The Sun. — London, England, 1861-04-15 00:00:00

Tli EA Tit YAL, MARKET. Lem ee, kir. 3. B. B:13/Eltont. •T 'rs EVT27.!ING neriormaiocs wl.l corstne.rae wtth A DUKE' IN t)I VFICHLTIES. Mr 4. Stirling, Misa F. Haytion, Era. Wilkins. Miss Fanny Stirling, Mr. due%stone, BTr. Compton. Mr. Alter which, will be revived, with entirely new scenery and effects, and all the original music by the late Sir Henry Bishop, the melodrama of THE MILLER AND HIS MEN. Commence at 7. 11E 'FRE - ROYAL LYCEUM , Sois Lessee and Directress, Madame CELESTE. Last Week of the Season. TI Tis THE ,`JECRET. Atter which, a new original comierlrama, written by Sami. L „„ Esq., entitled MAC CARTHY MORE • or, Possession Nine Lover, of the Law. John Drew, J. Johnston,' Forrester, ,i. Rouse, Medlin ; Misses Rawlings, Hudspeth, &c. To conclude with THE IRISH EMIGRANT. Patrick O'Brein, Mr. John Drew. LOYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.-- Lessee and Manaffer, Mr. A. Harris. THIS EVENING, THRICE MARRIED. Messrs. Shore, Meadows, Garden, and Miss C. Leclercq. V,Alowcd by HA ILT. T. Hamlet, Mr. FWhter. Sup ported by Messrs. Ryder, Hermann Vezin, Graham, Shore, Meadows, ,Yre. ; Misses Heath, R. Leclercq, and Elsworthy. EW TIOATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.- -1-1 Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, the new drama, MAGLIORE, TUE PRESTIDIGITAIOR. Messrs. R. Webster, J. L. Toole, D. Fisher, &c.; Miss K. Kelly, Miss ET. Simms, Rm. To be followed by a new apropos Sketch, TILE CENSUS. Messrs. J. 1,. Toole, Eburne, Romer, C. J. Smith ; Miss Kate Kelly, Miss E. 4horne, and Mrs. Chatterley. After which, THE FOOL OF THE FAMILY. Miss Julia Daly, Mr. P. Bedford. Doors open at half past 6—Commence at 7. CANTERBURY -HALL CONCERTS!! Westminster -road. Proprietor ........C. Morton. A Grand Selec It on CORSARO, from Verdi's new Opera, L (This opera has never been produced in this or any other country, except at these Concerts), having met with that de cided success which charactise 4 the most popular works of this great Master, will be performed EVERY EVENING ; together with a Selection from LA FIGLIA DEL REGGI DINNTO, by Donizetti, Principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Madame Maria, Miss Tyrrell, Mr. H. Herbert, Signor Tivoli, H. Drummond, and C. W. Bernard. Director, Mr. F. Jonghmens. The Comic Department comprises Messrs. E. Marshall, A. B. Hollingsworth, J. Blanchard, F. Bell, W. H. Welland, and the Brothers Conrad. John Martin's Three celebrated Pictures will remain on view a short time longer in the Fine Arts Gallery of the Establishment. SIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Trat):'DAY.—Tylorning, 4h. 40m.—Afternoon, 4h. 56m. To-uonnow.-Morning, sh. 14m.—Afternoon, sh. aim. ITHE WEATHER.—Surt ()macs, Arnm:l4, 1561. THEEMOIKETEI4 IN THE SHADE. 51—highest since noon yesterday. 42—loweat this morning and during the night. 96—this day at noon. BA.RomETER-30.30. WlND—North-East—light; with fine weather. APRIL 15. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 47—highest since noon yesterday. 40—lowest this morning and during the night. 49—this day at noon. BAROMETER-30.334. Wmp—North-Easterly—fresh ; with dull cold weather, r. 4_(1..) , ; 1* • 0 . 1 ; --a - ' ' THE SUN. LONDON, MONDAY, APRIL 15, 1861. " To be, or not to be ?"—a moderate reduction of the Income Tax, say from tenpence to ninepence, or even eightpence—or an increase of the Income Tax from the last year's rate of tenpence in the pound to that round sum Mr. GLADSTONE was hankering after last session, the sum his fingers were burning to grasp at on the 10th of February, 1860—an Income Tax of A SHILLING! " That is the Question !" That is the alterna tive. Those are the horns of the dilemma with which the Chancellor of the Exchequer will have to grapple this evening in the course of his Finan cial Statement. " The bane and antidote" are both before him. There is a talk whispered about at the clubs just now of a hocus-pocus juggling of figures by our great National Accountant, a hocus , pocus juggling of figures by which he will manifest with something like the clearness of two and two making four, that instead of hav ing another melancholy deficit to deal with, he actually has somewhere about a million say a million—to spare. Hence that delightful hypo thetical, almost, one might call it, purely suppo sitious ghost of a rumour afloat in some quar ters, that the Income Tax, in lieu of being in creased, will be—to however small an extent, say to the extent of twopence, of a penny, of even a halfpenny —modified. It is a beautiful, halcyon vision. Let us indulge in it—if only for an hour or two—if only to the bitter enhancement of our after disappointment. But then, alas, there are those dreadful returns for the past quarter, for the last Fi nancial Twelvemonth. There is that undeniable declension in the Customs Revenue, there is that falling off in the Income Tax returns, there is that deplorable absence of those dear little unlooked for - windfalls (like the paid up arrears from Spain) that helped, upon the occasion of the last Budget, to mitigate the horrors unfolded to view by the pre amble of Mr. GLADSTONE'S Budget Speech of 1860. Those frightful revelations of an apparently inevitable deficiency, amounting upon the whole to something very nearly approaching, in round num bers, to Ten Millions sterling. That, we take it, is about Mr. GLADSTONE'S strongest point in the concoction of his financial statements. To exaggerate the actual deficit into one of so wholly appalling a magnitude, that when the more reason able probability comes out at last, just prior to the explanation of his scheme of taxes for the year— people aro dirpost , d somehow to forgive a deficit in itself so comparatively moderate in its dimensions. Contrasted with the imaginary deficit with which the House has been frightened, in the first instance, the real deficit, afterwards brought to light as a modification of the other, a modification, the House is NM by Mr. GLADSTONE himself, due entirely and absolutely to his exceptional skill as a Financier —contrasted with the imaginary deficit, we say the real one eventually thus introduced to the notice of the House comes quite as a relief in its way. So that what seemed threatening in the first instance, to be nothing less than distressing and even (considering that we are at peace, and that we are as an industrious race sin gularly prosperous) actually dreadful under the Circumstances becomes, when the way has been thus adroitly prepared for the disclosures, something almost in itself delightful. Therefore people, listening to Mr. GLADSTONE'S Budget last year, for example—shuddering at its commence ment, consoled "towards its conclusion —rose, under the influence of the witchery and glamour of our oratorical Financier, sighing to themselves with a del uded sense of satisfaction—Not so Bad as E z pected ! Up on one on l y con di t i on, however, the themselves consent now, on ce more, t o yield u p unres i st i ng slaves to the wiza r d ry of Upon one th e M aster Rhetorician of the Age. c on a iti _ 0 national experience of condition Illy,repeat, we . after last year's his financial ahoy, its re sults and cense Tleneeupon one sin g l e