The Sun. — London, England, 1861-10-03 00:00:00

?HE NAVY. CHATHAM, Oct. 2.—The iron-plaled frigate De fence, 18, is still lying alongside the sheer-hulk in this harbour, and it is now a matter of doubt as to whether she will be taken into dock during the approaching spring tides, as her masts have not yet arrived at this establishment. The progress of the work will not, however, be much retarded in consequence of any delay in docking her, as much still remains to be done in the interior of the vessel, whichisbeingrapidly proceeded with. The Defence is to be at once handed over to the dockyard autho rities, and a screw-steamer has to•day arrived for the purpose of conveying to the factory of the builders, Messrs. Palmer Brothers, Jarrow, on the Tyne, the whole of their gear remaining in the ship together with the workmen sent from their esta blishment for the purpose of completing her. Many of the hands have, however, obtained work in this dockyard, where there seems to be a good prospect for skilful workers in iron, in consequence of the immense amount of iron ship -building in progress and in contemplation. No. 3 dock in this yard is now is perfect readiness for the reception of the Defence, the whole of the blocks having been re duced to a level of 4inches from the bed of the dock to increase the depth of water. Yesterday the operation of planking the iron cased steam frigate Royal Oak, 51, building at Chat ham, was commenced by the shipwrights employed on her, of whom there are upwards of 200. The planking on which her iron plates will be placed will be of teak, 12 in. in thickness, tapering down to a minimum thickness of 5 in. at a depth of 5 ft. below the water-line. The object of bolting the iron plates on teak instead of oak planking is that the peculiar oil from the former wood is expected to act as a preservative to the iron, while the acids from oak planking are found to be exceedingly injurious to iron, on which they have a singularly destructive effect. The energy with which the building of the Royal Oak is now carried on leaves little room for doubt that she will be completed And afloat in a very little more than 12 months. Yesterday a number of additional caulkers and shipwrights were placed on the President, 51, fit ting in the fourth dock at Chatham, in order to expedite her completion. As soon as the fourth dock is at liberty it will be occupied by the Nankin, or one of the other 51-gun sailing frigates, to be converted into screw steamers. The War Department transport Henry, Mr. John Bull commander, was placed under the steam crane at the Ordnance-wharf, Chatham, yesterday, and landed six of the new 20-pounder Armstrong guns, together with 400 cases of 100-pounder shot and 400 cases of 20-pounder Armstrong shot, for the guns ordered to be distributed to the forts and ships at Chatham. The Henry likewise brought a new ambulance waggon for the use of the sick troops at Fort Pitt Hospital. The Julia, screw gun-vessel, belonging to the first class steam reserve, was taken alongside the wharf at Chatham yesterday, and landed her 68. pounder guns, preparatory to receiving her 100-pounder Armstrongs, with which all the gunboats are to be armed. Among the many visitors to the Warrior at Portsmouth yesterday were Lord Palmerston, Rear Admiral Jones, and Mr. Bentinck, M.P. The throng of visitors to the ship continues undiminished. The Chesapeake, 50, screw, flag of Rear-Admiral Jones, whose arrival at Spithead from China was announced in The Sun of yesterday, remains at Spithead awaiting orders. The Chesapeake has made a beautiful run home. She has only been twelve days under steam. Her dates are—from Hong Kong, 22d May ; arrived at Singapore, Bth June, left 15th; arrived at the Mauritius, 6th July, left 10th; arrived at the Cape, 31st July,left Bth Aug.; arrived at St. Helena 22d, and left 24th; arrived at Ascension, 29th Aug., and left same day for England. It is not certain as to her being paid off at this port. The Emerald, 51, screw frigate, Captain Arthur Cumming, at Portsmouth, took in Armstrong guns yesterday in lieu of GS pouuders. Mr. W. 11. Ward, the inventor and patentee of the system of Ocean Marine Telegraph, now in use on board the ships of the Channel fleet, exhibited with the authority of the Admiralty at Portsmouth on Wednesday evening the mode of working the night signals portion of his system. The four lanterns, or rather signal lamps, which are used for the purpose were hung from the crossjackyard of the Shannon frigate, lying off the dockyard at her harbour moorings, and were read and answered from the platform of the King's Stairs, where Rear-Ad miral the Hon. George Grey, superientendent of the dockyard, and other officers were assembled. Mr. Ward, having seen his lamps fixed in a per pendicular position on board the Shannon, explained the mannerof their working to some seamen signal men that had been seat on board for the purpose from her Majesty's ships Warrior and Asia. So simple is the working of the signals that, on Mr. Ward being sent for on shore to explain his method to Rear-Admiral Grey, the men on board the Shan non, who had never before seen the lamps or their mode of working, signalled with them " Reef top sails," spelling each word through from the alpha betical code, as thus—showing one red and three white lights for "R," the change in the disposition of the lights each time representing a letter. The operator stands with four small lines in each hand, by pulling which he exhibits " White," "Red," or "Black," as required to give the letter, Numerals are given with three lamps. The whole of the lamps "flashed" by raising or lowering the screens quickly three times denote the end of a number, word, or sentence. This is simply accord- ing to the inventor's code, which simply N:elis each sentence trau,mitted, but the same alphabetical letters and numerals applied to the present Admi ralty vocabulary would not, perhaps, have a greater range, for that would be impossible, but it would convey professional sentences in an incredibly short time. Yesterday Mr. Ward submitted to Admiral Grey and Capt. Cochrane, one of his portable signal steer ing lamps, which, by exhibiting a red, green, or white light, conveys from forward to the quarter master at the . helin the order to " steady," " port," " starboard," as may be required, and which he acknowledges receiving by repeating the signal from a similar lamp in his possession at the wheel Preparations are making at Davenport Dock yard for the reception of his Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Constantine of Russia, who is about to visit Plymouth and the neighbourhood. The screw steam sloop Malacca, 17, Capt. G. Napier from Sheerness and Spithead, for the Cape of Good Hop e , put into Plymouth Sound yesterday morning fo r „ al. Duke or Somers tFi rs t Lord of the Admi ralty, accornplai,a by it e, ear-Admiral the Hon. Si r Frederick G rey , Le-B ~and Mr. Whitbread, M.P., left the Admiralty, Wh i tehall, yeste r d a y, t o p a y an official visit t o The Bombay, 81, 40 0 . ho _ n : has b r e 4 o c o power, li ne - o f-b a ttl e severalmonths on Chatham, kittin g for the second-class screw s teamer, which band at steam rese rve, left her moorings at Folly Point at 9 a.m. en gineer, yesterday, in. charge of Mr. Ler), n and steamed down to Sheerness eoz viously to going on a two days' trial t • u rip P ' Pre for th e purpose of testing her machinery. The following appointments have. been T w o, at the Adrniralty—E. APForlry, surron, additional, to the Nile; Francis Greene, asc:ist.-surg., to a va s t. Vincent; J. A. Slreoe, assist.-Qur,",.., to the Hero ; B. Ga5h,.,., . , to the Fisp;ard ; E. H. to Green wieb Hospital ; B. C. P. La T rcr-r;n, to Plymouth Hos pital; M. M. I‘ll•;rath, as'zist.-surg., to the Chat ham. Division of the Royal Ararines ; G. F. Elliott, assist.