The Sun. — London, England, 1856-08-21 00:00:00

, R. ALBERT SMIT Et'S MONT BLANC TIT HOLLAND, In) the R HIN] I, aryl PiARIS, is NOW OPE N EVERY EVENING (except Saturda: 9. at h o'clock. Stalls (which can be taken from a plan at the b, 7t oflic e, every day between eleven and four, without any extra ch tri :e), area, us. ; gallery, le. The Morning Representations take p 1 ace every Tin - edgy, Thurs. ‘lay, and Saturday, at Three o'clock.— F yt.tian Hall, Piccadilly. MONT BLANC will Close for the sa aeon on Saturday cvenlng, Aug. 30th. DR. KAHN'S ANATOI 4ICAL MUSEUM , 4, Coventry-street, Leicehter-scr lam—Open (for Gentlemen only) from 10 till 10, containing i,ip^c: rds of one thousand models and preparations, illustrating every pa •t of the human frame In health and disease, the race of men, &c . Lectures delivered at 12, 2, and half-past 7, by Dr. G. SEXTOD , PAUL& ; and a new and highly-interesting series of Lectures is now in course of delivery by Dr. Kelm, at 4 p.m. precisely, Mt - fission, One Shilling. LAST WEEK IN It ONDON. - - - - MR. W. S. WOODIN'S r AO of ODDITIES. TO-NIGFLT and every evening, at B . —The ahoy() entertain ment has received novel additions. Vocal an, I Visua t, including a New loco-Joko-Motive Lyric, entitled OFF BY 1 'BE i RAIy, illustrated by numerous changes, facial, lingual, and cor ro. - eal. Mr. W. S. Wood i n as Mrs. Florence, in the " Yankee Girl," wi !It the bags of "It bbing around," and " Pally, wcn't you try me, olt !"- —Polygraphic-hall, King William•street, Charing-cross. RiCiYAL SURREY GARDEN'S. —ln conse quence of the necessary pr.parations f ,r the Crawl Dinner ti, the Onard3 on Monday, August 25, there wil I be NO PERFORM' - ANCE on SATURDAY next. The Morning ( !oncert will commew on Saturday, at 2 o'clock. Admission Is. as anal. ROYAL SURREY GARDEN 8.-JULLIEY'S CONCERTS THIS EVENING (Th' UNday).—lmmense suc cess of the Zmuve Quadrille, in which are. Introduced the Zour.Te Clarions of the Ist and 2d Regiment of the. Imperial Guard, whose permission (rein the French authorities positively expires on Sept. 5. Madame Rudarsdorff every evening, vocal ar .d instrumental soloist— Colossal Pictures of Constantinople and the. Xlpn—Turkish Kiosk and Illuminated Terrace—Enormous Glacier an d Fafry Caverns—Bril liant Pyrotechnic Display and Emblematical Tableau. Admission Is. On SATURDAY, August 23. a GRAND MORNING CONCERT, commencing at 2 o'clock. Admission Is. S ea t s i n th e Music Hall j and Firework Balcony (including admission 1 o Gardens), 2s. 6d., may be secured at the Gardens, and at Julliec and Co.'s, 214, Regent- t street. ROYAL SURREY GARDENI3.-JULLIEN'S CONCERTS EVERY EVENING.— -GRAND MORNING CONCERT on SATURDAY. August 23.—1 t having been represented to the Directors that a large number of influential families resideiat within railway distance are unable to avail them selves of the attrr 4 c. tions of the Gardens, on account of the early dep: trture of the tre' f , s , it is respectfully announced that a GRAN)) MOB NING CONCi ART will take place on SATURDAY, A ugus t 23 , in i which all the most successful pieces performed since the commencement of M. Jo'in e w s Concerts will be Introduced. Concert at 2 o'clock. Admiss,,,n, Is. Private 'loxes. to adraitSlX persons, 11. Is., to be had at the Gard ens , and at Jallien and Co.'s, 214, Regent-street. 4NTERBIJRY HALL, Wcst rainster -road. —OPEN EVERY EVENING.—The celebrated RUN BAND, under the direction of Herr Ker.