The Sun. — London, England, 1856-08-09 00:00:00

ER MAJESTY'S TIIEA.TR/ 4 FAREWELL NIGHT at REDUCED PRICES. PICCOLOMINI—ROSATI—LE CORSAIRE. THIS EVENING (SATURDAY, August 9), will be pr e . seated Verdi's Opera, LA TRAVIATA. Violetta, Mane. Piecolomini. With the new grand Ballet of LE CORSAIRS,2arJdora, Madame Rosati. Reduced Prices :—Three Pair, 11.1 s. Two Pair, 1, !Ms .6d. Tit and One Pair, 2/. 12s. 6d. Grand Tier, 31. 3s. Pit, ss. Gallery rOXeS, 15s. Gallery Stalls, ss. Gallery Si( le Sta 3e. 6d. Gallery, 2s. 6d. The free list suspended, the public press excepted. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Under the Management of Mr. Baeltatonth THIS EVENING, SECOND LOVE. Followed by THE CAPTIVES. After which MY WIFE'S DAUGHTER. To oonalude with THE SPANISH SERJEANT. ROYAL THEATRE ADELPHI. Proprietor and Bfanager, Mr. B. Webster. Directress, Madame Celesta. THIS EVENING, URGENT PRIVATE AFFAIRS. Followed by OUR GAL. To conclude with BORN TO GOOD LUCK. LOYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. Under the Management of Mr. Cuss Las KEAN. THIS EVENING, MUSIC H After which. VIE WINTER'S TALE. ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE. Lea " v ia m9,nazer, Mr. Alfred wlgaa. THIS EVENING THE GREEN-EYED MONSTER. After which, MEDEA. To conclude with THE IVELiff GIRL. AsTrxrs ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. Lessee and Manarer, Mr. Wm. Cooke. THIS EVENING, (First week) Shakespere's Tragedy of RING RICHARD THF. THIRD ; or, the Battle of Bosvrorfa Field. Compressed into 3 acts. Mr. W. Cooke's splendid stud of horses effectively introduced. Grand, striking, and indescribable tableau of the Battle of Bosworth Field. Alter which, The SCENES in the CIRCLE, and a variety of select entertain- Inents. Box-office open Prom Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W. West. Equestrian Director. Mr. IV. Cooke, Jun. HIGH WATER AT. LONDON BRIDGE. TH/8 DAY—Morn. 49 min. aft. 6—Evening 10 min. aft. 7 Ta-MORnow—Atorn.32 min. aft. 7—Evening 1 min. aft. 8 THE WEATHER—SUN OFFICE, AUGUST 9. TLISIMOMETEB, IN THE SHADE. 7t—highest since noon yesterday. 64 —loweSt this morning and during the night. 73 —this day at noon. BARommurt-29 70-29.81. WIND, Southerly.—Rain fall yesterday afternoon, but no thunderstorm. This morning it rained heavily up to 2 o'olock. ~,. - A N *4, §4lll, L~~\ ~~~~:~~ _:~ ~:. LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 9, 1856. It is unfortunately but too palpable that the Russian snake was merely scotched, not killed, during the late contest ; and that the zealous de termination of the adherents of Germanism and Imperialism that the Northern Leviathan should suffer neither humiliation nor diminution of power has been so completely carried out that she still clings to her traditional policy, and is already planning new aggressions against those who are so unfortunate as to be placed in the vicinity of such a troublesome neighbour. The forcible occupation of the Isle of Serpents, to which we have repeatedly alluded, is, for the time being, the chief object of attention to the Allied Powers. It shows that Russia is to all intents and purposes still the same—that she is actuated by the same views and opinions that : occasioned the lato complications—and that unles.k, some very decisive course be forthwith adopted, we shall have to fight our battles o'er again, and to submit td new and even more serious sacrifices of men and money than we have already endured. The specious pretext alleged by Russia is that the Isle of Serpents was not expressly mentioned in the Precious Treaty ; and that, therefore, as there may be some doubt on the point, she is at liberty to take forcible possession of what sh e asserts to be her rights, wahout reference to the other parties. If not included in the letter, it was, however, clearly, distinctly, and unequivo- tally within its spirit. The free navigation of the Danube, and the exclusion of Russian interference, not merely in the interests of Ger many, but of all commercial nations, was one of the leading points under discussion ; and even at the Conferences of Vienna, Russia consented to the demands put forward ; and notwithstanding the failure of these negotiations, and while hos tilities were still actively carried on, she earnestly professed her intention to abide by and respect the principles decided on respecting the freedom of the Danube. It was this emphatic declaration that rendered the representatives of the other Powers less pressing in their requisitions. We do not offer it as an excuse for their negligence ; for with a nation so ready to take any advantage, however unfair, and to quibble on every possible point, no loophole should have been allowed for trickery or evasion. But so far as Russia is con cerned, it is the more essential to meet every sinister attempt by decided action. From the telegraphic despatch which will be found in another part of this day's impression, it will be seen that the squadron under Rear- Admiral HOUSTON STEWART has entered the Black Sea, and will remain therein, until the com plete evacuation of Kars and of the Isle of Ser pents by Russia. This is as it should be. It is the only argument to which Russia will yield the slightest respect or deference. It is also stated that Russia has already yielded, and withdrawn her troops from the disputed territory. This, however, wants confirmation, and the rumour must therefore be taken cum grano salis. We fear that it is too good to be true. Russia has made the best use of the opportunities at her disposal during the Parisian Conferences. She well knows that "hawks do not pick out hawks' een," and that one absolute monarch will not seriously in jure another, or do anything to prejudice the cause of despotism in the great conflict in w hi ch it may speedily be engaged. No, the gre a t ob ject is to crush constitutional freedom by any means practicable. The' attempt has already been made in Spain, and unfortunately with too much temporary success. The next coup will be against Great Britain, which they are gradually striving to assimilate to a German model. Against that effort every true-hearted Englishman must be prepared to struggle to the last shilling in his purse, and the last drop of his blood. Our time honoured constitution is indeed on its trial. We may accept the hint given with a very different view by one competent to speak on the all important subject. There could be no b e tt er i au thority, and it s right we should accept the warning and be prepared to act with zeal, energy, and inflexible resolution. Russia would scarcely have entered so speedily n such a course had she not received private, and, as she conceived, satisfactory assurances of co operation, or at least neutrality. She fancies that she has nothing to fear from France, and, doubtless, has already maturely considered the prospects of the Prussian marriage and the additional influence which Germanism, already too powerful, will thereby achieve at the Court of St. James's. How anxiously she would look forward to the by no means impossible contingency of England being governed by a Prussian Viceroy, and how readily should she plaoe her Cossacks at his disposal for the purpose of overawing any demonstrations, and suppressing any symptoms of insubordination. It is useless to conceal the fact, that England