The Sun. — London, England, 1856-10-06 00:00:00

PRINCE'S CLUB.—RACQUET an d TENNIS COURTS, Hans - place.Belgrave-square.—Th e Racquet Courts of this Club are NOW OPEN, comprising three close and two open courts. Gentlemen desirous of becoming members are requested to forward their names to the secretary, at the club. By order. It. CLEME %ITS, Secretary. GUILDHALL, 29th September, 1856.—The Committee for Letting the City' s Lands will meet at Guildhall on WEDNESDAY, the Bth day of October next, at One o'clock pre cisely, to receive Proposals for a Lease of a House, No. 27, Banner street, and several Houses. Nes.l to 9, in York-place, Banner-street, Finsbury. Also to receive. Proposals for a Yearly Tenancy of a limas% No, 3, Hiltspur-Strrast. Plans of the property ',nay be seen, and forms of tender obtained, pon application at the Architect's Office, Guildhall. FERDENAND BRAND, Comptroller. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.- EXCURSIONS to the SEA SIDE , commencing July 30, ending 15th October.—Tickets, avail a bl e b y any traiin for 28 days, are issued to Isle of Man, Bangor, Llandudno, and Carnarvon, via great Western and Shrewsbury Railways, to Birkenhead and Liver. MA, thence by any of the steamers leaving Liverpool for the Isle of Alan, or to Bangor, Beaumaris, Llandudno, and Carnarvon, by the Prince of Wales steamer, every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. FARES THERE AND BACK. Ist Class and 2d Class and abin Be P ram London to Isle of M an £3 o Best C 0 .. £2 st 5C abin 0 . Oxford to ditto ..... • • London to Bangor, Beaumaris, Llan dudno, and Carnarvon 3lO 0 .. 210 0 Oxford to ditto ditto ditto 2lO 0 .. 115 0 gPassengers must return from the Isle of Man by the same Com anY's boat that they proceed there by; also from Carnarvon, Llan }Ono, Beaumaris, and Bangor, by steamers, on Monday, Wednes ,llY, and Friday. They may on their return stop at Llangollen, but rjust complete their journey within 28 days from the date of ticket. T hese tickets are available by any Train, bat are not transferable. 9REAT WESTERN RAILWAY.- . TOURISTS' TICKETS (Great Western, Hereford, and South These Railways) available for Three Weeks from the day of issue. ,"-Lrese Pickets will be issued until the 15th October, at Paddington, FAford, or Leamington, over the Great Western Lines, via Glouces ler, to Ross and Hereford, and over the South Wales Line, to Milford Raven, and back, with the liberty to stop at Ross, Hereford, Chep- W, 6 t° Neath, and Carmarthen. Fein. Ist Class. 24 Class. From r endon and back.... £3 10 .... £2 10 Leamington and do • . • • 215 .. • • 2 0 Oxford and d 0.... .. • Tourists' Tickets are available by any train, but are not trans ferable, and they do not entitle the holder to travel twice in the same direction over any portion of the lines of railway. GREAT WESTERN and SHREWSBURY RAILWAYS. NORTH WALES TOURIST TICKETS available for Three Weeks iFom the day of issue. These tickets will tp issued gull' the-15th OctOhitnitt 'Peiddrngton, ord, Att:rmitighafk- and Wolverhampton; to • Chester and back, tllliermisslon for the passengers to stop at Shrewsbury either going Or returning, to proceed either from Llangollen-road to Cornwen, or ingfrom Oswestry to Welshpool by coach, the London passengers hav the opti on of calling at Leamin g t on and Warwick, and returning L either via Shrewsbury, Herefo, Gloucester, or via Shrewsbury, Birmingham, and Oxfor d Ross, and • Fares. let Class and 2d t i bias and Prom London and b ac k .. loslnside Coach. O'atside Coach. Prom Oxford and b ac k • • •• • • ...... 2 10s. .. • • 1 .. £2 15s 10s. P rom Birmingham a n d b ac k 2 Os, .. • 1 10s.. P rom Wolverha m pt on and back .. 1 133. .. • • 1 73. These tickets are available by any train, but are not transferable, arid they do not entitle the holder to travel twice in the same direc tion over any portion of the lines of railway. Corwe o Passn engers can proceed. into the interior of W a l es b y coach from r fr om those Welsh s pool, by arran gemen t w i th the coach proprietors place. TEM TIMES FIRE ASSURANCE At an Extraordinary General COMPANY. Meeting of the Proprietors of the abov e Company h e ld at the Head Office, 32, Ludgate•hill, London, on the Ist October inst ., the following Resolution was unanimously Passed : "Resolved —That inasmuch as the number of shareholders re (Wired by the 13th clause of the deed of settlement of this company, in order to c onstitute an extraordinary general meeting of share holders, is mow present ; and inasmuch as the proper notices of this Meeting. to increase the capital, have been issued to the shareholders and inserted in the public journals; and, inasmuch as an increase of the capital of this company is deemed expedient and necessary, the same be, and is hereby, increased accordingly, from the sum of 1 00,0001, to the sum of 250,0001. • and further, th a t th e new capital be offered to th e present shareholders at the rate of one share for every one share nr.sw held by each such shareholder, all calls hitherto Made having been paid, but that each shareholder shall signify his intention of taking each new shares within one month from the date Of the notlee offering such new shares," Oct. 2, 1866. H. B. SHERIDAN, Manager. 1 ROYAL E A.D. 1720. EXCHANGE ASSURANCE (Estcblished b CORPORATION, For y Charter of his M a j es t y G eorge the First), OFFICES— SRA, FIRE, LIFE, a n d ANN UITIES. ROYAL ECHANGE, B RANCH OFFICE X-29, PALL-MALL.LONDON. Octavins Wigram, Esq., Governor. G eorge Pearkes Bar c l a y, E sq., S u b -Governor. Sir Johll William Lubbock, Bart., Deputy-Governor. DIRRCTO3,B. gd s n ainblidge,Esq. ond S. P. Calvert, Esq.' tohn Garrett Cattley, Esq. William Maxw Daniel, Es Davidson,nsq. .P.etzaticle,r Druce, Es q . llfiversdele Wm. Grenfell, Esq. obert Amadeus Heath, Esq. 7 1111 aItt Tetlow Hibbert, Esq. LanesV Stewart Hod rson, Esq. celot Holland, E'.4q. merles John Manning, Esq. 21(EDIC4L REFEZEE— SamueI Sony. Esq., F.B.S. Xottca.—The usual fifteen days allowed for payment of Fire Pre. khloas falling due at Michaelmas will expire on the 14th October. POrati VIRE and LIFE ASSURANCES may be effected with this Cor on 011 advantageous terms. L in the Lif e Department, assurances are granted with. participation ' I Profits, or. at lower Premiums, without such participation. 31 st T he follow/ n g t a bl e s h ows the large BONUSES teclared up to the D eceulber, 1855, on British Participating Policies of fourteen Years , standing, for the sum of 1,0001. each. Hon. John T. Leslie Melville. Henry Nelson, Esq. Edward Howley Palmer, Esq. Sir John Henry Pally, Bart. Alexander P. Prevost, Esq. Abraham George Robarts, Esq. Charles Robinson, Esq. William Soltau, Esq. Thomas Tooke, Esq. William Wallace, Esq. Charles Baring Young, Esq. 4 , g0 IkS Ilen Spred. Addition made in 1848. Further Addition .In 1855. Total Addition Per Cent. per annum on the slim Assured. Per Cent, en the Premium paid. 0 . 20,061.) PUBLICATIONS. Just pnblieJsed, No. Y/. of the NATIONAL REVIEW CONTENTS I. The G own ' s Consp i racy. 11. Crim e i n E ngland, and its Treatment. 111. Victor Cou s i n on M a d ame do Ilautefort and her C ontempo• raries. IV. Percy Bysshe Shelley. V. De Foe as a Novelist. VI. Italy. VII. Sydney Dobell on the War. VIII. Personal Influen e—Carle eNewman— Ix. on our Pr esent Theology: Coldg. .11. List of Emetic Works suitable for Reading Societies. Price Five Shillings. London : Chapm an and Hall, 193, Piccadilly. I The Third Edition. Just P u b lished, price 55., by post,:L___— free, 58. 6d. 0N TRITE dz FALSE SPERMAT()RRII(EA, with the View el distinguishing the Imaginary from the Real Sufferers under this disease, and Correcting of wide-spread Errors in relation to their Treatment and Cure. Translated from the German of Dr. PICKF0111). "Dr. Pickfcrd Is known to English readers by his frequent practl sal wntributiohs to German medical literature. This is the first time, he info rms tiS, that he has addressed himself to the noa-medi :al reader. W e trust this may not be the last, if he shall detect any e ther equally rect."— flagrant evil which it may be in his power to cor- Lo ndon Medical Gaz e tt e. " The tribe of ' Quiet Sympathi sers ,'. and 'Medical Friends,' are mercilessly exposed; and if this book Could Lind its way into the hands of those who suffer from the com plaint of 'which it treats, we are satisfied th a t many hundreds would 1 -' 8 saved much needless suffering of body and mind, and what is of tZlis importance, though it is that which the quacks most prize— muchmpirical money...... This volu me i s well qualified to put an end t o t h e e system of treating Spermatorrheea, and to place the treat ment upon a more rational and physiological basis. It is, therefore. ikely to do much good."—Medical Circular. London: R. Sulam, 219, Regent-street. PU RSIIA.NT to a Decr ee o f the High Court of Chancery. made in a cause. Sydney Wvl illiam attb#Blizard Buckley again s t Eli za itanbridge, ell ons claimingto ilaj Creditors of WILLIAM ALFRBY. late of No per . 