette of the 21st inst. ann,ntel that the Legislative States of Holstein had seta the following resolutions with regard to the P ss u:or of their debates :-Ist question.—Shall the e 7jor petition the King to render its debates public 7 b a ll lied by a majority of 33 to 12. 2d question.---'ost reporters be admitted into the Hall to give an ac o r of the proceedings ? Negatived by 36 agains t 'that Accounts from Naples of the 9th inst. stateeses on the preceding night the King, Queen, Pri,_ e „, e t ise of the Royal family, and the Infant Don t he and the Princess Amelia, his wife, sailed in sen t Vesuvius ship-of-the-line for Messina, .to bef re tto• at the celebration of the feast of our Lady of P ° : t heir Five frigates and a steamer formed the escort of Majesties. T D eritd The Prussian State Gazette publishes an -. 13 " o f * ukase of the 6th ult., decreeing the constr uction 4 4 4 stone bridge across the Neva, which is to be bet by means of a loan, the capital of which i s to be auty , imbursed out of the proceeds of an additionairbost of 11 per cent. on all goods entering the halo% of St. Petersburgh after the Ist of Januar)", s at or which might be lying in the Customs' stere that period. - MONEY—TRADE—COIVIDISRC°' oral The coal-whippers on the river ma de a g e oill strike yesterday, and resolved to cease from w°r,:h,,ns they obtained a penny per ton, clear of all decineivecl as formerly, for their labour, and should be enVout direct from the landing places along shore, wi any interference from the " middle-men." , There In Cork the sale of spirits is unusually alsc- i !'„„ are at this moment no fewer than 3,000 puneiL e ",; e of the hands of the distillers, without any alVar3-- their being expeditiously b ghout. The Kidderminster carpet manufacturers nrehnoses a brisk trade just at present, but other ware are, for the most part, dull. PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS' country A number of Italian gentlemen in this to have formed themselves into a Committ ee for the PO, pose of erecting a school, and giving gratuitoastoys cation to the minstrel mendicants, or Italia n he who are so constantly seen exhibiting on the g " ways. About 200 children are already re ceivin 1 ' benefits of this plan. ECCLESIASTICA L . y ) cration of the five newly-elected Colonial Bishop took place in Westminster Abbey. At the env sion of the sermon, delivered by Dr. Coleri d g t e e d in ex-Bishop of Barbadoes, the Bishops elect, yes, vet their rochets, were presented to the Bishops stinga_g the Primate, and shortly after put on the eplaOr habit, and received the imposition of hands. week ; since whichL ing for the season. NAVAL AND MILITARY. Lord Alfred Paget's iron yacht Mystery gal, _ ,t the COrose:6 the principal prize at the Royal Cornwnil regatta la LAW A ND poLICZ. James Bennet Thom p- , formerly warehouseman in Wood-street, Chean 'on time a partn er pside, and at one in the firm his L or dship has given up yacht of Mottram, Williams, and Co., Pa ss , t his examination yesterday in the Bankruptcy Cc'tlthe His debts and liabilities amount to 5,800/, and —. assets realised by the assignees are 16.51. R SPOTING. Sussex, with the aid of Pilch, plays All ng next Monday and Tuesday at Brighton, for the bene of the veteran bowler, William Lillywhite. COURT---FASNION.ELBLE. al The Duchess of Hamilton leaves Poem an'sn this day for Germany. The .Marquis and Marchioness of Westminster lea Grosvenor House to-morrow for the Isle of Wig h r t a f or The Earl of Jersey left Berkeley-square yeste for The Middleton Park. Earl and Countess of Tyrconnell have g° i ' e t° Kiplin. Castle, Yorkshire. The Chancellor of the Exchequer arrived in t° l° yesterday from Ryde, Isle of Wight. r