The Sun. — London, England, 1831-01-04 00:00:00

,~i I ' A . ~. /1/ . / ,/,,,,e'r . ,/ ._ . ~. ... / K-4-- - ' / / - " ./7 ..„,,....„, ~,,. - ~,,. _.... - ~..........--, ...t.. ~,,i,,, ~..... : -- 1 _... ......... -.„. : . ft"' • . 4 , ‘ .1 ~.. . 2 ..-• , g - --) _ •..1 - , 1; . ),.) . 6 . 1 1 • - -, rs--'!: -,-, , - ,,, -.4 •:,,,,,, --7,7777----- ' \ ' li. - ..t., • . , . ;•;.. --,', , ///:- ',.-: '7, k 1 1••: 4 '.-0 3 *4 l 4 ' - '7, la , Ai ~" • - -_-‘ t 1. ',. •-, ~,,,,A, . & '` . l.iZ;lp ,;', •N• vji t; , P . .' 1 ..., '':K,•. - -&.14/ i -c- ' ..- - 1 ~ , V_PA, ' , C • 1 ,21 - 4 :: % , , • ~,,,,, Vv./ w ‘-_"`"- ' , vi.i.- - $: -..,... '''z if, ! 'X' k , ~.• ,• • ------, ----__ -, • : '4. .3.•Ai. 1 7 • , ~ -' .„ 1: '-'• p'.''' .cc• „,... ~,.. ~, `,;:•,,, ri• ' \ ' ‘ ,-;,,Z ) . •I. • • t 01,,,,, - 44 ' .._.\„. I,k .... ..,-,.. k: -...,, .......„. %..# --1.8 " 6.141.111 . 1,,,••••••••• t( -- i e, I should not he; - e frithheid my assent. , The on now returned does so in several particulars, bu a 1 •Mitains a ppropriations for surveys of a local character which I carnet approve. It gives me satisfaction to find that no serious incontenience hal arisen from withholoing ny approval from this Bill ; nor will it. I trust. be cause •if regret that an opportunity will be thereby afforded for Congress to review its provisions under circumstances better calculated for full investigation than those under which it was passed. LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, J4NUARY 4, 1831. No. 11,9.54. PRICE 7D. GREAT BRITAIN'S CRISIS ! UNITED STATES. THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. The ")."? UNIVERSITY OF LONDON:s•— MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE.—The INTRODUCTORY LECTURE on this sobicat annoy viii be given on FRIDAY, the 7th inst., at Three Weida. o the LEONARD lIORNER, Warden. Irdav Univ ers it y o f L on don, Jan. 3, 1831. , • - exhi- MANOR-HOUSE CLASSICAL SCHOOL, ine of HOLLOWAY. , and THE above is superior to any School near untan Town, for extent of Play-ground and Play-room, for size and elegance of School-room, Dining and Sleeping nose Apartments, and for the attention paid by the Principals have to their Pupi!s, treating them as their own children. form Every thing taught necessary for the formation of the f the Set, an d • olar G ent l eman. A separate Preparatory School, terms low, cards, &c. 25 , Princes -street, Oxford-street, 126, Holborn, 92, Bil thopsgate- street. I cted, re up head, some If the of its T a numerous MEETING of MER • CHANTS, BANKERS, MANUFACTURERS, I'd OTHER INHABITANTS of NEWCASTLE ,ITPON-TYNE and its VICINITY, held in the Guild , On Tuesday, the 21st of December, 1830, The Right Worshipful ARCHIBALD REED, Esq. - . licate Mayor, in the Chair ; waa esolved, t dull On the Motio nß of JAMES LOSH, Esq. seconded by Alder thine- man BELL, t and 1. That the present state of the Representation of the ) the People is notoriously defective and unjust ; that while reflux Places with scarcely any inhabitants, are allowed to re -1 man turn Members of Parliament, other places—large, popu. 1 , the loos, and wealthy —are deprived of that important privi iappi. lege ;—that while in Boroughs, servitude and birth form f the in general t h e qua li f i cat i ons o f El ectors, a gre it ma jority st the of inhabitant householders—of persons contributing largely to th e revenue, and deeply interested in measures o f t h e s to a G ov ernment are totally shut out from the exercise of the its at n elective franchise. ience. On the motion of Dr. HEADLAM, seconded by ARMORER !s ap- Dosmix, Esq. wetly Q . That to the imperfect state of the Representation, Rider- are mainly to be ascribed the excessive evils with which flesh the country is afflicted ; among which we may enume ;Lissy Tate—unjust monopolies—oppressive and vexatious laws— rown. and a most profligate waste of the public money ; forming larse ; a train of evils, threatening, in their consequences, to involve in distrese and ruin every class of the community. ; and " everai On the motion of W. H. ORD, Eliq. seconded by AN THONY EASTERRY, Esq. a re 3. That this Meeting has seen with the highest satis mper- faction, the recent change in his Majesty's Councils—a , and change which inspires them with a confident hope, that wined, the prayers of the people for an effectual Reform of the 1 now House of Commons will no longer be unattended to. That er, is the House of Commons ought to be, and, with a proper : that Reform, would be, the express image of the feelings and astern sentiments of the people. le too Oa the motion of CHARLEi ATTWOOD, Esq. seconded by ations JOHN Flex, Esq. n the 4. That this Meeting would bail with pleasure any new enactments of the Legislature, calculated to lessen y tes- the expenses, and to obviate the demoralizing affects of Egyp- contested Elections —or, in a word, calculated to secure e and the unbought and uninfluenced suffrages of the electors ; 3f the and in this point of view it Will be deserving the especial ion ofc onsideration of the Legislature, whether the adoption of ballot, as a mode of taking the votes of electors, may not W. be advisable. On the motion of J. B. WRIGHT, Esq. and seconded by J. WILKINSON, Esq. 5. That we deem it indispensably necessary, in any plan of Reform which may be brought forward, that a great extension of the right of suffrage should take place; that 3eani. Boroughs, which have either fallen into decay, or become notoriously dependent and corrupt, should be distrahchised ; to 1. while, at the same time, the right of Representation should -- be given to the larger unrepresented towns of the United f`g Kingdom. 3 4'2 On the motion of Mr. WILLIAM ARMSTRONG, and se '4 coi,ded by Mr. EMERSON CHARNLEY. t L a . d. 6. That these Resolutions be embodied in Petitions, and t, SP. such Petitions be presented to both Houses of Parliament. 6 r That.the Right Hon. Earl Grey be requested to present 2 - - the Petition to the House of Lords, and Sir M. W. Rid () u ley, Bart. and John Hodg.on, E.g. Membeis for New -3 7 e castle, the Petition to the ;.",?use of Commons ; and that 6 11 6 Matthew Bell, Esq. and nu Wentworth Beaumont, 60 1 1 0 , g Esq., Members for Northu : sad, be requested to sup -0 port the Petition in the House' of Commons. 7. That the Petition now read be adopted. tie day'. On the motion of JAMES Usti, Evq., seconded by Dr. last {ive HEADLAM, ing, and That the cordial Thanks of this Meeting be given to the recourse Price Right Worshipful the Mayor for his impartial conduct in }jaw the Chair, and the ability with which be conducted the be rt::4 , ; business of the day. It/k. The Petitions for Reform in Parliament are lying for ►e 745. signatures at the Exchange, Sandhill ; Mr. Charnley's, , C 72 a. Bigg Market ; Newcastle Chronicle Office ; ie We. 76,. Tyne Mercury Office, and Mr. Mackenzie's, Bookseller, re rs. Pilgrim -street. is 44r. se 31),. 