The Sun. — London, England, 1831-11-05 00:00:00

prepared against the worst, we have no idea that any disturbance will arise which the well-disposed cannot immediately put down. The working classes, we are convinced, will not lend them selves to any sinister purpose ; and as for the idle and dissolute, it is not in their power to ac complish what they . seek. In a word, th e prospect of Reform is too bright, and the means of its success are too obvious to afford any pre text to the friends of disorder for misleadin g so ber-minded and well-intentioned men.—Morn ing Herald. All the Evening Papers of yesterday an nounced the alarming intelligenm that the cho lera morbus had made its appearance in Sun derland. We extent from one of them (the CA:crier) a letter, without signature, which is the only authority that has yet appeared on the subject. The facts contained in this letter are strong—indeed, if well authenticated, they see.ra decisive as to the nature of the malady; but there are some reasons why we should hesitate to accept the statements of the writer, until cor roborated by further accounts. In the first place, it will be perceived that the letter is dated, not from Sunderland, but from Newcastle-upon- Tyne, which is about twelve miles distant from Sunderland. Then there is nothing in the con text to discountenance the conjecture that it may be only a report second-hand. Again, it is rather singular that no direct communication front the place itself appears to have reached the city in the course of the day. These are reasons not certainly for rejecting the report, but for receiving it with caution. On the other hand, we must admit that the credit at tached to the report on 'Change is in favour of its troth ; and it will be seen, by the article furnished by the Court Newsman, that de spatches had been received by Government from the place where the disease is supposed to have made its appearance. This directly corroborates one of the statements in the letter—vie., that the medical authorities had made a report, and by inference it strengthens the others. Upon the whole, it is evident that some cases of an ex traordinary nature have occurred, which, whether they turn out to be the Asiatic cholera or not, call for the most vigilant investigation. In the mean while we are glad to perceive that exer tions are making in different parts of the metro polis to prepare for the reception of such an awful guest. Whether the disease be epidemic or contagious, cleanliness, sobriety, and firmness of mind are the best securities upon which we can rely either for prevention or recovery. A little time will put an end to the suspense which exists at present ; but whatever the result may be, panic—disease in itself—ought to be guarded against as one o f t h e most f ata l attendants that can accompany any affliction.— Morn. Herald, The efforts making to defame and embarrass the Government, by a proud, selfish faction which is fast diminishing in numbers, but not relaxing in activity, are becoming more visible and more impotent hourly. In vain certain mad or imbecile Nobles load with hospitalities and civilities of a meaner description all who oppose Reform, or are to be tempted by flattery and promises to assist in frustrating the wishes of the nation, and the great designs of Ministers. Useless is the confederacy formed in the differ ent counties by a large proportion of the ama teur Magistrates, the beneficed clergy, and the attotneys, to reduce to passive obedience the manufacturing and agricultural population ; for it must, by this time, be pretty evident that un just decisions and tyrannical commitments, spite ful acts and abusive language, the vexations of law and chicanery of pettifoggers, have not been powerful enough to intimidate an impoverished, oppressed, but determined people. Not less abortive are the labours of the party in the city, the petty and childish hostility of Aldermen, fattened by the wasteful extravagance of a Tory Government, who daily meet, but in their own hole-and-corner fashion, to concoct puny schemes of opposition, and thus unwittingly, but most infallibly, prove their utter insignificance as well as hopeless folly. Equally inefficacious are the attempts made even in social life to aid the resistance to that which is absolutely irre sistible --attempts constantly to be witnessed in the Club-houses, where the small knots of whisperers propagating sinister reports, now and then mixed up with a little private scandal, and casting all the while a peculiarly suspicious look on every one known to entertain liberal opinions, are regarded Only as objects of pity or ridicule. While the conduct of some of the clerks in the _ . principal public offices, their shrugs, sneers, and insinuations, commonly produce not only a feeling of strong disgust, but lead to the very question which they should be carefully on their guard never to moot—namely, the right they have to their enormous salaries, being in general men of not very enlarged minds, and, in most instances, possessing no qualifications beyond such as are to be found in those industrious copying clerks, who think themselves well paid by a weekly stipend, which, in the whole year, would not amount to a sum sufficient to dis• charge the annual tailor's bill of one of the sensors—one of the chiefs to whom we allude. Verb= sat. All these means, then, obviously failing, another mode of attack has been re sorted to ; the natural fears of the people are worked on ; they are threatened with a wide-spreading pestilence—with a mortal dis ease that defies all the resources of art ; and the diffusion of this malady throughout the whole country, which is boldly foretold, is, by anticipation, charged upon Ministers, for ne glecting the necessary precautionary measures. In the Quarterly Review, published on Wed nesday, is an article on the cholera, which is enough to appal the stoutest heart ;—its effect on weak nerves we hardly dare think on. The writer tells us that this modern pest has already swept from the earth fifty millions of human be• ings !—though here is an evident erratum—the cypher having, doubtless been added inadvertently. With the certainty, which is strongly insisted on, - of the advent of so dire a calamity among us, the conduct of Government is loudly impugned for not having already prepared for the arrival of so formidable a foe ; and the sagacious writer has laid down and recommended a plan of proceed ings which in its operation would be hardly less mischievous than the disorder itself; though not so deadly—a plan which, if carried into effect, would presently force us all bitterly to exclaim, " le remede est pirc que le anal !"