The Sun. — London, England, 1831-01-11 00:00:00

SPIRT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS• Nearly all the organs of public opinion in Belgium, and a Li ge portion of the National Congress, have pronounced a severe sentence on the protocol of London, and the conduct of their diplomatic agents who had considered it an unqualified recognition of independence. Every expression in the document is regarded with suspicion, or twisted into an offence. Even the title of " the King of the Netherlands," which it necessarily employs as no other has yet been coined, is considered as an insult to the Bel gians, though it ought to have been well known to those patriotic critics, that Royal titles are not changed in a day, and that the French lilies ap peared in the arms of England till the time of George 111. The word "future independence," viewed through the same distorting medium, has been construed into an intimation that Belgium is not now independent, though the omnipotent Con gress has pronounced its awful decree. It required a great deal of perverted ingenuity to find in these and other expressions any studied insult to those proud assertors of their country's honour. William I. will doubtless take the title of King of Holland, at the end of these negotiations, and the indepen dence of Belgium will long,' we trust, be future, in the sense of the term, as employed in the protocol. The Belgian diplomatic critics, in their more formal objections, seerreto.be very ungrateful and very un reasonable. The five Powers have certainly no right to dictate to the Belgic people what constitution or law they shall adopt, or how they shall regulate their internal affairs; but by the very appeal which has been made to their Councils, they are acknowledged as umpires in the settlement of international disputes, which, if continued, might compromise their own tranquillity. In short, notwithstanding the offence taken at the expression, they have a right to dictate in those external arrangements which may be thought necessary to reconcile the future independence of the new state with the preservation of the general peace, and with what may appear to them the just balance of power. As regards the interests of Bel gium, their intervention has been already serviceable, and their power has never been abused. Their au thority has brought about a cessation of hostilities preparatory to an armistice between the Belgians and their former master, and has secured to the former the free navigation of the Scheldt. Are these benefits to be accepted without incurring any corre sponding obligations; and are the party thus favoured anti protected,—thus relieved from the necessity of obtaining doubtful rights, by the still more doubtful Inizerd of a sanguinary war,—to make no sacrifice of pride or prejudice for the general peace ? Is no regard to be paid to the counsels of that part of the alliance which, from the beginning, sympathized with the feelings and protected the weakness of the insurgents, in order to enable them to maintain their friendly relations to each other, while they restrain principles and check movements hostile to the Belgians ? There ran be no doubt that but for the friendly interposition of France and England, the other three Powers, or Prussia alone, would soon have enabled the King of the Netherlands to recover his lost authority ; and it is neither very wise or very grateful in the Belgians to exact such eonditions, or to enforce such punctilios, as may render the independence of the new state incom patible with the existence of the European alliance. The great point in dispute is the province of Lux embnurg ; and whatever may be said of the rights of the p: ogle of the Grand Duchy to assert their union with Belgium, the protocol has decided nothing against !hem. In recognizing the inde pendence of the new state, that document only makes a prudent reserve of the claims of third parties to a particular district. The explanation of this in solent and refractory conduct is easily found. The Belgian; know, that from the relative position of the different members of the alliance, they can open the Temple of Discord when they please to he obsti nate, and therefore are disposed to take a dishonest advantage of their benernctors. In the nomination of a Sovereign the Allies hove not so direct an in terest as to warrant their interference, except in circumstances where the connexions of the candidate would necessarily lead to a change in the relative situation of the Allies. Thus, the election of a Prince of the House of Orleans to fill the new throne would be considered as tantamount to an union with France; and a Pr ussian Prince would be objectionable on the same grounds. The Allies, therefore, by passing the self-denying ordinance on which they acted in the case of Greece, may pre, vent this cause of jealousy, and secure themselves against any contingency of quarrel. But the Belgian Congress, with its usual peeversity, seems resolved to throw inn the apple of discord whether it be taken up or not. Three sections or committees of this assembly have passed a vote in favour of a French Prince, and one fie,ti:m has pronounced in favour of a union with France. The result of the general scrutiny is not yet known ; bue if we could fund out what would be the most displeasing to the Minis terial Congress at London, we might safely predict rue vote of the National Congress at Brussels.— The agitators of the repeal of the Union in Ireland seem determined to grapple with the law and with the State as now existing; and indeed the war, the preliminary battle, —namely, that of proclamations and counter-proclamations—has been carried on for some time with no common activity and bitterness. Lord Anglesea, since his very recent arrival in Dublin, has already issued two proclamations, and thereby prevented the meeting of Mr. O'Connell and his partisans, under the same number of successive titles which they had assumed. But nick-names are " as plenty as blackberries" with these gentlemen, however scant they may be of reasons ;" and Mr. O'Connell accordingly, on Thursday last, gave notice of another anti-English christening, when the child's designation was to undergo a new change from that of society for the " Repeal of the Union," to tile general " Association of Ireland, for the prevention of unlawful meetings, and for the protection and exercise of the sacred right of petitioning for a re dresc of grievances." We have heard before now of the Devil quoting Scripture, when he happened to have any thing of more than common 6ersle-eraft ill his head, and we presume Lord Anglesea had same suspicion that the above fine phrases, copied from the venerable volume of the Constitution, meant matters rather different from what the words imported; seeing that, instead of writing a compli mentary letter to congratulate Mr. O'Connell on his patriotic abhorrence of" unlawful meetings," and his zeal for the protection of acknowledged rights, his Excellency appeared to take for granted that the professions of tho Learned Agitator were " all gammon ;" that dal scheme, when stripped of its varnish of fine worse ; was just a new device, undc: a fresh form, for hsiarn• ing the populace, and disturbing the public safety ; and the Lord-Lieuw:ont in consequence authorised Mr. Stanley to enforce the" Act for the suppression of Dangerous Associations in Ire land," in aid of this very loyal and consekv.l . 