-surg., additional, to the Wellesley ; Dr. J. Paterson, assist. -sulk, additional, to the Victory ; J. N. Wilson, engineer, to the Cumberland, for the Lee ; J. T. Harris, acting first-class assist. engineer, to the Doterel ; W. H. Jenkins, acting engineer, to the Doterel; J. Ml Gregor, acting second-class assist-engineer, to the Doterel ; T. J. T. Wood, Paymaster, to the Victory. OFFICERS' NAME, Ii.ENIOVED FROM THE The folio NAVY LIST. wing officers' names have been removed from the official `list of the Royal navy during t he, past quarter for the causes assigned :-- Lieutenants—Cuthbert Le Mesurier, dismissed; Richard P. Fitzgerald, resigned; Godwin R. Bre ton, resigned; Alexander N. In , _;les, resignsii ; James E. N. Graham, name remov, d ; and Edwa rd St. J. Daniel, name removed. Surgeons—Andrew Darling, retired ; said Daniel Ritchie, name removed. Assistant Surgeon—lames Ferguson, M.D., re signed. Second Masters—R. F. Browne, name removed ; G. W. Grey, name removed; W. H. Willing, dis missed ; William M. Lowick, dismissed ; and Albert Carr, dismissed. Assistant Paymasters--James Inglis, dismissed ; Arthur B. Cumming, dismissed ; Davii J. Yeoman, dismissed ; Henry P. Houghton, dismissed ; and John E. Elsworthy, dismissed. QUARTERLY NAVAL OBITUARY. The following officers' deaths have been officially reported at the Admiralty during the past quar ter --- Admirals—The Hon. Sir Fleetwood B. R. Pel lew, Knight, K.C.H,, CM., and Sir Barrington. Reynolds, G.C.B. Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Herbert, K.C.B. Rear• Admiral the Hon. Frederick T. Pelham, C.B. Captains—William F. Glanville, Philip Gostling, John Macdonell, and Henry Boteler. Commanders—John 0. Bathurst, Henry Parry, Richard B. Bowden, John Petley, James Valobra, Thomas Mitchell (a), Lacy Dickenson, Francis D. Lauzun, John T. Utlay, Benjamin Lewis, Thomas Francillon, James Chapman, Matthew O'Hea, Richard Brunton, William White (b), and William Miller. Lieutenants—Robert B, Beale, Edmund J. Squire, James Simpson (a), William Radford, S. Wilkin-. son, and H. W. Harvey. Masters—C. I. Parker, C. A. Cleveland, H. A. Martin, W. Rickman, R. Thompson (b), John Per riam, andJ. Rundle. Surgeons—R. T. 'Easton, T. Fisher, W. Clayton, S. M. Madden, and John Gannon. Assistant - Surgeons—Michael M'Grath, R. M'Donnell, T. B. Martin, U. F. Wise, E. T. Ruffey, and John Rogers. Paymasters—H. W. Rowestone, W. Ellis, W. T. Biddlecombe, W. H. Hills, and A. Barren. Naval Instructor—Joseph L. Hodgson, M.A. Assistant-Paymasters—A. D'Albert Anson, and J. G. Francklvn. Royal Marines—General W. H. Conolly ; Cap tains D. G. James and J. bowman ; First Lieu tenant John Ede; Second Lieutenants J. W. Clap porton, J. Jackson, W. DaTis, and J. Barry. of Egypt and its Dependencies: THE SUN, LONDON, fiIUTISDAY EVENING, ocro3Eß, '3, 1861. gins, but of improved hand or treadle gins, such as those, a model of which will shortly he for warded to your Highness by the Cotton Supply As sociation. A very great amount of labour will be saved by their extensive lap oduction into the coun try, and I am assured by the people with whom I have spoken in every district I have passed through that they will be glad to purchase them. Improved means of packing or pressing cotton are also re quired, but those will follow the introduction of bet ter means of cleaning, and prove a great saving in the cost of transit. I would especially press upon the attention of your Highness the fact which I have been most desirous to be informed upon, namely, that the cultivation of the American or New Orleans class of cotton is emi nently adapted to the soil of Egypt. For this class of cotton the demand in the markets of Europe may be said to be unlimited, at least the demand is con stant and increasing as compared with that of Egyp tian cotton, of which some 80,000 bales only were required by England last year, and England con sumed much more than all other counties put toge gether. I found that 3001 b may be taken as the extreme product ion of Egyptian cotton, not less than 6001 b have been grown per feddan from American seed sent out by the association I represent. A sample of this cotton was valued in Liverpool at Bd. per lb. The average of the Egyptian may be taken at 10d. to 1 ld. per lb. It would therefore appear to be the interest of your highness, as well as that of the great landed proprietors of this country, to test the question whether it would not answer to encourage the cultivation of the Ameri can variety side by side with the Egyptian, leaving it to time to determine which of the two is to be preferred. And in the event of a serious falling short in the supply from America during the next two or three years, the greatest benefit would be conferred by its speedy introduction as a staple product of your highness's dominions. There is an obvious need on most of the farms I visited of more intelligent supervision and general management, and there is ample room for the in troduction of a large number of overseers and managers, having a practical knowledge of agricul- ture on modern principles. The establishment of a company under the auspices, or with the known approbation of your highness, for the introduction of capital at a rea sonable rate of interest, might go far to remedy many of the wants I have already pointed out. Such an association by its agents, who must be men of high integrity, would speedily discover all, and many more than those deficiencies already adverted to, and, if properly supported under an efficient managing directory, would in the course of a few years bring about a great revolution and improve ment in the agriculture and cotton trade of Egypt. No one can traverse the vast farming regions of Egypt without being struck with the fertility and exuberant productiveness of the soil. Egypt may be said to be one vast farm, and might readily be made one vast garden ; her people rich and her treasury inexhaustible. Before closing this imperfect sketch of a most inte resting tour, I beg to assure your Highness that both myself and Br. Fo r b es , w h o accom p an i e d me, are fully alive to the obligation you have conferred upon us by granting so many facilities for expediting our journey—not only by railway, but by placing at our disposal one of your Highness's steamers on the Nile. It is my duty also to report that Souliman Effendi, whom your Highness commissioned to accompany us on our tour, has rendered to us the utmost assist ance in his power in pursuit of our mission, and no thing has been wanting on his part to afford us hospitality on your Highness's behalf. I tender also the best thanks of the Cotton Sup ply Association, as well as of the cotton trade of the United Kingdom, for the attention you have paid to the subject of their memorial, as also for the personal kindness you have shown to Dr. Forbes and myself.--I have the honour to be, your High ness's most obedient servant, (Signed) G. R. HAYWOOD. To his Highness Mohamed Said Pasha, Viceroy THE AR2III Yesterday morning H,R.H. the General Com manding-in-Chief, accompanied by Major-Gen. Lord W. Paulet, C. 8., Sir R. Airey, Quartermaster- General; Major the Hon. F. Keane, Assist.-Adjt.- Gen., Royal Engineers; Col. Bingham, Deputy- Adjt..Gen., Royal Artillery; Col. - Ward, Royal Artillery, on the Staff, and other officers, rode out from Portsmouth, at 8 a.m., to Hillsea and Ports down to inspect the new lines of defence and forts there, as also the new barracks, now nearly com pleted, at Hillsea for the accommodation of an addi tional battery of field artillery. On returning to Portsmouth his Royal Highness embarked in the steam yacht Fire Queen, Master Commander Paul, and crossing over to the Isle of Wight paid a visit to the Grand Duke Constantine of Russia, at Bin stead, near Ryde. The parade of the troops for re view by the Duke of Cambridge was ordered for 3.30 p.m., and shortly before the time they were drawn up on Soathsea-common in line of contiguous columns at qnarter distance, right in front. — The grand total of the troops on the ground was 204 officers, 3,974 non-commissioned officers and men ; 92 horses, six guns, and six waggons. There were, besides, Volunteers on the ground, who amounted to about 350 officers and men, representatives of the 2d Hants Artillery and 6th Hants Rifles, the former under the command of Capt.