—What will our readers think of shutting up every healthy house and its inhabitants, excludin g all living beings, amid having the necessary provisions, &c. drawn up in a n iron pail, by an iron c h a i n , and taken in at the drawing-room wimi dows ?—What will they say to ,a, project for unfurnishing their rooms, and sending their goods to some out-house ? How ninety - nine out of every hundred will inquire, are the means and materials. for breaking . in doors, —with hot or vapour baths—wines—brandy--opium—ca lomel, &c. &c.; to- be • obtained 'by those who live from hand to mouth, and whose means of subsistence, we are told by the writer, will be immediately cut off, as every kind of mechanical art, and of trade, not directly neteisary to .exis tence, must come tn A complete stand-still ? How, every rational person will demand, is Government to establish depots of various kind's of expensive stores, in every ttty, town, and village throughout the United Kingdoms, with out calling uroh the different parishes for sums whirl); at the present moment, it would be next to imposSible to raise ? But the object of this article is exceedingly clear t the public are not purblind enough to be heated by so wean a tie;- vice. The then foot immediately 'shows itself when We are told that " the teat semblance of a crowd must not be toierted.' Aye, aye—to frighten the wo' , .i'.en and children out of their wits is to achieve something; but to prevent meetings of the people just at this crisis; to prevent the pro gress of Reform ; to be enabled to shout out, " A re-action I a re-ace-on t'' —would, indeed, be hailed by the boroughmongers as a master stroke of democratic craft and Tory policy. But, aint all, what real occasion is there for so much alarm as even many well-intentioned persons ex press ? As the cholera has moved westward in its European progress it has spread its ravages less widely -fewer people have suffered from it. Less were attacked at St. Petersburgh than at • Moscow, and not so many at Berlin as at St. Petersburgh. The disease has affected compa ratively few at Hamburg ; and at Altona, close by the former city, only nine persons had, by the last accounts, fallen victims to it. The deaths at Vienna ) a place calculated to afford every kind of 111,EtiOS for the rapid propagation of. the malady, had, by the latest accounts, not exceeded twelve hundred, and the disease was fast abating, though it had not wholly disappeared. If, then, it should peradventure reach this country, which in va rious ways is much better prepared to resist it than any other portion of the globe, have we not reason to hope, and very good grounds to believe, that it will not only be less exten sively diffused than at St. Petersburgh, Vienna, or even Hamburg, but that where it does attack it will be better treated, and consequently prove less fatal than in any of the before-named cities, where ignorance, prejudice, and filth have aided its progress, and assisted its operation, in spite of the efforts of the many able physicians who have devoted themselves to the performance of their duties in a most courageous and public spirited manner? But notwithstanding the open charges and designing insinuations of the avowed organ of the deadly enemies of the country, should this scourge reach our shores—should it appear among us even clad in all its terrors, the public may rest assured that every prudent and humane measure, compatible with the existing , state of society, will be resorted to for the pur pose of mitigating its severity, and staying its progress. The plan laid down in the Quarterly Review is, in many respects, of a wholly im practicable nature ; but were it otherwise, we should still bear in mind the salutary maxim, Timeo Danaos et Mona ferentes.—Morning Chronicle. We again caution all who have no intentions to disturb, the peace, to abstain from attend ing the meeting at White Conduit-house, on Monday next. It is in the power of a very small portion of a meeting to throw the whole into confusion ; and the peace must be preserved at all hazards. If tumults arise the innocent will share the fate of the guilty ; for how can those who are ordered to disperse the crowd by forcible means, distinguish between those who attend from intentions hostile to order, and those who attend from mere curiosity. We like not the arming for this meeting. No disposi tion has been shown to prevent the people from as sembling to give expression to their senti ments. Against whom are the arms provided ? No Magistrate will interfere till there is an ac tual violation of law ; and is it intended to offer resistance to any authorities enforcing the law These are questions which men should reflect on before committing themselves in such a serious matter as attending so ticklish a meeting. The police yesterday took an account of the number of fire-arms in every gun-smith's and broker's shop throughout the metropolis. We know the fact, because we were assured of it by respectable dealers. Of course the police, before giving themselves this trouble, must have had informa tion as to the designs against the shops where fire-arms are sold ; and no doubt precautions will be taken for repelling any attempt at ob taining arms by pillage. We do not wish to create unnecessary alarm. We are far from wishing to have it believed that the number of individuals contemplating spoliation is great. On the contrary, we are certain that the number of such individuals is comparatively insigni ficant. But one thousand individuals may draw clown destruction on thirty thousand, by taking steps which will render it necessary to disperse the whole. Thoughtless persons may too easily take it for granted that they can withdraw from such a meeting in time to escape danger. The most absurd exaggerations respecting this meet ing appear in an Evening Contemporary (the Standard) —exaggerations exceeding anything in the time of the Popish plot. . . " And now," says our contemporary, " one word about the meeting in White Conduit-fields. Does Lord Melbourne know that ten thousand members of the Birmingham Union are already in town, for the purpose of attending that meeting, and that an outbreak is contemplated either for Monday, or most probably for next Saturday night ? We can tell his Lordship of one house, usually occupied by the lowest class of Irish labourers, in the neighbourhood of Whitecross-street, from which the late inmates have been suddenly ejected, and in which are now contained two hundred of the