The Sun. — London, England, 1861-06-07 00:00:00

.............. derstood nding so was not It had I or the A basin vantages lis bill• iplained 1 should ten who it ample 13, after any t tty ses nr alder lth and tions 33 thorised 3 of the d other 3 clause Schools. )f good, o make ip some that if rily, he e clause on the xad too clause he bill. Jer age ) check to be ,tes, he arefully ort pro- 3sumed. BILL. fill was relaml) I doing. a price. x sack, ;cartel) , onward porn Gd ' wheat English Id firm, Beans and no 1 white to., 63s ; Rus -43s per s; and :—Red ley 153 down. up. up. up. cellent rained. former .8 were to 7d to bid stone. RAND FANCY BAZAAR. - FRENCH NA EMBASSY, Albert Gate House, TO-MORROW, at half past Two.—Under the Immediate Patronage of Her Majesty the Empress of the French.—The Sale of Objects will be con tinued To-morrow (Saturday), when also a Tambola will be held for the distribution of the Imperial presents and other Most costly articles.—Doors open at half-past Two o'clock.— Admission, is. INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1862.—At hia Preliminary Meeting of i n t en di ng Metropolitan Ex bitors, held at the Mansion H ouse, on Tuesday, the 2• 2 th ult., on the invitation of th e Ri g ht H on. the LORD 'MAYOR, Who presided, the following Resolutions were submitted and agreed to nem. con. :- Ist. Proposed by Sir Thomas Maryon Wilson, Batt., seconded by Mr. prom o t e essrs. Hunt and Roskell, That in order to a full representation in the Inter national Exhibition of the present state of the numerous Metropolitan Industries, which are detailed in the list pub- Mlished by her Staiesty's Commissioners, to allot space among etropolitan Exhibitors, and generally to advise her. Ma jesty's Commissioner. it is expedient that intending Exhi bitors should form themselves into Trade Committees for each of the classes and sob-classes of the Exhibition not al ready assigned to any National Committee 2d. Proposed by Mr. P. Graham, seconded by Mr. , That to facilitate business, each Thornthwaite Trade Committee elect a Sub - committee of Management, to consist of three persons. 3d. Proposed by Mr Crane, seconded by Mr. Huber, =That the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor be requested to allow a general meeting of the Ex ibitora to be held at the Mansion House when convenient to his Lordship, and that the Society of Arts be requested to allow the use of the Great Room in the Adelphi for the meeting of the Trade Committees. 4th. Proposed by Mr. De la Rue, seconded by Mr. Vignoles, That the best thank; of th s Meeting be aiven toThe Right Hon. the Lord Mayor for the use of the Mansion House on this occasion, and for the ability with which he has presided; and to Mr. Cole for the valuable advice he has rendered to this meeting. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. -CHEAP EXCURSION to ROSS and HEREFORD. —On SATURDAY, the Bth of Jane, an Excursion Train will leave Paddington at 3.30 p.m., and Reading at 4.35 p.m., for Ciren cester and Stroud (Fares, 12s. and 69.), Gloucester and Chel tenham (14s. and 75.), Rosa and Hereford (16s. and 8s.); re turning on Monday, June 10, from Hereford at 5 p.m. SCINDE RAILWAY • COMPANY.INDUS STEAM FLOTILLA. The Directors are prepared to receive applications for DE BENTURES at par, in sums of not les- than £lOO, for the Unappropriated portion of the £63,0.`0 Debbntures about to be issued for the purposes of the Indus Steam Flotilla, bearing interest at 5 per cent. for five years, renewable for a second period of five years, and payable by coupon at the Banking house of Messrs. Smith, Payne, and. Smiths, No. 1, Lombard !Street. The bonds will be dated on the Ist of May, 1881, and will bear interest at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum from that date on all monies paid on or before the 10th June, 1861. The payment of the p r i nc ip a l an d i nterest is anarantse,lby the Seeretary of state-fm-India in Council, as will appear on the face of the Bonds. The Debentures are convertible into Indus Steam Flotilla Stock at par, at the option of the holder. Forms of application may be obtained at the offices .of the Company. _ - By order of the Board, THOMAS BURNELL, Sec. • Scinde Rail( *bees, Gresham-house, Old Bruadtstreet, May 25, 1861. GOVERNMENT SECURITY LIFE POLICIES. THE CONSOLS ASSOCIATION, 1. 429, STRAND, LONDON'. Provides the Security of Consols for its Policies. 2. It lends, or returns to Insurers Ox DEMAND at any time, about One-half of all Premiums Paid. Undoubted Security for Money with a liberal Rate of Inte rest. The A ssociation possesses a Large Capital, subscribed by several Hundreds of Shareholders. Full information may be obtained on ap •lication to THOMAS H. BAYLIS, Managing Director. RESTAURANT and CAFE DE L'EUROPE, anid 10, HAYMARKET, adjoining the Theatre Joints in succession, from four o'clock 28. Oct Soup and Joint 2s ed. Severn Salmon, or other Fish and Joint . . ....... 3s. ed. The Cafe Dinner of Soup, Fish En , rde, and Sweets 38. ed. A Hann& of Venison on Wednesdays. Suppers after the Theatres. MR. W. S. WOODIN'S NEW ENTERTAIN MENT. the CABINET of CURIOSITIES, POLY GRAPHIC HALL. King Wiliam-street, Charing-cros s, TO-NIGHT, and EVERY' EVENING (except Saturday), at Eight. Private boxes, £1 Is Stalls and box stalls, 3 s. ; area, 28. ; amphitheatre, i s . - A plan of the stalls may be seen, and seats secured (without extra charge), at the Box office, from 10 till 4 Morning Performance, Saturday, May 11. 1 6 4. RGYLL ROOMS. - GRAND MUSICAL ENTERTAINMENT, with the Celebrated BAND, Forty in number (established eleven years), chosen from the Philharmonic Concerts, Royal Italian Operas, and the Household Troops. Conducted by Mons. Lamotte. Cornet-a-piston, N. Boulcourt.—Dancing at Nine o'clock.—ls. admission. THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ROOMS, High Holborn. Open every evening at 8 o'clock.— This popular and magnificently apnointed Ball Room, de- Cidedly the most fashionable and best conducted entertain ment in he world. The very excellent band, under the able direction of Mr. Parker, is constantly introducing the choicest aild latest music of the day. The wines supplied are of the very choicest quality. The refreshment rooms are A d mis sio ni the extreme, and replete with every comfort. throughout, ls. (ILDRIDGE'S BALM OF COLUMBIA is the most certain remedy for restoring and strengthening the flair. By it whiskers and m,ustaches are produced and beautified. Ladies will find it especia ly valuable, as the Most delicate h ea d-dress or bonnet can be worn without fear V . B oiling- Sold in bottles, 38. 6d., 65., and Ils. C. and A. LDREDGE, 22, Wellington-street, Strand. RENRI'S PATENT HORSE and CATTLE FEED, Invented, 1854; Patented, 1855 ; has now been before the public for more than six years, and, owing to its success, there is now a host of imitations in the market, all or which are an many compliments to this, the Original and the only Patented Cattle Feed preparation. DAILY HORSE and CATTLE FEED, for seasoning the other food, and causing good digestion, 425. per cwt. MEDICATED, for restoring and conditioning horses and cattle, in boxes, 56 feeds, 125., sent carriage paid. Head Office, London-bridge, London; Manufactory, Hull DR. BRIGHT'S APHRODISION, The Phosphorised Nervine Tonic. A Newly-Discovered CHEMICAL COMBINATION of PHOSPHATIC SALTS, Quinine. Iron, &c., the most mar vellous and only remedy for Spermatorrhcea, Nervous and Generative Debility, Incapacity, meet, Stricture, and Prema ture Decline of Manly Power, caused in early life. Prices : ufs. per bottle, or four lls, bottles in one, 31s. ; and in cases containing three 335. bottles, 45, which saves £1 12s. fo rd-st N reetewbery, 45, St. P aul ' s Church-yard ; Hannay, 63, Ox . TGIVEN AWAY TO NE RVOUS SUFFERERS. lENRY SMITH. M.D., of the University of Jena, has ju s t published, for the benefit of Nervous Filiferers, a FREE EDITION of his valuable work, THE WARNING VOICE TO YOUNG MEN (120 pages). A medical work on the cure of Nervous Debility, Loss of IYremory, Dimness of Sight, Lassitude, Indigestion, Dislike I B° Llety, Spermatorrhcea, Local Weakness, Muscular Re laxation, Languor, Listlessness, Depression, elected, result in consumption, insanity, and premature death; with plain directions for perfect restoration to health &c., which, if And vigour. Th e b ook wi ll be sent, post free, secure from ob 6e rvation, to any address, on receipt of a directed envelope and two stamps. Address, HENRY SMITH, M.D., 8, Burton crescent, Tavistock-square, London, W.C. • THE VIGOU R OF YOUTH RESTORED IN -/- FOUR WEEKS by Dr. RTCORD'S ESSENCE OF LIFE. NO CONSULTATION NECKS RARY. This wonderful shattered constitution, whether arising from self-pollution, agent Will restore manhood to the most excesses, nocturnal emissions, the effects of climate, or natu ral causes The time required to cure the most inveterate case is Jour weeks ared, if used according to the printed in structions (which very This life-restorin& remedy bhould be taken by all about to simple), failure is impossible. niarry, as its effects'are permanent it is acknowledged by the medical press to be the greatest discovery ever made. Success in every case is as certain as that water quenches thirst Dr. Rilord's Essence of Life is sold in cases, with full in' structions for use, at its., or four quantities in one for 335., and may be sent to any pact of the world, carefully packed on receipt of remittance or stamps. Dr. Ricord's Sole Arent in London is Front, Patent Medi- Cille Warehouse, 229, Strand (five doors west of Temple-bar). (Entered at Stationers' Hall.) MEDICAL CONSULTATIONS. Dr. LA'MERT, Licentiat o the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh; Member of f the Royal College of Surgeons, England, L.R.S.A., &e., may be Confidentially CONSULTED on the Functional Derangements of the Nervous and Reproductive System, daily at his residence, 37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON. Dr. lA'Mert is the only qualified practitioner on the Medi cal itegistrr who, for 20 years, has exclusively devoted his attention to the treatment of those physical infirmities which militate against the happiness of Married Life, or prevent the contraction of engagements which constitute the most es ri hed objects of existence. _ iii.fa"Mert's Treatise on "Self-preservation," published by Ilan, bookseller, 39, Cornhil, price ls., post free for 13, or sealed, for 20 stamps, contains mw-h useful information regarding the moral, social, and physical obligations of mar riage, with simple and efficacious instructions for the resto ration of health, vigour, and all the dignified prerogatives of manhood, when lost or impaired by pernicious habits or excess. The work will be found totally free from those ex aggerated and alarming statements contained in the host of pretended medical publications by unqualified persons, pro fessing to treat on these important subjects. At home from 10 till 3, and from 6 till 8. "The temporary relief obtained by means of purgative medicines is purch ase d a t th e high price of the aggravation aud )f the perpetuating the disease."—HENßY, M.D. , .....- NO MORE PILLS OR ANY OTHER PHYSIC POR CONSTIPATION, INDIGESTION (DYSPEPSIA), PALPI TATION, NERVOUS, BILIOUS, AND LITER COMPLAINTS, DEBILI TY, DROPSY, EPIL EPSY, PARALYSIS, COUGH , ASTHM, CONSUMPTION, BR ONCHITIS, SORE THRO A T , FEVERS DU BARRY'S delicious HEALTH RESTOR ING RE'VALENTA ew Pence Per d p a n y r ,which, at a gisanves fifty times its cost in Medicine, and ARABICA FOOD, ures without Imes, and ruinous ex Cr any of the uncertainties, annoy ses incurred by medicine, cod liver cAI, or visits to distanf:li Certificate No. 36,418.