37.. se to 47r. se 425, se 32e. se 311 s. ne Stone. Load- LoacL r Last. latmeaL Si 33 35 38 BURGESS' NEW SAUCE or general purpoeee having given etch great approbation, and the demand for it continuing to increase, JOHN BUR GESS and SON beg most respectfully to offer this their brat acknowledgment to the publisfor their liberal patronage of the Mite; its utility and great convenience in all climates ham re•ornmended it to the most distinguished foreign coll imation*, who have all spoken highly in its resommenda tion.—lt is prepared by them only ; and for preventing disappointment to Families, all possible etre has been re sorted to by each bottle being sealed upon the cork with their firm and adduce, as well as cash label having their signature, without which it cannot he genuine. JOHN BURGESS and SON'S long established and rattail-esteemed ESSENCE of ANCHOVIES, alotinues to be prepared by them after the same manner that has given the greatest satisfaction for many years. Warehouse, 107, Strand, corner of the Savoy steps, London. The original Fish-sauce Warehouse. 40 .•••• .- —. ountry. •--• APPROVED MEDICINES, sold by Messrs. BUTLER, Chemists, at their respective Establishments, Cheapside, corner of St. Paul's, London ; „ Sackville-street, Dublin ; Princes-street, Edinburgh ; and ,nay be had of the most respectable dealers in Patent Medicines in the Kindom. ~BUT'..ER'S VEGETABLE TOOTH-POWDER,— entrifice (Composed of Vegetables without the ad mixture of any Mineral, or pernicious ingredient whatever), has so long been in general use, and an appendage to the fashionable toilet, that it is unnecessary to offer any fur ther recommendation in favour of it. In Boxes, at 2s. 9d. DR. JAMES'S ANALEPTIC PlLLS—are on ex cellent Alterative in Chronic Diseases of the Stomach and Bowels, and are applicable to Bilious and Dy peptic Af fections, Gout, &c. They are mild in their operation, and require no restraint or confinemennt during the use of them. In Boxes, at 4s. 6d. and 245. HICKMAN'S PILLS FOR CRAVEL, STONE, &c.—This Medicine has been long approved for the relief of Affections of the Kidneys and Bladder which are at tended with the formation of Gravel, Calculus, and those pains of the Back and Loins which accompany these affec tions ; and are found to succeed when most remedies of the kind have altogether failed. In Boxes, at 2s. 9d, and l le. BUTLER'S CAJEPUT OPODELDOC, used with much success in eases of Rheumatism, Sprains, Bruises, &c. also an excellent application for Chilblains, by allay ing the Irritation. In Battles, at lid. and 2s. 9d. TOWERS' STOMACHIC ESSENCE.—Probably the safest and most certain Sedative and Antispasmodic ever presented to Public notice, and most effectual in Nervous Palpitations, Difficulty of Breathing, and Hy steric Affections. In Bottles, at 2s. 9d. 4s. 6d. and I Is. BUTLER'S COMPOUND ESSENCE OF CU BEI3S.—This Preparation is recommended for those affections arising from diseases of the Kidneys, Bladder, &c. and that class of Diseases generally in which the use of the Cubebs has been found so serviceable. In Bottles, at 4s. Gd., 6s. fid., and 20s. FOTHERGILL'S TONIC PlLLS—applicable to the :male Constitution, and recommended as a safe and ef fzoual remedy for strengthening the System--also for proritcing regularity of action in those functions which are i'naired by debility, &c. In Boxes, at Is. lid. and 2s. 9d. market, 'I pricey. ry thing Im. £0 2 0 e 110 o 1 8 0 1 8 sail 24g. y o which the ave- Ave rage. average. Beans. 43d Od 41s Od 596_6d to 1 a. 011. 0 11 E 2 0 1 I 8 6 8 0 7 0 1 0 --._.,--. prices O f d. c 4 :., 0 to 94 , 1 0 5'. 4 e 0 0 46 0 0 ° 0 ° 10 V ° 10 D' 46 stirsele Esq. of rk, Mrs. In-placer Coto .r of the ighter Of and re : ilajesty Surgeoli 4therioe V. nav a [ghter BUTLER'S PECTORAL ELlXlR—strongly recom mended in Colds, Habitual Coughs, Asthmatic Affections, &c. In B)ttles, at Is. 11-d. and 2s. 9d. TOWERS' TONIC PlLLS.—These Stomachic Ape- rient Pills have for many years received the most decided marks of public approval. They are expressly designed to restor e the tone and energy of the Digestive Organs, and to remove and correct Indigestion, a bad and defective Appetite, Depression of Spirits, Drowsiness, &c. In Boxes, 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., and lie. "" RSHALL'S UNIVERSAL CERATE, an excel lent ..Anedy for broken Chilblains, Scalds, Burns, Wounds, arid Ulcers of every denomination, especially Sore and Ul cerated Legs. In Boxes, is. 11d. and 2s. 9d. N. B. The above Preparations, when genuine, will have the Name and Address of Messrs. Butler attached to .them..... -Particular attention to this caution is requested. n, relict nt-rowls , in the _--''-' NG, A% iscera This day was published, price 2s. Svo. REFORM —RETRENCH MENT — ECONOMY—the Hard Case of the Farmers ; and the. Distressed Condition of the Labouring Poor. A LETTER to the Right Hon. Sir JAMES GRAHAM, Bart. &c. By PHILANTHROPOS. London : Printed for Longman, Revs, Orme, and Co., Paternoster-row ; and Penny and Harker, Sherborne. CONGRESS OF VIENNA. This day was published, in 2 vols. post Svo. 21s. JOURNAL OF A NOBLEMAN. Comprising a NARRATIVE of his TRAVELS from MOSCOW to VIENNA, and of his RESIDENCE in that CITY during the CONGRESS, with numerous Anecdotes of dist;nguished Characters. henry Co;bum and Richard Bentley, New Burlington street. This day Was published, in 3 vols. pest Svo. BASIL BARRINGTON and HIS FRIENDS. A Novel. " There is infinite truth to be drawn from the precepts this novel would inculcate. The careless and sanguine Barrington may be met with in every circle, We re commend his history as a work calculated to do a great deal of good."—Spectator. Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, New Burlington street. This day was published, in Svo . price Is. 6d. THE ARGUMENTS ADVANCED AGAINST the ENFRANCHISEMENT of the JEWS, con,idered in a SERIES of LETTERS. By FRANCIS HENRY GOLDSMID. Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, New Burliugton. street. Of whom may be had, by the same Author, REMARKS on the CIVIL DISABILITIES of the BRITISH JEWS, in Svo. price 2s. 6d. OCTAVO EDITION. This day were published, in 2 vols. with considerable ad olitintis and improvements, and 33 Illustrations, TRAVELS in GREECE and ALBANIA By the Rev. T. S. HUGHES, B.D. Of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. ‘• The most perfect and best digested book on Greece which has yet been published.'—Courier. " Unquestionably a work of considerable value in many points of view, whether considered with reference to Greek travel, to the modern state of the country, or to its ancient literature and classic remains."—Literary Gazette. Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, New Burlington street. This day was published, in 2 vols. post Svo. SCENES OF LIFE AND SHADES OF CII ARACTER, Edited by ALARIC A. WATTS, Esq. CONTENTS :-The Wedding Excursion—The Squire of Dames—The Golden Helmet—Modern Calls in the Country—The Favourite—Miseries of a Ball-Room—The Maiden Aunt—Pleasure Patties—Secrets worth Knowing —The Heir Presumptive—The Marble Heart, &c. &c. " This work desetves the name ' par excellence ' of ' The Ladies' Sketch Book,' inasmuch as several of the tales contained in it are marked by that gentle spirit of romance which the fair in solitary moments delight to honorer ; whilOhe remaining portions are cognizant of drawing-rooms, dress, flirtation, scandal and other mi nistranta to gaiety in the social priods of female life."