31 s , Alderman bury, in the City of London, and of No. 50, South Molton• street, in the county of Middlesex, Wine Merchant, who died in or about the month of April, 1851, are, by their solicitors, on or before the 29th day of October, 1856, to come in and prove their Debts at the Cham bers of the Vice-Chancellor Sir Richard Torin Kind ersley, No. 3, Stone buildings, Lincoln's-ban, Middlesex, or, in default thereof, they will be peremptorily excluded from the benefit of the said Decree. Monday, the 3d day Of November, 1856, at Twelve o'clock at noon, at the said Chambers, is appointed for hearing and adjudicating upon the claims. Dated this 9th day of August, 1856. CHAS. PUGH, Chief Clerk. G. W. C. DEAN, 27, New Eroad-street. COCICS'S CELEBRATED RE ADING SAUCE, which is so hi g hl y es t eeme d w ith Fish, Game, Steaks, Soups, Grills, Gravies, Hot and Cold Meats, and unrivalled for gene ral use, is sold by the most respectable dealers in fish and sauces. J. and C. Cockb, Reading, sole Manufacturers. ivirß. HOWARD, Surgeon-Dentist, 52, Fleet. .._v street, has introduced an entirely i new description f FICIAL TEETH Axed without springs, wres, or ligatures. o They so perfectly resemble the natural teeth as not to be distinguished from (he original by the closest observer; they w ill never change colour or decay, and will b e f oun d very superior to any t eeth ever before used. This method does not require the extraction of roots, or any painful operation, and will support and preserve teeth that are loose, and is cuaranteed to restore articulation and mastication. Decayed teeth rendered sound and useful in mastication. -52, Fleet -street. At home from ten till Ave. HOLDFAST and FIRE RESISTING SAFES (no n - conducting and vapour sing), with al them mprovements, under their Quadruple Patents of 2i 1 20 MJLNERS' 1840.51 1455, including their Gunpowder Proof Solid Lock and Door (without which no Safe is secure). I,IRENix (212.) SAFE WORKS, THE STRONGEST, BEST, AND CHEAPEST SAFEGUARD EXTANT. LIVERPOOL, the MILKERS' most complete and extensive in the world. Show-rooms, G and 8, Lord -street, Liverpool. LONDON" DEPOT, 47A, MOORGATE STREET, City. Circulars tree by post, Re Charles Hallowell Hallowell Carow, Esq., of Beddinton- Park, in th e county of Surrey. g N OTICE IS lIEREBY GIVEN, That by Indenture bearing date the sth day of May, 1856, made between Charles Hallowell Hallowell Carew, of Beddington-park, in the county of Surrey, Esq., of the first part, Robert Hallowell Carew, of Ileckbridgein the same county, Esq., and William Augustus Ford, of Henrietta street, Covent -garden, in the county of Middlesex, gentle man, of the second part, and the several persons whose names and seals are subscribed and affised in the schedules thereto, being creditors of the said Charles Hallowell Hallowell Carew, of the third and fourth parts, the said CHARLES HALLO WELL HALLOWELL CAREW hath Conveyed, Granted, Released, and Confirmed unto the said Robert Hallowell Carew and, William Augustus Ford, and their Heirs, all that his Mansion -house and Park at Beddington aforesaid, called Beddington-park, with their appurtenances ; and also all those the Manors or Lordships of Beddington and Bandon, in the said county of Surrey, with the Rights and Royalties thereof respectively, and the Advowson of the Rectory of the Parish Church of Beddington aforesaid ; and also all and singular the Manors or Lordships, Messuagos, Farms, Lands, Tenements, and Hereditaments whatsoever in the said county of Surrey, comprised in and devised, or intended to be devis ed, by the will of Ann Futon Gee, therein recited, or of s which the said Charles Hallowell Hallowell Carew, or any person or persons in trust for him, is or aro seised or entitled to, an Estate of Freehold and Inheritance, or of Freehold only, in possession, reversion, remainder, or expectancy, together with all and singular the Rights, Royalties, Members and Appurtenances whatsoever to the said Hereditamen's, or any of them belonging of appertaining ; and also all and every Sum and Sums of Money, Stock, Funds, or Securities, front time to time s t an di ng to the credit' of a certain cause, "Hitchcock v. Carew," which might not be required for the purposes of the said suit, and all Right, Title, Interest, and Benefit whats oever o f hi m, the said Charles Hallowell Hal lowell Carew, in, to, or out of, or under the said suit and the several pleadings therein, and the Moneys recoverable thereby to hold the said Mansion-house, Manors, and Hereditaments, andto have, receive, and take the said Moneys and Premises, unto and by the said Robert Hallowell Carow and William Augustus Ford, and their heirs and execu tors, administrators and assigns, upon Trust, for the BENE FIT of the CREDITORS of the said Hallowell Hallowell Carew, who should execute the same tndenture within the space of six calendar months from the date thereof, or other wise as therein mentioned. And by the same Indenture, the said Charles Hallowell Hallowell Carow nominated, consti tuted, and appointed the said Robert Hallowell Carew and William Augustus Ford, and the survivor of them, and the exe cutors or administrators of such survivor and their or his as sigma, the true and lawful attorneys, and attorney of him, the said Charles Hallowell Hallowell Carew, irrevocably in his name, or in the names or n ame o f them, the said Robert Hallowell Carew and William Augustus Ford, or thoeurvivor of them, or the executors or administrators of such survivor, to carry on and prosecute the suit of " Carew v. Waugh" therein mentioned, or any other suit or other proceeding for the purpose of setting aside or reforming the Indenture of settlement of the 9th of March, 1850 (being a post nuptial settlement executed by the said Charles Hallowell Hallo well Carew nine days after he attained 21, without any consideration, and, as the said Charles Hallowell Hallowell Carew alleges, in total ignorance of his rights, or that he was absolutely entitled to the freehold of the said estates), or for procuring an order for sale of the hereditaments and premises therein comprised. And by the said Indenture, each and every of the several creditors, parties thereto of the third and fourth parts respectively, granted to the said Charles Hallowell Hallowell Carew full licence, authority, and safe conduct to pass and repass, and attend to his affairs without any attachment or execution against is person, to be sued out or enforced by any of his said creditors, parties thereto of the third and fourth parts respectively, or by their or any of their procurement. And the said deed was duly executed by the said Charles Hallowell Hallowell Carew on the said sth day of May, 1856, in my presence, and attested by me, and that the same deed was executed by the said Robert Hallowell Carew and William Augustus Ford, as such trustees as aforesaid, on the 6th day of May, 1856, in the presence of and attested by Thomas Salmon Selway, and the said deed now lies at my office for the signature of the creditors of the said Charles Hallowell Hallowell Carew.—Dated this 2d day of October, 1856. GEORGE SAMUEL FORD, Solicitor, 8, Henrietta-street, Covent-garden, London. ORIENTAL INLAND STEAM COMPANY (Limited). For establishing Steam Naviga tion on the Rivers of India. Capital 250,0001. in 25,000 Shares of 101. each, with power to increase it to 1 ,000,000/.—Deposit 10s. per Share. TRUSTEES. Jemss ALLAN, Esq. Managing Director of th e P en i nsu l ar and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. The Honourable W. 'WILBERFORCE BIRD, Esq., late Deputy- Governor of Bengal. PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE. The Hon. W. WILBERFORCE BIRD, Esq., late Dep.-Governor of Bengal. Captain BOLD, Belvidero Villa, Millbrook, near n. HARRY BORRADAILE, Esq., late Civil Service, Bombay. Jous BoupavE, Eeq., late of Messrs. John Bourne and Co. Lient.-General JOUR BRIGGS, Madras Army, late Political Agent in Candeish, and officiating Resident at Nagpore. Colonel A. CO TON, late Chief Engineer of Madras. Capt. COTTON, R.N., Alport House, Whitechnrch, Salop. It/Nor-General Thcanisor., late Chi e f E ngineer of Bombay. sMONe. TAGUE Goals, Esq„ South A u dl ey-street, Grosvenor. quar Lient.-Col. Gams, Hon. lately stationed at Nagpore. Capt. C. H. litrramvsox, Hon. E.1.C.5., Asst. Civ. Eng. Godavery. Col. ATWELL LATLS, C. 8., Aide-de-Camp to the Queen, late Engineer of the Kistnah Irrigation Works. G. MAY, En. ('.liessrs. May, Mathewson, and Co.), London. and Calcutta. Colonel the lion. R. T. ROWLEY, 47,.Berkeley-square. essrs. MANAGE% DIRECTOR—JOHN ._,-OE , q., and lasgow and Greenock. (With power to ad pn d toxtEherEr s numb l e a r t . e ) of Itt 01. Messrs. Bury, John Bourne C0., .• ENGINEER —JAMES late e erp o o f 23, Throgruorton-street. `SOLICITOR— Curtis, R. HILL, Es q ., 13"KESREsc—Messrs. E D ws E O A N C , ON E , s a q n . d Co. Offices, 9 Billiter-street, London. . rs. j W oz r Is it A in T s i; This company is established for two reasons—first, because it is wanted chea ; and s econd, because it w ill pay. India. wants p means of conveyance for her produce; water conveyance is cheaper than any possible mode of conveyanc.e by land ; and ten thousand miles of this cheap water cO,nveyance will b e The last dividend and afforded by th e grea.t rivers when properly navigated by steam. cent. per annum, he G anges Ste. Company was 48 per parry on the G oda.ver4- the latest ret urns o f a N av i ga tion Cora was 5 5 per c en t . Th e field, however, English Company i s is far too lar ge to be, adequat e l y fi lled by local effort, and an nec essary, whi c h , w i th a d equa t e cap it a l , Prospectuses aria For will render available tho res ources of European science' ms of Applicati on for Shares may be obtained at the o races, 9, Billite r - street, London. ow • .._. . 1". ..............._ go, ------- 7•_.r!"-•"...r.r..r_._•rT!rr.!'"!.!_'_'l"!' DEATH OF A. UENTENARLAN.--A .t S tone, a few clnY' Job)] ifoeirion expired wit at the age o f 7 03 . U n til hin the hist 12 months he might daily be seen drivinF cows to milk tbrough the town. Ile posse end the per, fect use of his faculties, With the f aze , till the last. His fa mily show' an interesting relic of the old man's—a light blue fro,ck coat—which be wore on ption of his hearing, he Stone Fair Club.— Wa v6eor4caonznspetcountievlmcluiclica.ys,. 4t 60 40 214 221 234 249 275 303 340 1'53 1 - 58 1 . 67 1.78 1 . 96 2.16 2'43 59 . 3 54 . 3 50 . 5 46.2 43.0 39 . 9 37.2 bY Equiv Pio se, a persons wholent reductions preferred that form of Bonus have been made in the Premiums payable The future division of Profit will take place every Five years. A stint not exceeding 15,0001. may be insured on one life. This Corporation affords to the Assured Liberal Participation in Profits—with exemption from the liabilities of partnership. A rate of forms equal to the average returns of Mutual Socie ties —with the guarantee of a largo invested Capital Stock. _ The advantages of mod ern p ract i ce—w i th the secur i ty o f an Office whose resources have been tested by the experience of nearly a Century and a-half. JOHN A. HIGHAM, Actuary and Secretary. ARGYLL ROOMS.—LAIIRENT'S CA SINO , i"MsGreat Windmill-street, Haymarket. winterbo elegan are now open every evening for the season, with ,;aurent's celebrated Orchestra. Principal Cornet-a-piston, M. i'?.ll.court. The Proprietor begs to inform the public that this rnicnable place of resort has been entirely redecorated during the 83 . Doors open at half-past eight, commence at nine. Admis -.4 One Shilling. .---._ R. KAHN'S ANATOMICAL MUSEUM, fL9), 4, Coventry-steet, Leicester-square. —Open (for Gentlemen from 10 till 10, containing upwards of one thousand models ;hPreparations, illustrating every part of the human frame in , ealth and disease, the race of men, &c. Lectures delivered at 12, b7gLl!t9tl half-past 7, by Dr. 0. SEXTON, F.R.G.S. ; and a new and Y - interesting series of Lectures is now in course of delivery K Anil, at 4 p.m. precisely. Admission, One Shilling. C.ORD ON CUMMING, the LION HUNTER, ~,,1-,,,N Will be AT HOME In his Encampment, surrounded by the ~..