4iye :effort of the anti-Union Parliament, " to prevent mdaedel meetings," by proclaiming the said pre ventive m eeting itself to be " a dangerous essocia tioo," mid prohibiting its assembling then or at spy fawn: time. That the intent of the old associators under the new is well described by the Lord , Lieutenant. when he states that " under the shift wizl device of preventing wi i ,"anful meetings, and of protecting the rights of petition, the said associa tion sac been established really for the purpose of intimida.e:ng the Magistracy of Ireland, ial.4 of con ,;!rolling the exereile of lawful authority, anal. 4;,r ,other dangerous purposes,"—that such is the thee'. :and unquestionable timatnngof this new mystitica •tion tom ted to by the taatious, ther e rect efficac can be little doubt ; and whatever can be the diy of such measures on the part of Gov ernment, to wards the que llin g of the m ischievous sprit in which the anti-Union plot originated, that every day's collision will help more clearly no to d e velop and expose its r eal object, we are l thoroughly satisfied. What, then, is to be done ? ;. from Dublin, and from the north of Ireland, that the Catholic gentry have no partnership nor sympathy with the disaffected ; and that the eyes of the whole Protestant body, from the highest to the lowest, begin every hour to see more distinctly the dreadful gulf which yawns already to receive them. But that is not enough : not merely law and physical force, and the means of triumph, ought to be on our side, should the enemy show himself in arms, but such a virtuous, conciliatory, and provident course of policy ought at once to be had recourse to by the Government and Legisla ture, as would make manifest to all mankind that our cause was not that of tenacious power—or of stubborn selfishness—or of fierce and vindictive pas sion ; on the contrary, that the dearest interests of the Irish people were identified with a resolute resist ance to this conspiracy against the duration of the empire. We have said before now, that the griev ances of Ireland must be redressed--and they are many. The subletting act, designed for the coin- MOH welfare of landlord and tenant, has been so acted upon by the almost simultaneous, but unfore seen, abolition of the 40s. freeholds, and by the literal, though not reasonable, construction of some of its clauses, as to open up and overturn a great number of pre-existing contracts, and to work wide and unheard-of misery amongst the ejected poor. That act must be powerfully modified, and, we trust, will he so instanter. A great land-proprietor of the county of Kilkenny is said, but it is only on hearsay that we have learned it, to have enforced that law extensively against a numerous body of under-tenants on his estate. It is this gentleman whose trees were lately destroyed in his own pre sence. If he can contradict the above report, we shall willingly insert his refutation of it. The Vestry Act of Mr. Goulburn is a tremendous evil. It gives to any two or more Protestants in a parish the uncontrolled right of levying (so far as we are informed) whatever sums they may think fit, for re paling, or beautifying, or enlarging, or otherwise altering their parish church, and of compelling the Catholic parishioners, who have no interest in the application of the money, to pay it by a peremp tory assessment ! This we conceive to be a mon strous abuse of law,—a cruel violation of the very first principle of British liberty, which gives the subject a voice in the employment of his own money. This grievance ought at once to be re dressed. The church of Ireland is far too richly endowed, in proportion to the number of Protes tants. The Catholic clergy ought to be connected with the State, by a maintenance adequate to their wants. During the interval that elapses before any extensive system of Reform can be perfected, let the Tithe Composition Act, which works so well, be made compulsory on the parochial clergy. The Dr. Butler, who was lately visited by a crowd of menacing petitioners for the reduction of his tithes, is, we understand, one of those who never would compound with his parishioners. The poor of Ire land must be more tenderly treated, by having funds provided out of the land, either as wages for their labour, or as support for them in unwilling idleness. England, as well as Ireland, demands this improve ment in the Irish law. The immense assessments made on Irish counties must be taken out of the hands of those notorious job -masters, the grand Jurymen : 800,000/. per annum has been raised by them on the people, and wasted the Lord knows how. These are some, and we believe the principal wrongs at which Ireland may fairly murmur, and the continuance of which, now that they are known, must, in the nature of things, make proselytes to the O'Connell plot. Let Parliament defeat his manoeuvres at one great blow ;—let it examine what ought to be done, and do it without another year's hesitation ;—let it " be just, and fear not."