The Sun. — London, England, 1831-06-04 00:00:00

season. We wonder what the Quarterly Review and other journals, which opposed us in our views respectin , the course and terminatiou the Niger, will now say to the discovery of the Landers. They were wrong, and we arc proved to have been right. (From the Literary Gazette of this day.) The discovery of the termination of the course of the Niger, upon which we promised last week to offer some geographical remarks, will be of the greatest importance to geography, to our political power, and to civilization. With regard to geography, perhaps the con tradiction which was afforded by the various sources whence we derived our knowledge of the character of the interior of Africa, and of the course of, next to the Nile, the most re nowned, and, as was considered, from the same accounts, the greatest river of that country, have in late times, given unlimited zest in the pursuit of further information, and has not in the least detracted from the pleasure with which we find that we are indebted to our countrymen for the solution of this all-absorbing problem. It ap pears, that among the ancients many facts con. fleeted with the geography of the interior of Africa were well known, which have still been an object of discussion among the moderns ; and of these, we many enumerate the occurrence of a large lake or marsh (for it is either, at different seasons of the year), whose real existence,beyond the speculations of geographers, was very un satisfactorily established, until the journey of Denham and Clapperton ; and the fact of the occurrence of a great river in the west, emptying itself into the ocean, though many were of opinion that it lost itself in an inland marsh, or in the desert, while others supported the opinion of its identity with the Nile of the Egyptians. The researches of Ptolemy and the Arabian geographers on the Nile of the Negroes, and in later times the travels of Leo Africanus, who was a Moor of Grenada, demonstrated the absurdity of this opinion ; and how extraor dinary that, in the boasted perfection of human intellect, it should have been broached several centuries afterwards, and that the barometric levellings of Bruce should have been necessary to enforce conviction ! It is not at all impro bable that Hanno, the Carthaginian, as ad vanced by Macqueen, reached the Bight of Benin, or of Biafra ; and certainly the geogra phical information obtained on these countries b ) flerodotus and Edrisi was more accurate than the speculations of many modern geographers. Observation had demonstrated to the moderns that no large river emptied itself into the ocean on the north-west coast, though it required a more accurate acquaintance with the Senegal and the Gambia before it was fully ascertained that they were not the outlets of this great stream. The progress of navigation along the south-eastern shores of Africa also showed that no large river emptied itself into the sea along that coast ; while the settlements of the Portu guese on the coast to the south of Cape Lopez, led them, at an early period, to adopt the opinion afterwards supported by Mungo Park and Mr. Barrow, that one or more of the rivers in their vicinity were the outlets of the great river of the interior of Africa. Two celebrated geographers, D' Anville and Major Rennell,however, espoused the theory of the waters emptying themselves into the Wangara, or great marsh : which argu ment underwent various modifications in the hands of different geographers ; and though the probability of its emptying itself into the Gulf' of Guinea had been pointed out on the continent, and vigorously supported in this country, an ex pedition was fitted out to explore the Congo or Zaire, which, though unfortunate to the indivi duals concerned, was yet satisfactory in a geo graphical point of view, and demonstrated that the rivers south of Cape Lopez were not the outlets of the waters of the Niger, and gave ori gin to a speculation which partook of all the cha- Tacters of a romance of the desert, beneath the sands of which its author buried the gigantic stream, loaded with the waters of the Wangara or Lake Tchad, to make it flow into the Medi terranean at the Syrtis of the ancients. In the history of geography there are no ex amples of greater perseverance and courageous determination than in the efforts made to tri umph over the difficulties presented in the solu tion of this important question. Since 1815, there has scarcely a yea r passed in which a new attempt has not been made ; and of these, if we recede a little farther back, twenty-five w ere made by our countrymen, fourteen by French men, two by Americans, anti one by a German ; of which but a small number, since the days of Houghton, have not fallen victims to their heroic devotion. Ailing° Park first observed the direction of the stream which had become as much an o bj e ct of discussion as its termination; and strange to sa y, after the present discovery, it will, in some parts of its course, still remain so. The un fortunate traveller just alluded to, previous to his descent of the river, obtained some information from Moors and from negroes, on its course by Timbuctoo. he Jimmie of Park is synony mous with Jenne, Gino, DhjennO, of other writers, as Jenn 6 has again been confounded with Kano or Kanno. It may be a figurative term—for the Jimmie of Park was on an island as was the Jetin;!, of the Moorish reports, while the Jenne of some travellers is at a short dis tance from the river. This cannot be the case with regard to Timbuctoo, which is visited by caravans twice a year from Morocco ; nor is the name met with any where, except the two first syllables in the town of Timbo, which cannot be mistaken for Timbuctoo. Major Laing had discovered the source of the Niger to be in the mountains of Loma, in 9 d egre es L seconds west latitude, and had ascer tained its course for a short distance from its source. We were also aware of the existence of one or two streams joining the great river, or branchin g from it near Timbuctoo. De Lisle had marked a river Gambarra, on his maps drawn up f or L oy i s XV., and not without good a uthority. Thi s i