The Sun. — London, England, 1827-12-18 00:00:00

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. FRENCH PAPERS. (From the CongietttiottneL) EXTRACT OW A TRIVATE LETTER. BtCHAREsT, Nov. 17 . —Great uneasiness has prevailed in this district for a week pait. The Au thorities of Wallachia allow no one to quit-the coun try, whilst the movements that are apparent beyond the Danube menace us with an invasion of„ the Turks. The Russian Consul (M. Alinziacky) pre tends that there is nothing to be apprehended from this hostile display, and yet, in the space of five days, Ave have seen two extraordinary couriers pass through this town, for Servia ; both of them Servians by nation, and Officers in the service of Russia; the first, R. G. Radion, and tlAe second, St. Paskovitch, Were among those who rendered great service to 6erny Georges. The espravnecks (prefects) of five districts beyond Altos, have received orders from the Ayans of the Serchates (Commandants of 'towns beyond the Danube) to send to them, in one week, 150 waggons of wheat, if they have not a mind to see the Turks pass the Danube, and take it by force. The Pacha of Silistria has just sent a re inforcement of Turkish troops to the fortress of Braila, in the territory of Wallachia. Throughout all the provinces of Bulgaria firmans have been cir culated, the tenour of which are, that the Mussul men must arm for the defence of their holy religion, which is menaced by the Giaours. The communi cation between Bulgaria and 'Wallachia is cut off, and all Christians are prohibited from quitting their places, or from passing over the Wallachian territory, under pain of death. A ealarack (courier) which Prince Ghika has received from Constantinople, an nounees that the Divan had succeeded in gaining over to their party the Islam (the Chief of the. Ule- Inas), and have already formed the project of re presenting to the Sultan the existing weakness of the Ottoman Empire, and the danger that threatens the religion of the Prophet in case his successo r should persist i n d ec l ar i ng war with the three most formidable Powers of Europe. It is not known What reception Mahmoud may give to this bold step which tends to trench on his absolute power. VIENNA, DEC. s.—lt has been said these few days past, that the Archduke Ferdinand d'Este, brother in-law of the Emperor, had received the command in chief of the Army of Observation which was to be formed in Hungary, and that he Was to set out immediately for that destination. The Generals even who Here to serve under his orders have been named, as well'ai the regiments from the different provinces which were to reinforce the army. But we are now credibly informed, that all those rumours are premature, and that no definitive resolution has yet been taken as to the formation of an Army of Observation, and that as yet the troops of Hungary are only reinforced by some regiments that had been garrisoned in Bohemia, Moravia, and Gallicia. Seve ral other detachments have, however, it is said, got the route, and an order was expected to prepare the provision mag i azines; but we still hope that the late news from Constantinople and St. Petersburgh will render useless any serious demonstration on the part of Austria. MADRID, DEc. 3.—lt is certain that dnegociation is 'at this moment going on for the total evacuation of Spain by the French troops. The Rev. P. Almaras has, been lately condemned to the ga!lies for ten years. BARCELONA, Dac. 5.—A1l eclesiastics resident in this city, but Hot belonging to the diocese, have re ceived orders to quit it within 24 , hours. Of this number are the Canons Gallegos and Cortes, who were both Deputies in 1820. On the 3d inst. the Commissary of Police, ac companied by his agen t s , wen t f rom ho use t o house in search of Deputies to the former Cortes, and others who held office under the Constitutional Govern ment. They were commanded to take up their passports immediately, and to depart from Barcelona before the expiration of the ensuing day. This order was carried into execution, and not less than 800 persons left the city on the 3d December. (PAIVATE CORRESPDXDINCL) CADIZ, N0v.,27.--- 7 We have received letters from the Havannah, dated the 10th and 14th of October. On the 16th the Perla frigate was to sail, with a million of dollars on board for his Majesty. The ship Guerrero, of 74 guns, the-frigates La Lealtad,l'lberia, La easilda, and La Sabine, the corvette Arethusa, and the brigs Hercules and Marie, and the hermaphrodite schooner, brigs Ama and Velona, all under the command of Admiral Laborde, were ready to put to sea. The land troops of all aims, who are well clothed, well equipped and fed, and well disciplined, exceed 20,000 men. Another letter of the same date says--A terrible conspiracy has been . discovered on board the ship Soverano, of 74 guns, which was to sail for the Ha vannah.-. Nothing less waslintended than massacreing all the officers, and to carry the ship to the Inde pendents. The principal conspirators have been ar rested, but the officers have declared that they shall not start, unless the crew is changed. The Government of the Havannah had, by its good administration, saved about a million of dollars.