—Times. It was last month stated by a Morning Contem porary that we were actually in a revolution—an observation literally and essentially true, though not in the vulgar acceptation of the term. Every dis cerning and reflecting man sees the revolution of opinion and property now in active operation. We remarked on Saturday week, the singular and almost unnoticed alienation taking place throughout the country between all ranks of the people and the clergy. The country papers teem with reports of close vestry contests, of rancorous local feuds on fourpenny and sixpenny church rates, and of the in creasing agitation of the anti-union question of Tithes. Now that the mattress is not large enough to hold the parson and the agriculturist, the former is bolstered and kicked out of bed without notice or ceremony. Religion, so far as the institutions of priests are concerned, is apt to be considered by mankind in the light of a luxury. When they can afford to purchase it, on reasonable and comfortable teems, they buy freely. But when the necessaries of life become scarce and costly, men dispense with the superfluity of a church establishment. Even the women, who form the majority of eminently pious persons, lose their evangelical feeling. Two centuries have not elapsed since the memorable revulsion in the public mind of Englund from Papal dominion, and the priestcraft of the Stuart dynasty, to the Church economy of the Commonwealth. A few short years of symptomatic warning and groans against the Established Clergy and Tithes, from 1630 to 1648, placed, in the Statute Book in April, 1649, that hitherto singular 0 Act of the Commons of England in Parliament assembled for the abo lishing of Deans, Deans and Chapters, Canons, Prebends, and other offices and titles, of or belong ing. to any Cathedral, or Collegiate Church or Chapel within England and Wales." And be it observed, that this profane Act was passed in times of excessive religious zeal, and accompanied by new laws " for the propagation and preaching of the Gospel." The eonfiscatien of the Church property by that uprooting Act, was nevertheleas shrewdly restricted to " the good of the state ," for, to the credit of our Puritanical ancestors, they ex pressly excepted the revenues and rents for the maintenance of grammar schools, alms-houses, universities, and other foundations of learning. — It seems that they valued knowledge more than priestcraft, This bold legislation and utter extinction of the Hieratehy was preceded by those subterranean rumblings and explosions which give warning of volcanic eruptions. The peesecue tion of liberal and philosophical opinions ; the pres sure of the tithes, aggravated by the pecuniary die. treesee ,9f civil contentions ; corresponding disre spect for the seleisy (the Lord Bishops not being the Lord's Bishops i d e. the eyes od of the Reformed Protestants) ; all these and other pruced the Ecclesiastical Revolution of the eeeeenteenth ,centur y , I.Ye will not indulge in any historical dis quisitions ; thelan/e . are undeniable, whatever their first oe secondary causes ; and those who are close observers of the signs of the inaes, cannot full to discern singular parallel between the eireemstartees which preceded tie civil wars and those which usher in the eventful year 1831. A civil war has come m t eneed between the landowners and the clergy. Adam :m,!ti:celettlated, fifty years since, " that if all mo d uaea en d alt iospeo;?riations were taken away, the complete Church - tithe of lire: Pritaie and Ireland could riot well be estimated at less thin; sit er:.. seven saaillione." Its present amount, pumped up by war ! pr ,eea e ie -el rapacity, would be grossly under - rated by a e , . comparison With this old estimate. «'e will not attempt to calculate its net amount or rI proportionate i pressure on the several cl aseee o f society. he Stil -1 ttsstee egleting to tithes and Titholog;v fill a closely printed eneteeo ,yolume of 300 pages ; the reported cases are manis elsonsened in number ! ean it be supposed that this sewi's4 4,10./I;3,f:quid fasten itself exclusively on the agriculturists, ees:i Oat, they would remain quiescent and patient sufferers in it:.', Wipe c The " burden of tithes" was unquestiottabiy a sarvisag cause of the origin of the set of Quakers, and a tire iresrease of the Independents. Liberty of habit, drab esioeluee, hats with brims like a cottage roof, and an unlimited snperietsioi ,and use of pre nouns, were doubtless pleasant possees,:cne: but ex emptions from tithes, from oaths, and thence from ma;;y burdensome uilices, and security from being drawn for the militia, were substantial liberties much more to be coveted. The modern antagonists of the comuulsive slipendia of tithes are cunningly imitating - the old Puritans in the rationale of °ppm. don. They piously contend for religion as well as for their own goods and chattels. Tithes should be abolished (say they), that the ministers of religion tnay receive more certain stipends; secondly, tithes are a judaical support of " a hireling ministry," ill calculated, by rendering " the wages" more certain than " the work performed," to secure a succession of diligent and exemplary teachers. The harassed agriculturist, though happy in his State religion whilst war prices and a depreciated currency enabled him to pay for it, now denounces the esta blishment, and bitterly complaims of the grievous charge of, an endowed Clergy, entirely irresponsible to the payers, and generally appointed without even the semblance of a popular choice. Thus the sys tem is working. Its end is prophesied in profane history and in the principles of human action. North, South, East, and Wrest, in all the country papers, we observe the various classes of society turning " Swing" on the Church Establishment. Its the West Briton o f th e 31st ult., we find a report of a most novel and ill-timed claim for fish-tithe, in the parish of Pane, near Penzance. A tithe-limiting bailiff came to serve writs against the poor fishermen, when the women mobbed, him, tore his clothes off. his back, and finally, well belaboured him for his rnas ter's extortionary law proceedings. The fishermen ul timately resolved to resist the feloniousattempt to rob them of a tenth of their hazardous and hard-earned labour, not to go to law, but to oppose the Church with physical force. They prepared and posted a placard as follows :—" It is better to die titan to starve. No Tithes ; we will die first, one arid all." We cited from the Gloucester Journal the resolutions of a large agricultural parish against tithes. It seems that the mania spreads in that country like the rot among sheep in low grounds. This week we find advertised, in the same paper, meetings and re solutions of two other large and populous parishes. In the parish of Winterbourne, containing 2,000 in habitants, the following is the official report of a vestry meeting : " Trrnes.—Parish of Winterbourne, county of Glou cester.—At a General Vestry Meeting, held at the work house, the 22d day of September, 1830, called by the Churchwarden, by a notice read in the parish church, on Sunday, the 19th December, to consider the propriety of petitioning Parliament to abolish or alter the Tithe Laws, the following resolutions were unanimously agreed to ; Mr. Thomas Lawrence, Churchwarden, in the Chair; Present—Forty persons, comprising all the largest farmers of the parish, and (except the tenants of the Clergyman) almost all other considerable occupiers of land. " Ist.