-;itaetite4• d it the safest remedy, An (hew Ure, M.D., P.R.s. :and ; Dr. Cambell. w e extract of ew out of 56,000ar:::: Wurzer ; Dr. Shor- Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies Cure No. 49 832 of man ars' 47,121. Miss Elizh'b dyspepsia. , ,•• Of fifty y e , • yYe agony from dyspepsia, nervousness a th . gathering" a F indiscnbable aria Joly, eith Jacobs, tfon, flatulen, spasms, si_c_kness • and vo ul in a i t oc in tel i constipa of Lynn, Norfolk . Cure No. of extreme nervousness, indigestion and nervous fancies. Cure No. 54,816. The ii,V,T a s 2irit m g, Campbell, Syderstone Rectory, near Pakenham Jame: ' laints Cure gestinn and liver comp ~ N 0.56814. Mr. Samuel I .„lo.xtou ,Leicester, of two years diarrhma. Cure No. 180. Mr, vv• Reeves, 181, Fleet-street, London, of 2 5 ~ , nervous: .. eeves„ and debility. J6 o ,'"s ~,,,,. m ess, ccnstipation, indigestion , ss debility svi - ,;" ° . 4,0 28: ..Igilt years' dyspepsia, nervousne W. , Fl 1 kid - er arnPei ave , Hum t 'llasnis, and nausea, Rev. John W - - ' l ‘ Rec. Thirteen years' cough, i '`erY, Norfolk. Cure No. 3,906. Porter Athol ' nat. 'estion, and general debility, James , .., -street, "h. Cure No. 58,314. Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Crateacre, and all the horrors or otear Liverpool, of ten years' dyspepsia, James Roberts n‘`trvous irritabty. Cure No. 46,270. Mr. , f 30 years' diseased 1„.. 1- •'•r merchant, of Frimley, Surrey, 0 deafness. '''"4„ ':e, spitting of blood, liver derangement, partialcan be re ouilar testimonials from 58,000 patieats who t e , recT to. 4s. 6d., 121 b. ke T he Rood is sold in canisters, 11b. ts. 94., 21b, The post; 338. ~ 241 b. 40s. ; super-refined quality, 51b. 225,, 1O lb. of 1..01. 121 b canisters carriage free on receipt rost!:,,.. ~ and 241 b. ent d Co., 77, Re at - e r ce order by Barry Du Barry an and Co. 182, Piccadilly r t ociott .- ; ll 3 %t i l e; Fortium, Mason and 4, , Cheapside ; 03 160, Oxford-street 330 and 45a Strand ; 49 and 6 0 , Risk t • Phillips en m"„Pegate-street ; Batty, 16, Finsbury-pavem .. trl,% o deers ; Petty, Wood, and C Ind 11 ~ o King allrill " . ".oitir, and al ls7,Righ itolbors; 11 W grca", No. 21,507. PUBLICATIONS. Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 Pols, ICE - BOUND. By W ALTER. THORNBURY. Author of " British Artists from Hogarth to Turner," eze. "This remarkable book possesses a fund of real merit. It is distinguished by great vivacity of style, brilliance of colouring, and variety of incident.' —Literary Gazette. Hurst-and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street Now ready, 2 vols., post Bro., cloth, price 21s„ A GONY POINT ; or, The Groans of Gentility. By the Rev. JAMES PYCROFT, 8.A., Author of " Twenty Y ears in the Church," " Elkerton Rectory," " Ways and Words of Men of Letters," &c. L. Booth, 307, Regent-street, W. A NEW NOVEL BY MISS SYMONS. Now ready, 2 vols., post Svo., price 218., THE STEP S.ISTERS. By the Author of " Heatherbrae," &c. L. Booth, 307, Regent-street, W. THE PRESENT DISTRESS IN TRADE fully explained in J. GROSSMITH'S " GOVERNMENT UPON FIRST PRINCIPLES." The cause is there predicated of the monetary difficulties ex perienced in 1860. The Crisis is at hand. Anxiety in bus ness has now become the grim torture. Purity of motive, intelligently exercised, must animate all Governments, or all is lost, All denominations of Constitutions are carefully examined in J. Grossmith's "Government upon First Prin ciples." Kent and Co., late Piper and Co.. Paternoster-row. Sixth Edition, price 2s. ; by post 26 stamps, DEBILITY and IRRITABILITY (M en t a l an d Physical): the Causes, Symptoms, Effects, and Rational Treatment By T. H. YEOMAN, M.D., Physician to the Gene ral Post-office Letter-Carriers' Provident Institution, &c. "In this age, when quackery is rampant, and almost every medical work must be closely and narrowly scrutinised ere an opinion can be pronounced upon it, it is highly refreghing kimeets with one that puts forth no pretensions, and yet is deserving of the very highest commendations. Dr, Yeoman is a gentleman who has acquired an honourable name in his profession."—Weekly Times, London : By post only, from the Author, 25, Lloyd-square, W.C. Just published, Bvo, in cloth, price 55., by post free, ss. 6d., ON THE SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT of STRICTURES of the URETHRA ; showing why they so often appear Incurable, when in reality they might be removed by the most simple means. By F. B. COURTENAY, M.R.C.S.E., - - And formerly Surgeon to the Metropolitan Infirmary for the Cure'of Strictures of the Urethra. " This work is the production of a surgeon whose special attention has been directed, through a long professional life, to the treatment of strictures o the urethra. The cases which Mr. Courtenay has given supply ample evidence of his great discriminative power in the diagnosis of the various kinds of stricture, and of the scientific principles upon which their management is founded. By his systematic management an immense mitigation of pain to the unhappy surerers is attained, and future mischief prevented. The work we can most unreservedly and confidently recommend as a valuab. contribution, both to the general and professional reader, and ought to be found in the private study of all who are subject to stricture."—Medical Circular. London: H. Bailliere, 219, Regent-street. AN INCOME FOR A POUND !—Any person wishing to know how it is possible to realise a large fortune with £l, can obtain satisfactory information by ad dressing a letter io E. 8., 15, Calthorpe-place, Gray's-inn road, W.C. IMPORTANT TO OWNERS OF HORSES . - After long experience, deep researches into chymistry, by the aid of costly machinery, I have discovered the means whereby oats, beans, and oilcake may be entirely dispensed with in the feeding of horses and cattle. Ihave now invented a compound meal, composed of locust beans, Indian corn, linseed, &c., at £l6 per ton, which is equal in value to £24 worth of oats, beans, or any other feeding material in the market. Two quarts of this compound meal, weighing 3lbs, i at the cost of 5d., mixed with a p ec k o f c h opped hay, is a feet' for a draught horse, and superior in every respect to three quarterns of oats, costing 7d. 14 barrels weigh net 1 ton 1 cwt., at 16s. per cwt., £l6 16s. net cash, free, delivered by my own waggons to any station in London. Nothing less than 21 cwt. sold at the manufactory, and orders mast be accom panied with cheques crossed, made payable to the inventor, JOSEPH THO RLEY. Steam Mills, Caledonian-road, King's-cross, April 8, 1861. Single barrels, weighing 1 cwt., may be had for 305., at 77, Newgate-street, City, or of any of my accredited Agents in the country. THORLEY'S CONDIMENTAL FOOD (mixed vei h crushed Oats, &c.) for My Horses.—Read Admiral Rous on the English Racehorse. 40s. per barrel, containing 448 feeds. THORLEY'S CONDIMENT for My Cows. Increasing the quantity and enriching the quality of Milk. 40s. per barreL THORLEY'S COMPOUND for My Sheep. Sold in barrels, containing 449 feeds, with measure inclosed, and carriage paid to any railway station in the ingdom. THORLEY for My pigs. x 40a. per barrel. THORT.EY'S GLEANER is Published every Monday in time for po4t, and contains forty Columns of valuable information, including Mark-lane Report, Agri cultural and Sporting intelligence up to time of going to press. Price One Penny. Order of any Newsvendor.-77, Newgate-street, City. ' , RESENTS.—ORNAMENTAL and S CIEN- TrFIC.—ORNAMENTS for the Drawing-room, Library, ind Dining-room, consisting of anew and elegant assortment )f VASES, Figures, Groups, Candlesticks, Obelisks, Inkstands, eautiful inlaid Tables, Paper weights, &0., in Italian,Alabas er, Marble, Bronze, Derbyshire Spar, &c. Imported and manufactured by JAMES TENNANT, Mineralogist to her 'llaiesty, 149, Stand, W.C., London. I r. Tennant arranges elementary collecti ons o f SHELLS , iiNERALS, and FOSSILS, which will greatly facilitate the interesting study of MINERALOGY, CONCHOLOGY Ind GEOLOGY, at 2,5, 10, 20, 50, to 100 guineas each. PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION in GEOLOGY and MINE RALOGY is given by Mr. TENNANr. at 149, Strand, W.C. No. 8, GROSVENOR-STREET, BOND-STREET. ARTIFICIAL TEETH on a NEW and IM PROVED PRINCIPLE.—Mr. ESBELL'S PATENTED INVENTION (protected by her Majesty's Royal Seal, July, 1860), for adapting Artificial Teeth on Moveable Bases by Self-adhesion, are fixed without springs or any fastenings, without pain or extraction, restore perfect articulation and mastication, rendering detection impossible, and last a life time. "An admirable contrivance for remedying the defects of nature, without requiring new sets of teeth."—Sun, July 20. "Will doubtless be extensively patronised."—Court Cir cular, July 21. "Unrivalled for its sutility and economy."— Morning Post, July 20. Cossultatidts free.—Terms strictly moderate. 8, Grosvenor-street, Bond-street; Old Steyne, Brighton; Bennett's-hill, Birmingham. DR. BRIGHT'S THREE DAYS' CURE. —The BUCHU GLOBULES, containing the Quint essence of Copaiba, Cubebs, Buchu, &c., at once cure Gonor rhoea, obstinate Gleet, Stricture, and Urethral Discharges, immediately subduing all inflammatory action ; encased in sugar, thereby rendered free from taste or smell, and adapted for either sex. Price its.; by post 12s. 6d. Newbery, 45, St. Paul's Church-yard; Hannay, 63, Oxford street. a. GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET, W., NEAR THE PANTHEON. DR. CULVERWELL, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Licentiate of Midwifery, and Apo heearies' Hall, London, can be consulted daily (only) as :bove, on all cases of Nervous Debility, Languor, Incapacity, Loss of Memory, Sterility, and all Functional Derangements A both Sexes,.emanating from early and excessive :indul ewes Has Just published, price la ; by post, 18 stamps, 18 sealed, No. 4, An entire new and original Work, entitled OURSELVES. Synopsis : The Physiology and Anatomy of our Generation - The Origin of Disease—Symptoms, Treatment, and Cure. also, an Exposition of. and Remedy for, all Urinary Derange ments and Marital Disqualifications, LE. The modern tre a t men t o f S MA yphilis, Stricture, Blennorrhagis G "orrlicelt), Spermatorrhcea, Impotency, and all Diseases of tegu ne ar Ph itie y:fio4 i he Urinary Organs, with Prescriptions, AcC.l he FEMALE. E al x( ir etan Steri ci li e t or le a a n it d h A an n d atomy of Sickness—ChoiceWomen— in raorrniaalge_l r Disappointments— p T to b ms e C o a f us e e es an ta d . :ton—Use of theSpecul um, HEALTH,No. 1. 11A.PPn.TESS, and LONGEVITY; On Debility, Nervousness, Dyspepsia, and Indigestion, o. 2. LOVE AN D ' 2 • Their Obligations, Happiness, and Disapp ind other Matches. Sterility Removed,— ointments ; Love iering secured. : and Healthy _ No. E. THE CASE 13001 C: 100 Cases of SPERMATO—RitHMA, Their Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment, c Cure by Cauterisations , Galvanism, &a. ap rieetione and To be had of Mann, 39, Cornhill ; and the nth Advice to the Working Classes fee Half-a-Guinea; (SPECIAL NOTICE. Dr. Culverwell is the only legally qualified medical practi tioner living of that name, and can be consulted (only as above). DR. CURTIS' MEDICAL WORK, MANHOOD : MEDICAL ESSAY ON SPERMATORRHCE NERVOUS AND GENERATIVE DEBILITY, arc. A, Just Published, the 150th thousand, with numerous plates, in a sealed envelope, price Is., Sold by all Booksellers, and sent post paid, by the Author, forl2 stamps, M ANHOOD : the CAUSE and CURE of PRE- Lk MATURE DECLINE IN MAN, with Plain Directions for Verfect Restoration to Health and Vigour. By Dr. J. L. 15, Albermarle-street. Piccadilly, London. _ . CONTENTS: of the Reproductive Organs. Structure and Functions torrhcea and Impotence; CHAPTER ll.