The Sun. — London, England, 1861-07-29 00:00:00

N' THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI- Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. Reproduction of the great drama of "The Dead Heart." THIS EVENING, the great Adelplti drama. THE DEAD 11 EA RT. Messrs. B. Webster, J. L. Toole, Fisher, Billing too, Eburne, Smith, Romer ; Miss Woolgar and Miss Kate Kelly. To conclude with (12th time) THE PRETTY HORSE BREAKER. Mr. J. L. Toole, Mr. Paul Bedford; Miss K. Kelly, Miss Woolgar, Miss E. Thorne, Miss Laidlaw, and Mrs. Chatterley, Doors open at half past 6—Commence at 7. (1 AN'VTR R IT R Y HALL AND FINE ARTS GALLERY. Verdi's New Opera, UN r,m,Lo IN MASCHERA, arranged and conducted by Mr. Jonghmans. Mr. Levy on the cornet-a-piston. Mr. Wood and his talented little Son, the best Negro Delineators of the day. The extraordinary comic duet, " The Nerves," by Messrs. Harvey and French, the most grotesque performance in London. Mrs. Lawrence and Mr. Marshall in several New Songs written expressly for him, including the " Excursion to Brighton." Admission, 6d.; Stalls and Balcony, is. RETURN of SAM COWELL to ENGLAND, \ill() will s hortly appear at his, old quarters, after an absence of five years. RE-DECORATION of this Magnificent HALL, executed by Mr. William Sanderson, of Lambeth, under the This direction of Samuel Field, Esq. , architect, is now comp. popular Place of Amusement now surpasses its former grandeur, and, with the FINE ARTS GALLERY and SPACIOUS PROMENADE, forms the MOST ELEGANT PUBLIC BUILDING in the WORLD. Considerable im provements have been made in the VENTILATION and LIGHTING. F 0 R D, FIFA TRE-110 Y AL, H AY.ARK ET. Lesmee, Mr. J, 13. Eactstoue. 11IS EVENING , the pertorrnimce s will qommento with ^2 a new Ballet, BACCHUS AND AB.IADNE. Miss Fanny Wright, the Leclereqs, Mr. Webster, &c. After which, a new Comedy, entitled MY LORD AND MY LADY ; or, It Might have Mr bee n Wors e. rles Mathews Mathewsrs., Mr. Andrews, Mr. Buckstone, s. Charles M &c. Followed by COOL AS A CUCUMBER. Mr. Charles Mathews. To conclude with TURNING THE TABLES.Commence at 7. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.— Lessee and Manaeer, Mr. A. Harris. THIS EVENING, the new comic drama, entitled A HOMESTEAD STORY, Messrs. Ryder Shore, and Miss Barris. Followed by HAMLET. Hamlet, Mr. Fechter. Sup ported by Hermann Vezin, Ryder, Meadows, &c. ; Misses (lab, Elsworthy, and R. Leclercq. T " 6, OXFORD-STREET. This noble building being now completel, its architectural beauty, elegance of ornamentation, and brilliancy of en hting* reader it one of the sights of the metropol is. Open Every Evening. The programme is varied, and includes Selectims (by a full company of principals, powerful band, and chorus) from " Macbeth" and "Un Ballo in M a schera." both operas by Verdi, the composer of the day—The wonderful Solos on the Cornet-a-Piston of the renowned LEVY—Scotch Duets by the Misses Stuart, and other vocal and instrumental music of the higheSt order. Conduc tor, Mr. F. Jonghmans. The Comic portion of the entertainm ent is supp o rted by Miss Green, Messrs. Sam Collins, Harvey, and French (the New.es), W. H. Wieland, E. Marshall, Stalls. Randall.. Admission, Hall, sixpenee ; Balcony and one shilling. Private Boxes, 10s. 6d. -- . lIIGH WATER. AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tit DA.T.—Morning, 6h. 20m.—Mternoon, 6h. 42m T O - M ORROW.-11.10nlin . g, 7h. 4m.—Afternoon. 7h. 24m, THE WEATHER...-SUN OFFICE, JULY 28, 1.861. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 70 —highest since noon yesterday. 52.—lowesi this morning and during the night. 68—this day at noon. BAROMETER-29.98 ; rising. WIND—W.-S.-Westerly ; fresh, with fine weather, but cloudy. There was more rain in the night. JULY 29. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 70—highest since noon yesterday. 52—lowest this morning and during the night. 6S—this day at noon. BAROMETER-30.09 ; rising rapidly. WlND—South-Westerly . ; light, with fine weather. rikCP 47'4* - :•"" a , 4 1 5; z t • - 1" • tt,` ‘4l,' 4~'~t THE SUN. LONDON, MONDAY, JULY 29, 1861. -- 410 General M'CLELLAN'S splendid successes in three consecutive days have quite changed the military aspect of things in favour of the Federalists. The moral effect, on which even the first NAPOLEON relied so much, will probably be even greater than the military gain, which is considerable. Our readers will remember the position of the Federalist and the rebel forces. The former having their easternmost post at Fort Monroe, at the entrance of the Bay of Chesapeake; but having nothing further, except three steamers on the Potomac, till we come to the main central army at Washington en both sides of the river. Thence westward we left General PATTERSON on the Virginian side of the river at Martinsburg, from which he had driven General JGIINSTONE. From thence we find Western Virginia, as far as the State extends southward, hilly, mountainous indeed, and the inhabitants favourable to the Union. Into this Western and loyal part, however, a large number of rebel troops had entered, and it was against them that we left General M'CLELLAN advancing, and anticipating, what he has found, some hot work. He was quite equal to it, however, and has probably cleared the loyal western part of Virginia of the rebel soldiers. Whether, however, the ex-Governor WISE would venture to remain there is not quite certain, from the accounts received. They speak of Western Virginia as quite freed ; yet of General WISE as still to be drawn out of the Kanawha Valley. Whether the Great or the Little Kanawha is not mentioned ; probably the latter, as it is near the scene of M'CLELLAN'S operations, while the other is considerably south of them. If it be, as we sus pect, WISE must, we should think, have decamped, as he would hardly like the neighbourhood of such a soldier as M'CLELLAX. M'CLELLAII'S despatches are dated the 12th, 13th, and 14th of the present month. The first announces the complete rout of the enemy's forces near Beverley, which is situated in the very midst of the mountain ranges in Western Virginia. A large number of prisoners being taken, also guns, waggons, and camp equipage. Ills loss was but small, and chiefly confined to a column under Gene ral ROSENCRANTZ, which was employed to turn the position of the enemy. But this active officer, in the spirit of his chief, boldly pushed on ;imme diately towards Beverly. Next day M'CLELLAN announces fresh successes—" all he could desire"— sis brass cannon, all the camp equipage, and trans port materiel, " even to his cups ;" 200 tents, a large addition to the prisoners, and 150 of the enemy killed and wounded, were the immediate fruits of the meeting. The enemy had, it seems, attempted to return to Beverly, but disconcerted by finding the troops of their pursuers advanced so far, retreated with all haste ; General MORRIS WAS following him up closely. M'CLELLAN estimated that he had driven out of Western Virginia some 10,000 troops. The same day he received an offer ' to surrender with the remnant of his troops, about 600 men, from General POGRAM. They seemed to be " extremely penitent," and determined never to be guilty again of the wickedness of taking up arms against the Government. The last dispatch tells as of a third victory, in which General GAnNETT, the commander-in-chief of the body to which :N d I`CLELLAN was o pposed, was killed. It is this I ) ateh which says that the " enemy is completely annihilated in Western Virginia," and that "he firml y 'bel ieves that secession is killed in this sec tion of the Country." Indeed, it