-Commandant E. Galt, and the latter under Lieut.-Col. Valiancy. Punc tually the Duke, attended by Quartermaster-Gen. Sir Richard Airey and other officers, arrived on the ground, and was received by the troops, with Major Gen. Lord Paulet at their head, with a general salute. The Grand Duke Constantine was also pre- sent in a private character. The force marched past in quick time, first in open and afterwards in close column, the field battery with its magnificent ches nut horses leading. Next came the 6th brigade of Royal Artillery, just returned from foreign service, a fine body, steady and compact in their marching. " God save the Queen," from the bands massed to gether opposite the saluting point, heralded the ap proach of the 2(1 Queen's, just arrived from Indian service. Next came the 2d battalion 18th Royal Irish, a regiment bearing a high character for dis cipline in garrison. The 49th came after the 18th, and marched, as they might have been expected to do after their course of Aldershot instruction. The 24th, another Indian regiment, followed the 49th, and deserved equal praise for carriage and steadi ness. The Royal Marine Light Infantry followed. It is a wonder that this corps should march by so steadily, considering how often it is broken up into detachments doing duty on board ship—a place certainly not suited to fit for parade or battalion movements. The sth Fusiliers closed the line of regulars. They have also returned bat recently from India, and went past in steady, unwavering lines. The 2d Hants Artillery Volunteers, and the sth and 6th Hants Rifle Volunteers, brought the line to a close. These troops—except the regular and Volunteer Garrison Artillery, who marched off the ground to man the guns. mounted on the works —took up ground in columns at quarter distance. Advancing by battalions in echelon the force was threatened with en attack by cavalry, and throwing the battalions in squares, with artillery on the right, a hot fire was opened from right to left, concluding with a volley from the squares. The enemy's cavalry being supposed to have been repulsed in their attack, column was re-formed. The 2cl and 18th Regiments next deployed in line facing the edge of the beach, changing front, and opening a heavy and lengthened file fire, the guns from the fortress and Southsea Castle opening at the same time, the 49th deploying into line into skirmishing order on the left flank of the force, and the main body deploying into two lines. The enemy having been beaten off the main body advanced in line, with skirmishers in front, and second line moving up in support. The Rifle Volunteers occupied the left of the advanced line, the Royal Marine Light Infantry being in reserve. The skirmishers being called in the ad vanced line took ground to the right, and heavy firing along its extent, with the field artillery on its right, assisted also by tne heavy ordnance of South sea Castle, told that the action was becoming serious. The resistance was useless in opposing the advance of the enemy, and over the ground where they had lately passed, now wreathed in smoke, the advanced lineretired, covered by the Rifle Volunteers, passing through the second line by companies of fours to the rear. The enemy appeared to follow up their ad vantage vigorously, for the Volunteers were called in at the "double," and passed through the line to the rear; a furious fire being opened along the line to check the enemy's advance, which was, however, fruitless, and the line • again retired, covered again by the Rifle Volnnteera. T;le fil:irminhers were soon sounded to the " elose,'P And ra 'quares formed to resist ano th er a tt ac k o f cava l ry, a hea# Y:lir Iring• aga • in opened, in which the guns en the worka of the fortress joined. The enemy had, however, po3:;ession of the field, and the troops retired i ns id e the walls of the fortress, covered by artillery and the Royal Marine Light Infantry, the retiring columns lining the ramparts of the fortifi cations and maintaining a hot fire from there upon the enemy, to cover the retreat of the remainder of the troops within the works, which was at length effected ; and the enemy, master of the battlefield. but foiled in his attempts to enter the works,' was compelled, as was supposed, to retire to a certain strategical distance from the fortress. At the close his Royal Highness addressed the troops briefly inthe place darnies of the garrison, the Governor's green. of the troopu composing the garArilt:ori(rd no aj of Chatham eh flc at ;4 4 - a day mtook place on Chatham-lines yesterday afternoon, in tl - ..0 presence of a numerous body of spectators. The troops marched to the lines by various routes, and 11,tre formed in the centre at 3 o'clock. On the arri.val of Major-General Eyre, atteanded by his Str e ft; the whole force gave a general salute, after which they broke i n t o co l umns of compani es , and • time. Th e y ,narched past in sl ow an d qu i c k next . executed a variety of ma noeuvres incidental t o a / irim o ade field-day, all of w hi c h were gone through Shortly bef with great steadiness and p rec i s i on . ire 5 o'clock they returned to their quarters. Grmerr.t Sir Richard Dacres, commanding at iVo•Jlw'Lch, accompanied by Commodore Sir F. Niiholson, superintendent of the dockyard, and the P,eneral's military staff, yesterday made his annual official inspection of the powder magazine on the river and inland. On returning to Woolwich they landed at the dockyard, went on board the Trusty, and inspected Capt. Coles's revolving battery shield. After their inspection some photographic sketches were taken of the shield, exhibiting with perfect accuracy its battered condition, and the numerous shot marks, produced by the 68-pounder siege and 100-pounder Armstrong guns during the pounding at Shoebnryncss. The result of the experiments, it appears, has been favourably considered by the Duke 07,' Somerset and the full Board of Admiralty, as it - was yesterday announced at Woolwich that one or more ships will be forthwith accommodated to Capt. Coles's principle of armament, each vessel to be iron-cased, and to be fitted with six shielded batteries of six guns each. The following changes of station, &c., have re cently taken place in the Royal Engineers : Colonels Renwick to the Cape of Good Hope, and Hodden. to Ceylon. Lieutenant-Colonels—Whit tingham, ordered from Canada to Jamaica; Robert fon, to Canada ; Browne, C. 8., from leave, returned to head-quarters as field officer for military discip line; and Graham, from Chatham to Shorncliffe. Captains—Pasley, removed to Gravesend to relieve Captain Stare, now on sick leave; Pelley, from Gibraltar to Sandhurst; Fyers, from Chatham to Malta; Drake, from Malta to Devonport ; Haw thorn, from Chatham to Gibraltar; Kerr to Ber muda, to command the 26th company; and Mal colm, ordered home from China. Lieutenants— Jones, ordered to Malta ; Engledue, from Graves end to the Cape of Good Hope; Salmord, from Chatham to Gibraltar ; Campbell, from Chatham to Malta; Tarbet, from Chatham to Shorneliffe ; Mackenzie, from London district to Dover; Vetch from Shorncliffe, and Peters from Portsmouth, to head-quarters; Sandford, from leave to Guernsey; Courtney, ordered home from China; and Smith from the Cape of Good Hope. A large number of workmen are now employed by the contractor, Mr. Naylor, on the new barracks at Gravesend, which are to be completed in Feb ruary next. Lieutenants Pope and Munro, of the Royal Indian Artillery, have taken up their appointments as additional officers to the Gentlemen Cadet Com pany at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich ; and the undermentioned officers, recently trans ferred from the Indian service to the Royal Artil lery, have been stationed as follows :—Lieutenant- Colonels J. Smyth, C. 8., and Brougham, Second Captain F% Lloyd, Lieutenants C. H. Barnes and C. R. Buckle, at Woolwich ; Captain Hutchinson, at