s the river n ' cold g froni fioussa ; and the Joliba of mod ern tra i Nellers . a river, we could prov e , f rom t h e concurring testimony of a variety of sources, with,cominr from tlt the north - west , and joining its watersis to say flowing into, t he Niger, in the imme diate" neighbourhood of Timbu c t oo ; still at that point the Kowarra, or Quo rra o f the Moors,' or Quolla of th e ne g roes, who always change the r for /; a name which, according to Laing, it has at its sources—according to Clapperton it preserves beyond Timbuctoo, and is pro bably still the name of the same stream a s its embouchure i n the Bight of Biafra. The Quarrama is another tributary stream which passes by Sacca too, and falls. into the Quorra above Youri and above the point . where Mungo Park was wrecked ; and time line ot country between this river and the Shashum, comprising the hills of Doochee, of Naroo, and of Dull, is the line of water-shed to the rivers joining the Quorra on the one hand, and those emptying themselves into the Wangara on the other. The course given by Sultan Bello, and the information obtained by Major Denhatu, both pointed out a river coursing to the east, which is probably the branch followed by the Landers ; for its termination in Lake Tchad had not even an air of probability; though it is not, on the other hand, at all improbable that other branches empty themselves into the Bight of Benin, by the rivers Formosa or Volta, according to information given to Captain Clapperton and Major Laing. 'e had intended to embody some remarks upon the pretended journey of Caillie ; but we find we have already occupied too much space in details necessary to make the geographical nature of the question well understood ; and we shall content ourselves with remarking, that the discovery of the termination of the Quorra, or Niger, tends to throw a degree of improba bility upon the narrative of that individual, which it will require much ingenuity to explain away. It is certain that the latitude given to Timbuctoo by the editor of those travels, and upon which sufficient ridicule has already been thrown in the Edinburgh Geographical Jour nal, may be considered as an error entirely of the editor's, ho, by taking it upon himself, will relieve the burden of the mistake from the traveller, and thus lighten the weighty doubts which might in consequence bear upon the remainder of the details ; for the situation of that city, as given by Jomard, is quite incon sistent with the situation it must be in, from the ascertained source, direction, and termination of the river. There can be no doubt but that a portion of the labours presented to the public as the travels of Caillie are founded upon valid documents, wherever obtained, and probably most of the errors are those of the editor. But though authorities can be found in support of the division of the Quorra into two branches; one of which, the Joliba, flows to the north west, and the other in an almost opposite di• rection,—a fact which has no analogy in geo graphy, and, what is better, no existence in na ture ; yet no authority can be found for placing Timbuctoo on a river flowing north from the Niger. The details which will be given to us by the results of this successful expedition will then, not only be of assistance in allaying the existing condition of things with the knowledge of the ancients, but it will enable us to reduce to a few facts the many contradictory statements which ' have originated in the variety of the sources of information, and the individual and national rivalry which the interest of the question gave birth to among the geographers of the present day. It will also be of importance, as it was connected with a great question, as to the pos sibility of a large river traversing au extensive continent, or losing itself in a marsh or lake, or being buried in the extensive sands of the desert. By laying open the interior of Africa to us, it will increase our political strength and com mercial advantages on those coasts ;—it will en able us to put into practice an amelioration long contemplated by Mr. Barrow, in the choice of our settlements on those coasts ;—it will place the greatest and most important vent of the bar barous and inhuman traffic of negroes in our possession ; and it will enable us to diffuse the benefits of superior intelligence among an igno rant and suffering people. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. FRENCH PAPERS. (From the ~Tlessager des Chambre.i of Thursday.) PARIS, JuNE I.—Many of the unreflecting part of the community foolishly cry out about war be tween Belgium and France, on account of the coo t, nts of Lord Ponsonby's communication relative to the limits of Belgium, more especially as that com munication promises the new State the junction of the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, in spite of the King of Holland's determination to maintain his possession of that country, which he deems a right ful appanage of his family. It is also required of King William to make other sacrifices which may not merely affect his own house, but even Holland as a State. Lemburg is demanded and the Dutch ptor•ince of Zealand, called Pays de Cadsand, situated upon the left bank of the Scheldt. It is asked—is this just ; should those territories form a part of the Austrian Pays Bas which are now Belgian ? They did not form a part of it in 1792, at the commencement of the war of the revolution ; Belgium, as we now consider it, was united to France after having been conquered from Austria ; Maestricht and the left bank were not comprehended in the first union. It was not until after the war with Holland that these territories were united to France, by the treaty of the 27th Flora , al, in the year 3. Holland can then claim them as belonging to her by anterior possession previous to its actual connection with Belgium. One of the most enlightened members of the Belgian Congress, M. Nothomb, agreed, in the last sitting, that the right of Holland to the left bank of the Scheldt was ineontestible ; and that elsewhere, this country not having taken any part in the Belgian revolution, nor having sent any