— Globe. Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, New Burlington. street. MR. GRATTAN'S NEW WORK. This day was published, in 3 vols. post Bvo. SECOND AND CHEAPER EDITION. THE HEIRESS OF BRUGES A TALE. By THOMAS COLLEY (;RATTAN, Esq. Author of " High-ways and By-ways," " Traits of Travel," &e. " A love story, of most romantic interest, is here ably wrought into the stirring history of the most energetic struggle ever made against bigotry and tyranny—that of the Low Countries against their Spanish oppressors. Many of the characters are especially well drawn, the he roine is a very sweet creature;. and her father with his proud humility, yet secret consciousness of wealth and power, is au excellent and true picture—whose air of ality seems to vouch for ibs being a likeness. The hero himself is, what the term implies, the principal actor in his own pages; and there are few readers who will not be carried along by the fortunes of the brave de Bassenveldt." —Literary Gazette. Henry Co'burn and Richard Bentley, New Burlington street. DR. LARDNER'S CABINET LIBRARY. This day was published, in small Svs., price 55., the Firs! Volume of the MILITARY MEMOIRS of FIELD MARSHAL the DUKE of WELLINGTON. In Two Volumes. By Captain MOYLE SHERER. Being the First Volume of Dr. Lardner's Cabinet Library. To be published, Feb 1. ANNUAL RE TROSPECT of PUBLIC AF FAIRS in 1830. One Volume. March 1. FRENCH REVOLUTION of 1830. By T. B. MACAULEY, E.q., M.P. April 1. MILITARY MEMOIRS of WELLINGTON. Vol. IL May 1. LIFE and REIGN of GEORGE IV. In Three Volumes. Vol. I. Printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green. NEW HISTORICAL SCHOOL BOOK. Just published, in 12m0., with a Map, price 44.. 6d. bound, THE HISTORICAL MISCELLANY ; or, Illustrations of the most important periods in Ancient and Modern History, with a particular account of the British Constitution and Commerce. Forming a Sup plement to Pinnock'a Grecian, Roman, and English Ilis tories. By W. C. TAYLOR, A.M., of Trinity College, Dublin, Printed for Whittaker, Treacher, and Co., Ave Maria. lane, London. Just published, New Editions, enlarged, of PINNOCK'S HISTORY of ENGLAND, to 1829, Gs. GREECE, ss. 6d. ROME, ss. 6d. ROBERTS' ELEMENTS of MODERN GEOGRA PHY and HISTORY, with Maps, 6s. 6d. TAYLOR'S EPITOME of ANCIENT GEOGRA PHY and HISTORY, with Maps, hs. LINNINGTON'S COMPANION to the GLOBES. Third Edition, 4s. 6d. KEY, 2s. TAYLOR'S HISTORY of FRANCE and NOR MANDY, 12mo. Map. 6s. MINERAL SUCCEDANEUM FOR FILLING DE- CAYED TEETH. 1/FONSIEUR MALLAN AND SON, SURGEON-DENTISTS, 82, GREAT RUS SELL-STREET, BLOOMSBURY, grateful for the high and extensive patronage which has so eminently dis tinguished their professional exertions since their arrival in the British Metropolis, respectfully announce to their Friends and the Public in general, that they still continue to fill decayed Teeth with their celebrated MINERAL SUCCEDANEUM, so universally recommended by the Faculty of London and Paris. The operation of filling Teeth is performed in a few seconds, without the slightest pain, heat, or pressure ; also fasten loose Teeth in a man ner singularly efficacious, and supply whole or partial Sets of Teeth of the above Incorrodible Mineral or N a tural Substances without wire or other ligatures, and guaranteed to answer every purpose for articulating and masticating. The Faculty are respectfully invited to witness the suc cessful result of the MINERAL SUCCEDANEUM.— . Charges 114 in Paris. PUBLIC NOTICE. consequence of the very increasing demand 1- for DAY and MARTIN'S BLACKING, the Pro prietors hare erected a Manufactory en so extended a scale, that they will be enabled to execute all order s f or F ore i gn or Home consumption at a day's notice, and t o secure t h e Public from imposition an engraving of the New Building will appear on the label. 97, High Holborn, May 1, MO. NEW YORK, DEC. 9. A little after twelve o'clock last night we received the President's Message by express. The person engaged to bring it to this city would have reached here at a much earlier hour but for a disappointment in his arrangements in Philadelphia. He, however, by his perseverance, has (gabled us to lay it before our readers at an early hour this morning. The National Intelligencer of Tuesday states, that a large proportion of the Members of Congress were present on Monday. In the Senate, General Smith, of Maryland, took the chair. In the House of Representatives, Mr. Speaker Stevenson was absent, but we learn from the Baltimore Patriot of Tuesday evening, that the Speaker arrived at Washington on Tuesday morning. 13oth Houses met on Tuesday, when the following Mes sage was delivered : MESSAGE. FELLOW-CITIZENS OF THE SENATE, AHD HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, The pleasure I have in congratulating you on your re .urn to your constitutional duties is much heightened by :he satisfaction which the condition of our beloved country at this period justly inspires. The beneficent Author of ;tll good has granted to us, during the present year, Lealth, peace, and plenty, and numerous causes for joy in the won derful success which attends the progress of our free in stitutions. With a population unparalleled in its increase, and pos sessing a character which combines the hardihood of en terprise with the considerateness of wisdom, we see in every section of our happy country a steady improvement in the means of social intercourse, and correspondent effects upon the genius and laws of our extended republic. The apparent exceptions to the harmony of the prospect are to be referred rather to inAitable diversities in the various interests which enter into the composition of so extensive a whole, than to any want of attachment to the union,—interests whose collision serve only in the end to toster the spirit of conciliation and patriotism, so essential to the preservation of that union which, I most devoutly hope, is destined to prove imperishable. In the midst of these blessings we have recently wit nesed changes in the condition of other nations, which may, in their consequences, call for the utmost vigilance, ' wisdom, and unanimity in our councils, and the exercise of all the moderation and patriotism of our people. The important modifications of their Government, effected with so much courage and wisdom by the people of France, afford a happy presage cf their future course, and has naturally elicited from the kindred feelings of this nation that spontaneous and universal burst of applause in which you have participated. In congratulating you, my fellow-citizens, upon an event so auspicious to the dearest interests of mankind, I do no more than respond to the voice of my country, without transcending in the . - slightest degree that salutary maxim of the illustrious Washington, which