The Sun. — London, England, 1861-09-09 00:00:00

THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION. MANCHESTER, SATURDAY. The various sections resumed their sittings this morning. There was a large attendance of ladies and gentlemen in all the rooms. MECHANICAL SCIENCE. This section was occupied during the whole of its sitting with a series of papers, or statements, and discussion, relative to the best mode of con structing armour that should be as nearly impene trable as it could be made ; and, on the other hand, of making projectiles that no armour would be strong enough altogether to resist. Mr. Bateman, the president of the section, was in the chair. The first paper read was by Dr. EDDY, on " A proposal for a class of gunboats capable of engag ing armour-plated ships at sea." He considered that: there was some ground for apprehending that the heavy armour-clad ships we were engaged in constructing at such a great expense might be as sailed with some chance of success by vessels much inferior in size and cost, but specially designed for this service. He wished to elicit the opinions of those who were most competent to form a judgment on the subject. Before engaging in an expensive rivalry by building ship for. ship, just such huge vessels as our neighbours were building, we ought to satisfy ourselves whether, at much less cost, and in much shorter time, we could not construct a fleet of such s hips as would paralys e th ose monsters, if not destroy them, and which, if numerically supe rior, would be a more reliable guard for our shores than a few large ships, however formidable those were in themselves. The first condition for such vessels as he contemplated was a clear superiority in speed over the enemy. Any invention for offence or defence that seriously reduced the speed must be fatal to its success. A second indispensable condi tion was such an amount of protection as would enable a small vessel to come to close quarters with a large ship and strike home without getting the Worst of it. Granted superior speed, and he main tained that small vessels could do anything with an opponent of vastly superior weight, if able to approach her without being crippled or destroyed. If it were impossible for a single vessel ever to get this opportunity, still it might not be impossible for one out of two or three to engage the monster. Might not a flotilla of comparatively small but active vessels have an advantage over a squadron of line-of-battle ships ? Whatever steam power and consequent speed were given to a heavily armed vessel, a superior rate might be given to another vessel the armament of which bore a smaller proportion to her size ; therefore the weight of metal and speed were, eceteris paribus, in inverse proportion to each other. By reducing the arma ment to a very few guns—two or four only—of the powerful kind now manufactured, he thought the required speed, say 16 knots an hour, might readily be obtained. He would plant the guns so as to fire rapidly and simultaneously, with a concentrated force, on any point all round. (Dr. Eddy's paper detailed the appliances by which he proposed to carry out this object.) Captain BLAKELY, R.A., read a paper entitled " Artillery versus Armour." After thanking the section for the attention which they had ever paid him he recounted some of the advances made in the construction of artillery during the past year. Those views on the strength of cannons which he had so long advocated had lately been acknow ledged to be correct by both the Spanish and , English Governments, and that, too, after a very long series of experiments, He exhibited a draw ing of the new Spanish rifle gun, and explained its construction. The diameter of the bore is between six and seven inches. More than half the gun is of cast iron, the outer portion of the breech only being formed of rings of steel. The extensive ex periments to which he (Captain Blakely) had re ferred were made to determine the proper degree of tension for those rings, because on that point depended the efficiency of the gun. If the rings were too tight they burst before the central part ; and if they were too loose the central part burst first, and perhaps left the rings whole. Captain Blakely added that, in his opinion, a great number of costly experiments might have been spared had Government placed a little more faith in his calculations, which were not only made by himself, but by Dr. Robinson, Dr. Hart, and Mr. J. Longridge. As to the material of which the gun should be made he spoke with diffidence, disagree ing entirely from Sir IV. Armstrong. Sir 'William had said he could get no steel to answer, and there fore preferred wrought iron. He (Capt. Blakely) had made many dozens of guns, both of steel and wrought iron. He had used the latter, of various makers, and steel from very nearly all the steel makers in Sheffield, Leeds, and Liverpool ; and, without exception, he had found all the steels bet ter adapted for the manufacture of guns than the wrought iron. Sir W. Armstrong had alluded to the construction of guns with wire in a way which left the impression that Sir William had hopes an efficient gun could be produced of that material. He (Capt. Blakely) had not the slightest doubt of it. Mr. Longridge had made several very good guns Di' it. If it were so easy to build a 6001 b. gun of solid hoops, it would be equally easy, by using wire, to make one that would throw a 6,0001 b. shot, or even a 60,0001 b. Mr. FATRBAIRN, the President of the Association, made some observations on the results of experi ments on targets at Shoeburyness. He said the Go vernment of this country had appointed a commit tee, of which he had the honour to be a member, to investigate not only the sort of plates that ought to be used in covering the sides of ships of war, but also the quality of the material which ought to be employed for that purpose, that the best iron or steel might be selected, and that the greatest pos sible resistance might be obtained to penetration from shot or projectiles of any kind at high veloci ties. The committee had been sitting for many months, and a great many experiments had taken place at Shoe l Juryness at which he was present. Those experiments generally indicated that although we had very good iron in this country ; yet, from what 'Lie could learn of the quality of the iron used in ( - Aber countries, ours was not quite so good. We Fad iron as good as any other country in the world, . _ but we had not yet arrived at that point of menu factare which should insure uniformity in the tex ture of the iron, and in the strength of the parts. 31e believed we should soon arrive at that point, mad that the ironmasters of this country would be table to manufacture plates of good quality, and also 'calculated in every respect to fulfil the purposes they were intended for--powerful resistance to shot ad any description whatever. It would be the duty of the committee to do everything they possibly would to defeat Sir W. Armstrong—(hear, hear, and laughter)—and prevent him penetrating their plates; and no doubt Sir W. Armstrong would take All possible pains to smash them up as fast as ever le could. From the experiments that had been amide, it was found to be necessary, in order to give the greatest possible resistance to shot, not only to put on plates, but to have sufficient resisting power behind to withstand the deflecting of the plates from the velocity of the shot. Where there was a backing of teak or oak, whenever the shot did not go right through, the plate was indented into the wood, so as to prove very injurious, by breaking the bolts and attachments. His opinion was that the wood was totally unnecessary ; that it was better to have iron entirely. He hoped the Government -would consent to have another target made on the principle that the attachment should be much etronger and better than it had ever been before ; and at the same time, that there should be bolts which would not penetrate through the plates, to be screwed in about 12 inches apart, that the attach ment might be secure, and the resistance as perfect as it possibly could he. With regard to penetration of heavy shot at high velocity, an experiment had been made to ascertain the exact velocity of the shot, and he believed that the velocity of most of them was about 1,100 feet per second. With the target that had been used, and the strongest gun, an 120 pounder, at 800 yards, the shot had never