-s_ and trophies of his achievements, and give his new and popular .'4I:ERTAINMF.NT, illustrative of his ADVENTURES in the Far -ulterior of SOUTH AFRICA, Pictorially and Musically illustrated, every eveni ng throughout th e wee k , at 8 o'clock. Piano by Mr. riles 'Willm. Admission, Is. and 23.; stalls, 33.-232, Piccadilly. CANTE R B U R Y HALL, Westminster-road. t._ —OPEN EVERY EVENING.—The celebrated HUNGA )I,I,4 BAND. Under the direction of Herr KAIOZDY, will perform Entertainment,Evening at 9 and 11 o'clock, in addition to the usual Vocal The following company of talented Vocalists are Permanently engaged for th, performance of Selections from all the Popular Operas, Mari-4 ... --“gals, Choruses, Duets, &c., viz. :—Mrs. J. caulneld, Miss Drunel, Miss Sommers, and Miss Pearse ; Sam Cowell, J. Caulfield, Herr F. Jonghmn.s. S. Jones, T. Farrant, W. Meiling. Barker. Russell Grover. and P. Corrie • Masters E. Con nell, Austin, and Bennett , and Mr. T. Mackney. Pianoforte, Mr. J • Harroway, R.A. , hanynonimn, J. Can jun. ; director, Mr. cr. Caulfield. Commence at seven o'clock precisely. Suppers, Bce., hitt twelve o'clock. ........, NENV -- 7-OVER e Commissioners of Her Majesty's W orks and Public Build ings give notice that they are prepared to receive DESIGNS from Architects of all countries for a scheme for the COIN CENTRATION of the PRINCIPAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES on a Site lyiag between Whitehall and the New Palace at Virestminster and also b(signs for two liuildings which her Majesty's Government have determined to erect forthwith. as parts of such general scheme— one for the Department of the Secretaly of State for Foreign Affairs, the other for the Secretary of State for War. Plans of the ground, together with a statement of the Premiums and other particulars, will be forwarded to Architects on applica tion by letter addressed to me, at this office. A LFRED AUSTIN, Se cre t aiy. ..............._ . o nice of Works, ace , Whitehall Sept. 20, 1856. LEAAPPETITE AINTD DIGESTION IMPROVED. and PERRIN'S' WORCESTERSHIRE SAUC imparts the most exquisite relish to Steaks, Chops, and all Roast Meat Gravies, Fish, Game, Soup, Curries, and Salad, arid by its tonic arid invigorating properties enables the stomach to Perfectly digest the food. The daily ascot this aromatic and delicious Sauce is the best safe taard to health. Sold by the proprietors, Lea and Perrino, 19, .enchurch-street, Loudon, and 68, Broad-street, Wo cester ; a lso by Messrs. Barclay and Sons, Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell, and other oilmen and n►er- N•B•—To the Principal dealers in sauce. Chants, London ; and generally N.B.—To guard against imitatioxs, see that the names of •~ LEA and pEßßusstr ara upon the label and patent cap of the bottle. A NEW AND IMPORTANT DISCOVERY IN Tilt SCIENCE OF MEDICINE. Patent Oftlce Seal of Great Britain. Diplome d'Ecole de Phaisfacie Pharrnacien de Paris. Imperial College of Medicine, vi emia. TIuESEVIAR No. 1,2, and 3, prepared in the form of a lozenge, devoid Sold of taste or smell, and can be carried i n t h e waistcoat pocket. in ths "` eases, divided into separate doses, as admtustered by ValPeau, Lailenaand, Roux, Ricord, &c., &c. tiiRLE,SEMAR No. 1 is a Remedy for RE. '' TI °N . , SPERMATORREREA, and all tkedlstre o s r si t n o g o Fonsequences arising from early abuse, indiscriminate excesses, l oug residenc • iduals who are ein hot climates. It has restored bodily and sexual strength and vigour to thousands of debilitated individuals now in the enjoyment of health and the Functions of Manhood_;_ , a ß n d. Ivliatever may be th e cause for DISQUALIFICATIONS_ for . M 1 41-4 GE, they are eff ectually subdued by this Wonderful Discovery. TRIESEMAR No. 11., effectually, in the short space of three da completely and entirely eradicates all traces of Gonorrhcea, both nits mild and fo gs, (Beets, Strictures, Irritation of the Bladder, Non-retention ic o h aggrayated f u rine, ()li m Pains of the Loins ndKidneys and hose disorders 1 ' y' and Cubebs have so on K g been thought t an antidote for, to the tour ofthe health of a vast portion of the population. TRIESEMAR No. 111., I ' t he great Continental Remedy for Syphilis and Secondary SY m P" teerns. It also constitutes a certain cure for Scurvy, Scrofula, and all ~11!aneous Eruptiolis, removing and expelling in its course all corrull -1,0,A and impurities from the vital stream, as altogether to eradicate Lite virus of disease, and expell it with the insensible perspiration never -failing thr ough the medium of the pores of the skin and urine, and is a remedy for that class of disorders which unfortunately th e i-,.._ • -,,figfsh Physician treats vvith Mercury, tothe inevitable 0,-,4truc „_'l et the patient's constitution, and which an the Earsapfirilla in th e cannot restor e. __ rice Ils„ or four cases in one for 335„ which saves 113., and in 51. ‘,..i_'.aS, Whereby there is a saving of li. 12s. To'be bad wholesale and et, ,j ail in London, of Johnson, 68, Cornhill ; llaunay and Co., €3, Ox gV.rartreet ; Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ;R. H. Ingham, drugg,ist, 43, _,,koet-street, Manchester ; U. Bradbury, bookseller, Deansgate, b,, u 2 l ,__n_i J. Priestly, chemist, 51, Lord.street, Liverpool ; Powell, ti ' i utli er, 15, Westmor elauthatreet, Dublin ; Winn pool bookseller, miglitZett• Dint' h 4 Mi. i,„ , :, tkct,4' . --- ;‘ ,//a t - ........... * 1 N i ' lik . lc -- 7 --"" , / 4 1 4 1 4 -K., 4 - ... ,-..---- k I fim :„......,,,_ --..-!,,...-. ,‘ 4 , k , ../. ''''', , _ 4 ts 4n ~.... ~, .9e 4o *.-- ,‘ ”7, 1, • ,st - au/ • Jr 4l ; _.7:4 Y ~-5,,,, , ~, ovv. ,, : et , l 70„ ' , . __. tii,4 o . 44 ,'-‘:, to .' ~., .. --7( ,ii cti i r,-- , 4,‘ , , - „4$ , , ~.,0 1V4,- fr , `., ' -Da I , A,J - . ," 9 ' ,4 / -, va , ' ,k . Alta" ',. - 461.,--- -* .L ir '''' -V17 ,0 7 -1 :- - -; , , , ROIT. , ot ',* PV l' '" Nl ' -..,. c: 5 / 4 1,64 - /v /,e [PRIOE 4D. STAMPED SD• LIFI•BOATS OF THE NATIONAL MEE-BOAT INSTITUTION. (From the Life-Boat Journal for October.) In the year 1852 this institution adopted a new de scription of life . boat ; many of the boats which it sE that time possessed were worn out, and the result of the com petition for a prize offered in the previous year by his Grace the Duke of Northumberland for the Lest model of a life-boat, led the committee t) believe that a boat of, a safer and more efficient character might be produced than that hitherto in the possession of the society. The boat selected was the production of JameaPeake, Esq., Assistant-Master-Shipwri zlit in her Majesty dockyard at Woolwich. Mr. Peake.had been a mcmhtr of the committee appointed by the Duke of Nortimm ' berland to decide on the relative merits of the models and drawings which competed for the prize above alluded to, and which were no less than 230 in number. After the prize had been awarded, Mr. Peake was requested by the other members of the co urnittee to furnish a de sign for a life-boat which might combine as many a possible of the advantages, and have as few as possible of the defects of the best of the models examined by them. A boat was accordingly designed bp Mr. Peake, and, by the authority of the Lords of the Admiralty, was built at the expense of the Government, at Wool with Dockyard. Some modifications were from time to time made in her, resulting from various experiments and a trial of her in a gale of wind at Brighton ; and she together with others on the same de sign, built at the cost of the Duke of Northumber land, the president of the institution, was placed on the Northumberland coast in the autumn of 1852. In the course of the following winter these boats were taken afloat on trial by the Inspector of Life-boats to the In stitution, some of them in heavy seas and gales of wind ; and the result of the trials was considered high-1y satis factory. The committee thereupon decided to pre-Teed with the building of other boats on the same plan ; and at the present time no less than 23 of these boats are in the possession of the institution, and stationed on the coasts of the United Kingdom, in addition to 3 which have gone to other countries and to 10 which have been built for harbour trusts and other bodies on our own coasts. These boats have for the most part been of two sizes, viz., 27 feet and 30 feet in length, with 7i to 8 feet beam, and rowing from 8 to 12 oars, double-banked, their weight averaging 2 tons. As, however, boats of this class and size have been found too heavy to be managed in some localities where but few boatmen are to be ob- ained to launch and man them, some of less beam and m,ight, rowing 6 oars single-banked, hut ou tho same , le-ign in other respects, have been built under the de nomination of second-class life-boats, to meet the neces- Ries of such localities. Of the former class of boats those most recently built by the institution have so far undergone a further modi fication as to be reduced somewhat in beam, and to hava :ess height, and greater sharpness of bow and stern, in order to enable them to be rowed with greater speed against a head gale and h .avy sea. They arc also built of fir, on the diagonal principle of double planking, with out timbers, whereas the earlier beats were of elm and clenched or clinker-built. We have not at an earlier period given a description of these life-boats, as we were anxious that they should first have the advantige and experience of three or four winters' use, when we might, without presumption, be able to speak more confidently respecting them than we could have done before any sufficient practical trial had been made of them. We now feel that we are in that position. Several of them have already performed valu able services by saving the lives of shipwrecked per 4ons, and the highest reports have been received respect ing them generally from those who have been intrusted with their management. Coupling those reports with what we have ourselves seen of them and of other life boats, we do not hesitate to pronounce the opinion that, as rowing boats, they are superior to all others. Of properties as sailing boats we are not yet in a position t 4 speak so positively, as nearly the whole of them are stationed on those parts of the coast where 'ails are not requir:d. At the same time, we have every reason to believe that th,:y would be equally effi cient as sailing boats. The qualities necessary in a lifeboat may be thus summed up—we will remark on each in succession, and point out bow far the boats of the institution possess those qualities : 1. Extra buoyancy. 2. Self-relief of water. 3. Ballasting. 4. Self-righting. 5. Stability. e. Speed. 