enjoins an abstinence from all inter ference with the internal affairs of other nations. From a people exercising in the most unlimited degree the right of self-government, and enjoying, as derived from this proud characteristic, under the favour of }leaven, much of the happiness with which they are blessed,—a people who can point in triumph to their free institutions, and challenge comparison with the fruits they bear, as well as with the moderation, intelligence, and energy, with which they are adtniuistered,—from such a people the deepest sympathy was to be expected in a struggle for the sacred principles of liberty, conducted in a spirit every way worthy of the cause, and crowned with an heroic modera tion which has disarmed revolution of its terrors. Not withstanding the strong assurances which the man whom we so sincerely lye and justly admire has given to the world, of the high character of the present King of the French, and which, if sustained to the end, will secure to him the proud appellation of Patriot King, it is not in his success, but in that of the great principle which has borne him to the throne—the paramount authority of the public will—that the American people rejoice. I am happy to inform you that the anticipations which were indulged at the date of my last communication on the subject of our foreign affairs, have been fully realized in several important particulars. An arrangement has been effected with Great Britain, in relation to the trade between the United States and her West India and North American Colonies, which has settled a question that has for years afforded matter for contention and almost uninterrupted discussion, and has been the subject of no less then six negotiations, in a manner which promises results highly favourable to the parties. The absti act right of Great Britain to monopolize the trade with her colonies, or to exclude us from a participa tion therein, has never been denied by the United States. But we have contended, and with reason, that if, at any time, Great Britain may desire the productions of thi s country, as necessary to her colonies, they must he received upon principles of just reciprocity ; and further, that it is making an invidious and unfriendly distinction, to open her colonial ports to the vessels of other nations, and close them against those of the United States. Antecedently to 1794, a portion of our production was admitted into the colonial islands of Great Britain, by par ticular concessions, limited to the term of one year, but renewed from year to year. In the transportation of these productions, however, our vessels were not allowed to en gage : this being a privilege reserved for British shipping, by which alone our produce could be taken to the islands, and theirs brought to us in return. From Newfoundland and her continental possessions, all her productions, as well as our vessels, were excluded, with occasional relaxations, by which, in seasons of distress, the former were admitted in British bottoms. By the treaty 0f179-1, she offered to concede to us, for a limited time, the right of carrying to her West India pos sessions in our vessels not exceeding seventy tons butden, and upon the same terms with British vessels, any produce tions of the United States which British vessels might im port therefrom. But this privilege was coupled with con ditions which are supposed to have led to its rejection by the Senate ; that is, that American vessels should land their return cargoes in the United States ouly ; and, moreover, that they should, during the continuance of the privilege, be precluded from carrying molasses, sl!gar, coffee, cocoa, or cotton, either from those islands, or from the United States, to any other part of the world. Great Britain readily consented to expunge this article from the treaty ; and subsequent attempts to arrange the terms of the treaty, either by treaty, stipulations, or concerted legis lation, having failed, it has been successively suspended and allowed, according to the varying legislation of the parties. The following are the prominent points which have, in late years, separated the two Governments :—Besides a restriction whereby all importations into her colonies in American vessels are confined to our own product carried hens;;,—a restriction to which it does not appear that we have ever objected,—a leading object 011 the part of Great Britain has been to prevent us from becoming the carriers of British West Indian commodities to any other country than our own. On the part of the United States it has been contended,—lit, that the subject shou:d be regulated by treaty stipulations in preference to separate legislation;- 2d, that our productions, when imported into the colonies in question, should not be subject to higher duties than the productions of the mother country, or of her other colonial possessions; and 3d, that our vessels should be allowed to participate in the circuitous trade between the United States and the different parts of the British dominions. The first point, after having been for a long time etre nuously insisted upon by Great Britain, was' given up by the Act of Parliament of July, 1625 ; all vessels suffered to trade with the colonies being permitted to clear from thence with any articles which British vessels might ex port, and to proceed to any part of the world, Great Bri tain and her dependencies alone excepted. On our part, each of the above points had, in succession, been expli citly abandoned in negotiations preceding that of which the result is now announced. This arrangement secures to the United States every advantage asked by them, and which the state of the ne gotiation allowed us to insist upon. The trade will be placed upon a footing decidedly more favourable to this country than any on which it ever stood ; and our com merce and navigation will enjoy, in the colonial ports of Great Britain, every privilege allowed to other nations. That the prosperity of the country, so far as it depends on this trade, will be greatly promOted by the new ar rangement, there can be no doubt. Independently of the more obvious advantages of an open and direct intercourse, its establishment will be attended with other consequences of a higher value. That which has been carried on since the mutual interdict under all the expence and inconve nience unavoidably incident to it, would have been insup portably onerous, bad it not been , in a great degree , light ened by concerted evasions in the mode of making the t Anshipments at what are called the neutral ports. These indirection are inconsistent with the dignity of nations that have so many motives, not only to cherish feelings of mu t ua l f r i en d s hip, but to maintain such relations as will Hmul a t e their respective citizens and subjects to efforts on direct, open, and honourable competition only, and preserve them from the influence of seductive and vitiating circumstances. When your preliminary interpo,ition was asked at the close of the last session, a copy of the instructions under lias