is the bete noir in the eyes of all the continental despots—that her liberal institutions, and, be yond all, her free Press, are abominations in the sight of the family of Sovereigns, to which we are making such extraordinary exertions to ally our selves. A change in the English system is what Imperialism chiefly looks to. In comparison with that the repressing Russian aggression is a matter of comparatively trivial importance. Russia is well aware of that fact, and acts on the knowledge. Hence the speedy and unblushing violation of the terms to which she so recently bound herself, and hence the vital importance for keeping her within the limits to which she solemnly promised to con fine herself. It is very unfortunate that Parlia ment is not now sitting, in order that Ministers may be closely interrogated and kept to their duty. It is, however, imperative on the Fourth Estate to supply the void, and we believe that our brethren of all shades and varieties of political opinion will, to the best of their ability, faithfully discharge the important trust confided to their care. Our versatile Premier intends, we are told, to be the Lion of the Manchester Exhibition ; he will at least put all the cotton spinners and weav ers in good humour. A respectable gathering of Members of Parliament, and, perhaps, some Peers will attend him, rejoicing in their holidays, and singing to his praise, deus nobis haec otia fecit. His Lordship hitherto has been mythologically represented by the youthful god. It may be doubted whether the graver JANIS has not an equal claim to the honour. Two faces he has, certainly, always ready for all corners. To Con servatives he can say, what Statesman of the day has contributed less than I to any great reform ? To Reformers, with what great reform have I not been officially associated ? And now, when War and Peace have been the absorbing questions, Lord PALMERSTON can present himself as . Peace or War Minister as suits his company. If Manchester representatives declaim on the blessings of Peace with America and all the world, he can remind them how good-temperedly he took back Mr. CRAMPTON, how satisfied he was with such shabby terms from Russia, and how innocuous a thing is his Italian intervention—notes and diplomatic mes sages, that is all. Mr. M. GissoN will propose, we are sure, three times three for Lord PALMER- THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 9, 1856, among us may not disdain to emulate, and which ought to be followed to the best of their ability by all. He has not waited to be asked—he bas not squared his charity by that of others—he has not hoarded his treasures till'he lost the power to hold them, and then left them to be squan dered as much in law proceedings as in charity. He has not waited for Boards of Works or Metropolitan Boards. He has not invoked a despotism to effect what lay in the energies of freemen. What was in his power to do he has done, promptly and nobly, and die when he may his memory will be a mag nificent protest on behalf of individual man, to which all the tyrants in the world can furnish no answer—a rebuke to spiritual assumption which no sophistry can successfully parry—a stimulus to probity, industry, and perseverance as great as any to be found in the choicest records of our gr6,t emporiums of commerce—and a great chal lenge to all professors of the Christian faith—for Sir JAMSETJEE JEJEEBHOY is, as we have said, a Heathen ! a Parsee ! - - _ COWES, ISLE OF WIGHT.-Aug. 8. (PROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) HER. MAJESTY'S CUP. In consequence of there being no wind on Thurs day the schooner yachts entered for this match did not start, and the R.Y.S. ball taking place this evening, 10 o'clock tomorrow is appointed for the start. The names of the yachts, their tonnage, and names of their owners, we gave on Thursday. The display of fireworks last evening was far superior to that of last year. The Brilliant (ship yacht) was most beautifully lit up, as was the Capri corn. Thousands of persons crowded the Parade and the Quays near tae R.Y.S. House. For the Match for 100 Sovs., on Monday, the following yachts are already entered : Lulworth, 90 tons J. Weld, Esq. Arrow, 117 tons T. Chamberlain, Esq. MOsquito 69 tons F. Young, Esq. Aurora Borealis (Swedish yacht) .. David Carnegie, Esq. Wildfire, 88 tons F. Thynne, Esq. Cyclone Wm. Paterson, Esq. The Town Regatta also takes place on onday, and if we can form a judgment from the descrip. tive bill sent forth a gay day may bo expected. STON. There is one lesson, however, which his Lord ship may learn from the citizens, and to which in all seriousness we call his attention. He will find them getting their new patterns and fabrics ready for " the season." All the printers will be rack ing their brains to have something ready then, which shall " take." It will not do for them to be devising and manufacturing when the article should be in the shop windows of their customers all the country over. Now we really do want a little of this common sense proceeding in our Governments. However busy they may be with administration (luting the six months of irrespon sibility, the session is their season, and they are bound to prepare for it. By ithe House of Com mons they are put into office and put out of it ; and by their success with the House of Commons they are chiefly judged. They are expected to have a leasonable degree of influence with the Lords, b u t t{,,.;, 19 r.hica . p clepozaJ4:l6 vu their success in the Lower House. Commanding majorities in the Commons are never long resisted by the Upper House. Next session, if the Go vernment intends to survive, it must be prepared for it in a very different style to what it was the last one—there will be no excuse for being engaged in winding up a war, and settling the terms of a peace; and the reputation of the Government must depend entirely on being well prepared to meet Parliament. A Limited Liability Bill, and a Bishops' Retirement Bill, will not again be thought a sufficient result of six months' legisla tive labour. There is, in truth, little excuse for a Govern ment failing, as Lord PALMERSTON'S did this year, chiefly by the imperfection of its measures, or occasionally by its want of heartiness in pressing them. A Government has at his command the best possible information. It has its innu merable officials always bound to answer any question it can put to them ; it has ready access to men of standing and know ledge in every department ; to them it can always resort when fearing to rely on the routine know ledge or contracted views of its own servants. Every gentleman in England worth being con sulted is but too proud to place his knowledge at the service of his country. A. Government which would take the pains, could present its bills to Parliament founded upon such ample and correct information that it would be next to impossible for even the Opposition to reject them without discrediting themselves. We refer, of course, to measures of practical reform, such as the princi pal ones withdrawn last session. Seven or eight of these were of great importance to the better working of our laws and institutions, and they were lost, we believe, entirely through carelessness, oversight, or through neglect of accurate inquiry, as in the case of the Local Dues on Shipping, to