—Causes of Sperms. INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER on the Physiological CHAPTER lII.—A Review resulting from Youthful Abuse, the Early Vicious Indulgences; Of Marriage; whether Dangers ev o a t ri N ou el e l D ect isqualifications f CHAPTERS IV, and V. Follies of Maturity, the Eff v ect n of t C n lim e m a n te d , n o rn r Infection. 0 Gonorrhoea and Syphilis. concludes. a T e h s ! t li n o w ok nienina dde with 1 t h of a preventive varied rpe and interesting Lotion. REVIEWS OF THE WORK. 1 the nu m erous Author's should bean t hou nh dofyoung and old."—" Sunday Times," an a "Cocrtt o on Ma ood.—This is a truly valuable work, and ~ This fad March, 18.56. ; o " r Za w ily hi T l e i "The author has conferrea o vreat boon by publishing this little work, bi which is described the oonrce of those diseases which pr,oduce decline in youth or more frequently premature old age. , stood the test of professional criticism and empirical hostility, treats in aplain and sympathising l foreg Telegraph," M y a y r e c a h r years has lBs6. manner on the various disqualifications and impediments arising from nervous excitement and de • bility ; and to invalids suffering from youthful errors and excesses it wilt be found valuable and useful."—Record. London : Published by J. Alle n, 20, Warwick Lane, Pater- EOMnoster-row ; m ann . gia , conthill. og QQ llBll ltatiQA--:10 to 3 and I) to 8 ofiltildaYth 1 " 111 2 I 07 - ,._._ ~ ~,-. ^ • • ,P 4 to . ''' s.. • ~.. (0..i . c . v . 1 . -.-. ~ ' 4 , 4 i, ..... _. tit ' ' . , ! .' - ra .. CCU' • 3 / 4 4 , 74, • •'''' ..--7- 4: /**: r, 71 i xfr , ‘. ' ' • ' ,,,..,,/ ' • ° t ) ' t'' r e -,,,, t. • . - , .... ' , \ ruweik t . li t. .' 111 1 -. Ls '.---- " d , 41/Ifflk ---. i ~4 tv, te . 2 ? i f /: \ ' '...,...k . ' . ''' C 7 M . , - , .11141,, '. ~:-., ..„410 sb ,-. ~ , ,jetok.l4 : , 1 ' . ; ~,,,,,,. , , / ,;‘- ---.., .. - .4: ',.. - Y. tAr . 0 - le r - ~,i „ ,___ i .,.. ... - 1 , , „do , ~ ~ ~,i ~A , ,," 1, -- ---- 7 , - , ,Eii, -i - „6,. ,\ v oi ss \ ~ ..1 , 4 . -lor, . • , ...,,. ce,.-• --,,,,,- ---_-- A , ' 1 - 4,,. 1 - - _ .. c , x ~, 1 „ . - OA - , ~ ..„07-, to II 0,"•••••••••- ' N.,_.,,,• Z , ct9 - .., t. t. ' 1 1ILI 1 , ' 1; ' '''Cv"!? 4 - I 11. 2' / ...-- , .....„.,.. •.- ,mow "' ` • 1 . I' ~ ;t: ..„7, . . . . . N ; • . - - s , .. THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, JUNE 7, 1861. B ANK OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA.- Incorporated by Royal Charter. TheCOURT OF DIRECTORS HEREBY GIVE NOTICE, That a HALF-YEARLY DIVIDEND, at the rate of Six per Cent. per annum (free of Income-tax) on the Capital of the Bank, will be payable to the Proprietors of Shares registered in this country on and after the sth day of July next, at the office of the Corporation, No. 7, St. Helen's-place, Bishopsgate street, between the hours of Ten and Four. No Transfer can be made between the 15th instant and the sth proximo, as the Books must be closed during that period. By order of the Court. C. 3PNAB, Secretary. No. 7, St. Helen's-place, London, Juno 4, 1801. ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE OFFICE, Royal Exchange, London, . 22d May, 1861. The Court of Directors of the Corporation of the Royal Exchange Assurance do Hereby give Notice, that their Transfer-Books will be shut from TUESDAY, the 11th of June next, to THURSDAY, the 4th of July following ; and that a General Court of the said Corporation will be holden at their Office at the Royal Exchange, on WEDNESDAY, the 19th of June, at Twelve o'clock at noon, to consider of a Dividend. ROBERT P. STEELE, Secretary. The real cost should have been about £12,000,000 in India, and £1,500,000 in England. In 1858 59, owing to the mu tiny, this cost rose to £21,000,000 in India, and £3,750,000 in England, showing a total increase of £11,000,000 on the expenditure of 1856-57, to which should be added an in crease of £1,000,000 for military police. This was the maximum point, at which reductions began. In 1859-60` - the military expenditure in India was reduced to £17,750,000 and in England to £2:750.000, making a total reduction of £4,250,000. In 1860-61 the expenditure in India was £15,279,000, in England £2,750,009, showing a further saving of £2,500,000, which, as I explained just now, has been swallowed up by the increase of interest on the debt and other charges, and which still left the cost of the army of India £5,250,000 more in 1860-61 than it was in the year before the mutiny. This army consisted in 1859, ac cording to a return of the Military Finance Department, which I hold in my hand, of 284,529 men, exclusive of 69,254 military police—or in all of 353,783 armed natives. We had,itherefore, at the comtnencement of 1860, 60,000 more armed natives in our pay than in 1857, in addition to the increased European force, and the increased cost of our army was £5,250,000 a. year. Now, how has the Govern ment dealt with this state of things F In the first place,.they have decided that there shall be no hybrid corps like mili tary police, which really swell the native army without ap pearing on its roll. At least 50,000 men of military police and miscellaneouslocal levios b.ave been disbanded, or are in course of disbandment, and, with the exception of about 8000 military police in Bengal who have been retained for the present for special reasons Connected a ith the organisa tion of &constabulary in that Presidency, you may say that nothing of this sort remains in India. When we say army' we mean army, and when we say police' we meal" police —constables with batons under civil authority, anchaot se poy regiments under a new-name. - Next, we have reduced all native regiments to a uniform force of 600 privates, or 712 natives of all ranks per regiment. Finally, we have broken up and .disbanded regiments. Upon this point I think the Government of India 11..,s hardly done itself jus tice in not, making public some comprehensive view of the extent of reductions effected. In Bengal there were, in 1857, 146 regiments of njitive infantry, in 1869 the number was 93; in 1860 it was reduced to 91; and of these 8 are under orders for disbandment, and an order far reducing 11 more has been passed and will appear in a few days in the Gazette, bringing the number to 72 regiments, or less than half the number before the mutiny. Madras before the mu tiny had in all 65 regiments of native infantry, including 2 of veterans and 1 Pegu batta'ion. The number was raised in 1859 to 62 regiments—it is now 53 regiments. Bombay had 34 regiments before the mutiny. In 1859 there were 40. Of these 6 have been disbanded, and orders passed to dis band 4 more. As regards native cavalry, 'Bengal had, in 1857, 50 regiments. In 1859 there were 66 regiments. At present there were 43, and orders have just passed for disbanding 11, leaving the total number 32. This in cludes all native cavalry of the Punjaub, Central India, and elsewhere, as well as those under the Commander-in- Chief. Madras had 8 regiments of native cavalry in 1867; the number has been reduced to 4. Bombay had 9 regiments in 1857. These were recently converted into 14 regiments of reduced strength on the Irregular footing, which will be reduced to 9 or lower. I say nothing of native artillery, for no such thing exists, except a few mountain batteries at un healthy posts on the frontier. The result is, therefore, that 77 native regiments are broken up since 1859—viz., 44 of infantry and 33 of cavalry. Of these 24 regiments of in fantry and 20 regiments of cavalry are the result of the re ductions now ordered or enforced withinthe last few months. The effect of these reductions is to lower the strength of the native army from 284,000, at which it stood in 1859, to about 140,000 men. Including military police, the reduction of native armed force since 1859 will be very nearly 200,300 men, of whom upwards of 100 , 0 00_ men have been reduced within the last few months. I should mention that in effect ing these reductions it has been thought right to make some addition to the pay of the irregular native cavalry, who find their own horses and provisions. Prices have risen so much that it is difficult for them to keep out of debt on their old pay, and soldiers in dett are always dangerous. But I place it on higher grounds. It is the duty of the State to treat liberally men who are ready to shed their blood for us in case of danger, be they Hindoo or Mussulman, English or native —here at least the maxim should apply that the labourer while found faithful is worthy of his hire. I spoke of the above reductions as carried out, because they are so in a great measure ; and what remains is distinctly ordered in a ead heat which admits of no discussion. Madras has taken the lead in reductions, but Bombay is well up, and Ben g al, asy a wdillseee is coming with a rush, and will p er h a p s make at of it on the post. The Military Finance Department, who are constituted as a permanent departmmit of the Supreme Government, to see to the enforcement of all that relates to estimates and military finance, give us means like those which the Treasury and War-office in England possess, of insuring the observance of estimates and check ing expenditure. So much for our native army. In our Eu. ropean force no material change is proposed on that now existing. Concurrently with these reductions of force, we have made corresponding reductions in the Commissariat. Ordnance, and other military departments, and in the ex penditure on barracks. The general result ie that our mili tary expenditure of all sorts, including military buildings, will be reduced from last year by £3,220,000. Our estimate of military expenditure in India for the year 1861-62, which has been revised with great care by the Military Finance Department, is £12,800,000, or £2,479,000 lower than in 1860-61. But this does not show the whole amount of per manent saving, as the reductions cannot all be carried out by the Ist of May, and native troops cannot bo distended without gratuities. The estimates of this Military Finance Department is £12,199,242 as the cost for a year of the esta blishment now decided upon for permanent adoption, and £600,760 as the temporary cost of this year in gratuities, bounty, pay, and other expenses, before the reductions are fully carried out. It is right to state, however, that for £500,000 or £600,000 of this reduction we are indebted to a suspension of the usual demands for stores, owing to the vast accumulations of recent years. I am sanguine, how ever, that when the new police is fully organised, and atter another year or two of peace and tranquillity, the native army may be still further reduced, and the total expendi ture in the army kept at £12,250,000 or even brought down to £12,000,000 in India, and £2,000,000 in England. I n the meantime our actual reduction for the ensuing year is £3.220,000, but of this £409,000 is in military buildings, of which we give the benefit to civil public works. In this es timate of military expendit ure I h ave on l y a ll owe d fo a small decrease on the home charges, proportionate to what we know of the actual diminution of numbers in depot— viz., from £2,772,610 in 1860-61 to £2,500,000 in 1861-62. But I hope and believe the reduction will be much larger. It is perfectly manifest that the officers and men belong ing to Indian regiments in depot at home are as