penetrated the plates, but made indentations, and the shot usually slid off at a certain angle, which was nearly always the same. All the plates were laminated. What was required, in order to gi„ the greatest resistance to pro jectiles of great velocitY, would be to have the plater as nearly as Posaible homogeneous, provided we could obain toughness, and at the same time strength. If that could be accomplished, so as to render our manufacture complete, and our vessels covered with plates of probably five or six inches, according to the weight and power of the gun, he thought that ultimately they might offer powers of resistance to Sir W. Armstrong, or any other per son who manufactured guns, to the power or force of a 3001 b. or 4001 b. gun. He was strongly of that opinion from the experiments at Shoeburyness, and he believed they would be continued for some time longer, till we arrived at the maximum strength of the plates to give the greatest possible resistance to shot of great weight and at high velocity. He thought it was also very likely that in the course of a few months more we might be able to ascertain what was the best and most accurate system of attaching these plates, and at the same time what were the proper thickness and quality of iron to be employed. (Applause.) THE ADMIRALTY IRON-CASED SHIPS. Mr. E. J. Reed read a very interesting paper " On the iron-cased Ships of the British Admiralty." After glancing at the circumstances under which the Admiralty resorted to the construction of iron cased seagoing ships of war, he proceeded to point out the principal features of the ships which the Admiralty have thus far built, have begun to build, or purpose to build. Having noticed the Warrior and the Black Prince, Mr. Reed said the first of the new ships, the Achilles, which has re cently been begun at Chatham dockyard, very nearly resembles the Warrior and the Black Prince. The only difference between her and those vessels is that her beam is slightly broader, and her floor somewhat flatter than her predecessors', whereby her tonnage is increased from 6,039 to 6,089 tons, and her displacement from 8,625 to 9,030 tons. All her other dimensions and all her essential features of construction are exactly like those of the Warrior, from which it may be inferred that the method of plating the central part only of the ship, which was introduced by Mr. Scott Rus sell, is still viewed with favour by the Admiralty designers. In the class of ships which come next, however, the Admiralty have consented to forego the plan of plating amidships only, and purpose plating the ship from end to end with thick iron. But in order to do this it has been necessary to re sort to larger dimensions than the Warrior's, and hence these six new ships, three of which have just been contracted for, are to be 20 feet longer than her, 15 inches broader, of 582 tons additional bur den, and 1,245 tons additional displacement. As the displacement is the true measure of the ship's actual size below the water, or of her weight, it is evident that the new ships are to be considerably more than 1,000 tons larger than the Warrior class. As their engines are to be only of the same power, their speed will probably be much less. This di minished speed is one of the penalties which have to be paid for protecting the extremities of the ship with thick plates. Another will probably be a great tendency to plunge and chop in a sea-way. The con struction of such vessels is a series of compromises, and no one can fairly blame the Admiralty for build ing vessels on various plans, so that their relative merits may be practically tested. The cost of this new class of ships will exceed that of the Warrior class by some £20,000 or £30,000, owing to the in creased size. But it will certainly be a noble speci men of a warship. A vessel built throughout of iron, 400 feet long and nearly 60 broad,. invulnerable from end to end to ali shell and to nearly all shot, armed with an abundance of the most powerful ordnance, wish ports 9 ft. 6 in. above the water, and steaming at a speed of from 12 to 13 knots an hour, will indeed be a formidable engine of war ; and if the present intentions of the Admiralty are carried out we shall add six such vessels to our navy during the next year or two. It has not yet been decided a hether these new iron ships are to have their plating backed up with teak timber, as in the previous ships, or whether plating 61 inches in thickness without a wood backing is to be applied to them. All that has been decided is that whether the armour be of iron alone, or of iron and wood combined, its weight is to be equivalent to that of iron 61- inches thick. The designs of the ship have been prepared subject to this arrangement, and provision has been made in the contracts for the adoption of which ever form of armour may be deemed best when the time comes for applying it. I now come to notice a very different class of vessel, in which the hull is to be formed mainly of timber, the armour plating brought upon the ordinary outside planking. The Royal Alfred, Royal Oak, Caledonia, Ocean, and Triumph are to be of this class. Their dimensions are to be—length, 273 ft. s breadth, 58ft. bin. ; depth in hold, 19ft. 10in. ; mean draught of water, 25ft. 9in. ; and height of port, 7ft. They are to be of 4,045 tons burden, and to have a displacement of 6,839 tons. They are to be fitted with engines of 1,000-horse power. They are being framed with timber originally designed for wooden line-of battle shins, but are to be 18 feet longer than those ships were to be. They will form a class of vessels intermediate between the Hector and the 'Warrior classes, but unlike both of them will be plated with armour from end to end. They will be without knees of the head, and with upright round sterns, and will, therefore, look very nearly as ugly as La Gloire, although, in other respects, much superior vessels, being 21 feet 5 inches longer, 3 feet 5 inches broader, and of less draught of water. They will also be quite equal to her in speed. With respect to the armaments of the new classes nothing has yet been finally decided. I am able, however, to afford definite information respecting the number of guns which the various classes of our new ships will be able to carry. Of the Defence, Resistance, Hector, and Valiant I shall say nothing, because they cannot be consi dered fit for the line-of-battle, or suitable for any other service than coast defence. Nor need I say more of the Achilles than that she will in all pro bability be armed with such ordnance as may be found to answer best in the Warrior and Black Prince. I now come to the plated timber ships, and these may usefully be compared with the model French vessel La Gloire, which is 252 ft. 6 in. long, has an armament of 34 guns upon her main deck, and two heavy shell guns forward-36 guns in all. Now, our ships are to be more than 20 feet longer than her, and will therefore take two additional guns on either side, so that they will carry not less than 40 guns, if the ports are placed as close as in La Gloire. In addition to this, they will doubt less have powerful ordnance on their upper decks for use under favourable circumstances. Let me now consider the.pecuniary phase of this iron-cased ship question. We may fairly assume that the average cost of such vessels will not be less than £5O per ton, and that their engines will cost at least £6O per horse-power. Supposing these figures to be correct, then the hulls of the 18 ships will cost us £4,681,600, and their engines £1,143,000, together nearly £6,000,000. When masted, rigged, armed, and fully equipped for sea, they will of course represent a much larger sum, probably nearly £8,000,000. These estimates will:afford some faint conception of the nature of that reconstruction of the navy upon which we may now be said to have fairly entered, in so far as the ships themselves are concerned. But WE must not conceal the fact that the introduction of these enormous iron-cased ships has entailed upon as the construction of other colos sal and most costly works. We have now to provide immense docks for their reception, for at present we possess none suitable to receive them. Many con siderations combine to exalt the importance of this part of the subject; but there is one which is paramount—namely, that we dare not send these ships against a French fleet unless we have docks for them to run to in the event of a disaster. We know not svbat may happen to these altogether novel structures until they have been exposed to successive broadsides or a heavy naval battery, and it would be madness to send them out to encounter a powerful fleet of vessels as strong as themselves, rtnless we are prepared to open docks to receive them in case of necessity. What is re quired in each case is deep water up to the entrance of the dock, a depth of not less than 27 or 28 feet at the sill, and a length on the floor of the dock of 400 feet. These things are no t com bi ne d i n an y dock in great Britain, an d certainly not in any of her Majesty's dockyards. In this respect we are far behind our neighbours, who have docks at Cher- Toulon varying from bourg, Lorient, Brest, and THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 9, 1861. 