ought to be M ' CLELLAN had a thousand prisoners on hand and seven captured guns, and though a pertion of GAE NETT's troops had retreated General rILL was in hot pursuit of them, expecting before long to capture thee]. Dam eneement of be earn- The effect of such , a co p a ;',gn, for it must be viewed as the real commence = w ill be very great. It shows that thel\Torth and skilful General has at least one young, ect . ive, who understands something better than routin,o, while h e i p , y , e tlap t yirn to bp thoroughly versed in military science ; a man, too, who has evidently th e power of infusing his own spirit into both officers and soldiers under him. One such man is equivalent to an army. His troops, too, are from the Western States, and he has therefore taught the South that the North-Western soldiers are more than a match for them ; the Southern boast having been, hitherto, that Northern farmers and shopkeepers could never stand against the "chivalry of the South." The chivalry, however, has had to turn, flee, or surrender in most " penitent" style before the young Northern General. We should not be surprised to find that this three days' battle in Western Virginia becomes what the battle of Maida was in the last French war—the battle which will reverse the current opinion, of the South respecting the superiority of their troops to those of the North, just as the Italian battle taught France and all Europe what they had little dreamed of before, that French infantry could not stand a bayonet charge of the British. If so, its moral effect will go far towards deciding the issue of the war. Of course the great battle is yet to be fought opposite Washington. General BEAUREGARD is thought to be in considerable foree there, and in all the part of Eastern Virginia, north of its capi tal, Richmond. But either from cunning or from fear, the South is very silent; and if the gallant Veteran SCOTT knows the strength of their army, which some say he does, he at least keeps his own counsel. I&CLELLAN'S movements have all been under his direction ; and it would seem that having cleared Western Virginia, he will bring PATTERSON andIVPCLELLAN on the flank of the rebel position as fast as the rugged nature of the country admits ; when, if he deems himself strong enough in front, he will push M'DOWALL forward, and then, fighting or retreating will be the only alter native for BEAUREGARD. His main army is said to consist of 55,000 men, and to have advanced lately about five miles towards Washington. As to Congress it is almost unanimous—minori ties of six or seven, at most, oppose the strongest resolutions. One was passed in this way condemn ing the Southern movement in the strongest terms and pledging the house to all the supplies requisite for crushing the rebelli )n. We mentioned the other day that seven members of the Senate were expelled for knowing of the conspiracy to rebel and not informing the Government of it. The civilians seem to be fighting their battle as vigorously as M'CLELLAN is fighting his. We may now look every day for some important move at Washington ; though SCOTT is not the man to be betrayed into premature action, by the success of one of his subordinate movements. Mr. LAYARD'S appointment as the successor of LorerWODEllousE will give satisfaction to others besides the numerous personal friends of the hon. gentleman, the member for Southwark. It is a selection that cannot but be regarded with interest by all the more impartial observers who—alien though their sympathies may be from the majority of the political opinions of Mr. LAYARD—have watched the career of that energetic aspirant for distinction as a public man, first of all in the arena of Literature, and afterwards in that of Parliament. AUSTIN LAYARD, though as yet but upon the threshold of power as an administrator, though as yet but in the early vigour of maturity, may be said without any exaggeration to have already won for himself two distinct reputations. As the Dis coverer of Nineveh his course has long since been run and the goal won triumphantly. Among the most interesting trophies of archmological research now collected together in the British Museum are those colossal attestations of the energetic labours which were carried to their completion with such extraordinary rapidity by this young antiquarian Adventurer. Among the most remarkable Books of Travel published within the pre sent century is the at once profound and enthralling, the erudite and romantic record penned by Mr. LAYARD of those gigantic inves tigations which led to the disentombment, after the lapse of so many ages, of the great Buried City, once the capital of the ancient world, doomed to de• struction by the wrath of God. Coming as Mr. LAYARD'S Discoveries, and as his picturesque and impressive narrative of thche Discoveries, did just mid-way between the cynical scientific unbelief enunciated in the "Vestiges of Crea tion," and the insiduous, and if we may so express it, purely ethical unbelief of the " Essays and Reviews." Mr. LAYARD'S opus mag num, as a man of letters and an archaeologist has left a salutary impress upon the age, one, the wholesome influence, of which—if only from the mere circumstance of being more instantaneously recognisable and widely appreciable by the masses —is calculated to be far more durable in its effects than either the " Vestiges of Creation " or the "Essays and Reviews," or, in point of fact, than both of them put together. The visible corroborations of the truth of Holy Writ brought to light by the combined agency of the daring hand, and the indefatigable genius of AUSTIN LAYARD will affect the belief of the world at large, far more powerfully, far more lastingly, than all the most audacious hypotheses ever indulged in by soi disant philo sophic daydreamers, or than all the most ingenious sophistries—sophistries, now " hinting" Doubt, now " hesitating " Deism ever put upon paper and printed and published by all the Essayists and all the Reviewers who have yet striven to reduce the Bible to the level of the Shag.- , ter and the Zendavesta. Apart altogether from his first and "finished" career as a literary antiquary, Mr. LAYARD has long ago adventured upon another and a very different career, indeed, that of a politician aspiring to assume a conspicuous place in the national Parlia ment as a Debater, as a Legislator, and finally as an Administrator. At the outset of this his second career, Mr. LAYARD gave large promise of realising very rapidly the high expectations indulged in by those who imagined they knew him best, and who felt confident that his energies and abilities would carry him onward —energies and abilities both cf them considerably above the average even among the leading men of his time and of his o wn age. How grievously these more sanguine observers were mistaken—how grievously we were all us more or less in error in so viewing Mr. LAYARD'S pro spects as a rising politician—the majority at least must bear in rather disagreeable remembrance. It was very much as if the old anti-climax were really and truly about to be recognised in his instance, in the instance of this archwological man -of - letters turned into a popular representative—the hon. "Member for Nineveh" as Punch called him—it was really and truly, we say, as if in this instance we were at length to see one who, having gone up lips a rocket, was to come down like a stick. Before any such melancholy spectacle could be witnessed, however,—and it actually did at one time seem to be very' imminent —M. LAYARD was (opportunely we now think it, for his reputation !) deprived of his seat in Parlia ment. During the interval which elapsed between the hon. gentleman's ignominious rejection by his first constituency, th a t o f Aylesbury, and his triumphant return' by his second constituency, his present constituency, that of Southwark— ' he had, what we hope and believe to have been alone THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JULY' 29, 1861. wanting, ample leisure for reflection. For, Mr. LAYARD'S failure in the House of Commons—it is satisfactory to remember this now, and to feel per fectly convinced of this—Mr. LAYARD'S failure in the House of Commons, while sitting there as the independent member for Aylesbury, arose in no way whatever from the fact of either his energy or his ability having been exaggerated—arose en tirely and exclusively from his extraordinary lack of discretion. And this we are disposed in a great measure to attribute simply to the precipitation with which the young and inexperienced M.P. plunged at once into the thick of the political fight immediately upon his gaining admission to the arena of Parliament. His position, we feel satisfied, would have been far more advanced than it is, bad he been less adventurous, had he been less eager to win distinction for himself at once without schooling himself cautiously to the 'win ning of it. He thought to fight his way into the very heart of the stronghold of power by a sort of coup de main, and the result was almost by ne cessity, that those who admired him the most, who looked forward most confidently to the witnessing of his early success both as a debater and as an ad ministrator, had the anguish here again of beholding that sorriest spectacle, that wretched bathos of public life, " the engineer hoist with his own petard. ,, Happily, however, before too late the electors of Aylesbury came, as we have said, to the rescue. Cruel only to be kind—they afforded Mr. LAYARD the opportunity of reviewing calmly th 3 blunders into which he had been hurried by his impetuosity and precipitation. The hon. gentle man's forced absence from the House of Commons, we are satisfied—if only by reason of his conduct during the brief interval which has elapsed since his election as M.P. for Southwark—Mr. LAYARD'S forced absence from the House of Commons has proved eminently beneficial. He has returned to the Legislature to a great extent an altered man—a' man so far improved, at least, in that he at length can add the virtue of discretion to the gifts of un- wonted energy and of very rare ability. However brief may be his career now as Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs, we count with some degree of con fidence upon his making good during that interval, be it long or be it short, his right to take rank, and that conspicuously, among the most gifted of our rising administrators. The Imperial Rescript, and the manner of its reception by the Diet, are now before Europe. FRANCIS JOSEPH has won for himself fresh laurels at St. Petersburg and Berlin and at the petty courts of Germany—and that of Madrid, too, if it notices him, will give him all due praise. We wish we could hope that our old Whigs and Tories did not inwardly rejoice that the Hapsburg obstinacy had fully resumed its eivay. The document, which we give in another column, may be described as one string of legal lies, set off a little by a series of arbitrary injunctions having no authority but the self-will of an Emperor of AUSTRIA, who is certainly not yet, legally, King of Hungary. In the face of treaties and documents to be found in every great library in Europe—in the face of well-known history, this impudent paper asserts the historical and real union of Hungary with the German provinces. We may truly say that it would not have been at all more in violation of truth and right, had Queen VICTORIA denied the merely personal union of the Crowns of England and Hanover, and insisted on the retention and amalgamation of the government of both countries. The Rescript does not even profess to answer the clear statements and arguments of the address. No doubt, for the best reasons. Its real meaning is—we will give such a constitution as we please to this ancient kingdom, after having suppressed its rightful one for a dozen years. With unparalleled effrontery it refers to Imperial acts of violence as proofs of what ought to be done. Past crimes are to be the unques tioned precedents for fresh crimes ! It assumes a right to pick and choose amongst the lawn of 1848, solemnly assented to by the Monarch of the day,declaring that FRANCIS JOSEPH had not assented to them ; as if the continuance of laws duly and constitutionally enacted depended on the will of a fresh Sovereign, that Sovereign, too, a usurper, im posed by Russian bayonets ! The Russian King of HUNGARY had never assented to what the real King of HUNGARY had signed—therefore he would repeal by his fiat all of those laws he did not like. The Diet in both houses treated the document with the contempt it deserved. It could not sup press laughter at the demand that it should send representatives to the Vienna Reichsrath, nor keep its indignant groans from becoming half audible as the more imperious and treacherous parts were read. Of course Austria calculates on two things— she has kept arms oat of the hands of the Hun garians, and Italy is too busy putting down the brigandage which issues from the Papal terri tories to attack Venetia just now. Hungary, how ever, can be firm. While she is so Austria must be weak. A power in Europe she can never be till she conciliates Hungary by admitting her legal claims, and relieves herself of the distracting and costly charge of garrisoning Venetia. She is now endeavouring to set up treacherously the other subordinate nationalities against Hungary, and she may partially succeed, but it will be at the cost of weakening herself more than Hungary. Before the 16th of December next, the Turner Collection must be under the roof of The National Gallery, or it will be los: to the nation to whom the great Artist had bequeathed it. Put it how we may—the dilemma is rather an anxious one. There is the Turner Collection now-at this moment, towards the end of July, poked away almost, one might say, like so much lumber in those wretched "Brompton Boilers" as they are called, down in the south east corner of South Kensington. There is the National Gallery at the same time in Trafalgar square—half choke-full with the picturespeculiarly appertaining to the National Gallery—and the other half of it still set apart for the convenience of the Royal Academy. But a few days more, and this last mentioned moiety of the building will be almost entirely emptied of its contents. The walls of its principal apartments—walls hitherto covered annually for no more than about three months at a time with the year's collection—the walls of the principaltpieintNationaln gs apartments of t up willti e he bt total t stripped r y oi Royal ptehdeolfBt6hl Academy-hal f the vari ous ari Exhibi tion. Then certainly will be the opportunity. That opportunity for which we have all so very long been looking forward. Then will be the very occasion, that is to say, when ( with a reason for doing it) the nation may claim from the Royal Academy the space hitherto lent to the Royal Academy in the National Gallery—to the extent even, that space, of one full half of the National Gallery. We have had the assurance very recently of the re sponsible administrator, that, whenever called upon to do so, the Royal Academy will retire from its present place in tho National Gallery. The Royal Academy has avowed