con di t i on alone, after that, will the Rouse and the country b ow to M r. G LAT )SToNFI's enlus as a Financial ithetorician—that condi t i on being the reduction, by however smell a degree, o f the abhorred and detested Income Tax. We now understand, perhaps as N;;11 as We shall evor do, the real character of the sad a ff a i r at Warsaw on the &h. Full accounts appear in the French papers, and we have also the proclamation ofPrince GORISCILUNIT subsequent to the military TTTE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY gVENING, APRIL 15, /861. slanghter, and the laws which he has resolved to eLforce. The prec7amafien itself ay pears to show OT e thing at least—that even the Government of the CZAR has given up reliance on brute force alone. The case is stated and argued with the citizens in as conciliatory language as could be looked for; and unless we can suppose it a mere bait to ensnare the inhabitants, which is not our impression, it reads rather like an apology than otherwise, although it throws the blame in severe language on the mis guided leaders of the multitude. The Prince speaks of "yesterday as a day of mourning for both of us," and proceeds to give the details. On the previous day there had been demonstrations by great numbers " who would not listen to his words." On the Bth, when they assembled again, the crowd had three police orders,"at intervals of ten minutes each, to disperse, but would not do so till charged by the soldiers. After the crowd had been dis persed in one street, however, it returned, attacked the soldiers with stones and bricks, and at the same time an attempt was made to construct barricades, so that "after a renewed shower of stones the military commandant was obliged to order his men to fire." The Prince says that only ten per sons have been killed, besides two soldiers. Seventy persons have been arrested. These, however, he premises shall be tried by the laws which he publishes, and not by a Court Martial. If, however, as is :probable, the judges are either Russians, or, what would be worse, Russianised Poles, the accused may be as severely dealt with as they would be by a court of soldiers. The Prince appeals to them " in the name of GOD and of the respect due: to the SOVEREIGN, to public order, to the welfare and honour of the country to consider ;" if the new law now promulgated does not calm the madness of those who are leading the multitude to destruction, he will be obliged to proclaim the state of siege, for which these madmen will alone be responsible. The law which follows is in the name of the King of Poland, as well as that of the autocrat of all the Russia; and it sets forth in the preamble, that the late disturbances "impede the free develop ment of the constitution granted by his Majesty." No unauthorised assemblies may therefore congre gate in the public squares and streets—the civil authorities are to disperse them—the military, if necessary, to support them—all persons not dis persing or resisting the authorities are to be liable various terms of imprisonment—and inciting to such assemblies as are prohibited is to be severely punished—regulations, which differ little from those in force here, in cases in which magi strates pronounce an assembly riotous. The chief difference is that the assemblage itself, however quiet, is treated like a riot. It is to be observed that the accounts of violence on the part of the people are from the pen of Prince GORTSCHAKOFF. Letters from Warsaw do not confirm his representations in this respect ; the people had, on the day before, thesejletters tell us, assembled in large numbers, but without violence ; had only demanded a promise on honour, that their wishes should be transmitted to the EMPEROR, and when this was given had quietly dispersed. They stated, however, that they should renew their demand on the following day. They did so; then the story runs, that while there assembled a post boy crossing the square with his carriage, played on his horn the national air of DOMBROWSKI, " Poland has not yet perished"—the multitude became excited, and, though unarmed, attempted to force their way into the Court-yard of the Palace. Then the cavalry charged and the infantry fired. Still large numbers collected round, and prayed to a statue of the Virgin, and would not desperse. At night all retired. The question from which side the provocation rose is thefefore still to be settled. We strongly suspect that a General CHRULEFF was the mover in the savage part of the business. Prince GORTSCHAKOFF himself, so far as he has acted on his own advice, appeared to lean strongly to conciliation. We can only hope the Poles will follow the example of the Hun garians will restrain themselves from the folly of entering unarmed into a conflict of phy sical force with the master of the army, but will firmly continue to assert their rights. In this case England has aright, by the Treaty of Vienna and the agreements and promises in connection with it, to plead the cause of the Poles, and, despite the grumbling of Prussia, we hope our Ministers will do it, We can render efficient moral support to the Poles. Louis NAPOLEON will certainly be willing to join us, and in the present position of the Russian Empire and of Europe, the advice would not be without its weight. Besides, though we do not forget some harsh words of his to Poland, we are willing to cherish the hope that the present CZAR is desirous to govern with the good will of his subjects—he does not adopt his father's motto, " Let them hate, provided they fear." Mr. THACKERAY'S Cornhill Magazine, while it has proved very brilliant as a medium for the dif fusion of light literature, has already rather blun dered occasionally as a social censor and a political instructor. It was only very recently, indeed, that the unfair comments, or they ought, perhaps more correctly, to be called diatribes, indulged in anent certain of the Eton authorities and much of the Eton discipline, by a clever writer enough, signing himself, for the nonce, " Paterfamilias," called forth from a competent witness upon the matter then and there under dispute, what can only be accurately designated as an overwhelming disclosure. It has now de volved upon General Sir JOSHUA JEBB, the dis tinguished Inspector-General of our Convict Establishments, to point out (not we are satisfied without very natural feelings of scorn and indig nation) one of the shabbiest little misstatements or perversions of the truth that could well have been adventured upon even by the least scrupulous critic while viewing the organisation and the average results of the organisation of that large and singu larly responsible department of the public service over which Sir JOSHUA JEBB has himself indivi dually, during so many years past, presided. The misstatement referred to emirs inciden tally in the course of an article in an otherwise ad mirable and interesting—certainly, upon the whole, a most impressive—article in the April number of the Cornhill, a paper entitled " The Irish Convict System whyit has succeeded." Sir JOSHUA, in his very frank and manly exposure of the erroneous calculation which the writer of that argument has therein attempted to fist upon the general public as an estimate