—lt being the judgment of the meeting, that tithe is not property, but merely a tax upon property ; and believing that the objects for which this tax was ori ginally instituted, viz.—religious instruction and the relief of the poor—are not only nut now promoted by it, but, on the contrary, injured ; they consider that to enforce its payment is oppressive, unjust, and essentially opposed to that civil and religious liberty, to which every man is en titled under the Christian dispensation. " Resolved,—That petitions in accordance with the foregoing sentiments be addressed, by this parish, to both Houses of Parliament, praying them to repeal the Tithe Laws. " 2illy.—Resolved, That Mr. Thomas Lawrence and Mr. Philip Debell Tuckett be appointed to prepare the petitions for signature, in accordance with the foregoing resolution ; aed that they request Lord King to present and support the petition to the House of Lords, and Joseph Hume, Esq. that to the House of COMMOIIS. " 3dly.—Resolved, that the proceedings of this meet ing be advertised once in the Fur mer's Journal, and once in each of the Bristol, Bath, and Gloucester Newspapers; and that the parish officers be directed to pay the cost of the same, on account of the parish, as also that of the petitions. " 4thly.—Resolved, that the thanks of this meeting be presented to Mr. Thomas Lawrence, for his able conduct in the chair. (Signed, in and on behalf of the meeting, by) " THOMAS LAWRENCE." In the parish of Iron-Acton, containing a popu lation of 1,200, almost exclusively agricultural, Christmas Eve was ushered in with the following unanimous expression of the parish opinion : " At a numerous and highly respectable meeting of the inhabitants of the parish of Iron-Acton, in the county of Gloucester, convened by the Churchwardens, for the purpose of petitioning Parliament relative to the subject of Tithes, and held at the White Hart inn, on the 22d Dec. 1830, the following resolutions were passed unani mously, and a petition, of which the following is a copy, was signed by every person present : " l st.—lt is the opinion of this meeting that Tithes are a direct and most oppressive tax on the community, and especially en the agricultural interest, and the cause of much of the distress now so severely felt. It is also the opinion that the cause of religion, instead of being promoted, is thereby much injured, through the endless animosity inseparable from the collison of the interests of the ministers and parishioners. We therefore agree that a petition, embodying these sentiments, be prepared for presentation to both Houses of Parliament. " 2d.—That the following petition having been agreed upon, George Gibbs, Alfred Tucket, and Thos. Williams, are requested to give every facility for procuring signatures ;o the same. " 3d.—That Lord King be requested to present the peti on to the House of Lords, and Joseph Hume, Esq. to the House of Commons, " 4th.-.-That die proceedings of this meeting, with a copy of the petition, he published in two of the Bristol Papers, the Gloucester Journal, and the Bat/i and Chel tenham Gazette. • " TO THE LORDS SPIRITUAL AND TEMPORAL IN PARLIAMENT ASSEMBLED. " THE HUMBLE PETITION OF THE UNDER. SIGNED INHABITANTS OF THE PARISH OF IRON-ACTON, IN THE COUNTY OF GLOUCES. TER,:AGREED UPON AT A MEETING CONVENED BY THE CHURCHWARDENS, AND HELD THERE ON THE 220 OF DECEMBER, 1930 ; " SHOWE'III,-That reason convinces your petitioners, that to give a tenth of the produce of a parish, contain • ing, perhaps, several square miles, to one man, though he have a family, and to leave but the remaining nine-tenths for the support of all the rest of the population, though consisting of many thousands, is to make an unfair and unreasonable distribution of the fruits of the eat th. TS at your petitioners find, from undoubted history, that such a distribution was not intended in the first institution of tithes ; but, on the contrary, that they were given in this country to the clergy, in trust, for the support of the poor, and for the building and repairing places of worship, and on conditions, that they should instruct the people in the Catholic teligion, perform masses, and say prayers for the souls of the donors and their ancestors, and hospitably en tertain vrangers and travellers ; and that for the perform ative of these trusts and conditions, they were allowed out of the tithes a maintenance, food, and raiment, but were not allowed to marry, or to bequeath or accumulate pri vate property. Your petitioners also find, that in process of time another set of men gained possession of the tithes, who performed none of the trusts and c onditions for the performance of which they were originally given, but who, on the contrary, married wives, begot children, aecttn4ated private property, bequeathed it to whom they would, ceased to use hospitality, and left the poor desti tute. In consequence of this, the poor have been, since that time, maintained by a tax, levied for the purpose, on houses and lands, the churches repaired by another tax, and pe:v ones built by grants out of the taxes raised by the Govt.rnment, to ti r ie great impoverishment pf your petition ers and their fellow-cotuitt'ymen. That r ,, p ercpnep has fully established your petitioners in the belief that tithes are injurious to agriculture, and prejudicial to the repu• tation, zeal, and efficiency of the church that receives them. Your petitioners, therefore, humbly pray your Lordships to take the tithe-system into your serious consideration, Vi'„t ;1..2 hope, that as the poor are now other vise pro vided f,er,'4.o clerg;, , may be so by their respective congregations, yoir Lertls r ipe in your wisdom, de vise a method for its total abolitioa, 4na yisar t 7K,,itiorprs, us in duty bound, will ever pray." We have inserted these extraordinary dccuments at length, because they will become historical re cor4 of the precursors of political changes ; and be-' cause it is that the Government should be 'truly infortPedrof the revoiu; - ,ioniYed opinions of the people. \Ye' Could 'fill a whole Morning Chronicle wjth fi irar ,details from the 'English c o untry news-1 . „ , papers y Weistim,ep are pot behitu l l their English neighbours in siancii;ivep,ess tp this bifipg evil. The annual value of the real property of land in the county of Glamorgan, in 1815, was 334,1021. The total annual charge of high way, county, church, and . poor rates, in 182 7 , was 49,8101 . ; or Three Aillinv exclusive of tithe ! The hun dred of Cowbridge, lit that eNuty, contains a po pulation, by the last census, of 5,894 persons. Of this grass number, 619 families were employed in agriculture ; 220 in trade, manufactures, and other handicraft. Can it be a matter of surprise that the Cambrian newspaper of New-year's-day thus re ports a public m e eting in this tax and tithe-ridden Ull d red . % " COWBRIUGE, DLc. 24, MO.