° CDT, WI II perform every Evening at 9 and 11 o'clock, In addition to the ' fsual Vocal ntertainment The following company of talent e , l r ucalists are Permanently engaged for the performance of Selecti an s from all the Popular Operas, Mairlgals, Choruses, Duets, &c. , : Mrs. J. Caulfield, Miss Brunel, Miss Sommers, and Miss Pee re3e ; Sam Cowell, Mr. .T. Caulfield, Herr F. longhmans S. Jones, T. Farrant, W. Melling, Barker, Russell Grover, and P. Corrie ; ',fasters E. Con- Sell, Austin, and Bennett, and Mr. T. Mackney. Pianoforte, Mr. J. Harroway, R.A. , harmonium, J. Caulfield, j xs„ ; director, Mr. J. Caulfield. Commence at seven o'clock precise Suppers, &c., until twelve o'clock. METROPOLITAN COT INTIES and GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SO CIETY, 27, Regent atreet, Waterloo-place, London. Ca - dtal, 100, , 100/. TRIISTER3. Rt. Tin. Spencerli. Walpole,M.P. Richard Sp o oner , E sq., M P. henry Peter Faller, Esq. I E. Vansitt art Neale, Esq. Life Assurance business transacted in all it s branches. N.B. The bonus declared r t the last divisi on of profits averaged 33 per cent. on all the premiums paid. F. FERGUSON C AMROUX, Manager. N OTICE to CREDITORS.— Court of Chancery, in Ireland.—ln the matter of J 4 :NNE TOTTENHAM, a Lunatic, and of the 11th George IV., and Ist William IV., chapter 6 5 and section 33.—Pursuant to the order 4)f the Lord Chancellor of Ireland made in this matter on the 28th e ay a June, 1856, I hereby require all persons claiming to be Creditor a of Miss Anne Tottenham, residing at 25, Thurloe-squire, Brompton in the county of Middlesex, ngland, to furnisn the particulars of tin tr demands, verified by affi davit, to Mr. R. I. Butt, of No. 97, G eat Russell-street. Blooms bury, I n **county of Middlesex, the sol e'er of Mrs. Dorothea Tot tenharn, the committee of the fortune o' : the Lunatic in this matter, Sri or before the Ist day of October nex in order that the amount of their debts may be reported by me a 1,1 afterwards paid out of the thuds •f the said Lunatic, now in the lank of Ireland to the credit o Ws matter. Dated this 9th day of August, IRE k WILLIAM HE NN. RCHWEPPS MAT 'VERN SELTZER. WATER.—Having leased t so Holy Well Spring at Malvern, W re nowned for its purity. J. S. and Co. can now produce a SELTZER ATER with all the Chemical at tdMedicinal Properties which have ndered the Nassau Spring so ce , ebrated. They continue manufac turing SODA, MAGNESIA, and POTASS WATERS and LEMON ADE, at London, Liverpool, Br, viol, and Derby. Every Bottle is protected by a .Med Label bearing their signatures. LAPPETITE AND) RGESTION IMPROVED. EA and PERRI- KS' WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE imparts the rn ast exquisite relish to Steaks, Chops, and all Roast Meat Gravies, Fish, Game, Soup, Curries, and Salad, arid by its tonic and invigorr king properties enables the stomach to Perfectly digest the food. The daily useof this aror iatic and delicious Sauce is the best safe nerd to h ea l th. Lodon Sold by the proprietors. Lea and Perrin', 19, Fenckurch- s t reet , n, and 68, Broad-st zeet, Worcest er ; a l so b y Messrs. Barclay Lon Sons, Messrs, Crosse and Blackwell, and other oilmen and teen chants, London •; and gei le rally by the principal dealers in sauce. N.R.---To guard Again It imitations, see that the names of "LEA Ihd PERRIN'S" are upo a the label and patent cap of the bottle. GREY HAIR , RESTORED to its ORIGINAL G.._ CO LOUR wit' 1 ease, safety , and certainty, by the PATENT '' GALVANIC COMB' I and BRUSHE'4, which are ale , an un f a i l i ng rramed eted y for nervo us headache and all neura l g i c affections. Illus t pamphlets," Why Hair becomes Gr e y, and i ts Remedy, " gratis, or by post for four ' tamps. Neuralgia, and all Rheumatic affections ties p er fectly Brad' rated by the Patent G a l van i c Flesh Brushes, the t safe, -ImPle• and efficient galvanic instruments extant : patro hilted by the facu ity. Offices : —F. M. HERRING, 32, Basinghall- St reet. Agents : - -Ch i ld, South Gallery, Crystal Palace ; Savory and Moore ; Atkinso n, 24, Old B on d- street ; Godfrey and Cooke, Conduit sttreet ; Hendrl , l, 12, Tichbor ne - s t ree t ; Tw i nberrnw, 2, Edwards sreet, Portmal 1-9 guars ; Saunders, 315 B, Winter. '205, and Kennedy, 166, Oxford-B%re et ; Ross, 119, Bishopsgate-street ; Rimmell, Ger -I*d-street, Fior,o ; Worn, 17, Dawson-street, and Birch, I, Moles- Wo rth -street .. D üblin. Sold by all chemists and perfumers of repute. I'IATIONAL SAVINGS-BANK ASSO 14C1A.1210X (Limited). 