of undeniable accuracy, gives, before pointing out its fallacy, the exact words of the parliamentary return, from which the Corn hill contributor has drawn his truly extraordinary deductions. Deductions, by the way, either based upon the grossest ignorance, the most flagrant in sincerity, or—supposing the mistatement to be the result neither of ignorance nor of duplicity —the most unjustifiable carelessness. The return alluded to by the writer in the Cornhill, and now quoted by Sir Jos. JEBB in his exceedingly temperate and perfectly conclusive letter to the chief of our morning contemporaries, was no other than the " Return to an address of the House of Lord, dated the 11th of April, 1859, for a return of the number of Con- N:CtS to wiLoni. tickets of :2:- . ve hc.ve bean ranted during the years 1857 and 1858; syecifying the number given each year ; also the number who dur ing that period have been remanded to prison in consequence of the commission of any subsequent offence." According to which return it appeared in due official form, under the timbre of the Home Office, that during the two years 1857 and 1858 the total number of convicts released on orders of leave amounted to-1,084. The return adding thereupon that within the same period, during those same two years, 1857 and 1858, the number of license holders recommitted to prison for fresh offences amounted to-966 ! Showing, argues the writer in the Cornhill—ingeniously, it may be, but cer tainly not ingenuously—" that nine-tenths relapsed into crime." Upon this amazing deduction from the figures just particularised, what is the comment of the Inspector-General of the Convict Establish ments ? Why, it is simple enough as a com ment. But it is also, as a comment, completely overwhelming. "Before the writer committed himself to drawing any conclusion from these figures," says Sir JOSHUA JEBB, " he should have inquired whether the 1,084 convicts referred to were the whole number out on license at the end of 1858, because the 966 license-holders reported for misconduct or re-committed to prison for different offences were taken out of the whole number at larg e and not out of the comparatively few who were released in the two years included in the return. Under these circumstances, I think I am entitled to state that the effect of this return to the House of Lords has been most grossly, and, I fer, wil fully misrepresented. Now, what axe the real facts ? From October, 18,53, when the first licenses were issued, to the 31st of December, 1858, there were released on license no less than 8,449 male and female, convicts, and it is out of this number that 966 were recommitted in the two years in question." So that while the Cornhill writer is arguing as though the 966 recommitted were to be taken out of the 1,084 released on orders of license —those 966 are, on the contrary, to be taken from the whole number of convicts thus returned upon tickets of leave ororders of license between 1853 and 1858, an aggregate number amounting not to 1,084 merely, but really and truly to as many as 8,449 ! Sir JOSHUA JEBB explains, in fact, later on in his letter, that out of the returned con victs of 1857 and 1858, out of the 1,084 sent adrift again upon society—not 966, but (how many do the Cornhill readers suppose ?) only 117 were recommitted within these two years (1857-1858):for fresh offences! With perfect reason, therefore, after this extraordinary exposure of a very gross and flagrant misrepresentation, may Sir JOSHUA remark at the close of his communication—While " I refrain from now entering into any controversy or any defence of the system of discipline which with so much care has been established in England and carried out with such marked success, I do earnestly protest against the means resorted to for crying it down." Adding, "I do also protest against the deep injustice that is done to the whole of the officers who have for many years devoted their best energies to carrying out the views of the Govern ment in regard to the proper mode of administering the law in connection with the highest class of our secondary punishment." The time has certainly arrived now in regard to this agitation of the question as to the merits or demerits of the discipline of our convict establishments generally, the period has certainly arrived now, we say, in regard to the agitation of this delicate and important problem, when the public should begin to bear in mind before pro nouncing judgment upon the system—[for as yet they have mostly heard of late but one side, namely, the arguments of its antagonists and depreciatorsi— they should bear in mind the good old honest axiom, Adi alteram partem. We must have patience with America. Pro gress towards anything decisive is very slow yet; the President cannot act if he would, and probably, now, would not if he could. The Senate confirms his appointments, accepts his refusal to produce correspondence with Major ANDERSON, and declines to cote resolutions calling on him to withdraw the Federal troops from the States which have seceded, and to decline collecting the revenue there. On the other hand, a resolution in favour of enforcing the Federal laws in these States is equally shelved. To do nothing is the sum of the policy indicated by the course of both Congress and the President up to the date of the last advises. The Senator from Ohio earnestly contends, how ever, that the people have no voice in the Govern meet which has been erected in the South, that they are trampled down by a military despotism. A General LIMON also has returned from Fort Sumpter and reported favourably on the state of the garrison, although he speaks of the Southern preparations as so considerable and so skilfully made, that the fort could be reinforced only with hazard and loss. It is, however, rumoured that the Government has introduced into Fort Pickens several hundred troops by night, and has sent orders to the West to confiscate all goods which enter without payilg the F.laal duties. The difficulty would be to find the force requisite for confiscation; the populace of the Free States on the Mississippi probably do not love the Federal Government so well as to pay willingly the protectionist duties of the new tariff, or even those of the old one; and for ten per cent. would probably send the few helpless officials of the Fede ral Government about their business, while they cleared out a cargo of cheap English manufactures at St. Louis in Illinois. " Why should they not get all the goods in return which they could for the corn they had sent to England ?" " Old Virginy," though she has not joined the Secession, is acting strongly in favour of slavery. She has voted that " African slavery is a vital part of the social system of the States in which it exists," but declined to add that it was also "part of the political system of the Federal Government." There is still, we suspe2t, every reason to fear that the Free North will purchase the support of the border States, by retaining a vigorous Fugitive Slave Law, and thus still marring their whole republic by the blot of slavery. If the North temporises and con ciliates the South, it can only be on the condition of the North be coming, as before, slave hunting