Mr. M-Lane has acted, together with the commu nit rtions which had at that time passed batwean him and the British G Nen-intent, was laid before you. Although there has not been any thing in the acts of the two Go vernments which require secrecy, it was thought most proper, in the then state of the negotiation, to make that coannunication a confidential one. So soon, however, as the evidence of execution on the part of Great Britain is received, the whole matter shall he laid before you, when it will be seen that the apprehension which appears to have suggested one of the provisions of the act passed at your last session, that the restoration of the trade in question might be connected with other subjects, and was sought to be obt3inedoat the sacrifice of the public interest in ether particulars, was wholly unfounded ; and that the change which has taken place in the views of the British Government has been induced by considerations as ho nourable to both parties, as, I trust, the result will prove beneficial. • This desirable result was, it will be seen, greatly pro moted by the liberal and confiding provisions of the Act of Congress of the last session, by which our ports were, upon the acceptation and annunciation by the President of the required assurance on tie part of Great Britain, forth with opened to her vessels, before the arrangement could be carried into effect on her part ; pursuing, in this act of prospective legislation, a similar course to that adopted by Great Britain, in abolishing, by her Act of Parliament, in 1525, a restriction then existing, and permitting our Yes sides to clear from the colonies, en their return voyages, for any foreign country whatever, before British vessels had been relieved from the restrictions impeded by our law, of returning directly from the United States to the colonies—a restriction which she required and expected that we should abolish. Upon each occasion, a limited and temporary advantage has been given to the opposite party, but an advantage of no importance in comparison with the restoration of mutual confidence and good feel ings, and the ultimate establishment of the trade upon fair principles. It gives me unfeigned pleasure to assure you that this negotiation has been throughout characterized by the most frank and friendly spirit on the part of Great Britain, and concluded in a manner strongly iniiirative of a sincere desire to cultivate the best relations with the United States. To reciprocate this disposition to the fullest (a - tent of my ability, is a duty which I shall deem it a privilege to discharge. Although the result is itself the best commentary on the services rendered to his country by our Minister et the Caurt of St. James, it would he doing violence to my feelings were. I to dismiss the subject without expressing the very high sense I entertain of the talent and exertions which have been displayed by him on the occasion. The injury to the commerce of the - United States result ing from the exclusion of our vessels from the Black See, and the previous footing; of mere sufferance upon which even the limite+ trade enjoyed by us with Turkey has hi therto been placed, have for a long time been the source of much solicitude to this Government, and several en deavours have been made to obtain a better state of things. Sensible to the importance of the object, I felt it my duty to leave no proper means unemployed to acquire for our flag the same privileges that are enjoyed by the principal powers of Europe. Commissioners were, consequently, appointed to open a negotiation with the Sublime Porte. Not long after the Member of the Commission who went directly from the United States bad sailed, the account of the treaty of Adrianople, by which one of the objects in view was supposed to lie secured, reached this country. The Black Sea was understood to he opened to us. Under the supposition that this was the ease, the additional faci lities to be derived from the establishment of commercial regulations with the Porte were deemed of sufficient im portance to require a prosecution of the negotiation as originally c ontemplated. It was therefore persevered in, and resulted in a treaty, which will forthwith be laid be fore the Senate. B y the provisions, a free passage is secured, without limitation of time, to the Vt ssels of the United Stites, to and front the Black Sea, including the navigation thereof; anti our trade with Turkey is placed on the footing of the most favoured nations. The latter is an arrangement wholly independent of the treaty of Adrianople; and the former derives much value, not only from the increased security which, order any circumstances, it would give to the right in question, but from the fact, ascertained in the course of the negotiation, that, by the construction put upon that treaty by Turkey, the article relating to the passage of the Bosphorus is confined to nations havint treaties with the Porte. The most filen:4 feelings appear to be entertained by the Sultan, anti an enlightened dispo sition is evinced by him to foster the intercourse between the two c, uatries by the most liberal arrangements. This disposition it will be our duty and interest to cherish. Our relations with Russia are of the most stable cha racter. Respect for that empire, and confidence in its friendship towards the United States, have been so long entertained on our part, and so carefully cherished by the present Emperor and his illustrious predecessor, as to have become incorporated with the public sentiment of the United States. No means will be left unemployed on my part to promote these salutary feelings, and those improve ments of which the commercial intercourse between the two countries is susceptible, and which have derived in creased importance feom our treaty with the Sublime Porte. I sincerely regret to inform you that our Minister lately comtnissioned to that Court, on whose distinguished talents and great experience in public affairs I place great reliance, has been compelled, by extreme indisposition, to exercise a privilege, which, in consideration of the ex tent to which his constitution had been impaired in the public servh:c, was committed to his discretion, of leaving temporarily his post for the advantage of a more genial climate. If, as it is to be hoped, the improvement of his health will be such as to justify him in doing so, lie will repair to St. Petersburgh, cud resume the discharge of his official duties. I have received the most satisfactory as surance that in the mean time the public interests in that quarter will be preserved from prejudice, by the inter course which he will continue, through the Secretary of Legation with the Russian Cabinet. You are apprized, although the fact has not yet been officially announced to the House of Representatives, that a treaty.was, in the month of March last, concluded be tween the United States and Denmark, by which 650,000 dollars are secured to our citizens as an indemnity for spoliations upon their commerce in the years 1508, 1809, 1810, 1811. This