7. Stowage•room. 8. Strength of build. 1. The chief peculiarity of a life-boat, which distin guishes it from all ordinary boats, is its being rendered unsubmergible, by attaching to it, chiefly within board, water-tight air-cases, or fixed water -tight compartments under a .dVCdt, or sewasty caslAssi s This property . in one_ok more of *ha ---itnair e -- " M' Irlsot na6res - te, life-boat, althoUgh some possess it in an inade quate degree, or badly distributed. So long as the necessary space for rowing and working the boat and for the stowage of shipwrecked persons is not interfered with, the amount of this " % extra buoyancy" cannot be too great. Especially it is essential that the spare space along the sides of a life-boat, within board, should be en• tirely ocoupied by buoyant caste er compartments ; as when such is the case, on her shipping a sea, the water, until got rid of, is confined to the midship parts of the b , ,at, where it to a great extent serves as ballast, instead of falling over to the lee side and destroying her equili brium, as is the case in an ordinary open boat. Barrels or casks, which do not conform in shape to the sides ofa boat, but have large interstices to be occupied by water, are not suitable vehicles for providing extra buoyant power; yet, at the present moment, the Liverpool life boats and some others are provided only with empty casks as buoyant power. The north country or Greathead class of life-boats, of which those at Shields may be considered the type, have their extra buoyancy provided by a water tight deck at the load-water line, the space between which and the boat's floor is formed into water-tight air chambers ; water-tight compartments are also built along the bides of the boat, within board, sloped from the gun wale to the deck, thereby effectually excluding any water shipped from settling on one side. The life-boats of Messrs. White, of Cowes, have their buoyancy without j any a a effected by si m il ar a i r compartments along the sides, extendi ng f rom t h e gunwale to the boat's floor, but have very wide encloseddetch d air-boxes deck. The large sailing lif e -b oa t s on the Norfolk and Suffolk coast space under o a tanks,r strongly made, to correspond in form with the boats' sides, and extending from the thwarts to the floor, hav ing no deck. The life-boats of Mr. Peake's design have a water-tight deck at the load water-line and detached air-boxes along the sides, conforming closely to theshape of the latter, from the thwarts to the deck. A great amount of extra buoyancy is also in these boats derived from large end air-cases built across the bow and stern, and occupying from 3 feet to 44 feet in length from the stem and stern posts to gunwale height. 'These cases are chiefly intended to provide self-righting power ; but in the event of the boat being stove in, and the space below the deck being filled with water, they alone have sufficient buoyancy to float her. The life-boats built by Mr. Beaching, of Great Yarmouth, and which obtained the Northumberland prize of 1001., are in this respect similarly fitted to those of Mr. Peake. 2. The second peeuliar characteristic of a life-boat, and which is closely allied to the preceding, although it is not possessed by all life-boats, is the capability of self-discharging in a few seconds any water which may be shipped by the breaking over of a sea, or by a boat being suddenly thrown on her beam-ends. This power is accomplished by means of the water-tight deck at the load-water-line and a sufficient number of large open tubes, having their upper orifices at the surface of the deck and their lower ones at the boat's floor, passing through the space between the deck and the floor, but hermetically closed to it ; thus providing an open com munication between the interior of the boat and the sea, yet without suffering any leakage into the air-chambers under the deck. In some life-boats these tubes are kept always open ; in others, plugs, moveable by hand, and having laniards or handles to them, are fitted, which can be withdrawn on water being shipped. In Mr. Peake's boats the tubes are fitted with selfacting valves, which open downwards only, so that they will allow any water shipped to pass downwards, whilst none beyond a trifling leakage can pass upwards through them. It will bo at once readily understood that, as the deck is placed at or above the load-water-line, any water which is above it will be above the outside level of the sea, with which it has, through the tubes, free communication, and that in obedience to the common law of fluids, which binds them to a uniform level, it must instantly, by its own gravity, descend through the tubes until none remains above the surface of the deck ; or, if the boat be Very deeply loaded, until the level of the water outside and of that within the boat shall be the same. _ _ _ This quality of self-relief of water can, of course, only be possessed in perfection in boats with a raised water tight deck at or above the lead water line. The No* folk lift-boats before alluded to have holes through their floors, with plugs attached, through which they will re lieve themselves to the outside levet of the sea, or through eitUch their crews can let water into them until the com mon leyell is obtained, which they accordingly do when ever they go afloat iu a gale of wind and heavy sea. They have then literally several tons of water on board, but the wide side-cases confine the greater portion of it to the amidships of the boat, where it then serves as a loose ballast ; the boatmen considering that it is iafest to go off under sail with a boat deeply immtr ei. These boats will therefore only partially relieve them selves of water : they aro splendid boats, and their crews have the utmost confidence in them ; but we think that in this respect they might be improved on. Other life-boats, as, for instance, tie at Liverpool, have no relieving holes at all, and, if filil' by a sea, their crow: have no e - escurce but the primitive, blow, and laborioc; process of baling with buckets ; to do which theoar men must take in their beats, and, for a time, disable their beat. ballasting. An ordinary open boat oanpoti or wtti safety be A third and important property stone, or other an water, he ballast baying greater spoiac gritptY • in a life-boat_ fety be taken into a heavy sea with metal , is 11Srettst..e4ey. mere ups welled with e,* enfeleileeibly sink; • , oweeer, a. lefiteieereeee _ boat is provided with 'a large amount of extra-booyioeff. power, she may with impunity have a considerab . ,lo amount of ballast of anydescription within her. We here observe that ballast of same kind is very coritrib five to the e ciency of a, life-boat. NotionlY meet it ad. • to her stability and thereby to her safety, but in propinie7e e tion to the heaviness of the sea does weight. necessary to insure speed, its momentum being requisiteele e to withstand the:. blow el, each • succeeding breaker,. antleeA: :to-carry the boat through asit strikes her; in the erem'eir"-I In:4MM' that the flywheel of a steam-engine, or other machine, regulates and economises the motive power, and— vompensates for its irregular or intermittent action. 'The north country, or Greathead, life-boits hive gene rally no ballast, their great.breidth of heath - being relied on for stability ; but poree•Of them bdreevitie let into a tank, constructed for the pnrpose itr•the midships of the boat beneath the deck. Necblear'e lifeiheatsavere also benefited with water ou the carne peineiple ; but through a diffieuley in securing•lfie eef ' , the 'etmekel - and in preventingE t e eekiieTeeotethe v./ate-a—emu them, serious accidents, accompanied with loos cf _life, occurred to tbree of those boat's, Water-ballast in an enclosed tank, if properly secured, is we think better thaet, loose water, such as we described in the Norfolk boats ; we prefer solid ballast to either, as i;can be more advantageously placed, and is moremaeageable, and lees liable to a ccident. Peake's life beatenre ballasted with lieavy iron heels, and with solid wood and nark leafiest steiwe'd ender their decks ; which latter, in the event of their being Aw) in and the space under the desk filling with water, would then form extra buoyancy as well, thus fulfilling both purposes. 4. A f ,urth property, that of self-righting if upset, is not a universal principle in life-boats, although we must consider it a most important one, it being only possessed by those of Mr. Peake's and-of Mr. Beeching'a coustruc doe. It has been objected to by some boat-builders, from the'impression that other more neceasary qualities, and especially that of stability, must be sacrificed to ob tain it ; this, however, iB:3. , fallacy a sW e have eeedea voured to prove at length in tt former number of this journal (No. 19, page 125); the fact that the very awe ". which are employed to prhduce bel t righting add to the stability of a boat, aikl improve her in other respect s . That the property of self-righting may be useful is proved by the fact that on the only- two occasions, when self righting boats belonging to the National Life-boat In stitution, the crews have been enabled to get into them again, and that•their lives have thereby been saved. The self-righting power is obtained by the following means.:-Ist. The boat is . built . with considerable sheer of gunwale, the bow sad stern being from 1 ft. 6 in. to 2 ft. higher than the sides of the boat at her centre ; and the space within the boat at either extremity, to the distante of from 3 to • 4i ft. from the stern and stern poste, to gunwale height, is then enclosed by a sectional bulkhead and a ceiling, and so converted into a water-tight air -chamber, the cubical contents of which, from the thwarts upwards, are sufficient to bear the whole weight of the boat when she is placed in the water in an inverted position, or keel upwards. 2dly. A heavy iron keel (from 4 tog cwt.) is attached, and a nearly equal weight of light wood or cork ballast is stowed betwixt the boat's floor and the deck. No other measures are necessary to be taken in order to effect the self-regulating power. When the boat is forcibly placed in the water with her keel upwards, she is floated unsteadily on the two air chambers at bow and • stern, whilst the heavy iron keel and other ballast being then carried above the centre of gravity, an unstable equilibrium is at once effected, and the weight of the iron keel, falling over on one side, immediately restore% the boat to her proper position—iu other words, she self-rights. 