much a reserve for England as for India. In the event of any sudden and serious danger threatening England there is no doubt that these troops would be available there, and it is not fair that India should pay the full cost of the reserve establishments in England under such circumstances. The day is past when England can consider India a sort of milch-cow on whom to draw fora little here and a little there, in order to round an English budet or ease an English estimate. Strict and impartial justice must be the rule in all money matters between England and India, if England v, ishes to get a return for her capital, which will soon amount to £100,000,000, invested in Indian securities and railways, and if she wishes to see India be come every day more and more the best source of supply for her raw produce and the best market in the world for her staple manufactures. I know that arrangements are pending at home by which we hope to commute all charges for depots or otherwise for a fixed sum per head for every soldier in India; and if a fair settlement is made I look for a considerable further reduction on the military estimates. In reducing the expense of the army we have not been unmindful of the sister service. The Indian Navy cost nearly £1,000,000 a year, and what was there to show for it ? It is no disparagemet to the well known courage of our gallant Indian Navy to say that the whole fleet could not stand a single broadside from a man-of-war of modern construction and armament. In the event of a naval war we must trust to Britannia to rule the seas, and really, in these hard times, India cannot afford to go on paying £1,000,000 a year for the honour and glory of having a navy of her own, which is no real protection. Nor does it seem the wisest of policies to run Government steamers on our rivers, competing with railways and steamers of com panies on whose capital we are guaranteeing 5 per cent. Accordingly the axe has been laid to the root of that tree, and our budget of 1861-62 shows, by way of commence ment, a reduction of naval and marine charges £536,000, from £856,070, as it was last year, and £1,000,000, as it would have been with no reductions, now that our steamers have returned from China. This reduction will, I hope, be carried still further when arrangements now pending are completed, by which a small but efficient force of the Royal navy shall be constantly stationed in the Indian Seas, which will give us much more security against any possible hostile attack than we have ever hitherto had. Nor have we been unmindful of economy in our civil ex penditure. The first four heads of the abstract of the Budget Estimates, which I hold in my hand, comprise the cost and charges of collecting the revenue, civil and politi cal establishments, law and justice, and police, which in clude the whole cost of civil administration in India, except for public works. The aggregate of these four heads is £14,864,000 in 1861-62 against £14,876,389 in 1860.61, showing a decrease of £12,385, instead of the large increase which has been steadily going on of late years. But this gives a very inadequate view of the real saving in civil ad ministration, for the charge in 1861-62 includes £350,000 more than in 1860-61 for the increased cost of opium, salt, and income-tax, and £150,000 for contingencies connected with the famine, for none of which is civil administration there fore,have been £500,0 00 mo r e in 1861-62 than in 1860-61, proper at all responsible. The total charge would, hadthe cost of civil a dministration remained the same. But it is £12,385 less, so that the saving in civil administration ac tion in civil expenditure w e are much indebted to the Civil cannot be taken at less than £500,000. F or thi s l arge red tic- Finance Commission, who have aided us in reducing outlay, rooting out abuses and revising estimates with the mostme ritorious zeal. A portion of this has been effected in the police, which, under the old system, was both costly and inefficient; and here the as sis tance f the Police Commis sion has b-en of the greatest value. But there has also been a saving in a variety of minor departments, which, although small in individual cases, amount up to a large sum in the aggregate. The system of budget estimates has already afforded us valuable means of checking this sort of expendi ture in detail, and I haven() doubt that it will he found every year more and more an efficient instrument for checking extravagance and enforcing a wise economy—an economy which, let me observe in passing, is only to be attained in conjunction with efficiency , and is wide as th e po l es apar t u s e a g n e a r e n a f d l I stinginess.yte-dayw respected, ill m e A .e u a n iGetonvbeeer Govern ment, here, th a t th e estimates of which dm fromo a n ts, sharp r y p b t e h a i n n well d g s l s k r e e e r v w s i e h sadahnbadonbe saving hundr edfold discredit on the mor a mean and illib era l ac t, or , de pend r p wl u e w n t oh d . wtuleg give tenfold dt t h , e stehwge expenseeenl paltryleobserve results are all taken from the de • tailed estimates settled under the new system, of which such portions as may be useful for public information will Governments. Th e nex t head of expensduiethurmermaintitemsr be presented and printed as so on as time pe't , so as to enable those who take an int erest in details of expenditur e under different head s an d i n different s y t Budgeto trace shows an increase, not a reduction, but I think you will ,an th d e th w e h a o pardon this whe n I say that it is for civil public works. The Imperial assignment for c i v il public works is £3,121,129 i n 1861-62, aga i ns t £2 , 8 97,671 in 1860-61, or £223,458, i n a dditi on t o whi c h £230 ,000 more will be spent next qur year ed fo r than repairst h is smaller, s f m ro a ni ller, so loca l that fands on rootlet re ex penditure on new works of improvement will be about £500,000 more in 1861-62 than in 1860-61. Of this a large portion will go in Making wads, which I believe to ke, as general rule, the most advantageous way of spending money in most parts'of India. We shall especially urge on the con struction of good roads in the principal cotton districts, so as to be pre eared,to bring the resources of India into play to sup ply the threatened deficiency of cotton from America. Im mense interests are at state on this question, not only ma terial—for who can measure the extension of commerce, and the mutual benefit to England and to India which would result from a tran s f er o f th e c hi e f supply of cotton from America to the East ?—but moral also, for the issue for which Wilberforce contended, and for which England has sacrificed her We s t I n di an colon i es and poured forth her millions like water,—the issue of slavery or freedom, is staked mainly on the question whether America's danger is to be India's opportunity. If cotton produced by free labour can undersell cotton the produce of slavery, then and not till then, the cause of freedom is finally gained. Private enterprise, and private enterprise alone, can decide . this great issue, b u t th e G overnment have cer tain duties to perform, and they will not perform them negligently.' To press on the construction of roads and com munications; to pass just laws for the enforcement of con tracts; to provide ready tribunals for dispensing justice; to impress on all connected with them the importance of en couraging independent Engli s h enterprise by every means consistent with justice, and with the equal rights of our native subjects—these are within the legitimate functions of Government, and you may depend upon it, sir, that it shall not be said of us that slavery triumphed and India missed its opportunity because its Government was too blind to discern, or too weak to carry out, the policy which at a great crisis,:Providence had clearly pointed out to us. In addition to roads, we shall spend more money on canals, and especially in developing those works of irrigation in connexion with our great panels which have proved of such infinite value in averting the consequences of tae famine. Colonel Cotton has truly said that water is gold in India. It is morethan gold—it is life ; and among the most lament able consequences of our financial embarrassments . has been the necessity of starving works, which convert famine into plenty. I have now gone through all the principal heads of expenditure except for railways. I shall have to pay about £lOO,OOO more than last year for guaranteed interest, after deducting net traffic receipts, the increase of traffic not having kept pace with the increase of capital paid in by the companies. But I shall save the £473,331 set down last year for loss by exchange on railway capital, for as nearly as I can estimate the interest due by railway companies on advances made by Government will balance any loss by ex change from further payments under existing contracts, and I take it for granted that the Home Government, on whose attention it has been urged, will not think of extending a single contract with this most objectionable clause. The in terest on debt has increased by £313,299 owing to the recent loan in England and a full year being payable in the whole of the 51 per cent, loan in India. I thus arrive at the gene ral result of a total expenditure for 1861-62 of £41,554,699 as compared with £45,154,449 in 1860-61, showing a reduc tion of £3,599,750. I proceed now to the other side of the ac count to show what my revenue will be:to mee tehis expen diture. Land Revenue—The total revenue for 1861-62 is £18,951,156 against £18,762,447 in 1860-61. This increase has arisen, notwithstandinga loss of £360,000 in the North west and Punjab, owing to the famine, in consequence of sales of lapsed estates in Bengal, and of a general slight in crease in districts unaffected by the famine. Including the loss of land revenue, the grants for relief, and the cost of extra works in the suffering districts the total loss by famine in this budget may be taken at about £600,000. Income tax—The estimated receipt for 1861-62 is £1,948,094, but this is not a fair representation of the produce of the tax for a year, as it includes a large amount of arrears from the previous year. The gross annual produce of the income-tax may be taken at about X 1,750,000, from which must be de ducted the cost of collection, say 10 per cent., and the loss on the moturpha and trade taxes in the Punjab and Oude, which are partially superseded by the income-tax, amount ing to £186,827, leaving £1,389,000, or say in round num bers £1,400,000 as the net annual produce of the tax. Cus toms—An allowance of 1;200,000 has been made for a falling off in the import duties on British manufactures at Cal cutta and Bombay, owing to the dullness of trade, but this is made up by the increase of the salt duty and the buoy ancy of various minor receipts from Customs, especially on the inland lines. A further allowance of £40,000 is made for a reduction of the duty on imported twist and yarn from 10 to 5 per cent. The duty was raised last year by Mr. Wilson, who estimated the gain to the revenue at £67,000, but it has only amounted to about half that figure, and no one 'can doubt that it is a duty which ought not to be maintained at a rate which might stimulate the growth of a protected interest. The principle of free trade is to im pose taxes for purposes of revenue only, and if yarn be a fit subject for taxation there ought to be an Excise on the native manufacture equal to the Customs duty on the imported article, unless the latter be so small in amount that it would be