The Sun. — London, England, 1856-08-08 00:00:00

7? /-4 {/ ~j, .1 "/ 144FiEXICAN and SOUTH AMERICAN &E,A .N , COMPANY. Csill LICK IS HEREB Y (it hat the Directors have male a of • One Pound per share on the shares in this Company, and that the sax ne Is to be paid to Nfessrs.Barclay, Bevan, and Co., foraccount of the Directors, on the twenty-eighth day of August next, or at latest a vithin three months from that date, subject in that case to a Paym e nt of Interest at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum, from and after the 28th of August. (Signed) HYDE CLARKE, Secretary. Th &Akers' receipt, with certificate of shares, is to be brought to the C orrepany's Office one clear day, to have the payment endorsed there on . Gracechurch-street, 28th July, 1856. NEW SYSTE3I OF LIFE ASSURANCE. 1 1 RE DIRECTORS of the NATIONAL . ASSURANCE and INVESTMENT ASSOCIA rioN invite atte.h. h en to the New System of Life Assurance exclusivel y adopted by this Association, viz., that of allowing Interest on all Premiums paid, ii 'stead of the remote and uncertain system of Bonuses usually Adopte d. 13 3'1 his plan the Policyholder will secure to himself a constantly incres sing annual income during life, as well as the payment of the stml s ssured to his re presentatives at his death. Tab les of Rates specially adapted to Ihts system of Assurance may be obti .fined at the Office of the Company, 3, Pall-mall East, or for :warded free on application. PETER MORRISON, Managing Director. S r j - --N LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, LONDON. Ilec '" le cled with this Society now will PARTICIPATE TN a r cc o T. trii hredt . i r 1, 7 :4, or 80 per cent., of the Net Profits of the Society, 1 / 4 to th are low( -. , e conditions contained in the Society's Prospectus. _ Mums required by this Society for insuring Young Lives are fa o• than in many other obl-established offices, and Insurers additio, Y protected from all risk by an ample guarantee fund, in premt, an t tso. the accintatlated funds derived from the investments 01 Po% 1 Y stamps Pro' paid by the Office. Load, 'P e ctuses may be obtained at the Office in Threadneedle-street, 1 nr Or of any of the Agents of the Society. CHARLES HENRY LIDDERDALE, Actuary. 1 lIARDIAN FIRE AND LIFE i ASSURANCE COMPANY, No. 11, Lombard-street, London. DIRECTORS. F RANCIS HART DYKE, Esq., Chairman. HENRY HULSE BERENS, Esq., Deputy-Chairman. 4,4 john Dixon, Esq. ~_ Stewart Marjoribanks. Esq. I ..lir W. M. T. Farquhar, Bart . John Martin, ESQ., MX ..Sit Walter R. Farquhar, Brt. Rowland Mitchel!, Esq. ‘""Ell'"ja""--1' ib. ' H J 3-11H o e e h " n n u ry 41 : 6 v N bo i o gn rn rnirtri t e on in ,E sq sq . 141. : James Henry T il t: 1 l R e ynold s ,ch. Esq, t 3(1 . AtTDIToRs. ..i. NY. RobartS, Esq. Henry Sykes Thornton, Egg. I Lewis Lloyd, jun., Esq. John Henry Smith, Esq. George Keys, Esq., Secretary. Samuel Brown, Esq., Actuary. LIFE DEPARTME NT.—Under the provisions of an Act of Par liament, this Company now offers to future insurers Four-fifths of the Profits, with Quinquennial Division, or a Low Rate of Premium Without participation of Profits. The next division of Profits will be declared in June, 1860 , when all participating Policies which shall have subsisted at leant one year at Christmas. 1859, will be allowed to share in the Profits. At the five divisions of Profits made by this Company, the total reversionary Bonuses added to the Policies have exceeded 913,000 . At of ,240 Christmas, 1854, th e Assurances in force amounted to upwards 4,0001. the Income f rom the Life Branch in 1854 was more G uarantee than 200,000/. Capital) and exceeded the Life l a s surance Fund (independent of the , FORE IGN RISKS.— The 70,000/. and West Indi es, the riritish Extra Premiums required for the East Colonies, and the northern parts of the United States of America, have been materially reduced. INVALID L IVES. --Persons who are not in such sound health as would enable them to insure their Lives at the Tabular Premiums, • Hay have their Lives insured at Extra Premiums. LOANS granted on Life Policies to the extent of their values, pro vided such Policies shall have been effected a sufficient time to have attained in each case a value not under 501. ASSIGNMENTS OF POLICIES.—Written Notices of, received and registered. MEDICAL FEES paid by the Company, and no charge will be Made for Policy Stamps. .. FIRE DEPART MENT.—lnsurances e ff ec t e d upon every descrip u of Property, at moderate rates. Losses caused by Exrd° ston of Gas are admitted by thi s C om p an y. ' --- "u m "..ntnerrMOlN John 'Harvey, Esq. Jelin G. Hubbard, Esq. George Johnstone, Esq. John Labouchere, Esq. John Loch, Esq. M I PLAND RAILWAY.—NOTICE IS `IEBERY G4WEN, That t the next HALF-YgALY "DINABY G ENERAL, MEETING of t Proprietors of the A R ID • 'LAND RAILWAY COMPANY will be held at the Station of the s aid Company, at Derby, on WEDNESH • Y, the twentieth day of Iga u n gu't ins tant, at ha'tf-past One o'clock in the afternoon, for the _ ‘action of the gen eral business of the Company. Dated this 6th day of August, 1856. JOHN ELLP4, Chairman. Derby, Awns SAMUEL BEALE, Deputy-Chairman. t 6 th. 1856 BY order. JOSEPH SANDERS, Secretary. L' ONDON- and NORTH-WESTERN i TouDr...,— ... RAILWAY. .na0.4.0 wICKItTS, conssExcixa IST JUNE, AND TERMINATING 30rit 4EPTEMI3ER, 1856. stop NORTH WALES. Tickets T HREEav availabl e ItOtnT at RhYl ' Ccn ivron Bangor, Caernarvon, , and Holyhead, either or retunth ig, for ire issued at th e f o ll ow i ng f ares b y the through To n. The Fi rst-class Tickets are available by any train, and the 0000n s d by such trains as have second-class carriages attached. Londe*let Class. 2d Class. tagolyhead and hack— .• .. £3 10 0 .• •. £2 10 0 Oxford P eterborough] to ditto and back.... 210 0 .... 115 0 IStrrnlnghain to ditto and back...... 2 0 0 •• Wolverha,l 10 0 npton to ditto and back.... 115 0 ...• 1 7 0 To TnE LAKES ow -- OF W ESTVORKLAND AND CUMBERLAND Tickets, available for THREE WEEKS, to the above Lakes, are issued at the following Fares by the through Trains. The First. cl ass Tick ets are av a il able by any train, and the Second by such trains as have s econd-class carriages attached :-- London to let Class. 2d Class. B!ter,,roggh 1 10 0 .... £2 10 0 oxford '''''.windernaere and back. ... £3 ,_ to ditto and back.... •2 15 0 .... 2 0 0 W rnTh 'itharn to ditto and back ..•... 2 5 0 .... 115 0 Olverhampton ........ •• • . ...... 2 0 0 .... 112 0 T- .e 0 TRa FAVOURITE LANCASHIRE WATERING PLACES, L'r T II A./1, BLACKPOOL, FLEETWOOD, OR SOUTHPORT. ..._tkets, available for TIME 2 WEEKS, are issued by the ordinary La_ sof the Company. The First-Class are available by any train, Mg the Second by such as have second-class carriages attaelled. Ist Class. 2d Class. ~ Oxford ........... •• • • Prom London .... •£3 0 0 .... £2 5 0 2 5 0 .... 1 15 0 ~ Peterborough I ~ Birmingham . ll5 0 .... 18 0 _r.. Avolverhamoton } • ' __reoni Fleetwood Royal Mail Steam sails every evening (Snnday Z l .`f Jlted) for Belfast, and Weekly Excursion Tickets are issued at toe Stamm Packet Office for Belfast, Armagh, the Giant's Causeway, Tickets EXCU RSIONS TO THE SEA SIDE. , available for TVVENTY-EIGLIT DAY.i, are issued b the COrdina rytrains of the Company. The First-Class are available y by any train, and the Second by 141 rl such trains as have sec on d- c l ass ear ages att ached, to Harro v rgate, Scarborough, %Yhitby, Filet', or 4111sigton. Second HAR() WO ATE and Back, for each Passenger—First Cl ass , 43 5 . ; R Class, 325. 6d . cl _ SCARF; e cond Class, 365. ROUGH and Back, f or each Passenger—First Class, 51s. ; WHITBY and Back, for each Passenger—First Class, 51s. ; Se cond and Back, for each Passenger —Fir. cond Class, ass. Class, 355. BRIO LIGT.ON and Back, Passenger—First Class, 515.; Second Second Class, 35s.passenger—First Class, 51s. ; for each These Tickets are not transferable,will they be available for the Return Journey unless they have nor endorsed at the Booking e been office plat Station on the day of Passengers to all the abovees e 'returning. . ic.ept Eiarrovvg , 4,0 , are at liberty to break the journey by re • mauling one night at York, either going or returning. krallable for ONE IRISH T OURIST TICKETS, l MONTH, will b e i ssued at the following prices : Fron London Ist Class. 2d Class. . • • .... £6 10 0 .... £5 5 0 5 15 0 .... 4 15 0 ~ Birmingham, Leam—ingt.o.n.,;nd Coventr 5 0 .... 45 0 And fr y...... • ..... ...... Ili ti the other principal stations at proportionate fares. for o ese ti etc (which in no case are transferable) will be available f... one Month from the date of issue. They will enable the Holders LP,'. bliblin t o roProceed to Chester, thence to Bangor, Holyhead, and Dublin, stationunu ten Cork, situate on the picturesque River Lee, and ~ miles of the ' celebrated Harbour, Dockyard, and Naval 1ber,...,"' QUeenstown (Cove) ; from Cork hack to Mallow, and "' .7 the Killarney Junction Railway to the far-famed The T.. LAKES OF KILLARNEY. t angor curist can remain as long as convenient to himself at Chester, bead (for the inspectioe of the Britannia Tubular Bridge), Holy return''Ublin, Cork, and Killarney ; the only condition being, that his tha n ° ti t : te Station at which he tcok his ticket must be not later dupw era M onth front the date of his departure therefrom. GiAis.rs ental Tickets for CONNEMARA, GLENGARIFFE, the al .. Tanager's 0 rtedueed'pea All":AY, and other places of interes', are issued at \ res to Visitors holding " Irish Tourist Tiekets." Oener Mee, Euston Station, June, l 85 g: new description of AR " tr ect, has introd FletALTEt.rn uced an entirely so or ligatures. 14 is ROWARD, Surgeon-Dentist,. 52, Fleet. perfect' , fixed without springs, wires. ~,.., sh e d from Y re.semble the natural teeth as not to be "''''' the original by tbheefoculons: observer; theY decay, and will teeth ever before used. This method does not r eirry superior extraction toanyof roots, or any painful e the teth that are loose, teeth operation, and will Support guaranteed to restore articulation and n . never change colour or and preserve astication. Decayed . At rendered sound and home frora ten tiii five. 111 Mastication.