— This sum was to form the first fund of a Colonial Bank. Every thing had been settled and arranged ; the Directors were named, and the establishment, which was to have, contributed to the prosperity of the Island, was on the point of being organised, when an agent of the Finance Minister arrived at the Havannah, who seized the, dollars.by order of his Majesty King Ferdinand, and shipped them on board the frigate La Perla, bound to Cadiz. Thus there is no chance of a Bank. This occurrence has occasioned many murmurs, and much discontent-1 ment amongst the merchants of the colony, and may have very unpleasant consequences for Spain itself. These several days past the evacuation of this niece by the French troops is spoken of in a vague ;Janner, which would be only a consequence of the vacuation of Barcelona. MADRID, DEC. 4.—Accoiding to accounts from Tarragons of the 29th of November, .their Majes 4ies still remained in that town, which they were to Leave on the 3d instant, and to sleep that same night Willa Franca del Penades, and make their entrance next day into the capital of Catalonia. The King has named the French General Reiset, Great Cross of the Order of _ Charles 111. Several superior tilicers and others belonging to that division have , kewise been decorated with several Orders. Since this morning there is a general report that ahe French will likewise evacuate Cadiz ; but it is t.4ot stated whether by land or by sea. There is no doubt but that they will likewise evacuate 'Pampe- Runa and St. Sebastian. The accounts from Catalonia still continue the lame ; the minds of men are in a singular manner %,asperated there, especially since military commis .ion shave been organized there to try summarily, nd without appeal. On the King's first arrival in every one applauded his proclamation of ne 28th of September, but as every thing promised nerein has not been performed, public opinion has tken a different bend. It is very true that it was ,cessary to make striking examples, but why Jay ;naves for victims, under the shadow of Royal oardon, when there was right and justice on the t.(ing's side The garrison of Madrid is to be only composed of .rovincial .Chasseurs of the Royal Guards, and of Royalist volunteers, whose services are already re lilted to be active —too active, for within these last two lays they have already sabredand killed twopersons. rthis reason respectable people dare no longer go vut after night has set in. A regiment of Cuiras lersof the Guards is going to Barcelona in three ilfour days; however, if, as we are assured, there are numerous bands of insurgents in Estremadura, it would be as well to send some forces in time to these Sevezal letters from Valencia have been received here, which agree in stating that when . the King ar rived there on his return from Tarragona, in order to meet the Queen, the enthusiasm of the people had reached the highest pitch. All the inhabitants from the vicinity crowded thither, for the purpose of having the plemure to behold their Sovereigns; but LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 18, 1827. Government are still without any official des patches from Constantinople, and every hour which elapses 'without bringing adviccs from that capital acids to the improbability of the ac counts from Odessa and Bucharest, published by the Gazette de France, of the change in the SULTAN'S determination. If such a change had taken place, why have not des patches been received ? The suspension which had been put to the communications between the Ambassadors and their Courts would have been removed, and news might have reached this country up to the 27th or 28th November from Constantinople, whereas not one word o intelligence which can be considered authentic, has been received from thence later than the 11th ult. • • The Gazette de France has, in more instances than . one, lately lent itself to the propagation of fabricated news, probably for some purpose con nected with stock-jobliing. It published in its columns the pretended arrival of the Ambas sadors ,itt Hermandstadt, and we fully expect to find that the accounts which it gave in its last number of the removal of the embargo, and the renewal of communications between Constanti- nople and the frontiers, are as destitute of four• dation as that important event which it put ford with so much confidence. Mr. MARCHESY, a King's Messenger, has arrived this morning at the Colonial Office with despatches from Corfu, but they are of too old a date, the 6th of December, to contain any thing respecting the movements at Con stantinople. when the JOurnal of Tarragona arrived there, and announced in its official part that executions on the gallows had taken place there amidst the firing of cannon, and that the black Rag had been displayed, then the curious inhabitants of the neighbourhood retreated as soot► as they found it out, and every one went home to escape, as if Count d'Espana and the hangman were at their heels, and only the inha bitants of Valencia remained in that town ; even the greater number of these were struck by a panic terror, and shut themselves in their houses and bar ricadoed their doors; and what is a thing unheard of, the Royalist Volunteers themselves trembled. When they were called upon to parade, or to per form duty, scarce one hundred could be collected out of upwards of 2,000, who were there on the spot. FRICES OF STOCKS 'PHIS Bank Stock 3 per Cent. Red. 837 i.% 3 per Cent. Cons. ... 