palpably not worth while to establish a c >untervailing system of Excise. With a 5 per cent, import duty this might be the case, but at any higher rate untaxed native yarn would manifestly b ea pro' tected article, and any interest which might grow up would infallibly share the fate of other protected interests, and find itself at some early day left to struggle with foreign compe tition. I wish I could at once reduce the duty on piece goods and other manufactures from 10 to 5 per cent., but, unfortu nately, the amount of revenue is too large to enable me to propose it without imprudence. Looking at the precarious.. ness of the present high price of opium and the possible con tingencies of the famine, I should not be justified in parting with £400,000 of revenue without seeing very clearly how I could replace it. But that is no reason why I should not at once deal with yarn where the amount is small, the failure of the high duty palpable, and the case urgent, because par ties are actually building mills and importing machinery on the strength of the high duty. If, upon equal terms, those parties can compete with Manchester, by all means let them do so, but it would be unfair to induce them to invest capi tal on the faith of a protective duty, which certainly could not be maintained for a couple of years. Salt will show a large increase, viz., from £3,391,630 in 1860-61 to £3,980,000 in 1861-62. In 1859 the rates of duty on salt were as follows: Bengal, 2r. 8a per maund; Madras, 14a. ditto; Bombay, 12a. ditto; North West, 2r. ditto; Punjab, 2r. ditto ; Oude, 2r. ditto. The Government then proposed to raise the duty generally by Ba. per maund, but after some correspon dence with the local Governments the following rates were adopted: Rate Increase on adopted. old rate. R. A. P. R. A. P. Bengal 3 0 0 0 8 0 North-West and Oude Madras 1 0 0 0 2 0 Bombay Punjab 2 2 0 0 2 0 The expectation of increased revenue has been fully rea lised. The produce of the salt duties (exclusive of imported salt) rose from £2,602,000 in 1858-59, the last year of the old duties, to £3,391,000 in 1860-61, showing an increase of £789,000, to which must be added about £lOO,OOO for the increase of duty on imported salt levied thraugh the Cus toms. The slight increase of duty, therefore, imposed in 1859, and which I believe no one has felt, has produced nearly £1,000,000, or two-thirds as much as the income-tax. The fact is, the increase of duty had no effect whatever in checking consumption. The amount per head, or for each family, paid for salt is, as Mr. Plowden conclusively showed in 1855, very slight, and the general rise of wages and increase of prosperity have made this slight amount comparatively still slighter; so that a large increase of consumption has gone on concurrently with an advance of duty. In Madras the returns show an average consumption of 480,000 maunds a month for the sixteen months since the duty was raised, as against 456,000 maunds per month for the corresponding period under the old duty. In fact a rise of duty of 121 per cent. coincided with an increase of consumption of 5 per cent. and the revenue gained 15 per cent. In Bombay an increase of 33 per cent. on the duty raised the revenue 36 per cent., showing here also an increase of consumption. In Bengal the result was still more favourable, and in the North-West the result was extraordinary, showing an increase of no less than 30 per cent. in con sumption, coincident with a rise of 25 per cent. in duty. In the face of facts like these there could be no reasonable doubt that a further slight increase may be borne without oppressing the people or checking consumption, especially as the approaehing opening of the railways will, in many cases, cheapen the price of salt in the interior. It would not, however, have been wise to hazard the results already obtained by too large an advance so soon after that lately made. Accordingly, after consultation with the local Go vernments, the following additions have been made, viz:— la Bengal, Bombay, a n d Mad ras 4 annas p er maun d, rais ing the duty to 3r. 4a. in Bengal, and Ir. 4a, in Madras and Bombay. :In the North-West and Oude Ba., raising the duty to 3r., and doing away with the preventive line at Allahabad. In the Punjaub lr., assimilating the duty on this side of the Indus to that on the North- West. In Nagpore lr. Ba., and in Scinde lr. per maund will be imposed where no duty Row exists. A coerespond ing increase is made in the Customs' duties on imported salt. The effect of these additions of duty, estimated on the actual rate of consumption, with some allowance for a pos sible falling off, though I see no reason to anticipate any, gives me an additional revenue of £598,370. Bengal opium has only been taken at the same figure as last year, though the actual market price is 600 r. per chest higher, which would warrant an increased estimate of fully £1,500,000. An increase on Bombay opium is taken of £468,000, owing partly to the increased duty of 100 r. per chest, to take effect effect from October, and partly to the increased number of passes over last year's estimate, ythich . are expected from the pi esent crop, and will be realised either before the Ist of May, or soon afterwards. As there is no prospect of any material increase of the supply of Bengal opium in the com • ing year I see no reason why the present high prices may not continue for some time, and, if so, Nye shall unquestion ably realise a much larger sum from opium than is put down in this estimate. The estimate for stamps for 1861-62 is £1,216,010, which is £383,370 more than last year, and £557,052 more than 1859-60, which was the last complete year of the old duties. This increase is very satisfactory, and in fact the additions made to the salt and stamp duties last year have yielded alarger revenue than the income-tax. The different heads of miscellaneous receipts show a falling off from last year of £750,000. This arises from certain windfalls in 1860-61 not being repeated. For instance, £340,000 was received in one sum last year from the Rajah of Putteala on account of certain ceded districts, which of course does not recur. The other heads of revenue are as nearly as possible the same as in 1860-61. The general result is, that the revenue of 1861.62 will amount to £11,294,595 as compared with £39,285,731 in 1860-61, showing an increase of £2,008,864. My expenditure was £40,254,699 without railway interest, or £41,554,699 with it; so that in the former case I should have a surplus of £1,039,896, in the latter a deficit of £250,104. In 1860-61 the deficit, exclusive of railways, was £4,176,544, and with railways £5,868,718. On the strictest principles a large portion of the difference between £1,800,000 paid for guaranteed interest and the £550,000 of net receipts from opened railways, is chargeable to capital. It might even be contended that a portion of the large expenditure on canals and other reproductive works is so chargeable, but as re gards at least £1,000,000 of the charge for railway interest, there can be no doubt that it is as much a charge against capital as the cost of making the line. This will properly be shown in the accounts, but, on the whole, I think it more prudent for the present to provide for it a s curren t expendi ture. The charge is likely to continue for several Yeti in _ least, the money must be paid, and I think it extremely portant to show that we have no arrears, and that h e ncefor • wa rd our receipts for the year will honestly expenditure. think itspecially impor . tant . fo c r ° often worse the ing reason. The fear of the new taxation is than the reality of new taxes. In all , countries and more especially in a country like India, it is most undesirable_ to *keep the minds a the people cowitantly harmed by AA . PRICE 41) . STAMPED, SD• definite apprehension of fiscal changes. Now, there is no guarantee that a Government can hold out against new taxes as long as it has a deficit. The money it must have to pay its way, and as it cannot borrow for ever, new taxes must be tried if the old ones do not suffice. But if the old taxes do suffice, no sane Government will risk unpopularity by resorting to new ones, and the nation may rely confi dently, that, if any cbanee be proposed, it will be in the pleasant form of reduction. Now, if we fairly extinguish our deficit while we are about it, including the railway in terest, I think we may say that we shall be in this position. It is true that the hi ghprice of opium is precarious, andtha t I hope and Customs' duties are in some cases too high. Bu t and believe that further reduction. especially irnmtiielarhtairey. expenditure on the native army, will be found Pee our land revenue would at once improve on the cessation of famine ; the salt, the Customs, the Excise, the Stamps, and other branches of revenue, cannot fail to increase with the opening of railways and with the increased trade and prosperity of the country. On the whole, apart from wars, of which I cannot see any present prospect, or from some sudden calamity, like a great famine, which is in the hands of Providence, I may truly say that, as far as I can see, if we honestly extinguish our deficit now, no Chancel lor of the Exchequer need ever be sent again from England to India to devise new taxes. That part, at least, of his mission will be gone. and, with Prospero, he may bury his magic wand certain fathoms deep and renounce his art. Do you then go with me in saying that, after having for so many, and I fear such weary rounds, with this huge bully Deficit, we shall not let him claim a cross, or call it a drawn battle ? If so in the language of the ring, let us go in and finish. O r , if you prefer an Indian simile, as this tremen dous tiger has given ns such a fight, let us pour a parting shot into his carcass to finish him off effectually, and make assurance doubly sure. The means are ready to my hand in the licence tax, which has been so long announced and so nearly passed into a law that nothing remains but to read the bill a third time. Every one, I believe, expects it, and has long looked upon it as part of the financial scheme an nounced by the Government, but I must confess that I feel great reluctance 'to proceed with it until I can combine it with an amendment of the income tax, so as make the united measure one of relief and satisfaction to India rather than of oppression and burden. I have told you frankly that, financially speaking, 1 think the income tax has been a failure. It lays down a great and just principle that the capital and trade of India, as well as her land, shall contri bute in a fair proportion towards the support of the State. From that principle I believe no Government of India will ever recede, and as regards incomes which are fi xe d an d certain, and can be ascertained without prying into people's private affairs, there is no fairer mode of applying it than by a percentage on the amount of income. But when you come to trading or professiodal incomes, or incomes which cannot be ascertained without calling for complicated returns and instituting private inquiries, I believe th a t some fixed scale of assessment under a graduated license tax is a better mode of applying the principle. I would almost lay this down universallo, for I think it is a fatal objection to a tax, that it conduces to extensive demo ralisation by holding out a premium to fraud, and that its inevitable tendency is to embark the Government in a con stant warfare with a large section of its subjects—a warfare carried on by vexatious petty interference and inquisition on the one hand, and