treaty was sanctioned by the Senate at the close of its last session, and it now becomes the dotty of Congress to pass the necessary laws for the organiza tion of the Board of Commissioners to distribute the in en amongst the claimants. It is an agreeable cir cumstanced'LYi in this adjustment, that its terms are in con formity with the previously ascertained views of the claimants themselves; thus removing all pretence for a future agitation of the subject in any form. The negociations in regard to such points in our fo reign relations as remain to he adjusted, have been actively prosecuted during the reeess. Material advances have been made, which are of a character to promise favourable results. Our country, by the blessing of God, is not in a situation to invite aggression ; and it trill be our fault if she ever becomes so. Sincerely desirous to cultivate the most liberal and friendly relations with all—ever ready to fulfill our engagements with scrupulous fidelity,_ limiting our demands upon others to mere justice—hold ing ourselves ever ready to do unto them as we would wish to be done by—and avoiding even the appearance of undue partiality to any nation, it appears to we impos sible that a simple and sincere application of our principles to our foreign relations can fail to place them ultimately upon the footing on which it is our wish they should rest. Of the points referred to, the most prominent are our claims upon France for spoliations upon our commerce ; similar claims upon Spain, together with embarrassments in the commercial intercourse between the two countries, which ought to be removed; the conclusion of the treaty of commerce and navigation with Mexico, which has been so long in suspense, as well as the final settlement of limits between ourselves and the republic: and finally, the arbitrament of the question between the United States and Great Britain, in regard to the north-eastern boundary. The negotiation with France has been conducted by our Minister with zeal and ability, and in all respects to my entire satisfaction. Althouzli the prospect of a favourable termination was occasionally dimmed by counter.preten •ions, to which the United States could not assent, he yet had strong hopes of being able to arrive at a sati•factory settlement with the late Government. The negotiation has been renewed with the present authorities; and, sen sible of the general and lively confidence of our citizens in the justice and magnanimity of regenerated France, I regret the 'Bore not to have it in row power yet to announce the result so confidently anticipated. No ground, however, inconsistent with this expectation, has been takme ; and I do not, allow myself to doubt that justice will soon be done tolls. The amount of the claims, the length of time they have remained unsatisfied, and their incontro vertible justice, make an earnest prosecution of them by this Government an urgent duty. The illegality of the seizures and confiscations out of which they have arisen is nut disputed ; and whatever distinctions may have been heretofore set up with regard to the liability of the exist ' inn Government, is is quite clear that such con.iderations cannot now be interposed. The commercial intercourse between the two countries is ,susceptible of highly advantageous improvements ; but the sense of this injury has had, and must continue to have, a very unfavourable influence upon them. From its satisfactory adjustment, not ooiy a firm but cordial friendship, but a progressive development of their rela tiuns, may be expected. It is, therefore, my earnest hope that this old and vexatious subject of difference may be speedily removed. I feel that my confidence in our appeal to the motives which should govern a just and magnanimous nation, is alike warranted by the character of the French people, and by the high voucher we possess for the enlarged views and pure integrity of the Monarch who now presides over her councils ; and nothing shall be wanting on my part to nicet any manifestation of the sphit we anticipate in one of corresponding frankness and liberality. The subjects of difference with Spain have been brought to the view of that Government, by our Minister there, with much force and propriety : and the strongest assur ances have been received of their early and favourable consideration. The steps which remained to place the matter in con troversy between Great Britain and the United States fairly before the arbitrator, have all been taken in the saute liberal and friendly spirit which characterised those before announced. Recent events have doubtless served to delay the decision, but our Minister at the Court of the distinguished arbitrator has been assured that it will be made within the time contemplated by the Treaty. I am particularly gratified in being able to state, that a decidedly favourable, and, as I In,pe, lasting change, has been effected in our relations with the neighbouring re public of Mexico. The unfortunate and unfounded sus picions in regard to our disposition, which it became my psinful duty to advert to on a former occasion, have been, I believe, entirely removed; and the Government of Mexico has been made to understand tie real character of the wishes and views of this in regard to that country. The consequence is, the establishment of friendship and mutual confidence. Such arc the assurances which I have received, and I see no cause to doubt their sincerity. I had reason to expect the conclusion: of a commercial treaty with Mexico in season for communication on the present occasion. Circumstances which are not explained, but which, I am persuaded, are not the result of an in disposition en her part to enter into it, have produced the delay. There was reason to fear, in the course of the last sum mer, that the harmony of our relations might be disturbed by the acts of certain claimants, under Mexican grants, of territory which has hitherto been under our jurisdic tion. The co-operation of the representative of Mexico near this Government was askesl on the occasion, and was readily afforded. Instructions and advice have been given to the Governor of Arkansas, anti the officers in command in the adjoining Mexican State, by which it is hoped the quiet of that frontier will be preserved, until a final settle ment of the dividing line shall have removed all ground of controversy. The exchange of ratification of the treaty concluded last year with Austria has not yet taken place. The delay has been occasioned by the non-arrival of the ratification of that Government within the time prescribed by the treaty. Renewed authority has been asked for by the re present alive of Austria ; and, in the mean time, the ra pidly increasing trade and navigation between the two countries have been placed upon the most liberal footing of our navigation acts. Several alleged depredations have been recently commit ted on our commerce by the national vessels of Portugal. They have been made the subject of immediate remon strance and reclamation. lam not yet possessed of suffi