3 4 per Cent. DUO Red. 510; %% 4 per Cent. New shut Ditto, 1826 lOl !,/, 1 Bank L. Ann. IS 15-10 India Stock shut Dittoßonds 73 74 pm. DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. South Sea Stook Old Annuities New Ditto Ex. Bills, £4OOO Al. 46 47 pm. Ditto 5OO 2i. 46 47 pm. Ditto Small Ditto Commercial pm. Bank far Account India for Account Cons. for Ac. 647 % PRICES QY FOREIGN FUNDS Austrian Bonds, 5 percent. Brazilian Bonds Buenos Ayres Bonds Chilian Bonds, 6 per ct. Colombian Bonds Ditto, 18•24 Danish, 3 per cent. Greek Bonds THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. Neapolitan, 1/424 Peruvian Bonds • • Portuguese Bonda 'AN Prussian, 5 per cent. Ditto, New Russian, New 91N 1 Spanish, 1821 Ditto, 1 825 Guatirnala Mexican Bonds • — Do. 1823 171 i 18 - French Rentas, sp. c. —4l —c. Exchange —t. —c. 3 per cent Exchange —t. —c. ?- 4 *1414 EXPRESS FROM PARIS. At a late hour, this afternoon, we received, by express, the Gazette de France, dated yesterday. The following paragraph, if true, is important, as tending to confirm the accounts received yes , terday:— " They write from Constantinople of the '2lth Nov., that the Ambassadors of the Allied Powers who signed the Treaty of the 6th of July, have had a conference with the Reis Effendi which lasted five hours, but the re sult is not known. Since these eight days past the em bargo has been taken off from ships of all nations, and it is believed that the intentions of the Porte are pacific." " Our news from Smyrna are of the 15th, when every thing remained quiet in that place." Private letters from Paris confirm the news re ceived yesterday, and say there is every hope that affairs will be amicably settled. We give the above on the authority of the Gazette cle.Franee, and if its news be correct, how comes it that our Government are yet in ignorance of such important intelligence ?: The thing is passing strange, and only serves to raise our special wonder. The Paris Morning Papers of Saturday were received last night, but their contents had been in a great degree anticipated by the Gazette de France of Sunday, which reached us yesterday morning, by express. The Constitutionnel con tains an article from Bucharest, dated the 17th Nov., which is certainly some days prior to the latest communications, but at that time every movement bespoke approaching hostilities. It appears by letters in these Papers, from Sa lonica, that the French residents in the ports of the Levant, had been ordered by the Turkish authorities to quit the country, in consequence of which many of them had embarked, but had not actually sailed at the date of the letters. Intelligence from Madrid announces that ne gotiations are going on for the total evacuation of the Spanish territory by the French troops. A French brig-of-war has had a severe action with two Algerine vessels, one of which was sunk, and the other beat off: Three bomb vessels are fitting out at Toulon, with all possi ble expedition. Some extracts from these Papers are given in a preceding column. New York Papers to the 24th ult. inclusive reached us last night. They are destitute of political news, and their contents are excessively uninteresting. Congress was to recommence its labours on the 3d inst. We are sorry to observe that some disputes still continue between the inhabitants of New Brunswick and the inha bitants of the State of Maine. We subjoin a Few extracts:— ~ STATE OF MAINE• " ET TILE GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF MAINE. " A MOCLAJIATION. " Whereas it has been made known to the State, that one of its citizens has been conveyed from it by a foreign power, to a gaol in•the Province of New Brunswick, and that many trespasses have been committed by inhabitants of the same Province on the Sovereignty of the Maine, and the rights of those she is bound to protect : " Be it also known that, relying on the government and people of the Union, the proper exertions will be applied to obtain reparation and security. " Those, therefore, suffering wrong, or threatened with it, and thoss interested by sympathy or principle, on account of the violation of our territory and immunities, are ex horted to forbearance and peace; so that preparations for preventing the removal of our land-marks, and guarding the sacred and inestimable rights of American citizens, may not be ernbarraed by any unauthorized acts. " ENOCH LINCOLN. " By the Governor, " AMOS NICHOLLS, Secretary of State, " Council Chamber, Portland, Nov. 9." All the British Provinces of the South of St. Lawrence are meeting to maintain the English rights. The counties that have passed resolutions on this subject, and to pray his Majesty to preserve his right, are Hertford, Devon, and Cornwallis. THE NEW MEXICAN TARIFF. The Senate of Mexico have approved the new Tariff Bill, so that it now i , nly remains to be published and to go into operation. A letter in the Baltimore papers from a merchant in that Republic, states that the changes of most importance which it is intended to produce, arc those in the duties on white and brown cotton goods. They are to be raised to 18 cents per ears, fir those which are a vara wide, and in an equal proportion exceeding that width one and a half cents augmentation in duty. On brandy the duty is increased to 21 dollars per barrel of five arrobas, or 19 gallons, and on wine to 17 dollars per barrel. Pan.saut.T.—lt appears that the unfortunate naturalist, Mr. Bompland, who has been so long detained by the tyrant of Paraguay, lately obtained permission to leave his terri tory to return to France; but after he had received his passports, a plot was discovered among several foreigners, in which the naturalist was suspected of being engaged.— He was therefore remanded to his confinement,- and there is said to be no longer any hope of his obtaining his freedom 'before the death of the self-named dictator. Several of the persons suspected were shot, and the French papers contain a proclamation which was published afterwards, which hinted, but obscurely, at the conspiracies. IlavaN NA n.