The Sun. — London, England, 1831-07-29 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. -Sir Robert. Peel, whatever have bsen his mistakes upon the general tendencies and characteristics of the Refor m B i ll, ma y c laim at least the merit of , Tiving discovered a new scale whereby to adjudge the,, electi ve r i g h ts o f th e ki ng d om . Whil e some Tn. Gentlemen were contending for the principle of property, some for that of population, a third class for that of intelligence, as indicated by combi nations of the other two, it was left for the Right Ron. Gentleman to find out the geographical —or, to speak in every sense more correctly—the est/per il:jai principle of the representation. Sir Robert dr aws a line from east and by north, to west and by south, from the 'Wash to the Severn. He then emnplains that the portion of England northward of that line has carried off too many Members of Par liament, and left too few for the southern division of the island. He takes, first, something like a paral lel of latitude, then reckons upon a number of nomi nal subdivisions, called counties, on either side of the aforesaid parallel, and finishes by exclaiming how un equal) y have you allotted the amount of change between the two measurements of the country 1 . We t hink that it would not be difficult to suggest a familiar illustration of the Right Hon. Baronet's theory. Suppose we take 40 square miles upon 'llisbury-plain, and then multiplying four miles into 're, Which might perhaps embrace the area of this great metropolis, cry out, what a monstrous in- Justice has been perpetra.ed under the Bill ; why here is 20 square miles have 12 or 14 rept esentatives, While 40 square miles have none at all ! It is not necessary, to the justice of our remark upon the principle" which Sir Robert Peel has adopted, or rather which he pressed into the service of a single night, that we should insist on every county south of his line of demarcation, being no better entitled 10 representatives than so many square acres of S alisbury-phdri; but we do affirm, that his reference t o mere superficial measurement, and to mere nomi nal divisions of land, would bear out such a sim li tude,had he. even left the question on that simple f °°tlng. The Right Hon. Baronet, however, has fa ring ushed his o bj ec t ions a goo d d ea l f ur th er , w ith ou t a great deal better. He says, you have des- Polled the southern counties of seven times as many re presentatives as you have taken from those of the north. To make this charge of any value, he ought t ° have added, that the south had as good s title as the north to be exempted from the purifying pro ee". How stands the case ? Before England became a manufacturing country, the south was rich and the north poor, because the cultivation of t.l?e earth was con fi ne d to it s vege t a bl e p ro d uce , an d 'lie seat of its most abundant wealth—to wit, the mine districts —was, save that of the tin mines, for e most part neg lected or unknown. The populati o n "ad affluence of the south of England far exceeded, In former ages, those of the north of Trent ; of which now powerful and overflowing country, the nhabita nts were , even w i t hi n t h e l ast seventy years, loo ked upon by the great mass of their southern a be ighbours as far inferior in r e fin emen t t o them elves. U n d ou b te dl y, t h e sout h ern count i es gene rally y 0. 4 are riot less populous or wealthy than ever,— 'ty ha ve no t retrogra d e d, b ut t h e contrar y ; t h ey 'ihave lost nothing but in comparison with the " o rtherne, who have far outstripped them collec tively in numbers, wealth, and knowledge, the great elements of all claim to political power and superio rity. When Sir Robert Peel, therefore, c r i e s ou t eglOn the com p ara ti ve li g ht ness w i t h w hi c h disfran isement has fallen upon the north, and the com ltrative gain which that district is to d er i ve f rom e e meditated reconstruction of the House of "morons, he ought to remonstrate rather wit h , that active and enlightened intelligen ce , i' fi leh in digging down as it were to the o , ll ndations of the land, and drinking from t ne deep and inexhaustible, the primitive and whole tioine springs of its natural greatness, has covered le Nee of that division of England with the dwellings of i ndustry and civil . zation,—has made it swarm with Inhabitants, shrewd, skilful, and high-spirited,—las centupled the value of agricultural property accord :l to the est i mates o f f ormer d ays , a l t h oug h i t h as lot until the present hour been enabled to rescue That world of modern, but im:neasurable growth, Old the thraldom imposed upon it by Gatton and Sarum, and other heir-looms of foul and barba rous corruption. But see of Wh a t c l ass o f represen tatives it is that the southern counties have bean de spoiled. When the very reasonable scheme of Reform was propounded, by virtue of which, all in. significant or tenantless hovels, like those just alluded tOl should lose the power of legislating for a great nation, arid places of vast•wealth, intelligence, and i mportance, sSould be admitted to a share in the t nanagement of their own concern., did any man but those who exclaimed against all Reform object to the Principle as in itself unwise or vicious ? Well, then, .was it the fault of the north of England that Gatton, Old Ssrurn, Corfe Castle, the Cornish boroughs, Ac., happened to lie beyond its unrepresented frontiers ? If that class of hogsties, " the shameful Parts of the Constitution," were found in far more offensive abundance southward of the line which connects the " Wash" with Bristol, than upon the ether side of it, were Ministers to subvert the whole Structure of their Bill for the sake of that fictitious an d unmeaning uniformity which would sacrifice sub- Sotnnces to names and numbers ? The real purpose f Sir Robert Peel's objection upon that branch of th e. subject, no matter how mystified or enveloped, ; 18 , that Old Sarum might still send Members to 1 , 4 , 11 6 n -te n t, and the great towns of England not mer ely leader of the Opposition, however, objects, not t iZerely to the new distribution of Members, but to q e r te ualification for votes, as both contributed to an ; excessive aggrandizement of the trading in sidneat. We shall not insist on the folly of con -Ting nomination boroughs in the south of Eng- C l u otherwise than as commodities to be purchased f' Y ojn e haPmen from Northumberland, no less than Devon, because Sir Robert Peel himself 1 1 : 41 towledg e d the force of that objection to t : l % views; and, in fact, we might say with truth tlth some of those virtuous corporations in the inter est but that of the great potentate at Alnwick. bet then we are told that the franchise, as about to t 0 re- constructed, will give too great preponderance f 4 ; l le commercial interest. Now whoever, after Y looking