Birmingham patriots, some, it is suspected, provided with arms. This we have every reason to believe to be a certain fact, and that it is but one of many leading to the conclusion, that an attempt at insurrection will be made on Sa turday night, or on Monday—we are inclined to be lieve rather the former." Ten thousand members of the Birmingham Union in town ! We will answer for it that there are not now ten members of the Birmingham Political Union in town ! In what way, pray were these ten thousand men conveyed to Lon don ? Did they walk, or have they arrived by the canal boats ? How long time have they been o❑ their way ? Has the sudden disappearance of ten thousand men from Birmingham excited no sensation in that town ? A meeting of those con . - cerned in getting up this meeting of the working classes on Monday took place last night. We refer our readers to an account of it in another column. Our apprehensions of danger are not diminished by the declarations of the speakers of their peaceable intentions. It was agreed to with draw that part of the declaration which proscribes all hereditary distinctions as illegal. We wish the matter well over.—Moruing Chronicle. It is with regret that we announce the intro duction of the cholera into this country. The fact is, we fear, but too certain. Advises re ceived yesterday front SUnderland by Govern- Inuit, and by individuals, state that there have been seven cases in that port of the Indian cholera, of which five have proved fatal, the authorities of Sunderland are charged With hav ing allowed vesSels from Hamburg to perform qugantine above Sunderland-bridge, through which the malady has found its way into this country. It was, no doubt, highly blameable to allow any departure from the quarantine regu lations; but it does not necessarily follow that the departure is . the cause of the appearance of the malady. the following letter, which ap peared in the Courier of last night, contains the Most circumstantial account of this affair : " NEWCASTLE-UPON- TYNE, WEDNESDAY EVENING. "I am sorry to confirm what you most likely have heard already, viz., the breaking out of the cholera in Sunderland. Monday and yesterday there were six cases and five deaths of most decided Asiatic cholera. Last night a statement to this effect, signed by the principal medical men in Sunderland, was transmitted to Government, and we wait here, with no little anxiety, to know what measures will he adopted to prevent the spreading of this frightful disorder. No doubt is entertained of the disease being the real Asiatic cholera, and of its being a malignant form of the disease. The surgeon, Mr. Kell, of the 82d regiment, stationed at Sunderland, and who is one of the medical practitioners who signed the official document transmitted to Govern ment, is well acquainted with the disease, having seen man• cases of it in the Isle of France. All the five cases of death terminated after a few hours' illness. The disease was confined almost exclu sively to 'a single family. In which died the father, son, and grandson, and a female. The female was removed to the Infirmary, and died there. A nurse in the Infirmary, who never saw the pa tient alive, but whose business it was to remove the body into the dead-room, took the disease only an hour afterwards, and was last evening beyond all hope of recovery. You will ask to what is the disease at Sunderland attributable ? To that culpable laxity in the enforcement of the regulations of the Customs, which has so long prevailed at Sun derland—which has oftener than once, by the Cham ber of Commerce at Newcastle, been represented and complained of to the Commissioners of Cus toms, and without any effectual remedy ever being applied. You will hardly believe, but such is the fact, that three vessels coming direct from Ham burg, were, a few days ago, permitted to enter and pass through the crowded harbour of Sunderland ! They passed up the river to Deptford, about a mile above the bridge, where the river is reduced to a narrow stream, to perform quarantine. And how were the quarantine regulations observed ? Why, by allowing the ship's crew to be rambling every night ashore; and that the disease was thus imported there can be no doubt, when I tell you that it first showed itself at Deptford. I must add, however, that the ship's crews are said to have been all healthy. These are all the particulars known'here to-day, and which, unfortunately, rest on too good authority."_ We still entertain a hope—a faint one, no doubt—that the cholera at Sunderland may not be the real Indian cholera. But even if it be, people should not allow themselves to entertain exaggerated notions of the mortality of this disease. We have seen a small publication by Mr. Young, who was surgeon of the district in which Calcutta is situated, when it broke out in Bengal ; and he gives minute lists of the cases in the extensive and populous district under his charge. The deaths, we observe, did not amount to six per cent. of the number affected. It appears, then, that under judicious treatment the mortality is really much less than in many diseases prevalent at different times, which exciie little attention. There is no comparison between this rate of mortality and that of the typhus at different periods in England, and still more in Ireland. On the receipt of the intelligence, no time has been lost in ordering the necessary pre cautions for preventing the extension of the disease. A gentleman called in at our office, without leaving his name, last night, who stated that intelligence had been received a little while before that the cases had augtrented to 22, and the deaths to 19. We merely mention this, without attaching any importance to the circum stance ; and it is possible many other exaggera• tions will be in circulation.