—The United States sloop of war Natchez had been off Havannah for eight or ten days, on the 4th inst., when the Red Fox (arrived at Norfolk) left that port. It was said that Commodore Porter had gone in pursuit of two Spanish frigates which had sailed for Cadiz with a million of dollars. Commodore Laborde, ivith a 74, three frigates, and two brigs, remained in port. All on board the Natchez were in good health. PRICE OF STOCKS.—Nov. 23. offd. asked. 101 101; 102,i 1031 Fives, 1885 lO9 1091 United States Sixes, 1813. 1811. United States • 4 1 1831 101+ 102 Threes. 85 86 109 109 122,i 123 Canal Fives, 1837 . United States Bank The following is an extract of a letter dated Quebec, Nov. 21, which contains some parti culars of the present state of Canada, in addition to the intelligence which we communicated yes terday from thence : " Our House of Assembly was called together yester day, and ordered to appoint a Speaker. They named the former one, Mr. Papineau. Ile was not approved of by the Governor, and they were ordered to appoint another, and to appear with him on Friday, the 23d. The Canadian party were very violent on returning to the House, and in sisted on proceeding to business with the Speaker they had named ; they adjourned, however, until to-morrow without coming to auy conclusion. " Thus you will see that no good is anticipated from the House. The Canadians themselves are a quiet, inoffensive, and well-disposed people ; but are, as regards political con duct, entirely in the hands of a few declamatory, and it is to be feared, designing notaries and lawyers, who are re gularly returned to the House of Assembly, and who work upon the ignorance of their constituents ; in fact the Romish Church, and the (elsewhere obsolete) French system of jurisprudence, tend to perpetuate this ignorance to the advantage of their respective crafts ; and it may be doubted whether the differences between the Legislative and Execu tive Departments will be easily settled till some alteration in the tenures and representation of the Lower Province shall have taken place; and above all an Union of the two Provinces which shall give to the intelligent, deserving, and increasing population of the Upper Province its due share in the Legislation of the country at large. " The badness of our harvest in this Province is a mat ter of serious inconvenience to trade, and is the cause of the exchange rising. Your agriculturists have now had sufficient proof of the little dread they need be under of a heavy importation from this country for many years to come; and they may likewise rest assured that for every shilling's worth of produce exported to England we shall take British manufactures in return. The, price of ashes in your markets having been far below a remunerating rate, they have to a certain extent ceased to be made, and our whole export for the year will be nearly 12,000 bar rels short of last year's export, and 37,000 sh or t o f the export of 1825. In the Upper Province the harvest has been better ; and much benefit is expected from the canals and public works in operation ; in fact, in spite of the pes culiar dissatisfaction manifested in the House of Assembly in the Lower Province, the whole colony fully appreciates the interest taken in her welfare by the Home Govern-I went; and were your reciprocity system (as.it is called) at an end, Great Britain would be astonished at the spring this valuable country would make; she would then give employment to a very large proportion of your commer cial navy and seamen. It has been a matter of -reflection with me how, at the unremunerating rates of freight and lumber, we should have had so many vessels out this year. " On the 17th was laid the first stone of a Monument to the memory of Wolfe and Montcalm, in the Governor's garden ; thus, at length, is some tardy tribute likely to be paid to the memory of these great men." Frankfort Papers of the 11th inst. and the Piedmantese Gazette of the 7th, have been ,re ceived this morning ; they state, under the head of Trieste, Dec. 1, that all the accounts from the Turkish ports were of a satisfactory nature, in so far as the Turks had evinced no hostile feeling towards the Christians in consequence of the battle of Navarin. These Papers contain no further news from Constantinople : CORFU, roy. 14. The letters from the other islands give us no news from Navarin, or from any other ports of the Morea. Some of them, however, state that an Ottoman squadron .of 34 men of war had arrived in the port of Suda, in the island of Candia, the crews of which are not very expert seamen. It is not known. whether this squadron came from the Dardanelles, or whether it was formed previously to the battle of Navarin, of Turkish men-of-war which were in various ports. The melancholy news of the death of Lord Guildford, Chancellor of the lonian University, has excited unusual regret here. Our literature has lost in hint one of its most ardent patrons—England one of its most learned Peers—_ society one of its most generous and upright members—and the inconsolable youth of Greece an affectionate father and benefactor. TRIESTE, Nov. 29. The Observer of this date says—" We learn, by a vessel from Zante, which left it on the 9th instant, that the squadrons of the Allied Powers had sailed from Navarin without leaving a single vessel to cruise, before the