200 feet to 720 feet in length, and some of them 90 feet wide. In order to place ourselves on an equality with the French navy, no less than to meet certain emergencies, we must, with a reconstructed fleet, found a colossal dock establishment on some favour able point on our southern shores, furnished with the means of carrying on extensive repairs in time of war. The most suitable of all positions is South ampton Water, and if we are wise enough to build a set of docks there before the time of war arrives, we shall have the satisfaction of knowing that the largest iron-cased ships now in contemplation will be able to run in and be docked with all their stores on board, and everything standing ; and with nothing less than this should we be satisfied. Sir J. DALRYMPLE HAY said he had been quite unexpectedly requested by Mr. Fairbairn, as being associated with the committee to which that gentleman had been referring, to address a few remarks to the section, and must therefore be excused if they were crude and undigested. The labours of the committee had been addressed first of all to the quality of the material—viz., iron, by which the sides of ships or fortresses were to be protected. The mode of attaching that material was likewise an essential point, as also was the process by which the side of the fort or ship should be so constructed as to retain in position the material used for its protection. It had occurred to the committee that it was by ne means the best mode of applying the iron to cover ships of the old construction with shields or plates. of armour. The days of wooden ships were entirely numbered, in his opinion. He would not say that this was the opinion of the committee, because their views were liable to modification from day to day according to the evidence they had before them. The committee obtained from a great number of manufacturers of iron in this country a series of plates constructed of that description of iron which the makers themselves considered best adapted for the purpose in view. The plates began with a thick ness of a quarter of an inch, with an ascending series of thicknesses up to eight or ten inches. The result of experiments went to show that the steely descriptions, or those which had been hardened ex tremely (and which went under various-designations as semi-steel, or homogeneous iron), up to a certain thickness—about three-quarters of an inch—pos sessed great resisting powers. But the committee ascertained, with, as he believed, positive certainty that, after that thickness of metal had been attained its brittle nature rendered it less advantageous, in resisting the blow of a projectile at a high velocity, than was wrought iron of the very best quality, but which should be soft and at the same time tena cious. So far as was hitherto ascertained, it ap peared that all holes bored in the plates to attach them to a ship were a source of weakness. As yet the Iron Plate Committee had not arrived at any positive conclusions ; they had before them a most interesting subject of inquiry, and invited the assistance and suggestions of all the inventors and scientific men of the country. What naval men were most afraid of was, not the solid missiles breaking through the ship's side, but the combustible materials they might convey, and the danger of which would shake the firmest discipline. The committee could hardly hope to arrive at any mode of excluding altogether the cold shot from penetrating the iron side of a ship, but they did think it possible so to construct and plate a ship as that the hollow projectile impinging on its side should be broken to pieces before penetrating, and thus they would exclude the shells, red-hot shot, or liquid iron, which were the most terrific engines of war. He thought it of great advantage that the wooden ships which had been laid down and prepared for the English navy should not be entirely lost to the country, but converted into iron sided frigates of great size and speed, because, though they were not of the most scientific con struction, they were at least better than the vessels opposed to them. (Applause.) Sir W. ARMSTRONG, having been invited by the President to make a few observations, said, although it was quite true he was engaged in the construc tion of a 300-pounder, and the operation had so far been attended with perfect success, still he found it a matter of very considerable difficulty. He would suggest to Captain Blakely that it might be better to begin with producing an effective gun, adapted for a 100-pounder, before venturing on such mon sters as that gentleman appeared to have in view. He did not think it a matter of much importance to put on hoops with the accuracy of dimension which Captain Blakely contended was requisite. He entirely concurred with Mr. Fairnbairn as to the great desirability of adopting a form of structure for iron-plated ships which should obviate the necessity of using wood. He saw very great importance in that, because they would first get quit of great unnecessary weight ; they were then enabled to thicken their plates, and they also were relieved of the liability to the wood rotting, and having the ship to 11 to pieces perio dically for the purpose almost f reconstructing it. In the construction of these ships we must chiefly keep in view their adaptation for a small number of monster guns. Timber ships to be used against timber ships were very properly armed with a large number of smaller guns ; but iron-plated ships to be used against plated ships must be armed with the most powerful guns practicable. There was a feeling among naval men that guns beyond a certain size would be unmanageable ; but we must bring in the aid of mechanical powers which we know to be available in the movement and control of large masses, and not restrict ourselves to the use of hand labour. (Hear, hear.) It would hardly be sufficient, in assailing iron-plated vessels, to punch small holes in their sides by means of projectiles; but what was required was to be able to hurl huge masses, no matter of what form, so as to produce a great effect, and crush in the sides, if possible. This could only be done by guns of the very largest size. (Hear, hear.) Mr. SCOTT RUSSELL said there were one or two general considerations on the subject which he thought must clear away a good deal of misunder standing. The first was, that they should all set out by believing they would never get absolute im penetrability. If they set out with that belief, they would get rid at once of a thousandschemes for ab solute impenetrability, and all the answers to them were likewise removed out of their way. The whole practical question was contained in this expression of a good sailor—" Whatever you do, for God's sake keep out.the shells." (Hear, hear.) This brought them at once to the question whether punching out holes in the armour was a point of very great value or not. Having been in iron-plated vessels when they were fired at with these projectiles, he was able to say that one could stand behind an iron plate under those circumstances with a wonderful deal,of comfort. (Hear, hear, and laughter.) One could be sure of " the shells being kept out." Up to this time, however, it had been the custom to load the sides of a ship with a dead weight of useless metal coating, doing a great deal of harm to the sailing qualities of the vessel. The committee were going to confer the great benefit on ship builders of constructing a number of targets to see what was the quantity of that iron which might be taken into the ship itself without depriving the coating of its inefficiency, so as, in fact, to give its own strength to the vessel, besides serving as pro tection for it. As to the objection urged against the Warrior, that the bow and stern were left ex posed, the practical point to remember was this— that a ship could not carry armour along her whole length, if below a certain size. In order to carry that, the Government had now been obliged to go much further in size. A 7,000-ton vessel would ful fil the conditions of a good warship, and yet carry her armour from end to end; but a 3,000-ton vessel, if loaded in the same way, would possess no good sea-going quality combined with speed. Sir E. BELCHES, in the course of some remarks on various points of the discussion, said Dr. Eddy's proposals had been met by the very clear answer that the velocity in small vessels could never equal that of the large ones with which they had to con tend. The cocoanut fibre which Dr. Eddy thought of using was very liable to smoulder, and the salts by which he meant to render it uninflammable would corrode the iron so rapidly as to make the vessels useless in the course of a very few months. Ile (Sir E. Belcher) disapproved for various rca sons, excluding timber altogether from the con struction, Mr. JOHNSON, the Rev. Dr. ROBINSON, and other gentlemen afterwards joined in the discussion. SECTION E.