by evasion andchicanery on the other. Certain I am that India, at any rate, is no place for such a tax on incomes going as low as £2O a-year, and that the Government would be wanting in their duty if they did not address themselves to the task of endeavouring so to amend this portion of the income tax as to raise the necessary re venue in a manner less open to objection. Such an amend mend could not be introduced as part of theillpresent budget, for obvious reasons ; but I hope, before long, to be in a po sition to mature a measure, and until that is the case, I am anxious, as I before stated, to keep the licence-tax in reserve and not impose it in a crude form as a separate measure, without compensation or equivalent. To raise even £600,000 by the license-tax, we must send the taxgatherer to four million doors, or, in othe r wor d s , mus t afect 20 million of our population. That is a serious matter, and, although I should not shrink from it in case of necessity, I confess that I should prefer making the license-tax part of a general scheme for mitigating the income-tax, and moulding the two together into a system more simple, sa tisfactory, and congenial to native habits and wishes. Well, then, I hear you say, ' How about the deficit ? Is it to be a drawn battle after all, or a stalemate, when we thought the next move would win the game ?' By no means. I have a move in reserve, which I think will effectually checkmate him. I invite your particular attention to this, which I hope is the concluding part of my statement, for I consider it to be the most interesting, as it is the most novel feature of the financial scheme of the Government. I want about £500,000 fairly to weather my deficit, and get into smooth water with a small surplus. The ob vious resource would be to dock it from public works. The Government, as I have already shown, have been so far liberal to public works of a useful nature as to propose to give them £500,000 or upwards more than last year. But if we have not got the money we cannot give it, and therefore we should be very reluctantly driven to cur tail roads, canals, and other useful works of this descrip tion, to the allotment on which they have been carried on, or rather I should say starved since the mutiny. Now, this would really be most lamentable. It is heart hreaking to hear of districts barren for want of water, where water is to be had ; of roads half finished and abandoned, or finished but useless for want of some bridge which has tumbled down. India has two great wants—irrigation and commu nication. I do not mean grand schemes only which strike the imagination, so much as village roads and village tanks and water cuts, which enable every rood of ground to grow its crop and send it to market. Such works we are most anxious to encourage, and accordingly, instead of simply curtailing the Imperial allotment to local governments, we say to them—' Take what we are able to give you, and for the residue take certain powers of local taxation and raise it yourselves.' There are certain subjects which cau be dealt with far better by local than by Imperial taxation. For instance, tobacco. The discussion on this subject last year, and the returns from the various local governments, prove distinctly that there is no scheme of uniform and Imperial taxation applicable alike to all India short of a Government monopoly, to which there are grave objections, under which we could hope to obtain any considerable revenue. In one province the system of land tenure makes an acreage tax difficult; in another, the vicinity of a native State throws impediments in the way of an Excise; in a third, the gene ral cottage cultivation makes licenses at anything beyond a nominal race almost impracticable. But many of these pro vinces could raise a considerable revenue, without sensible pressure, from tobacco, if left to deal with it in their own way, and under a system which might vary in case of need, so as to suit the peculiar circumstances of each district. Well, we say to them, Take tobacco and make what you can of it for your local roads and canals, instead of the allotment which we wished to give you, but could not afford from the Imperial Budget.' The same principle applies to other sub jects of taxation. We place no limit upon it, except this, that every proposal for local taxation shall be subject to the sanction of the Governor-Gene, al in Council, and of the Legislative Council when a law is required, in order to see that it is not inconsistent with Imperial taxation or with Imperial policy. For instance, suppose a certain town, being anxious to get a road made, proposes to have an octroi, and the local Government adopts the application. The Supreme Government examines the scheme to see that there is no transit duty on general trade, which would be contrary to public policy and injurious to other parts of the empire. But if it is a mere octrai, and the question is simply whether the inhabitants of a given town shall for a time pay a little more for their eggs and poultry in order to get a road, that is their affair ; and we sanction the tax. This is only one illustration, but there will be many such cases, as people will regard with very different eyes a temporary local tax levied for some object of undoubted advantage in their own district, and a general tax, which goes into the remote and unfathomed gulf of the Imperial Exchequer. 'We have already received from several local Gevernments the most satisfactory assurances of their ability and readi ness to raise considerable sums by small and comparatively unfelt local taxes for local objects. I think, therefore, that by this means not only will the Imperial Budget obtain the requisite relief, but more money will, on the whole, be raised and expended on useful locarworks. This, however, by no means comprises the whole scope and object of the measure. By enacting local budgets, the Government hope not merely to meet a temporary difficulty, but to inaugurate a permanent improvement. It has long been a standing complaint with other presidencies and provinces that they were deprived of their fair share of self-govern ment, and kept in a state of galling and humiliating depen dence on the bureaux of Calcutta. Well, Sir, the power of the purse is the ultimate power, and as long as local Governments are absolutely subservient to Calcutta in financial matters it is evident that they can have no real in dependence. But if, without sacrificing in any way the unity of the Empire and Imperial control in Imperial mat ters, we give them local budgets, their position is altered. We propose to give them not only powers of local taxation, but possibly to credit them with a liberal share of reduc • tions of expenditure, which they may be able to make on the estimates of the general Budget. Each Government will therefore have a direct interest in economy, in order to increase the fund applicable to local works, and I cannot fancy that Madras, for instancefwill long continue to spend £160,000 a-year in public works establishments to look after £460,000 a-year of expenditure upon actual works, where it is apparent that every I extra spent on establish ments means LI more to raise by local taxes, or £1 less to spend on roads and canals. It is obvious that such a system of local budgets would harmonise extremely well with what I hope soon to see adopted,—viz., Local Legislative Councils at the Presidencies. It would at once give them an appro priate and dignified position, and I can imagine nothing more useful than that the details of a local budget, such as that of Madras or Bombay, should be submitted to the in telligent scrutiny of a council comprising both experienced officials and picked representatives of the mercantile and native communities. I think also the scheme would greatly foster the growth of municipal institutions, and of what is still more important, of the spirit of local self-help and self guidance, which is at the bottom of a nation's greatness. India is not altogether devoid of that spirit of self-govern ment which characterises the Anglo-Saxon. In her vil lage communities and her punchayets we find traces which r may remind us that Hindoo, as well as Englishnian Teuton, are descended from a common stock of by climate, an cestors. But the Hindoo has been enervated t isolated harassed by wars, oppressed by bad government, isolated oe morally by by caste, and physically by been wan o t st extinguished. tion, until these germs havenever within the period The consequence is that India has nan Arlan aggregate of vari ous history been a nation. It has been and duppeintttyo e d p e h sp ern ot e is r m al so owhichus communities, with the the accident of the hour, d enturer, and the degeneracy im portance or decayed with success of some military_a to e theln th t e ha o t tvh i e other, n i' y ' be ours to found of hope e d to show that as our power issoninoew aeLe leastctuionsnigh:the shado r w , to of b a e ri le v x a e l re f ised t fi h rml his twh iitnh h go e u i m r t heir. Let rival, or o :rn and from the rra'veraodnldy over whom Providence Hima layas to dus, it isand a the wisely for good millionstphoewe in authory I h ha s p laced ofthe aye a vision of an India — where the science com munication —where the eeasequent increase of trade has diffused material prosperity—.where English ener every and capital stimulate improvement in district , and where the native population, with • expanding ideas and im proving intelligence, are taught by the educatlone . f schools and of events, of books, and railways, to know us, and to know one another ; and are gradually trained in the ma nagement of their own local a ff a i rs for those of a wider der area; so that India may at length have what it has never yet had—a political life—and at length be—what it has never yet been—a nation. You may say that this is a vision, and this much is certain, sir, that neither you nor I will AT° 1 to see it fully realised; but I reply that it is something for a Government to have a policy, a high and distinct though - distant aim, and I think I may safely say that this is an aim in which every enlightened Hindoo and Mussulman, las well as every enlightened Englishman, may cordially unite with us, and join us in praying, in the words of the inspired Psalmist, " that our works may be so done in truth and equity as to stand fast for ever and ever." If, six', we have succeeded even tolerably in restoring our finances and conjuring away that spectre deficit which rode upon us ". like the grim nightmare hag of the old Norse Saga, I le. joice in it, not so much f or th e i mme di a t e re li e f ; as because , I hope and believe that it is an earnest of further imrove , ment. If six months have suffi ce d t o ge t r id of £6,000,000 of deficit, I see nothing of which the Government of India need despair, with energy and decision; with prudence and clear insight. Success, like failure; is contagious, and in politics, as in war, the moral causes are to the physical, as the great Napoleon said, as 10 to 1. Therefore, sir, in addressing ourselves to further reform the word ' impossible' shall be banished from our vocabulary, and we shall succeed, because we have succeeded already, and because we are determined to succeed again. And now, sir, nothing remains but to thank you and the Council for the patience with which you have listened to me, and to sum up in two words the result which I had laid before you. The deficit was £5,868,718. We have met £3,599 , 7 50 of it by reductions, £2,008,861 by improved revenue, and £500,000 by transfer to local budgets. Therefore, I