the Lady Stratheden has purchased the mansion n„j, late Lord de Dunstanville, on the Kensington" The Duke and Duchess of Northumberland 3_,,l.e.sge pected in town to-day, to be present at the sat' of Lord Prudhoe. up hi' The Marquis of Westminster has made mind, not only to reduce his splendid racing stvd but to retire from the turf altogether. , s ter - Barom Dimsdale arrived at Mivart's Hotel day from Crnpfield-place, Hrts. ic ed The Earl a and Countess of e J Galloway ha ve r at Galloway House, Wigtonshire, from town. :MISCELLANEOUS. po i a ce The southern conservatory at B u ckinghau l ," tart has beet' commenced to be pulled down, 1 rvo pre or e. to the construction of the Chapel Royal, by 3r: ~,i rg h Lord Francis Gray, of Kinfauns died at Pl'7o), on Saturday last, aged 77. The Hon. J Ollll The born in 1798, is his eldest son and succ essor• ttio deceased Lord was for many years one of th e S eep Representative Peers, but at the last electio n of his Lordship retired favour of Lord Rolle. nearly Raffaelle's frescoeWn the Vatican occur' - ` ‘ , n ot 12 years of that painter's life, and some few finished at his death, in 1520. Lord de Duns, l 7, r ies t had copies made some years ago of this gran ° o f and on his demise they came into the posses%ool .Lady Bassett, who presented them to the 1 ' eO - Volpato and Ottaviani have since n o graved them. Francis, Duke of Bedford, Presecor, to the Royal Academy the seven copies of the toons by Sir J. Thornhill, now in their pessessi°ll. SPORTING, INTELLIG.- -a— NCE. (RECEIVED THIS DAY.) YORK RACES (CortcLuDED).—T eE r7 -- y . C. , Two years old Stakes, of 20 sovs. each. -`.,,T* Noble) Mr. Cooke's Trueboy ......... (G. - '2 Mr. G. Clark's Era ......................................... 3 Lord Eglinton's Telegraph Capt. Harcourt's Sir 4 Mr. Bell's Zora ....... Her Majesty's Plate of 100 guineas. Thre, ,„ to ) 1 Mr. Lancaster's Alice Hawthorn, 4 yrs. (Teroln e " -- 2 Mr. Allen's Margaret, 6 yrs .. . ....... ....................... 3 Mr. Kitching's Priscilla Tomboy, 3 j'rs ................... 4 Mr. Cooke's Water Lily, 3 yrs .......... , .......... .... 1 , 11 ,11. The Members' Plate of 50/. Heats, one wile an 1 Mr.. Osbaldeston's Woldsman, 3 yrs....(Ba ker) 4 2 !. 1 Mr. Milner's Humphrey, aged .................... 2 3 - Mr. Allen's Cayenne, 3 yrs ....................... 1 4dr .................................................. . 0 Mr. Richardson's Aurum, 3 yrs .................... y. NORTHAMPTON RACES.—WE D ° ear 'k 1 . 5 ft., The Northamptonshire. Handicap of 25 sous. and 5 only if declared. Two rages . . un )l Mr. Collins's Rochester, 3 yrs (S. Darlivg9 J 2 Mr. Bell's Thirsk, 4. yrs .................................... 5 Baron Rothschild's cby Sir Hercules, 3 yrs ......... Hqr Majesty's Plate of 100 guineas. gelds. 0 1 Duke of Richmond's The Currier, 6 yrs (Rogers) n. 2 Mr. Wreford's 'Wardan, 5 yrs ........................ The Yeomanry Purse was won in two heats / I • Bull's Midnight. GREAT NORTH OF ENGLAND BAILWO;,,. Truffle returns for the week ending Aug. 20, 1842 Passengers • Merchandise 438 5 10 £1,507 13 4 Corresponding week last year ....£1,455 14 1 1 Darlington, Aug. 24. W. O'BRIEN, Secretary. hli e A HARD HEAD.—An athletic black man, '%B carrying a hod in a building down town, was struckJd his head by a salmon brick which fell from the s coff ' nearly two stories high. " Look out up dare, how Y c frow your bricks," vociferated the hod carrier, "g ue . - you want to kill dis nigger." 'What is most strange Is, that the man was not even stunned, and the brick wi L5 broken in two by coming in contact with his head.-- Philadelphia Gazette. -4 On ttp an to St 4 POI Op] are Opi Tr r 0 tw, 43t itit ti th; JO a -tV ter, 04 bee eve te r al