ground for the South. A brilliant contralto has recently been added to of Miss Sullivan. Those who a t ' the number of our lady havesing a ea , a i d n y t h h e e a p r d e person accomplished artiste m ' u w st ordinary accessions to—what lu ve hreesrrhjvc.oguised in her ample range of voice, and in e n n finished ow, so style, eff e n c o . Wally the art-loving million to i musicalwh have enter tainments of the Metropolis. Those : rot heard Miss Sullivan have a likelihoo o d o a f v d e o' no g t :JO upon many future opportunies. This evening, far example, she is announced to sing the popular' and well-known lyric " To Thee" in the first part, and the yet more famous "II Segreto" in the second part of a concert given by Mr. Petters (a bli n d pilmist) at the Literary Institution, at Bayswater. Tc-morrow evening (Tuesday), at the New Vestry Hull, in the King's-road, Chelsea, Miss Sullivan is announced, moreover, for a far more arduous under taking, a far greater test of her abilities andleap a _ bilities as a musician, namely, the taking of the principal contralto in the grand oratorio of " The .Nesgah," , L A.rt E n 1 1 1 k, • TELEGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE. PARIS, APRIL 15. The Moniteur of to-day publishes an account of the indirect revenue for the first three months of the present year, which shows a decrease of 5,931,000 f. as compared with the same period in 1860. The Moniteur also announces that the pamphlet entitled " A Letter on the History of France," by Henry of Orleans (Duke d'Aumale), has been seized. COPENHAGEN, APRIL 14. The commanders of the 22 Danish battalions recently formed were appointed yesterday. Two battalions will proceed to Schleswig to-morrow. TURIN, APRIL 13. In to-day's sitting of the Chamber of Deputies the President read a lett& from Garibaldi, in which the latter declared that in his reply to the deputation from the workmen's associations of Milan he had no intention of offending either the King or the Parliament; also, that his devotion to the King was too well known, and that conse quently his conscience would not allow him to descend to justify himself against the charge of offending his Majesty. In the same letter he said, also, that his acts in favour of the country were also too notorious to allow it to be supposed that he wished to insult it. He added that the manner in which the Southern army had been treated filled his soul with disdain, and concluded by proposing a project of law for a vast nation al armament. No sign either of approbation or disapprobation marked the reading of this letter. The official Gazette of Turin publishes a decree ordering the formation of a volunteer corps, to comprise three divisions, in which the Garibaldian officers will hold rank. TURIN, APRIL 14. General Fanti has presented to the Chamber of Deputies a project of law for levying 18,000 men in the Neapolitan provinces. The Marquis de Montezemolo, having tendered his resignation, has been replaced in the Lieute nancy of Sicily by Signor Dallarovera. THORN, APRIL 14. Arrests continue to be made at Warsaw. Two members of the former delegation of citizens have also been arrested. It is said that Count Zamoyski has been ordered to leave Warsaw. The Governor has refused to grant an audience to citizens of high standing. The energetic attitude assumed by Prince Gort schakoff is attributed to the influence of General Chruleff. VIENNA, APRIL 9. The Oesterreichische Zeitung denies in the most positive terms the news published by the Vienna papers of this morning that the Government intends to grant an independent Ministry to Hungary, and that it no longer requires the Hungarians to send deputies to the Council of the Empire. BERNE, APRIL 14. A general committee assembled in this city, and affiliated to the German Central Committee in Genoa, has issued a manifesto calling for the forma tion of a German national army, which should enter the Austro-Germanic provinces through the Italian portion of the Tyrol, and proceed thence to revolutionise the whole of Germany. AMERICA. QUEE/sISTOWN, MONDAY. The Royal Mail steamship Canada, Captain Anderson, from Boston on the 3d and Halifax on the 4th inst., arrived here at 5 a.m. to-day. The Canada brings 70 passengers. She landed nine passengers and all mails' except those for Liverpool, and proceeded at 5.20 a. in. All well. She experienced easterly winds on the passage home. The Africa, America, New York, Borussia, and North American had arrived out. President Lincoln had become severely indisposed from constant exertion. The Government forts at Key West and Tortu gas had been reinforced. The Southern Commissioner for Europe embarked at New Orleans on the 31st of March. The election of members to Congress in Connec ticut will probably result in favour 'of the Repub lican party. It was stated that troops, provisions, and ammu nition were c onstantly reaching the Southern army. • Yellow fever was reported to be raging at Rio Janeiro. The Haytian papers publish a proclamation against Spanish aggression, stating that the only way to save the country is by revolution. The Morill tariff came into operation on the Ist of April, and created trouble, confusion, and annoy ance. The New York Bank's returns show an increase in specie of nearly 2,000,000 dollars. NEW ORLEANS, APRIL 1. Cotton sales to-day 8,000 bales. Middling, 1211. to 13c. (LATEST BY TELEGRAPH via HALIFAX.) NEW YORK, APRIL 4. Judge M'Lean, of the Supreme Court, is dead. Fort Sumpter is on the point of being evacuated. Two officers have arrived from Charleston, and hold an interview to-day with the Ministers at Washington. The Secretary for the Treasury refuses to receive any bids for the new loan under 94. The Nova Scotian and Kangaroo have arrived out. The British brig Newnham, from Rio for Liver pool, has been lost on Anegua (?). Extraordinary activity prevails in the navy yards. It is said that Fort Pickens will be reinforced at all hazards. have been completely submerged, and the roads have been everywhere rendered impassable. The telegraphic communication has been inter rupted, and the destruction of houses, crops, stores of all kinds, roads, &c., has been such that many millions will not compensate for :t. The Government has despatched Mr. Van der Wyck, a member of the Supreme Council, to the scene of disaster, and placed 800,000 florins at his disposal. FRANCE. PARIS, SATURDAY. The following observations from M. Odilon Barrot's interesting little volume on centralisation are singularly appropriate at a moment when mili tary armaments are going on in every country in Europe : " Between two nations that shall meet in conflict the first success is pretty certain to be for the one which can most easily and most rapidly dispose of all its resources in money and in soldiers,—conse quently, for the one whese Government is the most centralized. But if the conflict be prolonged, the chance will infallibly turn to the advantage of the free Government, and this for reasons which every one can understand. " In our days war no longer supports war, and as the Treasury, particularly of Governments the condition of which is to always keep on foot great armies, can barely suffice for peace expenditure, in case of war it must of necessity