5. A fifth property is lateral stability, csmmonly called stiffness, being the tendency to preserve an upright position in the water, and proportionate resistance to upsetting. This property is of course held in common by all boats, but is more especially essential to life-boats, they being more exposed to the risk of upsetting than any others. As explained under the head of ballasting, • it is obtained in life-boats by either breadth of beam or by ballast. In Mr. Peake's boats very great stability is obtained by an iron keel and other solid ballast, and by flatness an'd length of floor, with moderate beam only. d. A sixth and most essential property is speed. We say most essential, since without speed or capability of • being propelled a heavy sea and head wind, the safest boat in the world would be useless, as she could not be conveyed from shore to a wreck, frequently against a series of breakers of the most formidable description. As in ordinary boats, propelled by oars, the greatest speed can be obtained by sharpness of bow and, within certain limits,. narrowness of beaux. Here, however, the similarity ceases ; for whereas groat lightness is an ad vantage in perfectly smooth water and calm weather— as stated under the head " ballasting"—weight is essen tial in a heavy sea, and especially a broken sea, in which .the light boat will lose her way or be beaten back by each heavy sea as it strikes her, whilst the- heavier boat will by her own inertia carry her way throetgh or over the seas. In a life-boat height of bow and stern is also necessary to prevent the seas from breaking ewer and filling the boat ; for, if sharpness of form be presOrved quite up to the gunwale, the height of end will not cheeele a boat's way so much as will a sea breaking into and hale filling her. Speed is not, however, alone necessary to • enable a life-boat to force her way through the lines of breaking seas which form an almost impassable barrier betwen a lee shore and a wreck ; we believe that it also adds greettly to her safety ; for if she lose her way on meeting a eery heavy broken sea or roller, she may not only be beate:3 back by it, but be thrown end over end or broadside to it. and be upset; but if bh9 retain her wal,. she can be lept bow to the sea until it has passed rher, eiliereeehee woreveritr gather additional sme4l% . readine,,s to meet with impunity the succeeding wavee On account of the isolated position of life boats, placed at distant intervals along the coast, : t here will rarely happen any opportunity for testing two boats of different construction in company with• enc:t other in a heavy sea, so as to form a correct comparative estima,N3 of their power or speed. Judging, leewever, from the- received reports of Mr. Peake's boats, we have no doubt that they are equal in speed and power to any, and superior to most that exist. A seventh quality is stowage-room for passengers. IC is of course desirable that a life-boat should have as large an amount as possible of stowage room, as she might have to proceed to the wreck of an emigrant vessel, or other passenger ship, when it would be important that she should take on board a large number of persons so ' as to rescue the whole in as few trips as possible. The principal object in view will therefore be to distribute the air -chambers, forming the extra buoyancy of the boat, in such a manner as to occupy no more thin can be helped of any space which would be available for the stowage of passengers. Life-boats vary mach in this respect. It is a requirement which has been especially studied in Mr. Peake's boats. 8. The eighth and last quality which we have to cone eider is strength. As a life-boat is liable to be thrown heavily on a beach by the sea, or to be knocked with violence against a vessel's side or to come in contact with spars or broken wreck floating in the water, she of necessity must be very stronglylbuilt : in this respect Mr. Peake's boats will bear competition with any others. (Here follows a description, accompanied by diagrams of the life-boat, for which we must refer the reader to the " Life-Boat Journal," which can be had of any bookseller for 2d.) - , .... _• • _.„..___..., .......,,,, • - - N7e,•. , :y_-- - - , he -- f ------_, ~.,:„.. ;y k lii'f:- - ;•-` , r oi• 1 • • N'-',,A7 - c'ti , --_, r• 1 . - . ...‘ . g.k - /01 g ' '..-?-i ‘ 4 ,,5 , , , ; :14 . *V '4 -- 14s - v 4 N , ' , Azi.:. -, S ACCIDENT ON THE THORNE RAILWAY.—An accident of an alarming though happily not very serious character occurred on the recently opened branch of the South Yorkshire Railway, which runs fram Doncaster to Thorne, on Saturday. The passenger train which left the latter place at 10 a.m. had several coal waggons attached to it, and on reaching a place called the "coal drop," just outside of Doncaster, the embankment in which the line runs gave way,and several of the waggons were instantly thrown over, and the whole train was brought to a stand still. The passenger carriages fortunately retained their right position, and the persons inside, about 40 in num ber, received no further injury than a smart shock And some degree of fright. Most of the day was occupied in clearing the line of the debris, but, as the accident hap pened at a place where there are two sidings, there was no interruption of the regular traffic. THE BIRKENHEAD DOCKS.—The Birkenhead Docks Committee of the Liverpool Town Council, at the monthly meeting, recommended that the tender of Mr. G. Thom son and Co.,the eminent c on t rac t ors , b e taken for deep ening the allasey Pool, and the construction of works connected therewith, at the sum of 123,1861. Mr. Al derman S. Holme, in moving the confirmation of the re commendation, congratulated the council and the town on the adoption of definite measures in connection with the important estate on the Cheshire side of the Mersey. The estimate, for the confirmation of which he4was ask ing the approval of the council, was for the excavation of the whole of the great float, ocoupying an area of more than 2,000,000 yards. A number of men would be immediately placed upon that work, and that grea t estate which had been lying so far almost unprofitab le to the public, would in a short time be made to yie ld a ; considerable revenue and to give great public accom r u 22„ dation. Negotiations had been held with the r s a o lun bodies interested in the question and he had reason believe that the plans and details ' met with generaln-o oney e , ures with. t to .. ap proval, and that when the corporation next ' c The liament there would be no opposition to the scheme. elicious Revalenta recommendation was then confirmed. ribable agony from out medicine constipa v sl iss it o E f sr.-- indigestionl \'e qu ( o d t y e s s p o e m p s e i interesting .nt atst,ui , ~, cough, asthma, "melPlelTsntdßevalenta Arabica abic. tion, nervous, bilious, and liver near Diss N consumption, and debility, by Du Barry ,d Arabica Food : —Fifty years' 'nugh, constipation II tu dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, c °, h , and vomiting; have a- 13ncy, spasms, sickness at the,stoma been removed by Du BarrY in : a.nou e y : ntge , r, Norfolk. , thol-strect, Perth. Food.—Maria Jolly, 'ffortbai , , , , . th .. , t. , 0 Cure No. 3,906.--Thirtecn Yc v "r e s. ; :o _ ug D a u 1 1 - 3a l t i; y es_ s i e o x % e a u n e d ngtele: . Countess of ,astlestuart. Cure 52,612. — F r om the Dowager f pown Ireland, 9 ra va l len d ta ebili A ty rab l ic a a. ve Ft e d n • —reae 'c i " A tie December, 1854. Rosstrevor, County .3 . as estuart feels 'induced, in the The Dowager humanity t o interest of suffering _ . ....! state that Do Barry's ex cellent Revalenta Arabic?. r . oed has cured her, after all Medicines had failed, of i ndigestion, bile, great nervous the confidence of all sufferers, and may be con- ness an realblessing. In This food d irrita C b o j u i n it t y es o s f of ra C an 't y l years, standing. testimonials from the celebrated Professors of Inquiries will be cheerfully answered. Andrew 13re ; Dr. Shorland ; Dr. Harvey ; ssdciuh dewedpemp Supported rts Chemistry yci bDy r . Dr. Campbell ; Dr. Gattiker ; Dr. Wurzer; Dr. Ingram/ Lord Stuart de Decies ; the Dowager Countess of Cas a stuart; Major-Glen. Thomas King, and many other respee er persons, whose h ea l th has been restored by it, after a ewe; with of cu re had failed. Suitably packed for all c • ewe; with full in s t ructions. lu canisters lib. 2s. 9cl. ; 21b. 51139., lls. ; E .llba., 225.; H s . ; -super-refined, 11b., 6s. ; n 1 e free, 51bs., 22 5 . ; 101bs., 335. The 101bs, and 121bs. Co., 77, on receipt o f post-o ffi ce order. Barry du Barry eyors Regent-street, London ; Fortnum, Mason, and C ch-street ; to her Majesty, Piccadilly; also at 60, Gra 0, Bishops. 330 and 451, Strand; 4, Cheapside; 68, Cornhilor.str ee t ; ea gate-street; 55, Charing-cross; 54, Upper r and 159, Oxford-Street. LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 6, 1856. I shall now refer to the latter .only, the working of which I have myself observed and studied, during a recent resi dence of four weeks in Paris. Simple as the machinery of these tribunals is, I should, nevertheless, have experienced great and indeed insuperable difficulties in my researches, had it rot been for the numerous facilities most kindly and liberally afforded to me. Our limited time pievents my entering here into anything like ri; full exposition 01 principles which should govern tribunals of commerce, muca less of the details of the working of -the French tri bunate. Tho printed statement alreadeareferred to cop tains some developments on both these points. I will now, therefore, merely refer to a few leading matters. As re gards their organisation, the judges should be commercial men, elected by the commercial world, and selected in snob a way as to represent, in the highest chigoe, its integrity, zeal, and intelligence. As a means of securing this, it is my conviction, based on personal observation end reflec tion, and strongly corroborated by tho experience of the French tribunals and the testimony of distinguished judger in France, that the office of the commercial judge should be purely honorary. The efficiency of the mercantile tri bunal depends on the high character and perfect disinte restedness of its presiding judges. It requires that their position should represent an office, not n place only- The experience of France shows that an honourable ambition and a sense of duty are motives sufficiently strong to in duce men of the highest position in the mercantile world, and actually engaged in commerce, to devote these func tions and an =wont of time for which nopecuniarf