Depu ties to the Congress, there were no grounds for claiming it, either by the right of ancient possession, by political or conventional agreement. The Belgian State, without Msestricht and the left bank of the Scheldt, flanks Holland on two ' sides. But if these two frontiers are given to Bel gium, they are taken away from Holland ; one of these States is exposed for the security of the other; and Holland, looking to priority of date, would have more cause to complain of injustice than Belgium. It appears, then, to be just, that these territories should be left in the hands of the most ancient pos sessor; and this is simply what the letter of Lord Ponsonby goes to establish. The left bank of the Scheldt would not otherwise be sufficient to procure the complete security of the provinces of Antwerp and Ghent, and the free navi gation of that river to the Belgians ; they would still require Flushing and the Isle of WTalcheren, for the very keys of the Scheldt are at Flushing. It would be then to despoil Holland for the conve nience of the new Belgian State, which, without Nlaestricht and its left bank, would be, at least, in point of population and defensive resources, as powerful as Holland. It was the possession of Luxemburg which affected in a most essential and fundamental manner the limi tation of Belgium ; this possession being hencefor ward guaranteed by authority, it cannot be seen how rile honour of Belgium can be now interested in making a war for that which is to be granted ! and it could scarcely be wise in them to compromise their national existence by seeking for other te►ri tories, by risking the chances of a war in which justice would not be on their side, and which would be acting in violation of treaties now regarded as the law of nations, as Lord Ponsonby has well said, whose letter breathes forth the most cordial and sincere sympathy for the cause of Belgian indepen. (knee. The cry of war uttered on this occasion by some excited individuals, in a hasty moment of self-love, will soon be calmed, we hope, by an impartial exa mination of the question. They will iscover that by the yielding of Luxemburg the - Belgian State will be definitively constituted; but if disordered ; passions precipitate the country into the hazardous pursuit of conquest, in opposition to the councils of France and England, and the genuine interests of Belgium, we are satisfied that the good sense of the citizens will resist the ill-advised project, and that the principle of continued peace in Europe will pre vail in Belgium over the clamours of a party. The Augsburgli Gazette gives the following ex tract of a letter from Bologna, dated May 19:— " The Austrian garrison of Ancona are preparing t., retire, in order to admit the troops of the Pope, and oars also will take its departure as Loon as it is sup posed it may be withdrawn with safety. Switzer land objects to the army of the Holy See being re cruited from the Cantons. It is asserted that his Holiness is endeavouring to induce the Irish to en list in his service. Until this be accomplished, the Austrians are forced to remain, for fear a new corn. motion should break out. The public mind is still greatly unsettled, and one agitator would easily create fresh troubles." Letters from Lucerne state, that on the 17th ult. M. de Severine, the Russian Minister, delivered to the President of the Canton Direction, M. Amrhyn, note in answer to the Swiss declaration of n eutrality, which is in the same sense and spirit as the answer of Austria. It appears that both these Cabinets would have preferred that Switzerland should have suffered her neutrality to remain dormant, rather than have asserted A circular from the Carton Direction of Switzer land declares that France renounces the Article of the Convention which stipulates for the mutual ex pulsion of criminalsbetween the two States. Another circular from the Count de St. Aignau, French Am bassador to the Swiss Diet, gives notice that all persons passing through France, ►with the intention of emigrating to America, must be furnished with passports, and sufficient pecuniary means to support them. The King of Sweden will visit Norway in the course of the present month. This excursion will occupy about six weeks. A letter from St. Pierre (Martinique), dated April 15, gives a deplorable account of the stagna tion of commerce in that colony. It says," Provi sions are at an enormous price. Although we have had a supply of 2,000 barrels of American flour, yet we shall soon be in want of it again, unless we receive supplies from Frame." The Envoy from the Dey of Tunis to the King of the French has arrived at Paris. His name is Sidy Benajet, and he belongs to one of the first fa milies in that Regency. Sidy Benajet is Go vernor-General of Gerbi, and is respected in the country for his integrity. The Dey himself is sin cerely attached to him. He is about fifty years of age, and of a handsome personal appearance. He has several sons, who are Governors of different places, and who, like their father, are esteemed by the public. He bas brought with him one of his grandsons. Government is engaged in devising precautionary measures against the introduction of the cholera rnorbus thrarrgh vesse's arriving from the Baltic, and orders will be issued to prevent the immediate com munication between persons arriving from the in fected countries with the inhabitants of the ports at which they may land. The first measure will, it is said, be taken at Dieppe and Havre. M. Victerin Fabre, formerly editor of the Tri bune, and one of those who signed the protest in July, died on Monday. Yesterday M. Leon Pillet, responsible editor of the Journal de Paris, appeared before the Court of Assizes for a I.bel against the Procureur-General, M. Persil, in his official capacity. M. Persil did not appear in person, and abandoned his claim for personal damages. M. Leon Pillet offered his own defence. The Jury pronounced his acquittal, and condemned M. Persil personally in costs. We take the following from the Patriote de l'Ouest :—" According to a calculation, which we have every reason to believe correct, the number of men who have joined the