have recourse to credit. Now, credit exists on the great guarantees which free institutions alone can secure. Despotism may inherit and make use of it for some time, but it will very soon exhaust it, while in free countries credit is not exhausted. The more imminent the danger the more is the patriotism of all roused, and the more will it aid the State. And if it be true that triumph is finally to the last crown, it is the people who enjoy most liberty, and consequently the greatest credit, who shall win. " I will add that absolute Governments have not, in order to repair a defeat, that moral elasticity which, with free nations, doubles their forces and their sacrifices after a reverse. Free people only have the privilege of being able to suffer more than one check without being depressed, and to supply material loss by moral force. Absolute Governments do not possess this advantage, and these are condemned to always conquer." The decree in the Moniteur of Thursday, raising to 2,500 f. the sum fixed by the Government to be paid by conscripts who desire to be relieved from serving in the army, has given rise to various erroneous reports. The reason the Government has adopted this measure is that it wishes to encourage old soldiers to renew their engagement when their period of service has expired. For this purpose the Minister of War has raised the bounty to be given to an old soldier on his re-engagement to 2,200 f., and an addition of 10c., or id. a day, to his pay. It is to create a fund for that purpose that the French Government has raised the sum to be paid by con scripts for exemption from the service to 2,500 f. BOURSE, April 13.—The market has been rather inanimate, at prices nearly the same as yesterday. Threes opened at 67f 45e., and are now at 67f 500. Very little doing in Railway Shares. The following were the last quotations:— ft per per Cents 95 Credit Fonder 925 Do. end month.... 95 2:5 , Belgian 41 3 per Cents Do. end month 67 50 Roman Bank Shares . 2390 Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 645 Spanish Threes 4Bl Do. Account 647 50 Home Debt RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1325 .. 1327 50 Northern New ditto BBO Lyons and Mediterranean. 946 25 .. 946 25 Geneva 386 25 .. 390 Southern 530 50 .. 532 25 Western Eastern Sardinian Austrian 455 .. 457 50 Lowbard WARSAW. THORN, APRIL 11. On Tuesday night last the Russian troops were encamped in the squares of Warsaw. The public buildings were also occupied by the military. All the shops, workshops, and offices were closed. Great crowds of people were assembled in the streets, but it was forbidden them to stand still. The national costume and mourning are no longer to be seen. No newspapers are published. Among the per sons killed and wounded in the recent disturbances were several women and children. At present all is quiet. The following proclamation has been issued by Prince Gortschakoff : " The numerous appeals that I have made to you have remained without effect. Yesterday was a day of mourning for us both on account of the fol lowing events. " Already, the day before yesterday, various demonstrations were made by the masses, who would not listen to my words. Yesterday, at half-past 6 in the evening, a considerable crowd assembled on the Sigismund-square. To put a stop to the demonstrations a company of infantry, supported by gendarmes and Cossacks in reserve, were ordered to intervene • but they were preceded by a func tionary of the police, who, to the sound of the drum, called upon the crowd to disperse. After a first summons, he made a second 10 minutes afterwards, and then, after another delay of 10 minutes, he made a third. " The order had been given to disperse the crowd by mounted gendarmerie without using their swords and that the infantry was only to act in case the troops were attacked. " Two charges of the gendarmerie sufficed to disperse the crowd, without a mishap ; but the boldest of the band returned in numbers, and pelted the troops with stones. The commander of the troops remarked a man of tall stature who ap peared to be the leader of the band. He ordered him to be captured, which was not effected without an obstinate struggle. " At this juncture a body of men, led jby a man carrying a cross, arrived on the spot from the Cra cow faubourg, singing a song. A half company dispersed this body without using their arms. A compact body now approached from the Rue des Senateurs and struck up a song. The Cossacks or dered to disperse it were strictly ordered not to use their weapons. This body was dispersed at first without au accident. But as soon as the Cossacks had retired behind the infantry, the crowd advanced again and pelted them with stones and bricks. At the same time an attempt was made to barricade the entrances to the Podwall and Senator streets, by accumulating hackney coaches and droschkis, so that the military commandant was obliged, after a renewed shower of atones, to order his men to fire. To prevent the crowd increasing, which refused to withdraw, he ordered three volleys to be fired. " According to the reports returned as yet ten inhabitants and two soldiers have been killed ; 70 persons have been arrested. By such acts mis guided and incorrigible men disturb us in the solemn moments devoted to the labour and deve lopment of the institutions granted with benevo lence by his Majesty to the country. " The Council of Administration has issued an ordonnance respecting the disturbances, which I publish. " I shall not submit the persons arrested te-day to trial by court-martial ; but they will be tried according to the terms of the ordonnance issued to-day, which will be carried out to the letter. "In the name of God, in the name of the respect due to the Sovereign, to public order, to the wel fare and honour of the country, I beseech you to consider, for if this new law does not suffice to calm the madness of those who are leading you to your destruction, I shall feel myself obliged, after having shown too much patience, to proclaim a state of siege, and the subsequent misfortunes that may ensue would fall upon the heads of these madmen. " Prince GOIITSCHAKOFF, " Lieutenant of the Kingdom." The following is the decree issued by the Council of Administration : "In the name of his Altijesty the Emperor Alex ander 11., Autocrat of all the Russias, King of Poland, the Council of Administration ordains, considering that the repeated asset blages in crowds disturb public order and impede the tree develop ment of the constitution granted by Majesty, by order of his Majesty, as follows :- 1. All assemblages not authorised by the Go verment in the public squares and streets are pro hibited. " 2. In case of assemblages in the public squares or streets, the burgomaster or functionary next in rank will call upori the people to disperse by sound of drum. After two summonses to disperse have not been attended to, h 3 will make a third sum mons, and if the crowd does not then disp-rse he will employ armed force. If necessary, armed force may be employed after a first summons. " ' 3. All persons not immediately dispersing will be arrested and sent to some fortress, to be tried before the competent authorities. " '4. Any person not 'ming the crowd at