50, King William-street, City, Lon : „Inc°, porated, pursuant to " The Joint-Stock Companies Act ?•Preen Capital £IO,OOO. in 10,000 paid-up Shares of XI to be increased to £lOO,OOO. Thir - PATRONS AND HONORARY REFER social e• Gentlemen of the highest monetary and social status con nected with the City of Landow. 71 TRUSTEES. Fr ry Hall Dare, Ecq , 90, Ebury-street. derie Doulton, Enq , Lambeth, and Manor beuse, Dulwich -cern. Mon. ° a>l Wiliam Williamson, Esq., 5, Serle-street, Lincoln's-inn-fields, 4, DIRECTORS. Man " • Wil. liamson, Esq., 8, Serle-street, Lincoin's-inn.fleids, Chair kennett. Esq., 180, High-street, Boro', and Creswell-park, Black. hath. '4llel Lee S. Benson, Esq., F . S . A ., 4 7 , Cornhill, and Priory-lodge, , " Blackheath. Brown. Esq., 34, Gracechurch- s t ree t, an d L ower Edmonton. 1, 1 7 gall D are, Esq., 90, Ebury-street. redone Doulton, Esq., Lambeth, and Manor-house, Dulwich-corn mon• '"• Hawkins, 8.A., 50, King William-street, City (Resident). ward James Oliver, Esq., Newington-causeway. i"PQMas Riddell, Esq., 40, Olbson.square, Islington. F- Wagstaffe, Esq., 10, Walcot-place West, Kennington .4l,rroad• ?, A. Watts, Esq., 12, ride-road. St. John's . --me rlesJohn Wilson, Esq ßg ~ 32, Cadogan-place. w od. e• AUDITORS. Irj,'• Lawson, Esq., F.1.A., 14, waterloo-place, Pall Mall. ' lll _ ,, an F. Pater, Esq., Mount-pleasant, Barnsbury. r rysiciAN.—H. G. Noyes, Esq., M.D., 31, Finsbury-circus. SURQEON. —Buxt)ii Shillitoe, E'q , 31, Finsbury-circus. SURVEYORS. Mews. Haslam and Rockland, 89, Cannon-street West. William Rogers, Esq., 13a, Cannon-row, Westminster. Soucyroas Messrs. Brady and Son, 1, Staple-inn. Jeint-Stock Breits.—The Londoank Thl Association on has has been forme.' n to consolidate ß and improve the 14' 71e 1-is-Flank system ; to offer better interest than has h i therto , v e n aliovre wand for un , imited deposit ; nuans of convenient 'lhdrowal perfect security to the Depo=itor. c u ,he U npopularity of the present system. its acknowleclzed lose terity to Depo.itors, expense of management, and low rate of in ber:P. are uniyersally acknowled;zed : while in strong contrast are AL.crited the advanta.es of the new system of the National Savings -zelation. The proof of the necessity which exists for this Association will •;:, found in the fact that there are no less than 483 places, with than 3000 inhabitants each, that havßank ; - "2arti al in, operation is the pres en t system. e nut a Savings- Directors propose to supply this deficiency by the gradual e abe t s/intent of branches : also to keep at the Head Oflice a dupli ilte of every account in the country ; to strike the balance at the th e ., 94 , Office every June and December, from the weekly returns of 748 branches of the Association ; sad to exhibit the numbers of each - boek, with th e b a l ance due, as ascertained by such returns, i t TerY June will cause and December in each Branch Bank. After Jly, 1867, returns of the Association, duly certified by u the Audi- Za. to be made fie ry Shareholder. in January and July, and a copy to be Sent to tio?e ill Directors expect that the National Savings-Bank Associa- Aid wbe a .le to pay its shareholders &large dividend on all cash up on shares. OPplleation for Shares may now be ad 'ressied to the Directors of e i r SaYings-Bank Association (limited), 00 , Ki ng William !et, Ci y, Loudon. th aboveentlemen,—l request you will a ll o t t o me Shares in undertaking—wich, or any less number yen may allot to ),Z. I Will accept. herewith I forward ss. per share, and agree to 16 8. per share within one month after allotment. I am, Gentlemen, your obedient Servant, Srarne in fall ...... ......... A ddress in full . • b ete of Application........ • • • • • • ..day 0f........ •. . t eferenco •• •• ..185 CITY OF LONDON SA.TINGS-BANK, Branch No. lof the National Savings-Bank Association (Li s'4). Incorporated. 