The Sun. — London, England, 1856-08-02 00:00:00

TEL ALMA REVISITED. (Prom the Special Correspon,clent of tke Times.) I have now gone twice to-the Alma, and have exa sniped the ground of the battle with the ignorance of a civilian and the interest of a Great Briton. The road from the plateau on which for one long year the hopes and fears and anxieties of civilised Europa were concen trated leads down from the ridge on which the battle of Inkerman was mainly fought to the deep ravine out of which the materials for the mansions, quays, harbours, docks, and forts of Sebastopol have been hewed. It pre sents a wild and desolate aspect. The slabs of oolite tower perpendicularly for several hundred feet on the right hand and left to the verge of the elevated plateau, and rise, like great white walls of masonry, aloft from a base of huge blocks and disintegrated masses of the same substance. This ravine, deepening as it descends, falls at right angles to the valley through which the Tcher naya eats its way to the head of the Roads of Sebas topol. At the lower end of the ravine the aqueduct spans it, and then is carried on a light and handsome bridge of masonry, supported on some 10 or 12 arches right across, and disappears in a tunnel through the solid rock on the left hand side. Passing underneath through one ofthe arches, you find yourself-by the banks of the slngeish Tehereayit, and a ride of 50) yards or so past the perpendicular chtfs, perforated with caves, which bound the margin of the valley, leads you to the cause way across the marsh towards Inkerman. An excellent wooden bridge built by our engineers stretches across the river ; and the marsh beyond is crossed by a high causeway. Arrived at the end of the causeway, the cliffs of northern Inkerman are above you, and the road winds up to a ravine which leads you to their recesses , . A curious chapel and monkery in the caves is visible in the face of the cliff. Embrasures are above, before, and on each side of you on entering these fastnesses. The black pupils cf these dull eyes have been removed, hut there is enough of the works left to show bow hot and fre• quent they could have flashed on you in their anger. There are five batteries on various points of this ravine, • and the slopes of the plateau atfird many fine sites for field artillery or guns of position. The road is good. On the right, about a mile from the entrance of the ravine, are numerous deep shafts in the clay, from which the Russians draw their supply of water. The road winds gradually upwards till it leads you to the level of the north plateau of Inkerman, juet ae this Quarries road took you down from the south plateau to the level of the val . ley of the Tchernaya, from which you are now ascending Hereis the Russian camp, at which we have so often gaz-ti from the heights on the right of our position. It is now very much altered in appearance. The huts have been abandoned, and the linen are living in every pretty, clean, and well-kept camp of canvas, but the purlieus are very dirty, and 'nave the usual disagreeable smell of Russian quarters. The tents are square in shape, and at the top, which tapers to a point frau the side of the wall, there is a knob, gilt or painted, which gives them an air of finish. The paths or streets of the camp are bordered with wild flowers and fir branches. The regiments stationed here bel-ng to the Seventh Division, which forms the First Division of the third corps d'arlnee, and are as well as I could ascertain the 13th (Smolentke) and 14th (Politech), and number about 6,000 men. There is a brigade of bald artillery—two batteries— close to this camp, and the piece; ere very weli kept and in excellent condition. The canteemente extend as far as the heights over the valley of the Belbek on the left band side, and could have contained about 18,000 mere which considerably exceeds the streneth of the whole of the Seventh D. vision. A steep road descending from the verge of the piawetu at the point where the Russiaa ha Mir is established leads to the Bib k, which -is crossed by two bridges. Oae of these is a fir, well-built new structure of wood ; the other is that by which the army crossed in the flank march, and the post-house near which Sir George Cathcart took up his quarters still remains intact. The Fourth Division bivouacked here the night before we entered Belaltleva, when Lord Rag. len slept at Traktir, on the Tchernaya, and Sir George was eery unettty on account cf his isolated position, separated, as be was, from the rest of the army, are] believing that a body of Russiaes intervened between them. It was from thie that General Windham rode with despatches to the Katcher, antieipeting Commander Maxse's arrival from the Tchernaya by wore than ba:f an heur, and from this neighbouriseod the army turne d towards Mackenzie. Lerd Raglan reconnoitred Saba,- topol from a lii:iock cited, to the road on the right, a short time before we fell in with the rear guard and bag• gage of the enemy. Devarkoi, or Belbek, is greatly changed since then,—the trees have been cut down, and the valley, once so beautiful, blooms nn more. The vilate have been used as betonale, and there are many Russian gravte, marked with black wooden crosses, in the neighbouriog ravines. From this valley you ascend another steep hill to the tip of the plates u which lies between it and the valley of the liatcha. The gnat ed is covered with d earl: tre -s and thick brush wood, full of lie:all eiedl shell birde which are perse cuted by numerous falcons and hawks. There are patches of naked ground and ashes scattered over the plateau, which show where parties of the enemy were encamped ; hut the country is not suited for large bodies of mete as water is not to be had, except at the rivers. The plateau is intersected be numerous woody ravines, and the tricks followed by the allied armies are plainly visible. They have been much used by the Russians. A ride of three quarters of an hour takes us to the valley of the lively), will beautiful and rich with verdure, for ibis part of it is too far from the immes diate operations of war, and too much out oft the track from Bekshi-Serai, to have suffered much. The p lace which we approach was once the village of Dike' ; it is now in ruins. The Ttrtar houses are pulled down oe unto 'fed, the population have fled, and the Russian houses are just as they were left by the C)asacks on our epee:melt after the Alma. The church gleams brightly through the dense branches of the fruit trees, which are covered with blossoms, but the large tracts of vineyards which welcomed us nearly three years ago are now uncultivated. The Doctor's house is in a sad plight, one of the first we entered after the Alma, suet is still the picture of neglect and ruin. Lord Steen's oomfortable residence is in the custody of an old Tarter, who shows the broken furniture, the sofas ripped open, the chairs smashed, and the beds cut up, with great pride, and lea-la one to inter pretty plainly that Ruakie did all the mischief. It was at this village that the Russians halted to reciver breath after their headlong flight from the Alms, and from it they lied the same night in panic on the cry being raised that the !lie' were coming. The Ketclia t-; a deep nerro stream with rotten banks, and scone people think it would have afferded a better position than the Alma ; hut, in fast, it is too near Sehatteeel. We found a few Russian soldier; in the houses ; and on the first occasion it happened to be the Greek }tester bunciav, and we were meet hespitably entertained by a poor Rus sian family who insieted on oeir tetrad:Mg of paints -I eggs, of salt pork ateeped in vinegar, and cabbage, of brown bread, batter, vodka, or white home-made brandy and Crim tobacco, and then on embracing us because we were Christians —a severe punishment, which, if often repeated, might lead to recantation. Crossing the - Katcha by the brielge over which our army filed into Ake!, we find ourselves on the steppe—the dry barren plain etuddel with tumuli, which exten•ls in wavy folds right away to Perekop. At this season of the year it in glorious, with large beds of wild ft were (tweet pea, roses, mignionette, thyme, orchids of all kinds, sweet william, and many other varieties, whose tame and developed species are the oreaments of our gardens at house ; it it mus i ca l, too, with the sing of birds singlne t ;their mates in the nett ; but in Saptember it is an n aril soorched waste, covered with c uric hey ' sod, 4as i. is devoid of water, it is unfit for pasturage. The erde to the Alma from the Kee:the- i s not 'were than fight miles, but it seems twice tie distance. Tee white telegraph station, over the river, w eased on the Russian left, den be seen for many nester on a Clear day, ra but on the steppe mirage is very cem add the hori zon is rarely well defined. it is oft-n lost in a faetadie margin resembling the sent line of an agitated ocean. Bustard, on the qui 1406 about their your Dues, in soar slowly before use and eagles, vultures, and mty opeciee of falcens are visibly in pursuit, of their prey, which must consist for the most part of hares, which are very large and numerous. dlorno of these taree have been found to weigh 10:b. or 12iie, and I heave heard of a monster who turned the scale at 14 h. In one of tiic hallows in the steppe, about three miles fr nn the Alma, teere is a timall hamlet, but, with, this exception, net • habitation is vieibl e over the whets of this vast ex- Pan" of tend 5 ". It is famous ter ,urei for a loncr canter, or as m uc h of a. gene t ) as your horse nil; stand ; so with the help of an occasional scurry