once, after a firFt summons, is liable imprisonment for eight to 20 days ; after a second summons, to from three to six months' imprisonment in the house of correction ; after the third summons, to imprisonment from six months to two years. Any person resisting in any manner the armed force is liable to five years' imprisonment in a fortress. <5. Any person inciting resistance to the armed force is liable to doable the above penalties. " 6. Any person inciting or provoking assem blages prohibited in Article 1, is liable to imprison ment in the house of correction from six months to two years ; the same i s a p p li ca bl e to persons issuing lithographic sheets or handbills of an insurrection ary nature. Any person distributing such hand bills is liable to imprisonment for eight days to 20 days. " 7. Should other offences be committed in these assemblages not here notified, they will come under the regular laws. " 8. Should assemblages or disturbances occur frequently in the same locality, the instigators and promoters of the same will be conveyed to a for tress, to await their trial. " 9. The Director. General of the Interior and of Justice is charged with the execution of the present decree, which is to be inserted in the code of laws. " ' Issued at Warsaw on the Bth of April, 1861. " Prince GORTSCIIAKOFF. " WOLOUSKI. (Countersigned) „ 6 KARNICRI,'" • LI7'ERA7 URE. Silas Marner, the Weaver of Ravet oe . By George Eliot, author of " Adam Bede," &c. William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London. A new work by this celebrated author is sure to attract a considerable share of attention, inasmuch as nothing has proceeded from the pen of the com poser of " Adam Bede" that is not worthy to hold a place among the best attainments of the day, and to rank high in intellectual supremacy over many superior and standard books. This last produc• tion is much simpler in style and shorter in length than its predecessors, but it is more pleasing than the • " Mill on the Floss" in some respects. The character and career of Silas Marner are admirably conceived and executed. He is a perfect specimen of his class of disposition, and more talent is dis played in the short sentences that tell us of the lonely silent man, who is the humble weaver of the rural district, than is often met with in the elabo rate details that swell the records of the magnates and potentates that shine forth conspicuous in the golden legends of romance. The story itself is not very complicated, but one or two points of importance are strikingly introduced. In particu lar may be mentioned the discovery of Dunstan in the stone pit sixteen years after he had robbed the weaver of his hard earnings, and departed hidden by the friendly darkness, as he thought, from all unfriendly watchers. He rushed away from the blazing hearth of the man he had robbed, but the avenger was even then on his track, and he sunk into destruction with his precious treasure. A more sudden and solemn judgment could hardly be afforded to the guilty beings who might have been present at his finding. Ther© lay the gold in its case even as it had gone down on that night long years ago, but the man, then in the flush of youth and the pride of strength, what was he? A blanched and withered skeleton, while his undying part they knew had been removed at once to its account, gone to stand in that world where the deeds of darkness are brought to light and the secrets of the innermost heart shall be revealed. The brothers of the "Red House" were pot very shining lights to their humbler neighbours. The eldest son, Godfrey Cass, was far superior to Dun stan, but he was easily led, and very deficient in moral courage. He had contracted a mar riage with a woman of low rank and unsuitable habits for one in his position. He concealed this from his father and friends, and to all appearance was devoted to a beautiful young lady of the village. One New Year's-night another visitant came to the weaver's cottage—not a guilty man, but an innocent child. Silas, on searching, found its mother lying perished in the snow outside the door. He hurried to Squire Cass's, where every one was assembled, and there the father saw his child in the weaver's arms. All he thought of and trusted in was that its mother's sleep amid the snow might prove to have been her last long rest. It was found that the sleep was indeed that of eter nal silence, and then the deceitful man would not claim his child. He left it in the hands of the kind but eccentric man, whom injustice and cruelty had hardened, but whose heart ever softened at the sight of sorrow and suffering. Godfrey, however, did not escape without retribution. In the eyes of men all prospered, he married Miss Lammeter, who proved an excellent woman, but disappointment marked him for its own. He had set his heart on children that he should not blush to own, but the only one that came was early taken away. While he saw his eldest one blooming in health,as the rose of the village, and filling the gloomy house of the weaver with the light of radiant youth, and cheer ing him with the gaiety of the joyous spirit un dimmed by care and anxiety, which can only belong to life's fresh morning, the halls of the rich man were deserted, and his hearth remained deso late. At last, when the finger of heaven seemed to point out his brother's crime, Godfrey was fright ened ; he told his wife his fatal secret, and proposed that they should claim the neglected child, but here again he was inet with a failure. Silas sternly told him that he had no right, as he had not done so earlier, and had lived all these years in the im mediate vicinity without making a sign that the outcast child was the heiress of his estates ; also Eppie refused to accede to the request that had been tendered too late, and proved unwelcome to her feelings. She had been t brought up to consi der the weaver her father, and she could not be reconciled to the thoughts of transplanting herself to grandeur that could never be congenial. The most pleasing portion of the story is that which records the change that came over the spirit of Silas from the day when the child appeared as an angel visitant on his threshold. It seemed as if, with . the disappearance of his dearly-loved gold, had vanished his bitter ness, hatred, and contempt for the human race, and that with the presence of the child dawned a new day on the sad night of his dreary existence. The loss he so bitterly lamented at the outset was his gain indeed. It brought better thoughts to his mind, it forced him to mingle with his fellow men, and it showed him the futility of setting the affections of his heart on the perishable treasures that were the heritage of moth and rust, or the future harvest of thieves. At the right moment the child came to claim his eare, to reive the dor- mant flame of love that had so long been extin guished in his breast, and 'to raise up the thoughts that had grovelled in the dust, to the exalted goal of which they were worthy. He then beheld a true motive and a right incentive for toil in the helpless innocent; his earnings no more should be buried in the ground, useless to others and perni cious to himself. •He had no further call to wor ship at the shrine of