—At a meeting of the landowners, farmers, and tithe-payers of the hundred of Cowbridge, convened by public advertisement, held at the Masons' Arms, this day, Mr. William Spencer in the Chair, the following petition and resolutions were una nimously agreed to : "TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE LORDS SPI RITUAL AND TEMPORAL, IN PARLIAMENT ASSEMBLED. "THE HUMBLE PETITION OF THE LANDOWN ERS, FARMERS, AND TITHE-PAYERS, OF THE HUNDRED OF COWBRIDGE, IN THE COUNTY OF GLAMORGAN ; " SirowEnr,—That your petitioners view, with deep concern, the unhappy and alarming state of the country, and lament that, after the continuance of peace for fifteen years, instead of teat prosperity which should accompany it, every interest in the community is suffering great dis- tress ;—that your petitioners consider the enormous and unequal proportion of the wealth of the country engrossed by the Church Establishment to be the chief cause of such distress ; and that while this burden oppresses most grievously the agriculturist, it aho seriously affects the ma nufacturing interest ;—that your petitioners conscien tiously believe that the tithe system is as prejudicial to the best interest of the Church of England, as a Christian Church, ds to the temporal well• being of the community, . . as it tends to produce dissent, and promote uncharitable and unchristian feelings between the Ministers of Religio❑ and the souls committed to their esre. " That your petitioners are utterly at a loss to compre hend why this burden should fall almost exclusively on them, when the many more wealthy interests of the country cotnparatively pay nothing towards the support of a Ministry for religious instruction, and from which they derive equal advant age. " That your petitioners are prepared to prove b your Honourable House that, in consequence of the vast increase of capital and land engaged in tillage within the last forty years, the value of tithe property has increased in a fourfold degree, while the employment of capital in agricultural pursuits was never more precarious and unproductive to the farmer than at the present time. " That your petitioners humbly submit to your Honour able House, that they believe the only effectual way of re moving this unequal and oppressive burden on the capital, the exertions, and the industry of the agriculturist, and the doing away with the ►eany other evils effects of the titho laws, would be to impose, instead of the present grinding, afflicting, and distressing mode, a rate, or tithe tax of two shillings in the pound, on the rent paid by the farmers; which your petitioners humbly presume to suggest would be found not only a competent, but a respectable pro►ision, for the support of the Ministers, thereby, as they firmly be lieve, furnishing the best way, in their opinion the only means, by which the present frightfully alarming state of society can be allayed, and the terrific consequences (not to be contemplated without horror) averted. " Your petitioners, therefore, humbly pray that your Honourable House will adopt this, or such other means as your Honourable House may approve of, for the relief of the country ; and your petitioners will ever pray, &c. " First resolution. Proposed and carried unanimously, " That the petition sow read be presented to both houses of Parliament. " Second resolution. Proposed and carried, That the Chairman be requested to forward the petition to the House of Lords, to Lord King. " Third resolution. Proposed and carried unanimously, " That a deputation do wait on the Member for the County, to request he will pi esent and support the prayer of the petition; in the House of Commons, composed of the following persons :—Mr. John Spencer, Mr. Chris topher Wilkin., Mr. Samuel Howells, Mr. W. Spencer, Mr. David Richards, and Mr. Richard Richards. " Fourth resolution, " That a person he appointed to take the petition to the several parishes in the hundred, for signatures. " Fifth resolution, " That the proceedings of this meeting be advertised in he Cambrian newspaper. " WM. SPENCER, St. Mary Church." It is also especially observable, that these country agriculturists, far distant from the seat of Govern ment, nevertheless exhibit a shrewd discrimination of the political character of Members of Parliament. They nominate Mr. Hume from his terrier-like qua lities against the barn vermin, and Lord King, as a good Mar-prelate with the Bishops, to prevent their petitions to the Legislature. Verily, they are wiser in their generation than their fore-fathers, who could not separate religion from priestianity, or the tithing of priests from the service of God. These remarkable State Papers are proofs of the revolt of the laity; twenty years ago every inhabitant of these parishes, if asked to sign such protests, would have been seized with fits of horror. Blasphemy was the text word of the clerical discourses shen the divine right of tithes was questioned. Now every steward's rent dinner, every tithe dinner, when the Parson has turned his back, betrays the popular feeling against the Levitical imposition. The health of the incumbent is always heartily drunk a second time at the tithe dinner when lie has left the room, the most aged and hoary headed farmer justifying the compliment by the acute observation—" I never knew a new one who ‘vas'ilt a worser than the dead one." We were in formed a few days since by a Magistrate of one of the midland counties, that a parish meeting was re cet.tly called to, swear in special constables. It was fully attended, but no special constables volunteered : the conversation was long and significant on the state of the country ; the farmers terminated the meeting, declaring, that they wanted no additional civil force but " rents lowered and down with the tithe !" We have heard that at a large dinner party of country gentlemen, 150 miles from the me tropolis, the table-talk lately discussed the pro bable future value of English and Irish tithes. The company differed, and it was agreed to take the sense of the guests, by " a mock auction," the bookseller's mode of ascertaining the value of joint stock, by biddings among themselves. Three months' purchase was bid for Irish tithe, seven months for English tithe, and no advance ! The Archbishop of Canterbury may in vain compose " Forms of Prayer, on account of the troubled state of certain