cient information to express a definitive opinion of their character, but expect soon to receive it. No proper means shall be omitted to obtain for our citizens all the redress to which they may appear to he entitled. Almost at the moment of the adjournment of your last Session, two Bills, the one entitled " An Act for soak ing Appropriation for building Light-houses, Liaht boats, Beacons, and Monuments, placing Buoys, and for improving Harbours and directing Surveys ;" and the other, " An Act to authorise a Subscription for Stock in the Louisville and Portland Canal Company," were sub mitted for my approval. It was not possible, within the time allowed sue, before the close of the session, to give these Bills the consideration which was due to their cha racter and importance ; and I was compelled to retain them for that purpose. I now avail myself of this early opportunity to return them to the Houses in which they , respectively originated, with the reasons which, after ma ture deliberation, compel me to withhold my approval. The practice of defraying out of the Treasury of the United States the expenses incurred by the establishment and support of light-houses, beacons, buoys, and public piers, within the bays, inlets, harbours, and ports of the United States, to render the navigation thereof safe and easy, is coeval with the adoption of the Constitution, and has been continued without interruption or dispute. As our foreign commerce increased, and was extended into the interior of the country by the establishment of ports of entry and delivery upon our navigable rivers, the sphere of those expenditures received a cot responding en largement. Light-houses, beacons, buoys, public piers, and the removal of sand bars, sawyers, and other partial or temporary impediments in the navigable rivers and har bours which were embraced in the revenue districts, from time to time established by law, were authorized upon the same principle, and the expense defrayed in the same manner. That these expenses have at times been extrava gant and disproportionate, is very probable. The circum• stance under which they are incurred are well calculated .to lead to such a result, unless their application is sub jected to the closest scrutiny. The local advantages arising front the disbursements of public money too fre quently, it is to be feared, invite appropriations for objects of this character that are neither necessary nor useful. The number of light-house keepers is already very large, and the bill before me proposes to add to it 51 more, of various descriptions. From representations upon the subject which are understood to be entitled to respect, I am induced to believe that there has not only been great improvidence in the past expenditures of the Government upon these objects, but that the security of navigation has, in some instances, been diminished by the multiplication of light-houses, and consequent change of lights, upon the coast. It is in this, as in other respects, our duty to avoid ail unnecessary expenses, as well as every increase of patronage not called for by the public service. But, in the discharge of that duty in this particular, it must not be forgotten that, in relation to our foreign commerce, the burden and benefit of protecting and accommodating it, necessarily go together, and must do so as long as the public revenue is drawn from the people through the custotn-house. It is indisputable that whatever gives facility and security to navigation, cheapens imports, and all who consume them are alike interested in whatever produces this effect. If they consume, they ought, as they now do, to pay; otherwise they do not pay. The con sumer in the most inland state derives the same advantage from every necessary and prudent expenditure for the facility and security of our foreign commerce and navi gation, that he does who resides in a maritime state. Local expenditures have not, of themselves, a correspondent operation. Front a Bill snaking direct appropriations for such ob. ae en speaking of direct appropriations, I mean not to in .ude a practice which has obtained to some extent, awl :o which I have, in one instance, in a different capacity, given my assent—that of subscribing to the stock of pri vate associationa. Positive experience, and a more tlio ough consideration of the subject , have convinced me of the impropriety as well as inexpediency of suchinvest mente. All improvements effected by the funds of the na tion fur the general use should be open to the enjoyment of 11 our fellow-citizens, exempt from the payment of toile, or any imposition of that character. The practice of thus mineling the concerns of the Government with those of the Stales or individuals, is inconsistent with the object of its institutione, and highly impolitic. The successful operation of the federal system can only Ite preierved by confining it to the few and simple, but yet important ob jects for which it was designed. A different practice, if allowed to progress, would ulti mately change the character of this Government, by con solidating into one the general and State Governwents, which were intended to be kept for ever di,tinct. I cannot perceive how Bills authorising such subscriptions can Ile otherwise regarded than as bills for revenue, and conse quently subject to the rule in that respect prescribed by the Constitution. If the interest of the Government in pri vate companies is subordinate to that of individuals, the ma tiaeement and controul of a portion of the public funds is delegated to an authority unknown to the Constitution, and beyond the supervision of our constituents. If superior, its officers and agents will be constantly exposed to impu tations of favosritism and oppression. Direct prejudice to the public interest, or an alienation of the affections and respect of portions of the people, may, therefore, in addi tion to the general discredit resulting to the Government from embarking with its constituents in pecuniary specula tions, be looked for as the:profitable fruit ofsuch associations, It is no answer to this objection to say that the extent of eontrquences like these cannot be great from a limited and small number of investments, because experience in other matters teaches us, and we are not at liberty to disregard its admonitions, that unless an entire stop be put to them, it will soon be impossible to prevent their accumulation, until they are spread over the whole country, and made to embrace many of the private and appropriate concerns of individuals. The power which the general Government would ac quire within the several states by becoming the principal stockholder in corporations, controlling every canal, and each sixty or a hundred miles of every important road, and giving a proportionate vote in all their elections, is almost inconceivable, and, in my view, dangerous to the liberties of the people. This mode of aiding such works is also in its nature deceptive, and in many cases conducive to improvidence in the administration of the national funds. Approprias