its perfect readiness to do this whenever its withdrawal from the building may be required by circumstances. If ever they are to be required--by a very urgent necessity— , surely it must be now, it must be * before the I approaching 16th of December. By that date the stipulated period marked down in Mr. TURNER'S will, the stipulated period of so many years, within which the Turner Collection must be found a home in the National Gallery, or be irrevocably lost to the nation—that stipulated period will by that time, by the 10th of next December, have expired. The need there is now for thus recalling to the use of the National Gallery the suite of rooms hitherto lent as the building so designated to the Royal Academy —the need there is for this being done every one will allow to be at length to be most urgent, to he at length little else than imperative. Let the Royal Academy, then, be at last called upon to withdraw from their pre sent position in the National Gallery. Let the Turner Collection, immediatel: after the with drawal of the Royal Academy, be removed thither, under the roof of the National Gallery, from South Kensington. Otherwise—if those two changes be not effected by the 16th of December, the Turner Collection of Paintings, a collection alto gether prileless in value, will be lost to the nation. Supposing this calamitous loss really to befall the nation there is but one man, there is at any rate one man above all other men, who would be held responsible for it, And that man is Mr. COW PER, the First Commissioner ! CITY OF LONDON ELECTION. LAT EST NEW S. TURIN, SUNDAY. The Cfficial Gazette of to-day contains a report from the Minister of Finance to the King on the result of the subscription among the bankers to the national loan. The report is followed by a Royal decree. Tenders amounting to 564,000,000 f. have been accepted, but will be reduced 42 per cent. One hundred and fifty millions are to be offered to the public at the price of 70f. 50c. Bankers and subscribers for 100,000 f. and upwards will be allowed a commission of one-half per cent. on the nominal amount of their subscriptions. The public subscription is to be opened on Monday next, and will be closed on the sth of August. Count Fleury left yesterday for Paris. VIENNA, SATURDAY. In to-days sitting of the Lower House of the Reichsrath the President declared that the retire ment of the members of the Right yesterday arose from a misapprebensirn of his words. The members of the Right thereupon resumed their seats. LISBON, JULY 28. Disturbances have broken out in the province of Algarve respecting the new law of taxation. The insurgents have been in collision with the military, who are being reinforced. THE NOMINATION.-THIS DAY. The nomination of candidates to supPy the vacancy caused by the resignation of Lord John Russell, to repre sent the City of London in Parliament, toot place this day in the Guildhall. The proceedings were fixed to commence at 12 o'clock, at which hour there were not more than abut 300 persons present. Precisely as the clock struck the hour, Mr. Harker, the yeoman usher, came forward and read the writ commanding the citizens to elect a citizen to represent them in Parliament. Alderman Sheriff Auniss came forward and announced that the citizens had that day a very important duty to per. form, and claimed a fair hearing for all those who might address them, as order was indispensable to enable them to determine the candidate best suited to represent the City in Parliament. Mr. HENRY A. GIBBS said he had great pleasure in no minating the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor. (Cheers and hisses.) If he were an untried and new man he would have to detain them some time in telling them what his politics were. (Loud cheers, and cries of " Oh, we know them.") He was a gentleman whom they might safely trust to represent them in Parliament. (No, no.) He was well known to the citizens, both by the admirable manner in which he had upheld the pri vileges of the City of London. By returning the Lcrd Mayor they would be putting the right man in the right place—(cries of "go, no," "Wood," and "How about Andover")—and he confilently expected he would be re turned at the head of the poll. (" No, no," and uproar.) Mr. CHARLES WRIGHT said he hoped the meeting would give him their attention for five minutes while he seconded the nomination of the Lord Mayor. Before he had the honour of filling the civic chair, he had been fore. most in every work that could by any possibility benefit the city of London. He could not anticipate any difficulty about his being returned, but the citizens had once triumphantly elected John Masterman, and he was not so liberal—(oh, ob)—in many of his opinions as the Lord Mayor. (Oh, oh.) All parties were freely invited to the Mansion-house—(nproar) —and where s'ich impar tiality was observed he did not think they would act un• wisely in confiding to him the representation of the inte rests in the House of Commons. KIRKMAN HODGSON, M.P., in nominating Mr. Wea tern Wood, said the principles of both candidates were well known to the citzens, and upon them would devolve the selection of which of the two gentlemen would best repre sent their interests in Po.r!i,lnient. lie thought the opinions of Mr. Wood were more in consistency with the great body of electors than those of the Lord Mayor, and he was of opinion that he (Mr. Wood) would ably represent them in Parliament. Mr. WILLIAm JOHN HALL seconded the nomination. The SHERIFF having asked whether there were any other candidates to propose, The LORD MAYOR came forward and was received with great cheering by his supporters, and hisses by his oppo nents. He said if the citizens would give him their attention he would occupy them for only five minutes. (Cheers and interruption.) He had received a requisition signed by a great many of the most influential gentlemen in the city to come forward and fill the seat lately occupied by Lord John Russell, and under all the circum stances he did not feel himself justified in refusing to com ply with such an invitation. He looked upon it as a great honour to represent the City of London in Parliament, and in the event of the citizens conferring upon him that honour they might depend upon it that he would exert himself to the utmost to justify their electing him. (Confusion.) His opinions were well-known—(oh, oh) — and it had always been his great cbject to do the most he could to benefit his fellow-men. (Oh, oh, and confusion.) Mr. Wool) said it would be impossible for him to tell them what his opinions were unless they were quiet. If the citizens sent him to Parliament, it would be his pride to act with the Liberal party and by every means in his power to fearlessly represent the interests of that the greatest com mercial city in the world. (Hear, hear,) It had been said that his opinions with respect to church rates unfitted him for the support of the Dissenters, but he was open to reason on that subject. If it were shown to him that his opinions were wrong, he was not tbo man to persevere with them. He would cordially admit the fact and bow to the decision (Vim majority. (Hear, and cheers.) He trusted they would throw over any hersditary claim he might have on the citizens of London—(hear, hear)—and carry on the present contest purely upon Liberal principles. If they did that he felt his election was certain, because he believed the great majority of the electors of the City were .Liberals, and that they were strong enough to assert that principle triumphantly. (Cheers and confusion.) The SHERIFF then called for a show of hands, when about one-third of those present were held up for the Lord Mayor, and the remainder for Mr. Wood. The choice of the electors was then declared to have fallen on Mr. Wood, which announcement was received with tremendous cheering. A poll was then demanded by the Lord Mayor, and Mr. Harker announced that it would commence to-marrow morning at eight o'clock, and finally close at four in the afternoon. ROYAL VISIT TO WINCIIESTER.