-GEOGRAPHY AND ETHNO- LOGY. EXPLORATION OF AUSTRALIA. In this section Sir R. I. MURCHISON said he had intended to read a letter from the Duke of New castle (but which he had unfortunately left at home, but which he would send to the president to be read on Monday), stating that the Government had been pleased to accede to the application of the Royal Geographical Society, who had re quested that a sufficient sum of money should be granted to Mr. Frank Gregory to enable that gen tleman to complete his expedition through North Western Australia. It was proposed to go north wards, turn the great North Western corner of Australia, and proceed as far eastward as pos sible towards Cambridge Gulf. The object was to ascertain the nature of the coast line of this part of Australia and ascertain whether• there were not great tracts of country capable of cultivation, and well supplied with water. He described the results of previous expeditions in Australia, including one by Mr. Gregory's brother and Mr. Stewart, and said Mr. Gregory's progress in a former expedition had been stopped by his meeting with a great and intensely saline desert, and he had been obliged to diverge in the direction of Queensland. It was with a view to ascertain some of the cotton-growing capabilities of this neighbourhood that the expedition was about to be undertaken, and it was considered to be one of great importance by the Geographical Society, who had given to Mr. Stewart for his feat in penetrat ing 500 miles beyond the point any previous tra veller had reached, and in crossing that great con tinent, over which it was proposed to carry a mag netic telegraph, connecting it, through India, with this country, their gold medal. gorilla were very vague and uncertain until they received the definite information of observed habits which M. Du Chaillu had brought us. He would therefore rather request M. Du Chaillu to answer the question himself, because if if he (Professor Owen) were to do so, he would only be re peating whathehad heard from M. Du Chaillu. (Applause.) M. Du CHAILLU again mounted the platform, and asked that the question should be repeated, for he had not dis tinctly heard it. (The question related to the supposed use of the enormous strength of the gorilla, and M. Du Chailu was further asked if he had seen the gorilla employ its immense strength.) M. Du Chaillu said he had seen the gorilla break trees. The animal was very fond of the sap of certain trees. The only thing he had seen was that those trees were broken almost before him, and they measured about 4in. in diameter. He did not say it was the hardest wood, but it was tolerably hard wood, and he could see on the tree the gnawings of the gorilla's tusks. The arm of the animal was exceedingly powerful, but he could not say exactly for what object it was so created. He had seen a man knocked down by it who died. The gorilla did not go much upon trees ; the large ones he never saw upon trees. He imagined that the arm of the animal was its chief means of defence, for when the monster advanced to the attack he used this powerfully strong arm, which was so long that if he took hold of them that would be their end. (Laughter.) He did not know of any animals that fought with the gorilla—he never saw such combats. He had heard accounts of them, but he fancied that they pro ceeded more from the imagination of the natives than from the truth. He wished he had seen a fight be tween a leopard or elephant and a gorilla ; but he doubted if such contests took place. He thought each of these animals would be shy of one another, being so powerful. Professor 0 wen had seen in the British Museum one of these animals with a broken arm, which the professor had told him he thought was from the blow of a gorilla. He was now of the same opinion, because the ribs of the man who was killed were broken, and the gorilla was strong enough to break any man's arm. M. Du Chaillu said the beating of the animal's chest with its long arms sounded like the beat ing of a drum, and it must require tremendous power to bring such sounds out of bones and muscles. He thought this was the most formidable part of the monster, and de scribed it as a terrible sight to see him beat his chest. It was true the beast was ugly enough in himself, but this beating on the chest frightened him the most. (Laughter.) M. Du Chaillu next described the awkward attempts of the gorilla to walk. They had to sit down and rest after going a little distance, because they walked with the greatest dif ficulty. The body was too large to be supported on its short and crooked legs. He hoped other travellers would follow him, so that more might be known about the habits of this wonderful beast. The little he had made known would, he hoped, incite others to further discovery. Mr. ELIOTT—What is the nature of the country inha bited by your troglodytes ? Is it subject to inundation ? M. Du CIIAILLU —Yes. All that part of Africa is subject to inundation. It rains nine months of the year there. Mr. Ennlorr—That probably induces it to form a habi tation in the trees. Dr. LANKESTER had no doubt that this large audience had been attracted, not only on account of the reputation of the distinguished author of the paper which they had just heard, and also the reputation of the great traveller who had just spoken, but he believed there was an in terest in these creatures independently of the important circumstances that surround them. He thought there were many present who had a lively recollection of the discussions which took place last year at Oxford, when that great theory of the production of species was brought forward so often ; and they would also recollect that there were expressioas at that meeting which would seem to indi cate that some naturalists, at least, were not unprepared to believe that through a development, or through changes which went on in the animal world, the gorilla might have been in past ages the originator of man—he would not say the direct parent. This question assumed great im?ortance in the present day. There were many persons who did not hesitate to announce this as their belief, and the audience would be deeply obliged to Professor Owen if he would point out what he thought was the difference between these great monkeys, which were supposed to be most closely related to man, and man himself. (Hear.) Professor OWEN said he rose with great pleasure to en deavour to respond to the request of his fellow-labourer, Dr. Lankester, knowing, however, that what he had to say would be nothing new to his zoological friends. If he were to express what he felt after the discussions which had taken place on the resemblances and the differences organi cally between the anthropoid apes and man, it would be somewhat as follows : —First, of course, it must be borne in mind that our organical philosophy had long since shown that man was no exceptional speciality in animal structure, but as it were the sum and crown of the series of develop ments that were to be traced from ourselves down to the lowest of the vertebrated series. For example, taking the skull of a cod fish, one could point out on that head about 95 per cent. of the bones in our own