-52, Fleet IF you are Bald, or -street. , pray use e your Hair which causes th Tr A•LE2/. lI OS'S C A.NTI D —alr to grow on bald 1 lARI E' t Whiskers and Mous ') aces, produces luxurian hority, and is most t achlos •it h been • 18 Thin , as approved of by the highest ant beneficial in all cases of thin hal Sold from Se Es for stamps, sent free, twelve mi.. ALEX. ROSS'S CHARH ek— Dyellg the Hair permanentelqta light brown, dark brown, or b d la . The Whiskers front 1 ladies' from 7si. 6 a 8, gentlemen's hair from 58.,6d. ; forwarded for Ye being a clear liquid it is to damp simply necessary a comb or brush, whe produced without Injury the skin. Sold ' frothn a perfect colour is 54 stamps. HAIR DE s . ri , 0 ,r...._, 3s. 4d.; sent free for • effectually Superfluous Hair from 4" ~ a depilatory for rernov ng -- ing the the hair with to Ms, and Han , skin C . it`" Pae, Neck, 4,r ds • will warrant t t t i • the skin in the smtl d . t degree, and ‘._ no o njure A Sold from 3s. .. forNvar4fed r st " 1 a r to see entirely desfroye.... A Ross, No. I , without ur s Little Queen-str 4r4Ps ' fr ee by Post; reef ' Illgh Holborn. eight extra. A. it "NY AND IMPORTANT D ISCOVERY IN Patent Office Seal of Gre" MEDICINE. ' I de Pharmacie Pharinacien de P at Britain. Diplome d Eco e THE SCIENCE TRIE iE KAI/ No, 1, 2, d form of a lozenge aris• IMperial College of Medicine, Vienna. , Prepared in the devoid of taste or smell, anadnes Sold in tin cases, divided into n be carried in the administered by yalpeau, Lallernand, Roux, Eice a r ,, ePa a c te s e t l e oses, as TRIESEMAR No. 1 is for RE LAXATION, • `'PERIVATORn .. waistcoat pocket --- ..4 9 C . E4 Remedyand all the distressing cOnseqUenees arising frne , • ----- early abuse, Ind' c ' I and all the or too distressing consequss arising from ealy abus indiscrimlijate excesses, or too long residence in hot climates. It has restored bodily strength and vigour to thousands of lehilitated individuals who and now in the enjoyment of health and the F unctions of Manhood; and whatever may be the cause for Dlf.los, -s,,AL IFICATIONS for MAlti kIAGE, they are effectually subdued by this Wonderful Discovery and sexual TRIESDMAR No. 11.. effectually, in the short space of three days, completely and entirely eradicates all traces of Conorrhcea, both in its mild and aggravated orms, Gleets, Strictures, Irritation of the Bladder, Non-retention o h 'Urine, Pains of the Loins and Kidneys and those disorders whie Copaivi and Cubebe have so long been thought an antidote for, to the ruin of the health of a vast portion or the population. M.N. WIMIII.O TRIE';EMAR No. 111., is the great Continental Remedy for Syphilis and Secondary Symp toms. It also constitutes a certain cure for Scurvy, Scrofula. and all Cutaneous Eruptions, removing and expelling in its course all corrup tions and hnpurl ties from the vital stream, as altogether to eradicate the virus of disease, and ex through the medium of the pores of the akin and urine, and is a pell it with the insensible perspiration never -failing remedy for that clan of dl order which unfortunately the English Physician treats with Mer ry tosthe inevitable destruc tion of the patient's constitution, andewu which all the sarsaparilla in the world cannot restore. Price 1 I s., or four cases o se for 335„ which saves Ils., and in Si. cases, whereby there is a savin Col2s, To be had wit lesale and retail in London, of on, 68, ~ • ..ornhill ; Hannay and Co., 63, Ox ford -street ; Sanger, 150, Oxford -street ; It. H. Ingbatn, druggist, 46, Market -street, Manchester; H. Bradbury, bookseller, Bolton ; J. Priestly, chemist, 51, Lord.street, Liverpool ; Powell, b ookseller, 15, Westmoreland-Street, Dabuh ;-winniuj, hpolweJler, Deansgate, ,3/411-1tr0ct,84M1444 ! - IL E ENGLISH LAKES.—The ROLLINS " T Avo an d LOATHER HOTEL , GRAS MERE.—This beautiful and ante resort of Tourists and Visitors to the Lake District is now 4 open i for the a ccommodation of the public. II lbw ce 4° T, ab ove hou se and Establishment will be found worthy o f , being conducted on economical principles, and in the centre Lake District ; the views from which cannot be equalled. i yl io 3 lountains behind the house may be ascended through the pi oQ ta/iOra belonging to the Proprietor, in about twenty minutes lh 40 1 ' :hence may also be seen Nine different Lakes and 'tarns, as also ~MO 3t of the notable Mountains in the locality, with Morecombe 11 " 9in the distance, which most of the guide books have omitted to Re Attic', 3. and. r de m ust en at are is f new is per rates 3. e. 17 0 19 0 .18 .18 6 .17 0 .18 9 ,17 3 .18 3 much stooks atea of to-day. I, 10E -Leeds. today 41 5/ -" m, 031 ost•off • wbeA due :at land. reeklT 'wk.. nlO I,ncertgin c 0 me. d 19th t. 21 010 6th re. ;7 firth. 16th rncettso 6th of $ 0 zr t th & 2 1 s and 16 and 19 and 9 and 2 4 _, 'vice do, , 7, 44,9" I and 1 6 )aIJ7 st ut 01 0 )aily 6th and 210 a 29 0 and 16 L. 15, 21,0 th and 21 let and 16 I week], st & 16° ffeek7 t a 1610 nontbly I and 16„, grit, be q: itched Ow toning there 1 0 " held At 29th ao' t be au , assure ( !' pOrt i ; genet* ner 0131 i averse ire. found it 1001., ly a po le to the be corgi: so mo°, v R-dO A Re 'tie' ve fro m r regolEr iduwe 0' 6 penFic ° receiving nere dur asioner gi ncludigg 3 500ii5ti T BA* years 0 raile 7ll l , s t a tiev, , vas been O r Che arta ° lolly vt l : 41, 0 ver" , ;era' 0 , 1) , yes; tu" 2 a rosl not Y l , )1C 3 Cro ll • 13/ up nl4 ineal ) " the d g ; Items 0 ' as foil" .... 0n30 41/ ' , 440 06 Morris' tare, O . anil s " 03 ' Gro. 2 DO i li a f 1 1 4" rIG ° P 1111036 504 ., of Tucker, r Blair, 9th ollse, the ehP kuPres° er, ate 04101. w ir e of ged 8 , go. ova 4 ., 3,„...„.. „.,... tion. N o . 20,011.) VrR. ALBERT SMITh'S MONT BLANC, T TO-NIGHT, and EVERY EVENING (except Saturday) At S o'clock, and Tuesday, Tlursday, and saturday Mornings at I. stalls, Is. ; area, 2s. ; gallery, 18.—Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly. OYAL SURREY GARDENS.-COLOSSAL JIM MUSIC HALL.—THIS EVENING, JULLIEN'ti CON CERTS.—Madame Rudersdorr—Zovave Clarions of the Imperial Guards—Zouave Quadrille—Danson's Modelled Pictures of Constan tinople and the Alps—Fairy Caverns—Turkish Kiosk and Illuminated Terrace—Dioramic Views by Phillips—Novelly Illuminated Walks - - Magnificent Pyrotechnic Disp ay and Emblematic Tableau. Con• cert at Seven. Fireworks at a Quarter past Ten. On WEDNESDAY next, August 13, MENDELSSOHN NIGHT and on SATURDAY, August 23, a GRAND MORNING CONCERT. Concert at 2. Admission Is. THE ZOUAVES.-ROYAL SURREY GAROEN4.—The pubic is informed that the ZOUAVES, from the 2d Regiment of the Imperial Guard, will appear EVERY NIGHT for a month only, the rervaissitn from the French authorities expiring positively on the sth September next. 6th August, 1856. WILLIANI ELLIS, Secretary. ROYAL SURREY GARDENS.—The London General Omnibus Company will run Omnibuses from Kingsland Gate and llighbury Station to the Royal Surrey Gardens, at half--past 5 o'clock daily, returning from the Gardens as soon as the amusements are over. Fare to or from the Gardens, 6d. each. 9 R. KAHN'S ANATOMICAL " MUSEUM, 4, Coventry-street, Leicester-square. —Open (for Gentlemen nly) from 10 till 10, containing upwards of one thousand models ad preparations, illustrating every part of the human frame in ealth and disease, the race of men, &c. Lectures delivered at 12, and half-past 7, by Dr. G. SEXTON, F.R.G.S. ; and a new and •ighly-interesting series of Lectures is now in course of delivery iy Dr. KAHN, at 4 p.m. precisely. Admission, One 4hililng. LIST THREE WEEKS IN LONDON. IiTR. W. S. WOODIN'S OLIO of ODDITIES. fr TO-NIGPIT and every evening, at B.—The above entertain. ment has received novel additions. Vocal and Visual, including a New I.oco-Joko-motive Lyric, entitled OFF BY THB TRAIN, illustrated b namerous changes, facial, lingual, and cornoreal. Mr. W. S. Woodin s Mrs. Florence, in the " Yankee Girl," with the songs of " Bobbing 'around," and " Polly, won't you try me, oh l"—Polygraphic-hall, Ring William-street, Charing-cross. CANTERBURY HALL, Westminster-road. —OPEN F VERY EVENING.—The celebrated HUNGA , ;lAN BAND. under the direction of Herr KALOZDY, will perform :very E vening at 9 and 11 o'clock, in addition to the usual Vocal vatertainment The following company of talented Vocalists are permanently engaged far ,he performance of Selections from all the ~ ' opular Operas, Malrigals, Choruses, Duets, &c., viz. :—Mrs. J. `aulfleld, Miss Brunel, Miss Sommers, and Miss Pearse; Sam Cowell, Mr. J. Caulfield, Herr F.• Jonghmans S. Jones, T. Farrant, W. %telling, Barker, Russell Grover, and P. Corrie ; Masters E. Con- TB, /swain, aid Bennett, and Mr. T. Mackney. Pianoforte, Mr. 7. Harroway, LA. , harmonium, J. Caulfield, jun. ; director, Mr. J. Caulfield. Commence at seven o'clock precisely. Suppers, &c , until twelve o'clock. PUBLICATIONS. NEW NOVEL Rt MRS. TROLLOPE. Just ready, in 3 vols., FASHIONABLE LIFE; or, Pali. and London. By Mrs. TROLLOiE. Hurst and Blackett, Publishers, successors to Henry Colburn, 13, Great Marlborough-street. NEW WORKS PIIILISHED BY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS. PROFESSOR AYTOUN'S NEW POEM. This day is published. 0 T H W A POEM. E L L - By W. EDMONDSTOUNE AYTOUN, D.C.L. ' Author of " Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers," &c. In One Volume, Octavo, price 12s , handsomely bound in gilt cloth, 2: PROFESSOR WILSON'S WORKS. This day is published, Vol. 1., price 0., of ESSAYS, CRITICAL and IMAGINATIVE. Contributed to " Blackwood's Magazine" By PROFES.OR WILSON, Being Vol. V. of the Uniform Edition of his Works. Exited by PRO FESSOR FERRIER. CONTENTS. Streams—Meg Dode's Cookery—There is Death in the Pot—Gym nastics—Cruikshank on Time Health and Longevity— On Early Rising—Old North and Young North ; or, Christopher in Edinburgh and Christopher in London—The Man of Ton : a Satire-1 he Lovea of the Poets—Education of the People The Young Lady's Book— Days Departed; or, Banwell Hill—Wordsworth. PROFESSOR WILSON'S N. OCTES AMBROSIANA . In Four Volumes, with Glossary and Index, price 245. A NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION. This day is published, T HE PHYSICAL ATLAS OF NATURAL PHENOMENA. By ALEX. KEITH JOHNSTON, F.R.S.E., &e. Consisting of Thirty-five large and Seven smaller Plates, printed in Colours; and one hundred and forty-five pages of Letterpress, with Index containing upwards of 16,000 References. Complete in One Vol imperial folio, half-bound is morocco, price 12/. 