—Morning Citron. There is now every reason to believe that the plotters of mischief will find their projects frus trated. In fact, they and their partisans are a miserable handful when compared with the natural friends of peace, and law, and property. The Political Union, of which Sir Francis Bur. dett is the chief, enrolls its fellow-subjects of all ranks, without distinction, among its mem bers ; and crowds of the honest and worthy me chanics of the metropolis have already acceded to and swell its ranks. It is not with gentlemen or men of property that the invidious and wicked scheme of separating Englishmen into hostile castes has originated. It was the machination of a fiend, and was inculcated upon our in dustrious fellow-citizens for a fiend-like purpose. However, that will be more apparent every hour. The leaders of the " Union of the working classes" have not, if we are rightly informed, given in their names as members ofthe " National Union," at the Crown and Anchor, nor have their virtuous partisans. Indeed, they are not wanting. Amongst an immense number of the more respectable "working" men of London, who have taken their proper station among the pro tectors of whatever is most sacred in society, above 100 mechanics from one establishment only, enrolled themselves in the course of yes terday, with the foreman of the house at their head. The parishes, as will be seen by our ad vertising columns, are all in a forward and eager state of preparation for the exercise of the so lemn duties about to be undertaken by them ; and the country, we doubt not, will, before many days, present such a front to the public enemy, that none but candidates for Bedlam will be found among the breakers of the peace. The true spirit of the Union is strikingly and touch• ingly expounded in the three following declara tions, forming part of a paper published by the committee of the Crown and Anchor, and ad dressed to the English people : "This is not a union of the working classes, nor of the middle classes, nor of any other class ; but of all Reformers,—of the masses, and the millions. " The National Political Union is essentially a union of the people, and is the first instance on re cord of the nation breaking through the trammels of caste, to associate for the common interest in a com mon cause. " The first blessing of Reform, therefore, is al ready produced; among those who straggle for it, a brotherhood is established, and recurrence made to a manlier and more generous intercourse between the rich and the poor."—Times. There appears no reason to doubt that the spasmodic cholera has made its. appearance at Sunderland, having been transported thither through the medium of one or more Hamburg ships, the crews of which broke the quarantine regulations by ranging about the shores of the r i ver . Four or five deaths are said—but with what truth we know not—to have already taken place. The first object with humane and wise persons ought to be, to allay the exaggerated apprehensions which such a fact, when first heard of; might create in the minds of those whose imaginations have been overwhelmed by the frightful pictures drawn of the above distemper in many letters and papers from the Continent. We,believe that, however severe may be the vi sitation of this disorder to the individuals upon whom it actually operates, the proportion of its victims to those who escape it altogether, in any one great town, or any given district of a country, has not upon the average exceeded, but has on the contrary fallen short of one out ofevery fifty inhabitants—a proportion which is often sur passed by that of the deaths from other maladies. In Moscow, where cholera raged for some time, the average mortality was not at all increased ; no where, as we understand, has it been more than doubled. As for the distinct and original causes of this migratory scourge, it would be folly in unlearned men—and hitherto, indeed, it has not shown much wisdom in those who called themselves learned men—to meddle with, much less to pronounce upon them. It may have been primarily, for aught we know, generated by un wholesome air, or accident ; and afterwards, and ever since, communicated to such constitutions as were susceptible of the virus, by what is termed contagion. Be that as it inay, and what ever differences of opinion may exist upon the producing causes, most observers are agreed not only as to predisposing causes, but as to some of those which unquestionably aggravate the pa tient's danger when once the cholera has attacked him. It is obvious that an evil habit of body exposes one man to the risk of various illnesses, from which another of sounder general consti tution will be more likely to escape. Such in dulgences, therefore, as tend to the general en, feebling or deterioration of the health ought to be most scrupulously avoided. Prince Lieven ascribes the positive diminution of mortality at Moscow during the presence ofthe cholera, as com pared with that of ordinary times, to the greater ab stinence of the poor from spirituous liquors during the interval. So, every thing which tends to the engendering offoul atmosphere,—namely, all hin drances to the circulation of air through rooms much inhabited by day or night,—all accumula tions of unnecessary filth in the narrow streets and alleys, and in the areas and the rear of houses, ought to be objects of immediate and constant attention, and, if required, of inspection by a medical police ; which ought to be forthwith established in every quarter. As the far greater number of cholera patients must of course be looked for amongst the poorer classes, means ought to be taken for speedily providing increased accommodation in all the hospitals throughout the kingdom. By such simple precautions, and through that religious trust in a merciful Provi dence which never fails to cheer and invigorate the human heart, and to prepare the bodily frame itself for a more vigorous encounter with the as saults of sickness, we doubt not that this new and forbidding monster, which has probably put on a more terrible aspect, because of the distance from which, and the dim and gloomy medium through which, the people of England have gazed upon it, will in no long time be over powered. Nor can we forbear to express an earnest hope, that even the anxiety and uneasiness with which the approach of a danger from which no human power_ can with certainly release mankind may tend to the revival amongst us, where they have been lost, or to the creation where they have never before existed, of habits of sober and consci entious self-inquiry and to consequent resolutions of amended life, the most profitable results of all the trial; to which in this world it may please the Al. mighty to expose his cietitures BefOre we drop the subject of contagious maladies, it may be as well to hint to the Commissioners of Sewers, that in numerable complaints have been made to us of their gross negligence of their duties. In one quarter, for instance, of the suburbs of the metropolis, now be ' come as populous and important as many of- its most central streets—we mean the line from Hyde-park-corner to beyond the Knightsbridge barracks, no attempt has yet been made towards that essential work, the building of a common sewer, although the inhabitants of a crowded neighbour hood have for years past been burdened with 6d. in the pound, en