which, indeed, the Opposition was purely factious and interested, and could not have beep. main tained for a moment had Ministers but secured more precise information at first, or been more decided to go into committee and make the requisite alterations there. We take the prime cause of all these mis carriages, however, to be, not commencing pre paration in time. We question whether Government, like manufacturers, begins to pre pare for another season as soon as the last one is over. They ought to do it. They are law manufacturers ; the House meets to canvass their measures, and accept them if good, and is desirous for its own credit's sake to pass as many as it fairly can. It is obviously no easy thing to have considered all the bearings of a measure, and to be prepared to show that they have been t a k en account of, and that th e b a l ance of good largely predominates over any evils incidental to change ; or to show that every danger which can be m e t is duly provided for. Si r R OBERT PEEL, when he did get hold of a sound principle, was an example of what may be done in elaborating a host of details with such care as to make it no easy work to throw discredit on his proposals. Perhaps his greatest failure in that respect was his adopting wholesale all the old - fashioned ma chinery of the previous Income Tax, with hardly a modification. This, however, was not like him, and probably, had he lived, he would have brought it into a much more perfect feral as a permanent X. lie was totoo well aware of the danger of resist- ing public opinion not to have made up his mind either to abandon the tax, or to place it on a less assailable basin. Suppose this year the Government took up the two bills affecting Ecclesiastical CourLs— those relating to Testamentary and Matrimonial matters—and determined to put them into a shape in which no predilections were consulted, no extravagant sacrifice made to vested abuses, and a new court provided on a plan, at once eco nomical and honest to the public —a court con structed for the people's use, not for lawyers' fees—does any one doubt that such a proposal could, with a little resolution, be carried ? and would not the Ministry which gave the coup de grace to the detested Ecclesiastical Courts be re membered almost as much as the Ministry who gave peace and all her territories again to Rus sia ? Nor would the Cabinet be soon forgotten which let daylight into the London Corporation, or which boldly made it a Corporation for all Lon don, and not for a fraction of it merely. It is, however, needless to enter into details. We have indicated what we think the Govern ment ought to do if it means to get creditably through another session, or, perhaps, to get through it at all. In all probability next year will be the last for the present Parliament. Members, as well as the Government, will be anxious to place themselves in a good position with their supporters ; the Ministry must bring them mea sures deserving their support, or calculate upon losing it rather than lose their seats. Slovenly got up bills will not answer for a Parliament that may soon be dissolved, and slovenly they will be if Ministers do not regard it as their grand busi ness during the prorogation to elaborate their measures for the cdming session. Of political measures we have said nothing ; it were absurd 'to expect political reforms from Lord PALMER STON. Heaven knows we need them enough. The Ballot and a vastly enlarged constituency must be conceded in due time ; but we conceive the present Premier to be opposed to all popular reforms. If he saw them to be inevitable, he would joke their opponents as to the figure they cut in resisting them ; but we do not remember a single measure for conferring power on the people which he ever advocated on its own merits. We should expect as much in that line from Lord STANLEY, a Mr. GLADSTONE, or even from Sir JOHN PAKINGTON, not to mention Mr. WALPOLE of the militia fran chise, as from Lord PALMERSTON. The most to be thought of from him is a fair list of legal and social reforms ; but to carry these next session he must not wait till January before he begins to prepare. Upwards of half a century ago a lad of sixteen, with a few rupees in his pocket, entered on the tug of business life in India. Had any of his contemporaries been required at that time to vaticinate his career, in all probability years of anxiety and toil, rewarded by a moderate compe tence barely sufficient to meet his frugal wants, would have been the most favourable result. For the lad dil not belong to the ruling caste, had no powerful patron—was, in point of fact, a heathen, sprung from a subjugated race in a British depen dency to which Englishmen repaired to make, by hook or crook, their fortunes. The young Parsee, however, like all his people, was intelligent and frugal in his habits, but, unlike most of them, enterprising and self-reliant, as well as industrious. PROVIDENCE smiled on his efforts ; rupees flowed on rupees in his stores, and it became evident he was a rising man. He became of service to the ruling caste, and the ruling caste took notice of him. A career calculated to gratify the ambition of a Parsee lay open to him, and, relaxing no endeavour, and maintaining a character for probity not always acquired by the European, and still seldomer by the Indian at4en turer, he persevered Ae became mole than Pal6ttl bad ever been before, suc cessful as some had been, a merchant prince, worthy to rank with the greatest merchant princes of England, and, as a crowning distinc tion, knelt by command before her Majesty the QUEEN, and rose Sir JAMSETJEE JEJEEBHOY, Knt., the first of his race on whom the honour has been conferred. The story so far illustrates the value of energy, probity, intelligence, and self-reliance to aspirants for wealth and distinction in the mercantile career, under unfavourable circumstances ; and, to a certain extent, speaks well for the character )f British rule. What we have narrated, how -1 ever, is the mere outline or husk of our Parsee's life. More than a rising adventurer, or a great merchant prince, Sir JAMSETJEE JEJEEBHOY has been, from the dawning of prosperity upon him, a great public benefactor. The wealth ho ac• quired was not wholly sunk in new adventures, nor, when the harvest may be said to have been reaped, was it garnered exclusively for his own personal use. The man's life was princely, and immense sums were disbursed by him with a lavish hand. Other men have clone the like before his day, and others in all probability will do so after. But there was this peculiarity about the Parsee merchant—his gifts flowed not from an ostenta tious, but from a benevolent heart, and were directed into their channels by an intelligent and discriminating mind. Emphatically he war—he is—a great public benefactor—the friend alike of the Parsee, of India, and of Englishmen His countrymen toiling beneath a broiling sun I lacked water. He sunk wells, constructed tanks, built aqueducts even, to assuage their thirst. A road was required for the public convenience, a river wa3 to be spanned. JAMSEZTEE JEJEBEHOY laid out the road and built the bridge. The suf fering of his fellow-countrymen from accident and disease passed before him—he did not dole out a few rupees--he built them an hospital. This was not enough, though it involved