standard of revolt in the departments of Deux-Sevres, Main et Loire, Mor bihan, La Vendee, Finisterre, and Loire Inferieure, is not less than 5,000, all of whom are completely armed arid in no want of money. A Nobleman, o ho resides in the neighbourhood of Bressuire, has, within the last four months, borrowed upwards of 100,000 francs, which, with good reason, is sup posed to be employed in supporting the rebels. According to a letter from Poitiers, of the 26th ult., it appears that a strong band of malcontents having fallen upon a regiment that was about to cutter the town of La Fleche, a dreadful contest ensued, in which many fell on both sides. The advantage, however, was on the side of the troops, and the assailants were driven back, and took refuge in a neighbouring chateau, where they were again a'- tacked, and put to the sword to a man, but not without the loss of many brave soldiers." (From the Moniteur of Wednesday.) PARIS, MAY 31.—Several Journals published some weeks ago very circumstantial details relative to the ill-treatment which P. rI. Poritecoulant, at the time of his having arrived at Berlin, is alleged to have experienced from the Charge d'Affaires of France at the Court of Prussia. Information which has reached us proves to demonstration, that those details are wholly fictitious. We will add, that those who know Prince Mortier never could enter tain a doubt on the subject. (From the 4ifessager des Chambres of Thursday.) ORAN, MAY 14.---We do not know the fate of Tremezen. The two Envoys of Colonel Deful have not yet returned. 'ie town of Musraganim has revolted, and, ac criding to the Turkish custom, the Bey Lieutenant has caused eight tribes of Arabs to be massacred. It is feared that this act of cruel•y may be fatal to the new Government, and hinder the arrival of pro visions in the town. Hitherto the manner of treat ing the Arabs has always been found successful by the Turks, whose policy consists of spreading terror among the tribes in order to dispose them to obe dience. The Arabs will not be reduced to this degree of degradation, unless fear be the only senti ment which can affect those tribes in the present state of their civilization. The deep hatred which these fanatical people bear to us seems to extend to the Tunisians, merely because they are our allies. Their contempt for us is equally visible, and we have daily proofs of it in the most ordina►y actions of life. Lately the Colonel was caressing a pretty child four or five years old, which ran a►vay, crying to him, " Christie!' dog, may the devil strangle you !" They often say to us, "Go back to France ; what business have you here ?" Yet never was yoke more easy. They pay no tribute ; sell their commodities to us at a high price, and the strictest justice is administered. The following are some particulars of the lament able expedition of 128th April last, undertaken by order of the Bey, in which the aged, the women, and children of eight tribes were massacred, and subjected to all the dreadful excesses that the most licentious soldiery can be guilty of. Among the great number of heads brought to the Bey, there was none that could have belonged to a man able to defend himself. The expedition, composed of 500 Turks or Tu nisians, left Oran at ten o'clock at night; it attacked the tribes of the Bedouins before day-break. The armed men had time to mou►►t their horses and escape, but the old men, the women, and children fell victims to the rage of their enemie , . The Turks and Tunisians brought baci; 5,000 head of oxen, sheep, and goats. This was doubtless the real object of the expedition. Since that day (28th of April) no Arab has come to the market; corn does not arrive ; the horsemen of Muatapha and Mussorti have removed to a distance, for fear of a similar visit. An inveterate hatted and a resent ment, which the Arabs cannot conceal, have suc ceeded to the appearances of pacification, and the Tunisian Government has lost in one day the fruit of all the advances that it had made in order to co►t ciliate the good-will of the country. The day sub sequent to this expedition, two inhabitants of Oran were assassinated on the road from Oran to 'Niers eb-Kebir. An expedition of 600 men is going to be sen• against the revolted town of Mustaganim. PARIS, JUNE I.—EXCHANGE OF PARIS, MAY 31. —None of the alarming news which were circulated yesterday has ben confirmed. The message of Lord Ponsonby may, indeed, give occasion to some diffi culties, and to some warm debates in the Congres• ; but it. is not to be supposed that that Assembly will, in the end, seriously think of contending against the unanimous will of the five Great Powers; and it is to be inferred that it will submit to conditions, which, besides, are founded on justice and reason. It is thus that the question has been considered on 'Change to-day; and our funds, which were dull at the opening, have risen more than a franc during the day. Letters from London, of 28th May, announce that the Countess of St. Leu (Hortensia Beaultarnais), the wife of Louis Buonaparte, has arrived at Lon don. It seems that the whole family of Napoleon is going to England. Le Constitutionnel—" Lord Ponsonby's letter has produced its effect; every thing is again involved in uncertainty for Belgium—consequently for France— consequently for Europe. The positive promises which we had made to our neighbours had raised their hopes ; and now all these promises prove to be deceptions. The consequence of this odious ma noeuvre has been a general indignation throughout the population and Congress. They even talk of taking immediate possession of the disputed terri tory. The recognition of Belgium is illusory, if its natural frontiers be not secured to it; and France, mote than any other State, ought to desire that it should be so. The interest of the British Cabinet, on the contrary, is that Belgium should not be able to exist by itself, but be compelled to seek support from England. It is very well for the Administra tion of Lord Grey to act in accordance with this view of the case; but we trust that our Govern ment will not forget that, for Belgium to be a useful ally to France, it is necessary