—Their Royal Highnesses the Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia, and the Princess Alice, attended by Count Buhl and Colonel Hardinge, landed in the Southampton Docks on Saturday afternoon, about 4 o'clock, from her Majesty's yacht Fairy. Master Commander Christian. The Royal patty were re ceived, on landing, by Mr. Hedger, Dockmaster, and Mr. R. Beach, Superintendent of the South /Western Railway Company, and proceeded immediately by special train to Winchester. Carriages were in waiting at the station o f that city, and the Royal visitors proceeded to tho Cathe dral, and, after a full inspection of that ancient edifice, drove to St. Cross Hospital, where they all partoak of the time honoured hospitality there tendered to travellers, in the shape of bread and cheese and ale. The loyal lieges of Winchester soon became aware of the rank and station of the illustrious visitors, and mustered in considerable num bers to witness their departure, giTing them a courteous and respectful reception as they passed along. On leaving St. Cross the Royal party drove direct to the station, and returned to Southampton, re-embarking, in the Fairy at half-past 6 for Osborne. Mr. Beach took charge of the Royal train to and from Winchester. LORD HERBERT.—We are sorry to say that the benefit Lord Herbert was expected to receive from a so journ at Spa, in Belgium, has not been realised. In con sequence of increased feebleness Lord Herbert desired to return home. His lordship, accompanied by Lady Herbert and his medio#l adviser, therefore left Spa, and on reaching Brussels his lordship was so ill that additional advice was sought. Lord and Lady Herbert arrived at Dover yester day from Calais, and were there met by the Marquis and Marchioness of Ailesbury, with whom Lord and Lady Her- bert -return to town to-day. Lady Dunmore received a telegram yesterday evening, by which it was inferred that Lord Herbert was no worse, and had not experienced any inconvenience by the journey. SUDDEN DEATH.---The Rev. Peter Turner, one of the leading Nonconformist ministers of Southampton, died in the roost awfully sudden manner last Friday evening. Between eight and nine o'clock the rev, gentleman was walking through Bevois-valley, when he was suddenly seized with a sort of fainting fit, and, finding himself very ill, he stopped into the Crown and Sceptre Inn for assistance. AS soon as he entered the house he fell into the arms of the landlord, Mr. G. Barnes, and expired almcst instanta necusly. Messengers were despatched for medical aid, and Dr. R. S. Fowler was early in attendance, but the vital spark had unhappily - fled, death having resulted from a fit of apoplexy. The deceased gentleman was prztor of the Victoria rooms' Congregational Church, and was much beloved and respected, not only by the body over which ho presided, but by the town at large. He has kft a widow and largo family to mourn their untirnelyloss. Nr. Turner's sudden and lamented death was referred to inappropriate terms in many of the pulpits of the town at yesterday's services. General Bosco, according to the Motimento of Genoa, is now at Civita Veechia, where he has frequent interviews with the chiefs of the reactionary party. Lovd Elgin, webelieve, it is now settled,will go to India as soon as circumstances permit of the ratan of Lord canning. --'Scotsman, FRANCE. BOURSE, July 27.—The market, though still without animation, has been rather more buoyant than yesterday, and prices are a shade higher. Threes, for the Account, are now at 67f 80c. The Railway Shares are firm, and with a slight improve ment on some of the lines. The following are the last quotations :- 41 per per Cents ... 97 50 Credit Foncier llBO -- Do end month.... 97 50 ' Belgian 41 3 per Cents Do. end month 67 80 Roman Bank Shares 2920 -- Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 670 Spanish Threes 4B Do. Account 671 25;Home Debt BAILWAYB. Cash. Account. Orleans 1385 1387 b 0 Northern.... New ditto 895 Lyons and Mediterranean 986 25 .. 986 25 Geneva 348 75 .. 348 75 Southern 586 25 .. 687 50 Western Eastern .... Sardinian Austrian Lombard 506 .. 506 25 PRUSSIA. A letter from Berlin, dated 26th inst., says : " A few weeks will elapse before Count Bernstorff will be installed as Minister of Foreign Affairs. He is actually at Carlsbad, and will first return to Lon don to hand over the embassy to his successor and take leave of her Majesty Queen Victoria. The foreign policy of Prussia will not undergo any change in consequence of Count Bernstorff assum ing office. It is fully believed here that the King will visit the Camp of Chalons. It is said that the whole of the cavalry of the Imperial Guard and all the Cuirassier regiments actually at Versailles will be concentrated in the camp. The King will pro bably remain at Baden till the middle of August." LITERAI'URE. Essays on English Literature. By T, M'Nicoll. Pickering. These essays are chiefly reprinted from the pages of the London Quarterly Review. They eiscuss the merits and deaieiits of some of the great masters of our literature, and the distinctive features of the writings of the present day. They display much thought and extensive reading, showing also considerable literary ability. The author is, however, somewhat extreme in his views and severe in his strictures. What he differs from or does not sympathise with he con demr s unsparingly, wanting therefore some of the qualities that are necessary to rightly appreciate the poet and the moralist. He would seem to have taken in some instances Macaulay for his model, undeterred by the rash extremes into which that most brilliant and fascinating of essayists was hurried by his uncompromising partisanship. IV e wonld also suggest to Mr. Nicoll that a greater simplicity of language would add to the merits of his style and greatly increase the pleasure of the general reader unfamiliar, with the army of poly syllables. The work is well worthy of perusal, arid the selection of subjects very attractive; but the reader would do well to weigh carefully the deci sions of the author, and to accept him rather as an able and intelligent companion than as a literary guide. Education in Oxford : its Method, its Aids, and its Rewards. By James E. Thorold Rogers, M.A. Smith and Elder. This is a work that will be acceptable to many, and that merits attention from its careful treatment of the subject to which it refers. In this age of new plans and this universal spread of education, it is the fashion of many to decry the time-honoured customs that prevail at the universities ; but those who consider deeply the question will not sub scribe to this subversive doctrine. Other branches of study may with advantage receive more attention, but to relinquish the regular clas sical education would be an irreparable injury. Sir Edward Lytton, in an address at one of the Scotch seats of learning, spoke in emphatic terms of the benefit derived from the study of the ancients, he said that the student would find this elevated task enriched the life-blood of his thoughts and that he quitted the university with a front the Greek had directed to the stars, and with a step