afte r a ' bare the distance me l ts away, and a-i crushing through the sweet fl owers the telegraph rises higher and clearer till we pull up at the foot of th e mound on which it stands. This was the scene of a fierce etruegle, end i. was hero the French had some very hard fighting' before they forced the enemy to fly: The telegraphs id :quadri hitethtl figure o white stone, and it has never been tentO t ed„ , It, corcred with names; and on one side is engraved ".La B stable d'Alrnit, A Septeinbre." The French bad pat the right tin,te, the fhOtte but the Itus- aianll obliter4t7cf it an! alte-ced it to their own style. There are 15 septil;hral D'./2 13 ancuad the tu'e. graph, wherein lie French and Russians, and the ravines are shit full of bones, and of fragments of clothing and accoutrements. Cannon shot appear to have been care fully removed. There is an excellent view of the French position and attack from the edge of the plateau. The enemy must have had every movement of the allieeunder their eyes from the time they 1 , ft Bouljanak till they halted to f rao for battle, and the spectacle could not have been one to give them courage or to inflame their ardour. The Russians declare they had only 33,000 or 34,000 trie the field ; but, admitting that to be so, they made a bad fight, considering the position they occupied, and their cavalry exhibited that passive and unenterpris ing character which it maintained throughout the war: An officer of the old Festal regiment told me that he charged our first attacking body when they were checked with the bayonet, and that if all the troops inside aid on the flanks of the redoubts had rushed out simultaneously the day would have been lost to us; but he was rather surprised when he heard that our Third and Fourth' Divi sions were still intact, and that the Guards, whom be sup posed to have been routed, were never broken except in the centre, where the Scots Fu , iliers wavered for a me i meet in their advacce under the heavy fire of the Russians and the pressure of the disjointed groups of the Light Division. Tne French are disposed to think that the English were too sloe in beginning the attack, which it was agreed should not take place tilt our allies bad gained the left of the Russian position. It is certain that Lord Raglan received one, if not two, pressing messages from Marshal St. Arnaud to hasten his columns; but one may ask bow it was that here, as everywhere else, the honour of taking the initiative was ceded to our allies, and the opportunity given to them of saying "the English were too late." Tney only numbered 23,000, whereas we had about 27,000. If it resulted from their position on our right, why did they take the left when we halted before Sebastopol 1 The assaults on the place were made on the same principle—the French first, the English afterwards ; and, whether it be true or fa se that we were "too late," there can be no doubt there was from the beginning a tendency to say so. It is beyond question, in the opinion of many officers, that the Light Division were not followed closely enough by the First in their advanee up the hill at the Alma. In other words, the latter were too slow or "too late. The French did their part admirably, and their, is. telligence and personal activity were wonderfully displayed in their progress iip' the steep ravines' and sides of the high banks of the plateau, but their loss in killed and wounded was under 700 men, while ours was just 2,000. Tne Admiral Bouet Willaumez, in his recent so-called " History of the French Navy," distinctly avers that the Eoglish General would not permit th• victory to be followed up by marching next day, and that the French were retarded by their allies. A diffe rent impression prevails in our army, but this is one of the poiets which must be cleared up for history by those who were in the con ffaence of Lord Raglan. The state ment, at all events, shows what was the belief of the chef defeat *safer of the French navy in the Black Sea. Of the necessity and of the motives for the delay, of its re. sults, of the practicability of getting such aid from the feet as would have relieved us entirely from the chars• of sick, wounded, and prisoners, Isbell not speak ; but it is to be remarked that the feebleness and imbecility of out arrangements in this portion of our administration became apparent at the very first pressure by the abandonment of our ambulances just at the very time they were mast. needed, by the disgraceful exhibition of the Kane garoo crowded with sick and wounded till she had to make the signal that she was unmanageable and unsafe, in the sight of the whole fleet, by the sufferings of her inisera'ole cargo, left to the charge of one surgeon, who eJuld not attend to a tithe of his patients, and who could not even get at them if he could have dressed their wounds, and by the wretched, foolish, and cruel expe. dient of leaving another surgeon, Mr. Thompson, and his servant on the field is take care of 700 wounded men : . Dr. Thompson felt the hopelessness and positive cruelty of such a proceeding, and remonstrated against it; but he was told that it had been "ordered," and that if the " Cossacks" canoe down his " professional charac ter" wouli protect him. Standing on the banks of the A'ma one has many bitter reflections to make, and ad the glories of that name cannot sweeten them. Tire battle itQclf was one of the most brilliant in the world— the shortest and sharpest, and our army, young in battle but veteran in service, displayed the best qualities of British infantry. We have since heard of the incredulity, of the di.may, with which the news was received in St. Petersburg, and of the subsequent eagerness of the Rus sian army to avenge the defeat and to hurry to the Crii mea to drive the allies into the sea. They found it barrier they could not break at Inkerinan ; but they are a people prune to put faith in their own invincibility, and slow to credit defeat, and they believe in themselves i I even yet. Tbe position of the Alma is so well marked that it can never be mistaken by any future visitors. The French attacked the steep and almost perpendicular cliffs. which are broken here and there by ravines which mount upwards from the river. They were divided from us bythe most marked and extensive of these ravines, and eastward of that boundary the whole of the ground suddenly farm, and, instead of rising abruptly from the Alma, gains the high level of the faille by a series of sweeping undulatione 3 offering many positions for guns, with extensive glade to the front. Descending from the plateau, some of our party crossed the bridge, and went out on the plain re wards Bouljanak to the tumuli, which stud the plains, and which denote the ektrerne range of the Russian guns. 1 On turning round towards the south the eye takes in the whole scene of battle, from the sea on the right to the low slopes which formed the right of the Russian posi- tion. Their left was separated from their right by a deep ravine running at right angles to wards the Alma, and this ravine is also the boundary between the high and steep cliffs which overhang the tortu,us course of the Alma on the south bank from the ford to the sea, and the gentler rising grounds on which the enemy's left lay, and which were strengthened by the redoubt and by the mass of the Russian artillery. It will then be seen how the Russian left depended on the nature of the ground as its best defence,and what a fatal mistake Menschikoffcom 'pitted when he omitked to take into consideration the effect of the fire of the ships. That fire soon drove back their h ft, and forced it to reform on the centre, which it put into confusion, and the French, ascending by the ravines with the utmost courageand activity, made good their bating en the right an I turned the Russian left completely with coinia - atively little loss. The advance of our allies was covered to a great extent by the thick foliage on the banks of the Alma, and the cliffs are so high and rotten that guns could not be used with suc cese against them. The river is much farther from the base of the ciiffs than it is from the slopes on the Rus. sian right, where the British attacked, so that it would be scarcely commanded by guns on the top of the pla teau, whereas we were under fire for several hundred yards before we reached the Alma at all. A bugs in mad, composed of 15 ()rid gigantic graves, at the distance of 400 or 500 yards from the river on its north side, denotes the resting.place of those who fell be fore the army crossed the stream, or who died after the fight in' the ambulances. The road by which we ladvanced to the bridge is just as it was on the 20th of ISeptember, and on the right close to the stream are the blackened ruins of the village of aiurlionk. It will be rememberAl that the erie:ny partially destroyed the bridge, but that it was repaired during the action by Captain Montagu, Rival Engineers, and a party of Sappers and Miners. The bridge' bas been substantially rebuilt by means of a strong wo3den way thrown across the stone arches, and supported by beams and uprights. The old post-house on the right of the road before you come to the bridge is abput being reconstructed, and * guard of soldiers were lodged in its ruins. It will be, to all appeaTances, a handsome house of fine white free stone when it is fini,lied. I surveyed its ruins with peculiar interest, f I know a person very intimately who took shelter in this house, part of which was on fire, ro get out of a fire still hotter, till he was driven out by a Abell falling throu . .fh the roof, and it was at the w.,11 