have a clear surplus of £239,896 of • income over expenditure, including in my expenditure £1,300,000 on account of railway interest, which is properly chargeable to capital. My cash balance in India on the Ist of May next will be £12,850,000, which is higher than was expected, partly because the receipts from opium have been large, and partly because recent reductions of expenditure are beginning to tell. After allowing for the payment of £950,000 of prize money, and for an expenditure of £500,000 per month, or £6,000,000 in the course of :the year, upon railways, it is estimated that we shall arrive at the Ist of May, 1862, with a cash balance of £14,264,302. I shall want no loan, therefore, as far as I can see at present, unless something altogether unexpected should occur, which I have no reason to anticipate. There is no danger of ' the railways now in progress being suspended, though str ict s f e a c r o n a o s m p y o s must b in e o e p n e f n o i r n c e g d a i d n d i t i ma on a k i l n g miles the ofm orlely. way, and not in costly works or ornamental stations. These mainly by b l y et have been ob tainedOn the continued • enforcement of that economy the future welfare of India enforcing_ es m o o n r o e m r y e r at, mainly depends. I have been eareful, as far as possible, to adopt no figure in my builgetwhich was not based on posi tive facts, and on the estimates' of the responsible authori ties. As regards the Military,Estiraates, which are the most important, Colonel Btilfo* and his colleagues in the Military Finance Departntentgone through them in minute detail, and pledge themselves for their sufficiency, provided the orders already passed bt. the Government are properly carried out. That is our affair and you may de pend upon it that, with the welfare of India and our own credit at stake, we shall take good care that we are promptly obeyed. I anticipate no difficulty, for I have always heard that in the ranks of the Indian service, as in those of the army, there is a noble spirit which makes men obey distinct orders punctually—nay, cheerfully, even in cases when the orders may have been contrary to their own judgment ; but in this case I believe there is not a man in India whose judgment does not go with us, and who does not feel that in largely reducing the Native Army we are following the path not only of financial reform but of political prudence. With this conviction the eye of Government will be on every officer who has anything to do with the realisation of these, our first properly framed and duly considered Budget Estimates, and he will find us prompt to recognise merit, not prompt to a c ce pt excuses or t o a d m i t o f failure. I have nothing more to add. As I said at the commencement, I say now, there is no eloquence on such an occasion as this but that of facts. An oratorical triumph Ido not seek, I am not an orator by nature, and if I were I should disdain, in presence of such great interests, to resort to artifice, or to appeal to anything but reason. B ut t h ere are my facts. Take them, sift them, scrutinize them, for it is my convic tion that they axe solid and substantial facts and not shams. It is not for me to anticipate the verdict of public opinion on the policy of the Government of which I am a member, but this I will say, that I await it with confidence. I may be mistaken, but my belief is that impartial men who un derstand Indian affairs will, both here and in England, accept the results submitted to you to-day as, on the whole, not discreditable to Lord Canning's Government, and not discouraging as regards the prospects of this great Eastern Empire, which is,—or ought to be, and by the blessing of God shall be—the bri g ht es t j ewe l i n t h e C rown of our be-. loved Sovereign Lady Queen Victoria. TILE INDIAN BUDGB2 OF 1861-62, (From the Supplement to the Friend of India of May 2.) On Saturday, April 27, 1861, Mr. Laing made the fol lowing Financial Statement in the Legislative Council of India, introducing the Budget of 1861-62 : " I rise, Sir, for the purpose of submitting to the Legisla tive Council, on behalf of the Government the Budgekof India for the year 1861-62. The occasion is too grave for me to indulge in preface. India has been eagerly watching for this statement to learn whether she is solvent or bank rupt, and England turns an anxious eye to the East to know whether her Indian Empire is to be a future source of strength or of weakness:. --inspresence of - shah great"' interests one sort of eloquence alone is admissible — that of facts, and to them I address myself. In the first place, how do we actually stand When my predecessor, the late lamented Mr. Wilson, brought forward his budget for 1860-61, little more than 12 months ago, he showed that Jndia had long suffered from a chronic deficit, which since the mutiny had increased to a frightful amount. For 33 years out of the preceding 46 the average deficit had amounted to £2,500,000 a year, and the three years alone from 1857 to 1860 had added £38,000,000 to the National Debt. The prospective deficit for the year 1560-61 was esti mated by Mr. Wilson at £6 500,000. He proposed to meet it partly by new taxes, partly by reductions, and partly by drawing on the cash balances, which were then unusually large owing to the success of recent loans. Unfortunately, of these anticipations the last only was fully realized. The actual deficit of 1860-61 has been £6,678,000, and, it has been met by a corresponding reduction of cash balances in India and England, which, on the 30th of April, 1860, stood together at £19,600,000, and on the 30th of April, 1861, will have been reduced to about £14,500,000. Let me explain this more fully. Mr. Wilson proposed in addition to those augmentations of salt, the Customs and Stamp duties which had been already enforced, and of which the year 1860-61 had the benefit,—two new taxes, the income tax and the license-tax. Of these the first was passed into law, but at so late a period that the year 1860-61 was only partially benefited by it. The figures of the regular esti mate, published in February last, which give the latest authentic returns, and close the year 1860-61 with a final deficit of £6,678,000, include £803,550 of Mr. Wilson's income-tax. No accurate estimate was attempted of the produce of the new taxes at the time, but it was roughly stated that the income-tax might produce about £2,500,000 a .year and the license-tax about £1,000,000. I fear these estimates are greatly over stated. From the returns of the income-tax, which are now completed, I can hardly venture to take its total annual net produce at more than £1,400,000. The license-tax is still a matter of conjecture, but, looking at the fact that with an average payment of 11 rupees per head, which is as much as we should get with three classes at 1,2, and 3 rupees, it would require 7,000,000 of tax-payers, representing 35,000,000 of population, to give us £1,000,000. Ido not think we should get anything like it. The estimate of the authorities of Bengal would not make the license-tax yield above £400,000 for all India. This may be too low, but I believe that £2,000,000 for a full year's net produce of the income and license taxes together is quite the outside of what we could safely reckon upon. Assuming, then, the License Bill to have passed, and Mr. Wilson's finansial measures to have been in fall operation for the year, how should we stand ? The deficit of 1860-61 is £6,678,000 but nearly £700,000 of this is occasioned by payments for compensations on account of the Mutiny, which will not recur; so that the real deficit is in round numbers £6,000,000. Mr. Wilson's new taxes would have given us £2,000,000 in 1861-62, as against £BOO,OOO in 1860-61, or an improvement of about £1,200,000 in revenue; but from this must be deducted about £700,000 for certain windfalls in the shape of the sale of old stores, repayments by native princes, and so forth, received in 1860-61, and which will not be received again in 1861-62. The position, therefore left us by the budget of 1860-61 is simply this—deficit, £6,000,000; less £500,000 improved revenue ' • remaining deficit, £5,500,000. Perhaps some members of Council may have seen a much more favourable statement, which was recently made by the Secretary of State to the British House of Commons. It was stated that whereas Mr. Wilson had estimated the reduction of expenditure in 1860-61 at £1,700,000, and subsequently at £2,500,000, they had turned out in reality to be £3,300,000; so that after saving £3,500,000 in 1859 we had again saved £3,300,000 in 1860, which, with £3,500,000 of new taxes, extinguished our deficit, and made us independent cf loans except to complete our railways. This statement was made in perfect good faith by the Secretary of State, on informa tion which he had a right to rely upon, but unfortunately that information mistook wishesfor facts, and anticipations for realities. There was not a reduction of £3,300,000, as supposed by Sir C. Wood, or even of £1,700,000, as esti • mated by Mr. Wilson, but a positive increase of £213,000 in the total expenditure of 1860.61 over that of 1859 .60. The figures which I read from , the regular estimate, corrected up to last February, show that the total expenditure was £46,417,0 0 0 in 1859-60, and £46,630,000 in 1860-61. Even if we allow £700,000 for the mutiny compensation, the ac tual reduction of 1860.61, compared with 1859-60, will be less than £500,000. The difference arose thus—The reduc tion of expenditure inlndia was over-estimated by£1,500,000, owing to a too sanguine expectation that the recommenda tions of the Military Finance Commission would be carried out in 1860-61. The increase of home expenditure for debt, ra ilways, and army was overlooked. The produce of the new taxes was taken £1,530,000 too high, and it was forgotten that £BOO,OOO of the amount had already been received in 1860-61, and was included in the statement showing the deficit of £6,000,000. No allowance was made for the tem perary nature of some of the receipts of 1860-61, such as the Punjab trade tax and sale of stores. These errors to gether amount to upwards 0f£5,000,000, and just make the difference between the equilibrium announced in England and the deficit of £5,500,000 which is the real result of last year's budget after crediting it with a full year's proceeds of all the new taxes, including the license tax, which is not yet sanctioned. I will not attempt to conceal from you that this was an unsatisfactory result. To find that, after the great effort made last year the income-tax had pro duced less than£l,soo,ooo,that reductions had almost stood still, and that we were approaching a new financial year with our cash balances nearly exhausted, and our expendi ture £5,500,000 a year a-head of our income, was indeed calculated to inspire gloomy apprehensions. Nor were these apprehensions relieved by the aspect of the railway question, which showed at least £20,000,000 to be wanted in the next three years to complete lines of the first necEs sity, for which capital no provision had yet been made,and which the Home Government would probably be compelled to borrow. All idea of help from England for general ex penditure was therefore clearly out of the question, and it was even doubtful whether funds could be provided to save us from the serious disaster of having to suspend railway works which were approaching completion. Well, there yawned the deficit of £5,500,000 wide and deep. There was no chance of craning, no time to look to the right or left, tor the exhausted cash balances, hungry and