a victory over native prejudice—he supplied the students of the hospitals with books and offered prizes for their emulation. For the helpless and the distressed he provided a " Homo of Charity." All this he did spontaneously and at his own cost. His charity did not end here—it took a yet higher flight and a more expansive range. It transcended the barrier of country, and came to the relief of our follow-countrymen in the year famine, when so many Scotch and Irish homes became desolate, fever finishing but too often what unsatisfied hunger had begun. To British genius, valour, and devotion, his heart was large enough and his mind capacious enough Lo pay unmistakeable homage. To the WELLING TON Testimonial he was among the most liberal contributors, and to the Patriotic Fund his dona tion was 750/. On public works and charities he has expended no less a sum than a quarter of a million ; and now that his career, in the course of nature, must be well nigh finished, we find him in negotiation with Government for the insti tution of a School of Design in India, to which he proposes to contribute 10,0001. Such a public benefactor as this deserves to be honoured in his lifetime on the theatre of his good (feeds ; and the testimonial now being got up at Bombay in recognition of his services to humanity, however striking, is not likely to exceed his deserts. The Parsee merchant has set an example which the proudest and the most benevolent GUATEMALA BONDS. Yesterday, a meeting of the Guatemala bondholders was held at the London Tavern, for the purpose of con firming an agreement which had been made between their commissioner and the government of Guatemala for a conversion of that debt. Mr. J. D. POWLES, chairman of the Spanish American Bondholders'Committee, occupied the chair. The agreement was read ; it provided for a con version of the existing debt forloo,ollo/.of new bonds,carry ing interest at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum, payable in London half-yearly, namely, the Ist February and Ist of August. The bonds were to be secured on a portion of the maritime revenues and custom dues of Guatemala. The chairman announced that the agent of the contract ing state had arrived in London for affecting the con version, and that the first dividend would be payable on the 15th Oct., and the second on the Ibt Feb. next. The agreement having been confirmed, a resolution was proposed empowering the Spanish American Bond holders' Committee who had negotiated the conversion, to deduct 5 per cent. from the new bonds, by way of remunerating them for their labours, and re-imbursing them for the expenses to which they bad been put. A desultory and somewhat personal discussion arose on this question, and eventually an amendment giving them only 3 per cent., was carried by 6 votes against 4. A resolu tion was next proposed to the effect that a commission of 6d. in the pound on the dividends should be allowed to the agent in Guatemala,. who would be appointed to attend to forwarding the remittances. This was carried by a majority of Bto 1. In the course of the proceed. ings the chairman and several of the committee an nounced that, after the suicidal amendment which bad been carried, and after the language which had been made use of, they would not interfere any further in the affairs of Guatemala. THE VENEZUELAN DEBT. Yesterday a meeting cf the Venezuelan bondholders was held at the London Tavern ; Mr. Powles in the chair. Mr. Powles stated that a letter had been re ceived from Lord Clarendon, enclosing a letter from M. Corvaia, the Venezuelan Minister, in which he re peated his former proposal, and added, "If, contrary to all expectations, new difficulties should be thrown in the way by parties interested in doing so, it is my duty to state that, having exhausted all means for an arrangement, and my Government having been so un ju abused in the report and re--olutions presented by the chairman of the oornuAttee, it. dignity forbids ;rg dealing...ay Jon g oc wir, the same." (Laughter.) A series of resolutions, declining to entertain M. Corvaia's pro position, invoking the assistance of the British Govern ment, and resolving to send an agent to Caracas, were proposed, and, after au ineffectual attempt to substitute an amendment, carried. M. Corvaia (who was present) then expressed his full concurrence in the determination of the bondholders to send an agent to Caracas, in order to see whether the Venezuelan Government could really do any more than it had proposed. If that agent went in a friendly spirit the step would probably succeed ; but if the bondholders used threats they touched the dignity of Venezuela. If they talked of Lord Clarendon, the Government of Venezuela would reply, " Well, then, we will deal with Lord Clarendon, either by force or by ne gotiation." (A laugh.) If they wished the Venezuelan Government to deal with them, let them put Lord Cla rendon out of the question. The CHAIRMAN, in reply, said the agent they intended to send out would treat the Government of Venezuela with every consideration ; but he would certainly insist on j astice being done to those whom he would represent. (Clieers.) After some further conversation, a vote of thanks to the chairman and committee terminated the proceedings. NER MAJESTY'S ROUTE TO SCOTLAND.—Her Majesty instead of proceeding by the coast route from Newcastle to Edinburgh, this year will cause the Royal train to turn off at Berwick on the 28th, and proceed along the Kelso branch up the valley of the Tweed, and thence by the Hawick branch to Edinburgh. Dryburgh, Melrose, and Abbotsford are comprehended in this route. VISIT OF HER MAJESTY TO THE CHANNEL ISLANDS Aug. B.—lt is the intention of her Majesty the Queen and his Royal Highness Prince Albert to pay an early visit to Jersey and Guernsey. Should the weather per mit the Royal party will embark to-morrow from Os borne-house, on board the Royal yaoht Victoria and Albert, Captain the Hon. J. Denman, and proceed on a cruise down Channel, caning at the islands en route. The Right Hon. H. Labouchere, Secretary of State for the Colonies, will attend her Majesty. This gentleman, together with Sir J. Clark, her Majesty's Physician, will embark from the Southampton Docks to-morrow morning on board the Royal yacht Elfin, Master-Com mander Balliston, and proceed direct to Osborne. Lord Palmerston has taken a lease of Cambridge house, Piccadilly, for a term of years. ITALIAN OPERA. IN DllBLlN.—Arrangements have been made by Messrs. Cramer and Beale for the performance of Italian Opera at the Theatre Royal, Dublin. The season, which is to commence on the 15th September, will comprise 12 nights, and the company engaged will in clude Grisi, Mario, and other distinguished singers from the Opera houses in London. ITALIAN OPERA AT BATH AND BRISTOL.—Mr. Beale has engaged a company of Italian singers, including Grisi and Maria, for two operatic performances in each of these cities, commencing in the month of October. ST. GEORGE'S HALL, LIVERPOOL.—The inauguration concert.at this ball will take place on the 15th Septem ber, under the auspices of Messrs. Cramer and Beale, who have engaged for the occasion Madame Alboni ' Ma dame Clara Novello, Herr Formes, and Mr. Sims Reeves, M. Verdi, the composer, has arrived in Paris. PA/Lt.