outside, whicu is yet torn by shot, that I met the first two w‘oinded dfietrs I saw that day—two officers of the 30 h, one hit thrt.ugh the chest or side ; the other wounile,l, I think, in the leg or arm. They were helping e.,ch other from the river, bleeding at.d weak, and I was fortunate enough to be able to bring to their aid a staff surgeon, belonging, I believe to the Cavalry Division, who kindly examined their wounds under fire. Close to his I had previou,ly seen the first man killed-,-a drum mer, who v.ps'clrr y ir.g round shot which bowle;i s l owly along ,a litter, and wh o was s t ruc k b y a the road and hit line, with a peculiar quashing sound; on the hip. fie fell Iroken in two, and never moved ; nor did his corn ! who ove wai carryirg the other end of the litter, stop t int..urn r his I:loath.. After the intrepid rash of the Js hf~ Division up the bill, its.wavering, its slow , and and the• maieh o f . t h e broken awl unwilling halt, the hold -advance of Fenne -1 was h app y aga i n i n b e i ng able to warn Colonel Canards,Brigatie, \\Toddy, as he approached at the head of the 50th, that he was movirg right along the line of.fi re of the enemy's guns, and, as there was a very e anc i u . sive proof given of the correctness of the statement just as I spik e , t h a t gallant officer moved off his men, who Were in dense coluwn a little to the left, and got ofr _ the road to the field, whquce he rapidly advanced towards the heights. All these things and many more came back ursn ma as 1 - leolted around. mall Oat nerrov t ft • THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDA Y EVENINri, AUGUST 2, 1856 recd filled with dead - and dyirlg—poor young Burgoyne going past on his litter, crying out cheerily, "It's all right —it's only my foot;" "Billy Fi:z;erald" shot through b <th legs lying up against the wall, and chatting any as if he bad just sat down after a quadrille ; a whiteihaired field officer (of the 55th), whose name I don't know; badly wounded through the body, who could only moan laitterly "Oh my poor men ! oh my poor men ! they 1141ti't a chance ;" then the river stained here and there with blood still flowing from the dead and dying who lay 6n the shallows and the banks, lined nevertheless by huiidreds, who drank its w a t ers ea g e rly ; th e h orr id proces on of the dripping litters going to the rear of the fight ; the solid mama of Adams' brigade, . halted by Lord Raglan's orders, as it emerged from the smoke of tour honk ; the Staff itself and the Commander•in-Chief, gathered on the rising ground close by ; that ghastly battle-field where so many lay in so small a spade pu trescent with heat and wounds, the grey blocks o( Rus sians melting away like :clouds, and drifted off lay the fierce breath of battle ; the shriek and rush of theisbells from the brims howitzers in the battery, the patter ' of the frantic rifle, the rattling roll of th e mus k e t ry , the fr.an tic cheers of our men as they stood victors on the heights, drowning the_groans and cries which for a moment sue- ceeded the roar of battle ; the shrill 11.mrish o (. 1 the French bugles, and the kiyous clamour of their rums from the other side of the ravine,—all came back upon the ear azain, and the eye renewed its p!easure ias it gazed from the ridge upon the Wain where it had liefora ~een the Russians flying in disorder, with their rear still covered by the threatening squalrons of their cavalry. Then one recalled the spot where one had seen some friend lying dead, or some one—friend foe—whom it were no mercy to strive to keep alive Watkin Wynn, stretched on the ground in front of t ' trench, with a smile on his face—Colonel Cbester,l wi a scornful frown, and his sword clenched in the leaf grasp—Monck, with the anger of battle fixed on pvei feature—the3e and many another friend in the pe4cef camp of Aladyn or Devno rose up as they lived i 6 ti memory. The scowling Russians who glared so fikrce on their conquerors and seemed to hate them even hey supplied their want ! , th en seen f or t h e f i rst left an impression respecting the type of the Muscovi__ character which has scarcely been effaced now that they Isave ceased to be " messieurs nos amia rennemi." ;I re called the two days passed as no army ought to pass vo days—on the field of battle, amid the dead.--the hors id labours of those hours of /despondency and Frief, where alt should have been triumph and rejoicing,; and the awakened vigour with which the army broke from its bivouac on the Alma and set out with no certain aim, no fixed project, on its chance march which fate has made so successful and so prosperous. ful ,he Toe intrenchinent can be distinctly seen for a mile north of the river. It is placed halfway down the slope cf the little hillside. There were no other works, trenches, redoubts, or fieldwolks of any description, and all the accounts of such defences filled with riflemen and guns which have been made public were erroneous. The enemy had very few riflemen, and the ground, except on the extreme left, was of such a nature that good cover for guns could be had for the seeking. For many years to come the battle-field is likely to remain as it is now, the only difference being that the vines which flourished on the 20th of September, 1854, may be'cul. tivated once more. On ascending from the river towards the intrenchments, you find yourself on the left com pletely covered by a rise of the bill in front from the parapet, so that men could form in this hollow for the attack without being exposed to fire ; but the Russians aware of this, sent down on their extreme right large bodies of infantry, who fired at the loft brigade of the Light Infantry as they were trying to get into b)rder after crossing the river. Oa the right, nearer to the bridge, the ground is more exposed to guns from the parapet of thalrenah, and on advancing a few yards the fair open glacis, gently sloping upwards to their muzzles, gives a terrible solution of the reason why for a time the Light Division was held in check, and lost in few moments upwards of 1,000 men. At the base of this glacie, and scattered along the ridge towards the river, are mounts of earth about 30 feet long by 15 in breadth, which are covered with large stones and sla.)s of slate. There are 15 or 16 of these mounds, and many of them contain the remains of friends and foes. Some small black wooden crosses are placed here and there among these mounds, which rise to the height of two or three feet above the level of the plain, and are all covered with rank vegetation and wig I flowers. The par tp st of the work is still about three feet outside, and a foot deeper in the trench inside. Near the centre is placed a handsome monument of white stone, with the follo wing inscription : " During the attack on these heights, 20th September, 1851, her Britannic Majesty's 231 R. iyal Welsh Fu)iliera lost their commanding officer, Lieutenant CJlonel 11. Chester, Captains A. W. Wynn, F. Evans, J. C )nolly, Lieutenants P. Radcliffe, Sir W. Young, Bart., .T. Ae ,triither, and J. Butler, all killed on the fiild ; also Lieutenant Applettiwaite, mortal!) , wounded, who died Sept. 22, 1854. Tins stone is erected to their memory." On the other side, " The regiment xlso lost Serjeant. J. H. Jones, Colou:• ierj , mnti It. Hitchcock, J. F. F 'wards, 1 drummer, and 40 privateo, killed on the field." ' In the ditch of the field work there are about 20 large graves covered with long grass and wild flowers. The trench is about 150 yards long, and it is filled with earth which has tumbled down into it from the parapet ; the traces of the embrasures still remain. There are two , t me crosses erected inside the trench on heaps of deal. This is all that remains to betoken the scene- of the ac tion on our side, except a few pieces of threadbare rags and bits of accoutrements, leather straps, old shakos, and fragments of cowhide knapsacks. And so I take leave of the Alma, which henceforth shall be celebrated in history to the and of time. DR. SCORESBY ON IRON SHIPS, THE AUXILIA IzY SCREW, AND A USTRA LIAN CO 11111UiVICATION. TO THE BDITOR OP THE MELBOURNE ARGUS. Sir,—lt may not be uninteresting or unuseful, per haps, notwithstanding what bas already appeared in the public papers of the rapid and extraordinary passage of the It iyal Charter, that your readers and the colonists generally should learn something respecting the performance and capabilities of this splendid ship from an observer on board, in no way connected with commercial adventure, or otherwise, than fir an impor tint scientific purpose (deeply connected, indeed, with the action of the compa-s in our ships), with the Liver pool Company, of whose enterprise and views the Royal Charter comes as an exposition and type. The local papers of Melbourne have well anticipated mush of what I might say, oa the experimental evidence thus Cr obtained of the correctness of their views in respect to the auxiliary steam appliance for the rapid accomplishment of an uninterrupted progress to pretty nearly our relative arr ipodee. Three systems of nautical appiancee for progress and speed were obviously in question with a view to rapid and remunerating in tercommunication with these remota colonies. F rat, Speed in sailing, by the adoption of a clipper class of ships of large tonnage and great capabilities in masts, rigging, and sails. Secondly, Steam-ships of full pro pelling powers. Thirdly, The combination of a Finial or moderate screw steam power with the beet appliances in ship model and sails fur speed and sailing, and rapt bilitiee of carrying canvas- The first of these plane his been