port ; that the Turkish transports, as well as those of other na tions have remained undamaged in Navarin, and had landed their cargoes of corn ; that besides these transports nine Egyptian corvettes and frigates, but is very bad con dition, remained at Navarin, and that several ships, laden with corn, had sailed from Zante to Navarin and Patras." Through the same channel we receive the unpleasant news that the Captain of an English packet •boat, who bad arrived at Zante from the Archipelago, had stated that 12 merchantmen, coming from the West, had been stopped by Greek pirates, and carried into Carabusa (their chief depot near the isle of Candia), and that piracy was daily in ci easing. TRIESTE, DEC. 1. The accounts hitherto received from all the Turkish sea ports are of a satisfactory nature. The Turks have not, in any instance, committed any acts of violence towards the Christians by way of reprisal. The Trustees of Rugby School have elected the Rev. TEIOMAS ARNOLD, A.M. late Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, and now of Lateham, near Staines, to succeed Dr. WOOLL, as Head Master of Rugby School, in July next: STATE OF THE COUNTRY. In - considering the prospects of the country, and the good and evil which mingle in rather a favourable proportion, we think, in its present condition, we cannot omit in our estimate so material an item as the National Debt, which we fear we must in fairness place on the wrong side of the account. This is the true dead weight which presses down the country, which slackens the pace of commerce and of industry, and trenches deeply on the freedom and comfort of private life. The interest of the National Debt, which is'the real burden, amounts to above thirty millions per annuni, and this immense sum is draw n from the country by taxes. Such a standing drain on the productive wealth of the country is certainly an evil. Dr. Smith justly compares heavy taxation to the curse of a barren climate, in which we must work harder than in happier regions ibr the same enjoyment. The National Debt is a clog on every man's industry, for though we have had many theories to shew that labour could not be taxed, that most taxes were ultimately paid out of some other fund, yet •no One will believe that a mechanic who has good wages, and who consumes sugar and tea, does not pay out of his own proper income the heavy taxes on these articles. His wages will not rise to give him a command over luxuries, and to whatever extent' he uses them, therefore, he must be brought in for the tax. In this man ner the burden presses on all classes. It is so much taken out of every man's income to sup port the fundholders, whose incomes form a mortgage on the national estate ; who are in a manner quartered upon the country for their liv ing, each of us having so many of them to main tain out of our hard earni ngs . Thi s then is a great evil, and unlike other evils, which are tran sient in their nature and will pass away, it is a permanent burden on the country, for it is clear that we cannot get quit of a just debt but by paying it, and no one doubts that the national creditors have a just claim on the whole property of the country. The money was fairly paid on the pledged security of the public faith, and it was used for national objects. It was employed in defraying the extraordinary expenses of ar duous and protracted wars—in paying, in short, for defense. The National Debt is therefore the price of safety. W e are now at rest ; we hare readied the haven of repo se „ „having steered safely through the tempests of revolution and war ; we have revelled in the triumph of victory, and the National Debt is the reckoning that Iva have still to pay. This burden, which presses so heavily on the country, has been accumulating for more than a century ; for it has never been diminished by peace so much as it has been increased by war. It is, therefore, an evil of long standing, which has been handed clown to us by the wisdom of our ancestors, and it is a growing evil to cheek or remove which the serious attention of a wise Administration must be anxiously directed. But this is not an easy task, as we have already remarked there is no way of getting clear of debt but by paying it ; and by what magical influence is it supposed that funds can be sud denly conjured up to such an immense amount ? In the last number of the " Edinburgh Review" we have a project on this subject, which really appears to be somewhat extravagant. The writer, in his estimate of our resources for pay ing our debts, calculates that we lose annually, by restraints on the importation of con), about twenty millions. Making some necessary de ductions on account of the landlord's rent, he makes out a dead loss of twelve millions per annum, which sum he insists we would save by allowing the importation of foreign corn at ss. per quarter ; pd it would go, according to his hypothesis,. to the payment of the National Debt. We do not mean to enter into any cri tical examination of this extravagant estimate of national damage, which appears, however, to be altogether erroneous. Such arithmetical calcu lations, when applied to the complex and ever varying concerns of a nation, must be essentially incorrect. On subjects of this nature, arith metic is not an efficient weapon ; it is not an in strument by which we can work our way through the intricacies of political questions. The flue tuating tide of human affairs cannot be subjected to the restraints of figures. According to the hypothesis of this