at the Bill, shall say that the new e ali fications of electors are not infinitely more fa :l:lstable to the landed . interest . than the old ones, c be a person entirely incapable of understand thg the plainest proposition. Under the old system, tol e franchises contained an infinite variety of vices tin well as of defects. So undefined, and complex, h I bis-shaper' were the claims under which everynum e f the borough constituency voted, that almost R i v species of accident may be alleged to have h tiv e.o the right of election, except the accident of of 1 1 1 11 ,g fixed property in the soil. The accident ti res e k l.ng a potwalloper, the accident of an appren liyeulPs the accid e nt o f being a servant, even a b ou l Y servant oftentimes of the stranger who had lis t ,f h t the patronage of the borough for his illocnotes, , —eviry kind, every distortion, every Me t er) in th e way of accident, might be Ig n eed as a sample of qualification. But what everahout to be the case ? No vote what ), can b e g i ven f or county , c i t y, or b oroug h, inee"ceforth in Engl an d, sa ve only by virtue of exist j4e f r anchi ses, w hi c h s h a ll not . be founded' on bond hot 14 P o ° ssession o f fi xe d ( no t fl oa ting, not negotiable, no r , l l degree movea bl e ) property of some de holduletil on o r other. It must be freehold, copy b, or leasehold property. If not freehold, it must ar id _ C ut out of th e free h o ld,"—i t m u st spring from and 'merge i n t h e so il . Wh o, t h en, must u l t i mate ly, quiti.rfiollectively, be the directors of this spec i es of ? Why, doubtle s s, " the lords of the ls od. 41 oth er wor d s , t h e l an d e d i nterest o f Eng th, en th ose w h o are m i nu t e l y i n f orme d upon Patti 'Jeer) it would be quite needless to go into thr oti eu t it tts for proof, that of the middling town* est k 4g"otit Engl an d, t h e p ro p r i e t ors o f comiguous r Pro s sshein g country gent l emen , are i n a very l arge orti 44 1444 on landlords of the principal streets. e very where are " here to-day and gone to 'morrow," as compared with the country gentleman interee. Who is it, therefore, we beg to repeat, that stands the best chance of permanently influenc ing even the inhabiPants of trading or manufac turing towns—the landlords who grant the leases, or the men in busi►iess who accept them ? Had Sir Robert Peel changed his tack, and abused the pro jected qualifications for their tendency to favour land at the expense of commerce, we are not sure tha . the Right Hon. Baronet might not have made a less 'preposterous show of battle. With respect to thr progress made last night, we have to state, that only six more boroughs in schedule B were disposed of, and this result was not obtained without some sharp skirmishing. Some of the warm friends of Reform, it will be seen, objected to Ministers their want of zeal and energy in forwarding the Bill, which night after night is discussed on precisely the same grounds. On the other hand, the conduct of Cr.l - was praised by the Anti-Reformers. We take it for grarred that the Ministers are not anxious for such praise. The truth is, that, with the best intentions, they want some leader, of commanding intellect, to contr. - out and influence the debates. Hence it i:, that the Bill " drags its slow length along," to the delight of its enemies, and the annoy ance arid diTleasure of the people of England.— Times. We mentioned on Wednesday (before any of our contemporaries had alluded to the subject), that Prussia had recently shamefully violated all the prin ciples of neutrality, by suppling arms and munitions of war to the Russians, and by doing every thing in her power, short of open hostilities, to counteract the exertions, or to obstruct the success, of the Poles in their struggle for independence. We have since seen a letter from Berlin, which describes not only the offensive acts, but announces the open pro fessions of the Prussian Government on the subject. From this source we are enabled to state, officially, that Prussia no longer pretends to observe the prin ciples of neutrality ; but that she announces, and attemp•s tojustify, her disposition to assist the oppres sor against the oppressed,—to allow every facility to the Russians to obtain provisions or warlike stores, — arid to throw every obstacle in the way of the Poles. This disposition was evident from the commence ment of the war. Hence the favour shown to the Rus sians in the permision to get provisions and stores from the Prussian territory,—hence Russian' troops had always a secure retreat on tire Prussian frontier, —and hence the navigation of the Vistula was al ways open from its mouth to the borders of the kingdom of Poland, for the transport of arms or ar tillery for the Russian army. Hence, on the other band, the unceasing display of malignity towards the Polish cause, and the constant attempts to misrepre sent the principles and proceedings of the Polish nation. Hence their succours were stopped on the Prussian frontier, their letters intercepted, and even travellers proceeding to Poland interrupted on their way. Hence not an ounce of powder, not a musket, was allowed to be carried across any portion of the Prussian territory. Nay, so rigorous were the Prussian authorities in their interception of objects destined to assist the Poles,that gun-barrels, packed up as gas-pipes, have been detected and seized on their way through Prussia to Warsaw. Still what ever were the acts of the Prussian Government, it was only hit,ly that its views and intentions have been openly avowed. Satisfied with the com mission of the mischief, it avoided the odium of the confession till lately pressed upon by the representa tions and remonstrances of the French Ambassador at Berlin. To this diplomatist the Prussian Cabinet has declared, that " it does not profess to be neu tral, that it is only passive,—that the Polish diplo matic agents abroad were the only persons w ho hail pretended to establish its neutrality,—that it was desirous to see the triumph of the Russians, and the overthrow of the Poles,—that it would employ all the means of bringing about this result, short of fighting,—that it would supply, arms arid provi sions of all kinds to the Russians,—that it only considered the Poles as insurgents against their law ful Sovereign, who 11aS the close idly of Prussia,—and t hat every means of reducing the latter would have its hearty concurrence and approba tion." This notable distinction between neutrality and inactivity was first invented by Prince Metter nich, to justify the 'conduct of the Austrian authori ties in their treatment of Dwernicki's corps in Gal fide, and, like most new doctrines, has been carried much farther by the zealous disciple than by the in ventive teacher. It is, of course, nothing but a pre text for infamous partiality anti injustice. It would not be assumed or