Mammon a helpless slave and a soul-bound suppliant, for brighter and better work awaited him. His was now a noble toil, and a blessed endeavour : to protect a wandering child from a cold and cruel world, in whose rough high ways her feet had so early strayed, to train up a young being in the ways of peace and pleasantness, that she might walk in uprightness in her pil grimage below, and to influence and inform the spirit that was to survive the fleeting and fading fashion of this world, to exist in a glorious immor tality beyond the bounds of time and space. The effect produced on him is finely portrayed in the following passage :—" In old days there were angels who came and took men by the hand and led them away from the city of destruction. We see no white-winged angels now. But yet men are led away from threatening destruction ; a hand is put into theirs, which leads them forth gently to wards a calm and bright land, so that they look no more backward ; and the hand may be a little child's !" There was more of her father than her mother in Eppie. She had inherited none of the vulgarity that had been the characteristic of that unfortunate woman, who, in her desire for ven geance on her neglectful husband, had taken that desperate walk in the bitter winter night whose snows had stopped her on her cruel, errand, and shrouded her in their icy folds of sepulchre till she should wake to the everlasting morning. The village of Raveloe, in its poor simplicity, was rich in illustrations and rife with warnings that were as the handwriting on the wall, to teach the careless and inform the ignorant. Silas made an idol of his gold, aad it vanished as if by magic, and for long years no trace could be found of its whereabouts. Dunstan Cass had seized another's right to enable himself to indulge in sin and rioting, and a dark and sudden doom overtook him. The unhappy wife had rushed on in heedless haste to annoy her husband and disgrace him before his father and his friends, when a numbing power stayed her, and she was frustrated in her purpose. Effie had the inherent grace of her father's gentle blood mingled with the rusticity in which she was nurtured. She was likewise brought up in a superior style to the herd around her. " Perfect love has a breath of poetry which can exalt the relations of the least instructed human beings, and this breath of poetry had surrounded Eppie om the time when the had followed the bright gleam that had beckoned her to Silas's hearth." She had ,sense, jus , ice, end reason on her side when she elincd to follow her haughty father to his graul abode. Her home was fixed, and her heart could not falter in its path or waver in its allegiance. H WilP Jag donned hor mother, denied his child, and COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, APRIL 4. Exchange, 1081. Stocks lower. Erie, 31• x, ; New York Central, 781 ; IlliuoiQ, 83. The cotton market is firm, with middling upland at 13c. Breadstuffs slightly lower. Provisions steady. BATAVIA, MARCH 2. Great floods have taken place in this island causing calamities only inferior to those in Holland, and indeed, in one sense, greater, as there seems to have been more loss of life. Hundreds of persons have lost their lives, and many thousands have been ruined. Earthslips have also taken place in many places, Which have destroyed whole tracts of couutry. Several villages deceived his family had no claim on her reverence; and he who, in the depths of poverty, had wel comed one wbo had no claim on his labour, and made her happy by the kindness of his care, he she felt was her friend, her protector, and her guide, and she did not intend to desert him. Godfrey could not deny the truth of this, and he returned to his childless home: Some of the village characters are very aptly described in their quaint style, and present great knowledge of men and customs of I life on the part of th e au th or . D o ll y Wi n th ro p s a very origin al person, and some of her suggestions were more likely to i m p ress th e m i n d w i t h their downright earnestness than many more laboured orations and studied phrases. She was of essen tial service to Silas in his moods of doubtfulness and dismay at the strange events of his life. In referring to the calamities that had caused him to quit his native place and come to Raveloe he had said "It is dark to me; I doubt it will be dark to the last." " Well, yes, Master Marner," said Dolly, "I doubt it may. It's the will of Them above as a many things should be dark to us ; but there's some things as I've never felt in the dark about, and they're 'mostly what comes i'the day's work. You were hard done by that once, Master Marner, and it- seems as we'll never know the rights of it; bat that does not hinder there being a rights, Master Marner, for all it's dark to you and me." If this idea of the ignorant woman were embraced and accepted by the wise and learned ones who fill the high places of humanity, there might be more real knowledge diffused, that would help to guide in the intricate paths, and smooth the rugged roads of life, and there would be more of that precious wisdom extant which would adorn its possessor as a rare gem of priceless setting, and which would lead them in the ways of plea santness and peace. Silas Marner may not fulfil the expectations of those who may be looking out for something very striking from one whose works have been admired and appreciated far and near, and rendered their author renowned among those whose writings have influenced and impressed the minds of their generation, and very possibly may survive their own day, to exhibit to another class of society the fashions and foibles of this present moment. Yet there is more feeling in many passages of this work than in its brilliant predecessors, and while some of their errors re main, the general style seems mellowed -by a softer impress, and tuned to a finer tone. The lesson of life, as taught to Silas Marner, may teach many who are wiser, and the task will not be a profitless one. The satisfaction to be derived from the perusal of a superior book does not cease when the interest of the tale is over ; but rests in the memory as the vibration of sweetness that lingers in the ears when the sounding chords have been swept along by the magical touch of melody. So the master-mind of genius can fas cinate with an irresistible attraction, and shine with an immortal lustre, and where we meet with a work that approaches in any degree !co the high standard of perfection as regards merit of style or might of expression, we must appre ciate and admire it accordingly. The enthusiastic reception that was awarded to " Adam Bede" is not likely to await this, its successor, in the lists of competition for public favour, but whereas it displays much of that shining order of talent that irradiated its pages, it may expect, not unreason ably, some reflex of the glory of its success, and some shadow of the grace of its approval. Framley Parsonage. By Anthony Trollope, author of " Barchester Towers, &c. &c. 3 vols. Smith, Elder, and Co. "Framley Parsonage," as most of its readers will probably be aware, has long been one of the chief attractions of the Cornhill Magazine. The sayings and doings of the quiet