admirably tested and carried out by the dif ferent lines of splendid sailing-ships trading bet mean England and Australia ; but their various delays, by calms and light variable winds, necessarily leave more to be accomplished. The _next plan, of full steamers, from the - abridgment of the room for stowage, by the requirements for coals, together with the .o .8 of time and cost for c taling by the way, could scarcely prove remunerating, nor in the route lute I ful to be adopted for casing has it succeeded in gaining any adequate• advantage in the length of the voyage. The third plan, as alopte 1, and so tar success fully tested, in the first passage of the Royal Charter now stands out conspicuously as the plan—the practicable, and, I doubt net, fairly remunerating plan —for the con veyance of passengers, mails, and valuable, or mo fe ra.tely valuable, freight aed propeety. For not only is the nomit.al power of the engine of this ship small, and its requirements fur speed, &c., moderate, hut the eon eumption of coal is, comparatively, so trifling, that 13 or 14 tons rare generally sefEeient for a day's steaming, whilst the while consumption for the recent pas age has scarcely exceeded 200 tons ! Yt t this po ever of steam is capable of giving a speed of from 7 o 8 knots, or if a e ship bad been lighter, 9 knots, and actually carried us through, the reiderade winds, halt of cants —where off in weeks are spent in-helpless delays—in about 3 days. lii cried' or in making the best of a Rued breeze un d-r etay•sane, or advancing head to wind in calms, and, if required in proceedingin und:out of port, the auxiliary eteain is found to do admirable service. And now the priaciple is. established no doubt this auxiiiary steam ap pliance will be made still more effective, Tu e performance of the R eyal Charter in her progress to this put affords, as to certain notable particulars, some striking facts in maritime history. • In 25 days from Plymouth we had passed through the tropics and traie winds, with their bean of variables and calms, and reached the la.t. of 25 deg. S.. In 40 days we had made a distance (notwithstanding unu.mal light and short trade winds) of about 8,000 miles, or 200 miles a day. In 50. days out, we had mads good,. in the usual and best track of Progress, adistance of up wards of 11,000 miles, or more than half the circumfer• once of the glebe ; in 12 consecutive days, in one part of our voyage, the Royal Charter made 3,522 miles of dis tance by log, or. 202 miles a day ; or, taking .strictly the extent of. longitude accomplished within the time, the di s t ance iu geographical miles cornea out at 3,439,. or 2 8 6 - miles a day. • On four or five, eeefesionsi: fie - e. altered our time half an hour from coca t o ,uoo4—iu other weeds, ,brought the !go I 1,1 y: • .:.i)l2o.aa tt . on the meridian in 23i hours. On six different days we made by sailing 300 miles and upwards a day, averaging 13 1 fi knots, the greatest run in one day being 346 miles, or, in 24 hours, 353 reiler t being at the average speed of 14 2.3 knots. Yet in the-e adinir able performances, it should be observed, the full capa bilities of the Royal Charter were by no means brought out, the ship being at least two feet deep, for the due development of her sailing qualities. Moderately loaded, as I expect she mill be fur the return passage, and a ith some alteration subsequently, for the more complete raising up of the screw when not in use, so as not to prove a retarding drag by 'dipping into the surface of the water in heavy seas, my conviction is that the Royal Charter may sail at least a knot faster, and might as well accomplish a distance of 380 or 390 miles, under like circumstances, as she has already made good 358 miles in a 24 hours' run. The " behaviour" of the Royal Charter as a "sea boat" indicates a model in naval architecture, I think, as nearly as possible, perfect. Not having before, indeed, sailed in a ship of this peculiar and elegant build and magnitude, which, as a class, is now employed in traversing all the great oceans of the globe, end giving through the enterprise of our shipowners, and the improved skill in our naval engineers and ship. builders in Great Britain and America, a totally new character to commercial navigation, .1 should naturally be more deeply impressed with the magnificent qualities of the Royal Charter individually as a ship than had I been familiar with the performance in bad weather, by personal exuerience, of many of the splendid models in naval architecture which I have seen at Livio pool, Glas gow, and elsewhere. Sill I shall be safe, I doubt not, in asserting that, whatever may b e the s uperiority of action and behaviour of our larger clipper ships gene rally, in all the properties which characterise the most, perfect sea-boats, the performance and behaviour of the B. lel Charter in the severest testing of these qualities, was magnificent. Her buoyancy, liveli ness, ease of motion in the most cross and tremen- dons seas, and in the vssess on of that extraordi he nary quality of all but intelligent efforts and yielding., ; th like an endowment of instinct, for the avoidance of the highest waves .50....thelofty_breaking peaks of cros,ing seas, were as astonish'al as they were admirable. Su was her behaviour in sou lding, not only before heavy gales generally, but in the hard trial of scudding before a cyclone, for some hours of hurricane fury (which we eialountered on the 6th of April, in latitude 47 deg. S., longitude 90 deg. to 94 d•-g E.), when it was intens.dy interesting to look abroad and mark her action under seas, as measured by myself two or three hours after the fiercest of the hurricane was over, of the prevailing height of 30 feet, with numerous higher waves of broad extensive 'solid water crests or summits of 40 to 42 feet or more, with knots and broken crests, from the crossings of westerly and southerly seas, some yards higher. It would hardly be doing justice to my own feelings and observation if I were here to neglect to re fer to the able and seaman-like manner, combining judi cious ptudence with effective perseverance ald laborious watchfulness, with which Captain Bayce performed the navigator's part under the severe testing of a new and untried ship. In ordinary gales, it may be mentioned, in the way of illustration, when we were running befcr: 4e wind tnder a large spread of canvas, and, as hap pened on the let of April, with waves of forty feet and upwards, the ship was so lively, steady, and dry, that most of the ladies participated in the pleasant promenade of the poop-deck, and to astonished admiration of the ship's avoidance of the fearfully threatening waves. On this oc casion Mrs. Scoresby accompanied me forward along the gangways and deck-house to the forecastle (a splendid platform of the area of at least 190 square yards), and for some time viewed from there the magnificent sight of the ships' progress, as often, for some minutes together, she was so quiet, that neither the lofty wav e s nor h er considerable speed seemed to affest her —without dis comfort or the encountering of a fling spray—the whole space we traversed, of above 300 feet in length, being then perfectly dry. In other case', indeed, when blow ing very hard and with still more cross and tremendous seas, knots of seas came occasionally over the deck, in every part of it, but their avoidance in any ship was im possible. In conclusion, I may adJ, as a subject of some interest in science, and of, I trust, no small practical consequence in commerce, and in the passages betwixt the antipo des of the globe, that all my theoretic views previously published in respect to the nature of iron ships' wag seism and its changes, with the practical plan for safe and accurate compass guidance, the adoption of which I have for a long time been urging on the builders and owners of iron ships, have received distinct and beau tiful verifications of the experiments thus far made on board of . the Royal Charter. As to the first point, the matter of interest in science, it may not be unfitting to say that, exactly as I had predicted in "Illustrations of the Megretisin of Iron Ships," printed just before leaving England, and notified also in " Magnetical Investigations," published in 1852, 6%, I have found the changes in the general :nagnet- Use], as tried externally, of the Royal Charter. The upper wet ke of ships built in England and other north ern cue tries have, consistently wiih theory, southern polerity, attracting the north pole of the compass, as also the upper parts of bulkheads, iron stmidards, cranes, or davits, capstans, &c, ; and the lower parts of the ships and such bulkhead,i, standards, he., northern; but her-, as I had announcer( my expectation, the polarities are reversed. The top plating of the ship, fr m -tern te roe rn, has changed to northern poleri y, attracting the south pole of the compass, in which change the uppr r parts of iren standards, cranes, capstans, he., about the decks and bulwarks ter si teetly participate. That the lower parts of the ship's hull in its external at. tractions barrels. chaeged may be confidently inferred from tgrietic print p'es. And so far experitue gaily as I have a ready asc , rtaiesd, the fact ie brautituliy indicated by the diminutten of the northerly attractive force, on de sctn ling outside towards the fl rating level, uniil (in accordance also with the iry and prediction), a position is found, some 16 to 18 feet downward, where the slip ceases to p-o lug, an, aotioa wha.ever on the compass needle, and be oe! which the contrary or northern pole of the needle begins obviously