that it be strong and independent." _ _ _ Le National says that the ruling principle of the diplomacy of the present Government is to sacrifice the honour and the interests of France, in her ex ternal relations, for the sake of consolidating at home the dynasty of July. It then argues that France is sufficient for her own protection without truckling to other Powers, and buying their recog nition at the disgraceful price of the abandonment of Belgium; and concludes, that if Ministers dared, in the absence of the Chambers, to take any part against the Belgians, they Nould be guilty of high treason against the country, for which the new Chamber would not perhaps think a journey to Ham sufficient expiation. The right of the Polignac Ad ministration to undertake the war against Algiers was warmly disputed, and that involved only the question of an army and a few millions; here the honour of France is at stake. La Quotidienne accuses the French Cabinet with being mere puppets, acting under the influence of the English Government. It remarks that, while England was uncertain of having a Prince of its own choice on the throne of Belgium, it objected to the country being formed into a compact king dom by the union of Luxembourg. Then France objected too. Now, on the contrary, as Leopold is to be King, the case is altered, and England sees fit that Belgium should purchase Luxembourg, and France, as in duty bound, changes its opinion also; but it concludes that all these concessions for the sake of peace between France and England will be of no avail when a continental war breaks out. The former must turn its eyes on Belgium, and a quarrel will necessarily ensue. L'Avenir.—The letter of Lord Ponsonby is a page added to the barbarous code of our right of nations. We have trifled with the most legitimate hopes of the Belgians; and when we can no longer make their patriotism available for our own advantage alone, we plot their degradation in concert with the great Powers, and do not blush to hear an English Envoy threaten Belgium, the sister of France, with French bayonets. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. (FRO)[ OUR CORRESPONDENT.) PORTSMOUTH, JUNE 3.—His Majesty's ships Briton, 46, Captain Markland, and Childers, IS, Commander Deans, arrived from Lisbon this afternoon, having pirted company with the Windsor Castle, 76, Captain Bouverie, who was going into Plymouth, where she has arrived. They bring no news. His Majesty's sloop Pearl, 20, Corn. Broughton, went out of harbour and joined the fleet this day. The Semarang, 28, was paid off yesterday. The Blonde, 46, will be pa•d off to-morrow. The Brisk, 10, goes out of harbour to-morrow to join the fleet. The Windsor Castle, Talavera, Revenge, B irliam, and several smaller vlssels are daily expected. Now AT SPITHEAD —The Caledonia, 120, Prince Regent, 120, Asia, 81, Donegal, 78, Wellesley, 74, Briton, 16, Pearl, 20, and the Childers, 18. They will be accompanied by a large assemblage of the Ro•ial Yacht Club vessels. The fleet is still in want of men, and, from the pre judice existing among seamen against entering cert ships of war at this port, there is no probability of their crews being completed unless by marines, and there are not many of them to spare. The men s uy, that on board every ship carrying 50 guns and upwards there are three Commanders, viz.—Captain, Commander, and First Lieutenant, of whom either one or the other renders him se:f obnoxious to the ship's company. For instance, the Captain may be a very good officer, but b!ing very little on board while on home service, leaves the ship to the Commander, who is either good or bad; but he, too, leaves the ship to the First Lieutenant, who is a very severe, disagreeable officer, and renders the whole ship's company uncomfortable, aria their duties iiksome. Thus, among the three Commanders, for such there really are, one officer may be a very bad one, and cause an immensity of mischief, while the other two may be very good officers, but not being acquainted with it (as they ought be) do not interfere, and thus continues a system, which instils into the minds of the younger class of the Navy, who aim at possessing such commands hereafter, a most unfavourable impression of the duties they would have to perform when they had been fortunate enough to arrive at the pinnacle of their ambition. A case in corroboration of the above nay he cited from the knowledge of a recent Court-martial, held at this port, when a Captain of a donkey frigate was tried for ill-treating a boy belonging to his ship. On the witnesses being examined in support of the:charges, it was very distinctly proved that the Captain was a very kind man to his crew, and that he did not know of the punish ments to which the boy had been subjected. Also a frigate lately returned from a long voyage had a Captain - and First Lieutenant, who are generally forced to run in the same grain as the Captain, who were strange officers. During t h e voyage (not twelve months) each of the remaining Lieutenants, and nearly every officer belonging to her, were put under arrests, sonic on more than one occasion. The consequence was,that on the ship's arrival at this port, several of the officers obtained their discharge, and t h e men being averse to the treatment experienced at sea as well as in port, as soon as opportu nities offered were sure to run. 'i he men complain that they have not any liberty time on shore, as was formerly , t he custom, and certainly the re are none o f th e sa ilors be longing to the ships ever to b e seen a b out the town . Th e re ason assigned for this is, that from the treatment of the men on board, whets once they could get liberty they run away. Th ey a l so say, t h at t h ey are made would to do and undo everytLing belonging to the ship every day in the week, merely because they should have some thing to do, and render them efficient seamen. Whether suc h is required is not t o b e dec i ded by landsmen , b u t re port says, that the d u ti es , h owever light they may b e , are rendered very vexatious for the men by the officers. A day or two ago, as a boat arrived from S,ithead, three men addressed the Lieutenant of the boat, and were par tially engaged; but on the Lieutenant turning away from the boat, one of the crew rose and said, " if you knew what I did, you'd keep out of our Commander's clutches," to which something was added, and the three men went away, and would not enter. It is a subject that demands a serious inquiry, why, among so many men enter hicking is their Majesty'sieels about, shi p thewa s t t t h s s fport or o t la h t e e n l a p r a e i ti v. o .i ff l nagtultok Saturday our garrison, the reserve of the 37th, fire] a feu•de-joie in honou r of his MAJESTY'S birth. The j o y bells were kept ringing during the greater part of the d a y . The Independent Club House, in George's-street, was brilliAntly illutninat , d in the ev2ning.