writer, a rise of Bs. the quarter of wheat, gives twelve millions annually of national loss. But there have been fluctuations in the price of grain to the amount of 40, 50, and even 60s ; and dons this writer mean to apply his infallible arithmetical nostrum to this case, and to say that the nation could lose 84 millions -in any one year by a rise in the price of grain ? Not more reasonable is his proposition fbr pay ing half the national debt by a tax on property to the amount of 12 per cent., by which he pro poses to raise 230 millions, and to give this sum to the national creditors. Suppose it were even prefiticable to enforce in this free country such a spoliation of the rich, what would be the result ? Not that the burden would be in the smallest degree diminished ; but that one part of the community would be lightened, and another class, namely, the rich, more heavily burdened. The burden would be differently, and in our opinion less judiciously, distributed ;and for this positive evil the whole country would be thrown into confusion. The only rational plan by which the national debt can be reduced, is by means of a Sinking Fund, by which we mean a real surplus of in come over expenditure. Tu pay off with one hand while we are borrowing with the other is no doubt puerile in the extreme, and leads to much perplexity ; and in this view we may now advert to the plan of the " dead weight" as it was called, or the project of Lord Castlereagh for converting the military and naval pensions into one annuity for 45 years, which was part of that miserable system of building up and pulling down—of moving backwards and forwards, and m aking no progress. At that time Ministers were intent on the establishment of a surplus in come of five millions per annum, which they were to apply to the redemption of debt. They were tl►us increasing the burden at present, in order to lighten it at same future time ; while the plan of converting the military pensions into a 45 'years' annuity was in principle just the very reverse of tl►is, for it diminished the present to increase the future burden, and was thus the source of useless complexity and expellee. We must, it is clear, form a new Sinking Fund, a real surplus of income over expenditure, before we can reduce the debt. At present we have not a great surplus of income. In 1826 our income amounted to 51,894,589/. our expenditure to 53,885,5411., thus leaving a surplus of -1,009,4481. One great point of our policy must be to increase this surplus, which may be effected, Ist, by increasing income ; or, 2dly, by diminishing expenditure. 1.--The income of the nation, which is made up by contributions from the people, may be augmented either by the increasing produce of the existing taxes, or by adding to the amount of these taxes. Since the year 1793, when the revolutionary war commenced, an additional le- venue has been derived from both these sourtes. The taxes have been prodigiously increased, and, what is singular, and strongly marks the pro gress of the country, those that have not been augmented have, nevertheless, produced a much larger amount of revenue. In providing for the extraordinary and continually increasing expences Of an arduous war, in which the independence of the country may be at stake, it is necessary to procure funds by the most violent expedients. —A Statesman who has the conduct of such a war cannot wait the slow and gradual operation of national improvement upon the public income. He cannot wait till the fruit of the revenue slowly ripen with the progress of the season ; he must have it prematurely, and he must have re course to the artificial method of additional taxa tion to force it forward. During the last war, accordingly, additional taxes were laid on the country, till the Fublic revenue was raised to the enormous amount of about 70 millions per - ann.. and it is now agreed on all hands, that taxation was then carried to its utmost limit. Not a single additional tax could have been laid on that would have been productive ; we could not, for our lives, have raised a greater revenue. We could have done nothing more—we were in the situation of a vessel beating oil' the shore, ' with even; stitch of canvas set, and hauled close to the wind, the pilot guiding. her course through the stormy waves, but unable to aid her further in weathering the point of danger. This point has, however, been happily weathered—we are in safety—we have no longer the extraordinary and urgent expellees of war to provide for, and it is not necessary; therefore, to increase our income by additional taxes. We may wait patiently for slow but sure improvement of our existing re sources, which will in time yield an adcg t mt e fund for the re d empt i on o f debt. B e f ore t h e late commercial calamity, the produce of all the existing taxes was rapidly increasing ; and they must soon, as trade revives, resume their former course of improvement. The truth is, that this is even a more efficient source of additional in crease than new taxes, as the whole history of our finance abundantly illustrates. It is not ge nerally known what a great accession of revenue we have continually derived from the increasing produce of existine. duties. Since the termina tion of the war, this improvement of our revenue has been most marked. The produce of almost all the duties on the great articles of consump tion, have within the last ten or twenty years been continually increasing, thus the duty on candles which in 1814, produced 270,5254 amounted