avowed unless by the strong against the weak--by the cruel allies of the op pressor against the rights of the oppressed. It is a declaration of war against Poland, as much as if Prussian troops were sent to the camp of the Czar, and may be so considered by France or any other power which is desirous to see justice done to the cause of Polish independence. From the conduct both of Austria and Prussia, we are afraid that Poland must ultimately look beyond its own arm, and to the assistance of other free states, for the triumph of her cause. However marvellous have hitherto been the displays of her bravery—her love of free dom—and her patriotic enthusiasm, her spirit will be unable to support itself, and her physical power must soon be exhausted, if, while she is cooped up in a corner, and pinioned to the ground, by two of the partitioning despots, her vitals are torn by the unrestrained and giant barbarism of the third. We remember well the pathetic manifestoes and declara tions of the Allies, in favour of stopping the effu sion of blood in Greece ; but were the degenerate Greeks more worthy of the generous interference of free men than the heroic Poles ? or were the hordes of Moslems, with plague and pestilence in their rear, more cruel arid exterminating than the Muscovites and Cossacks, with their chains and their cholera morbus ? France has announced her offer of me diation. If any disaster should now happen to - Warsaw, she may be immediately driven to a decla- ' ration of war ; and then the Powers, who are already stained with crimes of three partitions, may have to fight for territory nearer and dearer than the wasted and bleeding limbs of Poland.—Timcs. An Irish newspaper, the Warder—a red-hot par tisan, professedly, of the Orange faction,—very gravely instructs his Majesty's Government how to dispose of the golden See of Derry in such a manner as would be most agreeable to the views of the high Tory party, which we fear might not be the most likely way in the world to raise the reputation of Lord Grey and his colleagues for discernment, or to silence the murmurs, both loud and deep, against the Church of Ireland, with regard to the adminis tration of its patronage, and to the unequal and un wise distribution of its property. The editor of she Irish Newspaper, or his patron, alter a make-believe recommendation of Dr. Ponsonby, Bishop of Kil laloe, Lord Grey's brother-in-law, and according to public report a mild, charitable, and exemplary Pre late, lets out the real purpose of his heart, which is, to obtain the step for the Bishop of Ferris, the well known Dr. Elrington, of controversial arid un readable memory. Now, without having a wor d to say against the domesti c character of Dr. Elriegton, wino, we understand, has always proved himself most laudably anxi ous to pro vide for and push forward Iris sons, it strikes us, that, wcl considering the sort o f p lace w h i c h tha t Learned Pre latet the has hitherto fille d as a p olitical church man, — the Learned Lord has so freq uentl y exhibited in defence of worldly-coloured aspect o f the chain i o nshi p ecclesiastical e t s e t r e n d p temporalities, —the on r a l s i t 'teha es, c th t elang language, to hi which offensive, because a seemingly, though of course not redly, uncharitable proneness, in speaking of 4 sect of Christians who hold different tenets from those of the Church of England, and the odium plusqua m theol%ncuntw here with his Lordship appears to regard certain Mem ' begs of that erroneous arid unendowed belief,—con siderieg, we say, all these divers matter, and th e consequent estimation wherein D. Elrington has for some years past been held by the sober-minded, dispassionate, and temperate portion of the Irish people, both Protestant rind Catholic, we regret to say that it is quite out of our power i to co-operate with the writer of the Orange article n trestle,. r towards promoting the views of Dr. Elrington upon the enormously—nay, outrageously—lucrative see of Derry. Nor can we in conscience pledge -our selves to join the writer of the article in proposing a second Dr. Elrington, even though he be a son of the aforesaid pag,nacious Bishop, to fill the see which would be left vacant in case of the latter personage's promotion to that of Derry. Th e second Dr. Drington is, it appears, no less than Regius Professor of Divinity in the Uni versity of Dublin. lie is, doubtless, a worthy scion of the eld,r stock, and therefore, as some pious though squeamish people have declared themselves in a trifling degree. scandalized at the simultaneous enjoyment of several sees by members of another Irish family, prolific of candidates for the rood things of church and state, we do not much like the notion of turning this Regius Professor. Elrington into a second Elrington Bishop. .We fear the itch for temporality might descend, like what old Lord Kenyon, in his dog Latin, would have called the " Regiutn malum," from Elrington to Ellington, and anxious for the redemption of that learned house, we would keep the Begins Professor to his divinity, as a safeguard against temporal seductions. But there are further and more far-sighted consi derations attached to this Bishopric of Derry. There are no less than four Archbishops in Ireland, and 18 Bishops. Iu England and Wales there are two Aichbishoprics, and 24 Bishops. Thus there is a very trifling difference in what may be termed the ecclesiastical staff of the two countries, while the rank and file of Protestants (not to speak irreve rently) in each, display, as against Ireland, a curious and deplorable disparity. The Protestants of the Established Church in England and Wales are little short, if any thing, of 9,000,000, as is asserted. The Protestants of the Irish Esta blished Church are between .500,000 and 600,000, if so much. Thus an English pre late has the average superintendence of near 380,000 souls, while the Irish Bishop has about 25,000; verily this looks like what is called, in the army, a " skeleton regiment," where the officers are very far ourof proportion to the troops. Now in the army one of two thirsts happens—either a con siderable number of the officers are sent on the re cruiting service, and if they succeed, well and good —the corps becomes efficient : if no men are to be had, and the officers are consequently left without duty enough to indemnify the nation for their pay, they are sent about their business. We are deci dedly of opinion that there are in Ireland too many Bishops for the amount of diocesan duty; and what collateral benefit has arisen from the leisure which every Irish Prelate must enjoy, as compared with those of England ? To what great use of religious or learned edification have they ever turned their freedom from official toil, during the last 100 years ? A lot mer Primate, who died some 30 years ago, — we mean Archbishop Newcombe,--,has left behind him a