tions will be obtained with much greater facility, and granted with less security to the public interest, when the measure is thus disguised, and when definite and direct expenditures of money are asked for. The interests of the n,,tion will doubtless be better served by avoiding all such indirect modes of aiding particular object. In a Go vernment like ours, more especially, should all public acts be, so far as practicable, simple, undisguised, and intslli th that they may become fit subjects for the approba tion or animadversion of the people. The bill authorizing a subscription to the Louisville and Portland canal a ffords a striking illustration of the difficulty of withholding ad ditional appropriations for the same object, when the first erroneous step has been taken by instituting a partnership between the Government and private companies. It pre poses a third subscription on the part of the United States, when each preceding one was at the time regarded as the extent of the aid which Government was to render to that work; and the accompanying bill for light-houses, &c. contains an appropriation for a survey of the bed of the river, with a view to its improvement, by removing the obstruction which the canal is designed to avoid. This improvement, if successful, would afford a free passage to the river, and render the canal entirely useless. To such improvidence is the course of legislation subject, in rela tion to internahmprovement and local matters, even with the best intentions on the part of the Congress ! Although the motives which have influenced me in this matter may be already sufficiently stated. I am, never theless, induced by its importance, to add a few observa tions of a general character. In my objections to the bill authorizing subscriptions to the Maysville and Rockville Road Companies, I expressed my views fully in regard to the power of Congress to con struct roads and canals within a state, ur to appropriate money for improvements of a local character. I, at the ime time, intimated my belief, that the right to make ap propriations for such as were of a national character had been so generally acted upon, and so lung acquiesced its by the Federal and State Governments, and the constituents of each, as to justify its exercise on the ground of continued and uninterrupted usage; but that it was, nevertheless, highly expedient that appropriations, even of that character, should, with the exception made at the time, be deferred until the national debt is paid, and that in the meanwhile sonic general rule for the action of the Government in that respect ought to be established. These suggestions were not necessary to the decision of the question then before me, and were, I readily admit, intended to awaken the attention, and draw forth the opi nions and observations of our constituents upon a subject of the highest importance to their interests, and one des tined to exert a powerful influence upon the future opera tions of our political system. I knew of no tribunal to which a public man in this country in case of doubt and difficulty can appeal with greater advantage or more pro priety than the judgment of the people; and although I must necessarily in the discharge of my official duties be governed by the dictates of my own judgment, I have no desire to conceal my anxious wish to conform, as far as I can, to the views of those for whom I act. All irregular expressions of public opinion are of ne , - cessity attended with some doubt as to their accuracy, but, making full allowances on that account, I cannot, I think, deceive myself in believing that the acts referred to, as well as the suegestiens which I allowed myself to make in re. lation to their bearing upon the future operations of the Government, have been approved by the great body of the people. That those whose immediate pecuniary interests are to be affected by proposed expenditures should shrink from the application of a rule which prefers their more general and remote interests to those which are personal and immediate, is to be expected_ But even such objec tions must, from the nature of our population, be but temporary in their duration, and if it were otherwise, our course should be the same; for the time is yet, I hope,-far distant when those intrusted with power to be exercised for the good of the whole, will consider it either honest or wise to purchase local favour at the sacrifice of principle and the general good. So understanding public sentiment, and thoroughly satisfied that the hest interests of our common country imperiously require that the course which I have recom mended in this regard should be adopted, I have, upon the most mature consideration, determined to pursue it. It is due to candour, as well as to my own feelings, that I should express the reluctance and anxiety which I must at all times experience in exercising the undoubted right of the Executive to withhold his assent from bills on other grounds than their unconstitutionality. That this right should not be exercised on slight occasions, all will admit. It is only in matters of deep interest, when the principle involved may be justly regarded as next in importance to infractiens of the constitution itself, that such a step cats be expected to meet with the approbation of the people. Such an occasion do I conscientiously believe the present to be. In the discharge of this delicate and highly re sponsible duty, I am sustained by the reflection that the exercise of this power has been deemed consistent with the obligation of official duty by several of my predecessors ; and by the persuasion, too, that whatever liberal institutions may have to fear from the encroachments of executive power, which has been every where the cause of so much strife and bloody contention, but little danger is to be apprehended from a precedent by which that authority denies itself. Abe exercise of powers that bring in their train influence and patronage of great extent, and thus excludes the operation of personal interests, every where the bane of official trust. I derive, too, no small degree of satisfaction from the reflection, that, if I have mistaken the interests and wishes of the people, the constitution affords the means of soon redressing the error by selecting, fur the place their favour has bestowed upon me, a citizen whose 'opinions may accord with their own. I trust, in the mean tints, the interests of the nation will be saved from prejudice, by a rigid application of that portion of the public foods which might otherwise be applied to different objects to that highest of all our obligations—the peytnent of tl'e public debt, and an opportunity be afforded for the adyptiou of some better rule for the operations of the Goversanynt in this matter than any which has hitherto been acted upon. Profoundly impressed with the importance of the sub ject, not merely as it relates to the general prosperity of the Icountry, but to the safety of the federal syatem, I cantle)! avoid repeating my earnest hope that all goad citizens who