12s. A Pros pectus of this Edition, with List of Maps, sold separately, may be had of the principal bOO% sellers. - • " There is no map in this noble Atlas upon which we might not be tempted to write largely. Almost every one suggests a volume of reflection, a ,, cl suggests it by presenting, in a few hours, accurate truths which It would be the labour of a volume to enforce in words, and by imprinting them, at the same time, upon the memory with such distinctness that their outlines are not likely afterwards to be effaced."—Examiner. i. T H SK E T C H E R. By the Rev. JOHN EAGLES, M.A., Oxon. Originally published in Blackwood's Magazine. Bvo, 10s. 6d. 6. CHEAP EDITION. 'LADY LEE'S WIDOWHOOD, By Lieut.-Colonel HAMLET. A New Edition, complete in One Volume, with Engravings. 6s. 7. T HE HISTORY of GREECE under OTHO MAN and VENETIAN DOMINATION. By GF:ORGE FINLAY. Esq., LL.D., Author of " Greece unler the Romans," " History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires," &c. tiro., price 10s. 6d. LEMENTARY ARITHMETIC. By EDWARD SANG, Author of "Life Assurance and Annuity Tables;" " A New General Theory of the Teeth of Wheels," &c. In post Bvo., price 55., This Treatise is intended to supply the great desideratum of an intellectual instead of a routine course of instruction in arithmetic. . 4S, George-street, Edinburgh ; 37, Paternoster-row, London. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT. Price On. , Shilling, SPEECH in FAVOUR of an INQUIRY b y a SELECT COMMITTEE into the EXPEDIENCY of MAIN TAINING CAPITAL PUNISHMENT, House of Commons, 1856. By WILLIAM EWART, Esq., M.P. James Ridgway, Piccadilly, and all booksellers. This day published, price, 3s. MEMOIRS OF BARRY LYNDON. By W. M. THA.CKERAY. Bradbury and Evans, 11, Briuverie-street. This day published, price ls. 6d., ALEGEND OF THE RHINE - -REBECCA AND ROWENA. By W. M. TIIACKIRAY. Bradbury and Evans, 11, Bouvcrie-street. This day published; price Is., ALITTLE DINNER AT TIMMINS'S ;- THE BEDFORD ROW CONSPIRACY. By w, TRACKERAY. Bradbury and Evans, 11, Bouverie-street. Also just published, By W. M. THACKERAY. BALLADS. Price 18. 6d. riIHE SNOB PAPERS. By W. M. TRACK & ERAY. Price 2s. MAJOR GAHAGAN. By W. M. THACK ERAY. Price is. THE FATAL BOOTS ;-COX'S DIARY. By W. M. THACKERAY. Price is. MILE YELLOWPLUSH MEMOIRS ; .11 JE 4 MES'S DIARY. By W. M. THACKERAY. Price 28. SKETCHES AND TRAVELS IN LONDON. kj By W. M. THACKERAY. Price 2s. . 1%) OVELS BY EMINENT HANDS ;-CHA LN BACTER SKETCHES. By W. di. THACKEBAY. Price Is. 6d, The above also form the first 3 volumes, price 6s. each, of Mr. Thackeray's " Miscellanies." Bradbury and Evans, 11, Bouverie-street. • POST OFFICE DIRECTORY of DEVON SHIRE and CORNWALL, Now Publishing, price 21s. Also may be had, Directories of the following Counties : —Cam bridge, Norfolk, and Suffolk ; Warwickshire, Worcestershire, and Staffordshire; Bedford , hire, Buckingham. hire, H un tingdonshire, Berkshire, Northamptonshire, and Oxfordshire ; the Town and Neighbourhood of Shefffel 1 ; Essex, Hertfordihire, Kent, Middlesex, Surrey, and Sussex; Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire, and Ratlandshire ; v'ampsh re, Do setskire, and 'Wiltshire ; Lin colnshire; Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, and Shropshire, with the Cities of Bath and Bristol. KELLY & Co., 19, 20, and 21, Old Boswell-court, St. Clement's, Strand ; and all Booksellers. Now ready, with Map, price 35., T HE EUPHRATES VALLEY ' ROUTE TO INDIA. By a TRAVELLER. Dedicated to W. P. Andrew, Esq., Chairman of the Scinde and , . Euphrates Railway Companies. "After the very able work of Mr. W. P. Andrew, in advocacy of the Euphrates Route to India, any further publication of opinions in support thereof might almost have been considered an act of supere rogation, but we have much pleasure in noticing an anonymous writer, whose views give lull corroboration to those recently enunci ated by Mr. Andrew. 'f he object of the writer, 'who has evidently given great attention to i he subject, and possesses a vast knowledge of the requirements or India. is to prove the practicability of the opinions set forth by General Chesney for the junction of the Medi terranean and the Persian Gulf via the valley of the river Euphrates." —Observer. London : Edwar3 Stanford, 6, Charing-cross ; and all Booksellers. The Third Edition. Just Publi shed, price 55., by post, free, ss. 6d. ON TRUE & FALSE SPERM.A.TORRHCE.A, with the View of distinguishing the Imaginary from the Heal sufferers under this disease, and Correcting of wide-spread Errors in relation to their Treatment and Cure. Translated from the German of Dr. PICKFORD. " Dr. Pickioro is known to English readers by his frequent practi• sat contributions to German medical literature. This is the first time, he informs as, that ho has addressed himself to the non-medi• sal reader. We trust this may not be the last, if he shall detect an 3 flagrant evil which i t may be in his power to cor -I:act.ther equally„—ond on Medical Gazette. "Thotribeof Quiet Sympathisers,' ~nd 'Medical Friends,' are mercilessly exposed, and if this book could find its way into the hands of those who sailer from the com• ,laint of which it treats, wo are satisfied that many hundreds woule as saved much needless suffering of body and mind, and what is o as importance, though it is that whi c h the quacks most prise— much money ......This volume is well qualified to put an end to tht mpirical system of treating Spermatorrheea, and to place the treat. ment upon a more rational and physiological basis. It is, therefore, likely to do much good."—Medical Circular. law 1911; H. lislilote• 319 . Resont-etreet. ' • ' . , 4 -- 7. 7xx 7.. '• ge t:lol.lAritl 4 • ( Iv ' Ai rookii v ikthi,Q 1 ,4 . • 4. '• • ~• • ".• • . . c ." - - • ' • /1 / ' • .••• gr- • ib I ,o*to • 4 , :* • . 4t• ,;., N. r' • LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST t, 1856. BRITISH ASSOCIATION .FOR TILE AD- VANCEME4T OF SCIENCE. CHELTENHAM, AUG. 7. The first general assembly of the members was held in the Great Hall of Studies at Cheltenham College, at eight (,'clock last evening, when about 8 , 10 persons were present. The chair was taken by the Duke of Argyll, and among those present were Dr. Daubeney, the President elect ; Earl Ducie, Lord Wrottesley, Lord Stanley, Mr. E. Hol- land, M.P., Mr. Hadfield, M.P., I►Lr. Tite, M.P., Sir R. J. Murchison, Col. Sir H. C. Rawlinson, the Master of the Mint, General Sir George Pollock, Professor Sedgwick, air W. Snow Harris, Professor Phillips, &c. The Duchess of Argyll, and a great number of ladies were also present. The Duke of ARGYLL, on taking the chair, observed that a very light and simple duty devolved upon him—that of resigning his seat to one far better entitled to fill it. He could say with sincerity that he.would cherish with feel- ings of grateful pride the recollection of the honour which the British Association had done him by electing him their President at the Glasgow meeting. It would be pre sumptuous in him to say one word about the distinguished gentleman who was to follow him in the presidential chair. He would say,• however, that whpn the association was not so high in the public favour as at present, and wheh its members were ridiculed as peripatetic philosophers, Dr. Daubeny was one of the men of name and mark in the scientific world, who came forward to give it a helping hand. The noble duke then resigned his seat to the new president, who delivered his inaugural address. This morning the business of the sections commenced at 11 o'clock, as follows : SECTION A.—MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCE. Rev. R. Walker, F.R.S., presided in this section, and the following papers were read : . ProfessorPoreell—on .'"-- Pisafeisser Stokes—Report on formation of catalogue of philosophical memoirs. Professor Hennessey —On Isothermal lines. Wildman Whitehouse—On an instrument for determin , ing the value of intermittent or alternating electric cur rents for telegraphic purposes. • J. Nasmyth—On the form of lightning. Professor Piazzi Smyth—On the constancy of Solar real ation. Professor Stevelly—A new method of treating the doe trine of parallel lines. SECTION B.—CHEMICAL SCIENCE; Mr. B. C. Brodie, F.R.S., presided, and the papers read were as follows : R. W. Pearson, Manchester—On the Compounds of Chromium and Bismuth. John Horsley, Cheltenham—On the Conversion of Tan nin into Gallic Acid. Dr. Augustus Voelcker—On the Corrosive Action of Smoke on Building Stones. Dr. Gladstone, F.R.S.—Notes on Nitroglycerine. SECTION C.—GEOLOGY. President—Professor A. C. Ramsay, F.R.S. The papers read were by— Professor Owen, F.R.S.—On a Fossil Mamma (Stereog nathus ooliticus) from the Stoneafield Slate. Professor Owen, F.R.S.—On the Dichodon cuspidatus from the Upper Eocene of the Isle of Wight and Hordwell, Hants. Professor Owen, F.R.S.—Additional Evidence of the Fossil Musk•ox (Bubalus ditosdatus) from the Wiltshire Drift. T. Wright, M.D., F.R.S.E.—On the Stratigraphical Distribution of the Oolitic Echinodermata. Professor Harkness, F.R.S.—On the Lignites of the Giant's Causeway and the Isle of Mull. H. C. Sorby, F.G.S.— On the Magnesian Limestone having been produced by the metamorphism of an ordi• nary calcareous deposit. SECTION D. ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, INCLUDING PHYSIOLOGY. Mr. Thomas Bell, F.R.S., presided, and papers were read by James Samnelson—Experiments and observations on he development of infusorial animalcules. Dr. Williams—Continuation of Report on the British Annelides. Robert McAndrew—Report on the Physical Conditions affecting the distribution of the Molusca in the North-East Atlantic and neighbouring Seas. Professor James Buckman—Notes on experiments in the Botanical Garden of the Royal Agricultural College. Professor Henfrey—On the Development of the Embryo of Flowering Plants. SECTION E.