the rack rent of their houses, for sewer rates. What then is the consequence ? It is that the general cond.tion and frequent emptying of the cesspools are enough to breed a pestilence, without troubling the cholera to come within a dozen miles of them. The cavalry barracks, where be tween 400 and 500 men, women, and children, are constantly residing, have no sewer whatever for their purification, and among some of the houses between them and town, the practices resorted to for the clearing of the cesspools—namely, pumping the con tents of them nightly into the gutters, of the public streets, constitute, as is known to the great body of the inhabitants, a most insupportable nuisance. We are aware that this disgusting expe dient is an offence at law, and ought to be so pu nished. Yet some nights ago, when the police caught the offenders iu the fact of poisoning the whole atmosphere for a quarter of a mile on either side of them, and took them the next morning to a certain Police-uffice, the Magistrate, without, as we are informed, assigning any reason, thought proper to dismiss the culprits, although in another part of London the perpetrators of 'a similar nuisance had within a few days been fined 51. a piece for their audacity. We shall not on this occasion name the worshipful personage, but we quietly itscounsel him that ro that he ought to support the police in watchful ness over the health of the community. The Com missioners of Sewers, we repeat, are bound to give the payers of the sewer-rates some reasonable value for their money.—Times. We are glad to see that the absurd contest about the Mayoralty of the city has terminated, as might have been anticipated, in the tardy submission of the Court of Aldermen to the repeatedly expressed wishes of their fellow citizens. Three experiments on public patience were more than enough—a fourth would have become an intolerable nuisance. The greatest enemy of the little senate of Guildhall—of the House of Lords east of Temple-bar —could not have advised them to an act more injurious to their character, or dangerous to their power, than to " throw out the Bill" thrice sent them up from the Common Hall in the shape of Alder man Key's nomination. Whether it was wise in the Livery to depart in this instance from the usual rotation of office, and to convert a ma gisterial trust into a stake of political conten tention, we shall not stop to inquire; but having resolved to choose a political favourite, and hav ing, when at first resisted, returned the sam e in dividual again and again, their determined purpose, or even their renewed caprice, ought to have been a law to the Court of Aldermen. The assumed or admitted right of the Upper Civic House to select the Chief Magistrate from a list of two " fit and proper persons," nominat e d b y the Livery, to serve the office, implies, like every oth er r ight, a corresponding duty. It requi res to be ex e rcised with proper discretion, and under a proper sense of responsibility. It was co n f erre d , not ulti mately to deprive the Livery of their c h o i ce, but to prevent any precipitate or indiscri m i nate use of their privilege. It was given for th e purpose of se curing reflection and discussion among the elec tors themselves on the relative merits of the candi dates presented, and not for defeating their deli berate wishes, or forperrnitting a Magistrate to whom they are hostile to be thrust into the civic chair. When two candidates, after a p o ll, are sent up to their worships for the selection, they are not bound to know for the first time whether the Livery has determined on on e rather tha n th e o th er , an d may therefore select e ither ; but repetition of the choice, —the appearance on a second trial of the same name, shows either a deliberate resolution to which the Court should immediately yield, or a misguided obstinacy which it ought to enlighten and rectify. The alleged privilege of the Aldermen might other wise produce confusion and agitation at every elec tion, aad leave the Mansion-house without an inha bitant, and Guildhall without a dinner on the 9th of November. The nuisance having now been abated, we shall not inquire into motives for which the Court so long resisted the choice of the Livery ; but we would suggest, that in any future contest of a s'- milar kind, their worships, instead of concealing their objections to the popular candidate in their ballot-box, would be good enough to state them boldly on th e hustings. * The citizens in Common Hall assembled are bound to present them with two " fit and proper per sons" to fill the office of Chief Magistrate. Every Al derman is presumed to be " a fit and proper person" for filling the civic chair, as every parson is capable of being made a Bishop, unless good reasons can be shown to the contrary; and when the Livery twice or thrice fix on the same individual, the Alder men, in rejecting him, are bound to ass'gn reasons for their rejection. That the late popular candidate was generally thought a " fit and proper person" to be Lord Mayor, was evident from the fact that he was Lord Mayor at the time of the canvass; and if the judges of his pretensions entertained a different opinion on good grounds, they ought, instead of blackballing him in secret, to have denounced him to the Livery, as having forfeited all title to their confidence, and being unworthy of their continued support. But why reason about an absurdity, which we trust will not be repeated ?—Times. We are most happy to announce that the Go vernment has already adopted every advisable precaution against the threatened disturbances of Monday next, and that there is every ground for hoping that those who may be inclined either to excite disturbance, to create riot, or to attack property, whether public or private, are likely to meet with their just deserts. Circulars have been issued to all the parishes in the metropolis, requesting that a proper number of the most re spectable inhabitants in them may be enrolled as constables, in order that they may be ready to act in case of necessity ; and the advice has, we believe, been complied with, or is in the course of being complied with, by all of them. Every Reformer feels that the pre servation of the public peace is a matter which it peculiarly belongs to him.to enforce; and we entertain not the slightest doubt that should any attempt at disturbing the public peace be made, it will be met by that courageous resistance which becomes Eng lishmen and Reformers. What has our cause to do with violence or outrage ? Is not our object to make justice take the