head, and they were called by the same names, being in the same relative posi tions, and having the same general relation to the nerves and parts of the brain and vessels. Well, when that could be done in a generally progressive and increasing degree from the fish up to man, they saw at once what a close general conformity of fundamental type our body was built out of. As we approached nearer to man that resemblance became more and more close, and consequently the difference be came more and more interesting and important. What then were the differences between the gorilla, and the boschman, the negro, or the lowest in form of our species ? First, there was a difference in the position of the innermost digit of the lower limb. In the gorilla it was turned at a greater or less angle from the other digits, and was, in fact, an opposable digit; it was a thumb; it was not a great toe, as in man, nor parallel with the other toes ; it was relatively stronger than the other digits, and was associated with a broader foot, having the heel bone flatter below ; it was also associated with a different relative posi tion of the joints upon which the leg rested, with other mo difications to give a broader basis of support to the whole frame Then there were corresponding modifications of essen , • tially the same bones throughout the vertebral column and the ribs. In man a greater number of the lumbar vertebrce were left free, and the ribs were limited to 12 pairs ; there were 13 in the gorilla. Next the upper limbs were made in an harmonious kind of proportion to the lower limbs, not longer, but somewhat shorter. Every joint showed as it were a perfection of structure. The thumb of the hair I was made relatively stronger, and could be applied more dis tinctly as a prehensile organ to each digit, so thai; it became a perfect instrument and organ of free will and rational in telligence. These differences were associated with still greater modifications of the skull. There were the same bones and the same relative position, but there was an al most hydrocephalous expansion of the head in man as cona pared with the gorilla. The brain cavity in man was a fine globular part, with which we ass elated the idea of highest beauty, and the Greeks exaggerated it to show that beauty, yet there was a connection between the vast head of man and the mere spines sticking up in the head of a fish. In the brain it,elf there was a marked and certainly a sudden in crease of size in all directions, which was due chiefly, if not wholly, to one particular part of the brain called the cere bral hemispheres. Professor Owen pointed out other and more abstruse differences between the structure of man and the ape, which, though apparently unimportant in them selves, were of the highest significance when viewed col lectively and in contrast. The gorilla maintained an erect position with difficulty, and hobbled in an awkward manner rather than walked, being obliged to sit down and rest every 20 yards before he could come up to the attack. (Laughter.) What were the other great dif ferences between man and the ape ? There was first the marked difference of speech. This was the one great dis tinction between every variety of our race and all the lower animals, with whom there was no nearer approach to it than the utterance of a kind of distinctive cry, a roar and bellow of rage, or a shriek of alarm ; this was all that the highest apes could do in the way of speech. He confessed his entire ignorance of the mode in which it has pleased our Creator to establish our species, as it was said, " out of the dust of the earth." By what marvellous process all that might be accomplished was not told to us, nor need it be. Without, therefore, having any kind of idea in his own mind, or any sense of a proof, or a demonstr a ti on , or an approximation, how man originated, he was quite open to any evidence that might be vouchsafed to u;; and if in future investigations we should get a little mo so' ctory insight into the origin of our own species, the , e;,tt most gladly accept it. All that knowledge would lee: 7e us just where we are f or an y of those consider a t h.ich we were supremely interested, namely, the . rose higher powers associated with this glorious , • was coupled what had been revealed to us— a f o r the use of it. (Applause.) This closed the interesting discussion. .urs AN IRISIIMA.N IN AND OUT OF TR O .—A son of the "Em erald Isle," but not himself green, , taken up (for he was at the time down) near a rebel encarci, not far from Manas sas Junctio n. In a word, Pat w+ .g a quiet nap in the shade, and was aroused from hilS : berg by a scouting party. lie wore no special uniforivr > ither army, but looked more like a spy than an alliga* ad on this was arrested. " Who aro yeu, what is you r , and w h er e are you from ?" were th e fi rs t ques ti ons . a him by the armed party. Pat rubbed his eyes, se( t d his head, and answered—" By my faith, gintlemeti, ~em is ugly questions to answer anyhow ; and before I ver any of them, I'd be after axin you, by yer lave, the 5(1 thing." " Well," said the leader, "we are of Scott's am: . and be long to Washington." " All right," said Pat; know'd ye was gintlemen, for l am th a t same . L on g life_ General Scott." "Abe," replied the scout ; "now, yoga ascal you are our prisoner," and seized him by the shoub,::: . "How is that ?" inquired Pat, " arc we not friends ?" f To," was the answer, "we belong to Beauregard's army ' "Then you told me a lie, me boys, and thinking it m ;ht be so, I told you another. Now tell me truth, and ill tell the truth, too." "We belong to the State of Sout. C.trolina." "So do I," promptly replied Pat, "and to the other States of the country, too; and there I'm thin ug I bate the whole of ye. Do you think I would come the way from Ireland to belong to one State, when I h 4, 1 aright to belong to the whole of 'em ?" This logic t rather . a stamper; but they took him as beforesaid , and Ica, vied him iu for further examinationt—A r ow York Cymniime, TILE GORILLA. At the meeting of the British Association, in Section D (Zoology and Botany), Professor OWEN read a paper sug gested by the discoveries of M. Du Chaillu, and an inspec tion of the specimens which that traveller had been the first to bring to this country. These extraordinary animals were (said the learned professor) found in the Gaboon coun try, equatorial Africa, and were purchased from M. Du Chaillu by the trustees of the British Museum. The col lection was confined to the anthropoid apes. His first knowledge of this collection was derived from a letter written by M. Du Chaillu from the Gaboon river in January, 1859, offering these gorilla skins and specimens for sale to the British Museum. The letter was referred to him, and he recommended the transmission of the collec tion to London for inspection, with which recommendation M. Du Chaillu complied. The skins of the adult male and female and young of the gorilla afforded ample evidence, and for the first time, of the true nature of the species. Professor Owen described in detail the osteo logical and hirsute characteristics of these specimens, and passed onto notice some of their peculiarities and accidental marks. The hair of the male was rubbed from its back, the effect, probably, of a habit of sleeping at the foot of a tree, and resting its back against the trunk. The skin exhibited two opposite wounds, and two of the ribs were broken where the charge of the gun had passed through. These marks corresponded with the account of their mode of slaughter. Professor Owen noticed another specimen, called the bald headed variety, which M. Du Chaillu described as being in the habit of building itself a shelter with the branches of trees, about 20 to 30 feet high. They tied these branches together with wild vines, forming a shelter in the shape of an ambrella, with a horizontal branch, on which the animal rested. The male slept under one shelter and the female under another, beneath a neighbouring tree. Was this con structive faculty exercised by more than one variety of the chimpanzee ? A specimen of this umbrella-like house would be highly desirable. The next kind noticed was that called kooloo kamba by the natives, and it had fourteen pairs of ribs. Zoologists were under great obligations to M. Du Chaillu for his valuable contributions to our know ledge of these verities in the anthropoid apes of Africa. The PRESIDENT (C. C. Babington) said