that imperial Rome had disciplined to the march that led her eagles round the world. The author states although he has been for many years at Ox ford University, and taught several hundred under graduates, he has no motive to praise or to dispraise; he has no interest near or remote, with any hall or college, and no prejudice. Those who would obtain a fair idea of the purposes proposed and the plan carried out at the university cannot do better than avail themselves of this op portunity of perusing the remarks of one who is acquainted with his subject from personal expe rience, and who has stated his opinions in an equable style, with no vehemence or excitement of expres sion. The concluding passage is here given and will exemplify the views entertained by the writer of this interesting and instructive little work : " In many points the direct tendency of the university is to meet the needs of the time by cautious concessions. With very different views as to the points of detail, most Oxford men are agreed in considering that what now forms the staple of academical instruction should be re tained. It has stood the test of centuries, it is prolific of useful men, and it is due to other causes than those which are derived from it, that it has not produced great scholars and profound thinkers. Whatever may be their faults and shortcomings, no national institutions are so pure in their practice and so conscientious in their public life as the universities. The worst jobbing in the worst times at the worst college was integrity itself by the side of the dis• honesty with which the emoluments of endowed grammar schools have been administered. "That the universities should execrcise an increasing control over the education of the country must, it appears, result from their secularisation, their accommodation to modern habits of thought, and their public acts. It is not necessary that conformity should henceforth be the condi• Lion of academical distinction. Oxford has accepted the importunate wooing of physcial science, and recompensed it with a prodigal self 'sacrifice. It has initiated a volun tary system of school inspection. It has even opened its arms, at the earnest request of some among its body and a few of those without it, to medicine and mechanics, the nymphs who have either jilted it long ago, or disdained its addresses. " The universities have done much for the present, are doing more, and are strong in the past. They have been for centuries the nurseries of English youth, and have been democratic both in their meanness and in their dignity. The dawn of English history exhibits the prime of their rude strength ; their pedigree begins with that of the national liberties, and their domestic struggles coincide in all points with the best and worst ages of the national character." Catechism of Latin Grammar, adapted for the use _ _ of Schools and Families. Cassell. The object of this little book is stated in the preface to be strictly useful to be " sufficiently elementary for bezinnere, yet so constructed as to serve the purpose of a handbook or companion to the Latin Grammar at every stage of the pupil's progress." It is most likely that many will be glad to possess this useful guide to the intricacies of the Latin tongue, as it is often one of the chief obstacles in the way of the self-instructed that the standard works of tuition are so elaborate that they require an explanation before benefit can be derived from their pages. To those for whom it is especially de signed the publication of this Catechism is sure to be profitable. Social Aspects of the Italian Revolution. By Theo- dOsia Tlollope. Chapman and Hall. This volume consists of a series of letters from Florence which were written in the course of the last two eventful years. They have already appeared in the Athenceurn, and are now offered to the public in a collected form, with a sketch of events up to the close of last year. The object proposed by the writer has been not so much to chronicle the great events of the day—a task better left to sterner writers—as to sketch the effect of those events on the eager and excitable people among whom she was dwelling. The quick observation and ready sympathy of our Eng lish authoress rendered her well fitted for this undertaking and she has pourtrayed " the varying expressions of the popular mind, as it has been moved from hour to hour by hope or fear, misgiving or confidence, disappointment or triumph, while the impressions were yet fresh in the writer's mind, with due local colouring and characteristic physi ognomy." Her volume will thus form a supplement tollarger and graver works, giving as it does, a vivid picture of the effects produced in Florence by the stirring and startling caanges of the last two years. Peter Sehletnihl. From the German. Translated by Sir John Owring, with plates by George Cruikshank. Third Edition. Hs.i•dwicke, Pic cadilly. The shadow of the famous " Shadowless J\ lan" is not likely, according to the Eastern proverb, ever to grow less; and i ts qua i nt w i s d om has taughtits lesson to many lands, and will pro bably do so for many generations. This edition comes before us with special claims to notice. It is more than twenty years, we are told, in the preface, since Sir John Bowring translated this celebrated work from the German, and was aided in his task by the pencil of Cruikshank. Two editions were rapidly sold, and Chamisso himself was delighted with the work. There have since been many English versions of the history of the unhappy Peter, but we are glad to see the re appearance of thi s o ne—h av i ng the right of priority added to the special attractions of an easy style and the graphic sketches of Cruickshank's humourous pencil. SPAIN. According to the Madrid journals of the 23d, the populations of Santander and all the adjacent towns were manifesting great enthusiasm at the presence of the Queen in their province, and were sending deputatit,ns to present congratulatory ad dresses to her Majesty. One of the journals having said that the English ship of the line St. Jean d'Aere had left Gibraltar for Almeria and Malaga, and that the belief was that she was charged to receive the insurgents of Loja, who are in flight, the semi-official Correspondancia remarks:— "The relations between the English and Spa nish Cabinets are at the present moment more cordial even than in the war of independence. The protestations in favour of the dynasty and of social order in Spain, which have been recently and solemnly made by the representatives of Queen Victoria relative to the events in Andalusia, leave not the slightest hope to the enemies of the laws in Spain that they will obtain any protection from England." Another insurgent of Loja, of the name of Mel lado, had been condemned to death and executed, and two others had been sentenced to 20 years' hard labour, and three to 12. New arrests of persons accused of having taken part in the insurrection had been made at Fuenta-Serna and Alhama, and in conscquence the number of individuals in the prison of Loja, who were awaiting trial, was not fewer than 413. The Clamor Publico, owing to its condemnation to 00,000 reals fine, had ceased to appear. The fire in the Northern Railway station, which has been mentioned by telegraph, was caused by a lccomotive of which the fire had not been completely extinguished, having been., placed in a wooden shed. The flames, which were fanned by a high wind, reached. other sheds, in wood, and all these structures were destroyed, together with their contents, consisting of materials and car riages. The