—GEOGRAPHY AND ETHNOLOGY. Colonel Sir •H. C. Rawlinson, F.R.S., presided, and papers were re - ad by E. Vivian, F.G.S.—The first traces of human art in Kent's Cavern, Torquay, especially flint knives and arrow heads beneath the stalagmitic floor. James Nasmyth, C.E.—On the plastic origin of the cuneform character and its relation to our own alphabet. SECTION F.—ECONOMIO SCIENCE AND STATISTICS. Lord STANLEY presided in this section, and, upon taking the chair at 11 o'clock, addressed the members as follows : --I believe it will be my duty to open the proceedings of this section by a few words relative to the purpose of our meeting, and I must begin by observing that the remarks which follow were prepared before the passing of that re solution yesterday, which has enlarged the scope of our duties, so as to include, in addition to statistics, properly so called, economic science in general. It is needless in this presence to define at any length the nature or the objectof statistical science. The axiom on which that science is based may be stated thus—that the laws by which nature is governed, and more especially those laws which operate on the moral and physical condition of the human race, are constant, and are in all cases best discover. able ; in some cases only discernable by the investiga tion and comparison of phenomena extending over a very large number of individual influences. In dealing with the individual human being everything is uncertainty ; in deal ing with man in the aggregate results may be calculated with the precision and accuracy of a mathematical pro blem. To take a familiar instance—the length of a sin gle life can never be known beforehand, but by the accu rate keeping of returns the aggregate length of 10,000 o 100,000 lives 'is easily ascertained ; this aggregate length, the conditions of life being generally the same, approxi mates to a constant quantity, however often the experiment be repeated, and from that quantity thus obtained we de duce an average, which, as the experience of every insur ance office shows, is near enough to the truth for ordinary purposes of calculation. Accidental diversities, whether of internal constitution or of external circumstances, tend to neutralise one another ; their influence diminishes as the area of investigation increases, until, if that area be suffi ciently extended, we are justified in disregarding them al- I together, and admitting as approximately, if not as abso lutely true, the general inference to which our successive trials point. I will not lead you into those strange and startling conclusions to which Quetelch has come when comparing some of the averages obtained with one another, and representing them in mathemtical form, he finds in the laws thus discovered a close resemblance to, perhaps, an actual identity, with those which operate in physics—as, for instance, when he lays it down that the obstacles which oppose the increase of population act in a manner exactly the same as does the resistance of a medium in which a body moves to the motion of that body. Wide as is the field of thought which such a suggestion opens, it must probably be for many years premature to enter it ; the laws as yet made known to us by statistical research are too few to allow of generalisation relative to their mu tual interconnezion. Enough to cite the dictum of Quete let confirmatory of what has been said above. " All ob servation tends to confirm the truth of this proposition, that that which concerns the human race collectively is of the order of physical facts; the greater the number of individuals, the more completely does the will of individuals disappear ; and, allow the series of general facts which depend upon th e causes by w hi c h soc i e t y exists and is preserved to predominate, we must admit that, on submitting to careful experiment organised bodies and the social system, we are unable to say on which side causes act in their effects with the greatest regularity.' This, then, is the first characteristic of statistics as a science—that it proceeds wholly by the accumulation and comparison of registered. facts; that from these facts alone, properly classified, it seeks to deduce general principles, and that it rejects all a priori reasoning, employing hy pothesis if at all only in a tentative manner, and subject to future verification. It starts from the assure-`l,x veri fi many trials, th a t h uman action, fluctuating as re gards the human unit, is approximately invariable as re gards the masses which make up society. Bat there is another aspect in which it may be considered. As a rule, the degree of certainty whi c h a tt en d s any science is ex actly proportioned to the extent to which such science ad mits of the application of numbers. We kno w what has been done in chemistry by the discovery of a single nume- ' rical law—the theory of definite proportions—turning by one stroke into a science what was before little more than a collection of important but detailed observations. And what we aim at in statistics is to substitute for vague phrases, intended to express certain qualities, arithmetical formulae, by which the same idea may be conveyed with a precision to which language alone can attain. For instance, the uneducated man, speaking of a climateor a season of t h e y e ar, will say only that it is warm, hot, or very hot. The statistician registers the temperature of each day, strikes an average, and gives his result in numerical figures, extending it may be over a period of several years, and calculated accordingly with the most absolute accu racy of which human investigation is capable. Again, the traveller, in describing a nation which he has visited, writes that offences of violence are exceedingly common, probably more so than in any other country. The statisti cian crbtaillll returns of couicti9wl, diatDgviphing the ferent classes of crime, ascertains the percentage of mur lers or assaults per head on the total population, allows of the probable amount of undetected criminality, and finally compares those results with others similarly obtained in ether parts of the world. When, therefore, in discussing social questions we apply the statistical test, we are really doing nothing more than appealing from imagination to fact, from a conjecture to certainty, from an imperfect to a perfect method of observation. In the principle, strictly peaking, there is no novelty. Every sensible and observ ing man who has lived in a civilised state of society has been to some extent a statistician. The novelty consists, drat, in the greater accuracy with which and the enlarged scale on which facts can be collected in modern Europe ; l and, secondly, in the practical application of that theory ' which to philosophers must, from the analogy of inanimate nature, have always appeared probable; the theory, viz,, that organised beings, taken in the aggregate, are governed in their acts by determinate and discoverable laws. It is obvious that in a science of this kind, unlike many which have occupied the attention of mankind, little room is left fir imagination, and as little for error. On the first ground this study is unattractive, even to many who appreciate its value on the eminently and necessarily progressive. " Hyptolleses non fingo," those memorable words of New , ton's, should be written over the door of every statistical society in Europe; nor is there any branch of mental exer tion so calculated to promote a cosmopolitan habit of thought and feeling. Aran is the object studied, and man io studied is seen to many in different countries only in consequence of discoverable influencing causes —such as race, climate, food, laws, modes of life, &c. However great, therefore, the external differences between branches of the haman family, the tendency of sociology is to elimi nate these differences one by one, to refer each of them to its specific origin,and thus finally to bring to light theessential unity of type stbidiuriclesaG . thessisail. I would also obseive that, as an experimental science, the progress of statistics is not liable to those delays which impede the advance of many other branches of knowledge, whereas in maths• matics the work to be done is transacted necessarily and exclusively in the mind of the discoverer. Where the quantity and not the quality of ;the intellect brought to bear is all-important great advances are rare, for the plain reason that they can only be made by men of extraordis nary capacities. No number of ordinary proficients in mathematics working jointly can make up for the absence or supply tho place of one Newton. But, though not one man in 10,000 can be distinguished as an analyst or a geo meter, the number is far larger of those who possess the mental requisites for statistical investigation, at ,least in its simple forms ; and, without disparaging the remark able talent for arrangement and generalisation evinced by such men as Quetelet and by some of our own countrymen whom I will not here mention, it may be safely affirmed that the extension of statistical inquiry depends less on the appearance among us of any one mind more than coins mon power than on the sustained and co-operative indus try encouraged by the state of many minds turned to this pursuit, and each taking a separate and distinct apartment in which to labour. It is almost superfluous to point out the sources of those errors which most beset statisticians ; they may, I think, be reduced under two heads—first, cal culation of near results from an insufficient number of data —a fault from the effects of which, in finances, many pro vident societies are suffering grievously ; and secondly, calculation of near results without sufficient care being taken to eliminate disturbing causes, whether this omis sion