he was sure the section would return their best thanks to Professor Owen 1 for his very elaborate and valuable communication. Discussion having been invited, Mr. W. ELLIOTT asked if there was anything peculiar in the country inhabited by the bald-headed gorilla which would account for its baldness? For instance, was the country annually subject to inundation? In that case the baldness might result from climbing trees. Professor OWEN replied that no peculiarities of those densely-wooded tropical regions had yet been pointed out to at all explain the origin or varieties of these specimens ; and from the short periods during which Europeans could tarry in one locality, he feared it would be long before those minute observations on the differences of species and IScal characteristics could be obtained that would give us a clue to this. At present they had only absolute facts admitting of no explanation. Mr. ELLIOTT further observed, that there was a peculiar kind of ape along the Coromandel coast of India, but he doubted whether it could justly be called a new species. Professor OWEN replied that it was very convenient to consider these different species as varieties, and to speak of the Troglodytes gorilla as distinguished from the Troglo dytes niger. He regarded them, however, as mere varieties, just as our ordinary cattle differed in colour, a black cow from the white. So with regard to the chimpanzees. M. Du Chaillu estimated his varieties somewhat higher than he (Professor Owen) did, and indicated them by specific names. He saw in the characteristics which these speci mens exemplified only marks of an easily recognisable variety. The value of these distinctions must depend upon the discoveries of future travellers. M. Du Chaillu men tioned the localities, and if future travellers found the same varieties and marks, that would make them more valuable zoological facts. (Applause.) Mr. J. M. MITCHELL, P.R.A., S.A., Edinburgh—May I ask what was paid to M. Du Chaillu by the British Museum ? Professor OWEN—I am afraid that is a zoological statistic that hardly belongs to our section. (Hear.) It rather be longs to the statistical section. (Laughter.) Mr. MITCHELL—I do not think there should le any secret. lam sure we should all be glal to hear that he was fully rewarded. (Hear.) Professor OWEN—In all his transactions M. Du Chaillu acted in a most liberal and gentlemanly manner, and he ex hibited far more desire to see his rare specimens secured in our national collection than to obtain mere personal profit. Mr. P. SCLATER, M.A., said that one point of great in terest in M. Du Chaillu's narrative was that the gorillas were always shot through the breast and body, and Pro fessor Owen had stated that the larger male gorilla bore such marks. He had himself observed what he thought a bullet hole in the back of the skull. Had Professor Owen noticed this ? Professor Owen replied that he had found no other mark of a shot than that which he had mentioned in the broken ribs. _ _ Mr. SCLATER asked further if there were no bullet marks in any of the skulls ? Professor OWEN answered that the specimens were sent to be macerated as soon as received, and he had net examined the entire series. Dr. E. PERCEVAL WRIGHT, M.D., M.R.1.A., one of the secretaries, read a short paper from Dr. Gray, of the British Museum, further treating of the African ape, particularly as to the height of the species. Professor OWEN concurred with the paper, adding that he had no evidence of any gorilla exceeding sft. 4in. in its ordinary position. Of course they must add somewhat to the height of the bones, particularly in the males, in allow ance for those enormous masses of muscle that covered the sides of the cranium and worked the jaws. The breadth of the chest was immense, being double that of the strongest man. The collar bones were of enormous size, as well as those supporting the arm bones and powerful hands. These exaggerations appeared the greater in contrast with the diminutive height of the animal, which depended upon the comparative shortness of the lower limbs ; it was as if the body and upper limbs of a giant of eight or nine feet were placed upon the lower limbs of a stout dwarf. The Rev. Dr. MUNRO remarked, that after applauding the actors, a grateful audience sometimes called upon the author. Ho hoped he wag not out of order in saying that as M. Du Chaillu was now in the house, he hoped ho might be called upon to receive their cordial thanks along with Professor Owen. (Hear.) He was sure the appearance of M. Du Cha llu upon the platform would be deeply interest ing to the audience. (Applause.) M. Du CHALLU came forward, and mounted the platform amidst the hearty plaudits of the crowded assembly. He said, in fair English :—Ladies and Gentlemen,—Allow me to thank you for the kind feelings you have shown towards me. I can only say that since my arrival in England I have received so much kindness that I love the country as much as any Englishman can do. (Applause.) The Rev. Mr. Illoorws asked if there was anything in the habit of the gorilla that would account for that enor mous development of muscle and bony structure on the head and chest? Did its mode of living give occasion for such enormous strength? Professor OIVE , T replied that the only European, or white man, who had had the opportunity of observing their habits was the gentleman who had just left the platform. (Hear.) Before learning from him (M. Du Chaillu), and reading his account, the only knowledge he (Professor Owen) had of that s ingular, stupendous, and most repulsive animal, was derived from very vague, second .hand reports, brought by navigators who traded for palm oil to the Gaboon, and came to Bristol and other ports, and these were reports they had received from missionaries at the Gaboon, or from the natives, or through the missionaries from the natives. Therefore, the liuowledgo poseeissed of the lola* et the POLICE INTEI.LIGENC —Sept. 7. SOUTHWARK.—SERIOUS CHARGE AGAINST A POLICE CONSTABLE.—Joseph Pratley, a police con stable, 291 M, was charged before Mr. Combe, at the instance of the Commissioners of Police, with indecently assaulting Mrs. Charlotte Ann Fawdon, the wife of a leatherdresser, residing at 41, New street, Bermondsey. Mr. W. Edwin appeared for the accused. The complainant said that on Tuesday night, the 27th of last month, she expected two of her chil dren by railway from Leatherhead, and about ten o'clock she was proceeding from her house to the London-bridge terminus to meet them, when, in passing down Bermondsey-street, she overtook the prisoner, who was on duty. Having some know ledge of her he accosted her, and she told him she was going to the railway station to meet her chil dren, but she was afraid she was too late. He then said he would accompany her, and show her the nearest way, and at the same time making inquiries for her. She told him she did not wish to take him from his duty, when he said it was all on his beat. They then walked to the railway station, and found that the Leatherhead train had come in near an hour ago. They descended from the terminus into Joiner street, when she gave the prisoner asixpence to get a glass of ale. He brought her the change back, and asked her to come and look at the ruins of the fire in Tooley-street. She walked with him a little way down, when he assaulted her in an indecent man ner. She immediately ran to the police-office to give information as to the assault, but was told the inspector was not there, and was pushed away. On her return home she told her husband, and the next morning attended at the police station in Bermond sey-street, and made her charge against the officer. A report of the circumstances were forwarded to the Commissioners of Police, and the matter was directed to be investigated in this court. In cross-examination by Mr. Edwin, complainant said that all she had known of the prisoner was his being in the force for some years, and on duty near her house at times. When she spoke to him on the way to the railway she was perfectly sober. She had had nothing to drink whatever, and was not in the habit of drinking. When she accompanied him to the ruins of the late fire, she had no idea of his wicked intentions, as he knew that she was a respectable married woman, and had a large family. She did not fly at him, but she got away from him as soon as he commenced his indecency, and went to the station-house to complain of him. The complainant's sister said she was at her house on the night in question, when she left to fetch her children from the railway station. She was perfectly sober. She never saw her drink to excess. Mr. Edwin here said that he had evidence to contradict the statement of the complainant. His client denied ever attempting to commit any in decency. At her wish he accompanied her to the ruins of the fire, and she was under the influence of drink. ------- Mr. Combo told Mr. Edwin that the prosecutrix had given her evidence in a straightforward manner, and it had not been shaken by the rigid cross-examination ; therefore, unless he would allow him to deal with the case, he must send it to the sessions. Mr. Edwin said his client pleaded not guilty, therefore he must go to the sessions, when r.e should be able to produce evidence to rebut the charge. Mr. Combo accordingly committed him for trial. WE STMINSTER.