remune ration could afford an adequate recompence. There the judges are very generally, though by 'bo means always, heads of established firms, the priu4o management of which is entrusted to junior partners or to confidential agents. This, in fact, is one of the principal reasons which render it desirable that houses once established should be perpetuated either in the family of the founder or by adoption; for it is obvious that the founder of a great concern can rarely have the time, as he often wants the ability and the inclination, to perform those , public functions which attach to the possession of property. Public opinion spontaneously recognises the existence of such unremunerated offices as attaching to largo estates in land; and if a similar recognition is yet wanting with refe rence to capital in personalty, this results not from any dif ference founded in the nature of things, but from inherited prejudices destined to be overcome by the spread of atruer social philosophy, and the growth of a higher morality in society, and especially in the mercantile world. There is perhaps no prejudice at once so absurd and so baneful as that which limits the notion of the patrician class—of the gentlemen, as we say—to the owners of land, instead of extending it (as fact and morality alike require) to the possessors of capital, whatever shape it may take, and whether employed in agriculture, in manufactures, in com merce, or in banking. It is obvious that, in addition to other advantages, the presence on the bench of men retired them selves actually engaged in industrial pursuits, would afford a coestant stimulus to the despatch of business. B u t th e commercial judicature should also comprise anothe r mos t important element—l mean men advanced in years, from,actual business, but still in the enjoyment of sufficient physical vigour, and possessing the inestimable advantages of experience and matured thought. This is a class which , -in the present state of society is often reduced to the sad alternative either of continuing in a mercantile career which would be more fitly handed over to younger men, or of exchanging it for a life of listless ease,: unhappy because without au object, and wholly removed from the sphere of their former activity. There is another condition actually realisedin the French and Belgian ' Tribunals of Commerce , and Which would be of peculiar importance in England. It is' this— that a tribunal which is expressly instituted as furnishing the best means of effecting a reform, not in the administration of the law only, but alternately in tho law itself, should contain no legal element whatsoever as part of its own constitution. The great thing needed with us is to educate the commercial world to that point of just and indepedonnt dignity which will enable it to castoff the legal incubus, and to fill the social position which it ought to take, not for the sake of commerce alone, but for that of so ciety itself. In order to effect this, it is, I believe, of the first importance that no judge presiding over the commercial tribunal should be a member of the legal profession ; nay, farther, that no barrister should occupy any position in the court which would officially entitle him to tender legal advise. In the French and Belgian Tribunals of Com merce the chief registrar is generally an advibcate in point of fact, and the judges sometimes, though I believe rarely, consult him on points of law. They are not, however, in any way bound to do so, and have steadily declined the as sistance of any such official functionary, feeling that his presence, by altering the character, would materially les sen the usefulness af the commercial tribunal. It would tan ito increase that subjection of 'tab -oolira4sesiiitellhatirei toga spirit which, even in France, exists sto this day. I may l mention, however, that though the employment of any professional adviser before the tribunal of commerce is ptlrely options), there does exist in any of the princi pal French towns a limited number of gentlemen callod agrees—barristers by profession, who, being designated by the tribunal as persons enjoying its confidence, are prae tically employed in most cases of difficulty. I may be per. mittd to say that I was much struck by the rapid and truly efficient manner in which these gentlemen conducted the numerous and important cases confided to them. I may also observe that their mode of conducting busines s fuinishes an additional proof of the beneficial influence ex_ ercised by the presence of the commercial element, and the authority of judges, who are themselves penetrated by the commercial spirit. For the same reasons, it appears to me, that the appeal—at least the primary appeal—from commercial decisions should also be to a commercial court. If time permitted I could give proof of the injurious effects of carrying such appeals to the ordinary civil tribunals, and also of the salutary influence which the tribunals of commerce exert in correcting the technical and narrow tendencies of the civil courts of appeal in France. Tribu nals of commerce possess, by virtue of their organisation, several very important advantages over the ordinary civil tribunals; advantages inherent in their constitution as commercial courts of justice. Special juries, even at t. se best, aro no equivalent for tribunals of commerce. We all know the practical difficulty of obtaining satisfactos speCial juries adapted to try commercial cases; and I may remark that the time thus given by merchants should Diet be forgotten, when that required for sitting as commercial judges is made a matter of objection to tribunals of co ex mercer. Bat, apart from these considerations, it is evide at that the special jury never can take tho place of the con a inercial court, because the jurors are judges of the fac t onlja and not of the fact and the law. They are obliged first to accept or reject the proof of facts submitted to then; according to purely legal rules of evidence, often whClly at variance with commercial usage ; and they are next compelled to judge these scanty or partial facts ac cording to technical rules which are not unfrequently , wholly insufficient for the administration of substantial justice between the parties, and (like the rules of evidence) and not in harmony with the principles which really guide coMmercial men in their mutual dealings. Tribunals of commerce are also in the best sense courts of arbitration, foil the opinion of the commercial world is there colleen tratted in its most intelligent and devoted representatives, and the constitution of these courts enables them to decide dif f icult questions, affecting either the general relations of commerce or its special branches, very frequently by a re feience to one of the judges themselves selected for that purpose, or,in the most complicated cases , to an expert or referee nominated by the tribunal. Such are the facilities which this mode of proceeding affords for effecting amicable a number varying t t that a f f t rt of oh t a e l h oi n e t i s eg e . at d nk t ffi rs .d c u t ta one-halfni nd obvious,complicatedarefisi suits, moreover, ly s et tldd by consen that even by the parties arbitration can only be resorted to where there is good faith, and has no application to those lof arbitration presents an additions ifficulty in the way 1 1 , i c e s te e s q i u n i s w i t h e h Thet he extremeintervention i o n f i c a a n l y u d t o. h f o o r i u t r a tiv existingtri b u l n a a w l of its use, for the remedy is often worse than the disease. It is desirable to benefit by Ate experience of others, and therefore I mention here that, after a trial of 50 years, the French law which in relation to disputes between partners s ma t i o ns d r e t.l i s h o ee r vs t oe tia a r i tu b t i e rt the sh a ne t ioownha existingau been wi te: ia a nt b et a ho n d ix; co o r n i :nell e e l as i r e e d i f a u t t h r i e e le l : , tribunals of commerce, which often dis tils, foregoing advantages pose in a few minutes of inherent oases i r t a h e a i cu t st u ir n t b d u. under aßl t sha ofet great systemt m a commerce, rac are the ,there , is onewhich distinguishes e d kind, from the ordinary civil jurisdictionwo l req . require eflpartie s months lotdnies for i ti:m ll,lll : 7 t f i tl :c i l r e::: stiatii :o lln roraercial affairs. It is this: tribunals, in relation to . legal authority, they exert These courts not only exercise commercial men. I du n a ot moraln7 w i s n p fl e u a e k n c o e l t o h l l a e t o i m nd m i r e -e r c c t e u antmob, important se i v tlu es erica which they exert on the iudustrial chiei, transac sitting as judges, but of that directed toward the . -ect Lions brought before the court. It is indeed in thb zee s .. that the real preeminence of the commercial court appeatra; for, as I have myself frequently observed, not only does the tribunal of commerce manifest a Taro discriminating, amore just, and, t may tiddc a west ahe more kindly feeling than generally prevails in the civil tribunals *hen dealing with the trader, but we find in it truer apprecia tion of commercial morality, which, as we all know, is very different from legal morality. Ido not mean to say that the standard of morality now prevailing in the world of commerce is what it ought to be—far from it ; but - If do maintain that the tendency of the commercial tribunal is continually to raise this standard, w hile , I regret to raiy, that the tendency of the legal tribunal is to lower it. It ire both consoling and re-assuring to know that commercia I law, not merely in its special usages, but in its general and fundamental principles, is based on the custom o COMI:1101reep The commercial law its colentially the p r ow l of the commercial mind, observing, meditating, and prov ing, during a long series of successive generations. Jurists and lawyers have no doubt rendered valuable services, by systematising the usages of commerce, and acting as the intelligent organs of mercantile opinion. But it is easy to over -estimate these services. The successors of Lord Mans field—the founder of commercial jurisprudence in England — distinguished as they have been for their talents and learning, instead of improving the mercantile law, have perverted and injured it, by introducing technical subtle ties and metaphysical distinctions profoundly foreign to its true character and object—a deplorable resalt, indeed, but one which inevitably followed from a system which sepa rated the administration from the judgment of commercial affairs, and confides the latter to lawyers