—A letter from Piacenza, of August 1, says that the Austrians continue to send in fresh troops there with as much secresy as possible ; and on the previous Saturday, 600 dragoon horses arrived, some of which, as there was not room for them in the barracks, were stabled in the churches. According to a ratan published yesterday the amount of the Nation& Debt on the 31st of March last was 775,314.6941., on which the annualinterest is 2 3,267,3611. During the year ending at that date the stock created by loans was 21,555,4161., and by funding of Exchequ3r. hills, &c., 3,352,7181., involving an annual interest of 747,2431. A claim against the King Consort of Spain for eight millions of francs, under a written agreement made by him in 1840, when he was Den Francisco de Bourbon, with M. de Tastct, a French merchant in London, to 'my that sum in consideration of certain services, is likely (says Le Nord) to be litigated at Paris, and to lead to some very curious disclosures. PRINCE ALBERT AN AUSTRALIAN PROPRIETOR.—It ig stated that Prince Albert has bought an enormous tract of land in Australia, which, in about 20 years, will re turn about 1,000 times as much as all the Saxes, Coburg and Gotha, in Germany, put together. Now, there is a principle in all thi., whether or not it is true that the Marquis of Westminster advances portions of the pur chase -money. When William the Fourth, for himself and successors, made the bargain with Parliament that he should have so much a year in consideration of his. giving up all the crown lands, it was distinctly intended that the Sovereigns should for ever cease to be land holders. But here the Crown is recommencing its Nue• tions as estated proprietor. The Queen bought Os borne ; the Prince bought Balmoral, and has bought a province in Australia, and will go on buying for the sake of the little royalties. We read in the New York Times of the 15th ultimo, "Mrs, H. Beecher Stowe sails on Wednesday next fcr Europe. She will bring out her book, 'On the Influ ence of Slavery upon the White Population,' during her absence, both in England and in the United Statee, LATEST EWS: MARSEILLES, AUG. 8. We have intelligence from Constantinople to the Ist. The squadron of Admiral Houston Stewart has left for the Black Sea, and will re- main there until Russia gives up Kars and the Isle of Serpents. MARSEILLES, SATURDAY, AUG. 9, 9.30 A.M. The Maher has arrived, with advices from Constantinople to the 31st of July. Despatches left at 9 a.m. Admiral Stewart left Constantinople on the 29th of July, with a squadron, for the Black Sea. BERLIN, AUG. 7. A letter from Vienna to the Dresden Gazette states that Russia has evacuated the Isle of Ser pents, which has now been occupied by the Turks. The frontier commission has not yet been able to agree on the question of the incorporation of Bel grad. Admiral Napier has arrived at Berlin. MADRID, AUG. 7. By a Royal decree, published in the Gazette of to-day, the resignations of MM. Olozaga and Gonzalez of the posts of ambassadors at Paris and London have been accepted. It is said that General Serrano has been appointed as ambassador to Paris. The Gazette contains no political news of interest. The national guard of Aragon has been disarmed. FRANCE. PARIS, FRIDAY. Count Walowski has returned to Paris from his excursion into Germany and Switzerland. A de cree in the Moniteur puts an end to the ad interim management of the department of foreign affairs, confided to M. Baroche during the Count's ab sence. We read in the Moniteur :—" Marshal Duke Pelissier having taken leave of the Emperor on Wednesday evening at Plornbieres, arrived yester day (Thursday) at Paris, at 5 p.m., by a special train on the Lyons railway." a The Roman Railway Company was fully and finally formed here, one day this week, by the Pope's Nuncio. The Mediterranean and the Adriatic are to be connected by railways from Civita Vecchia to Rome, and from Rome to Ancona and Bologna. A telegraphic despatch from Bonifacio announces that the immersion of the Mediterranean Electric Telegraph bad commenced at Cagliari. BOURSE, Aug. B.—The following were the latest quotations Cash. fr. e. End of Month. 4 per Cents 95 -- —f. —c. 3 per Cents 7O 60 70 70 New Loan 7O 50 Bank Shares 4,100 Roman Credit Mobilier 1,635 Austrian Belgian :Fives 99i Spanish Threes Piedinoutese (5) . 9O 50 Home Debt ....pi— RAILWAYS-POE CASH. fr. c. fr. a. Orleans 1,415 Western 965 Northern 1,050 Strashurg Lyons.. ...... 1,455 New Ditto Mediterranean 1,831 50 Grand Central Lyons Geneva Bl2 Taste Cette B)3 Austrian Com. ...... 892 50 SPAIN. The Madrid journals of the 3d have reachel us by express ; they contain nothing beyond what was given in the letter published yesterday. The Duke de la Victoria, at an audience to take leave of the Queen and King, had been received by their Ma jesties with their customary kindness. The inter view, according to the Epoca, lasted a long time, but without anything important taking place at it. GREECE. A letter from Vienna, in the Bourse Gazette, says :—" The visit of King Otho of Greece to Vienna, Carlsbad, and Tceplitz, has not been un attended with political results. Our Cabinet has employed its influence with the Western Powers relative to the occupation of UreeCO Dy DEILIBII and French troops, and we now learn that the evacua tion of the kingdom is determined on. The ques tion of the succession to the throne has likewise been discussed ; and our Cabinet has endeavoured to obtain the consent of England, France, and Rus sia to endow Prince Adalbert with the right exercised by his brother Leopold, namely, to renounce his pretensions to the throne in favour of his descend ants. This point of view will probably be shared by the protecting Powers, and the difficulty raised by the refusal of Prince Adalbert to enter the *reek Church will be removed." AUSTRIA. The Gazette of Vienna publishes the revenue account of the Austrian empire during the first six months of the present year. The direct taxes produced 15,613,171 florins, or 4,920,769 florins more than in the corresponding pe riod of last year ; the indirect taxes pro duced 71,697,597 florins, or an increase of 5,637,994 florins ; domains, mines, and the mint, 2,133,974 florins, being a diminution of 4,336,570 florins • divers receipts 4,906,993 florins, or a decrease of 232,522 florins. The total receipts are 129,593,423 florins, 0r5,790,518 florins more than in 1855, and 11,046,083 florins more than in 1854. The direct taxes and the monopoly of tobacco and salt have furnished the most im portant increase of income. The diminution in the receipts of domains, mines, (tc., has been caused by the fact of the Government having made over its richest possessions to the national bank, in order to reduce its debt with,that establishment. ITALY. TURIN, Aug. s.