Shoeburyness ; Second Captain C. Roberts and Lieutenant T. Ritchie, at Sheerness ; Captain Sir W. Hamilton, Second Captain Wilson, :and Lieu tenant It. Stevenson, at Warley ; and Second Cap tain Campbell, at Aldershot. COTTON CULTURE IN EGYPT. The following communication was addressed to the Viceroy of Egypt by Mr. G. It. llay wood, se• cretary of the Cotton Supply Association, during his stay in that country : Cairo, August 9,18(1. Your Highness,—Having been requested by your Highness to report to you my impressions on visit ing several of the cotton districts of your dominions, I have been exceedingly struck with the vast re sources, both of soil and labour, available for cotton cultivation in Egypt. It has been strikingly evident to me that in every district I visited immense tracts of coun try lie entirely uncultivated, or the cultivation is so indifferent as to require only a very moderate application of capital, combined with better supervision, to render them capable of producing a supply of cotton adequate to the wants of the chief markets of Europe. I have noted, also, from the information I have . , derived both from the extensive proprietors and from the lesser fellahs (common farmers), that a very much larger extent of land is under cultiva tion this year than during any period since cotton has been cultivated iu Egypt. The appearance of the crops is, for the most part, healthy and hisshly promising. One of the finest fields, up wards of 400 acres in extent, through which I passed, forming a portion of the estate of Mithalef (in the province of Rhoda), appeared to surpass anything I observed elsewhere, The height of the plants is from 3 feet 6 inches to 4 feet, bearing well. lam informed that the average produce of this estate is from 3001 b. to 4001 b. per acre of clean cotton ; say, on an average, I,ooolb. of cotton in the seed. For some time past a system of classification of cotton has been pursued on this and on the estates of several larger cultivators, which has had a most beneficial effect; the cotton being picked chiefly by children, who are tatight.to discriminate the cotton into three qualities. They are paid accord ing to their skill, and the proprietor realises for his cotton several dollars per cantar more than the majority of other producers. This is a matter of the utmost importance; and when the system is extensively adopted by the smaller cultiva tors, will tend immensely to their advantage, and also to stimulate an improved produc tion. No soil in the world can surpass that of Egypt for this special culture, but there is great room for tho introduction of a better class of implements than those now in use, which are of the rudest possible description. The people who have the skill to produce the results now visible from the use of such implements would speedily raise their condition, if taught and encouraged to employ those of more modern construction, which would both save much time and labour— or, in other words, increase their limited capital. The area of country through which we passed has been many thousand square miles in extent, the whole of which is one continuous level, watered in every part during some months of ae year by the rudest irrigating machines. Up wards of 40,000 takeas, or water wheels, most clumsy in construction, are employed in irri g ating the land; and, costing on an averags £5O each, they represent a capital of great amount, and prove the value set by the people on adequate means of irri gation. Capital ,directed to purposes of irrigation would therefore prove adequately remunerative in Egypt, inasmuch as irrigation is employed not only upon cotton, but in raising corn and many other products. In my interview with your Highness, you advanced the opinion that the great want in this country was an improved system of advances to enable the poorer classes of cultivators to farm their lands at a moderate rate of interest of money, In this opinion I now fully concur; upon inquiry I find that advances to the cultivators cost them from 4to 6 per nper month, or from 60 to 70 p er annum,cent.per cet. while at the same time I learn that little or no loes is experienced by the lenders through nou-fulfilment of contracts. This is deplorable as regards the cultivation, and calls for the introduction of a better system, at our The suggestion made by your Ilighues; interview, and which 1 have already reported to my constituents, as to the formation of a cotton bank, or some similar organisation, whi c h s h a ll make advances at from 1 to 2 per cent. per month, appears to me to be founded on a just and politic view of the necessities of the fellah. Moreover, the af;suraneti of your highness that such a company should havo the full weight of your powerful influence in giving effect to its operations, by guaranteeing, through the governors of thelocal districts, the equitable fulfilment of contracts, in one which will be folly appreciated by the capital ists of England ; and I am informed that , men of influence in Alexandria itself are already prepared to co-operate in any well-advised plan for carrying this important suggestion into practical effect. Moreover, I learn that there are already in ope ration in this country no less than 600 or 700 Mac arthy gins worked by steam power, many of them the property of the Pashas; the remainder being worked by enterprising Europeans of different coun tries. I found well-built factories in various districts, and some in course of preparation for cleaning the able; and cotton crop. • Mc out-tuna of these machines is very consider -ohwasnerbse.en,! as far as I can learn, their employment Nfeovuenl l exceedlngly ptofitable to the of Egypt yet e'reaTe'dt b htee-foarths. of the cotton room for the introduction of native construction. T y he the . common hand-gins re to, therefore, great not only of power AGRICULTURAL PROGRESS OF IRELAND. LONDONDERRY, SEPTEMBER. In Tyrone and Derry the occupier of a 30 acre or average sized farm lives on his holding in a good house, with sitting-room, beside kitchen and dairy, and three bedrooms; he has a stable for two or three horses, a house for a few cows, a barn, and perhaps a cart-shed. Many have fixed horse-power thrashing mills ; in one parish are more than 20, most of them upon farms of about 40 acres each. Portable steam-machines however, are wanted. Iron swing ploughs and harrows have become uni versal ; and grubbers, either Tenant's or similar implements, are used for cleaning between potato rows and for crossing ploughed land. At the Lon donderry meeting three years ago one Scotch firm sold £4,000 worth of implements. Green crops arc sown by the drill, but grain generally broadcast; and the autumn-eleaning of stubbles, begun by the larger and more advanced farmers, is being followed by the smaller cultivators, when they perceive how potatoes may be thus planted early in March, and ripen before the disease has attained its full virulence. The first crop after the lea is oats ; then the manured green crop, swedes, mangolds, which are few in this chill, wet latitude, or potatoes ; these set in drills or ridges. The roots are not fed off by sheep, the wetness of the ground and the climate being thought unadapted for them ; but. perhaps, the principal reason may be that this is a til lage, flax, and batter country, and the farmers have never been flock-masters. Then comes flax, the peculiar feature in the.husbandry of these northern districts. It is not manured for, because the crop would grow too rank and be spoiled ; yet the land must be in good heart. Neither is flax thought an exhausting crop, and, if a full heavy yield, is cleansing to the land. It is pulled when the straw is in the best condition for fibre, which is before the seed is ripe, and, no means of artificial drying of the green seed for feeding purposes having been adopted, an immense value is every year sacrificed by steeping it in the straw—being thus entirely wasted, except by some of the most thrifty farmers. Yet in Flanders and Courtray, whence the