arises out of the classing together of phenomena essen tially distinct and referable to separate laws, or from omitting to make allowance for imperfections in the data g., as though one engaged on criminal statis tics were to assume that all offences committed were actu ally brought to light, overlooking those in which no detec tion follows, and consequently iu which no trial takes place. Neither of the sources of error which I have mon- tioned aro difficult to avoid. The one danger against all physical science, but in no science more than this of which we treat, is suspension of judgment necessary. I mean by the phrase that temper of mind which says "I never believe or disbelieve evidence is wanting to do either. I only wait, and hold myself free from bias until further facts are adduced." How easy this is in theory, how hard and painful in practice, need not be told to any one who has given time and thought and toil to the proof or dis proof of a scientific hypothesis. Time would not allow me even to attempt the most rapid and hasty survey of what has been done, and what yet needs doing in the way of sta tistical research. Generally I think we may say this of the progress of science in England, that what defects remain arise principally from causes beyond the controul of indi viduals. Statistics are the function of a State in a sense iu which no other science is so. The details of population, of employment, of instruction, of religious worship, of commerce, and of health, are already recorded in official publications. Those of agricultural production we may hope will shortly follow. (Hear, hear.) The branch which I principally note as deficient is that which relates to civil and criminal judicature. (Hear, hear.) Lord Broug ham has brought this subject before the House of Lords, and even embodied in a bill the data on which informa- tion is needed. We require a regular and uniform record to be kept of every fact connected with the administration of the law. (Hear.) Wo require to know, in civil pro ceedings especially, the number and nature of suits that go to each court, the length of time occupied in their decision, the nature of that decision, and the cost to the parties. Our criminal returns might be fuller than they are. They gave us at present absolutely no information respecting that vast class of offences (of late much increased) which are dealt with under summary jurisdiction. It is not wise in any country to copy servilely the practices of another; local differences may create and necessitate diversity of proce dure ; but I may refer to tho annual reports (two yearly vo lumes) of the Minister of Justice in France, as a sample of an almost perfect arrangement of complicated statistical de tails. Ono result of that publication is to show a vast local difference between department and department in the na ture and amount of crime. It is that when such a differ ence is shown by the lapse of a sufficient period to be chro nic, and not merely casual, the Government whose atten tion is thus invited must feel itself bound to investigate the source of the evil, and, if possible, provide a cure. (Hear.) In fact, an Executive regularly supplied with such knowledge may be said to have its finger on the pulse of every province, ready at the first symptom of disease to intervene with a requisite remedy. (Hear.) There is another suggestion which I may make, and which indeed connects itself with this last. I allude to the advantage—l might almost say the necessity—of establishing a statistical de partment of Government charged with the annual publi cation of such facts relative to the management of national affairs as are reducible to numerical expression. We have statistics enough presented to Parliament every session, but they are, in the great majority of cases, called for by individuals. They are drawn out to suit the particular purpose of those who move for them ; they aro accordingly deficient in unity, and often of no use beyond the moment. Now I speak from some personal observation when I say, that at a cost hardly greater than that of these desultory fragmentary isolated returns (which have in addition the inconvenience, coming as they do at unexpected times, add without any regularity, of throwing a sudden increase of work on particular officers) it would be possible to pre sent to the nation such a yearly resume of administrative statistics as should to a very great degree supersede the present system (if system it can be called) of moving for returns as and when they are wanted. I have said that I think a statistical department desirable instead of a statis tical branch in every d epartm en t, because the former method gives better security for unity of plan, and because the work will be bestidone by those whose sole and undivided business it is. I have not referred to the meetings of the Interna tional Congress of Brussels and Paris, bcause, on such a subject, I could offer no remark that would not naturally occur to those whom I address. Such meetings have a two fold v a lue ; first, they extend the field of statistical re search, and we have seen that accuracy of result varies di rectly as the magnitude of the area of investigation ; 2dly, they form a new link between nation and nation, because, though speech differs, arithmetical notation is the same everywhere. In proportion, therefore, as numerical is substituted for descriptive statement we approach nearer to that otherwise impracticable dream of philosophers—an universal language. There is, I believe I may state, a probability of the congress of 1857 being held in London, an expectation which seems both natural and reasonable, inasmuch, as has been averred in public and not denied, that the first design of holding such international meets ings was suggested by the analogy of the Hyde Park Exhi bition of 1851. Should the event I allude to take place it will become the duty of all concerned in statistical science to see that such an opportunity does not pass unimproved ; so that 1858 may find us with a thorough organised system for the annual collection and publication of national facts, assimilated, if possible, to the system of France and Bel gium. For it must be borne in mind that the objects to be arrived at are two—one, the adoption of a method as perfect in itself as possible ; the other, an assimilation of that method to those which prevail elsewhere, so that nations may mutually profit by each other's experience. As a proof how much such comparing of notes is required, I may remind you that the census of Ireland and Scotland was taken in a manner different from that of England, while no attempt has ever been made to bring the entire British empire, including India and the colonies, under a single statistical organisation. (Hear.) The consitution of such a statistical department as we require is matter of fair discussion at the approaching congress. Probably the most effective combination of working t a l en t wou ld he that obtained by the appointment of a commission or board to preside over the issuing of official publications, partly composed of scientific men, pa r tl y o f members of the permanent or Parliamentary Administration (the former preferable as having more leisure), who would bring in the necessary elements of a knowledge of official customs. This is, I believe, the system actually existing in Belgium. In Prussia there is a Minister at the head of the statistical de partment, but those who wish to find the question more fully discussed will find information in a valuable report by Dr. Farr to the Register-General, dated Oct., 1855. I wish also to point out to the association the advantage of such a communication between the Home Government and the leading British colonies in reference to the approaching congress as may enable such of them as desire it to repre sent themselves by means of delegates. Before I conclude let me read a letter from the secretary to the London Sta tistical Society, giving an account of an important work in which its members are engaged, the only work of the kind which the society has just now in hand. The letter is as follows: _ _ " Statistical Society, 1?, St. James'-square, Aug. G. " Sir,—.l have received from Mr. Lumley this morning the returns relating to the expenses of the Poor Law Board iu the 1 1 1Qtropilig. 110110) I have deducted the followialg istatement, which I believe to be as corr e ct as it i s po ss ibl e to make it f rom th e i n f or m a ti on i n m y h an d s : Annual income of 49 hospitals £352,370 58 dispensaries 11 Samaritan and other funds dependent on hospitals and dispensaries Annual cost of medical relief under Poor Law........... Vaccination .. 1,65 G Poor Law relief not medical 28,776 4,393 415,387 736,809 .f. 1,152,196 " The returns of the 49 hospitals include a sum o: 72,402/. paid from parish rates to lunatic hospitals. In Paris in 1853 Francs. Expenses of Hospitaux, including Maisons do Sante and Maisons de Convalescence Hospices •• ~, General management General Establishment for the use of both Hospitaux and Hospices ... 5,391,614 3,943,323 631,168 28,1G1 9,999,2G6 "The receipts of the Central Board (l'Administration Generale de l'Assistauca Publique) are of various sorts, and are not all applicable to medical charities. In 1853 their amount was Annual municipal grant 14,021,329 " I am, Sir, your o b e di en t servant, "Dr. Farr, F.R.S. " E. T. SCARGILL. " P.S. Assuming that the population of Paris is half that of Loudon, the sum expended at Paris rate for a population equal to that of London would be 1,121,7061., the total ex penditure for London being, as just stated, 1,152,1961." The noble lord, in conclusion, said, I have now only to announce to you the papers about to be read, and to request attention to the following rule laid down for the sake of brevity and clearness in our proceedings :—" To avoid reading long consecutive lists of figures, and as far as pos sible to give only results. Where money is in question ro omit shillings and pence, stating only the number of pounds. Where large sums are concerned, to give round numbers, avoiding units." Of course there is a medium in observing these directions, and if the choice lies between the two, better be obscure than inaccurate. All I mean to I convey is, that over mi nu t eness i n th ese ma tt ers i s ap t t o defeat its own end. _ _ The noble lord resumed his seat amid much applause. Papers were then read by Mr. James W. Gilbert, on the Family Principle in London Banking ; by Mr. John T. Denson, on the Connexion between Slavery in the United States of America and the Cotton Manufacture in the United Kingdom ; by Dr. Strang, on the Progress, Extent, and value of the Earthenware, Porcelain, and Glass Manu factories of Glasgow ; and by Ur. W. No wmarch, on the Former and Present Plan of Disposing of the Waste Lands in the Australian Colonies." SECTION G.