districts ;" they will not compose the troubled spirits of the afflicted and resilres agricultural patients. We know that these evang heal prescriptions, for agricultural distress originat ing in political causes, expose religion to derision and contempt; the agriculturists treat them, we are well informed, as the old impious farmer observed to the parish parson, who read the prayer for rain in the great drought, " I'll be cursed if the dry prayer is of any use till the wind's shifted." The land owner, and the tenantry, and the labourers, will go on to hustle the vicar and the rector; to pay them off in kind—to let them gather the parsley and sage, and take the tenth calf which the cow-herd has slily held by the tail while sucking, lest it should grow too fat for the parson. The thinking and reading farmers, of whom there are now increasing numbers drinking at the fountain of the " Diffusion of Know ledge," will reflect on the causes of this deplorable state of things, and will vary the prayer (after that including all conditions of men), " Lord ! open the eyes of the boroughniongers, and incline their hearts to emancipate the nation wohoot further trouble or convulsion."—Morning Chronicle. The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, following the example of his calumniated predecessor, is perform ing his duty most manfully. Nothing but the un daunted attitude he has so commendably assumed can save Ireland, discomfit her real enemies, or re aio:e. her ;o that state of tranquillity, of which by the infamous a'lles of rdction she haa been so long and so lamentably deprived. The restles'i agitator, the ceaseless brooder of mischief, having projected a new scheme, whereby he foolishly imagined he should be able to evade the law—namely, the formation of a new Association, the Marquis of Anglesea, with a promptitude that does him the highest honour, issued a fresh Proclamation on' the day fciloi,;viig that cp which the meeting was heW, prohibiting tiermePtikt c .!.' c." suchs, Association---a measure not only of the utmost propriety, in r ,h o eie p s te, purportedgnt y se:w but ooAtr Association ci eif t ao l t i ri e po most rit,ohtee o,tfpi or a ene b voe s , o a: l ntp u i doi t r e : ' to i e i oix e . fi c e necessity.— This exercise y r‘u c i. oui artfully the Tight of petitioning, and for the redress of grievances ; but the veil was too slight and flimsy to disguise the real design. They have indeed them- selves inadvertently admitted the mischievous intent of their plan ; for it came out at their meeting that emissaries were to be sent into the provinces, under the fallacious garb of messengers of peace, while common sense will easily discover that the real object was to organize a system of determined hostility to the existing order of things, with the view of ef fecting a rebellion against England ; and there can be no doubt if permitted to proceed in their present insidious course, they would be enabled to inflame the mind of the deluded multitude to such a degree as shortly to venture upon an insurrectionary explo sion throughout the country. Upon all these con .siderations we cannot too highly applaud the mea sures to which the wise foresight of the Irish Go vernment have caused them to resort ; and upon the due execution of them we rest our best hopes of the safety of Ireland I—Morning Post. It will be seen from the news which we give from Ireland, that the Agitator has given birth to a new association, which, however, no sooner saw the light than it was crushed by the firmness of the Lord Lieutenant, who, very properly, appears to have no idea that associations should be instituted for one purpose, and have a wholly different one in view. The new association had, avowedly, for its object " the prevention of unlawful meetings, and the pro tection' and exercise of the sacred right of petition ing for a redess of grievances ;" but, in reality, the repeal of the Union, as afterwards stated by Mr. O'Connell. But even if such had not been the case —even if the association had been formed in rea- lity for the purposes set forth in its intended designation, what right, let us ask, had Mr. O'Connell, or the stupid people who fol low in his train, to take upon themselves the prevention of unlawful meetings, or the pro tection of the right of petitioning for a redress of grievances ?" Is not the former the business of the Government, and has it not hitherto shown itself thoroughly competent to the ta‘k ? And who, pray, has ever endeavoured to prevent the people front exercising the right of petitioning for a redress of grievances ? Not the present Government assuredly, nor any member of it ; and if so, why then attempt to institute an association for its protection ? But it is needless to expend words on what must be obvious o every one. Mr. O'Connell's object was to con tinue agitation on the subject of repealing the Union, and not to prevent unlawful asseirblages, of which his proposed association would have formed a promi nent portion; and the Lord Lieutenant would in con sequence have greatly failed in his duty to the people of Ireland, and in justice to the high functions with which he is entrusted, had he not employed the powers with which the law has armed him to crush the illegitimate bantling. That the people of Ireland—the respectable and intelligent portion of the people of Ireland—do not desire a repeal of the Union, becomes daily more and more evident. Lord Cloncurry has already declared his sentiments to that effect ; and were others to speak out in the same manly manner, the agitator's scheme would be overthrown in a fortnight. But it is with the people who are well disposed in Ireland as it is with them in other countries :—they do not speak out, and the consequence is, that assertions such as those of O'Connell respecting the unanimity of feel ing prevalent in Ireland, on the subject of repealing the Union, are allowed to pass uncontradicted, when had the conscientious opponents of that injurious proposal but shown one-half of the pernicious zeal of its advocates, they might have been belied in a day's time.