best flax is imported, the seed is saved. The flax straw, steeped in ponds, and dried upon grass, is taken to neighbouring mills to be scutched and made ready for Strabane, Derry, and other markets, there being very many of these small water-power mills, em ploying some four to eight men each, and commonly attached to farms. The old-fashioned open-air steeping and spreading yield a better fibre than is obtained by Schenck 's hot-water rotting ; and Watts's still more modern steaming process has other objections, arising in the manufacture of the linen. Some 140,000 acres of flax are grown in Ire land, mainly in the northern counties, and yet only partially supply the Belfast factories. In England, where a peculiarly fine quality is obtained, the cul ture would probably be greatly extended had the farmer some means simpler than the tiresome steeping and scutching of reducing the bulk and weight of the crop for carriage to tnarket; and Messrs. Rowan, of Belfast, have lately brought out a novel and successful, yet cheap machine for this purpose. Flax is a precarious, but generally a pay ing, and frequently a lucrative crop—realising from £5 up to, and exceeding, £25 per acre. After it oats or wheat is taken, the latter yielding 150 to 160 stones per statute acre on an average, the weight 611 b. per bushel. The grain crop is laid down with clover or ryegrass, &c., which is mown for hay one year; grazed another, and then broken up for oats. The small farmers are wonderfully frugal and in dustrious, themselves and their families doing most of the farm work, and some having in addition boarded servants, others employing a labOurer or two. They pick up every rural penny from milk, butter, poultry, eggs; they are devoted to careful husbandry and housewifery, eager to save; only the more important farmers living above the customary fare of potatoes, oatmeal, Indian corn, stirabout, a few herrings, and an occasional treat of bacon or, perhaps, real butchers' meat. The class is thriving, and many individuals, occupying their 20 acres of ground, have their few-hundred pounds out at inte rest, and ate on the look-out for an additional farm. The common rent for fair tillage laud is 255. to 30s. per Cunningham acre, which obtains here—equiva lent to 20s. to 235. per statute acre—the landlord paying the tithe; so that this fine district might be considered as much under-rented. Then another circumstance in favour of the tenant is that, in most cases, he enjoys security of tenure without being burdened with, reetrici ions as to manage ment. The 'smallest holdings, rented below £l2 or £l4'a year, are - not under lease, at least not on the Marquis of Abercorn's property; above this, perhaps, two out of three have leases ; and good land, or a large farm, is seldom held from year to year. A lease for2l years, or 31 years, or 31 years and a life, specifies that a tenant shall pay his rent; it reserves minerals and game (of which there is very little in the country), and for bids subletting ; but no covenants stipulate how he shall crop, in what rotation he shall leave his farm, or even that he shall manage in a business like manner. But the usage of the country gives the outgoing tenant a compensation for improve.- meat, and, should the landlord find his ground damaged and left "a caput mortutene," " the law is open ; let them implead one another." Could farms of sufficient magnitude be obtained un these terms, the tenants would consider themselves in a very in dependent position indeed. And tenants-at-will are t rarely turned out except for non payment of rent, or occasionally when a property changes. hands : and sons almost invariably succeed their fathers. We have mentioned compensation for unexhAtiotea improvements. Now, the custom of paying for seed and 'labour, for " dressingS and half-dressings." a share of the artificial manures, the oilcake bill, Sze., is not found here ; but the out-going tenant in No vember sells off all his crops, corn and straw, roots and hay, disposes of any manure by valuation to the incomer, and any unexhausted tillages, 8:2 , or im provements in the condition of the land go to raise the figure of the sum claimed for the right of oceu patiow,—the peculiar " tenant-right" of the North of Ireland. In a country where all the farmhouses, buildings, frequently even fences, roads, and drains, have, as a rule, been erected and formed by the tenantry, the proprietor only assisting with mate rials in some cases, it is not at all surprising that you should have to pay an outgoing tenant a handsome amount when succeeding to his occupation—a sum that will fetter your application of a fair capital per acre to the business of cultivation, unless you pos sess funds enough to be tenant and virtually part proprietor too. Accordingly, from eight to 14 on an average, and up to 17 and 20 years' rent (say £4OO or £5OO for 30 acres), is commonly given for the good will of a farm. - Whether a lease exists or not makes scarcely a perceptible difference in the amount paid. AL•jor Humphreys (Lord Abercorn's agent) has known £6OO given for the right to occupy 65 statute acres under a yearly tenancy. Such is the excessive affection or grasping for land that men pay 10 years' purchase of the rent for ground in altogether bad condition, or, indeed, almost any sum, quite irre spective of what the quality or value of the soil may be, merely for the sake of a place in which to settle a son, or to gain a home, and avoid being ex pelled by want of a livelihood out of the district loved from their youth up; and so tenaciously is the right of occupancy held that a defaulter of a year or two's rent, put out of his farm in consequence, will still obtain a handsome sum for his interest in the holding, the incoming tenant generally agree ing to pay up the back rent out of his tenant•right. Major Humphreys has endeavoured. to bend the usage to a more reasonable form, limiting the sum payable where a tenant has been turned out for non payment of rent, and so on, but tenants make the old-fashioned bargains with each other after con forming to his conditions. The Earl of Belmore, the Marquis of Abercorn, and other noblemen, have large properties. In 1846 the Marquis obtained a £12,000 loan from the Board of Works, and expended it in under-drainage. For years he gave premiums to a large amount for the best crops of turnips, encouraged improved hus bandry, extended rotation-cropping among his te3- antry ; the fruit of these labours being now seen in the comparatively forward condition of the agricul ture on his estate. At Baronscourt, near Strabane, the Marquis has also a home farm of 1,000 acres, chiefly in tillage, with two sets of steadings, fur nished with every appliance of advanced modern husbandry for steam-thrashing, cattle-farming, manure-making, &c., on a large and model scale. We have said little of the class of large tenant farmers; but there are many scattered through a large district. Some are noted as breeders of supe rior shorthorns ; others for their pre-eminence in growing green crops and in general farm manage ment, assisting by their energy and public spirit the valuable operations of the local four-counties Agri cultural Association, and other institutions for pro moting northern husbandry. On the banks of the river Foyle, and upon the richly woodeL and culti vated hills forming the beautiful country between Strabane and Londonderry, are many farms of con siderable extent, ornamented with quite gentle- manly residences. I visited the occupation of Mr. M'Crea, of Grange, who has built largely, drained much of his land, and embanked a wide tract of good marsh soil from the broad river, here rising with a 10-feet tide, and all this on the strength of a 31 years' lease. On this warp soil, worth 40s. per acre, he produces remarkably fine swedes and pota toes, the latter having been preserved free from dis ease before this year by early cutting off the haulm and earthing over the drills. His corn crops are sown with the drill, but not hoed, as it would loosen the ground too much about the roots, and wheat is never taken after clover, as on this fine alluvial level it would be sure to mildew. Mr. John M'Crea also farms to a considerable extent, having also recently taken a tract of cut-away bog at a low but increas ing rent, for conversion into good ground. The method of reclamation is to make bricks of the bared clay, burning them with the portion of peat left, and then the bottom, being high enough for good drainage, soon becomes fine land. Labourers here earn 7s. 6i, a week the year through, with an allowance of a rood or more of ground for potatoes, but pay rent for their cottages. Lord Abereorn's men have 9s. a week all the year, with cottages free. The cottages in this country are generally good, but all on the ground floor. They look none the worse for the fuchsias, nasturtiums, rose trees, &c., which are a happy indication of taste and decency on the part of the inmates. POLICE IN2ELLIr'TBNCE, Oct. 2. WESTMINSTER.