—MECHANICAL SCIENCE. Mr. G. Ronnie, F.R.S., presided, and a paper was read by Mr. C. Atherton on " Mercantile Steam Transport Economy.' The business of sections concluded about 4 o'clock. This evening there is to be a soiree and promenade at Pittville Spa, towards the expenses of which the local com mittee have contributed 1001. BAZAAR AT THE ISLE OF TVIGHT. The bazaar and horticultural show at Carisbrook Cas tle, in the Isle of of Wight, under the immediate patron. age of the Queen, Prince Albert, and the Duchess of Kent, to raise funds for the rebuilding of St. Thomas's Church at Newport, the chief town in the island, com menced on 'Wednesday, and will last three days. Both tt'e bazaar and show were held on a beautiful spot of ground close by the towers of the castle, comtnandfng a magnificent view of a large portion of the island. The bazaar was held in an immense tent, surmounted with flags and banners, and seemingly upheld with floral pil lars. The interior was crowded with wares of elegant and ingenious workmanship, the vendors of which were beautiful and elegantly dressed ladies of title. Two fine military bands were in attendance. A large refectory on the ground furnished refreshments. The nobility, gentry, and fashionable visitors of the island were pre sent on the first and grand day in great numbers. A beautiful tent, splendidly furnished was erected for the Queen, in case her Mejestyshould honor the bazaar with a visit during its continuance. Carisbrook Castle is in the centre of the Isle of Wight,and is situated on a lofty nence. It is a celebrated ruin, and two of its permanent attractions are the window from which Charles the First attempted to escape when confined there, and a well 300 feet deep, the water of which is drawn up by the revo lutions of an enormous wheel turned round by an aged donkey. The town of Newport is i❑ the parish of Caris brook, and St. Thomas's Ctni eh is the district church for the town. It has just been rebuilt at a great expense, and is capable of holding 1,500 persons. Her Majesty has taken considerable interest in the work, and intends adorning the church with a monument by Marchetti to Princess Elizabeth, the young and sorrowful daughter of Charles the First, who was buried in the old church. The new church contains some of the finest specimens of me direval masonry to be seen in the kingdom ; the sculptural ornaments of the building are by Baker, a young Hamp shire sculptor of great promise. In consequence of her Majesty's patronage the bazaar was unusually attractive, and presents were received from all parts of the king dom. The stalls of the bazaar were crowded with heaps of marvellous specimens of needlework, crochet work, lacework, beadwork, Berlinwork, worstedwork, wool work, glasswork, and basketwork, and with a pro fusion of table, fireplace, stair, bed, window, and toilet ornaments. Many of these were intrinsically of great value. The ingenuity displayed in making these things was truly remarkable. All the usual arts to obtain money for the building fuud were of course resorted and cheerfully submitted to. You paid to go inside the gate of the castle, and then you paid again to see what was inside. Even the donkey exacted tribute, for ls. was charged for every bucket of water he drew up from the well. A lady who kept a flower stall, and whose name was formed of roses on her sign board outside, exhibited a white bird in a cage at a shilling a hea I, and it was gravely stated that the rarer avis turned white suddenly one night through fright from a cat ? One of the stalls was very handsomely fitted up as a post-office, where you could get a letter from any part of the world. The elegant postmistress waited on the public with the most charming civility, but the postage was so euormoas that it would have thrown Mr. Rowland Hill into a state of considerable excitement. BAILIVAY ACCIDENTS. The Board of Trade return of the number and nature of the accidents and injuries to life and limb which have occurred on all the railways open for traffic in England and Wales, Scotland and Ireland, respectively, from the Ist January to the 30th June, 1856, shows the following result, viz. :—Passengers killed or injured in England and Wales from causes beyond their own control, 1 ; injured, 47 ; Scotland, killed, 0 ; injured, 11 ; Ireland, killed, 0 ; injured, 0. Servants of company or contrac tors killed or injured owing to their own misoonduct or want of caution—England and Wales, killed, 48 ; in jured, 19 ; Scotland, killed, 6 ; injured, 0 ; Ireland, killed, 2 ; injured, 0. Servants of company or of con tractors killed or injured from causes beyond their con trol—England and %Vales, killed, 10 ; injured, 9; Scot land, killed, 1 ; injured, 1 ; Ireland, none either killed or wounded. Other persons crossing at level crossings— England and Wales, 13 killed ; injured, 1 ; Scotland, none killed or wounded; Ireland, 2 killed. Trespassers, killed in England and Wales, 22; injured, 3; Scotland, killed, 5 ; injured, 1 ; Ireland, killed, 1. Suicide in England and Wales, 2. Miscellaneous in England and Wales, killed, 6 ; injured, 3 ; Scotland, injured, 2. Total killed in England and Wales, 108 ; injured, 87 ; Scot land, killed, 13 ; injured, 16 ; Ireland, killed 5 ; in jured, 2. Total on all railways during the half-year end. ing 30th June, 1856, killed, 126 ; corresponding period for 1855 ; killed, 113. Injured during the former period, 105 ; for the corresponding period of 1855, injured, 158. FATAL RAILWAY ACCIDENTS.—We have to announce two more deaths resulting from the fearful railway acci• dent which occurred near the E wood-bridge station, on the East Lancashire Railway, the particulars of which we gave on Wednesday last. The stoker, Joseph Ma son, after lingering in much agony, expired yesterday (Thursday) morning, leaving a widow in a state of preg nancy, and five small children. Mr. Ashworth, printer and stationer, Bacup, who was a passenger by the train and had several ribs broken when the dreadful catas trophe took place, expired about 9 o'clock on Wednes day evening. The others who were injured are sup posed to be progressing favourably. On Wednesday evening last an inquest was held on the body of John Fielding, the engineer, who was killed at the time when the accident occurred, and, after a patient investigation, a verdict of " Accidental Death" was returned, and the jury expressed an opinion that no evidence had been given calculated to show the cause of the accident. The only persons who could by any possibility have given any information on the subject were the engine driver and the stoker, and, as neither of them was capable of speak ing after the accident occurred, the matter will proba bly remain enveloped in mystery.—On Wednesday afternoon last another fatal accident occurred on the same railway, and within a few miles of the spot where the former accident took place. A man named Knowles was coupling some waggons near to the Radcliffe station, when the engine started, and the man was knocked down and the waggons rau over him. He expired shortly after, while being conveyed to the Manchester Infir mar y. This was the third accident within a distance of nine miles which has occurred on the East Lancashire Rail way in 11 days ; the result is the loss of four lives, and a number of serious injuries. Before our parcel was despatched last evening our correspondent was informed that yesterday another fatal accident bad occurred on the same railway, but as Mr. Smithetts, the general manager, had not been informed of the occurrence, it is to be hoped that the report was untrue. THE LATE COLLISION ON THE MERSEY.—LIVERPOOL, Wednesday.--An inquiry, ordered by the Board of Trade, commenced this morning, at S. George's-hall, into the circumstances attending the recent collision in the Mersey, between the Excelsior and the Mail. The evidence adduced is of a similar character to that given at the inquest, consequently it is unnecessary to report it. The iuguiry will probably oxtond oeveral t e ' [PRICE 4D. STAMPED SD. LAW INTELLIGENCg.-Aug. 7. PREROGATIVE COURT. • (Before Sir J. Dodson.) Thfi' was the first caveat day after Trinity Term. IN TH:3 GOODS OF JOHN SADLEIR, ESQ. (A FELO DE SE.) The Queen's Advocate said that John Sadleir, late of Gloucest,'3r-square, Hyde-park, died on the 17th of Feb., 1856, intestate. By an inquisition, taken at Hampstead on the 11th of March following, it was found that the deceased did feloniously take his own life, and a verdict of fJ de se was returned. By reason of such felony the estate and effects of which the deceased was possessed, or to which he was then entitled, or to which he might become entitled, became forfeited to her Majesty in right of her Royal prerogati ve . H er Majesty, by warrant under tho Royal sign manual bearing date the 2d ult., and countersigned by two of the Commissioners of her Majesty's Treasury, had granted all the right, title, and interest whatsoever of her Majesty in and to the goods, chattels, and credits of the deceased to Mr. Anthony Norris, of Bedford-row, to the extent that he might ob tain letters of administration of the goods, chattels, and credits for the benefit of the creditors and next of kin to the deceased. He the (Queen's Advocate) moved the Court to decree administration to Mr. Norris accord ingly. The Courtgranted the application. WESTMINSTER COUNTY COURT. NOVEL CLAIM FOR SERVANT'S WAGES.