in 1826, to 481,0371., and the same duty on soap, which in 1817, produced 880,6261., had in creased in 1826, to 1,147,060/. ; the duty on sugar, which in 1815 was 2,957,403/. was in 1826, 4,518,6881.; that on beer was in 1814, 2,747,968/., in 1826, it was 3,587,526/. ; on paper, the duty was in 1814, 419,2084 it was in 1826, 535,750/. ; but in 1825, prior to the late commercial distress, it amounted to 652,4481. Many other articles shew a similar increase, and if the duties on other commodities have not in creased, it is because amid the difficulties and dangers of an arduous and expensive war, they have been unfortunately overtaxed. Judging from the past then, we have no doubt, that under wise and politic management, our revenue will certainly increase, and will yield the necessary fund for the redemption of our debt. If the produce of existing duties increase in any thing like the same ratio as we have here stated, i. e. about 30 and 50 per cent., the increase of our surplus revenue would be very great, and would soon afford all the relief that was,required. 11. We may increase our - surplus income by diminishing our expenditure. The writer in the " Edinburgh Review," to whom we have already alluded, is of opinion that our expenditure can not be greatly reduced, nor do we think that there is here any very wide field for reform. But still a rigid economy may make some addition to our surplus income ; and to a certain extent therefore Ministers are called upon to make the most of this resource. We are glad to observe that they have issued or d ers for disbanding the Yeomanry corps throughout the country. This looks like redeeming their pledge of economy; and though some may cast a careless account of such savings as inconsiderable, yet it is the nature of economy to grasp at every advantage, however minute ; and Miensters may rest assured that to whatever cavils they may be exposed in carry ing on the good work of economy and retrench ment, they will have, as they deserve, the general voice of the country strongly in their favour. DRURY-LANE THEATRE. Mr. Cooper—the celebrated American actor, ap peared last night for the first—and probably the last—time at this theatre as " Macbeth." He is a round, coarse, dumpy •man, not unlike Farley in appearance, with a voice smacks strongly of the conventicle. His utterance 'is drawling in the ex treme, and so ridiculously monotonous, that the au dience last night would most infallibly have fallen asleep if laughter had not kept them awake. Indeed during the whole course of our theatrical experience, we never witnessed such an instantaneous &nine- tion. It was neither the envy—nor the jealousy of private or public feeling; but the strong natural ebullition of insulted taste that sealed Mr. Cooper's destiny, and warned him without reserve or cere mony, that as an English tragedian he had nothing left to hope. But enough' of this " 'tis a cruelty to load a falling man," —so we forbear further com ment. COVENT GARDEN. Mr. Kean's re-appearance last night as " Shy lock," attracted a full house, who welcomed hiin with much applause. He played pretty much as usual. SHIPPINQ INTELLIGENCI3-(THIS • FROM LLOYD'S. DEAL, DEC. 1 7.—Wind W.S.W.—Arrived fro® Yarmouth, the Lowland Lass, Mills, for Gel and Sea Nymph, Burrough, for Naples. A rriYe the Wm. Parker, Brown, from the Cape. FALmouTu, DEC. 16.—Wind W.—Arrived 06 Countess of Chichester packet, —, from the g e diterrauean, 17 days from Gibraltar. Sailed 111 Nocton packet, —, for Brazil. The Albion, Wild from Port-au-Prince, with a cargo of cotton, CO and sugar, was fallen on board of by his Majesty' brig Bustard, on the 26th of Oct., off Cape Nichols' Mole, by which she was stove in on the larbolifi side, has seven stauncheons broke and other damgf; and became so leaky that it was feared she go down. They, however, succeeded (the Bustooi keeping company) in getting under the lee Crooked Island, where the injury was temp oralilq repaired by stuffing the holes with oakum, &e•' fi l' n the Albion proceeded. The mate and eight: l died on the passage. Som e co ff ee w as pon'Pe- during the passage. The Margaret, Betts, from Riga to O de ' : 1 7 totally wrecked on Friday, near Dundee, creW 4 63 10 . e. The Concord, Stone, from Liverpool to 1 ‘ .1°)16 is totally lost. NEWHAVEN, DEC. 17.—The topside of a MIS washed on shore i n Seaf or d Bay Yester-it' The top timbers, about seven inches square' ‘ v i iron knees, partly c opp er f as t en ed, with a whitel )B v !: streak. The timbers appeared fresh, and a qu all e ; of green coffee berries between them. When 1 0°it ,7 0 up there were two wag g on load s , which were to possession of by the Lord of the Manor of Setu° THE' FUN DS-(THIS DAY). CITY, Try rE o t Czegi' The information from Constantinople, rf eei , h i g yesterday, as given in the Gazette de France, i 8 °f morning discredited in the City, in consego ence. L , which Consols opened rather heavy at 84 ha left off yesterday at 811 i. They have re nla f tt e io at the same price up to the above hour, with doing. Two O'CL O6l‘. The Consol market remains steady at 844 T ffREE o' CL 0 GP' Consols for Account, 84f. Reported that Mr. HERRIES is going out, aii1;(! that all the Ministers have gone to Windsor t morning. FOUR o'CLOCK—•CLOSING PRIGS. Consols Do. for Ac. 84:4 1 Brazilian Bonds 61 Buenos Ayres Do. Chaim Do. Columbian, 1824, 28 Danish Bonds 60 Greek Do. 182.5, 18 Mexican Do. 1825,033 Peruvian Do. -- Russian Do. 91 • Spanish Do. THE AIARKETS.-(THIS DAY•) HAY i%iA (IKE ft .4 .