— Waterford Mirror. LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, JUNE 4, 1831. The jesuitical conduct of Austria towards the Poles, however much it may at present militate against their interests, will not, we suspect, in the end, he found disadvantageous to them. When the struggle with Russia is brought to a close, whether with or without the interference of the Great Powers, who should have inter fered before—when NICHOLAS, after sending detachment after detachment, General after General, army after army, for the avowed purpose of putting down, and exterminating in case of resistance, the " ungrateful Polish rebels"—when, after fulminating manifesto after manifesto, he still finds that Poland remains un subdued, and that his hopes of its entire subju gation are more a problem than ever—when, in fact, he finds himself compelled to negociate, and even to acquiesce in the independence of a country that once called him master,—then, when these negociations are concluded in favour of Poland— and that they will be concluded in its favour we arc more convinced than ever—then will be the tune for the victorious Polish patriots to settle their accounts with Austria. They will have a fine pretext for joining Galiicia to the new king dom, from the circumstance of the perfidious con duct of the METTERNICH Cabinet, which, while it professed an honourable and rigid neutrality, threw the whole weight of its influence into the scale of Russia. Had Gallicia remained neutral, it ►night possibly have been allowed to remain still in the possession of Austria ; but, as its Government has violated every principle of neutrality, it must be content to abide the con sequences. Meantime, while the gallant Poles are still involved in a hazardous war, in the prin ciple of which every nation in Europe is more or less interested, we would strongly re commend that a public subscription should be made in their favour. From the very com mencement of the struggle in which they are now engaged, these lion-hearted patriots have stoutly contended against the most fearful odds ; handed have they borne up against, and resisted the colossal power of NICHOLAS, and have thereby established a strong claim to the assist ance of every lover of freedom. We have received German Papers this morn ing, but their contents are unimportant : BOLOGNA, MAY . 19.—Letters from Ancona say that the garrison of that place is preparing to leave it. Papal troops will take its place. The Austrian garrison of our city is likewise to leave us as soon as it can be done, with out giving reason to apprehend bad consequences. Swit zerland has refused to allow recruiting for the Papal ser vice in the cantons, and tome persons pretend that his Holiness intends to take 10,000 Irish into his pay. But till he does this, the German troops must remain if the fermentation is not to break out again. People's minds arc still much excited, and it would be easy for some hot headed, inconsiderate persons to inflame them anew. It might be thought in foreign countries that the Italian, after the lesson which he has just received, would become more prudent; but those who have the opportunity of hearing hint on the spot are astonished at his credulity, at his simplicity and child,sh conduct in the most serious things, at the illusions by which he suffers himself to he led away,—in a word, at the inexperience of this ve teran of civilization. Last week a political petit-maitre at Massa Lombarda (a little town near Lugo), all at once took it into his head to display the tri-coloured co,kadc again. The garrison, consisting of seven carabineers, happened to be about. It was, therefore, easy for him to harangue in a coffee-house, to find hearers and partisans, and in the twinkling of an eye the revolution was effected, the gates were closed, and fetes of liberty held with the greatest enthu siasm, as if there were nothing to apprehend. In the evening the town was illuminated, and the same catabi avers appeared outside of the walls like seven evil genii. However, as they could nut get into the town they with drew, but returned next morning with a company of Germans, who soon put an end to the farce, and (sta- Wished the authority of the 1?ope among these thoughtless children. der S a c te n :t ‘ t F te r n i t i p A t u t s mf E a Y, MAY 2 n o ts .— ag T ai h r l i e foolish an d inconsi st has cot only failed in its object, but it may be wart antably . assunned, n take e nt of s the n ar s t i r e ul that all the points that might And ground for just com plaints, will he settled by the Commissioners of the Diet. They have already collected all the requisite information, L s itptl)ll.lo:lltalhieyi,teieodilgt, however t b i u , e t well in the city as in those parts of the country, where tl'e greatest agitation has prevailed, and wit.' respect to the latter have obtained the most satisfactory a s surances front the ma gistrates, to whom those scenes are said to have been very .lisagreeable, and who now, as usual on such occasions, not only ask indulgence for the i n dividuals who were e on , a o l e s l o le r d eg i u my ire v t io h l e er p ic u e nis t re peato the request that in the new Constitution due regard may be had to the equitable determination of the share of the city in time representation. The Comm is s i on er s of the Diet have issue:l a very The St. Asaph, of New York, abandoned and water. logged, was fallen in with the 2d ult. in lat. 41. Ion;. 