-BECKLEY V. LORD SOUTHAMPTON. - _ This was an action brought by the plaintiff, Richard Beckley, described as a lodging-house keeper, No. 37, Green street, Grosvenor-square, against the Right Hon. Lord Southampton, to recover 311., under the following circumstances. Mr. Haynes, in opening the case, after remarking that it was one of the greatest importance to masters and domestics, said the action was brought for the amount named for damages consequent on the breach of defen dant's contract ; for that the defendant, on the 16th of November, 1855, engaged and hired the plaintiff as groom of the chambers at his country establishment, Whittlehury Lodge, from the 19th of that month to the spring of the present year • but, contrary to such agree ment, he, without cause, broke the same. The plaintiff being called, from his statement it ap peared that in June, 1855, residing where he now did, he visited Mr. Cater, his lordship's steward, in Grosvenor street, as an old acquaintance, when in the course of con versation the latter said that a groom of the chamber would be wanted at Whitiebury Lodge about the middle of November, when visitors and company com menced staying there ; that the engagement would last, with the exception of a week or two at Christmas, for which period the visitors left, till the spring, which wit ness understood from the almanack to commence the latter part of March. Witness having filled a similar situation with the Honourable Spencer Cooper and Lori Palmerston, from each of whom he received 10s. a day, inquired the terms. Mr. Cator replied 21. a week, and no doubt many perquisites, which, thinking the engagement, if entered into, a lengthened one, he said he would accept. On the 16th November, in consequence of a note previously received from Mr. Cator, he went to Grosvenor-street and saw his lordship, by whom the previous arrangement by Mr Cator was ratified in almost the same words as to the time he should be wanted. Afcer the lapse of five weeks he WAS told his services were no longer required, and was paid 101. by Mr. Cator, then due to him, as also 11. for his journey from and to London, for which he wrote a receipt on his leaving Mr. Cater, telling him that he should be wanted again the next month. Finding, however, he was not sent for, and after some corres pondence with Mr. Cator, understanding that he had been finally dismissed, and failing in receiving, any recompense for the same, he instituted these pro ceedings Cross-examined by Mr. Roberts—When with the gen tlemen be had named he was not engaged for any period, and was only paid for the days he was so. Mr. Roberts, in reply, said he should be able to prove that the plaintiff was only an " occasional" servant, to be paid, not as a regular servant in the establishment of his lordship, but merely as a weekly servant. His Lordship most positively denied ever stating any time he should require plaintiff for when he saw him on the 16th November, which arrangement he always en trusted to his house and land steward, Mr. Cator ; all that passed being his saying to him, "Your name is Beckley, is it ? When can you come ?" and he believed he answered i❑ three days' time. Mr. Cater said that the conversation as related by the plaintiff in June was correct, but in the most direct terms disavowed mentioning as to how long he was re quired. When he paid him the 11/. he considered his hiring at an end, he being a weekly servant, and some days before he did leave he told him that after an en suing day mentioned he would be no longer wanted. His Honour having summed up, and observed that plaintiff, from his own showing, was only a weekly ser vant, altri, therefore, could not substantiate his claim, The Jury returned a verdict for defendant. IVILLIA.M DOVE. The execution of this murderer is appointed to take place on the drop at the Castle, York, to-morrow, at 12 o'clock at noon, the Home Secretary (Sir George Grey) having declined to recommend the convict to the mercy of her Majesty. Great. efforts have been made by the friends of the convict, and several memorials have been presented in favour of the Royal clemency being granted, on the alleged ground that the prisoner was of insane mind, and that the jury who found him guilty of murder also recommended him to mercy on account of his de fective intellect. Sir George Grey, however, on Wed nesday last, expressed to Mr. J. M. Barret, of Leeds, solicitor, to whom was entrusted the getting up of the defence of the prisoner, his final determination not to interfere with the sentence of the judge (Mr. Baron Bramwell). During the last few days the convict has disp'ayed a very penitent feeling ; and, whatever may be said about his sanity, he appears to be fully aware of his impending doom. Mr. Wright, of Manchester, the well known prison philanthropist, says he has had 12 inter views with the prisoner, and that he "never n.ct with a mere sincere penitent under similar painful circum stances ;" but he adds that he believes Dove to be of very defective intellect. The foliowing is a copy of the memorial from Mrs. Dove, the mother of the convict:— " To the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty,—The humble petition of Mary Dove, the mother of William Dove, now in York Castle, under sentence of death, having been pro nounced guilty of the charge for which he was imprisoned in March last, by a most respectable and respected jury, which jury, from the mass of evidence adduced, proving him to be of unsound intellect, recommended him to mercy on that ground. Your petitioner begs to state that, al• though the development of his defective intellect in many of his eccentricities was not personally known to herself, because of her son's frequent absence from home, yet many of them were practised under her own eye, and others of an equally conclusive character which have no record in public print. Permit, then, the afflicted mother of William Dove to entreat your Majesty to cause the recommenda tion of the jury to be carried out, and the life of her son to be spared. Your Majesty will easily understand that a mother, so circumstanced, can say but a few words. Your petitioner humbly requests that it may please your Ma jesty to sparo the prisoner's life. And your Majesty's humble petitioner, as in affection and duty bound, will over pray. MART DOVE." Besides the above memorial, one was presented from the jury who tried Dove, and two or three others from per sons who have long known him, or have examined into the state of his mind. Dr. Forbes Winslow has written a letter to Mr. Barret, the convict's solicitor, in which he gives various reasons for believing that Dove was not responsible for his actions. Dr. F. 'Winslow says that the words, "defective intellect," embodied by the jury in their verdict, are to his apprehension not accurately expressive of Dov e ' s men t a l con diti on . Th e case i s one ofimbecility ; and he has, therefore, no hesitation in giving his opinion, "that it would be a great and fatal mistake, and a grave act of inhumanity, to hang the wretched man." NEW LINE TO THE CAFE.—DARTMOUTH, August 5. —The new auxiliary screw steam-ship England, Captain Dundas, with mails for the Cape of Good Hope, Mauri tius, Point de Gallo, Madras, and Calcutta, took her departure from this port at 11 o'clock this day, weather fine and clear. This ship is the first of a new line of steam-ships to the Cape and Calcutta, touching at the Mauritius and Point de Galle, to sail on the Ist from London, and on the morning of the 6th of each month from Dartmouth. This line has been selected for the conveyance of her Majesty's Mails to the Cape, monthly, commencing on the Ist of August outwards and on the Ist of November homewards, with Dartmouth as the port of arrival and departure. This being the first oc casion on which a mail steam-ship has left the port of Dartmouth, a public dinner was given on Tuesday last in commemoration of the event, to which. Mr. W. S. Lindsay, M.P., the owner of this fine line of ships, was invited, together with Captain Dundas and the officers of the troops on board, of which she conveys 300 to the Cape. The England received stores and was ooaled with the greatest despatch, sailing at the time appointed. SALE OF LAND.—An allotment of nineteen leased plots on the Round-bill-park estate, Brighton, took place on Thursday, the 7th inst., a t th e off i ces of the Conser vative Land Society. The plots are leased at the yearly rent of 71. each for four of the- lots, and 101. 10s. each for the remaining fifteen lots, for the term of 99 years ; and the prices fixed were 841. each for the former, and 1261. for the latter. The competition was animated, and the whole of the leased plots were taken by members holding rights of choice within the first hundred numbers on the register, 201. premium for each right being paid in many instances. Other plots were sold on the St. Margaret's, Richmond, Maldon, South Essex, and Wood bury-park, Tunbridge Wells, West Kent—the sale alto gether in detached plots reaching nearly . 3,5001. The Rev. Dr. Worthington the Rev. Mr. Rigg, the R e y. Mr. Stanley, the R e v. Mr. Goodchild, Messrs. Ancon?, Sangster, Jndkins, Shadwell, Brown, and other share holders, were present. It was mentioned by the secre tary, who presided at the allotment, that great improve ment had been recently manifested in the building trade. In reply to questions from a member, Mr. Gruneisen stated that there was every reasonable expectation that the KentiEh-town estate would be allotted is the aatuwa, -__ .___. —__— —.l----- BEORGANISATTerN OP T , PRINCI PALITIES. 