—lt was mentioned yesterday that the Municipal Council of Ravenna had fol lowed the example of that of Bologna, in adopting an address to the Pope, praying for relief from foreign intervention. It seems now it has gone further—it has " bettered the instruction;" for, in a subsequent sitting, it voted another address to his Holiness, begging for the electoral law for the municipalities, which he himself decreed, but which has never been acted up to, should be put in force. A letter from the Legations, received this morning, says : "Legal acts of opposition in the Legations multiply, and the resistance acquires every day more ground. The Municipal Council of Ravenna has, besides petition ing the Pope against the occupation of the country by foreign troops, made a formal demand that the municipal law of MO should not remain a dead letter. A reasonable memorial, in which it is asked that the right of election shouldbe con ceded as the only moms of making known the true wants and the just demands of the people, was pre sented to the Council, sig ned by eight of the m os t dis tinguished members ; an d an absolute majority of the Council then recorded their adherence to the principle by adding their signatures to the said document. The memorial was subsequently transmitted to the Munici pal Magistracy, in order that the Government authori ties might participate in it. "It must be added that the same Municipality of Ravenna had positively refused to execute the work laid down for it by the Pontifical Commissioner, Mon signor Amici, in his recent economic provisions, against which an energetic protest was signed by the proprietors and met Oants of Ravenna. "The Government authorities are very naturally much concerned at the great significance of these mani festations." • SCANDINAVIA. (From the Times' Correspondent.) STOCKHOLM,' JULY, 1856. Since the events of 1848 a gradual but deep change has been coming over the Scandinavian kingdoms • a slow and sure movement tend s to their social, moral, and political union, and a peaceable agitation to that effect, known by the name of "Scandinavism," pervades all classes. The people of the three kingdoms feel that they are united by the bonds of a common origin, reli gion, and language ; for, however different tho dialects spoken in the sister kingdoms, a Swede has no difficulty in comprehending a Dane or a Nor wegian ; the literature of our country is read by the other two ; their habits and their wants, their amusements and their aspirations, are the same. Divided by the hostile politics of their different Governments, they have ever clang to each other in spirit, and now more than ever they feel that it is only by a more intimate union that they can withstand the common foe. The first active symptom of the deep-rooted sym pathies of the three branches of the Scandina vian family was the repeated visits of the students from the respective Universities of Sweden, Den mark, and Norway, These began in laA )lavo been often repeated, and always with a more lively feeling of welcome from the visited to the visitors. The crafty and far-seeing policy of Russia took umbrage at these proceedings , while England, of ex too careless o f c on ti ngen t dangers, and perhaps too confident in the promises of the Czar, looked on with unconcern, and France, agitated by internal dissensions, could take no part in foreign events. It was therefore at the instigation of the Rus sian Cabinet that the conferences of London (in May, 1852) settled the succession of King Frede rick, last descendant of the ancient line of Olden burg, upon a princa of Holstein Glucksburg, thus conferring eventual rights on the Imperial family of Russia, as heirs to the House of Holstein. It required the powerful intimidation of Russia, and the utmost influence of the reactionary Ministry at home, to induce the nation to adopt a measure so repugnant to their feelings and interests, and this bill only passed the representative body by a trifling majority. The heir apparent is at no pains to conceal his Russian tendencies, and succeeded during the late war in getting up a very hostile feeling towards the allies among the higher classes of society. The body of the nation, however, in spite of Russian intrigues, German propagandism, and the neglect of the Western Powers, still adheres to the sister kingdoms, and looks to them for succour against the dangers from the East and South. The treaty of the 21st of November, which has for ever se vered the old tie between Sweden and Russia, has signally contributed to this result. Denmark is divided into two perfectly distinct parties—the real Danes and the Germans ; they are separated by their language, tastes, habits, and even their interior organisation. One or other must necessarily conquer, as any real reconciliation be tween such discordant elements is out of the ques tion. The fierce war from 1848 to 1852 has widened the breach, and even since the peace per petual bickerings and serious quarrels are matters of daily occurrence. Some vehement recriminations on the part of the Duchies have recently added fresh fuel to the flames of national animosity. Holstein, which is entirely German, is governedby a rich and powerful aristocracy, whereas Den mark, since 1848, has embraced democratic prin ciples, and leans towards the doctrine of political equality. The former seeks a refuge in the arms of the . German Confederation, the latter looks upon Scandinavism as its only chance of safety. Nothing but a complete separation of such hete rogeneous elements can restore peace to the coun try, and on this point both Danes and Germans are agreed. Everything tends to restore Holstein to the mother country, and Jutland and the islands to the sister kingdoms already united. Schleswig, with its population of 370,000 souls, half Danes, half Germans, seems to present the only obstacle to such an arrangement ; but even here some plan founded on the different localities and their separate nationality may be elaborated; and has been already seriously contemplated in 1848. Scandinavism in our days is not imbued with the spirit of conquest ; it does not aspire to its end by convulsive throes and sanguinary revolutions ; it is merely the tendency of along divided family to be again united, and this union is a wise and politic measure, dictated by the wants of ages, the experience of past disasters, and the shadowing forth of future dangers, but averted by one com mon effort. Deep .sympathies for the common stock are implanted in every Scandinavian heart. The two Kings are on the most friendly terms ; the two Cabinets are on a footing of perfect confidence ; not a vestige of distrust subsists between the two nations. The end is working out slowly but surely. It is useless to hurry; it would be cruel to attempt to impede the final union of the Scandi navian nationalities. All that is required to secure this guarantee for the independence of Europe, and civilisation in general, is that the Allied Powers should prevent Russia na3ddYng the interior affairs of the north, with a view to dividing and weakening its strength. The rest will be brought about by th good sense of the people ; and, without being able to deter mine the moment when this great event will take place, it may be safely affirmed that the decrees of Providence will be speedily carried out, and the great united family of Swedes, Danes, and Nor wegians will be the safest bulwark for Western Europe. Denmark, by its geographical position, is of immense military importance, not only for the defence of the Scandivinian realms, but also for the protection of the rest of Europe against the incur sions of the Russian fleet. The straits of the Sound, situated between the Baltic and the Ger man Ocean, are as much obstacles to the Russian development in the north as the Dardanelles in t'ae south, and Denmark, like the Ottibman Empire, stands sentry for the liberties of Europe. It