place of injustice, and equity of iniquity ? And are there not sufficient ways and means of a rational and pea•:eable character to effect this object, without having recourse to violence? The man who thinks at the present moment of having recourse to any measure of the kind, is not only an enemy to his King, his country, anti the canse of Reform, but also an enemy to hirwelf, and the proper ally of the Anti-Reformers. The members of Political Unions will not only not have any thing to do with such persons, but none of them, we will venture to assert, will be found at the meeting which is appointed for Monday next. If they be, they will be immediately, we trust, de nounced by the Association to which they belong, and expelled as unworthy members. But we have no fear on the subject. On the contrary, we rely with the utmost confidence on the members of the Political Unions setting an example oflpropriety of conduct to their fellow-citizens, and exhibiting themselves the very first in the ranks of those whose object is to procure Reform, but to procure it peace ably, and to nut down riot and tumult wherever they may break out.—Morning Advertiser. It is our painful duty to announce that a fatal disease, supposed to exhibit all the dreadful cha racters of the Indian cholera, has broken out in one of the sea-ports of this country. This is a calamity for which all who have examined the facts connected with the progress of the scourge must . have been prepared sooner or later ; but it is perhaps an aggravation of its horrors that they should have overtaken us at a time when the mo ral firmness of the public mind has been shaken by revolutionary excitement, and when the worst passions , of man have been let loose by wretches following in the wake of a miserable and selfish Government. The letter which we subjoin attri butes the introduction of the disease to the neglect of the authorities entrusted with the enforcement of the quarantine. How fatal seems to have been the influence of that example in which two Ministers of the Crown were seen exchanging loathsome flatteries and mutual congratulations with public violators of the law ! Our earnest advice is, that every community in the kingdom will look within itself for prompt measures of protection againt the ravages of this pestilence, and it will soon be disarmed of its terrors. The last German Pa pers shew, indeed, that they are either ameliorated in its progress, or lessened by ordinary precaution. In Vienna, a city in which its ravages were parti cularly apprehended according to all preconceived notions, it has already been nearly eradicated.— Morning Post. NETHERLANDS. PROTOCOL NO. 48, OF THE CONFERENCE HELD AT THE FOREIGN-OFFICE, OCT. 6, •1831. PRESENT, THE PLENIPOTENTIARIES OF AUSTRIA, FRANCE, GREAT BRITAIN, PRUSSIA, AND RUSSIA. The Plenipotentiaries of the Five Courts having assembled, have taken cognizance of the annexed letter, by which the Plenipotentiaries of his Majesty the King of the Netherlands have communicated to the Conference, i►► reply to the letter which had been addressed to them on the 30th of September, two tables, the first of which shows the amount and annual interest of the debts contracted since the Union of Belgium with Holland, by the united kingdom of the Netherlands, by virtue of laws passed by the States-General; and the second, the amount of the charges of the united kingdom of the Nether lands, according to the last Budgets voted by the States-General. Considering that the Plenipotentiaries of the Netherlands guarantee the correctness of the tables, and that consequently, if they are incorrect, in spite of su c h a f orma l guarantee, t h e Fi ve C ourts will by that circumstance have the right to regard as well the results of the calculations to which the tables in question serve as bases, the Conference pre ceeded to the examination of the mode to be adopted, with a view to ensure an equitable division of the deb's and charges above mentioned between Hol land and Belgium. In this labour the Conference has had particularly in view the principle of Article 6 of the Protocol of July 21, 1814, annexed to the general act of the Congress of Vienna, which with respect to Holland and Belgium, declares : " That as the expenses ought to he in common, as well as the profits, the debts contracted up to the period of the union by the Dutch provinces on the one band, and the Belgic provinces on the other, will be at the charge of the general treasury of the Netherlands." The Conference, recognising that according to this principle, Holland possessed, during the union, a right to the assistance of Belgium, in the payment of the aggregate debt of the kingdom of the Nether lands, and that there ought to be a complete reci procity of expenses and profits between the two countries, has unanimously agreed that it would be contrary to this fundamental principle to make a valuation of the private profits which Holland or Belgium may derive from loans contracted during the union, or to specify the charges connected with these loans, and that therefore it would only be pro per to take, as the share of the debts contracted in common, the proportion of the respectil tion, or that of the duti e s p a id by the Pr ° ,,,d-' which Belgium and H o ll an d w ill be color separating. 41 This last last proportion having a ppear the most equitable, as it is founded u pon ther i which each of the two countries has realll. bored to the payment of the debts in cons o 7o - ' traeted during the union, t h e C o nference decided, as w e ll by t h e P rotoco l N o 12, di. , nf January, 1831, a. by the letter bete s e the Dutch Plenipot e nti a ri es. t h at th e eter. portion resulting from the Budgets of the of the Netherlands of 1827, 1828, a nd I two great divisions of this kingdom 110 4 _ 4 buted to the payment of the direct and inO i i tribu•ionthe one for 15-31, and the r e t o 16-31. The Plenip o t en ti ar i es o f t he Fi g e have adopted this cal cu l a ti on , a l w ays tsk i , that the average proportion in question, a c 0 the rules of equity, should be reduced in 61 ; 1 1 Belgium, because, according to the territo;ll rangements to be agreed upon, Holland see s sess a territory whi c h did not b e l ong to bell te l In consequence of w hi c h t h e C on f ere nce 1 01 0 sidered it equitable that the debts contiacte e o the re-union of the Netherlands should he_,,ii between Holland and Belgium in the proper 15-30, or an equal portion to each. i The interest (mile) of the whole of O il above stated amounts i n round ntli,b:l 10,100,000 florins of the Neth er l a nds. T h y will be a sum for B e l g i um o f 5,050,000 " the Netherlands. .. ki In addition, the Austro-Belgic debt belonged exclusively to Belgium before ibe, with Holland, it was cons id ere d eq ually , that this debt should be in future borne en h o Belgium. Th e i nterest at 24- per cent. of called active of the debt, as well as the sertaei, amortissement of that part called differed, b e . e ' mated in round numb ers at 700,000 /R I P' iif interest ( ren t e ), B e l g i um wou ld h a ve to e 9 o o under this second head another charge of. Grills of rente. The Conference, proce e di ng acc ording tooth of equity, has fo un d t h a t, i n con f or mity' 11. 