little world at Framley, of Mark Robarts, and his wife and sister at the par sonage, of Lord Lufton and his mother at Framley Court, of Mr. Sowerby and the Duke of Omnium, of our old clerical friends at Barchester and their families, have added greatly to the interest with which the sub scribers to that able and successful serial have regarded the regular arrival of the orange cover. And now that the tale is told, that the actors have played their part out in its pages, the reappear ance of " Framley Parsonage" in true novel fashion was of course to be looked for. Now that it is thus gathered together and presented to the world, the brilliant author of " Castle Richmond" and The Bertrams" need not fear a comparison with his later works. Though less striking as a whole, possessing less vivid interest in the plot, and less connection in the chain of incident, it is so simple and life-like in its interest, so natural and clever in its delineations of character, that many readers will deem it more pleasing than their former favourites. Its faults may be attributed in some measure to the manner of its first publication, a degree of prolixity and rambling being sometimes perceptible, and the crowd of individuals brought before us being sufficient to perplex if not to con fuse the ordinary reader. This may, however, be the more readily excused, as the author's great forte is undoubtedly the portrayal of character. His dramatis persona are numerous indeed, yet each has an individual idiosyncrasy, maintained by skilful touches, given when the portrait might be most easily slighted by a less finished artist. And these characters are natural, not impossible heroes and heroines, not highflown or even very high principled in their prevailing sentiments, not hardened monsters and criminals. They are ordi nary men and women, such as are met with every day ; !pleasant, genial, and frank, ;some of them ; others hard, keen, worldly, not scrupling to benefit themselves at the expense of a friend. The good predominates largely in some—the bad in others ) but mingled in all, as it is in our daily lfe. Mr. Trollope does not make the mistake that is so common with historians and novelists, of dividing mankind into black and white. His worst charac ters have some touches of human feeling, his best some traces of human weakness. Mark Robarts, vicar of Framley, and one of the heroes, has indeed rather more than his share of this weakness, and although natural enough, he is by no means the most interesting person in the book. Instead of arouwing the reader's sympathy for his troubles, he often awakens his contempt, and is scarcely good enough for his gracious and loveable wife. Mark Robarts is one of those fortunate individuals whose path in life has been an uninterrupted course of successes. A school friendship with young Lord Lufton led to his widowed mother's bestowal of a wealthy living. The lady he selected for his wife suited the views of his patroness, and when we are intrcduced to him settled at the parsonage he has nothing to trouble him. But he brings perplexity on himself by a rash intimacy with an embarrassed spend thrift, who induces him to put his name to bills for his benefit. Those who have very slight experience in life or in novels need not be told how this ends, although it hangs over the rash parson's head for some time. Meanwhile Mark's sister, Lucy, comes to live at the parsonage, and Lord Lufton, who is a fine attractive character, prefers her to the bride of his mother's choosing. Lady Lufton is one, of the principal actors throughout the story. She is an excellent woman, a devoted mother, and a faithful friend, but, like other admirable people, she prefers her own way to that of those around her. Mark Roberts has been involved in several dilemmas, be cause the patroness of the living is inclined to interfere with its incumbent, and his acquaintance with sows obnoxious neighbours occasions a stormy scene be tween his wife and her old friend Lady Lufton. Lucy Robarts, who is a fresh and original charac ter, possessed of quick wit and ardent feeling, re ceives Lord Lufton's suit most ungraciously, giving him a decided refusal, and when pressed for a rea son, declaring that she is indifferent to him. She after wards reproaches herself for this falsehood, knowing that pride, joined to her fear of Lady Lufton's displeasure, has really actuated her. Lord Lufton makes another attempt through her brother Mark, but she repeats her refusal, admitting, how ever, that she will consent if his mother asks her, which she knows is not very probable. .Lady Ltd ton is aghast, and plans an interview with Lucy, who is as proud as herself. Lord Lufton departs for Norway, and the matter is left in abeyance. On this affair centres the chief interest of the story, as Lord Lufton and Lucy are certainly its most attractive characters. How all is set right at last, how the mother's pride is conquered, and how the threatened execution, on account of the dreadful bills, is stayed, we leave the reader to discover, only he may be confident that it does happen, for Mr. Trollope, knowing perhaps that he excels in melodrama and sparkling comedy rather than in tragedy, is fond of making his heroes and heroines happy, and bringing about gy: cheerful denouement. The numerous ranks 0 1 secondary figures are well worth study. We meet again most of our old friends of ." Barchester Towers, as well as renewing an acquaintance with Doctor Thorne" and many of his associates. Miss Dun stable, shrewd, witty, kind, and flippant as of old, steps forward to grt et us ; Mary Thorne, now fir i t Frank Gresham, appears in the character of matc h - s' while the worthy Doctor himself occupi es a position by no means insignificant. Thee our familiar friends of the cathedral city claim ~,,Erecogn ition. Mrs. Proudie, more vixenish and meaT'. some than ever, with the meek bishop in her tra m Mrs. Grantly, her courteous enemy, with her beau tiful tiful but passionless daughter, whose portrait is somewhat overdrawn in its unimpressionable piaci c , c i a t l v ld ; w th is e h a ; rc p li r d . e A ae r o a l b ), im w . h i o ,d is ti s i 7n vw s il e , ! them. Mr. Trollope has not im p roved in his e is , (1 ( ° ) c e e r t I t i h e a m n u w c carat Mrs. Bald of B a rches a te n r d , a a l n t d h o o u i g li h ei h •s e w ith mate of the clerical chara cter, truly;iq extenuation of Mark Robarts' weakness AtO/vz The m Ilehrend s r esolved baitte e w, Poreigi able influ and aoml mor aarwy y Ii pr evailed °lleernin 1104 have (I '4 for 1 1 91 11 :,, e ady at and ' l el'? Seri Forei g T urkish E New 185 to 49/ ; t The dc u eeh lim , - --- 44 own rt .n righton ( 11 erv v id 44 (1 East shire, an Th e F d emand, South A s hade fir 1 -; and il tila real Joint t ernain N x 7. 31 Pi,eerr Cceell: Nv 3 ' 4 dia Sto gy Ditto 4 Ditto S vitro Ditto 5! f , ditto 1 fo 12, xcheque D (-- Ditto S B razilian Ditto Mexican ti Ditto A I .l l Rsian b Ditto 3 t ," ° arclinian 13 „,Panish Turkish Ditto A Ditto Ditto A Austrian hutch E: Ditto Canto D: trllT] April 14. e eBB Beat f l'oni the C birthd ay Ing of Fort Bel Water w The : 111 St. Ja recess at Lord residence The havens v chur c h Castle, ti The 111 t own I ° l ' the si Lord c ircle at