technically con struing rules of law framed by themselves. If this state ment appears to be in contradiction with what I have ad vanced before, this seeming variance will at once disappear wh(a we consider that the existing mercantile law of Great Britain and Ireland consists of two elements perfectly dis tinct in their origin and very different in their nature. These are, Ist, the genuine and commercial element ; 2d, the spurious legal element added to this. Any one who compares the laws of bills anal promissory notes, so admir able in its general conception, with the law of fixtures as regards ostensible ownership incases of bankruptcy, will at once perceive the reality of this distinction, and appreciate its important bearing. The practical conclusion I would draw from it is this--that as the source of the existing vices of our mercantile law lies in the subjection of the commercial mind-to the legal mind, so the remedy consists in shaking off the subjection. In a word, that which the commercial mind has made, it alone can regenerate. Having already occupied so much of your time, I will only very briefly allude to some difficulties alleged to stand in the way of the immediate establishment of tribunals of com merce in this country. The most important of these, I think, is this, that the absence of a systematised code in England renders the creation of tribunals of commerce im possible until such a code be framed. This idea, though it receives the support of distinguished names, is, I believe, completely founded in error. My answers to the objection above stated are shortly these :—First, that the English commercial law has sufficient fixity and unity in essential particulars to enable tribunals of commerce to work effi ciently. Secondly, that tke systematic study of the written law of commerce has been rendered sufficiently accessible for merchants by means of the excellent manuals which act already possess. Thirdly, that the legal doubts which are alleged as difficulties in the way of the administration of the commercial law by commercial tribunals, furnish in truth the most conclusive reason for establishing such courts, since these doubts and difficulties spring not from the nature of mercantile transactions at all, but from ;hose habits of legal subtlety, to discard which would he the first and most beneficial effect of applying the com mercial mind to commercial affairs. It is true that sub stantial justice is often a refined justice, but there is a wide difference between those abstractions and distinctions to which legal metaphysics give birth, and the broad and simple principles of equity, by which a clear-sighted and comprehensive mind grasps and marshals the most com plicated facts. Fourthly, I say that the French Code de Commerce," however admirable and useful it may have been in some respects at the period of its composition, is far from satisfying the commercial exigencies of the pre sent day, and is moreover now loaded with judicial deci sions and legal commentaries. Fifthly, that no commercial code can be efficiently or usefully constructed unless it be preceded by a practical uniformity of opinion and usage throughout the mercantile world in essentials. Sixthly, that a code for merchants must be not only interpreted, but made, by merchants. Seventhly, that the real remedy for the existing evil consists in creating, or more truly in de veloping, a vigorous and sound public opinion in the com mercial world, as constituting the indispensable basis of all progress in our times, and that this would be accom plished by the creation of tribunals of commerce, as organs' of the commercial world represented in them by its most devoted and intelligent members. Eighthly, and lastly, I maintain that the composition of a commercial code, in the first instance, is not necessary for the effi cient working of tribunals of commerce ; while on the other hand the creation of such tribunals would greatly tend to introduce unity both into the theory and the prac tice of commerce, and would facilitate the ultimate adop tion of a uniform system of commercial law, based on in telligible and universal principles, capable of embracing all the relations of commerce, whether national or inter national. In conclusion I trust we are all convinced that the principle we advocate is true, and that the movement for its realisation in Great Britain and Ireland is oppor tune. I have already stated my conviction that the great thing needed is the devel'o'pment of a sound public opinion in the hoghotar.-1.4 wend , 90.- 4 that 41 .0--.6.7aL , hm.nt of tribunals of commerce will do more than anything else to realise this object. But this same public opinion, the pro gressof which will be the result of commercial quarts, con stitutes the means, and the only means, by which their institution can be obtained. We must, therefore, first apply this great engine of modern times with all the sus tained and concentrated force of which it is capable. To call forth real public opinion wo need three things. We acad. : , first, a genuine public; next we require sound con victlions, generous feelings, and the courage to carry them out in obedience to the dictates of our coo science, and for the sake of a cause which we believe to bo the cause of in dustry, the cause of justice, and the cause of humanity. Lastly, for the full development of a public opinion wor thy of this great subject, and adequate to meet the exigen cies .of the task which it imposes on us, we require capable, honest, and devoted organs to give it shape and expres sion. Do you, then, each of you in your own sphere, be come the organs of this movement ; aid this cause by your commis, by your sympathy, and by your united action, and it will not, I trust, be long before the British merchant shall obtain his Magna Charta, his tribunals of commerc e . The CHAIRMAN, on behalf of the association, expressed his thanks for the valuable and interesting paper which Mr. Hutton had read. He regretted to see that the subject ex c e i o t n ed vi so nc e l i t h t i l s m e t y h m a pa t the thy, thinb u t a he t te n h d a a d n c e experience at the eno meeting t h oaf forded no just ground for despondency. The association for establishing tribunals of commerce WhS in a prosperous state, and was now formed on a secure basis. Mr. HUTTON, in acknowledging the thanks rendered to him, expressed the great pleasure he should feel if by any exertion on his part be had assisted in the accomplishment of an object which he regarded as of great importance to commercial interests. The proceedings then terminated. COLLISION AT SEA, AND LOSS OF TWENTY LIVES. LIVERPOOL, FRIDAY. On Wednesday evening a large ship belonging to Dublin, called the York, laden with timber, from Que bec, arrived in the Liffey, bringing intelligence of a fatal collision which took place early on last Thursday .morning between the ships Yeoman, of Liverpool, ;and the Helen Heilgers, of the same port, at a point between the Tuskar Rock and Ballycotton, and having on board thirty-two persons, who were the survivors of the crews of those vessels. The Yeoman, 1,100 tons, commanded by Captain Colquhoun, was on her passage from Liverpool to Castine, British America, with a cargo of salt. The Helen Heilgers, of about the same size, commanded by Captain Harris, with a miscellaneous cargo, worth upwards of 20,000 k, was homeward bound from Calcutta. About three on the morning above-mentioned a strong breeze blowing, and the weather being very' thick, the vessels came into collision with each other. The Yeoman had her star board tacks on board, and the Helen Heilgers was sailing very fast before the wind, and the latter vessel struck the former violently at her fore , rigging, knocking in her side. Within eight minutes afterwards the Yeoman went down. Four of her crew succeeded in clinging to the bowsprit rigging of the Helen Heilgers, but one of them is missing, and only - three have escaped, the names of whom are John King, 'Thomas Jason, and Alfred Creighton. All the rest of the ship's company, including the captain and officers, numbering 19 souls, perished. The Helen Heilgers was greatly injured by the shock, and the utmost efforts were made with the pumps to keep her afloat. At 8 o'clock the same morning the York came to her assistance, and took off her captain and crew of 29 men, together with the three sailors belonging to the Yeoman. After remaining for upwards of two hours alongside the Helen Heilgers, the York left her in a sinking state with 18 feet of water in the hold, and the sea washing her gunwales. The surviving sailors of the two unfortunate vessels were received into the Sailors' Home. They spoke in terms of praise of the manner in which they had been treated on board the York by Captain Farlale a , ,d his ship's company. . . 1 ANOTHER COLLTSTON.—The kilip Bonita, Captain Sturmley, which sailed from the Mersey on the morning of the let instant, came in collision the same night, when off Holyhead, with the ship Cambria, Captain Hoskin, from Moulmein, and l os t h er jib-b oom , cat . -ad, &c. She was compelled to return to port for re b.. The Cambria arrived i n p or t sa f e l y , w ith o nly psirs. 4 er damaged. her Wm- .. _ 'T.]—Holloway's 'Pills should be taken [A:Mkt/am, v. —Females at . a certain period of for the cure of Drops,lis .. ,ornFe ,f . 3' plaint, which first makes its We become liable to t the feet , legs, and hands, ' a pp ea rance by the swelling ._ strong tnrofm. : on the constitution. and thus making lc hen their cases Numbers of dropsied. patients,. even hro6d , kt , ~. I :oft ... a c a u mv r a e i in d agd b ys y : on t o a oa k o i t e hn g ee were pronounced hopeless, flolloway's pills; and this I.