name for piety and well-directed study; his successor, Dr. Stuart, left behind him—upwards of 200,0001. The present Primate, Lord J. Beresford, is a nobleman of distinguished spirit and integrity, and on one occasion, that of the Catholic Bill, he proved himself capable of an agreeable fluency in address ing a legislative assembly, but nothing more. Neither his Grace, nor any Irish Prelate of this or three preceding generations, has done any thing worthy of record towards redeeming their bench from the stigma of inertness in the prosecution of those high works by which Taylor and Usher, men of a d.f fereat time, had rendered the rank of Irish Bishop illustrious, and their own fame immortal. The re venue of the see of Derry does not fall short of 14,0001. per annum ! Is that, we ask, such an in come as ought to be allotted to a Christian Bishop any where,—above all, to a member of the Irish Church? It is not, then, merely to the promotion of Dr. Elrington we object, but to the appointment of any clergyman whatsoever to the Bishopric of Derry in its actual state of overgrown and disgust ing emolument. Three thousand pounds per annum is sufficient for any Bishop in Ireland. Let the Archbishops, if you will, have 5,0001. or 6,000/ ; but we do trust that if it be not done by the Mi nistry, some Member of the Opposition will divide the House on an act for sequestrating 10,0001. per annum of that see, to be employed as may seem most-fittiag to the Legislature. The safety of She Church itself requires the adaptation of its revenues to the general sense of what is right, and to the wants and condition of society.—Times. A great deal of what appears to us very unne cessary complaint on tire one hand, and groundles s exultation on the other, continues to be displayed respecting the division on the proposal to transfer the borough of Saltash from schedule A to schedule B. Many of the Ministerialists, and other friends of the Reform Bill, express regret or contempt that Lord Althorp should be, as they describe, panic struck and give way before the Opposition, when he ought to have known that there was no real danger. The Anti-Reformers loudly proclaim victory, and take no small credit to themselves for the skill with which they allege they broke the Ministerial line, cutting off some of the principal men-of-war, and damaging the rest. The plain, facts of the case as they are now known, will we think, convince the friends of the 1331 that the concession is at least not to be ascribed to Lord Al thorp's dread of his opponents, and will in a propor tionate degree cool the ardour of triumph which the supposed conquerors have somewhat too precipitately expressed. We believe we may state, without fear of contradiction, that Lord Althorp, Mr. Stanley, and Lord John Russell had, on the morning previ ous to the debate, received certain deputies from Saltash ; and after a close examination of the evi dence laid before them, were satisfied that the bo rough did not come within that rule of population which would subject it to total disfranchisement. They had given, we hear, an intimation to that effect to the deputies from Saltash, and, certainly, to th e Cabinet. 'Whether they took the most desirable mode of ascertaining the facts which influenced their decision and that of the Cabinet, may be a question : but it can be no question that, as the responsible conductors of the Bill, they did not in this proceed ing go beyond the limits of their competency : no less certain is it, that a resolution (whether right or wrong is not the point) adopted before the debate, cannot, in any system of logic, be considered a con sequence, or effect, of that debate.—Times. The Committee succeeded last night in getting . past Great Grimsby, having, after much wrangling and jangling, and frequent divisions, disposed of six boroughs. There is not one disinterested man, of ordinary understanding, throughout the country who will not readily subscribe to an observation which fell last night from Lord John Russell, " that the object of the Hon. and Learned Gentleman (Sir C. Wetherell)—he might have said of nearly all the Opposition Members—was to impede the progress of the Bill by all the cavis and quibbles which oc curred to him, In that object, however, be did not think that the Hon, and Learned Gentleman would be successful. The country would clearly see through the artifice, and perceive that it was merely an at tempt to gain time by endeavouring to make dis' tinctions where there were none - in common sense. The country would do justice to the motives of those who pursued such a line of conduct, and would not fail loudly to condemn them."—( Hear.) The country can be at no loss with respect to the motives of thegentry in question. Sir Charles Wetherell says he " is one of those who are doing their otr4mst to maintain the conservative principles of the British Constitution against the desperate attacks which nre making upon them by democracy and jacobinism."—(Hear, hear.) It is democracy and jacobinism to secure yoursOf against plundq, by excluding those from vo;ilig taxes who ara not accountable to you for their conduct. By the British Constitution, Sir Charles means boroughmongering ; and the conservative principle is the preservation qf borouglanongers. Whoever names the representatives controuls the disposal of money. The people wish the controul of the dis 7 rosali and the boroughmongers, for obvious reasons, (Jo not wish to part with this confront. 0 yes, we do justice to their motives. But we must do more. The public would be 4 very simple public iutieed if it contented itself with merely understanding the motives and designs of these gentry. One of the most amusing exhibitions of the evening was the lolly moral tone assumed by Mr. Knight, who, if we are to take his own word for it, is quite a Cato. H e quails only before the immortal Gods. We have heard something of this Mr. Knight, and the accident which made him turn his voice against Reform. We do not mean to say that he has veered about as frequently as the Lord Chief Baron ; but merely that he is not a Cato, and that it was almost a toss up whether he would commence his Parliamentary career by express. ing loud detestation of the Ministry or loud detesta tion of the Opposition. However, the Opposition were first in the field, and obtained the favours of the Honourable and Learned Gentleman. There is a well-known fable of the Ass braying under the Lion's ;kin so admirably as to extort a confession from the Lion, that even he would have been afraid, had he not known that the sound proceeded from an Ass. The lofty declarations of the Hon. and Learned Gentleman might have produced an effect where his value was not so well understood as it is here. We do not mean to say that we know the exact price paid for this Cato ; nor do we mean to say that the Opposition have a bad bargain of him. When he attains to a lit le more temper, he will be a valuable auxiliary to Sir Charles Wetherell. But we should be sorry any very energetic attempt were made to conqu t r his disgust - to the Ministry. We fear, if hard pressed, he might succumb ; and we bad rather see hint boasting of his conscience, and continuing to express detestation of the Ministry.