royal train which, as stated, was in one of the buildings, was reduced to ashes. It was composed of 12 splendid vehicles. The total amount of damage done is estimated at 800,000 reals (the real is about 25c.) AMERICA. QUEENSTOWN, JULY 28. The Royal Mail steamship Europa arrived here at 11 a.m., embarked mails, passengers, and latest telegrams, and proceeded for Halifax and Boston at four p.m. All well. THE WEST INDIA AND PACIFIC MAIL, SOUTHAMPTON, JULY 29. The Royal Mail steamship Tasmanian has arrived here with the above mails, 156 passengers, 1,227,873 dols. in specie, and a general cargo. She left St. Thomas's on the 15th inst. At Valparaiso business remained without im provement. Ti.ere was little demand for exports. Money was difficult to procure, and no discounts were niacin except on the very best paper. The elections were likely to pass off without excitement, and it was supposed that Perez would be elected without opposition. The Federal forces and Mosquera's army had had an engagement near Bogota, in which both sides lost heavily. The Government forces were com pletely routed, and fled back to Bogota. The field was covered with dead bodies, and the Cuartel was full of prisoners. It was reported that Mosquera had marched upon and occupied the city. The news from Bolivia is unimportant. Valparaiso exchange on London, 90 days, 41 to 441 ; Paris, 450. At Demerara business was exceedingly dull, the import of provisions being barely sufficient to meet the demand. Tonnage ample. Four ships had arrived from India with upwards of 1,200 immi grants. The exports of colonial produce exhibited a consi,lerable increase for the past six months. The weather at Barbadocs had improved, but planters were engaged in completing the operations connected with the crop. The markets continued very unsettled. American imports were declining in price. Exchange.—Bank bills, 30 days', 490 dols. There is no news of importance from Jamaica. Her :Majesty's ship Spiteful, for whose safety appre hensions were entertained, had reached Port Royal, and was under orders for Havannah. Business re mained very unsettled, and, except for immediate consumption, there was no demand. Much rain had fallen, and the crops were likely to suffer there from. Coffee was quoted 455. ; rum, 2s. 6d. for proof 18 in . bond. Sugars ranged from 13s. to 17s. Exchange, 90 days', per cent. premium. A NEW BRIDGE AT BLACKFR_TABS. The Committee of the Corporation of London for the Bridge House Lands have had under their con sideration for some time the best mode of providing for the public convenience, which has been some what jeopardised by the state of the present; bridge. After much deliberation they determined to call upon the principal engineers in England for de signs for a new bridge, leaving them quite unfet tered in their arrangements and designs. The pro ductions of these gentlemen, and of some rising engineers who were desirous of bringing forward their ideas voluntarily, have been under the consi deration of the committee, who, doubtless, have had enough to think of, since the designs submitted to them are not less than 12 in number, many of them most elaborately drawn, with details of construc tion. The engineers were Mr. Barlow, Mr. Brere• ton, Mr. Goodehild, Mr. Bruniees, Mr. Jos- Cubitt, Messrs. E. Bidder and E. Clarke, Mr. R.W. Mylne (grandson of the architect of the present bridge), Mr. Fowler, Mr. Hawkshaw, Mr. G. Rennie, Sir J. Rennie, and Mr. Page. Amid such a variety of highly-creditable designs by men of acknowledged talent, the committee were called upon to exercise tneir best judgment, and on Saturday they finally decided to select the design of Mr. Page, and ap. pointed him the engineer f o r its construction. The pains taken by the co mmittee to obtain th) most appropriate design reflects upon them the hi g h est credit.— Obserrer. 500 the Emperor Theoderic aboli s h e d th e duty THE FIRST ABOLITI ON OF THE PAPER DUTY.-- About A.D. on papyrus, which contributed to the revenue; of the noma ; L ,, n o r e, and upon which fre s h i mposts had beet successive ors congratulated rulers, u t he whole rit i lthe they rerld on t h e repea becam e oppress i ve. laid ca b ssi 2 d , u of the impost on an article so essentially necessary to the human race, the general use of which, as Pliny says, " polishes and immortalises Lll4ll,"— htechanics' iffogazino. LAW 1:11 , TELLICEN CE.—( This Day.) MOUSE OF LORDS. Peers preseut—Lord Cranworth, Lord 'Wensleydale, Lord Chelmsford, and other peers. THE HON. DAME GRACE CHARLOTTE MENZIES V. SIR ROBERT MENZIES, BART. These were appeals and cross appeals from several in terlocutors of the Court of Session in Scotland. Counsel for both parties consented that the noble and learned lords present should dispose of both appeals as on a special case for arbitration without reference to the judicial procedure in the cause. With regard to first appeal, which called in question the right of the late Sir Neil Menzies to burden his entail lands with a fourth share, as a life-rent provision thereof in favour of his widow, Lord Cranworth affirmed the decision of the Court of Session, and dismissed appeal with costs. And as to the cross appeal which raised the question as to the right valuation of the shootings let and unlet on the estates of Foss and Kannochet, Lord Cranworth was of opinion that £35 per annum for building shooting lodges, and £35 for a policy of insurance during the widow's life, was a reasonable and proper deduction to be made from the occupation rent to be paid by Sir Robert Menzies. Lord Wensleydale and Lord Chelmsford entirely con curred. Lord Cranworth affirmed the decision of the Court. of Session, and dismissed this appeal without costs. POLICE INTELLIGENCE.—(This Day.) MARLBOROUGH-STREET. APPLICATION TO THE MAGISTRATE.—This morning Jeanne Marie, the young French girl who was complainant against her father, Victor Marie, a few days ago at this office, for the most gross conduct towa r d s h er , a tt en d e d be fore the Hon. Mr. Norton with her mother, who she said was fearful that her husband would be able to find bail and come and ill-treat her and his family as ho had done before. Mr. Norton—Do you think your father is in his right senses ? Applicant—He once took vitriol, 10 years ago, and the doctor said he thought it had affected his head. He is bad every three weeks or so. Mr. Norton—lf he does get out he must behave him self, or the parties who are bail for him will have it for feited and be the sufferers. Applicant—Cannot my mother have a separation? He has threatened all of us, and we do not know what to do with him? Mr. Norton—lf he does come out and further molests you or your mother, you can come to this court again. The applicant thanked the magistrate and retired. THAMES. SMUGGLING ON TowEn-HlLL.