—Sold by all test of years as a certain remedy for No at Professor so afflicted should delay giving it a tn . % medicine vendors throughout the work I; London, and Solloway's Establishments, 244, Strand, 80, Maiden-lane, New York ;by A. Stamps', Constanti nople ; A. Guidicy, Sniyruft And B. la /14.3 1'4;11.4. TRIBUNAL OF COMMEBOR ASSOCIATION. A public meeting convened by the association for the establishment of tribunals of commerce was held on Satur day, at the London Tavern, for the purpose of receiving from Mr. H. Dix Hutton a statement intended to have been submitted to the congress for commercial reform, /recently held at Brussels. Mr. F. LYNg took the chair, and introduced Mr. Hutton, who, he said, had paid a great deal of attention to this matter. Mr. HUTTON said, having from his experience as an ad vocate become convinced of the radical insufficiency of the ordinary tribunals to administer justice in commercial affairs, and having resolved to spend a portion of his vaca tion in the study of those institutions which exist in France under the denomination of Tribunals of Commerce, he con ferred with Mr. Lyne, who requested him to represent this society at the Brussels Congress. Ho passed four weeks in Paris, whore he had every facility for the study of the Tri bunals of Commerce, and he prepared a statement setting forth the reasons why this society proposed the establish ment of tribunals of commerce in this country. That state ment was printed in French and English, and was now be fore them, but there was another which he proposed to read to them, which he prepared for the purpose of bring lug before the congress, but time did not allow of its being read in that assembly. It was, however, referred to a committee, and by them referred to a sub-committee, who reported that, considering that tribunals of commerce could judge of commercial affairs with less expense, and with more knowledge of commercial exigencies than the ordinary tribunals, they were of opinion that the institu tion of tribunals of commerce !lonia spread throughout Europe. Two questions were proposed by the congress to the delegates from each country. First, what are the obsta cles in the country which you represent in the progress of commerce ? Secondly, what remedies, if any, do you pro pose for their removal ? It was in answer to these ques tions that the statement which he would now read was drawn up. The ion. gentleman then proceeded to read the statement of which the following is an abstract : " The subject on which I have the honour of addressing you falls entirely within the programme which has been traced for us by the committee of organisation, for among the obstacles which impede the extension of our commer cial relations,' there are none whose existence is easier proved, or whose results are more deplorable, than those defects which unhappily prevail in the system of administering justice iu Great Britain and Ireland. These are, indeed, among the last, but they must also be reckoned among the most serious of the obstacles which deprive us of the full enjoyment of that commercial liberty for which England has pre-eminently and nobly struggled. The as sociation which I have the honour of representing, gentle men, at your congress is composed of bankers, manufac turers, and merchants, who, convinced of the extent and gravity of the evils which flow from such a state of things, have united in order to discover and put in practice the best mode of terminating this system, at once so disastrous and so disgraceful. We believe that the sympathies which such a task must elicit will be as extended as are our coins mercial relations, as profound as your attachment to the cause of free trade and yeur sentiments of duty; for to re, form the administration of commercial justice means nothing less than to introduce unity into the ideas, harmony into the feelings, and union into the acts of the commercial world. It is impossible to understand the faults of any system unless we first form an exact idea of the qualities which should belong to it in its normal state. As regards the judicial system these concern—first, the law itself; next, the organisation of the tribunal ; and lastly, the pro cedure. The true commercial law is made not only for, but also by merchants. It is true, in fact, a social pro duct, the gradual result of commercial experience and com mercial thought, habitually working in the sphere of their daily interests. The great jurists of former times were intimately convinced of this truth, and if the names of L'Hospital in France, or Mansfield in England, are destined to remain for ever upon the roll of benefactors of humanity, it is mainly because they deeply felt that the law and the bench should be little else than the intelligent organs of commercial thought. Besides, we must not forget that the principal defeats of the legal system existed then, just as now ; but their results were less serious at a time when commerce was comparatively small, and their evils were mitigated in practice by the great persoal eminence of the legal chiefs who then presided. The legal element was once progressive; now, unfortunately for society and for itself, it is no longer so as a whole, but, on the con trary, increasingly becomes an obstacle to progress and a fertile source of disorder in the mercantile world. This difference between the state of the law and of judi cial administration, formerly and now, becomes apparent when we contrast the ancient with the modern decisions, in which lait we perceive an ever increasing tendency to subordinate realities to fictions, and to place mere metaphysical abstractions in the place of those princi ples which, in fact, guide the practice of the commer cial world. Such are the inevitable results of the unhappy separation which now subsists between theory and prac tice. I will offer to your consideration one example (chosen among a thousand others like it), :as a practise' illustration of what I mean. We all know that agree ments relating to the manufacture and sale of the most im portant articles, on an extensive scale, are commonly re duced to writing, and we also know that it very frequently happens that in the course of carrying out the business it becomes necessary to vary the contract, sometimes in important particulars. Now, as the law stands, there is t b h on e a g fi r d e : t i e u s t t eu p t o i s u s u ib o le f t difficulty s i e g n en fo c r r c an i l n lY g j in ud s i n c n ia h lly na t s h es e and compelling the performance of the real contract be tween the parties, when one of then, is disposed to evade its obligations. This difficulty arises, in a great measure, from the technical rules of construction, and the equally technical rules of evidence, which the law sanctions; but it is also important to observe that it is especially in such instances that the practised intelligence of the manufac turer and the merchant is most needed, because it is best able to discriminate between cases of mere misapprehension and those of nsala fides. The law, as it now stands, in such cases, not, I fear, of unfrequent occurrence, enables the fraudulent contractor to evade the consequences of his own deliberate acts. Such are the effects of British injustice, checking manufactures, obstructing trade, and, lastly, de grading British character. There is but one remedy for theSe evils, and that consists in promptly establishing the normal state, confiding the charge of judging commercial affairs to those who have the dailysmanagement of there, that is to say, to the commercial world itself, represented by its raost;estimable, most intelligent, and most devoted mem bers. In every system, be it good or bad, a certain relation always subsists between the organisation and the func tions ; and thus, I am sorry to be obliged to tell you, that there is a perfect harmony between the legal spirit which has dominion over commerce, and the judicial organisation destined to apply it. With us cases of bankruptcy—espe cially as regards partnerships and joint stock companies-e -are conducted most unsatisfactorily, so much so that 3 believe merchants generally consider a very indifferent ar rangement preferable to the best result which could be ex pected from legal proceedings in the Bankrupt Court, or I under the Winding-up Acts. In these cases we continu ally perceive that the bankrupt law for the administration of assets, though ostensibly made for commerce, assuredly I was not made by commercial men, or for their use. For example, the case of the Tipperary Bank, now dragging its slow length along in the Irish Court of Chancery, were cotnmenced by a series of legal arguments based upon fifty distinct affidavits, made by as many English shareholders, represented by a numerous and distinguished bar. These discussions have already occupied at least 10 days in open court, before two different judges, and they may, and pro bably will, bEr continued before another judge of appeal, terminating only with the House of Lords. I must add, that these legal discussions form but an episode in this great - law-suit; that all the cases of these:so shareholders were, woirtthhato thesingle exception, essentially the same; an d, fi na ll y , that all thi s i s going on in the 19th century, and under a mul tin y f reformed system-, for as such th e w i n di ng - u p ac t s were h e ld 'public. If time per m itt e d, it wou ld b e eas y re m 0 exampl es o f j u di c i a l a d m i n i strat i on, w i t h sPer.l to the salvage claims, patents, and indeed every species of industrial transactions. Let us now pass to the procedure. b is m e kr u thpte courts,rev er Wl e at are the qu a liti es w hi c h c h arac t er i se a good syst em of procedure It should be simple, rapid, cheap, and certa i n. ly Th a t o f th e British tribunals is pre ooffoualrlatdhmisi.ralTtyheooaudrtme,intihe administration a n b o s f u o n u ee r of any tribunal competent to judge disputes relating to pa tents—the absurdities of our jury system even as regards ordinary civil transactions. and much more with respect to long the system e results remains commercial iiffairs—all these o ff er examples of those vices ofo nho organisation of which we s h a ll d eplore so g a unchanged. But if the law cishastnitllwwhoorisse.seeCkoionagpiluicsatitceed, , and o te wh subjectse,r e e s ah x s a p o p e ne n e t s ohh i flvyee costs, eoe u ws f n tees P c ne, e , do r ah t f n a tee i tt n n, n, in n t, places almost insuperable obstacles itself is absurd, an d the organisation bad, the procedure in the way o f the suer a o d n d ly it t to o n th t p o p h a a ym avy en p t an o a f tt w ie h a a t t n an amount far greater than the original demand. We t have now to consider what remedy we should a pply, It aiffhaoirse,ap7todi representing, consists, I think, in committing the judgment of mercan thhoeurhliyghadesint i d n e i: r t n e e r , th th es e e mercan tile affairs to men chosen from the classes which daily a n d t Yandthee i a n l halfao l f l y tl has, ,ebi century,tl3e. e p x l r ple n v r P e i l, d s ' i n t Y e t e: d o i o nn s o z o . n g d i e g n d h o n l ini:ofinne morenn principlet hn worth, s n m e g an ss the thus stated, and the practical advantages which commerce and industry i n all its branches deri ve from th e creation of tribunals of commerce. Belgium , also PPssesses these invaluable courts • but, their ogo cou , as rgani- , • is eseteitielly oihillar to th at of the French trihttutas, I