—TaE LATE MURDER IN WESTMINSTER.—SeveraI declarations, on the sub ject of the late murder in Westminster, were ten dered to Mr. Arnold, for his signature, by Mr. Bury Hutchinson, solicitor. Mr. Arnold inquired their object, and how he could take them Mr. Hutchinson replied that the object of malting the declarations was, that they might accompany a petition now in preparation to the Secretary of State, to procure a remission of the capital sentence against the convict William Maloney, in corrobora tion of its contents. From the information of which he was in possession, he could show, by declara tions, that the principal witness, Saunders, was guilty of perjury. Mr. Arnold observed that, if the Secretary of State thought there were any grounds for such an imputation, he would respite the culprit upon me morial, without declarations. Mr. Hutchinson said that either eight or ten persons whom he could call were perjured if Saun ders were not ; they were not called upon the trial, as they would have raised so many collateral issues. Mr. Arnold could not see that he could take such declarations as those now placed before him. Mr. Hutchinson suggested that he was placed in some difficulty in the matter; he could not make affidavits in the ordinary way and thus confirm the contents of the petition to the Secretary of State, because there was no cause pending; and he had therefore resorted to the present coarse, deeming it was the only one left to him, and having been in formed that the proceeding was admissible. Mr. Arnold.could not see what validity or force they could have, or that he had any right to take them, but for some , statutory purpose. Mr. Hutchinson urged that it was not uncommon to take declarations respecting certificates of birth, or with reference to titles to estates. Mr. Arnold pointed out that if he had no power by law to take such declaration, there could be no assignment of perjury sustained against ;he person making it. Mr. Hutchinson expressed himself most anxious to confirm the petition he was about to send to the Home Office. Mr. Arnold thought that if the statements re ferred to were sent in, they would have as mu c h weight as though declared before a magistrate. Mr. Hutchinson intimated that that would be asking the Secretary to place the same reliance upon mere statement, as evidence which had been given upon oath. Mr. Arnold repeated that he did not consider himself justified in reo:Aving the declarations be fore him, nor should he be disposed to accept such as had been mentioned respecting matters of birth and title. Mr. Hutchinson still pressed the matter, as the petition to the Home Secretary would be strength ened by the assertion that the testimony of Saun ders had been contradicted by the declaration of parties, which in its ordinary application was equi valent by statute to an oath. Mr. Arnold called Mr. Hutchinson's attention to the fact that where ho could not have heretofore taken an affidavit he could not now take a declara tion. Mr. Hutchinson solicited permission to append to the petition that the accompanying statements had been submitted to the magistrate as declarations, but in his judicial capacity he had declined to take them. Mr. Arnold had no objection to such a course, and added that, if the authorities at the Home office thought he ought to receive them as declara tions he would do so. Mr. Hutchinson thanked the magistrate and retired. G RE E WI CR. —Ex TR AO lIDIIIAItY CITATtGE 01/ SHOOTING At AN ENG IN E •DRIVER.—NAItItOW ESCA FT.—Henry Hayes, a young man, 19 years of age, residing at 6, Mill-lane, Blue Anchor-road, Bermondsey, and describing himself as a dyer, was charged with wilfully shooting at Thomas Mockitt while driving an engine on the London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway. Mr. Inspector Carpenter attended on behalf of the company, and said the charge was preferred against the prisoner under the 6th section of the act 14 and 15 Vic., cap. 19, which e nacts, o That if any person shall wilfully and maliciously do, or cause to be done, any matter or thing with intent to obstruct, upset, injure, or destroy any carriage, engine, tender, or truck using such railway,, or to endanger the safety of any person travelling or being upon such railway, every such offender shall be guilty of felony, and, being convicted thereof, shall be liable, at the discretion of the Conrt, to be transported beyond the seas for the term of his natural life, or for any term not less than seven years, or to be imprisoned, with or without hard labour, for any term not exceeding three years." He then allied Thomas Mockitt, who said ho resided at 45, Cheapside, - Bright°ll, and was an eilgina-driver in the employ of the London, Brighton, and South ' Coast ltaitway Company. About five o'clock on the afternoon of Monday, the 23d ult., he left New cross statio a with a train of empty carriages for London, anti when between the Bricklayers' Arms Junction anti. the Corbett-lane signal-box, he saw a man whom h a believed to be prisoner, on the bank on the east ie of the line, with a gun in his hand, which he put to his shoulder and aimed in the direction of tlh 3 engine on which he ( w it ness ) was standing, pushing the train at the end. The man then lowered th e gun, and again putti ng i t to hi s shoulder, and painting engine, fired it oi T. Witness beard the shot strike the boiler of the c ngine, and also the board placed in front of the ent 't'ine to protect the driver f rom the weather, and at the same time felt him se lf struck under the eh:D. On putting his hand t o hi s chin he found bloot; 1 . coming from it ; the shot grazing, but not enter. ing the flesh. In reply to the magistrate, the witness said that the weather-board of the engine was only five or six inches from where he was standing. The shots were very much scattered, carrying away part of the paint-work . , ttnd indenting the paint of the boiler at the side into the metal. Inspector Carpenter said that at one part the paint-work had be en struck and completely car ried away. Detective Officer ,Ilughes, M division, had been watching for the prisoner since Monday last. Witness apprehended him at half-past six that morning, and on telling him with what he was charged, the prisoner said ho did not shoot at the traith Witness told the prisoner he had dis charged the gun, when, he replied that he did not shoot at anything. The prisOner, in answer to the magistrate, ad mitted firing the gun a t some small bird, but denied having presented the gun at the engine or train. Mr. Traill said the proceedings taken against the prisoner rendered necessary a prosecution at the sessions, as he could not undertake to deal summarily with such a. case. He should there fore remand the prisoner for a week, but he would accept bail, if it could, be procured, for his ap pearance. The prisoner was r emoved in custody. 