-- THE MURDER IN WEST MINSTER.—WiIIiam Maloney was brought up for re-examination before Mr. Arnold, charged with the wilful murder of his wife. Mr. Bury Hutchinson, solicitor, appeared on behalf of the accused. The court was, as on the previous examinations, densely crowded. Mr. Hutchinson having expressed a wish to put some further questions, Mr. Arnold assented, when Sergeant Mason and Eliza Ducklow were placed in the witness-box, the former to prove that the accused had repeatedly, when first apprehended, said that his wife had frequently declared her in tention of destroying herself, and the latter, to show that if she had stabbed herself when stand. ing by the table, she would not have fallen where the last-named witness saw her. She must have been standing near the door. Her face was towards the tea-tray, behind which the knife was found, and her feet behind the room door. Joseph Saunders, the witness produced on the former examination, who declared he saw the blow, underwent a long and rigid cross-examination as to his antecedents, and the events of the day in question ; but his evidence was only a repetition of what has been fully detailed already. The questions put to him were multiplied so fast that, Mr. Arnold suggested that more time should be allowed the witness to reply ; and, Upon Mr. Hutchinson observing that it was per haps better to have direct answers from a witness first, and explanations afterwards, The worthy magistrate replied that he thought the witness had answered the questions very well indeed. In answer to questions from Mr. Arnold, witness repeated that he told his wife what had happened when ho got home that night, and he never saw any newspaper containing an account of the trans action the next day, nor heard of it in his neigh bourhood. He next mentioned it to the friend who brought him to this court. Inspector Humphreys suggested a question through the magistrates—Did witness meet and speak to any one near Leg-court, Peter-street, shortly before the occurrence he saw ? Witness replied—Yes, William Bray, a police man of the A division. Mr. Humphreys said he could call another per son who could prove seeing Saunders go up Leg court at the time in question. Mr. Arnold replied,—l do not think the witness requires confirmation. Cornelius O'Connor was then called, and repeated evidence already given. Mr. Humphreys said he was competent to make an important addition. Prisoner in his last ex amination had said his " wife was upon the drink" all the previous day, and that it was through his chiding her for it that she stabbed herself. Witness proved that deceased, ner husband, and some friends all spent the evening of the previous day together. Mr. Hutchinson having spoken of the possibility of the knife having been thrown by the deceased, after committing the act, where it was found, Mr. Arnold observed that, if the evidence was to be relied on, the knife was moved after the unfortu nate woman's decease. Robert White, 100 B, was now called as a wit ness. He said—On Tuesday afternoon, after pri soner had been removed from the court, I was clean ing the cells out. Prisoner, who was in No. 6, asked me for water, and I gave him some. Knowing the man, I called him by name, when he said, " It is a bad job, but I am sorry I did it." Cross. examined—l did not come into court and mention itabut I told Inspector Firman directly afterwards. I did not mention it at the coroner's inquest. I was not there. I knew the inquest was to be held. I did not know that inspector Firman might not have mentioned it in order that I should be there. I did not go to the cell and ask prisoner whether he should like some tobacco. He said he was dying for a bit, and I gave him a quarter of an ounce, which he put in his mouth. Pris.mer was remanded till Saturday next for the depositions to be completed. GREENWICH. SHOCKING MURDER ON BOARD AN AMERICAN SHIP.—John Speller, aged 19, of morose appearance, a seaman on board the American ship Bosphorus, now lying in the Com mercial docks, Rotherhithe, was charged with stabbing and causing the death of William Dixon, and also with feloniously cutting and wounding Thomas Porter. Thomas Porter, the injured man, whose right arm was bandaged,. said I am a seaman on board the American ship Bosphorus, and the prisoner was also a seaman on board the same vessel, which arrived in the Commercial docks on Friday afternoon from Quebec. The prisoner had been in the forecastle nearly all the day, and as we entered the dock, the mate called all hands on deck. I then went into the forecastle, and told two seamen to come out. The prisoner was there at that time, and I after wards told him to come on deck and work. The prisoner replied that he would not go until I had gone. I went to pull him by the collar, and he " tackled" me. A scuffle took place, and in the scuffle I was cut in the arm through the muscle. I knocked the prisoner down, and called for a man whom we call "Liverpool" to come and help me. A seaman named Callaghan called out that I was stabbed, and I then saw blood coming from my arm through my shirt. I jumped on to a chest, and at that time the deceased man Dixon came into the forecastle as the prisoner was going out and tried to get the knife from his hand. The prisoner was standing near the door, and he and Dixon were face to face with one another. The prisoner then lifted his arm and stabbed Dixon in the neck. There were no words spoken. The prisoner then rushed out of the forecastle with the knife in his hand, and after ran past me running aft I went afetedrrohpipd the knife forward, m, but he e and was secured. He to the ship and a Custom and a boy belonging house officer found it. I found Dixon lying in the main hatch bleeding f rom a wound in the neck, and he died about five minutes afterwards. Mr. Trailt—ln what state were you and the pri soner and Dixon with regard to drink ? Witness—Th e prisoner was sober, but had had . somotlaing to drink. I had drunk two glosoof gin during the afternoon, and Dixon had had two glasses of rum. The knife, such as is carried by so amen, and termed a " sheath knife," was here produced, stained with blood, it was identified as that the prisoner had in his hand. John Galbraith, a seaman, corroborated the evi dence of the last witness, and aid—When called out of the forecastle, I and Callaghan and the prisoner were getting out our clothes to go on shore. I caught Dixon after he was stabbed, by the prisoner, and dragged him across the main mast to get son.iething to stop up the wound, the blood at that time pouring out as from a spout. Before he stabbed Dixon, the prisoner had been asking for some money for clothes he had sold • him, and Dixon told him , he had lost all the amount except ls. izl a bet. I saw Dixon offer the • prisoner a shilling, avd he took it, saying he would I have the rest of the money, and he would see about it. _ The Prisoner—He did no such thing. Mr. W. C. Faraker, assistant to Dr. Cregeen, of Rotherhithe, deposed to the nature of the injuries sustained by the deceased, and stated that he sub sequently examined Porter, lyut did not apprehend any fatal result from his injuries at present. The prisoner having declined to put any ques tions to the witnesses, _ Mr. Traill said the prisoner would be committed for trial for the murder of Dixon, and also for cut ting and wounding Porter, but as it was necessary to have the evidence of the mate, who saw him drop the knife, and that of the lad who picked it up, he would be again brought up for completion of the depositions. The several witnesses