is remarkable to reflect that while the Muscovite em pire has stretched its territorial frontiers from the Vistula to the boundary of China, its maritime progress has ever been checked by the two secon dary Powers who rule these two small straits. Hut, ..77cSixiu TAuklic rya., utiajlitnOus iu wrest ing from the hands of Russia the key of the South, it is to be hoped she will be equally solicitous for that of the North ; and here neither her treasures nor the blood of her children are required. Let the wisdom of diplomacy only second the wish of the people,—fortify Denmark by Sweden and Nor way, Sweden and Norway by Denmark, let the Scandinavian people be united in the bonds they covet, and let this empire be sufficiently strong to withstand any attempt at conquest from its oppo site neighbour. As it is well to answer all objections, even those suggested by timid politicians, let me add that, however the Scandinavian union may be powerful to resist aggression, it never could be sufficiently strong to give umbrage in the west. This is evident from the annexed list of population : Inhabitants. Denmark (exclusive of the Duchies) 1,500,000 Sweden 3,600,000 Norway 1,500,000 Forming a total of 6,600,000, or scarcely two thirds of that of the Two Sicilies, which boasts of nearly 10,000,000 inhabitants. The military force of the united kingdoms, with out augmenting their actual army, would bo about 150,000 or 160,000 soldiers ; and about 70,000 sailors. What is called the large fleet possesses above 2,000 cannon ; but where England would find the greatest assistance in the event of any war is what we designate as the little fleet, which is composed of 500 gunboats and yawls, so indispen sable in the navigation of this rocky coast and shoal-clustered sea. It is designedly that I say "England," for it is to the English alliance that the Scandinavian union must look for support ; and any breath with the real champions of civilisa tion would be fatal to their futurity as a nation. This conviction of mine is so strong that I hardly think it worth our while to refute the arguments of those who through tear of displeasing a power ful country, or perhaps from more interested mo tives, pretend to dread the closing of the Baltic. This notion is preposterous, and so far from the thoughts of the Scandinavians that it is even con templated to abolish the Sound Dues, besides which, it would be easy to stipulate that no fortifi cations should be erected either i n S ee l an d or on the coasts of Scania. Now that the conclusion of peace has softened down all hostile feeling it is easier to take a dis passionate view of the conduct of Sweden during the war than when, in the heat of contest, active co-operation was expected from her, without any reference to her peculiar position. - It is now proved by authentic documents that the sympathies of King Oscar were from the first enlisted on the side of the allies, and that he, like the chivalrous King Victor Emmanuel, would have raised his standard by their side, had the decisive campaign been in. the Baltic, where alone the Scandinavian forces would have Leen available ; and yet in what situation does the peace of Paris leave Sweden ?—what strength has diplomacy given her in her new position with regard to Russia ? I will not allude to the brilliant dream of con quering Finland, but merely remark on what has been in the power of the allies—the islands of Aland. True, the treaty guarantees that this archipelago shall not be fortified, and that neither military nor naval arsenals shall be establ;shed there ; but we who are well acquainted with the locality cannot but smile at such au illusory specu lation, and deeply regret that the neutralisation of these islands was not insisted upon at the Con ferences. The letter of the treaty may be evaded by esta blishing a depot of military stores on the mainland, reserving Aland and its chain of islands as a sort of natural bridge to the strait which divides it from S we den, and which is often frozen over for weeks together. Aland itself, the principal island of this group, which comprises about 60 others, is 30 Eng lish wiles long and 24 wide, and the wholo archi pelago is divided into eight parishes, with a popu lation of 20,000 souls. Recent accounts mention movements of troops in these isles ; and, as there is nothing stipulated against their having a strong garrison, this might easily form the head of an invading column from Sweabo rg t o St oc kh o l m . The treaty of the 21st of November has certainly guaranteed Sweden against any open or covert act of Russian aggression ; but suppose some new European convulsion, when Western Europe has home difficulties to contend with, what is there to prevent the Russian fleet of the White Sea from securing the best harbours in iCT4lva;, - ;tudthat of Cronstalt from taking possession of Gothland, in stead of merely asking for it, as in 1834 ? This is no chimerical fear,. and that the English Government may not be again 4tlrKifiea by soma audacious invasion of an unguarded point in an allied country it may be well here to recapitulate the resources of our crafty neighbour- Russia possesses in the White Sea 400 transports, of about 15,000 tons burden, most of them inannesi by sailors acquainted with every nook and cranny of the rocky coast of Finmark, as we; 1 1 as every shoal in the Fiords. They are so constructed that they can easily be adapted to convey not only troops but artillery, and E. , uch a fleet could, carry 10,000 men with heavy guns and stores for a three months' campaign. Such an expedition might dis embark anywhere between the C-alf of Waranger, at the north-eastern gxtremity of Fnmark, and the Gulf of Drontheim, on the south-western—that is to say, along nearly 800 miles of coast, without meeting a single military post. Russia already shows symptoms of oinister de signs on the islands of Gothland and Bornholm, as well as the deep bays of Finmark. Scientific expeditions now, as in 1841, are set on fol3t by the Russian Government, and military roads t;re being constructed leading towards the coveted p oints of Lapland. The Norwegian journal of Cromsoe complains bitterly of the num her of arm ned boati which have come this year to Vadso, in the bay of Waranger, perhaps to lay the foundation of some future Sebastopol within 200 miles of the British coasts. Sweden leaves no means untried t 'lO watch over and foil the manoeuvres of Russia ; hut, in spite of her daily increasing prosperity, of I 'ler improved agriculture, and great sacrifices to n taintain the army and navy on a suitable footii she cer tainly could not resist an invasion .1 rithout the help of the allies, who, be it rememb, ,red, have guaranteed for ever the integrity of her territory. It is therefore as much the interest of the allied Powers as it is for the advantage of SI veden to encourage and lend a hand to the Scam linavian aggrandisement. As I have said before, the best means of attain ing this end, which I verily believe to be Is im perative for the security of the British supremacy on the ocean as for the balance of power in the north, is to bring about a Scandinavian Conic ,de ration of States able to withstand encroachm eat and to disregard threats. The union of Swed( lap Denmark, and Norway would still be very inferi 'or to the ancient kingdom of Sweden, when it