211 E EILS lON MURDER. The post-mortem ex amination has been made, and the conclusion of ;the surgeons leave no doubt that death arose from the pressure of the poker upon the throat, producing strangulation. On Tuesday asixth pr isoner was apprehended ; he had been "out of the w© y" from the time when the robbery was discovered ; but returned to the town during the afternoon of Tuesday. When he was apprehended he said it was " all right," and that he was "going to g ive himself up." The police ";want" only one other• man to complete the arrest of the whole gang ; an.d this arrest is supposed to be a question of only a few hours. Maddocks is a ret arned convict. He was sent out for five years ab out seven years ago, and has, therefore, been back I Avo years. The post mortem examination, at the se ame time that it reveals the cause of death, shows also that the deceased offered considerable resistanc:e before he died, for there are evidences of injury to the spine which could not have existed on Sat urday night. The prisoners were removed from Bilston to the county gaol at Stafford yesterday. During the time that they were being manacled in the police-station Lilley indulged in great rib aldry. Taking hold of the escort chain by which they were to be connected in companies, he placed it round Jukes's neck, and interlarding his expressions with oaths, h e sa id, " This is the way they will hang you up when they get you to Stafford." He then indulged in libidi nous expressions re) ative to his liasons in that town, told the pollee; they had got " a good catch," gave regimental con nands to the other prisoners, and was driven from the station in a cab shouting "We are off to Cl arlestown." Jones seemed to have lost mnchof theconfidence which he displayed before the magistra. tes, and Lilley's buffoonery scarcely extorted even the sorriest smile from them. With the exception .of Lilley, all the prisoners are beginning more than ever to feel the very serious position in which they are placed. Against Jones, who is a returned convict, and whose proper name is Mullighan, the evidence is very strong. It is the knee of his trousers that corresponds with the marks in the cellar. In his possession was found some studs that had belonged to the deceased; and at the time of his arrest he had soot upon his hand which corresponded with the blackened face of the murdered man. This sooty hand was remarked upon by the sergeant of police, but the prisoner de clined to account for it, and when he was again brought up from his cell, he had washed the sooty hand cleaner than the other. So great is the fear which the inhabitants of Bilston are suffering, that they have memorialised the commissioners of the town to call a public meeting to ennsitior the hest stops to be taken to obtain the security of life and property in the township (luring the night. The Chairman has called the meeting for Tues day evening next. There is a project for forming a tradesmen's patrol. FIUGIIT.FUL DOUBLE .31URDB.R. The Cape of Good Hope papers bring intelligence of a frightful tragedy which took place at the village of Tnlbagh. A coloured man, named Andries Patis, called at the house of Mr. C. J. Botma, who resideal on some property belonging to the independent Dutch Reformed Church, and had charge of a water-mill, also the property of the church. It ap pears that Mr. Botma, his wife, and their only child, an infant of seventeen months, had retired to rest some time before Patis called. The man, however, roused Mr. Botma, and informed him that Mr. Marais (who owns the adjoining farm, and in whose employ Patis had been for some time), had sent him to request Mr. Botma to go for a doctor, as Mr. Marais's child was ill. Mr. Botma, contrary to the advice of his wife, immediately rose, and accom panied Patis. On reaching a gloomy part of the road, surrounded by trees and shrubs, Yetis, who must have been walking behind Mr. Botma, dealt his unsuspecting companion a blow with a poplar stick on the side of the head, and right across the temple, instantly depriving his victim of life. Leaving the murdered man weltering in his blood, Patis returned to the house and knocked at the door. Mrs. Botma, thinking it was her . husband, opened the door and said, " How is it you have returned so soon ?" She then lit a candle, and found the per- Boit she had admitted was not her husband. Pads said, "I have waited some time for an opportunity, but I have this night found it." He immediately seized her and threw her to the ground, and most violently ill-used her. She tried to escape from him, when he again threw her to the ground, and then completed his second brutal assault, leaving her in the most excruciating pain. Ho then de manded the money that was in the house, and his trembling victim pointed to the wooden box in which her husband, of whose death she was of course unconscious, kept his cash. Patis broke open the box and abstracted the money, and then left the house. He still remained close to the door, how ever, and when the unfortunate woman attempted to By to the protection of a neighbour the brute kicked her back. Ultimately she did succeed in getting away, and fled, clasping her infant in her arms, and closely pursued by Patis, towards the next house. The murderer came up with her, threw her and the infant to the ground, and then inflicted on her two frightful wounds, the one being a cut on the back of the neck, from ear to ear ' and the other being from the breast to the left ear. Mrs. Botma's arm was also fractured, though whether this was done during the struggle in the house, or when the last deadly attack was made on her, it is of course impossible to say. Loss of blood, fright, or exhaustion, or probably all these causes com bined, rendered" the poor creature insensible, and the murderer, no doubt believing her to bo dead, took his departure. In the course of that fearful night the sufferer revived, and saw her child play ing with its mother's blood. She was, however, too weak to call for assistance, even if her screams could have been heard, and so in this sad plight she lay till daybreak; her child, dabbled and splashed with blood, crying itself to sleep in the meanwhile. Soon after daybreak Mrs. Botma was discovered by some boys, lying insensible, and :frightfully mutilated. She was removed to her own house and her infant taken care of, and when the poor woman recovered consciousness she was interrogated as to the perpetrator of the outrage. She stated that it was Patis, and a num ber of persons at once proceeded to Mr. Ma ra i s ' farm and arrested the ruffian, who had, as usua l , gone quietly about his work. Mrs. Bottna's statement was amply corroborated by marks of blood upon the prisoner's garments. A c l asp _ knife known to be his property, was found in his victim's house, and it was stained with bl ood. Patis's pipe was found on Mr. Ilotma's premises, and the latter's money-box was found broken open near Mr. Marais' vineyard. It had been r ifl e d of the con tents, with the exception of a cheque for 4''s and some loose paper. Between two and three hours after the remains of her husband had been consigned to their last restinp -place, poor Mrs. Botraa. also breathed her Last. 1 - ler case was hopeless, and, conadering the accumulated horrors of the fearful night she had gone through, death cannot but be looked upon as lin this instance a glad and welcome release from suffering. The murderer Patis is described as a Mozambique, about 21 years of age, 5 feet 6 inches in height, and of robust appearance. THE BIR„IIINGILiM MURDER. BIRMINGHAM, WEDNESDAY. The coroner's inquisition in reference to this sad occurrence te-minated at 8 o'clock last evening, a verdict of " wilful murder" being returned against Thomson. Dr. John Keyworth, who saw the body of the unfortunate woman after death, said that he found two incised wounds on the neck —one about three inches long about an inch above the clavicle. There was another wound of about the same extent. The left common jugular vein and the windpipe were divided ; so was also the common carotid artery on the right side. The wounds appeared to have been inflicted partly when deceased was on the bed and partly when on the floor. He observed no signs of pregnancy. • This morning the prisoner was brought up before the borough magistrates. The same evidence was adduced as before the coroner, and he was com mitted for trial at the Warwick assizes. The circumstances attendant upon this most shocking case are somewhat peculiar. Thomson, the murderer, has been employed the greater part of his life, and up to last Saturday, at one of the most celebrated establishments in this locality ; he was noted there as an industrious and quiet man ; he resided a few miles off, at Sutton Coldfield ; had a family of seven children, and to the last contri buted to the support of his mother. The crime of which he now stands accused must have been com mitted while in a state of frenzy, brought on by drink and jealousy. There are unhappily already an unusual num ber of commitments for wilful murder at the next assizes for Warwickshire. THE ASSASSINATION AT NEWCASTLE. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE, OCT. 2. The inquest upon the body of Mr. Mark Frater, assassinated in Blackett-street, in this town yes terday, will be held this evening. His dreadful murder is the one topic of conversation among all classes. The prisoner seems to be the only person unmoved by the dreadful crime he has committed. He is perfectly cool and collected, two things, from the manner he reiterates them, giving him the highest satisfaction,—the death of his unfortunate victim, and the vast bale the particulars of his crime will give to the penny papers. Mr. Frater was a middle aged, married man, with a family of daugh ters, and the shock of his death, as might have been expected, occasioned them terrible distress—his eldest daughter, 20 years of age, being very ill. The motive for Clark committing this foul crime was revenge. A local paper says this morning : " The motive whieh actuated Clarke in the per petration of this foul and bloody outrage is no ob scure one. At the time that Mr. Frater ' s duty com pelled him to distrain the goods of the prisoner, Clarke swore over and over again, both to Mr. Frater and himself, to his clerks, and to the bailiffs who were in possession, that he would be revenged, and that he would 'do' for the man who had injured him. This took place nearly six months ago, and it is therefore clear that during the whole of that time the miscreant has been nursing his fancied wrong and his passion for revenge. Whether he has waited thus long in order to obtain a proper moment for carrying his scheme into execution or not, none can say. The sharpening of the knife on Saturday, however, shows that on that day he had finally fixed upon the speedy execution of his murderous design. With regard to his previous habits and character we cannot state much. He is of Scotch or Irish extraction, but it is not known which, though it is believed that he belongs to Ireland. For several years past, however, he has resided in St. Nicholas' churchyard, in this town. He was unmarried. He occupied two rooms, using the ono as a sleeping apartment, an d the other as a work shop. For some time past he had gained his living by making chairs for Mr. Easton, a cabinetmaker, of Pilgrim -street. Not very long ago he was fined £5 for a ferocious assault upon a man, and it is said that be once before nearly killed a former landlord, besides being the perpetrator of other violent deeds. It was broadly hinted yesterday by a number of philanthropists and others that he was quite insane, and that his execution would be, in consequence, as great a sin as the murder of which he was guilty. So far, however, there are not the slightest grounds for any such suspicion. Some weeks ago he was employed working at the gaol, and he is reported to have then remarked to one of his fellow work men that he would soon be buried there. What ever may be the truth of some of these and a thou sand other rumours which were in circulation yes terday, and some of which were of the most absurd and impossible nature, there cannot be a doubt that for months past Clark has cherished a vindic tive desire for revenge, and, with all the secrecy and determination of which only the worst men are capable has awaited an opportunity of gratify ing it." COUNTRY MARKETS. HULL—OcT. 1. At our market to-day we had a small supply of English wheat, scarcely, indeed, sufficient to supply the wants of local millers, which was all cleared off at f u lly l as t wee k' s prices. Malting barley taken readily at la to 2s per qr on the currencies of last week. Grinding sorts in limited supply, and held for more money. Beans, peas, and oats, with a slow sale, at a decline in value. Wheat.... Old white... ..per qr .. 52s Od to 56s Od Old red ,, New white • • 1 , New red .... „ Dantzic, Konb , &c. old white 54s Od to 63s Od Dutch, Belgian, and French. 50s Od to 58s Od ' Baltic and Hamburg, red s4s Od to 55s Od St. Petersb urg and Riga, old 46s Od to 48s Od Barley.... English malting 32s Od to 36s Od Grinding 3OB Od to 32s Od Seal and Odcrbruck Holstein and Danish 52s Od to 4s Oil Grinding 27s Od to 29s Od Oats English, old Archangel and Riga, per st oBl2ld to 13d Friesland and Dutch oBl3d to 0313 id Swedish and Danish Osl24d to 0813 d Beans ....English, old, per qr New pigeon • 42s Od to 44s Od New tick. ,40s Od to 42s Od Egyptian 3Bs Od to 40s Od Peas Foreign breakers . 36s Od to 38s Od Grinding Tares ....Spring. — s Od t o —s 0,1 Indian Corn Linseed, feeding - - crushing Linseed cakes (Hull) £lo 0 0 to £lO 10 0 Foreign! BlO oto 9 0 0 Rape cakes . 6 0 oto 6 5 0 Bones 415 oto 5 0 0 NEWARK White wheat, new, 60s to 6Gs Red do sos to 62s Old while s ,ls to 56s Red do. 4Ss to 543 Barley, malting 388 to 42s Yeas,.... .—Oar. 1. Barley, grinding 28s to 338 Oats New do , old, .. 98s to 20a 2ts to 263 1 Beans.. 46 8 t o M s Beans, new 37s to 408 36s to 40s. SHEFFIELD -o'a.- 1. Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels...l7s Od to 25s Od White 2 , 7 , ...258 Od to 28 8 Od t , New red ...17s Od to 26s Od New white „ , I ...20s Od to 248 6d , f Beans /V '... 188.0 d to 19s Od Peas, per qr s4s Od to 55s Od Grinding barley, per qr Malting ditto, „ 37s Od to 40s oa Oats ~ 2ss 6d to 348 Od Millers' prices for flour- 7 -2s Od, 2s 2d, and 2s 5d per 141 b. , CONSECRATION OF THREE NEW BISHOPS.—The consecration of three bishops of the Church of England is expected to take place in Westminster Abbey on Friday, Nov. 1, being the Festival of All dints. BIRTHS. BLAGDEN.—On. the Ist inst., at Petworth, the wife of R. B lL l :ro gd n.—On the en X Esci' of a s a M inst., at Portsmouth, the wif e o f Captain C. Milligan, A.D .0., of a daughter. MILLS.—On the 2d inst., at,Lower. Norwood, the wife of Edward Mills, Esq., o f a son. MARRIAGES. • SIMEON—CoLviLLE.—On the 2d inst., at St. Mary's, Chel sea, Sir John Simeon, Bart., of Swainston, Isle of Wight, to the Hon. Catherine Dorothea Colville, second daugh ter of the late General the Hon. Sir Charles Colville, G. C. B. SYMONS—VAN OVEN.—On the Ist inst., at 34, York-ter.. race, Re g ent's-park, Walter Symons, Esq., of Chester.. place, to Georgina, (laughter of the late Or. Van Oven, of Manchester-square. DEATHS. BLOUNT.—On the Ist inst., at Clifton, Miss P. Blount, aged 81. CONOLLY.—On the lat inst,, at Bath, IL IL Conolly, Esq., Capt. R.A. Cousuis.—On. the 30th ult., at 34, Brompton-crescent, Mr. T. Cousins, aged 69. DOUGLAS.—On the Ist inst., at Fulham, Christian, wife of Wm. Douglas, Esq., of 14, LOWncISS-Street. RAWKE.—On the 30th ult., at Portland-place, Lower Clap - ton, John Hawke, Esq , aged 78. LEIGM—On the 28th ult., at Penarth, near Cardiff, Cage Hanbary Leigh, Esq., Lord - Lieutenant of the county of Monmouth, aged 85. SMITH.—On the Ist inst., at 24, Wilton-street, Belgrave square, Arthur W. W. smith, Esq., aged 36. THOROGOOD.—On the 29th ult., John Thorogood, Esq., of 202, Maida-hill, Edgwaro-road, aged 90. LoicooN : Printed and Published by Al illtDO YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE Sum OiEce, No. 112. Strand in the Precinct of the Savoy, ill the UOtinty 91 Ailddleter MlatichlY• Octcanr 3,1861.