1 The Commissioners of the seven Powers charged with the reorganisation of the Principalities are now assembling at Bucharest, much in the charac ter of ingenious political architects, who attempt to raise a superstructure before they have laid a basis. The Austrian and Russian Governm en t s appear to have hit upon a most happy scheme, di rectly calculated to nullify the labours of the Cons missioners, and totally to checkmate the Treaty of Pars, seem s. Under er a guise of the most vital dist rust, marked b the they to have entered i n t o an arrangement y most friendly confidence. The in ;vtiatillitaimaofwaoLulidbebe raldrGiortelrynamnetnatg o in ni l‘' sti ° c l , d n al Ot ia o a n n ly cl to their most cherished territorial arrogations on the Danube, but to their fanatical crusades against freedom on the confines of their sway. The Com missioners—or the fi ve more liberal Governments whom the five more liberal Commissioners repre sent —now challenge the Courts of Vienna and St. Petersburg to give effect to their promise of eva cuation. The Austrian Government appears to reply that so long as, in direct v i o l at i on of the Treaty of P ar i s, the ussians postpone the cession of Southern Bessarabia they must prolong the oc. cupation of the Principalities. The Western Powers then turn to St. Petersburg ; and they there appear to be told that so long as, in direct violation of the Treaty of Paris, the Austrians post pone the evacuation of the Principalities they must defer the cession of Bessarabia. There is something ludicrous in this reciprocity of causation which reminds us of our resultless siege of Antwerp in 1809, in whi c h th e mar ti a l ardour of the general was said to have been held in check by the delay of the admiral, and the impatient vehemence of the admiral to have been neutralised by the 'unaccount able procrastination of the general. The practical result, at any rate, is that the Austrian and Russian commanders, entertaining no doubt the most diabolical suspicions of each other, rule in placid tranquillity on either side of the Pruth ; and the international commission, ike a species of poli tical Mahomet's coffin, is suspended in the air s midway between Bucharest and the clouds of heaven. The blunder thus committed by the negotiators at Paris, iu failing to fix peremptorily a period be yond which the military occupation should not be maintained, is but the analogue of the original blunder which introduced into the Principalities the forces of Austria. It is obvious, from many concurrent considerations, that an attempt to frame an organisation for Moldavia and Wallachia during the presence of the Austrian army, and for the ceded territory of Bessarabia during the pre sence of the Russian, would be altogether abortive. The Co mmissioners—according, at least, to the theory of the Treaty of Peace—do not proceed to the Wallachian capital with their own preconceived views of government. The Sultan undertakes, by the terms of the 24th Article, to convoke a Divan in either Principality, with the most liberal and comprehensive constitution ; and the Commission ers are charged with the formation of a scheme of polity in consonance with the opinions expressed by these Divans. Nothing, therefore, can be more certain than that their popular organisation, which is expressly set forth as the groundwork of the whole policy of the Commission, would be totally defeated by the continuance of an Austrian military occupa tion. While the Commissioners sit at Bucharest under military sufferance of the most despotic mon archy in Europe, no will of theirs can stand for law. Those who are acqvainted with the policy pursued by Austria wherever her standard is planted, know full well the manner in which she will tamper with the representation which it is sought to obtain througis the instrumentality of the Divans. The same ob servations apply to the occupation of the ceded district of Bessarabia by the Russians, and it is cer tain th a t any representation obtained' during the dominance of either army will only secure the as cendancy of that &Nous and rapacious oligarchy which the Treaty of Paris had undertaken to depress and destroy. More than four months have already elapsed since the conclusion of peace ; and the period appears to have been marked by a corresponding inertness on the part both of the Austrian and the Western Go vernments. No attempt, or at least no successful endeavour, appears to have been made, either by Lord Clarendon or by M. de Walewski, to dissipate the frivolous sophistry on which Austria and Russia attempt to justify their infraction of their own terms. It is true that the Commissioners of the Western Powers set out for the theatre of their labours a considerable period ago. But a diplo matist charged with extraordinary duties such as these, appears to be a political valetudinarian. who is unequal to the Herculean labours of his position until lie has consumed a period sufficient for ordi nary mortals to negotiate the fate of the world in physical preparation at the West-German baths. So complete is the mental and bodily exhaustion occasioned, either by the mere acceptance of his office or by the traditions of his previous trust, that be sets off with laudable precipitation —not indeed to the scene of his duties—but to Wiesba den, to Wildbad, or to Vichi. There he invariably stops short, and after au incredible interval when emerges like whole freshn e s s o f hi s s t ory i s gone, 1* like a giant refreshed, somewhat in the fashion of our imposing naval array which congregated at Petropaulovski afte r th e R uss i ans h ad sailed ! And if it be said, on the one hand, that the intentional procrastination of Austria and Russia has rendered unimportant this corresponding delay, it may with undoubted certainty be averred on the other that it has offered a plausible pretext for that procras tination by those Governments. Tne two cardinal aims, which, as we apprehend, the Commission is required to hold in view, aro the institution of a Government on principles of libe ralism antagonistic to the political encroachments of Austria and Russia, and on a commercial basis calculated to promote the material development of the Principalities. We are ourselves altogether in different whether the union of the two States be resolved on, or whether their disjunction be perma nently maintained. There is enough of social con formity in the manners and interests of either to ensure their moral cohesion under any phasis of their civil polity. The main object to which we trust the attention of the Commission will, be even tually directed is the social and political exaltation of the inferior classes, for the triple reason of ab stract justice, of national development, and of an exclusion of Austro-Russiau intrigue. It is through the instrumentality of the territorial proprietors, both ecclesiastical and lay, that this battle of in trigue has been so long maintained by Russia ; and it will be waged successfully until the two Princi palities possess a strong popular organisation. It is in like manner owing to the eclipse of the popular party, that we have been so long subdued by the illusion that the Russian dominion stood upper most in the Moldo-Wallachiau mind. Under the constitutions by which those States have been long governed, a spirit of rapacious domination in the higher classes has prevailed ; and this interest, de riving its mainspring from the suppo r t o f R uss i a , has ben affected to the Russian rule in proportion as the instincts of the mass of the population involuntarily recoiled from its tyrannous oppres sion. In a commercial point of view, the Principalities possess this enormous advantage over every other State which trades upon the Dan u b e , th a t t h e i r territory lies immediately at its mouth ; while the accession of the ceded territory to the Moldavian soil will add to that advantage an interest in the sea-board of the Exuma. If it will repay the Aus trian empire to transmit her exports to the Black Sea through the th ousan d gyrations of that inter minable river, how much more remunerative will be the comm erce o f t h e E uxine to the two Princi palities, with other facilities at least equal in pro portion ? Above all, be it remembered that the results of the war have yet to be determined ; and that their magnitude largely rests in the political future of these States, which must conform to the character of their or gan i sa ti on . A n d if th e splendid opportunity which now presents itself bo seized, we shall have done much in lands that have bowed beneath a traditionary oppression to promote the cause of progress, and to illustrate the name of England.—Daily News. .~ _ ~' ' e ~?~ E ~-.. f'_~„a__..~. / - __ <.,: ~ ti ~;.a,: ~ r. PROSPECTS OF THE 12th OF AUGUST. We regret to say the prospects of the sportsman do not improve as the famous twelfth approaches. A gen tleman wbo has been over one of the finest grouse moors in the north thus reports, under date of Thursday last I was over our moors for six days with four dogs. The first three days I did not see a young bird, and very f e w old ones. On the fourth day I saw too broods, one with four, and the other with two young birds. On the fif t h day I saw two broods, one with two young, and the other with only one young bird. On the sixth day I went to our high ground, and worked the dogs six hours, without seeing a single young bird all the time, and only met with seven old ones. That you may see the difference, I may mention that upon Sept. 1, of last year, I killed, after 5 p.m., 14 brace of grouse upon the ground where I have just been unable to see a young bird this season." We regret to say that the above melancholy account is not altogether a solitary one. On some shootings, which in the early part of the season was covered with nests, with old and young birds, there is now hardly a young bird to be seen. It is to the unseasonable weather in the early part of the season that the dearth of young birds is to be attributed, many hens being found dead on. the nest. All moors are of course"not alike. Generally, however, it will be found that broods are this year both small and rare ; and the sportsman will indeed be before shot who makes anything like an ordinary et nightfall to-morrow week.-_-13(WfAir6 hung, PAPER ...,,, ) :,.\,,... t,'7 11i.;- k.-.. 1.:. 42-arz.:%41 , 7 a S .... I' each (MOS and bird. 01 A Od Od Od reekiy