—Jllorni►rg Advertiser. OLD BAILEY, JAN. 10. LIBEL—THE KING V. CARLILE. (Concluded from our Paper of yesterday.) Mr. ADOLPHUS, in claiming his right to reply to the observations of the defendant, should confine himself strictly to the defence of Mr. Carlile. The defendant had endeavoured to show that no case had been made out against him, because the insubordina tion of the peasantry had existed prior to the date of the alleged libels. In answer to that part of the defence the Jury would find, by reference to the in dictment, that the charge against the defendant was for heightening and augmenting the lawless spirit which unfortunately prevailed in the country. fh• defendant had endeavoured to encourage the agricul tural labourers to outrage and insurrection, by al leging that others had been e qually culpable as him self. However that might be, a more wicked, more atrocious series of libels than those published by the defendant could not possibly be imagined. The RECORDER, having commented at conside rable length on the alleged libels, said, that he was bound to tell the Jury that the address of the de fendant to the agricultural labourers, in which he told them that they would be justified in resisting even to death, and life to life, any act on the part of the Government which would not have for its object the redress of their grievances, was a most wanton, wicked, and atrocious libel. The case having gone to the Jury, they requested leave to retire at nine o clock. At eleven o'clock the RECORDER directed an officer to go to the jury-room, and inquire if the Jury were likely to Lgree, and if not, to require their at tendance in Court. After a delay of about ten minutes, The Jury returned into Court, and their names having been called over, The Clerk of the Arraigns asked them if they had agreed. The foreman replied " Wo agree that the de fendant is guilty of publishing the work." ItEcoRDELt--Then you find him guilty ? A Juryman said one or two of us, my Lord, cannot agree as to whether or not the publication is libellous. RECORDER—You must agree as to that before I can receive your verdict. In consequence of your long absence I have sent fur you to know if there is any point of law upon which I can set you right. A Juror—Are we to decide, my Lord, as to whe ther the publication be libellous or not ? This is the point upon which we disagree. RECORDER—I have explained to you, pretty plainly, the law upon the subject, and you must I give a verdict on the whole case. • Defendant—Ann I allowed, my Lord, to make • an observation ? REcoßDEß—Certainly not, Sir, you must be quiet. Gentlemen of the Jury, you must again retire : I shall wait for another hour ; and if you should not have agreed by that time, I shall take your verdict in the morning. The Jury again retired. At twelve o'clock the Recorder again entered the Court, and directed an officer to go for the Jury, who in a few minutes returned to the box, and their names being again called over, The Clerk of the Arraigns said, gentlemen, are you now agreed ? Foreman—No. REPO R D E R-I again ask you, gentlemen, if there is any point on which the Court can assist you? A Juror—My Lord, our objections remain the same. I cannot, conscientiously with my oath , a g ree to fin d the defendant guilty ; and I am now ready to state my reasons. RECORDER—I cannot ask for a J u ryman's reason!, because I am bound to believe t hat they are co e n n s o c e i - - entious and good. You must retire hal a l g r a e i c n eiv g e your men, and colisider y ou r verdict. decision in the tporniug. A ot em o or house keepers e- ? 10 , Certainly, u ntil you have agreed to ...... u . c ompun.-- your verdict. I ho pe I am not to b e d e - Defendant —My Lord, Juy ? --Are we to be locked up ail night, man my Lord r keepers to answer fo r m y a pp earance in the m orning. REcoRDER—You are in the cus tody of the Court, t L ai o n r e d d ; all w ensi hall h g t. Sir, litiirif ygt! were to bring a thousand house belqucait can bring exhaustedbring forward baerrdor w house keepers I cannot d ischar g e y o u. The Jury alone can release you, by their verdict. A Juror—May we be allowed refreshment, my The RECORDER—Certainly not ; according to the law of the land, a Jury cannot be allow e d mea t, drink, or any refreshment, while they are considering I: 'TOR their verdict.—(The . Jury here looked at each other most ruefully.) Foreman—May we be indulged with something to lie down upon, my Lord ?—(The doleful tone in which this was uttered caused a general laugh in Court.) RECORDER—If the persons who are guilty of:auch indecency can be identified and brought before' me, I shall certainly commit them to Newgate for a contempt of Court. Gentlemen, you must again retire. in 11 2m °. 2a. Latii le tainorph l i a " i ng Le , " it tn'a L In, Selec tling Le auk E •—i th e syo ° °d on Lai r eek Gra! the u co wed G ri ct thei r aif e tho n g u ager r • "t 1 üblisl The Jury, however, seemed very loth to quit the box, and The Foreman asked—Can we not have a fire ! my Lord ? One of the Jury is very unweil, and I am not well myself. _ The RECORDER-1 am sorry for it. (After a short pause)—Gentlemen, I shall wait another boar fur your verdict. A Jur o r O acg h ao , iun t r h t a r e n at k gi raei y idl o : u , abn m udt y adt L e coolnrader.eod, o'clock ho h cak o t p tt e hh ti i yy n nzp , ,i, ~ , c. i p, ~,,,eir,,,,, i apißnr:lig God we shall agree. returned i Jury tit o cGuld not agree. Mr. WIGIITMAN then stCd that the defendant rd --5. I might return home, provided he produced good ae" I C°l ?nie , curity for his appearance in the morning, when the, n this 'hi eat - Jury should have returned their verdict. . ,:hi e f h • ca ' The required sureties were about to be e n t e r eu 'ecura c te je" into, when the Jury requested to be allowed five wrn th e r r e 3 , minutes longer; and after again consulting together,Pria te d for they returned a verdict, acquitting the defendant 0 0 ,..„, _ the first count in the indictment, but Ending hitn"riliTTA : guilty on the second and third counts, which charged the defendant with addressing inflammatory language '''----- to the labouring classes, telling them that the m ore publi I tame they were, the more they would be oppressed , shed and that it was only by a display of their physical as well as their moral strength that their cruel tyrant' PIN! would offer them terms of pacification, and calling )f . BC upon them to persevere in their just demands, and that any attempt to stifle those demands ought to be 614 E, P ll LLIN resisted even to death. L ete ,, uB on The RECORDER immediately ordered the prisoner imp roved, into custody, and said he should be brought up Or plan 3 . The judgment at ten o'clock in the morning. entir t The defendant took leave of his friends, and was fa ble, th e 1 of o ne 8 conducted into the body of the gaol. The Rev. Robert Taylor, alias the Devil's Char lain, Gale Jones, and others of a similar stamp, rg; 4 41 ", mained with him during the whole of the trial, ail° t a i nin D UI the galleries of the Court contained several of h it ' in thegEtnh,; unwashed disciples. Ite eenteti a ____________ .2 test pumi LONDON MARKETS. t'cond Ec This R•c Interesting and famili Peen to co c° nitiine 41°41 d aw, tat. -4tarai sci likely to a l I t ? 