to be attracted towarJs Atte ship's side. As to the second point, so important in its practical bear ng on commerce and navigation, it may be seated that during our pas , age to Australia, such was the effectiveness of the arrangement I had suggested. as very well put into operation in a compass raised about forty-two ,feet high on . the. miz Tast e , that we never bad any perplexity ordifficulty, if any of ,the compasses were steady, in knowing the - course we were actually steering. Nothing more,• therefore, is necessary, I am perfectly convinced, for correct or safe compass guidance in iron ship than a compass for reference duly elevated and properly arranged on a wooden mast. And such compass, as the experience of our recent passage and a great deal of heavy weather for the latter fernieht has demonstrated, can, by the simple method which I adopted on the voyage, be satisfactorily consulted and compared in the hardest gales—that is, whenever the compasses on deck are tolerably steady for being steered by. Wat. SCORESBY. Royal Charter, Hobscn's Bay, 20th A prii, 1856. The learned doctor on subsequently being entertained at the Philosophical Institute of Bavaria, of which he was male an honorary member, added on this subject :—He should thus feel that he was an humble connecting link With many others between the science of the old coun. try and that of the antipodes. It was doubly interest ing to him to mark in the present assembly the same feelings and sentiments as were manifested by erni'ar so cieties at home. He felt in reference to the importance of an institution of this kind that whilst the enterprise and commerce of a country might raise it into a high po sition in the wealth of nations, yet it was the cultivation tlif yet higher things which raised a nation, and made its greatness in future history. Next to religion there was in science a consecrating influer:ce which raised a man beyond sordid considerations to a better contemplation and intelligence of the Creator's works in the creation —which placed him ab )ve selfishness, and into an at mosphere at once more pure and intelligent. It bad always been interesting to him to watch institutions like this in their efforts for the promotion of science and literature. He might be permitted to say, in re ference to even the humblest pursuits of science, that although they might lead to new, or previously known re-ults which might seem to many to be of no profit, yet no man could tell or predict the importance of even that which might seem to be only a scientific cu• rioeity. It was • a great satisfaction in making scien tific researches even of the slightest nature, that they knew not to what results they might attain. Let them lo:k at the effect of the discovery that a wire placed between these of the two poles of a ba' tau became magnetic—thought at Vier - tithe to be a mere scientific curiosity. What was the result? 'They had their messages now conveyed by the electric telegraph with a speed in ferior only to that of light. Even n ow they did not know what progress might be made in the invention, nor could they say that the old country might net within a few years be united to Australia by the telegraph. This was within the range of demonstration as one of the probabilities of science, and was °ivy a question of means and expense. When he saw the costly edifices springing up in this new city be could not but feel that the means were not wanting, and that it would be nothing surprising to see a telegraph between "E•ie. land and Australia in a few years. lt was a project of no greater difficulty than that which had been &ready accomplished in laying down the telegraph in the Black Sea. It was contemplated to dist'ibute the electric currents over the Atlantic between England and America. He would not pass any opinion as to the practicability of that project, but be could say that as regarded Australia it was quite practicable. It a l so he might b e perm itt e d to speak of himself as an humble experimenter, he would state that it was in 1828 that be first discovered the phenomenon that magnetism was developed in iron by percussion and mechanical action. He published his experi ments in the Philosophical Transactions in 1834—but what was thought of the discovery beyond that it was a scientific curiosity ? When, however, it be came the fashion and interest of England that ships should be built of iron, and these ships were found to be intensely magnetic beyond the ordinary inductive influences of masses of iron, a question arose— how was the effect on the compass to be remedied ? He contended that this magnetism arose from the hammering and other mechanical actions impressed on the plates in the course of their construction, and he was right. He applied to these ships the same laws which he found to prevail in magnetised iron in his experiments of 1820, and be ventured to anticipate what had since occurred. He alluded to this not in vanity, but ail an encourag4ment to • men of science to proceed in their investigations, for they could never tel! the. import. ance of the results they might attain. His investiga tions, however, •had gone further. When be had deter mined the fact that an iron ship was a magnet with its power enormously_ developed .by percussive and me chanical action, it seemed natural that according to the inset utahle laws of nature they ehousiel b enabled to reguiate its poles as in a bar 'Of magnetised iron. As suming these laws to be identical, he had ventured to prAict that a vessel coming _ii4o--these -regions would 1,,,v0 her magnetic condition inverted, for the magnetism of the southern polar ty was 'downward. Most •f the scientific men in England were agano , t this view, burg he had tried this experiment in the Royal Charter, and had found that her magnetism was so affected by the magnetic - attraction of Australia. It might be deemed that the discovery was one of abqract science ; but it was one deeply affecting their interests, and the Ik - es and properties of men who ventured on the wide ocean. Their commerce was rap!diy going into iron ships, and wooden ships were becoming more scarce, and the question of their magnetic condition as affecting the compasses on board of them was of deep import ance. How were these enormous fabrics, endowed with an intense degree of magnetism, to he controlled in this influence ? It was to determine that point that he had come out here, and he had, he hoped, determined a mode in which an iron ship might be guided as safely and as securely as shipping of any other material. There was no practical difficulty in so arranging com passes on iron ships that they conld be navigated with safety and certainty. This was an important bet, and the inferences on which he had arrived at it were con teiAtent with all his previous theoretic deductions. His simple contrivance was to have the compass in iron ships elevated beyond the magnetic influence of the irm, and during the whole voyage of the Royal Char ter there was no embarrassment whatever with regard to her compasses arranged on this plan. From the London Gazette of Last Night. CROWN-OFFICE, AUG. 23. MESITEIt RETURNED TO SERVE IN THE PRESENT PARLIANENT. Town of Nottingham—Charles Paget, of Ruddington Grange, in the county of Nottingham, Esq., in the room of the Right lion. E I ward Strutt, who has accepted the office of Steward of her Majesty's Manor of Hempholme, the county of York. WAR DEPARTMENT, AUG. 1. Bth Light Dragoons—Lieut. Edward Phillips to be Cap tain, without purchase, vice the Hon. S. J. G Calthorpe, whose Brevet R•►nk has been converted into Substantive Rank under the Royal Warraet of 6th Oct. 1854 ; Cornet and Adjutant Robert Harding to have the rank of Lieu tenant; :ornet Henry Harrison to be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Phillips ; Cot net James Baker has been per mitted to retire from the service by the sale of his commis sion. 10th Light Dragoons—Lieut. Randal Wilmer Hatfield Ills been permitted to retire from the sorvice by the sale of his commission. 12th Light Dragoons—Captain Thomas G. Alexander Oakes to be Major, by purchase, vice Munro, who retires; Lieutenant Valentine Bbker to be C a pt a i n , by purchase, vice Oakes ; Cornet George Francis Morant to be Lieute nant, by purchase, vice Baker. Bth Regin:lent of Foot—Ensign Forster Long6eld to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Litherm), who retires ; Alfred Downie Corfield, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Longfield. . _ 15th Foot--Assistant-Surgeon John Denia Healey, from the Staff, to be Assistant-Surgeon, vice Wishart, promoted on the Staff. 20th Foot—Lieutenant Harry Wormald Mason has been Permitted to retire from the service by the sale of his Commission. 2lth Foot—Lieutenant Edmund Prideaux Chichester, from the 21st Foot, to be Lieutenant, vice White, ap pointed Paymaster. 32.1 Foot—Ensign Henry Sparke Stahl) to ba Lieuten ant, by purchase, vice Primrose, who retires; William Humphrey Studdy, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice S tabb. 46th Foot—Captain William Shepherd Milner, from the 69th Foot, to be Captain, vice the Hon. William Henry Herbert, who exchanges ; Lieutenant James Cross has been permitted to retire from the service by the sale of his Commission. 52d Foot—Ensign Reginald G. Wilberforce, from the 9th Foot, to be Ensign, without purchase, vice Burroughs, promoted. 67th Foot —Ensign Albert. Stanley Welland to be Lieu tenant, by purchase, vice D'Arcy, promoted. 69th Font—Captain the Hon. William Henry Herbert, from the 46th Foot, to be Captain, vice Milner, who ex changes. 