examined were then bound. over to appear and give evidence against the pri soner at the next Old Bailey Sessions. EMBEZZLEMENT BY A RAILWAY CLERK. On Saturday last a young man about 30 years of age, named Joseph Carr, was brought before the magistrates at Carlisle, charged with having em bezzled various sums of money, the property of the Maryport and Carlisle Railway Company. The prisoner was chief clerk in the parcels office of the joint station at Carlisle, where, until these de falcations were discovered, he bore the character of an upright and industrious young man. The sums which the prisoner had appropriated to his own use were sums paid for the carriage of fish from Whitehaven to Carlisle. It was the duty of the prisoner upon the arrival of each train to copy the waybills into a book kept for that purpose, and debit the railways to whom the parcels were to be transferred at Carlisle with the amount due to the Mary port and Carlisle for carriage from White haven to Carlisle. These sums he received daily from the clerk in the booking office at Carlisle, and they should have appeared to his own debit in a daily statement of account which he rendered to the Maryport Company, whose head office is at Mary port. The charges now preferred against him were that he had received various sums of money from the booking-office clerk on account of the Maryport and Carlisle Company which he had appropriated to his own use, and not accounted for in his daily statements sent to Maryport. Six or seven charges were preferred, but only one gone into. On the 7th of January last the prisoner received parcels from. Whitehaven to be forwarded to Edinburgh, Glas gow, and Dumfrieo, chiefly consisting of fish. He had received £1 lg. 7d. from the Scotch railway companies to the credit of the Maryport line for the carriage, but he had only debited himself with Bd. in his daily statern ent. The discrepancies were eventually discovered a.t the London Clearing-house, and the accountant of the Maryport and Carlisle Railway was sent down to examine the prisoner's books, suspicion having fallen upon him. Defal cations to a considerable extent were then discovered in the accounts of the last eix months, and it is be lieved that they have extended over a much longer period. Papers from Maryport and letters ad dressed to the manager, which had been intercepted by the prisoner, were found in his desk. Evidence having been given in support of the charge, the magistrates committed the prisoner to take his trial at the ensuing sessions. COUNTRY DIABABTS. CAMBRIDGE-BEPT. 7. A moderate supply of wheat to-day. With a fair de mand, prices for old and new qualities were is to 2s over last week's rates—white, from 54s to 60s ; red, 48s to 555. Barley a steady inquiry, malting 34s to 375, grinding 27s to 325. Oats varied from 24s t0:3'33. Beans were at ra ther higher rates, from 42s to 47s per qr. NORWICH-SErr. 7. The attendance of factors and farmers to-day was large, and wheat was in good supply, principally of the new crop, which realised is to 2s over the prices of last week; old sorts also is dearer. New barley in moderate supply. Little doing in oats, beans, or peas. Flour Is up. White wheat 60s to 62s f Red wheat 57s to 60s Malting bar1ey....458 to 478 I Chevalier barley 41s to 448 New d 0...... 37s to 39s I Oats. Flour, 3ss Gd to 39s 6d per sack from the Miller. LEICESTER—SETT. 7. A less supply:of wheat to-day. Trade firm, and late prices advanced 2s per qr for new wheat. White wheat, 52s to 638 —red, 44s to 56s per 36 stone. Barley was in tolerable show, grinding, 30s to 33s ; malting, 37s to 40s per qr.; oats, 25s to 34s per 24 stone. Beans were scarce, at 368 to —s; new, 36s to 46s per 38 stone. Fine flour, 44s J Seconds, 40$ Thirds, 36s per 20 stone. YORK— SEPT. 7. At this market to-day wheat was in limited supply, but some very fine samples came to hand and sold at an advance of 2s per qr. Barley met with a quiet sale, and late rates about supported. Oats, with a brisk demand, wer e the turn higher. Beans were steady, at fully last week's prices. Wheat, red 54s to 588 1 Oats.... 26s to 28s White do sBs to 62s ( Beans 48: to 50 8 Barley . 34 s to 40 s ! Peas ••...-8 to -- 8 Malt, 70s to 72s per qr. ; rye, 34s per qr. ; flour, 41s'' to 43s per sack. NORTHAMPTON-SEPT. 7. At this corn-market the supply of wheat was middling, but the demand active, at 2s advance—from 36s to 'sos for old, and 53s to 58s for new. A healthy trade in barley— malting 36s to 38s, grinding 28s to 35s per qr. Oats in moderate show, and prices improved—•quoted at 24s to 35s per 24 stone. Beans, old, 35s to 46s ; peas, 36s to 445. Rye, 37s to 425; malt, 708 to 74s ; flour, 42s to —s per sack. THE MAILS. MAIL: DUB. A.ut,traha, Ceylon, and Mauritius (via South- ampton) ... Sept. 18. (via Marseilles) Sept. 12. . Oct. 3. - - Do. Brazil and Cape Verds .. • • - - Buenos Ayres, Monte Video, &c. .• • • Cuba and Mexico .. .. .. .. .. Sept. 28. Canada, &e. (via L' derry) .. .• .. Se p t. 11. Cape of Good Hope, &c. .. • • .. . • Oct. 1. China, Penang, and Singapore (via S'ampton) Sept. 18. Do (via Marseilles) Sept. 12. Gibraltar (via Southampton) .. .. .. Sept. 10. India(Calcutta), Ceylon, &c. (via Southampton) Sept. 18. Do. (via Marseilles) Sept. 12. India (Bombay), (via Southampton) .. ... Sept. 10. Do. (via Marseilles) .. • . Overdue. .. .. Sept. 11. . Lisbon - - Malta, Egypt, and Aden (via Southam ton) .. Sept. 10. Do. (via Marseilles) .. Overdue. Vigo, and Oporto .. Sept. 11. United States, California &c. Sept. 12. Western Coast of Africa ' , Madeira, Teneriffe .. Sept, 10. West Indies and Pacific, Carthagena, Cuba, &e. Sept. 13. [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway's Ointment and Pills. — Bought Experience.—To sufferers from the racking pains of rheumatism and gout, these soothing remedies will prove a perfect God-send. They lessen the inflammation and re move the exquisite sensibility of the nerves, when pain gradually ceases. The ointment disperses all blotches or pimples which can spot the fairest skin, and renders it soft and silky. The pills root out all morbid matters and relieve the system of deteriorating influences which haunt ourdaily life and make us miserable. They obtain and maintain the m ost robust health. Holloway's ointment and pills have been long commended for curing all sorts ot sores, ulcers, inflammations, dyspeptic symptoms, flatulency, heartburn, and constipation. They constitute a complete materia me dics in themselves. BIRTHS. JEBB.—On tho sth inst., at Boston, in Lincolnshi re , G e orgians, the wife of John Joshua Jebb : Esq., of a son. H O LLAND. —On the sth inst., at 25, Rutland-gate, the wife of H. T. Holland, Esq., of a daughter. STANLEY. —On the sth inst., at H en d on , Middl esex , th e w ife of Rear-Admiral Stanley, of a son. _ MARRIAGES. BEETON—RAMIE.—On the 7th inst., at Hampstead parish church, Edmund Martin, youngest son of Robt. Beeton, Esq., Prospect-place. Bow-road, to Julia Mary Jose phine, the youn ges t d aug h ter o f t h e l a t e Ch ar l es F ranc is Ramie Esq., Ronseviile, Jersey. SEYMOUR—HOSTE.—On the 4th inst., at St. Peter's, Pim lico, Captain George Henry Seymour, R.N., C-8., the second son of Admiral Sir George Seymour, G.C.8., to Sophia Margaret, the eldest daughter of the late Derick Mate, Esq., of Barwick House, Norfolk. A '1 - - - - BLAIR.—On the 29th ult., at Senarclens, in Switzerland Richard Blair, Esq., of Franklin Manor, N ova S co ti a , formerly of Castle Bromwich, Warwickshire, youn ges t son of the late Alexander Blair, Esq,, of Portland place, aged 79. CuTnusit.—On the 6th inst., at Highgate, Sarah, widow of the late Mr. William Cutbush, of the Highgate Nur- series, aged 67. GOIILD.—On the 6th inst., at Windsor, Mrs. Gould, the mother of John Gou ld, Es q ., F. R.S., &c aged 39• llAttudsos.—On the 4th inst., John Harrison, Esq., of Elmc Wandsworth, Surrey. mAA:r. Lodge,O n the 30th ult., at In verness , J o h n M ac k a y, _- E s q., Procurator -Fiscal for the county, aged 70. PARRY. —On the 2d inst., at Claughton, Chas. Ellis Parry, Esq., aged 60. P HI LLIPS. —On the Bth inst., a t W eymou th, Ed war d W. Phillips, Esq., of Melk s h aui , Wilts. LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG, at No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TUE Sun Office, No. 112,Stranri, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County of Middlesex, Atondq l September 9 1 ISM. , C TIT] Mel Bru ton, tun lral OX and min 9311 F. Bs.),