4, in th, io n , on t modern WI bein g th the liniv ( .ro theca and admit.; ItB existen( Priated PRICE OF BREAD. The highest price of Bread in the Metropolis is 10d. fot t 41b. Loaf. There are others who sell from yid. to I%d. bel° that price. PRICE OF SEEDS.—Jam. 10. New English Red Clover Seed (per Cwt.) -.-7. —5. tine —s. ....i, Old Ditto Ditto —s. .-4. fine —g. -'4' New Foreign Ditto. Old Ditto ......--..... New White Clover, Old Ditto Ditt0,,,,.,,. New Trefoil -... 328. 60s. fine 958. lit —6. —s. tine --s. --":' 401. 6.5 k, line —s. —s. tine —I. `.:04. 50c. fine —s. —s. —s. tine —a . IQs. 30e. fine 255. Seed —a. 50s. tine DT,. 55e. tine 5' —s. ‘271. fine —a. .(per Quarter)-- —e. 499. fine 435. str: 9.05. 335. new 355. 4. 7 ' 40s. 45s.new 36 ~ fine 460 ." 4 : 445. 46e. —a. fine Old Ditto Rib Grass English Carraway Foreign Ditto coriander St. Foin Rye Grass - Paccy Ditto --- Linseed, for feeding Ditto, for crushing... Canary Seed, NeW . --s. 48s. fine —4. ..-_,.. Ditto 01d—.....—.... —s. --s. —s. fine '— White Mustard 5eed.........(per Bushel) . —s. 10i. 189, tine -' 4 : Brown Ditto - -14 g• IRE Isurnip Seeds, 1, Green and Red Ditto .. —s. —s. —a. tine 1 °: 'fares, Old —s. tbs. 365. fine 7. Ditto New —s. —s. fine p /N , Rape Seed, English, fine (per Last) 321. 351. .....F or eign 321. "") "UC 4.5. 6d. REAL, PRICES OF HOPS.—Jan. 10. Kent Pockets Sussex Ditto ... . 81. 71. 1 1 05 5, .. 9 5 1 1 .. 9,3 8 .. t t o o T i t l. . 1 4 : m, Nrsex Ditto _ , 81. Os. 91. Os. to 101. ' n : Fatah ens Ditto. Fine O/. Bs. 161. Co. to 90/. ,"" Seconds ...,............... 01. Os. 91. Os. to 151. '-''' Kent Bags 3l. Os. 8/. Bs. to 111. OP Essex Ditto (V. Os. 01. 04. to 01. lif ' Sussex Ditto ~....... O, . 71. o.s. 71. 10s. to 81. n pi Old Duty on last year's growth announced to be .£88,0472 . / . ' I3U NCAD INTROD PRICE OF OIL. 0 ape Oil, brown 511. e 5 .......... Refined • luseed Oil 0 -" 0 published Linseed Oil Cake at the Mlll, par thousand 11 I Rape Cake, per ton A-N o i t the First, Positi on Pormsof/ WHITECHAPEL HAY MARKET.—Jan. 8. 0 4. 50t4. Od. to 844. Oct. I (lover ....Mi. 01. to 10.5 x 30g. 01. to 34t. Od. PRICE OF:PO'fATOES.—Jan. 10. 01. Oa. to 51. Oa. per too. V. 10a. to Cl. Os. ditto. 41. 10s. to 01. H. ditto. 31. sa. to 31. 10s. ditto. Kidneys Scotch Reds .. Marsh Champions— Oinobles and Shaws PI II E E R IIII HAW 0 MI , Per Stone. s. 41 .to s. d.SIDES. Per Stone, e. LIB aaz Rest Heiturs& Stuer. , 3 0 3 4 Ordinary *. 0 „c rod d IP Middlings. .2 4 2 8 Alatket Ca1f.......,....... 6 6C- Polled SHEEP SKINS. 21. 6d. to 48. Od. 1 Downs .............. Welch ..--...... Is. Od. to Is. 4d Is. 6d. t°'. LVATHER. Per lb. d. t cs jf Tanned Horse Hides.. 15 Spufish Ditto Per dozen. Calf Skin.. S(1 to 4(lb. 15 Ditto 50 to 701 b. %Of, $' Ditto 70 to 801 b. Small Graenlandfx, El'.—Jan. 10. o'o Walls End Boundary r 4 4 , Ditto Burraton v o Ditto Cranilington......... Walls End Hilda 5 ,4 Walls End Newmaren.• Lambton Primrose gl 6 Walls End Hetton 3 4 0 Walls End Lyous.-*^^" . gl 6 Blyth gl 3 g , Hartley ; Soughton 19 , Walls End sinall s sold. 164—Unsold. the S ets 4 P INN( 1 COntai ta etie. P INNI 2> co nta i it nPle a Alaprov en Rule, 3 o FINN' inter qualify rithroet A 1 c - E' .-......,...2._1' hat putg TH . GE RmA " No I correct Gazette. ii The we have fiat of N historical MEMOI JEFJ Edited Complett tLe orig writing " The 14 1 wil worthy c Atl m . Thi historic a l TII written AL 8 . Portrait. " The Years, di, that fi g , the hist( Importar t endon." " We with Co p " Thi Pubjects. " Th - f rllati c rr j'Alrnal. T; Author «A _ r., u uette. of " It i 1,7 near ) 510 u • nkhe attning The a►th moi PRICES OF Per lb. d. to d. to 5611.... 15 22 to 661 b... 16 23 Dressing Hidee 16 18 Fine Coach Llides 14 16 Crop Hides, as to 401 b. 13 141 to 45111 14 16 Ditto 16 18 COAL MAR; Adair's ... 33 Od. Eletilsurn Main 34 0 --- 34 Killingworth 34 6 Ortl's Itedhugh 31 6 Pelaw , 34 0 Ditto (unscreened) 33 0 31 0 West Hartley 31 0 Winington 36 9 Wylain 34 3 Walls End Brown's 33 6 Ditto Brown's unsc. 3O 0 ships at market, 994—Shi • SCOTCH MARKETS. HA DDINOTON CORN M A RKET.—Jaa• 7 „" it i Barley sold readily at an advance of 3 s. on the top, a"to,o on the average for 250 quarters. Oats arc up fal. on the.ts9, 7d. on the average-292 quarters were sold. Wheat4"-or, higher on the top pricy ; the average is 2.d. down. „or up tfd.-48 quarters were sold. Beans are up 11c1,—," were sold. 13 0 0 j, Wheat. Barley. Oats. Pease. \ 4 01 First 69s Od 384 Od 30a 66 4.2 s Od Second 605 Od 34s Od Qd 38s Od Third eta Time were 363 qra. of Wheat In market, whereof 66 Uftsold.-13 Ore ~...31. Os, Aver; 10.12ths• COR supply of ,eavy sale, J MARKI neat in th rather hi; DALKEI There was a large which met with a hi of this day se'nnight. Wheat. \ Barley. Oats. First 7os Ott 3d. Ott 28A Od Second Third sos Od 28s Od 20s Od F.:l%—Jan. he market c iglier prices 10" Se'V ['case. 4› 42E Od 44)a Od 3 4 344 BIRTHS. 10 . On the 9th inst. at Lincoln, the lady of the Leslie Melville, of a ion. On the 10th inst. in Bedtincl.row, Mrs. C. .., of a daughter. • se On the 10th inst. in Prince's-e ourt , Weetnon " lady ) t o , of t A he . iothi Dickinson,nst. Esq. Mrs ., W. N a o d b a l u e g , h o te f r ileet ve etf twin sons. On the B th inst. Mr . E. Stephenson, of Gree t I' s treet, Westminster, of a daughter. tb e On the 6th iust. at Wolsely Hall, Staffordshi re, of Sir J. Fitzgerald, Bart, of a son and heir. O'' On the 6th inst. at Cheltenham, the lady d ll‘ Esq., M.P. of a daughter. MARRIED. 1 I3‘ ; , On the leth inst. at th e H o ly T r inity Chu""? to bc'' ton, H. A. Smith, of Montp e llier-terrace, 1 -° l ,„ ' CO to Anna Welohman, daughter of the la ' 11. Welshman, R.M. : 4 ,' On the ith inst. at Readi n g, T. Kirby, .r . ' 6 'i • jkl;:: eldest C• l of fa t l e el i d a , te S n us . s ß ex e , ch to er, I ._,v ,o v i ( i i isa. ~ of the on. patty's Service. 1 ,1,,, t 0 i On the 6th inst. at Tottenham, Astleys e''' ' 0. ug hter W. 11. Holt, Esq. of Enfield, to Jane, da Rev. E. Ileathcote, of Chesterfield. i DIED. ~,e e i , On the 9th inst. at her house, in Stratford-P.:.te Elizablieth, Eastel iodi, 60, Charlotte Baroness de Roos, widow It Henry Fitzgerald. Ertl ° On the 9th inst. at Kensington, Elizsbeth ' wife of R. B. Pratt, Esq., aged 77. n ,fell On the Bth inst. at Gloucester Villa, Peg! o Elizabeth, the wife of Matthew Seoles, Ei'cl! ll' 1. year of her age. Mr. On the 9th inst. in New Broad-street , Pliene, in his 59th year, of apoplexy. of the i. PK/NTED AND PUBLISHED BY MURDO P" THE SUN OFFICE, 112, SCRAND , LO