—Morning Chronicle. A paragraph in another column announces that a deputation of the Livery of London waited yester day on the Lord Mayor with a requisition for a meeting of the Livery on the subject of the extra ordinary delay in the progress of the Reform Bill. His Lordship at once acceded to the wishes of the requisitionists; but as the opening of the new Lon don-bridge fixed for Monday, the Common-hall cannot be held before Tuesday. The various Po litical Unions throughout the country view with ap ft-rebel's?* not inferior to that of the citizens of London, the state of things in Parliament, and meetings will be universally held. Delay is the great object of the boroughtmongers ; on delay they build all their hopes. It has been determined in their divans to strain every nerve to prevent the passing of the Bill before the coronation. Should they succeed in keeping the subject open down to the prorogation, which will precede tle coronation, they will then have gained their object. The whole that has taken place, they say, will have been thrown away, and when Parliament re-as sembles every thing will have to be commenced anew. This is the talk of the knowing ones of the Opposition. It is clear that the Opposition are de termined per fns et nefas, to prevent the passing of the Reform Bill. We wish the country not to be deceived with respect to the Bill. Nothing short of such a demonstration of resolution on the part of the people as cannot b e m i sta k en w ill ensure the object which they have at heart. The borough mongers, in the outset, said they would die in their last ditch rather than yield up their ascendancy. Hitherto there has been no sign of their giving way. They are not to be coaxed out of so vain able a privilege as that of plundering at discretion so rich a nation as this. Indeed, we believe there has hitherto been no example of a body of men voluntarily relinquishing uncontrouled power. Morning Chronicle. We would earnestly caution Government against the injustice and the danger of any longer post poning the important question of making some per manent provision for employing and maintaining the poor of Ireland. We are not at all unconscious of the laborious and harassing duties which the Mem bers of the Administration have to perform at this moment connected with the all-absorbing question of Reform—rendered doubly harassing as it is by the factious spirit with which they are opposed;' but, making every allowance for this, we can see no adequate. reason for postponing a subject which presses with such increasing melancholy earnest ness both upon England as well as Ireland. Next to the commiseration which is due to the Irish labourer, driven as he is from his own country to - seek a precarious subsistence in another, is the sense which we ought to feel for the English labourer, who is impoverished in his own market by the overwhelming hordes of these blameless and unavoidable intruders. The pre-sure Upon English poor -rates, too, upon this account is incalculable; for not only are they expanded to a large amount in the metropolis and other large places in the actual relief and removal of the Irish poor themselves,but in every town and village, both in England and Scotland,.are.the native population rendered doubly burdensome, by being deprived of their natural means of subsistence by the cruse we allude' to. Government, we trust, is-not unaware that this last topic is at this very moment a source of the most serious .heart-burnings among the Eng lish husbandry labourers in many parts of the kingdom, but especially in the counties which were last year the scene of the melancholy tragedies which we all then witnessed. But these, though English reasons, and those therefore which press most earnestly upon ourselves, for urging an imme diate remedy for the evil, are as nething to those which present themselves in Ireland itself. Here we see starvation in the midst of plenty, end the bitterest train of evils visiting nine-tenths of a population occupying one of the most fertile portions of the earth. Much then as we value this question of Reform—much, too, 45 we deprecate all delay on a subject on which the minds of the whole public of onf results,‘ vh both the whole empire are so ardently bent, yet we look u o r t t h he i r n pEosntgploannedmae and postponement mayl labnece p, upon the state of Ireland as second only to it in im rod portance, and u c t one i v e o Ireland, which we scarcely dare to contemplate. o We cannot quit the subject without remarking that there seems to be a disposition on the part of the Government to imagine, that discussing the subject will be s ufficient—that a day shall be set apart for its discussion. This is only a sample of one of the errors of this talking age, in which every thing is discussed and nothing dune. What is wanted is a practical measure emanating from Government—not - a mere Indian " talk." Commend us to the States man who can act as well as talk ; and who does not think thauthe affairs of a great nation like this can 'be carried on through the medium of a war of words. —Morning Herald. An Evening Ministerial Contemporary, which, h o wever wrong in the end, is generally acute in the c onduct -of its argument, exhibits an unusual and ver y palpable obtuseness of und@rstanding in its re marks upon an article which appeared in our Journal yesterday. First, our Contemporary is pleased to a ssume that the object of our article was to corn, pliment the Radicals, and to draw them into the Tory decoy," an assumption for which there is nu ground ‘shatever in what we wrote, Again, it is said triumphantly how can the Whigs whom we al lege to be precipitating the country into a revolu tion, w;sh to delude the Radicals, whom all the world charges with being favourable to revolution ? Can our Contemporary really think that this position involves any contradiction ? The liadie4s cio Not disguise that they look fc.r clu.iwes such as every one the; isel4s would c,711 revolution 'Whigs we do not believe to be really desirous of such changes; but we maintain that in the desperation of party spirit they are doinj w4at in spite ; tuoftul iiind hems t e l l;s th ‘ e v i ill de tl a l l tiP tv A e Z a e c l h y er p o r ti o s d i tt y ce re volution lladroals, inasmuch as they pr e t e nd t o be wi f t o i r i them and for the people, while in truth they are only for their party, for'power, and for place. This is the treachery and selfish despotism of whiel; spoke. In the eagerness to have svay, whkb no party exercised sgith domineering tyranny as the tik higs--in the appetite for the emoluments of office, which-th e y can only hold while the peope'c reason is blinded by excitement—they try to cajole the Radicals and obtain their assistarye, though they hate them as ranch as men can hate any thing which they also despise, We have no wish whtiteyec tP flatter or " decoy" the Radical party. We third they are zealous in a bad cause, but honestly zealou The zeal of Whigs we do not believe to be attendee by any such palltative.