—James Lincoln, a re gular contraband trader, was brought before Mr. Woolrych charged with unlawfully carrying and conveying 71 lbs. of foreign manufactured tobacco, which had not paid duty. Mr. Thomas Smith, a Custom-house officer, said he met the prisoner just before 8 o'clock yesterday (Sunday) morn ing on Tower-hill, and suspecting from his bulky appear ance that he had smuggled goods about him, he stopped him and said, " Have you anything liable to duty about you." The reply was in the negative. He did not believe the pri soner, and upon conveying him to the station house found upon him 71 lbs. of compressed foreign manu factured tobacco. It was concealed under the prisoner's clothes, and round his body. The Cologne steamer, from Rotterdam, had arrived at the St Katherine's wharf a few minutes before he stopped th• prisoner, and he had no doubt the prisoner brought the tobacco from that vessel and that it was smuggled to thin country by one of the crew or a passenger. The prisoner, a tall, heavy fellow, about 50 years of age, said in defence, it's all right. Mr. Wuolrych—No, it's all wrong. You are fined £3 18s. 9d., the single value and duty on the tobacco, and in, default, 14 days' imprisonment and hard labour. SHOCKING DEATH. An inquest was held on Saturday at the residence of Dr. Brodhurst, 20, Grosvenor-street, by Mr. Langham, deputy coroner for Westminster, upon' the body of Mrs. Elizabeth Brodhurst. Dr. Brod hurst said that deceased was his wife, and her age' was 32. Last Tuesday evening they both dined together, after which he went out to attend a meet ing. On his return, about 10 at night, he found his wife in the drawing-room writing a letter. He sat with her for a short time, when she told him the purport of the note, and was writing another to a friend, when he left her to go up to his own room to change his coat. Just as he was getting to his room ha heard loud cries of " I'm on fire." He rushed down and found his wife in the middle of the draw ing-room enveloped in flames. Her clothes were entirely consumed, and the furniture near her was. on fire. She had on a white muslin dress. She dict not seem to have lost her presence of mind, for she , requested the rug to be rolled round her and the bell to be rung for the servants, which he did, and ex tinguished the flames about the upper part of her person. Immediately the bell was rung three ser vants rushed in, and he believed the reason of their being so near the door was because his wife had rang the bell before for prayers. Unfortunately she had on one of those crinolines made of steel hoops.. Every means was tried to extinguish the fire about, and under the hoops with the sofa cushions and other things at hand. He also knelt on and tried to com press and break them for the purpose of putting the fire out, but all without avail, and they had to be cut off before it could be extinguished. She had been writing with a candle by her side which had burnt down in the socket, and he believed that she had tried to reach an envelope from the case, when the light caught her muslin sleeve. Sh e di e d about five o'clock the following day. Thomas Glasgow, the butler, confirmed his master's evidence, as did also Ellen Fletcher, the nursemaid, who deposed to the difficulty in putting the fire out, owing to the " hoops. Dr. Gull, of 26, Brook-street, Grosvenor square, deposed to seeing the deceased lady ir. her bedroom. She was conscious, although se:Li:tering greatly. She was burnt very mu l ti on boas arms and about the head, face, and I ",,ack. She was most extensively burnt about t i ne legs. The de ceased lady never rallied, as th e shock to her sys tem was so great, and she died from the effects of the injuries received 'As regards the remarks of Dr. Brodhurst about crinolines, he could hardly agree with them. He wished to say one word with re spect to the getting up of these light dresses. If the laundress in preparing these dresses would put small portion of sulphate of salt or sulphate of soda into the starch it would render them perfectly in combustible, at the cost of about one-tenth of farthing per dress. He hoped the press would no tice this, because then, he said, Dr. Odling, of Guy's Hospital, would communicate through them the name of the article. He had seen the experiment tried on two pieces of linen, one prepared with the sulphate and the other not. The one that was prepared was held over a candle, and the flame had no effect at all upon it, but directly the other was held over it was consumed. In these days of art and science he considered it was shameful that some thing of this sort was not done to prevent these sad occurrences. Dr. Gull said, so sudden was the combustion that the figures of the muslin dress were left on the floor unburnt. The Coroner, in summing up, said the suggestion made by the doctor was a valuable one, and he hoped it would be noticed by the press. He hoped, too, these' things would be noticed by laundresses; for ifr in the present case, something of the sulphate had been put into the starch, the deceased. lady's life might have been spared. If it had not been for the crinoline too her life might have been, saved. He thought that s h e was ano th er v i c tim 01 the prevailing costume among ladies. The just' returned a verdict " That d ec ea se d di e d from in juries received by accidental burning." MR. ANDERSSON'S NEW TRAVELS IN AFRICA. — Messrs. Hurst and Blackett have just issued the new - work entitled " The Okavango River," a narrative of travel, ex ploration, and adventure, by Mr. Charles John Andersson, the author of " Lake Ngarui." This work will be perused with avidity by all interested in geographical discovery, while to the sportsman its pages are most attractive. Mr. Andersson's adventures among the savage African tribes on his progress to the Okavango River, are full of the most ex citing details, and his explo its in the p ursuit o f elephants , lions, rhinoceroses, giraffe s, and other denize ns of the Afri can wilds, even exceed i n darin g and dan ger those incomme nmaorrraatteidve,"The Okavango is illustrated by ek s eries of excellen t en g ravin g s. T HE CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKES.- 4 -F rom observa tions made at different times upon a volcanic mountain, called La Souffriere, or the Sulphur Hill, in the island of Guadeloupe, M. Gentili, a parried by the sinking of navy, has concluded that e physician in the French it to be formed of large solid earthquakes are aceom eangularni ng s p mountains . acb numerous intervening of La Souffriere is composed of tarchyte. If v " suppose its interior and the lower strata surrounding this substance, with - es filled with gases, then the escapeof of the these gases by the mouth volcano, . i and the filling up of these vacant spaces by the lockTsheof base settling down of the track f blocks will cause earth quakes. This c y tie . appears to be the case in. Guadaloupe, where earthquakes are very frequent. The i s land in. the vicinity of La Souffriere is almost always i 3 motion, and appears to have sunk considerably ailing the p as t h a lf- cen t ury. Ab ou t fifty years ago, its height, according to Moreau de Jonnes, was 1,57 0 m etres. In 1843 it was measure d by M. Ch. Sainte-claire Devillc, and found to be 1,484 mares. M. Gentili h as lately measured its height twice with great care, and found it to be only 1,460 metres. These meas uremen prove that this mountain is gradually sinking' From these facts M. Gentili infers in genera l that __T _ sinking of mountains is the cause of earthquakes. 'La: inference should, however, bo accepted with lim itation u l a ! theie may be several causes of earthquakes. They s in 3' arise from chemical as well as from mecha nical change ur the int oriel. of the earth. In the prese nt state of o_ , knowledge we can only say th a t e arth qu akes and the sin pcs , ing of mountains accompany each other.—.llfechaft Aragazfur‘ 31 ON There anee in Nanufac has bee] At M„, The oi have been tot been II ," York idlands proved z North -Ea T he Fo hav e -rest at - reat i n , 10 ' . 4 via tc Joint S re mained t eti lise 2( b il A i° l l of Penis t ;klc Stol3clx] Per Cent. ,Per Cent. lew 3 per zi (Cm Stock bitto 5 bitto En tato 5 1 bitto Bo: ~I)itto uni `'o4,Aols for (.•hequer , 10 Ditto Sir F( ~ Qxi can 3 Pitti,th 3 uguese t N T 8 Oit , . e •Lniah Ce sg kish Pitt() Gu e4eZilelar Div Congols, bitt,