00 principles and views by which it is actuated'e debt, which was originally charged upon ,detot hi ,, before its union with - Holland—namely, the be )," scribed, on account of Belgium, in the great Olt the French empire, and which ac cortbe i g o k i C il budgets has accumulated to 4,000,00 0 i ll "- 2,000,000 florins of the Netherlands reote/. again be pla ce d t o t h e account o f t h e Thilgio vootel; charged, under i i i h n e de N r The sum, therefore, with which Belgium Netherland a n n e d w annualhead, Lastly, with regard to the advantages T o e don and commerce which Holland is calle u r iptl, give up to the Belgians, and to the sect r w en il t l e. be j ' po i o various kinds to which on her side the se r 4 leads, the Plenipotentiaries of the Five C et . / 0 11 .1 considered that to the three points 8 1)0, 1 0 0 0i there ought to be added a sum of 6,000 r ,le,, of rente, which wili form, with the su reg rlete mentioned, a total of 8,400,000 florins of tbe lands. It is therefore an annual rente of 8,4005° h ill with whi c h B e l g i um w ill rema i n d e fi n itivelY c jd in consequence of the division of the pub lic the United Kingdom of the Nethe lands, to the unanimous opinion of the Confereoce. On the other hand the Plenipo•entia ries , Five Courts have observed that the d'amortistement instituted in the kingdonl Netherlands has c ontracte d d e bts, half the n of is has been borne to the charge of but having also, acc or di n g to the nature institution itself, accounts to render, from surplus may result, Belgium is entitled to pate in this surplus, on its being ascertain► means of liquidation in the proportion in has participated in the payment of the dire:fl indirect taxes and the Excise in the kingdom Net het lands. 14 ; .11' Jib 14. It has been, therefore, agreed that the le division of the debt - , in the definitive ent of which the Conference is occupied , 7epared according to the principles laid doo •e , ent protocol. What has chiefly determined the Confere° lie occasion is, that, founding its decisions luitY, and considering the amount of the r the service of the public debt of the .ingdom of the Netherlands, it finds that the stated in round numbers at 27,700,0 00 rite, and that in consequence Belgium, dill 'nion, contributed to the payment of this re proportion of 16-31; that is to say, that ' 14,000,000 florins , it will now, with M.. ges of neutrality, have to pay 'only for 1_!, 400,000 flo r in s o f rente; an d on t he oth ei consequence of the mode of division ti° le Conference, Holland obtains a CO .l ° lief which may serve to satisfy the variou s hich it has set up. A Zf• (Signed) ESTERI -1, - - v.06 WESSEN O ',I TALLEYird PALMER O. ` BU LOW. LIEVEN., MATusCil ,~~ lit h '.4 Nty (t it CO4 l Iv; Iv; 1 4 4 ,4 1.4N1,„,ty We have seen an accoun t, d rawn 11P, bi 0 YONS, a surgeon, of Bright on , o f an i n dividuoV i the Isle of Man, whose skeleton has, by $ ost rapid process, become one continuous bon.° 4 o It its entire frame, rigidly fixi ng a l mos t ev ery 1 °. 3 00, )dy. This unfortunate . and truly pitiable Cr e . o f •obably. the only specimen of general ossificil U ip ints living. The case is so rare that JoliS we 100 guineas for a skeleton, in which the O le feet had tiken place. The object of cona' nv dragging out his miserable existence near 11,• 1; POLITICAL UNION.—The parishe s Pancras, St. illary!ebone, and Paddington, s re i .tnibodied as Branch Unions of the Metropolit i . c4 , o Dn Monday evening la s t, d eput i es f rom the di"",o ricts assembled at th e P ortman Arms, M„iittot Nlarylelione, to arrange r eso l ut i ons an d f orm ( j ) „•1 'or the purp o s e of co - operat i ng w i t h t h e paren t i 0 ; t o 11r. POTTER in the chair. Above SOO p e rsons 10 when the whol e of the pro cee di ngs were a gree(' .he most perfect unanimity and enthusiasm. v, .FIN SAVAGE, MURPHY, HAYDON, WARDE''' essed the meeting in support of the objects of th e THE UNKNOWN TONGUE.—We so how to convey our sentiments of the fooleriev' e enacting in Mr. IRVING'S meeting-house in ve ry It it is no less surprising than true, that 3 amber of really religious people believe those aniacs we would call them—to be inspired. 0 0 le view of the case whi c h, we t hi n k , oug ht t° ° o f ' I reflecting persons. Th e A post l es on the Ja)'reo, cost did not preach in unknown tonoues—theY r o t' is true, in la nguages prev i ous l y un kn own to th e ir pl at the miracle consisted in every mau, frora, tusl art of the world h e came, h ear i ng t h e G o sr I,lle o s mother t. , ngue. Is there, however, the Ilel here ? Dees any one of the multitudes ofoep,ili. ins, kindreds, and tongues," to be found in 10 C e Great," un d erstan d t h e soun d s uttere d by 1 ° of mt., Miss Ilat.r, or Mr. Tarmis ? N°" o ,l stead of holdi ng f ort h i n a di a l ect un derst° . !trio°, the Malay, the Chinese, or any of ibes of the earth, they speak what printers te,Cor it expressively, denominate pie, and then fa' a t , iditory with their own translation of what de by the Most learned Theban in this lower Vihburgh Observer. i id 4rl 70), 14 ) , et 44; ' +t e b`'4 . l ted \ t BIRTH. _ On the 4th inst. in Fenchurch-street, Mrs. Borri."kale, „eel' D: On the 3d inst., at St. MARRIE Botolph's, Aldersgat c ;',;t l i Thomas Swindells, of Manchester, to Sarah, secon d `SOB. Gilbert, Esq ,of Itedbourn, Herts. „ ; 54 ;f. the 3d inst. at Rugby, Richard Twining, it-I', li en Strand, to Frances Emily, eldest daughter of the 1 4 . Radcliffe, of Walton-le-bale, Lancashire. On the 3d inst. at St. Pancras, Mr. J. Covernton, 0,,.13‘j. Berks, to Miss Craggs, of Haverstock-hill, liainps" D I ED. . te 4"C' On the Ist inst. Mrs. Wm. Robinson, of Ludga t e . , We ll Asty-row, Islington, aged 45. f i': i At Malta, on the 10th ult, the infant daughter 1,1 of the Hon. S. Bathurst. On the 3d Inst. at Kneesworth-house, Catnbr , ,vil therine, wife of J. Bendyshe, Esq , live hours atter 0 birth to her ninth child. On the 2d inst. at Pimlico, Mrs. Bean, aged gi• PRINTED AND PUBLI,DED BY MUltllo YOUN Strx OFFicz, 11w, STRAND, L0N90% ",in ,tom, Jaeigium will remain UelltliL , ..