47. The Belvidera, Fletcher, from Alexandria, has arrised off Scilly. The Novo, Aurora, from Pernambuco, nal the Ferro de ZOO, from Bahia, have arrived at Lisbon. THE MARKETS.-(THIS DAY.) COVENT-GARI There was a good supply at t trade was steady. Horse Radi bevies, Green Pease, and Asr this day se'nnight ; prices others s.d. s.d Potatoes (cwt.) New ditto (lb.) Co , bages (12 heads) 1 3 '2 6 Ditto Red 3 0 6 0 Horse Radish (bundle) 5 0 8 0 1 Rhubarb 0 6 0 91 Brocoli 1 0 2 0 Celery Carrots 12 bunches) 6 0 S 0' Young Turnips 3 0 5 0 Turnip Radishes 1 0 1 6 Colcworts or Greens 2 0 4 0 Young Onions 1 6 '2 6 Leeks 1 0 1 6 Sweet Oranges (100) 5 0 10 0 Seville Oranges 8 0 12 0, Lemons 8 0 14 th Asparagus French Beans 1 0 2 0 Cos Lettuces (score) 1 6 '2 0 Cabbage ditto 0 4 0 9 Cucumbers (brace) 0 4 1 Ii DEN MARKET. this morning's market, and the ish, Turnips, Coleworts, Straw paragus, were cheaper than on ise about stationary. s.d. Spinage (half sieve) 0 4100 6 Old onions 2 0 4 Green Pease 2 0 3 0 Gooseberries 1 0 2 6 Currants 4 0 6 0 Apples 4 0 12 0 ,Span. Chesnuts (peck) 6 0 10 0 :French ditto Spanish Hazlenuts French Walnuts 6 0 10 0 Brazilian Nuts 0 4 0 Eng. Grapes (per lb.) 1 0 3 0 Foreign 0 8 1 0 Cherries 0 0 5 0 Pine Apples (lb.) Sca-kail (punnnet) Endive I) 6 0 9 Small Sallad Radishes (12 hands) Oll 1 6 Apricots (pottle) 0 6 0 8 Strawberries 1 3 1 9 Peaches (dozen) 24 0 30 0 HAY MA RK ETS.—(At per Load of 36 Trusses.) CUMBERLAND (LATE ST. JAMES'S.) Coarse heavy Lowland Meadow Hay £2 5 to £2 1 i New Meadow Hay 0 0 0 it Useful Old Ditty 2 10 3 15 . ... Fine Upland Meadow and Rye-grass Hay 4 5 4 10 i lover Hay 3 10 5 10 Oat Straw £1 12 to £1 14 1 Wheat Maw... IIS 2 2 Supply rather limited, and trade somewhat brisk; prius as last quoted. SMITHFIELD. Coarse heavy Lowland Meadow Hay £2 1) to £2 15 New Meadow Hay 0 0 0 0 Useful Old Ditto __ Fine Upland Mea low and Rye-grass Hay 3 15 4 4 Clover Hay (extra fine)...Xs 10... Generally 3 ►) 4 10 kiat Straw Bto .£1 121 Wheat Straw 1 12 1 It; A moderate supply, and a steady trade; prices stall mary. THE WATERING PLACES OF GREAT BRITAIN. We have just seen the two first numbers of a work, to be continued monthly, entitled the " Waterinz Places of Great Britain and Fashionable Directory." So far as we may venture to form an opinion at pre sent, we have no hesitation in saying that we think the work likely to become popular; attract . ve it certainly is; for the embellishments, the chief f mute of the work, are numerous and well selected, and the literary explanations short and pertinent. LORD CHANCELLOR BROUGHAM.--This truly great man, we underntand, intends to visit Ire'and during the present summer, and will adynirn at Knock lofty, the residence of the Earl DONOUGHMORE, for some d ys. The presence of this child of Liberty and champion in Reform will be hailed with delight by every grade and persuasion of our countrymen, for even the most besotted admire his splendid talents and acknowledge the benefits he has conferred on mankind. We may, therefore, use in his ragird our national phrase, and truly say, " a hundred thousand welcomes" await him.— Tipperary Free Press —[The autumn, we apprehend, will be far advanced before the LORD CHANCELLOR can venture on leaving Londoa for Ireland.l The following is the authorized statement of what took place between the Bishop of LONDON and Dr. Rice:-The Bishop of LONDON having had his attention directed to the report of a public meeting in the parish t f St. Luke, in which Dr. RICE, the curate, told the persons present that " their politicd Messiah was come," sent f Dr. RICE, and stated to him, that as he had no right to interfere with the political opinions of any of his clergy, so he had no desire to prevent the expression of those opinions in any manner consistent with the clerical cha • racter ; but that he felt himself bound to censure an appli cation of the most sacred terms, which was little short of profane. Dr. RICE admitted having used the express on above quoted, or something equivalent to it, and said tat he did not see any harm in it. The Bast-toe then said, he apprehended it would impair the good opinion entertai_e of Dr. Rice by the more religious of his parishioners, and asked him whether, if he had heard any person so emp!oy the equivalent term of CHRIST, and designate any human being as a " l olitical CHRIST, " he would not have • een shucked? Dr. RICE acknowledged that he would, and said that he had not seen it in that light, and that allowance most be made for words uttteied in the warmth of sq-eak jog. The Hastier said " Certainly; but that Clerg)men • would do well not to run the risk of saying such things ; and that in times of popular excitement, whatever side they might espouse, it was better for them, with a view to maintaining their spiritual influence unimpaired, to avoid taking part in public discussions." After some eon. versation, no part of which had any reference to the Re. form Bill, the Bishop added, that he had mentioned the matter thus privately to Dr. RICE, not intending to take any further notice of it.— Times. TRINITY COLLEGE.—A BLEND MAN OB TAINING FIRST SIZARSHIP.-The following seven gentle men obtained Sizarships yesterday : —HAMILTON, WEIR, LEAGIIY, WILSON (HUGH), APNULTY, WILSON, (JAMES), MANN. The most singular feature on the present occa sion is, that Mr. HAMILTON who obtained the first place, has bten blind from his birth. In what manner he ac• quired his extraordinary classical knowledge we have not been able to ascertain ; but the fact, as was natural, excited much astonishment in College. His Latin, we understand, was beautiful. Mr. LuBY read the English (a translation front Liss-) to him, and he dictated the Latin. The other Examiners, in the same manner, nad to him the various passa;es in which they wished to examine him ; and when some, to try his memory, read the taxt wrong, he detected the imposition a;; once, and cot rected it. _ . His Grace the Duke of RICHMOND has relin quished the greater part of his p atronage i n t h a appoint ments connected w ith his office. I-Es Grace has establi,hed a regulation by which all vacancies of postmasterships are to be filled up by officers of the department, who from length of service are entitled to an increase of ray, and from the superannuated list. A very curious detection of correspondence in newspapers has been lately discover? (I; it appears the correspondence was kept up by urr er scoring the necessary words in the paper which coma nicated the sender's intention. DAY AT ONK O'CLOCK. PRICES OF STOCKS THIS Bank Stock 3 per Cent. Red 8 314% 3 per Cent. Cons. 3 per Cent. 91% Ditto Red 9l 1,.i New 3V,per Cent shut 3 per Cent Ann. 1726 - 4 per Cent. 151 - 26 - Bank Long Ann to expire Jan 5, 196 0 l7 1-16 Oct. 10, 1859 - Jan. 5, 19.60 - Jan. 5, 1880 - April 5, 1990.. - Jan. 5, 1970 - New 5 per Cent. India Stock Ditto Bonds 5 3.pm. South Sea Stock Old Annuities. New Ditto 3 per Cent. Ann. 1751 Ex Bills, £1,000...17 IS 16 pm Ditto .... ..... 