—Morning Post. ' The business of the House of Commons las night partook of the same lin,zering:, delaying, and unexplainably slow progress, of which we—nearly the whole press of the kingdom--assuredly ninety nine parts of the people, have been complaini4 during the last fortnight. A good deal of warm and patriotic feeling was, however, evince] by M•. Stanley in his reply to the attacks, the frantic at tacks we should say, of Sir Charles Wetherell ; and we augur from this circumstance somewhat more energetic conduct on the part of his Majesty's Ministers, as well as somewhat more submission or, the part of the Opposition. In the meantime we are now more concerned than ever that the country must again rouse itself before the Bill be carried There is " death in the pot,"—there are intrigues going on in high quarters to deprive the people of England of their just rights and privileges; and there are strong expectations among the aristocracy that they will be able by delay, to weary out the patience of the people of England, and turn, by their factious op position, those affections against the Bill which have hitherto been rivetted towards it. Up, therefore, men of England, and prove that you are not to be conquered by such base artifices. Cities, towns, and hamlets, rouse yourselves. There never was more need for the display of your zeal in favour of the Bill than now ; and if it does fail in passing both Houses of Parliament, on you, and you only, will rest the blame I The city is prepar;ng to me morialize Parliament on the subject—the surround ing districts will follow—numerous cities and towns in the country are also on the alert; but the ques tion is one which regards all, and we call on all to do the duty which England expects from them.— Morning Advertiser. Active preparations are being made for the erection of a statue to the memory .of the Right Hon. N. PITT, within the area of St. George's, Hanover-squire. We learn that it is the intention of Govern ment immediately to re-organ;se the whole yeomanry ca valry of Scotland.— Glasgow courier. A Russian Nobleman, arrived at the quaran tine establishment of Brody, in Gallicia, announces that at Bi Ala Cerkiew, in the Ukraine, the Countess BRANIZKI has induced a numerous detachment of recruits to declare themselves for the cause of the Poles. We are sorry to learn that Mr. Justice PARK is labouring under a rather severe attack of tic doloureux. Sir M. TIERNEY is in daily communication with Prince LIEVEN, the Russian Ambassador, and also the Baron BuLow, the Prussian Ambassador, relative to the dreadful pestilence now ravaging so large a portion of Europe. The issue of a considerable Brevet commission, at the ensuing coronation, is now under consideration at the Horse Guards. THE GARRICK CORRESPONDENCE.--The long-announced " Private Correspondence of DAVID GAR RICK," with the most celebrated persqus of his time, is at length on the eve of publication. The work is printed from the originals lately in possession of the executors o I Mrs. GARRICK, and will comprise upwards of two thou sand lett-rs from persons of the greatest eminence in the political, literary, and dramatic woad. mous Doc UMENT.—Ministers have at this moment in their possession a list of 1,500 indivi duals, in or near London, whose private fortunes would pay off the national debt. Of course the list is only in. teresting, or of value, as indicating the mass of wealth in the country, as one could not have imagined at first sight that the private fortunes of any 1,500 individuals in the empire could be to such an extent.—Morning Paper. CHELTENHAM, JULY 26.—Nothing has been talked of here for the last few days but Pacanisres defeat on Thursday evening, and his subsequent midnight retreat. Now that the facts of the case have fully trans pired, it appears that he had agreed to perform at the theatre for two-thirds of the receipts, but finding that the house was not half full, in consequence of the prices being doubled, and the ball at the rotunda, he refused to play unless he received 200 guineas befotehand. To this pro position the manager refused to accede, and having in formed his audience thereof, the upshot of the event was as stated in our last, that if Signor was so alarmed at the tumultuous assembly which surrounded his hotel, that he was fain to perform against his will, and that, too, at play house prices. He, himself, however, received .nothing, the receipts of the house being very little mere than would defray its regular expences. We believe this is the only instance as yet upon record of Pacanines playing to empty benches, and himself unpaid. But this little ad venture may perhaps teach him that our countrymen are not to be played with, however much they like to be played to. Astley's Amphitheatre was illuminated last night in a sp:endid manner, to celebrate the success of 2Wazeppa, which has been played with increasing attrac tion one hundred nights. The portico and front of the house appeared Covered with lamps. .2Plazeppa, in large characters, and " One Hundred Nights," were the pro minent objects. Bishop THOMAS was a man of honour and drollery. At a visitation he gave his clergy an account of his being married four tithes; " and," says he, cheerfully, "should my present wife die, I will take another; and it is my opinion I shall survive her. Perhaps you don't know the art of getting quit of your wives. I'll tell you how I do. lam called a very good husband ; and so I am, for I never contradict them. But don't you know that the want of contradiction is fatal to women ? If you contra dict them, that circumstance alone is exercise and health, et optima medicamenta, to all women. But give them their own way, and they will languish and pine, and be come gross and lethargic for want of this exercise,' The city of Benares has now become so holy that several Hindoo Rajahs have habitations there, in which their Ambassadors reside, and perform for them the re quisite sacrifices and ablutions. The land is said to extremely valuable, and liw-suits respecting it most fre quent. The number of stone and brick houses from one to six stories high is upwards of w,aoa; the mud houses upwards of IG,OOO. The permanent inhabitants are up wards of 5%000, betake the attend ants of the dant Princes arid several other foreigners, who amount to nearly 3,000. The concourse during some of the festi,v4la is be.. yoad all calculation. The Mahornetans ave not one in ten. . • - ---• EXTRAORDINARY Pflifle-.