—(At per Load of 36 Trusee 6 • ) ST. JAMES'S. X. k £• g• 6/ 5 :E. a. X. s 4 ote 1 10 Lowland Mcad.Hay3 10 to 1 5 Clover Ha 1 6 il3 Upland Ditto lO 5 0 Oat :5 trawy.........' . 10 liye.grass Hay 1 0 5 0 • Wheat Ditto .....•• 1 - New Meadow Day :3 10 410 Supply good, and trade dull; prices as last quoted k 4, s; ,1! Cloy. Hay gcnerally 4 11, " „ 5 6 v Do. extra tine 0 10 Oat Straw 1 S ll 1 Wheat Ditto. _1 10 , SMITHFIELD. s. s. Lowland Mead:llay3 3to 4 0 Uldaml Ditto 4 0 5 0 Rye .grass Hay 4 0 5 0 New 4leadol% Hay 315 4 Supply good, trade dull I, and prices stationary. -. - WAKEFIELD, Dec. 14. ...,,f , There is a tolerable supply of Wheat for this day a 1 ."4,, ket ; New sells readily, on fall as good terms as lastirv'ery hut the demand for Old, particularly foreign, i' s t, , the limited. The continued large at rival of Barley k ee l o rter . . trade very heavy, and prices are again Is. Pe r fame' - lower. Oats and Shelling move off - very slovvlY, at ot ter. rates. Beans are dull sale, at a decline of Is. per 9 In other articles no variation. ' fine 51 '' Wheat, Norfolk and Suffolk, Red s ls. t o 555. ~„e 61 0 ' White..„ Ws. to 59 '' ".. O'' - New, Red Us. to 53g. 6 2„: 614 , White s6s. to 505. .",-" go. Foreign, Red 478. to 490. fine s, Barley, Norfolk sad Suffolk d.... 345. to 365. fi ne „ ;is. --- Lincolnshire 3OB. to 3 25 . 611 '315. ---- Yorkshire Wold 2Bs. to 3Cls. fin: d o g , Beat., Small _.-- rick 4ss. to 465. o'l°,o. Oats, Poland and Potato . 2os. to 275. 6%,64, - Friezland and Small lBs. to 245. 6,,,ne. --.- Mealing 1034d. to I3d. per i 30,1. Shelling 2Bs. to 308. -s. to -s. Pe r pad , • Malt . 34s. 41s. fine 430. per pit. Rapeseed this ClT rA Y , il prices A os fl PLANTATION SUGARS —T he , T o W a E I L b V I E I n o e ' C s O done'C • . ted, n 0 8 market here is COinC y ) t e e e r n a t i o r n at ; ll e ibinu-cl- e t - n r - 5 but in ward, and buy b een only for er t,boeirba'r, mediate demands. A public sale of V 6 Mauritius Sugar is advertised for to-morrow, w. I co „ 0 . probably h as d e t erre d some o f th e buyers fr o ing forward to purchase in the raw market to-dai' FOREIGN SUGARS.—No alteration. n ,pCh REFINED SUGARS.—This market remai ns St in the same state as last week, although a very 5- 5 flatness pervades it. Low Lumps and Small Ltil f are the only sorts taken out of the mark et, and them the price is lrpublicbnarein y Sale porf wenttPlantation took C p OF l i a .E ce E. t — hi this A no Middling Berbice, 67 a . , 6d. to 70s. 6 d.; low eft middling Jamai ca 73 5 . a 755. The price p aid' the Berbice wa s ra ther lower than at the last sale°:4 gad oi 55 o c g as a k s s FRUIT.—New Valencia Raisins have become ve'4 scarce, and none remain in the importers' hands, 5 , is difficult to purchase them now under 5 3 11 Red Smyrna Raisins are • taken off in s% parcels privately at 475. A public sale of varioti. d es criptions was brought forward yest e rday, but greater part being damaged affords no criterion the market prices. The Spic_e Market has shown some symptotp,ctsed°,l a revival. Pimento, which has lon g been neglet, 1)e, is in be t t er d eman d, .and , th is morning, may be quoted a sh a d e higher. The export of Spices to the Continent are considerable, particularly of India Ginger. The deliveries from the East toe warehouses of Pep Pe r, Ginger, and Cloves, '— been very large in the last week. - eO l6- The business i n Saltpetre is trifling, no Witeoftil tion at present being entered into. Th e F e: oPl° character of the last accounts' from Constantin ef, has had no effect on the price. Purchases are fccted at 23 - s. per cwt. - Cast The near approach of the Indigo Sale at the j 5 India House tends to slacken business; but the , leg at e no variation in price. The exports of this ar ticle large. t adf For Russian Tallow there continues to be a 4t e 1 and the deliveries in the week ending night have been 5,099 cwt. Nearly the whole 'flaf%i, tity expected this season from Cronstadt hasarr A ile to The market continues firm at from 38s . Su'oic 38s. 6d. per cwt. Bristles are dull; and a P a : e j,, sale on Friday afternoon, of 50 casks, was atte n e, 3 but there were no buyers to be found. Hemp Flax support the former prices. Excepting for East India Cotton, the dein° continues limited; of the descriptions me ntione d the deliveries have, in the last seven days, amoun t o to 121,335 lbs., the principal part of which i 9 exportation. nr ico i Raw Silks are very heavy, at a reduction n r - of from 6d. to Is. per lb. in the prices a week l , The Bengal Raw Silks to be sold in FebruarY taxed as at the last sale. The manufacturing "ti pertinent remains without alteration. The ime r i of French goods are, however, inconsiderable at'P r sent. heThe public will learn with much pleasure, t the long and useful services of Mr. FRIELING are 0 0 rewarded by conferring upon him the dignity of a Bar°'' —Morning Paper. LAW a LSounGil petiti on• i r marria ge of that th e stai Isis."londay .1141 r. tioß •thIS Case nil not Oth em i , ChanCellOr: Cheri before' f or Permi ss i M. s ift : this, and I Ilia LORI IN TH M r' 1 3 ,,, 1, T, 111 ileneb, in a hull doors get edgincr i s eat, lie entr °Hee more t would appo Petition. His tOR tition ? The 1- cBno . 4)° t: Gratt, i ssue yv ,., t i r esni „ The ° i'e( k one 4- 4 , 1 cloc It 11' w ill b ns ca.. e u4 e tc tee s to g' Ro , W - 11• ° Co, I 1441 of grou b d of A HOno ut ltdring 11 ) ntiniat eci rl t( granted, "( Ole ' 4 butas the I p a ° lr t t f h t‘ ink th V r ge cost; of th: b k u a nde not t r o be Term,