500-17 111 17 pun. 'Ditto Small Ditto Commercial Ditto Advertised —lam• Bank for Account — India for Account ...... Cons. for July 20 5.1%14 A, 7a • tRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCF. Austrian Bonds — Neapolitan _ Brazilian Bonds 63N 3 Peruvian Bonds l2l' Buenos Ayres 80nd5......... Portuguese Bonds Chilian Bonds — Prussian, Old Colombian Bonds ............. Ditto, New Ditto, 1824 tiaWsh Greek Bonds — --i 1823 — Ditto, 1825 Guatimala — --- Exchange —t --e. Mexican Bonds .... ...... 30 2':1 1 •i ---- 2 per cent. Ditto, pzio , — -- Exchange 2 5, so, PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. Paid. Per Share, Brazilian imp. Min. Co. (ss. at 5/. pm.) VA Ditto National l5 Protector Insurance Comp. £1 8 6 PRICES OF IRISH STOCKS, DUBLIN, JUNE 1. Bank Stock Consols, 3 ner cent. Gov. Stock, 3,,', per cent. i 0 1 A i , National Ditto — Ditto, New 90% ;Patriotic Ditto — 4 per Cent — !Hibernian Bank Gov. Deb. 3i percent.... 577 1 . :Provincial Ditto — Royal Canal Stocic ... ...... Royal Irish Mine — Grand Canal Stock —'lmperial Mine — City Deb. 4 per cent — Mining Co of Ireland Ballast Office Deb. 4 p. c. 'Commercial Buildings — country people, and the general opinion now is that no in• vestigation or punishment shall take piles on accoun of the disturbances that have occurred, and that without any declaration of amnesty every thing shall be buried io. oblivion. The city of Schaffhausen will lay down its arms as soon as it is secure against similar attacks, and it will undertake no military expeditions into the country, which naturally keep animosities alive, and it is to be ex pected that the country people will lay aside for the future all such riotous proceedings against the city. Whether the Council of the Constitution may n it admit some prudent modific ition into the proposed Constitution, or will insist on its being either accepted or rej cted, is another question, which remains to be decided. The following communication has been re ceived at LLOYD'S this morning, dated Lisbon, 11lay 25: " The squadron having received orders by the Carron steamer, will sal to-morrow, leaving a brig and a corvette for our protection. Mr. Hopperer (acting Consul) went off in the steamer, and spoke with one of the French fri gates ; he learnt that they had captured three Portuguese vessels, but their names are unknown. " It appears that no blockade or hostilities are intended, except against the Portuguese flag." 26.—The weather has been tremendous since list night. The Portuguese will not allow their vessels to put to sea for the present." SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE-(THIS DAY.) FROM LLOYD'S. DEAL, JUNE 3.—Wind N.E. to E.N.E.—Airiv.til James Daly, Cullis, from Jamaica. PORTSMOUTH, JUNE 3.—Wind S.—Arrived h!s Ma. jesty's ships Briton and Childere, from Lisbon. FALMOUTH, JUNE 2.—Wind E. to S.E. light 1 reaes. —Arrived the Egham, Turner, from Cadiz. CORK, MAY 31.—Wind S.S.E.—Sailed his Majesty's ship Pike, for Plymouth. DARTMOUTH, JUNE 2.—Arrived the Be'ge, D.,hoor, from Batavia; and Joseph Fenton, Henderson, from Rio Janeiro. LIVERPOOL, JUNE 2.—Arrived the Paget,' Bascomb, from St. Vincent's ; and Broke, Crosby, from St. Michael's. SCILLY, MAY 30.—Arrived the Minei va, Richards, from Sierra Leone ; and Active, Steer, from Newfoundland. Off port. the Brazil packet Cornelius, from Bahia ; Bel videra, Fletcher, from Alexandria ; James, M'Cornock, from Charleston; and Elizabeth, from Sicily. COURSE OF EXCH4 Amsterdam C.F.12 2 Ditto, at sight 11 19 Rotterdam 2 U 12 2 Antwerp 12 3 Hamburg M. 8.13 12 Altona 13 121 Paris, 3 days' sight 25 25 Ditto 2 U. 25 55 Bordeaux Berlin Frankfort on Maine, Ex. M. 1501 l'etersburgh, ruble, :3 Us. 10 0 Vienna, effective B. 2M. 10 0 Trieste do 10 0 Madrid 37 ki Cadiz 374 Bilboa Barcelona Seville 3654 Gibraltar 47 Ebr NGE YESTERDAY. 'Leghorn 4B Genoa 25 55 Venice 46 Malta 46 Maples . 3 9 14 Palermo per oz. 119 Lisbon Oporto 46% Rio Janeiro Bahia — Buenos Ayres — Dublin, 21 days' sight l% Cork l% BULLION, PER OZ. X. s. d. Portugal Gold, coin 0 0 0 Foreign Gold, in bars 3 17 101 New Doubloons 0 0 0 New Dollars Silver bars.standard 0 0 0 ;PONDENTS. TO CORR Z.'s request cannot be complied ceive, it is wholly impracticabl lidence in the Provincial I'ape full and faithful report of the spondent. with. As he himself must per le. Besides, we have every con which will no doubt give a dinner alluded to by our Corre- ; LAW I CAME ' 4 nie earrit search at euurt wool , Itutat e ellen' Mr. AN! aid h e adtn City of the e ase Lord 1 4 teid e d t h a liable under ' l eeessary tt t han said 11, had ;in' tier (amid t. Itir the cart 6 sure yon knd then w Lord TE 4 leot to lot 'Mt' of the Applieat t he ti efend a i t had b een 4 c.n4t upo alation, Mr. Serj rule to to t hdant ship Mr. Seri ptil , 3 on th td for th I P hintiff's : ) 'e he (11 I jfig ealle ' 4 411 he C d Mr. Set 444 y nto The Lor i ht i n mot : tl M 1 be e n IT ed to The (--;; crtict.s t N l tilicat ion z Th e on! toaccount , _ bat of tk ituel tl C et . or fo 4 on IL if t n 44 1' sencli 1,14,1"-rorties: ar We hart T ewitin , 3 ° 'll 11,1gi ktP"'"(l The exi tb4l. 30c Po:L T ile flu 4tc'tl from Ott I. ' 4 th e . j C'~4tio~9, ! f MONI of t 1, 1* 4 1, 111 t e i b le e t o 41 4 not Ilveti,ef At th ,‘ots vtlrbrat' ttoptl bit al that 14P CO