--011 Thursday af ternoon a highly respectable gentleman of this town, an ardent disciple of ISAAC WALTON, succeeded in bringing to shore, in a neighbouring pool, a pike, weighing 94Ibs. and upwards of a yard and a quarter in letlgtk. It is re ma!kable that the pool, not snore that tw acres in extent, was drawn off about seven yeaia ago, and particular care taken that not one, pii.e should remain uncaught.-13i;- ming/sar,; STURGEON.-A sturgeon, Weighing 20st., and measuring nine feet in length, was caught on the evening of Friday last, at Dernock, near Annu►. The following day it was brought to Dumfries, cut up, and sold at 4.d. per lb. The said sturgeon, according to the ci,her►nen, 4 is the finest fish of the kind that ever was caught on the Sottish side of the border; and its flesh, when retailed at the rate above specified, would put neatly ,I, into the fortunate captors' pockets.—Scotatnan. IRISH ADMIRALTY COURT. —M amount has been ordered " of the names and dc.sc4 - iption of causes which have been tried and ad;ttesicated in the Court of Ad miralty of Irele . n 4 44,ce the lit day o f A ugus t l as t p as t, togcti2?; with the names and number of effuses which re. iaaiti entered for trial in that Court, on which no d,o.c-i -sion has been pronounced ; and also, a retwa of the number of days in each month, e.i.c,ce shut period, in which that Court has sat fo - 4 , Elevate!' of business."—. Dublin 2110rniv Alegiaer. 0 i, ,:),v.2tr T ee le ti,sd bri n g ing y morning a police him three e e d constable ar e p t m l et y i n D. a , dying state from starvation, and stated, that tythewas on duty in D rury-court he beard a loud nois; as of dogs howling, in a cellar occupied by the qc,a or' a man who, the constable stated, was conTic.-..tqd or Stealing dogs and skinning them some rim;), since at this office. Suspecting th4t tilt: same practice WAS going on in the house again, he knocked at the door, and insisted upon gging, into the cellar, where he frond the three dogs chained. Two of therm were so weak from starvo,tiora that they could scarcely stand. The third Luz . pc;,: - .4 recently taken. Mr. BURNABT, the clerk, said it was the wretch's custom who owned the cellar to chain the dogs up until they ic4 from hunger, and then to skin them. Mr. F4;44 ordeied the constable to destroy the tw.. clogs that were in such a dreadful et tte, and to enleavour find an owner for the other, herto it 100 l Ilant Friend, e Committee and decided If borough& several sinless ittering from rds in' favour of spoliation iinate in the is way from )f us making, ::11 have been ithout IN I am sure titution of no t the borough legion on the le Opposition 'ER proposed ning as fir as f any geatle irther, he r er- He thought, e one or two .!ted, and that ;Tess, and aft djourn.") adjournment. )pose the ad" that the gen" ition to delay he must O r me career that ie should glee .(Hear, hear.) .sty's Cover a beaten every if they allowed to make 104 been advanced the borough , not expect to re.) He wit , disposition to lovernment.- --. see more of y clatneur.--h e )pposite—(th e benches)—to t aituency. K e own, the right tell Ministers lered as purtief y complaining , lukewarm ad' lifferent s yston .y had hitherto fAirness to the conducted WM' demeanour t° n all other o . ‘" proceed furth er break throte :itly agreed t°' I who wishes t ° y, relying !h til , would he GO the violence °I smber for Wt: r ; timed to erne , (Cheers.) le suggestion e )uld have pr` ford bad it o° from the 1 1 ° °; t Hon. Dlern. e ; uer for alloWt"e speech of n'o r o f he argumen t, ) Was that rr discussion 1. and Callan: allusion whicP, Members und er not intended to Hear.? cm. and Learn ther I did 1 . (4 1 protest ogl e , / me or any ot eneral, I did; I ? om I did mean t n. and Ga lls l and his cria"4 d the Hon. ( t i t ' The Hon. P. at the coun t y " down the it i t i ; • were preps . ' it that had li ee p i t Member sh nu ,, would not lie oecially wlkils t isterial Benche' 1 J in that be sit.°; l o de, divide. ° bellp ione, we .0 he C nA xcEt• l ', ittee, and ree°o f the Commi ttee' progress, ant disposed of, te morning• !eting o. c e gaol took' P the purp oe , o ,l WALTER ng 3 :140 to stab, awl 41 ,.1 or to be bc° u° ,l t rans action 1° ,,, rates, aft,r 8 1 1 circumstanc e° ,o those i n dulge l id II instead of °e V in each day' to lily be alloce'd o f yards inbt ea od :ts he be t re , ifined in the C' 6th installocof team -packe t, t iof !jug the int e l , end abruP t ' t orf its own vel' in , of that Pl ea foll # ken up 0° 1 : 1 ;1 14 a to Cadif , o J 6 0 tied there , tli ° r Di articipatio6 )m its free d : l .o / perhaps ' o ce e ° d their relig ° igif' ,f Spanish 7,11 first tittle/ o n, tame, how e n frrevoi a m atter 01 0, lent of its , easure lying the 1 " rt i have ju' t 6 jec: o l ment, it the reverFe" f° f i‘ i act t he 0 , iosition r. 00.. " been '," ii e lor e of Sear to ,ber,o iv of tu 5 olio ! rig an rad ' ° lit .° rite, i ueareto 700, c ie is a ' l f' further tistle : v oi.tpoo eu id, to i‘la dr JO" is ,!t elat ed A 411..6 htfore 97" 00,0, ad'z by i t ' 0 0 1 ,bove Wa9 pre 4 h of found ta , i , g .- b . a i„ the THETFORD WOOL PAIR. (From the County Chronicle.) Thi; Ann., d opening of the wool trdoe took pl ice ,r 1 Friday a , the Bull lon, and at three o'clack ,an., about 120 persons (including s rare of rt. e qincipal wool-growers) sat down to dirtre , T. W. .:OKE, Esq., in the chair. After the cloth was r ( - noved the 'venerable Chairman CoMplinter.ted th e vool-growers of Suffolk on their agenda , ce, and minted out to the meeting the advantages he had •eceived by crossing the Norfolk breed with the Southdown and Leicester, and more particularly lately by a cross with the Hampshire Down. He was aware that many reflections had been cast u er . n 'tiro for putting the Hampshire rams to the best ewes ,1 his 11 ck, hut he had reaped the benefit of it ; for 1-1 owe had this year paid him the compliment If saying that his sheep contained the most meat. of my he ever killed in his life, and Mr. wood al this year told him that his was the best vool that came into the county of York. ['his was the consequence of doing away pre 'lace. At a former meeting in this room lie 'relieved it was the opinion of the company that I,e would injure his flock. He was satisfied that more attention had been recently paid to the breed ,of 'beep in Suffolk, for though he had hut little ac quaintance now in that county, yet in passing througlt it lately he found that a grower near Bury had sr.