- - . , de vp 4 , 414,1 in consequence of the division of the pub lic ottibt , 44 o t i' the United Kingdom of the Nethe lands, °CC Ito 'f,hpitl to the unanimous opinion of the GuifereNc e ' o f' . r : k % t'tli st a ' On the other hand the Plertipo . entiiv ies oN„ 4 itr , p 3 Five Courts have observed that the ' 5 • 7 0 1 4 01: t i h tl d'ainortist - ement instituted in the kingdom , t ett i t :tia g 1 of Netherlands‘‘hiehh,,shia)seecnoritrzt of th e l 3l:l ( l4 4 4P `lfi, hut having also, according to the nature Vb,..°Lig t institution itself, accounts to render, from viL fil l.,, oti `l o rto surplus may result, Belgium pate in this surplus, on its being ascertainee:i,Q44itnn,i is entitled to fr. ) ll o ,!'. E : means of liquidation in the proportion in 4 ' t i '---.._ has participated in the payment of the dir ec n iki, , indirect taxes and the Excise in the ki n gdom " 44 ) , u. borne cte t d o t d h e e bt c s .})a h rg a e lf 1) Net hes lands. ...Ic, A I , It has been, therefore, agreed that the tar e ns - 'vi the division of the debt, in the definitive l' f il %ll l4 ts, it 4 ment of which the Conference is occupied, i , 0 1 , 1 ' 1 '14, 4 , 11 c prepared according to the principles laid doss . ° ' ' Ni t a 'lig . .I N . 4 of present protocol. 14 4 tt e . What has chiefly determined the Confere e'- ate ° N oti ,:' this occasion is, th a t, f oun di ng its decisio °s l, 4 o:l4 4 :titi o : equity, and considering th e a mount of the C v o 44 ti n i ti 4 ., s for the service of the public debt of the io llvoi N l ie Kingdom of the Netherlands, it finds that the sil r ioitio N til i ,, is stated in round numbers at 9 7,700,0 00 11( ! r g ''' , l, ) ,ltlr rente, and that in consequence Belgium, d ur e ' filt,,, l4 l4 ) ,, k e Union, contributed to the payment of this r . is tl-sZN the proportion of 16-31 ; that is to sal(' that lajAilltN, of 14,000,000 florins, it will now, with t" ° e 41 AL its ! Al' taxes of neutrality, have to pay only for ti Co b kb 8 i n j c o o o t ; consequence e r fl i c o e i- i ' o l s f the Conference, Holland obtains a EO O5l c lt‘t,,, 0 ( relief which may serve to satisfy the variou s ,444 ( N -1' o t f hem rente od ; e aorfiddiovnisitohne e a t d b o e rn.deft r tr i :l \tti t , , l l ‘,4 ( r ) which it has set up. 4 , , 4, 4 44, ' (Signed) EsTEratAti6. lisit pt pa wEssEsl3;lo. I ,ttp, uk.,,, TALI,EII, o: 4 ' IJl, l lii , ii„' PALMER` , i ,At: ; °, BU LOW. k V t 1 1 LIEVES..viIf i-Ce" '] MATUSa t li t th ...--.. 1/1.4.'t1t • W . We have seen an account, drawn uP s of, 'to, 1 0p,, LYONS, a surgeon, of Brighton, of an i n dividtn a c i tt:l l ;4l7o, of the Isle of Man, whose skeleton has, by 3 f - t t fe At l irJ ' I I i most rapid process, became one continuous bone i " rit o,,,'''o t tllt : t out its entire frame, rigidly fixing almost every i° 0 tt, 4 "11,,, t'i ( body. This unfortunate and truly pitiable cr e .,; o o At ' ' 4 ,' sit probably. the only specimen of general ossifiea t 'ifC't 1 ,,, i t1k: 1 414 joints living. The case is so rare that Jolis , t+ ,lll ek gave 100 guineas for a skeleton, in which the sam e lid 41 41' 4 (1 effect had taken place. The object of come , ,i' et t ,tiP 4 .11 4, t11 now dragging out his miserable existence near 0 t CI, o'. 9etti, 1 POLITICAL UNION.—The parishes 11,1 4 . " 1 ,Q ) ,' o t Pancras, Sc. Mary'eltone, and Paddington, a rgi l f I it 1 , 1 ,1 1, „ ' A t embodied r i ilc r t; iehon assembled: t i o ) r a a i n r a c a t: On Monday evening last, deputies from the di Pe. .t t , ( 'N.,,,_ . :t e r ': Portmane inso f resolutionstl' e a iN A n i , e r i t n f r ; P ,; ilt .co l il'.: ;. ::o o l; 44v ',N7 4 : l :: for the purpose of co-operating with the parent in' t os h it',4 l . Mr. POTTE R i n th e c h a i r . Ab ove S O O pers ons s o 141 4 - Ntll when the whole of the proceedings were a gree o , ,Q,TAtZtti t , o l the most p er f ec t unan i m it y an d enthusiasm. ~c , ,A 4 'a tk r : ICX) JOHN SAVAGE, ML7RPHy, HAYDON, WARDE ,: :_ CO'`k, k 7ii',' l ) ? %jt dressed the meeting in support of the objects oft° II ; , ii i stig` t ?', 4 ti THE UNKNOWN TONGUE.—We ge # V ?:tttl, loss how to convey our sentiments of the foolerievs o f Itai r are enacting in Mr. IRvING's meeting-house in er i 4 , i‘L'l'J t o l but it is no less surprising than true, that 3 ''k, -4 41 number of really religious people believe those rfltel i Q, } ',.. l u ; maniacs we would call them—to be inspired. 4 0 , 4 tcf,` ,. ii — ( one view of the case which, we think, ought t° 6 0 1 jti - , 4 tt l e,i 4) . all reflecting persons. The Apostles on the dsY re ar. kak hs s 1 iti t htit e aitl a sr • it ( st ) m s t: t h)r i t the i hn i lerii n rnwt o a, t e,lonalr p egt [ i(gi : cet a oi.hag c ie s t e(ilss. i as n t eiptdlurteehn:kei. in every ae t s s rvih ; i l e,on i ruig t yv o ,i eink".ing.tineueaore:,:6—n the Gospel tr t sco h pra e ,st : : : ::lloll) ; :i: L t r:ki t hihc;:i,cri li i. rallel here ? Does any one of the multitudes ol o s i ptit a tt h i e ° , tines, kindreds, and tongues," to be found in ~,CII IPM CI ? :. Itt' : : the Great," understand the sounds uttered by N", - ,,c Zteh o 4 l DELL, Miss HALL, or Mr. TAELIN ? l''. 3- 11 iq ob o es'( Instead of holding forth in a dialect understowie Pai 4 ) Q lr, I [Undo°, the Malay, the Chinese, or any of `b i ii‘ 4t%b, lan tribes of the earth, they speak what printers " c u r ktc1, ( 40,,; but expressively, denominate pie, and then f ag n irs a N l A N,' .! auditory with their own translation of what i , u- ,, o rP'Ne t leo t ,', ,tole by the Most learned Theban in this 10' 01 ' "lie 41 1 .........." ° eh% Edinburgh Observer. / ..._ ---- of i ltt h r n ( BIRTH. _ A OC, 4--:-l'it On the stli inst. in Fenchureh-street, Mrs. Borra , . h e t ot ,.: MARRIED: re C„'d 4 It:„}' sac On the 3d inst., at St. Botolph's, AldersgatelOr '' l ` , r" b `lita Thomas Swindells, of Manchester, to Sarah, second o f . 411 1 1. C. W. B. Gilbert, Esq ,of Itedbourn, Herts. .., Pt ( C ot ''' a On the ad inst. at Rugby, Richard Twining, It-I"' fl` - ~.n „ Strand, to Frances Emily, eldest daughter of the late L 40,,,":',,er Radcliffe, of Walton-le-bale, Lancashire. „I't 1.2411.:1_ seo, AM tbod Lip geottic t r rNE 11 01 , o4 1 11; It 111 ItqL es, 4 1 V o h 1 _ ' l'rint ec . l I 141 11,11; r V si g tjblle t Pi ~l ik_s k it 4 l !trftriX ..1, . ,t.teil r%Ana 1,14 Lo • ' :i h ip t:/ 41 ' N . % i i; ,iltb NICE' " r tte lop 4.1 1,7 6 ` 1 ; Tltith L, Pre d 4