821 Foot—Ensign James Baker Robertson has been superseded, be being absent without leave. 83d Foot—Lieutenant George Gant Beazley, from the 3,1 West India Regiment, to be Lieutenant, vice Nunn, appointed to the '26th Foot. Mt!' Foot —Lieutenant John E van 3 to be Adjutant, vice Little, promoted. ~ 2 dF; o ot —Lientenant Rob'rb Macpherson has been pe s t.- naitted to retire from the service by the sale of his Com mission. 95th Foot—Lieutenant G. 11. Langford Brooke to he Captain, without purchase, vice Henley, retired from full Pay._ 2d West India Regiment Ensign Edward D. Lye to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Carter, who has retired ; Henry John Barker, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice King, promoted. 3d West India Regiment—Lieut. Charles Nayler, from the half-pay of the 63.1 Foot, to be Lieutenant, vice Beaz ley, appointed to the 83d Foot; Ensign Spencer Cobbold Page to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Nayler, who re tires ; Charles Frederick Lloyd, Gent'., to be Ensign, by purehas':., vice Green, promoted in the Ist West India Regiment. Ceylon Rifle Regiment—Ensign Frederick Blair Staples to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Rutherford, promoted. HOSPITAL STAFF. To be Assistant-Surgeons to the Forces—Assistant-Sur geons Angus John Mackay, superunmerary in the let Foot ; Albert Hawkins, supernumerary in the 4th Foot ; Wil liam Henry Price, supernunierary in the 14th Foot ; Sa muel Joseph Baytield, supernumerary in the 19th Foot; Richard Wolseley, supernumerary in the 20th Foot; James Caster Smith, supernumerary in the 21st Foot ; John Ver non Sherldall, M.D., supernumerary in the 33,1 Foot ; Wil iiam Younge Jeeves. supernumerary in the 3 <th Foot : ' .James P. Street, M.D , supernumerary in the 39th Foot A. D. Gull:m.l, supernumerary in the 41st Foot ; Alfred Hooper, supernumerary in the 42 1 Foot; J. Johnson, su pernumerary in the 44th Foot ; J. J. Adrian, supernu merary in the 49th Foot ; W. Bradmhaw, supernumerary in the 53th Foot; S. S. Skipton, M.D., supernumerary in the 56th Foot ; H. L. Randell, supernumerary in the 62 1 Foot ; Peter Joseph Hoey, supernumerary in the 631 Font; W. T. Pal ologus, supernumerary in the 77th Foot ; Richard William Meade, supernumerary in the 88th Foot ; Charles Robert NAson. supernumerary in the 90th Foot ; Henry William Pollard, supernumerary in the 93,1 Foot; George Money Swinhoe, supernumerary in the 95th Foot ; Allen Bryson, M.D., supernumerary in the 97th Foot ; George Henry Finlay, supernumerary in the let Battalion of the Rifle Brigade; Francis Stephen Bennet Francois de Chanmont, M.D., supernumerary in the 3d Battalion of the Rifle Brigade; Acting Assistant-Surgeon Henry Jere miah Mayhew has been permitted to resign his Commis sion. The undermentioned Acting Assistant-Surgeons have ceased to do duty, there being no longer occasion for their services:— William Collis, Francis Reynolds, William Can• niffe, and James Cruice. UNATTACHED.--Lieutenant George Barrington Price, from the 11th Light Dragoons, to be Captain, by purchase, vice Brevet-Major Horatio Fenwick, who retires. BREVET—Colonel John Mitchell to have the local rank of .Majnr-General at the Cape of Good Hope; Lieutenant aines Shaw Gibb, of the Bengal Artillery, to have the rank of Lieutenant in the Army, while employed at the East India Company's Recruiting Depot at Walley. COMMISSIONS SIGNED BY LORDS-LIEUTENANT. Ayrshire Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry—Lieut. J o h n beHamilton to Captain, vice Boyle, resigned; Cornet ,Tohn Spier to be Lieutenant, vice Hamilton, promoted ; Claude Alexander, Gent., to be Cornet, vice Cathcart, resigned ; John Crichton, Gent., to be Cornet, vice Sir James Fergusson, promoted. (The following appointment h substituted for that ( which apoeared in the Gazette of the 11th June.) Kent Militia Regiment of Artillery—Second Lieutenant Chas. Beauclerk to be Lieutenant, vice Waring, promoted. BANKRUPTCIES ANNULLED. Daniel Davies, provision dealer, Cardiff. William Norfolk, tanner, Dunkeswick, Yorkshire. BANKRUPTS. Joseph Eyke and Richard Whiffen, carmen, George-yard, Milton-street, to surrender, Aug. 12, at half-past two, and Sept. 17, at half-past eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Graham, official assignee; Bayliss, Rod Cross-street ; Hensinan, College-hill. William Button, builder, Erith, Aug. 12, at eleven, and Sept. 17, at h a lf-p as t t we l ve , a t th e C ourt of Bank ruptcy. Stansfeld, official assignee ; Maddox and Wyatt, Ciernent's-lane, City. James Gathercole, envelope manufacturer, Eltham, Kent, August 12, at two, and Sept. 10, at half-past one, al, the Court of Bankruntcy. Stansfeld, official assignee ; Maddox and Wyatt, Clernene4-lane, City. Thomas Sternberg, wine merchant, Northampton, Aug. 8, at one, and Sept. 12, at half-past one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Whitmore, official assignee, Basinghall street ; Braham, Furnival's-inn. - Frederick Wm. Mss, veterinary surgeon, Vauxhall walk, Aug. 7, at one, and. Sept.' 12, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Cannan, official assignee, Aldermanbury ; Swale, Lawrence-lane, Cheapside. Jonathan Bircurnshaw, lace manufacturer, New Lenton, Aug. 12, and Sept. 2, at half-past ten, at the Birmingham District Court. Harris, official assignee, Nottingham ; Wells, Notting'nam. Benj. Brown, grocer, Bruton, S'amersatshire, Ang. 11 and Sept. 8, at eleven, at the Bristol-District Court. Acra man, official assignee, Bristol ; Balch, Bruton, Somerset shire ; Bridges, Bristol. Henry Peard Reed and Richard Ivens, ship brokers, Biistol, Aug. 12, and Sept. 9, •at eleven, at the Bristol District Count. Miller, official assignee, Bristol; Brittan and Son, Bristol. Duncan Hair, seedsman and florist, Saint Martin's-lane, Aug. 14 and Sept. 12, at one, at the'Court of Bankruptcy. Whitmore, official assignee, .13asing.hall-street; Lawrence, Flews, and Boyer, Old Jewry-chambers, City. Henry Jonas Smith and Benjamin Crane, dealers, Mil ton-street, City, A ugus t 15 , a t h a lf pas t t we l ve, ant Sep tember 12, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Can nan, official assignee, Aldermanbury ; Smith, Tokenhouse yard. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED. J. and J. Fatt, Eddington, Wiltshire, Blacksmith—H. T. W. Ellis and M. G. B. Harbord, Blue Anchor-road, Ro thorhithe, brick manufacturers—J. Green, E. Pepper, anti G. Mills, Shelton, rape manufacturers—W. Butches and T. Hodgkinson, Heywood and Manchester, cotton spinners —J. Coleman an :1 J. Williams, Coleford, Glou c9ter, grocers—V. and ,T. Challoner, Liverpool, ship builders and blacksmiths—W. and D. Smith, Hambledon brrace West, New Cross, 'coal and corn dealers—A. Wil mot and R. H. Singlehuret, Derby, makers of elastic ho siery for surgical purposes—W. P. and A. Chilcott, Bris tol, silversmiths and pawnhrekers—W. May and H. and A. Stoessiger----W. and J. Redfern, Warwick, plasterers J, Millington and H. Baker, Nottingham, lace manufae t urers-44. Milner and T. Cowdery, Paternoster-row, whole sale chemists and druggists—J. Fitzmaurice and W. War r burst, Manchester, medical fitters—N. Hermann and J. M. Frost, Great St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, scampers in g .1d and s il ver on _textile fabrics—G. B. Goodman and W. M. Lightfoot,' Little York-place, St. Marylebone, manufacturers or certain patent apparatus for holding letters and musio sheet-3. - Conyers, jun., and J. Caw thorn, Leeds,, oUrriers—G.Rogers, S. Cox, W. Score, and G. Oolthurst, Briitol, alkali and chemical manufacturers —R Saul and T.' Kirby, ProciOn, joiners *. ibuilders Sta ford, W. Standing, and J. Duckworth, Over Dar wen, paper stainer—R. Addenbroo) and W. J. Edwards, Bir mingham, gun urannfacturers-LA Flexon and G. High Wycombe,. priutere, etttioners, bookbinders , and • • • booksellers —J. Burnnan and E. Parry, Afonwen, Flint shiro, paper manufacturers—J. lltan and W. Arthur, Blackburn. curritrs—J. Wright and J. Salisbury, Bur ton-upon-Trent, ironfounders—J. B. Harkness and P. Charlton, Bolton-le-Moors, tailors—W. T. 6. and T. W. S. Oakes, and A. S. Partridge, Austin-friars and Madras, merchants. DECLARATIONS OF DIVIDENDS. J. Paterson, Manchester, tailor—first div., on new proofs, of 53 7(1. in the pound, Tues'lay, Aug. 5, or any Tuesday after Oct. 4, at the office of Mr. Putt, Manchester. R. Darlington, Wigan, money scrivener and coal dealer —first div. of is. 41. in the pound, Tuesday, Aug. 5, or any Tuesday after Oct. 4, at the office of Mr. Putt, Man chester. R. E. Bibby, Manchester. limo merchant—first div. of 1.. 5-9 d in the pound, Tuesday, Aug. 5, or any Tuesday after Oct. 4, at the office of Mr. Putt, Manchester. T. Hall, Oldham, steam sawyer, bobbin manufacturer, and planer—first and final div. of 21d. in the pound, Tuesday, Aug. 5, or any Tuesday after Oct 4, at the office of Mr. Putt, Manchester. J. Phillips aed W. H and S. Hague, Manchester, cot ton spinners —second div. ' 9 15461. in the pound, Tuesday, Aug. 5, or any Tuesday after Oct. 4, at the office of Mr. Par, :►lanchester. S. Moses and N. S Lotinga, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and North Shields, merchants„ ship and insurance brokers— second and final dividend of 15.16 d. in the pound, any day before August 8, or any Saturday after Oct. 4, at the offioa of Mr. Baker. Newcastle-upon-Tyne. S. Ruse, Honiton, draper—first div. of 4s. 21d. in the pound, auy Tuesday or Friday, at the office of Mr. Hirtzel, Ex,:ter. R. W. Rose, Honiton, draper—tirst div. of DA. in the pound, any Tuesday or Friday, at the office of Mr. Hirtzel, Exeter. F. M`Kinnell, Liverpool and Huyton, water proofer— cliv. of 203. in the pound, Wednes iay, Aug. 7, or any Wednesday after Oct. 4, at the office of Mr. Turner, Li verpool. hi`Kinnell and Smith, Liverpool and Huyton, water proofers first thy. of 34. in the pound, Wednesday, Aug. 7, or any Wednesday after Oct. 4, at the office of Mr. Turner, Liverpool DIVIDEND TO BE DECLARED. Aug. 25. J. Shannon, Liverpool, linen draper. CERTIFICATES TO BE GRANTED. _ . Aug. 22. E. Fisher, Ali idlasex place , Hackner-road, oil and colourtnan —Aug. 22. H. P. Barlow, late of LaN rence Pountney lane and Cannon-street %Vest, wine and spirit merchant. CERTIFICATES GRANTED. July 29. J. Pattison, Alpha-road, St. John's-wood, and Park-9tre.