inexorable, were howling in our rear. To stick the spurs well in and go straight at it was the only plan. Before I ask you to follow me, let me pause for a moment and make one remark. Ihave said that this was no occasion for personal observations, but there is one which I am anxious to make,lest I should be mis understood. I have described a gloomy state of things. I am now going to show you a brighter picture, In making a lengthened statement, it is not always possible to avoid speaking in the first person, and thus appearing to claim for myself individually the credit of acts of the Government. I wish emphatically to repudiate any such claim. In a Govern ment like that of India, it is manifest that the Governor- General must be, for good or evil, the mainspring of all policy. It is not for me to speak of Lord Canning. When a man has filled such a post in such times, his character be longs to. history. But this I may say without indiscretion, that if any one has represented his Excellencey as luke warm and indifferent to the cause of reduction, he is entirely mistaken. From the first time I met him in India down to the present day Lord Canning's language to me has been the same—that he would carry out any practicable amount of reduction rather than inflict any new and oppressive taxes on the people of India. Nor should Ibe doing Justice to my colleagues in the Council if I omitted to state that they have been, one and all, and on all occasions, animated by the teb same t doil p unl eitsryd. sit.ands bi a d ats e mh e edo farn, itamocng oe p s t Ih t a sheo n aw d vm s ne: t o reason that so much could not havebeen done in so short a time if the ground had not ut officers ffiou concerned ce rip errns e ae n nd e dd havesbey their r v doneant s of the St a t e w h o h ave given us anane t ye h nd e b i ala r lliel aid and co• operation, there is one body whose services have been so pre-exinent that I should be wrong not to mention them. I mean the Military Finance Commission, whose members have la boured, often under difficulty and discouragement, with a zeal, an industry, and an intelligence which are indeed beyond praise. It th e future historian of India should have occasion to menti on t h at in the year 1861 India was saved from a great financial danger, that history will be very im • perfectly ant wri ocew t ch te oo n mm i: i ii t nss o ie m oonn it sj and his colleagues, Mr. E. Tee names:untlictioet of Colonel Balfour Nor would 1 willingly omitittoismmmunaet .and Colonel Simpson. owing n e gnhatmh that of we Capt.have the Civil and Mili tary to effect important reductions n ne t co e lle n ct av t y he and tbit m aere a eynn r n ine. I return now , to my figures. de ficit is £6,000,000 and the problem is how to meet it. In my experience of public life Ihave always found this maxim - hold good—that there is no such thing as an art or mys• tory in state craft. The broad principles of common sense which apply to private apply equally to public affairs, and that which is not simple is seldom sound. Well, if a private individual finds that his balance at his banker's is runn i n g dry, and that he is spending beyond his income, what dues he do ? He cuts down his expenditure. This is what we have done. We have reduced our expenditure by £3,600,000. Recollect in 1859 we reduced our expenditure from the war standard by £3,500,000, in 1860 by £500,000, and in 1861 we shall reduce it further by £3,600,000. That is a great result, and I will now explain how we arrive at it. The great reduction is of course in the native army. Here was the greatest excess—here the greatest scope for econo my. In April, 1857, or immediately before the mutiny, it appears from official returns that the total established strength of the Indi an arm y , including Queen's troo p s, was Europeans, 45,522; natives, 266,852. The cost of this army was in round numbers £11,500,000 a year in India, and £1,250,000 in England; but this was below the proper cost, as it was only attained by allowing the effective European force to roman dangerously below its established strength, M. BLONDIN. Yesterday M. Blondin again astonished and ter rified his audience at the Crystal Palace with a repetition and an addition to his performances of Saturday last, The attendance of visitors on this occasion was not nearly so numerous as on his first appearance. The cold and gloomy weather may have had something to do with this, and very pos sibly the rather general fear entertained that M. Blondin must one day fall, perhaps had its in fluence in keeping people away. But we firmly believe that if there is any feeling of apprehen sion entertained on the latter ground it is as ground less as it can well be towards a man who follows such a perilous vocation. Tremendous and really terrible as are some of the feats, Blondin himself looks upon them as mere nothings, and we may also add that he has practised every conceivable method in which he could fall from the rope and catch it with his hands, so that in the event of a real slip, which he considers all but an impossi• bility, he would be perfectly prepared to save him self. It is wish a view to such a possible contin gency that the floor beneath the rope is kept clear, that in case of losing balance he might at once drop his pole. The space is not kept ()lien, as some persons believe, in order that Blondin him self may have a clear fall free of the visitors. Yesterday, in his Indian chief's dress, he went through his usual feats, turning summersaults backwards and forwards, standing on his head and lying on his back, with as much ease and steadi ness as if the field of his operations were as broad as Cheapside . After keeping every one in a tremor while he walked the rope blindfolded and in a sack, pretending to miss his step and staggering and faltering in a way that seemed horrible to look at, he at last retired, and after a short absence reap peared in the dress of chef de cuisine, and with a heavy and rather bulky stove on his back walked down the rope to make and cook an omelette in the centre. While walking, the stove, though large. awkward, and heavy—weighing nearly 501 b.— seemed no manner of hindrance, but getting it off his back and securing it to the rope seemed a dreadfully perilous task. For this purpose he had to lower himself with the utmost care till seated on the rope and then make fast his balance pole. With this secured, he had then to free him self from the stove, and not only to balance himself without the pole, but to balance the stove too. For a time the audience scarcely breathed, as stove, Blondin, and balance pole were all swaying more or less widely from side to side. At last, to the relief of every one, the obdurate cuisine was fixed, and, pole seating himself down coolly, without balance o w r id a e ny d t e h p i th ng b b e u n t ea t t h h e , B ro lo p n e d b in et p w r e e e n n ee h d l e m d s t el e f h and ie cook ing, by first lighting his fire. He then made his omelette, breaking the eggs, and casting the shells away beneath with as much sangfroid as if at an ordinary kitchen dresser. He stood on the rope and tossed his omelette with the dexterity of a profes sional, and, one being cooked, proceeded to make another. When both were ready he took from the inexhaustible stove, which seemed to contain every thing, plates and dishes, and a bottle of wine, and placing them all on a tray, lowered them into the centre transept for the consumption of such visitors as chose to partake of these highly cooked dainties. There was another short anxious interval while Blondin got the stove on his back and resumed his pole, and then, walking quickly back along the rope, took leave of his audience amid loud cheers. On Monday next he crosses the rope with his feet in large baskets. The rope is now being erected for him in the grounds, to pass along the terrace, and through the fountains while playing. =----- " Who goes there ?" said an Irish sentry of the British Legion at St. Sebastian. " A friend," was the 9re ply. "Then stand where you are, for, by the powers, you're the first I've met with in this murtherin' country.chroic [ADVERTISEMENT.] --Medicine alwaysaggravate s e oica Food diseases, but Du Barry's delicious Revalenta We _,._ et a invariably cures them in a very short time. frome'-''' invalids. few out of many thousands of gratitude Cure 36,418. Rev. Dr. Minster of u cramps,.., spasms, and daily vomitings. Cure 26,418. 12_,r a rvey of diarrhcca . n and debility. Cure 39,628. Dr. wur t z er of consumptio pitting of blood, liver de- Cure 46,270. Mr Jamesßoberts, timber-merchant, of Prim ley, of 30 years diseased lung s, o s re No. 47,121. Miss Eliza pNo c o l . , a 4 c 8 u , r 3 e 14 f , rangement, partial deafness.evousness, indigestion, gather ings,beth Jacobs,. of extreme i n e s e . a r L C i u v r e u r low spirits, and netnvcio Miss Elizabetha u t s c a f c au r e e , Yeoman,!' horrors of nervo • • • of sia an d e us irritability 10 years dysep ! Medicines : they invariably aggrav . ate and Avoid Pills anddiseases ; their annoyance, dies • perpetuate be avoided by using D _ ppointment, and expense may u Barry's Food. a few pence Fer day, saves 50 • which, at . times its cost in removing other remedipst effectually, without purging, constipation,. indigest i on (dyspepsia) nervous bilious and r complaints. and all their conse ue ' u • live No. 36,418. IN e find it the safest ci aces. Certificate remedy. Andrew tire, mD., F.R.S., Dr Harvey, Dr. Wurzer, Dr. Shorland, Dr. Dowell. .Let invalids avoid the fearful dangers of spu rious and injuriouc; imitations offered under a variety of false pretences. Nevill's imitations are prohibited by the high Court of Chancery and under hi penalty against Alfred Hoop er N evill a o f L 5 ,000 a g s agents ; and the pretences that Nevill has a patent for Arabica Food and that Du Barry's are connected with such patent are utterly false. No canister is genuine without the name Barry Du Barry and Co., 77, Regent-street, in full, ontheseal and wrapper. Shopkeepers who attempt imposition in one article must expect to be distrusted in all others. Packed in tins 11b. 2s. 9d.; 21b. 4s. 61 ; 51b. lls. ; 121 b. 225. ; 241 b. 40s. The 121 b. and 241 b. oauisters are sent carriage free on receipt of Post-office order by Barry Du Barry and Co., 77, Re , gent-street, London; Fortnum Mason, and Co.; Abbie l 60, Gracechurch-street; 4. Cheapside ; 63 and 150, Ox bard-street; 330 and. 4.51, Strand ; 49 and 60, Bishopsgate street ; Batty 16, I.!'insbury Pavement ; Phillips and Co tea -dealer. - , l'etty, Wood, and Co., King William-street I op ) , ; at 127 FAeli lialhnrn: and all orocers. [AnvEaTisE_SlENT.]—Holloway's P ills.—Every -one has r frequently experienced the sudden personal change from gaiety to gloom. The wind and weather oftentimes receive the blame when a faulty digestion is alone t he cause of the depression. Holloway's Pills can be hon estb re commended for ;regulating a disordered storm ich and improving digestion. The entirelremove tt Le sense of fullness and oppressionafter eating . They - , lean the furred tongue a n d ac t as a w h o l esome stimulan t to the liver, and as a gentle aperient to the bowels; they health fully rouse both b o d y an d m i n d . Holloway's digest ive Pills are the best known antidote for loss of appetite, nausea, flatulency, heartburn, languor, depression, and apathy BO characteristic of chronic derangement of the digesti on. 0 18.' 1012. rdue. e ::8, 3 the liner : Ildn't ag die, E. they Owr ex and loyal ints, tiot, boea, olds, lone, slpi ems, tilde ife of re of Mrs. 'ohm Lple, ,sq., Lire, I __'~i`-