col n prised Pomerania and the riah provinces of FL O land, Esthonia, and Livonia, now the prey of all-invading Russia ; but it might be sufficient t o hold its own, without a perpetual recourse to th guaranteeing Powers. AMERICA. SOUTHAMPTON, AUG. 8. By the United States mail steam-ship Fulton, Capt. Wotton, which arrived off Cowes this morn ing en route from New York to Havre, with the French and English mails, $700,030 in specie ($105,000 of which is for London), and 93 passen— gers, we have dates to the 26th ult. The Fulton, on the 6th inst., in lat. 50.40 N., long. 13.18 W., exchanged signals with the Bre men bark Adulgunde and ship Fifeshire, of and fog . London. In the New York Senate a bill had been passed: providing that whenever unoccupied guano islands should be discovered by American citizens they' will be considered as appertaining to the Unitedl. States. The bill also guarantees to discoverers tho exclusive use of the guano deposits, and fixes the rate at which the arti c l e s h a ll b e sold. The Houso also went into committee of the whole on the Army Appropriation Bill. Mr. Barbour, of In diana, moved to amend the clause making pro vision for the pay of the army by adding a. disapproval of the code of alleged laws et Kansas, and the manner in which they were en forced, expressly declaring that, unless they should be confirmed by Congress, no part of the federal forces should be employed for their enforcement, nor should any citizens of Kansas be compelled 0 ail as a posse commitatus of any officer acting as marshal or sheriff in that territory. After a de bate in which the Kansas troubles were fully dis cussed a motion to further amend, by declaring: that the laws of Kansas were null and void, was agreed to by a majority of 57 to 56. The first proposition as amended was then carried by 72 to 57 votes. The bill for providing pensions for the relief of the widows and orphans of the crews of the lost ships Albany and Porpoise was also passed. The Senate also passed a bill providing for the compulsory prepayment of postage on all printed matter. A resolution was offered, calling on the President to answer whether General Smith had been instructed to refuse protection to the citizens of Leavenworth, Kansas, from the border ruffians. A message was received rom the President, recom mending an appropriation of 5300,000 to complete the purchase of and finish the new post-office at Philadelphia. The latest intelligence regardi:ng the Brooks and Burlingame affair state that reports were current that Burlingame hail received a, challenge from Mr_ Bocock, of Virginia, also that b e h a d been ad vised by his friends to p rocee d t o Ni agara to await the expiration of the peri o d ass i gne d f or th e tricot ing with Mr. Brooks. The correspondent of the Intelligencer writes from Kansas that Colonel Lane, at the head of 600 men, armed with rifles, bowie knives, and re volvers, crossed the Missouri into Kansas on the 21st ult. Afcer crossing, Colonel Lane said be would go no further, but return and force his vial up the Missouri river with his other regiment. General Harney, Colonel Baker, and Captain Play santon had arrived at Fort Leavenworth. It was reported that a party of Cheyenne Indians had at tacked the guardhouse at Fort Kearney, and re scued some of the Indians confined there, making good their retreat with the loss of three killed. Colonel Fauntleroy had arrived at St. Louis from New Mexico, and reported all quiet among the Indians in the northern part of the territory. Files of Bermuda journals to the 16th ult. state that, after a lone- '' period of dry weather, during which the whole face of the country had become parched, and fears of a drought began to be enter tained, genial iaine had fallen. Havannali dates to the 19th ult. slate that the Captain-General was convalescent. He was about to be created Marquis. Brigadier-General Rada had left Costa Rica and gone to Lima. In the New-York money-market the demand for money was active, and the supply less abundant; however, there was no difficulty in negotiating call-loans or fint-class securities at 6 per cent. per annum, a few banks having called in part of their loans. Brokers were kept busy, but in the latter part of the day the money-market was again quiet. Foreign exchanges ruled quiet, but firm. Bankers held sterling bills at 110, but few small sales only were above 109. First-class commercial draughts on England could be- bought at 1092, and on Palls at 5.16 k. The stock-market was heavy, but the transactions were large. The sales of cotton on the 25th ult. were confined to about 500 to 600 bales, at unchanged prices. "TEE WORLD AS IT IS, AND MY PLACP; IN IT. When we first took up this new work we were somewhat puzzled by its quaint title, scarcely knowing whether wo had not a work on geology or history before us. We strongly advise the author, iu another edition, to denote in some clearer way the object of his work. This objec tion, however, reaches no further than the title page; and we have the appearance of a work which attempts to put an end to the piecemeal way in which history has generally been taught to the young. To study particular histories without first having some idea of the general connection of events is like rai3ing a superstructure without any solid foundation. We believe that many a school boy who reads the history of Greece and Rome has those histories as entirely disconnected in his own mind as if the two countries were in different planets. Yet there is scarcely any nation where poor history is not more or less connected with that of other nations; and at the present time the world is becoming more and more one great family of nations, every part of which is more or less inti mately connected with the rest. We aro glad, therefore, of the appearance of a work which aims especially to show tile connection of history for the benefit of the young. We do not commit ourselves to all the author's views but we are bound to re commend this work to the favourable notice of our readers. VACANCIES, APPOINTMENTS, AND PROMOTIONS IN T/1 14 CIVIL SERVICE.—General Post-office—The postmaster ship of Bangor, N.W., has becom3 vacant by the removal of Mr. Pritchard, value 180/. ; the postmastership of Stafford is vacant, value 250/. ; the postmastership of Chichester has become vacant by the death of Mr. Jolla Attrve Fuller. sank of England—A c l er k s hi p i n the drawing-office for private accounts has become vacant by the death of Mr. Ebenezer Benjamin Greenwood. Customs—A. vacancy in the collectorship of Greenock has been causell "by the death of Mr. W. Stiles Roe ; Mr. R. Allerton has been promoted from second to firs t class clerk in London ; Mr. J. Gendle has been pro !noted from third to second class clerk, East and We s India Docks ; Mr. W. Warburton has been promote from fourth to thi r d c l ass clerk, East and West 1 0 ' Docks ; Mr. R. George has been promoted from fifth t fourth cl:r4s clerk, Elst and Wcit India Docks. In ian Revenue Department, stamps and taxes branch—q r John Aris has been appointed dlstributor of stamps for Kent; Major Seten Lionel Smith has been aPlr in i . t he sub inspector of la - ztories in and around Glasgow, If' h - as room of C. Balfour, deceased ; M r , 'Henry Wl"' a been appointed to the Income ( a Civii (Service game. ~gorAfluo n ~ / ~A Y.~