-t, Grosvenor-square, surgeon (second class) — July 25. J. Hyde, Stockport, spindle maker (second class) —July 25. J. Wade, Haddersiiell, woollen yarn manu facturer (second class)—July 24. J. Saudiford, Hinckley, clraper and mercer (second class) —July 21. J. Davies, Shrewsbury, printer and bookseller (second class.) SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS. John Cameron, papermaker, Edinburgh. J.hu Phillips , sewed muslin manufacturer, Glasgow. John Gardiner, grazier, lately at Monkton Hill, Ayr shire. BANK OF An Account pursuant to tno Act 1 the Week ending on Saturda: ',NGL A.ND. tti arid nth Victoria, cap 32, fo r the 26th day of July, 1856. ATMENT. Mini DEP . gotei Issued ........ 26,230,875 Government debt.... 11,015,10• Other securities.- 3,09,906 Gold coin and bullion 11,775,875 Silver bu11i0n........ - 426,250,875 £26,250,875 '. R. El SEY, Deputy Cashier. Dtted the 31st day of July, 18 BANKING DE Proprietors' capital .. 14,5.53,n00 Rest .... 3,351,951 Public deposi t (in cluding Exchequer, Commissioners of National 1 )elot, Say- : PARTMENT. Governmentsecuritles (Includg. Dead Weight Annuity) 13,713,464 Other securittes 13 094,424 Notes . . ........., 5,+ , 03 045 Gold and silver coin .. 612,929 ing's Banks, and Dividend Accounts) 3,844,808 ):her deposli A .. 4even Day and other 81115........ . 875,807 133,223,862 ) 133 223 J. R. ELSEY, Deputy .34 Lae.: Dated the 31st day of July, 1856. AVERAGE PRICE OF SUGAR. The Average Price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, cow - putedfrom the returns made in the week ending July 2J, I* - 73. exclusive of the Duties of Customs paid or paya ole thereon, on the importation thereof into Groat Britain. From the British Possessions in America 32s. TH. Muscovado, the produce of the Mauritius Muscovado, the produce of the East Indies Average of the three foregoing descriptions 32s. 6d Short deliberation, found the prisoner G, with a' c.)rnmeociation to mercy, which M r . Brea ch Hoed in. [he prisoner will eentencel to three years' penal ervi tarle. It wax statt-d that an attachment was lod ra on 1,6001. by tha , heriffs, and that proceedings ha . e Leen insti tuted by pal ti.es in Paris, who claim it as 1 ViOrying to them. Coacitry LIVERPOOL—AuGusT 1. Owing to the brilliant weather the grain market is dull. The millers, howevei, are so low in stock that nocessity obliges them to come forward as buyers. Holders of wheat gave way- about 4d por bushel from Tuesday, and t% fair business was transacted. Flour also 13 to 33 per sack: and barrel lower. lodian corn at late rates, and a healthy sale for clttle feed ; yellow and mixed about Os, and the best white 32s to 323 (id per 4801bs. Linseed cake 5.4 per ton dearer ; best town make 101. 15s per ton, There is . 90 change in barley, beans, oats, and shelling. • WAKEFIELD_AUGUST 1. The wheat trade has bee❑ dull, owing to the beautiful weather, and a litnittd business effected at a decline of rm from the prices of Just Friday. Lincolnshire and. Yorkshire white is quoted 74s to 71s, extra 795; red ditto 6:, 3 to 695, extra 715. There is riot much doing in other articles, and prices tending downwards. Average price of grain—Wheat, 77s 7d ; barley, 40s Od ; oats, 325 Od ; beaus, 47s 0.1; peas, s. EXETER—AuGusT 1. CORN.—In our market wheat may be quoted from NO& to 3d. Malting barley, Os Od to Os Od ; grinding do., Of Od to Os Od. Oats, 3s 6d to 3s 9d. Beans, Os Od to OL Od. Peas, 00s Od to 00s Od. FLOUR. —Fine, L4s Od to 55s Od ; seconds, 52s Od to f 3ts Od per sack. CATTLE.—Fat beef was sold at from 10s 01 to lls Od per score ; fat calves, 5d to 51d per lb ; barrenners, 6s Od to 6 4 61. per score ; cows an d calves, 21. to 171. is ; butchers calves, 6d to —d per lb., rearing calves —s to s each. Sheep, ewes and lambs, 11. 14 s t o 21. 5 s per coup l e; ewes , 6d to 61d; wethers, 6.0 to 6i.1; lambs, 01 Os each. Pigs, large size, 45s to 55s ; second size, 24s to 30s slips, 2 01 to SOs ; suckers, lOs to 14s. Rough fat, 4d per lii. Pork carcases from lOs Od to lls Od per score. BRISTOL SUGAR—AUGUST 1. The market continue , ' quiet, and still no disposition on the part of the refiners to increase their stocks of raW sugars at present pricas. Refiners' produce is dull of sale, although offered on very moderate terms. Rum wanted. slid rather dearer. GOAL MARKS Ittooe of Coal per ton at s. d. Taufield Moor l4 0 Howard's West Hartley Netherton 17 ( Tantield Moor Butes 14 0 Bate's West Hartley 16 0 Brown's Moor High Main l5 0 West Riding Hartley l5 V Victoria Hartley l5 V Stanley Main l7 Holywell l7 6 Itedheugli Main 14 0 , Hetton West Hartley l5 I T.—AtrdUST 1. the close of the market. Walleend, Sze. S. . 'Tetton lB 6 Riddell l6 3 erainwellgate l7 0 Hetton 17 6 south Hetton 18 6 fough Hall 17 0 Tees lB 6 Caradoc 17 6 Cassop l7 I Hartlepool lB 0 south Kelloe 17 6 Evenwood 16 0 laswell 18 6 16 0 Wharneliffe _l6 Wallsend, Heaton .. South Hartlepool l7 C Hilda 15 9 Kelloe 17 t; Eden .17 0 Whitworth l6 6 Lyon's Stone Coal 2O 0 Ships at market... 71 I Sold LOCAL SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, AUGUST 1. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The market is steady to-day. and prices are improved. The following are the closing quo* tuitions :—Blackburn, 94 Midland, 84a 4- Sheffields, 344 —worth Eftstern, Berwick, 21/—East Lancashire, 21/ South Eastern, .22.4—D,Itch Rhenish, 24 p.—Luxembourg, Great Weathru, 614--Lancashire and Yorkshire, 97/ London and Noah Western, 107/ B—Eastern Counties, 10il 4 Chester and Holyhead 176. UNIVERSITY COLLEGe, LONDON. The distribution of ,priz;s to the pupils of the junior school took place yesterday, Mr. Burwell Lewis, professor of Latin, Queen's College, Cork, presiding. In addition to the prizes awarded, the number of which was considerable, many of the boys received verbal tokens of approbation, and the following is a list of those only who obtained the highest rewards :—Greek—lot prize, Ingram Bywater; *zd prize, Benjamin Kish. Latin, prizes—lngrain Bywater, Laurie Magnus, and Alfred Roscoe. French—Benjamin Kish, lugrain Bywater, and Henri Godefroid. German— Jacob Stiebel, E. Schwabe, Nathaniel Nathan, and Ingram Bywater. Social Science —William Blagden, Jacob Stiebel, Alfred Yarrow, and Nathaniel Nathan. English, History, and Geography—English, James Gilfil lan, Philip Magnus and CAM. Harding; Geography= Charles Martin and Edward Power. Grecian History— Joseph Carpenter and Albert &demons. Pure Mathe tnaties -.I acub Stiebel, James Giltillan, and Horace Gun. dry. Applied Mathematics -Jacob Stiebel, Charles Hun t.-r, and William Blagden. Chetnistry—Wm. Carpenter, Albert Goodman, and Horatio Wetherell. Bookeoeping James Coxeter and Elward Moore. Arithmetic—Chas. Hunter. Writing—Joseph Mariner and Alfred Bates Perspective—lngram Bywater, Walter Bradbury, and Alfrel Yarrow. Drawing—Joseph Mariner. Singing— Benj. Seer and James Giltillan. Gymnastics—John Dow son, Charles Harding, Charles Holland, and Joseph Bud gett. Fencing—Chas. Holland, and David Pretto. At the close of the ceremony, the chairman (a Fellow of the Col lege) addressed some observations to the company upon the merits and advantages of the institution, and alluded espe cially to the great progress which had been made wit Lin the last few years in the encouragement bf liberal educa tion, unfettered by religious considerations. THE GI?E.IT ROBB ISRY A7' THM PAVILION _HOTEL, BRIGLITON. FOLKESTONE, FRIDAY, Aim 1. A. special sessions was held this day at the Guildhall, before the Recorder, fair the purpose of adjudicating a case which has created considerable attention in this part of the country. A young man named Auguste Heated (late manager of th e Lord Warden Hotel at Dever, and of the Pavi:ion H , tel here) was indicted f ,, r stealing bank notes and moneys to the amount of 1,6001. It formed part of 50,000/. which had been placed in the custody of Mr. Breach, the proprietor of the Pavilion ; and, on account of some doubt being entertained as to the exact owner of the moneys, the indictment was so framed as to meet the exigencies of the case. It charged the prisoner with stealing the moneys which had been entrusted to the care of his master." The prisoner, who is said to be mo,t respectably connected, and spoke no less than nine languages, pleaded not guilty. Mr. Robinson appeared to prosecute, and Mr. Ser. jeant Parry defended. The principal fact, in the case were these :—On Sun day, the 22,1 of June last, a French gentleman, :lamed De la Motte, who described himself as a merchant at Paris, art ived at the hotel, by the Boulogne steamer. He wished to have a bedroom and sitting-room, which were provided for him on the first fi)or. Soon afterwards he desired to see Mr. Breach, the proprietor, in order to placo some ineney iu his charge. Mr. Breach received from him a portfolio, and a leather bag containing notes and gold. There was about 400,000 or 500,000 francs ;n the beg, and 38 or 39 French notes of