- lecied the best ram he ever reared in his life, and had moreover had the good judgment to put him in a cart, and take him away at once. He understood hat that gentleman bred good sheep, and he hoped he extension of the half Hampshire cross into Suffolk would be a benefit to the county. On the health of the venerable Chairman being given, he returned his cordial acknowledgments; and in allusion to an observation by Mr. Salmon, that " he thought the sellers ought to come forward and offer their wool, but they . appeared not to have . agreed upon the price" said, he was sure this far had been attended .with advantages to the wool- grower, for though he (Mr. Coke) was sometimes the. only . person who_ --sold in-she room, he believed that many slipped out of the door with Mr. Fison and obtained a be , tt;r price ms account of it. He now appealed to Mr. Fison whether it was not true that the manufacturers . were fully employed, though not in a highly flou rishing state, and that wool was rather scarce and rt,ing in price than otherwise. He wished to sell his wool to encourage the fair; or he firmly be. lieved that, if he held it, he might obtain a better price; but speculation was not his object. He be lieved that ewe wool had advanced since last year 10a. a tod, and that hogget had rather declined.— (Mr. Fison appeared to assent.) He believed that his wool was increased both in length and strength of staple, and if the general value of ewe wool was 305., and that of hogget 365., consi dering that he had 10 or 15 tods more of hogget than of ewe wool, and the attention he had paid to his flock, which he would undertake to say was more level than any flock in the county, he thought his wool was worth 2s. or 3s. a tod above those prices. lie therefore offered his whole clip, ewe and svether, to Mr. Weller at 365. Mr. Waller said Mr. Coke's wool consisted of about 140 toils of hog wool and 120 of ewe, and he never saw it in a better state : he thought it much improved by the Hampshire cross, and he de fied any one who kept the pure Downs to produce what Mr. Coke had done. There was scarcely a demand for fine yarns, in the market, but where the wool was long enough to comb, there might be demand by and by. He had estimated Mr. Coke's wool at 325. and 395., which was rather less than he had asked ; but the difference was so small that he would take it at 365. He had not hitherto given more than 375. for Down hogget, but he was pre pared to give several shillings more for the Hamp shire cross. Mr. MUSKETT said he thought the worthy Presi dent had been more favourable to the buyers than to the growers in the price at which he had sold. his wool. He could not offer the Duke of Norfolk's wool at the same price. There were 800 ewe, 300 fat sheep, and 600 hogget fleeces which be now offered to Mr. Fison, the ewe and fat sheep's wool at 355., and the hogget at 40s. Mr. FISON said, he had too much respect for the returned thenof thanks, h Ina offered ri. hk: and said he wa s g l a d to Bradley d e t y chairma n to ta k e i t at that price ; but he would look at it, an d treat w i th Mr. Muskett if he could. lViMusketsr. health to o being e given, Mr. lieadi who tl:t gentleman declined it. On the see some briskness i n b us i ness, and hoped to do something worth comi ng for. He hoped p r i ces would be moderate; f o r th oug h 6d. a - pound was too little, 13d. or 14d. m i g h t b e too muc h . He believed that 325. wa s more t h an cou ld b e generally afforded for ew e woo l, though - Mr. Cok e 's, f r o m hi s peculiar manageme n t, m i g h t b e wort h i t . Thu only other wool so ld was t h at o f M r . P a l mer, of Herringsvvell, 1-sth ho gge t, crosse d w i t h Leices ter, at 325. There appeared more anxiety amongst the buyers than amongst the growers, who evidently kept aloof in expectation of higher prices for hogget woo), which is not just now in demand, but will probably be worth more in a short time. BEAUTIES OF THE COURT OF CHARLES —The publio will learn with pleasure that this intere.•tiug work, of which two numbers only have appeared, and the publication of which has so long been suspended by the delays of the engravers, is now neatly completed. The third number will be issued in a few days, and the remain ing two, we understand, may be expected in the course of the two following months. ELOPEMENT.—(From a Correspondent.)--- An elopement took place on Wednesday evening, at W -- -----d• Easex, under these circumstances : —lt ap pears that Miss E ' *, a beautiful girl, the only daughter of a rich farmer of that parish, had long encouraged the addresses of a Mr. B * *, a respectable farmer living at Hall ; the lady's father did not much approve of the acquaintance, in the prospect of a higher connection for his daughter in the person of a clergyman, who had lately paid hsr attention; in consequence of this, Mr. B. thought it best to secure the lady before it urn; too late, and accordingly suggested an excursion to Gretna, to which she assented. Miss E. was invited to tea at the house of a friend that evening, and a servant with a gig, was sent to take her home at rather a late hour ; instead, however, of returning home, she directed the servant to drive to Bereyholt Heath, where the gallant Lotharia was waiting for her with his gig ; the young lady's resolution for a moment was shaken on coming up with her lover ; to wham she said, " Shall 1, or shall I not?' His reply was by quickly banding her into the gig, with which he drove off at a rapid rate; the servant returned home with the gig, when information was immediately forwarded to " papa," who was then at Chelmsford. Before, however, any steps could be taken to stay their progress, they were beyond the reach of pursuit. It is supposed they arei gone to Scotland ; but no tidings have yet been received'. -Bury Herald. EXECUTION OF FLACK THE MURDERER, AT IPaIVICH ON MONDAY.-The execution of FLACK, Who pleaded guilty on Saturday last, at the Bury Suffolk Assizes, to the indictment charging hint wi►h the murder of Mr. EDWARD OSBORNE, tide-surveyor of the port of Ipswich, took place this morning over the turnkey's lodge, in front of the county goal, FLACK, from the time of his com mittal, appeared to be very depressed in his spirits, and showed forth a disposition diametrically averse, to that wicked bravery and murderous audacity which so distin guished him when arrested. He frequently expressed great anxiety as to the situation of his victim in another world, although very ignorant on any point connected with, religion. He was attended by one or two clergymen of the Establishment and a minister of the Wesleyan Metbo ilist profession, whose endeavours were numerous, and twhexk exertions were great, to bring him to a correct, knowledge of his situation. On Thursday o fa n s s t (ce cotton, quested a t s h an a alewwfullit,vu:rmniinggh,t, to oes associates published after in d his axe- . et x r e ne-s, and the man of revengeful spirit ; d attributing e morair i ootorni,sion of his ereadful crime f to xe t c h n e en he ascended habits and feelings. At the step;ttionhtevtpubselatoptfirorr:ntwbeceitoelfixaaenzeiritotni)nbelitirenoogkp p ace r am c y o b : naedgeaot of pers ons twelve,;i