I,OOJ francs each, and 651. in English notes. On the following day Mr. Reach called the prisoner, who had had the ma nagement of the hotel fur about three weeks, and tole him he was going to Dublin, aid would be absent about a week, and he (the prisoner) would have to take charge of Mr. De la Motte's property. Mr. Breach, before leaving, unlocked the cupboard where the notes and gold were, and, taking them out in the prisoner's pre sence, locked them up in a drawer, and gave him the key. He was desired to ascertain from the gentleman whether he intencied to take it away on that day, and, if not, to take it and deposit it in the bank, Mr. Breach having an objection to its being left at the hotel. Mr. Breach left for Dublin that day, and on the following day Mr. Pe la Hotta also let . ; to transact some business at Diver, saying he would return on the Saturday. Late that night the prisoner informed the housekeeper of the hotel, that he had received a telegraphic message from Loudon requiring his immediate presence there, and he would be off by the mail train. He showed her the message. It was to this effect : "From Hamilton, London, to Mr. Ha-tier, Pavilion Hotel, Folkestone. Come up immediately, I must see you. Urgent." She tried to persuade him to stop till the next day, ou ae , count of there being no one to take the management of the hotel. He said he must go, anal left accordingly about half-past 1 o'clock for the railway station. Nu thing further was heard of him tiil ahm - , 3 o'clock the next afternoon, when Miss Pollock (the housekeeper) received a telegraphic message from the prim ner, which led her to believe he was in London. It said : "I can not come down to-night, but I will be at Folkestone by the first train to-morrow morning." Just previous to this message being delivered, M. Dc la Motto unex pected y returned to the hotel. M. De la Motte, find trig he had gone to London, expressed much appre hension for the security of his Money; and none of the aiters being able to discover the keys of the cupboard where the money was deposited, be demanded that the place should be forcibly opened, which was done. The bag and portfolio were there, but on being examined the bag was discovered to have been cut Open, and the whole of the notes were gone. The gold, however (485 Fovereigcs), and other valuable papers, remained. Suspicion at once fell on the prisoner, who was appre hended the same 'tight at Dover, on his way to the Belgian steamer for the, Continent. He was first observed by a Custom house agent, who tock him to al hotel in the vici , ity, and * Mr. Coram, the superinten dent, being sent for, he took him into custody. The Customhouse officer at first resisted Mr. Coram taking the prisoner, saying that no charge would be preferred against lia-tier, who was going back to Folkestone to make an amicable settlement. Mr. Coiain would not permit ofany such proceedings, and conveyed him to the police sta ion. The whole of the stolen notes were found on him. Evidence Was adduced which showed that the telegraphic message was sent by a female in London, the prisoner having written to her on the 'Wednesday night to telegraph to him the message he enclosed. At the station house the prieeeer admitted absconding with the m. ney. He said, "I don't know bow it was, but I could not resist the temptatfon." Mr. Sergeant Parry reads a forcible appeal on behalf of the prisoner. The Recorder then ats=mti illn tr: 2 4 the jury; II ael ‘ a • MANCHESTER, AUGUST 1. STOOE EXOHANGE.—This market was doing rather a large business to-day, and prices were firm. Leeds, ! , 8 f —Eastern Counties, 10i —Sheffields, 34 —Fleetwood!, 7i dis.—South Eastern and Dovers, 22i—Midlands, Sly —Blackburns, 94—Great Western, 63—East Lancashire, fill—Electric Telegraph, 23:1 —Oxford and Worcester, 16i —Warii,.gton and Stockport. si. BIRMINGHAM, AUGUST 1. STOCA EXCHANGE.—The market has been doing a very brisk business to-day. Birmingham Canals, 924 ex dir. —Birmingham Banking Co. sh ares , 37—Wolverhampton and Staffordshire Banks, 20. COURSE OF EXCEI lonsterdtdm 11 INGE.—YESTEEDAT. Gibraltar •••• •• •• •..• •. I,ghorn •••••••••• •• •• 30 0 Genoa •• •• • • :1.7 75 Milan .•• •• •• •••• Ditto, three months .. 12 0 tiotterdam 12 0 :thtwerp .• 25 57% trussels 25 5734 lamburgh ............ 13 ruis .. • • .. .• 25 32% Ditto, three months .. 25 65 11 trseil; ............. 25 67% tourdedux • • •••• r'tanlzfort-cm. NI nine •• .. 120 rterlin •• •• •• •• •• •• •• Vietme•• •• •. •••••• •• •• 10 22 .• 10 24 l'etersburg ........ •• •• 37% Madrid .••••••• • •• •• •• 49-4 adiz • .• 50 I :areelorta .... • • • . •• • • •• • • Venice...... Palermo .... .... 133 Messina .. Lisbo• Oporto •• •• •• •• •• •• •• •• 53 Rio Janeiro ..... . Buenos Ayres.... •• Yew York,6o days' sight Philadelphia • ...... PRICES OP BULLION, PEE OZ. Foreign Gold in Bars £3 17 9 Portugal Gold Ccin 0 0 •► Mexican Dollars .... 0 0 0 New Dollars ...... 0 0 0 Airver in bans 0 0 IBA 0,?NB m !LB. 3101 fies that the mail. ..ru aGu. tams the General Post•oftlte y the night—aud M by the morning—lespatel..) Day whim made I from wits el , et , coumnanu. SI Generai low. eor. due .ta Oak°, London.* DispAtece a , :very Friday .. Liverpool .. Weekly notice. (by United S . packet) Every uesday . ,Southamotor Weekly l.uorica (by 17. Stat. packet) „„, _ • •• Liverpool ..„ tutralia (via Liver pool) 4th and 19th .... Liverpool .. Twloe me Ditto (via alarreillee) i ,„ Dover ..... Ditto (via Cape of (400 Hope) •• •• •• •• • • ..... •• • • ••• Uneertalt A•frica (West Coast)...; it ,l oft . 1 eiyinouth .. 6th of t s•.zaparia........ —7 10th & 26th of no. Dover d 19th • e'•'; 7.i;t,i uf ir.oi . ham u 4&21 u. tit 11 tltamaa ....... 17th of the :17.PrItl 34112itlittnp , cr 'l6th 3eigium , l'ly.. Dover.. Brazil e 19th of the month.. Southampica 16. auenoa Ayros ........N1 it" h ., ,101,11,1• t, 16 Cape oi tiood Rope Uncertain Cape of Gond Dope —I „51, „. gouthempio 16th of me C:‘5C de Verde• Coy:on (sea India) 10th and 26th l5 re 29th a 4th and '2oth Cntnnel Isles t Southern)) or uah.eat. • rf moo l:, aouthamp o I and 16 •.•. • alnst,lntinople oth and 26th.... (*over 2 and *9 Cmetantinoplo aant. of "Eiirope M & t• twice daily . D0ver...... twice day ;ypt (see India) France ........ MSr t (Wee daily.... Dover .... Twiesdallj 4ibralt et' .......... N 4,7,17,20,27 fm Southarunto 6 , 7 . a 4 .2 `Reece (see India) ireytown ..........M Ind & 17th of mun.Sitith•nriot 1 and 16 qamburgh •• • • •• •• •• N Dail v• 1 tvannah ...........f and of the mor s..eit:,,,rup 2d e* mo 'Tolland ••.• •• • ..... 172 Daily •• • ..... •• • • Oover •• .• • Lally ilonduras 17th of the monti 3outbanip(o. 16th (n.tia (viaSonthampt.)lV 4th ?r 20th of trio, Plymi•utt, . I and 21 nt India (via Marseilles)lll lOth& 26th of row! ,Dover lb 66 lonian Isles (see India) •• •• •• •• -. Irclana ........M & N Twice daily flolyhead is!. 2d of o . •tii of . ino,w iouthempto 6, 16:m 0. 4adaira 1 /34 a month „ILiverpool data (see India) • ;tette ............ „.; 10, 20, and 26 Dover „.. 4,. 21,16,29 Aim - Mins (aoe Indla) l'aurlthis k 20.11 of the molly I* 29 Mexico .. 'll,l of the moue' . Sonthampt• at ic•Piee • • • •• •• I` Dai1y...... •• •• ;Dover • Slew iirriada 2d & 17th of month. • 'Southarripto7 16 New ize a month ..Various porn Papal , Papal Ototos ...... —1 Daily. .• ...Dover ...... 4 weekly Peninsula earl ek. 27th of mon I Pint gate) tv private ship.. !Various port, Ist & 16th 4!eily fi,very Saturday.. Dover ..... WeelCY Tuscany D5i1y...........• 1./over ... .renezuels ai .7th ormont , 4outharoot. I Iml6 mt n 'Van Diemen'aLunii (se kuatralia) th of mar.. •Ithonthly w e , rflei.•••• ' I ' ;.. i t o Solithomnr.. Itit onthly 11 and 16 Arhen.ny of them latos fall on a munclay, the malts ~•; be de. sdatchel on the following day. with the "exception of the Inv a onthampton),and the Malta, both of which will be dewpaten• the p-eeeilinz da, BIRTHS. OF A SON. On the 31at ult., at Surhiton, Kinaaton-on•Thame• the wife of the Rev. Charles W. Doherty. On the Ist inst., at 9, Albert-terrace, Richmond-road, Bayswater, the wife of Captain Cossar, R.M. Light Infantry. OF A DAUGHTER. O❑ the Ist inst., at Fitzroy-square, the lady of Frederic Lowrance, Es'. On the 31st ult., at 103, Strand, Mrs. Wm. S. Hale. MARRIED. On the 3'st ult., at .Sheering Church, Essex, Hay Cooper, Esq., youngest son of the late Richard Cooper, Es. { ., to Gertrude Mary, !youngest daughter of George G. Hill, Esq., of Portland-place. On the :ilst ult.. at St. Gabriel's, Warwick square, T. Graham Balfour, M.D. of the Royal Milit try Asylum, Chelsea, to Georgi na . widow of the late Edwd. Anderson, Esq., of Rosstrevor, co. Down. DIED. On the 31st u1.. - at Horsendon House, Bucks, Thomas Oliver Anderson, Esq., one of her Majesty's Cou nse l, an d EC-ncher of Lincoln's inn, aged 70. On the 31,t ult., Daniel Gurteen, sen., E sq ., a t ri m , hill, Suffolk, aged 80. On the 31st ult., at :32, Edward street, Portman-square, Ann Maria, relict of the late Thos. Ponsonby, of 32, Re gent-circus, Piccadilly, aged 76. On the 318 t ult., Captain G. H. Robeson, late of the Turkish Contingent, aged : - 30. • • On the 31st ult., Ann Wuist, relict of the late Henry Wuist. of the Bank of England, aged 58. - On the 29th ult., Rebecca, second daughter of S. Yates, Req., 20, St. Mary-axe, city, aged 22. On the Stith ult., Elizabeth, wife of John Honey, Esq., of Eton Villa, Ilaverstock-hill, Hampstead, and iron mon,gei -la e, c ty, aged 63. LINDON: Printed and Publlshei by LIEURno YOUNG, of No. III!, Stn6 , t. Ir; iutm, at Me Sun I Sae, N 4 - 112, Str=4, in tha f`% ecioct of the Savoy, in D. affinity of Saturdah Augnat.2, 1856. , f ~~....