50, King William-street, City, London. AND AFTER THE IST SEPTEMBER, 1856, the City of London 44,:'48-Bank Will be open Daily from 10 to 4 o'clock ; also on Tues +l and Saturdays from 6 to i 8 o'clock in the Evening. v -4,nw AND IMPORTANT DISCOVERY IN THE SCIENCE OF MEDICINE. .ent Office Feat of Oreat Britain. Diplome d'Ecole de Pharmacia I' harmacien de Paris. Imperial College of Medicine. Vienna. tI ev 4III :ESEHAR No. 1,2, and 3, prepared in the form of a lozenge P o i ~4 of taste or smell, and can be carried In the waistco a t pocket 111 tin cases, divided int o separdte doses, as administered by Pl pe a% Lelleraand, Roux, Ricord, & c., I RIESEMAR No. 1 is a Remedy for RE TAXATION, SPERMATORREICEA, and a ll the distressin lte - ' e quences arising from early abuse, indiscriminate excesses, or too lit re ! r esidence in hot climates. It has res t ored bodily , and sextill t,,,,,41fth and vigour to thousands of debilitated individuals who ar o c l: In the enjoyment of health and the Functions of Manhood ; an • 14: l ever may be the cause for DISQUALIFICATIONS Discovery —(I E, they are effectually subdued by this Wonderful TRIESEMAR No. 11., 44:chiefly, in the short space of three days, completely and entirely ro4 l eates all traces of Gonorrhcea, both in its mild and aggravated Irrit Cle ets, Strictures, Irritation of the Bladder, Non-retenUon of lop a ~Pains of the Loin s an d Kid neys, and those d isor d ers which tut i ,`"r; and Cubebs have so long been thought an antidote for, to the O f the health of a vast portion of the popul a tion. to i TRIE-4:MAR No. 111., Cot great Continental Remedy for Syphilis and Secondary symp /t also constitutes a certain cure for Scurvy, Scrofula, and all the s Bofleous EruPtions, removing and expelling in its course all cor . ruf. and impurities from the vital stream, as altogether to eradicate th re , , -us of disease, and expell it with the insensible perspiration te N , g the medium of the peres of the skin and urine, and is a Zqailing remedy for that class of di:orders which unfortunately _h,glish Physician treats with Mercury, to the inevitable.lestrue the „,.!t the patient's constitutio n , and which all the sarsaparilla in p:,°rd cannot restore. ea, e 4 ;ee lls., or four cases in one for 335., which saves 1 ls., and in 51. hereby there is a saving of 11. 12s. To be had wholesale and reran London, of Johnson, 68, Cornhill ; Hannay and Co., 63, ,reet; Sanger, 150, Oxford -street ;R. H. Ingham, druggist, 46, 1304et-Street, Manchester ; U. Bradbury, bookseller, Deansgate, hoe 41 J. Priestly, chemist, Si, Lord-street, Liverpool ; Powell, 1 11 kBellt r, 15 Westmoreland-street, Dublin ; beaseller, Itlitreeta3l4% . , ~ • c oi\inc. :::: 14 : 4t454 41 " :'11 :1: 1 •: : ::: . , - _ ~.. ~„, t , . - itccor 11 *c. „ -, •.* , . ‘,,,, , 0.1:11 • /Lt d , i / i ' *=' 1' . .-4.\ , F:...A." , .••••. ,„ ” • ir, ) titt • . ..• .. . '''''' • - ' 4,. °1. A '-•., ._:.:.: / '-':.; ~, • .....1. I , .... • • . t& ; '--,* ". ',\ < --=' ' 1 ' , 1, •.,‘ 91 : '.'",,..,6'.,....c:ek. „ . „ .._..._...\;. ~• ' _ A 41 16 1 1, A / )." '.. e e • - s' ,., i'•A ••*,*: 7 , V-.. 4.... , -*" •-•-t. _ - _. 1 01 > ' , .. '' • ~:. Q ;, -- 7. , •, - -J ' • gat • A :i e t 17 fp" V- ,i 'I- , /,, -. ~f, 4 1i, . .. 4; ',:-,;,,,,, - : ,:;t • 4.` '''';;. :K± IT It) • "...... _ .. 0c,4 ' c 9./ - • ,-.• 7., , , ~ , . „, . ....,,, i ',, .., r , cj.,..., 114, i .,... _......,,, - ~.., "lA , z ,,, , ,,, -'' _,-,,,,- ~ , ~.._ . „...0 ,,,, 4 4 `..., , , , t7 ----,, -, A' . .. 1 ~ I_:'. c. ,,, 7 ,., 1 ", , ` „,.. : .... '4 ..:...tir . 4 l' ''''' I a- Slr... ~,,,,,),, ''';'::7'A,' c,t, , 4,/ ,, -------- , ~...„. P 2 N , , ~ ..A9/7 645 - - CI ‘-t. ."- r , A whole subject on which so little light can be thrown. We are working very much iu the dark ; wo have little ex perience ti appeal to; all estimates as to numbers have hitherto been mere guesses, and those guesses differ from one another as wid .ly its is possible. I speak with some hesitation when I say that, when the reformatory system comes fully into operation, I think you will not be suffi ciently prepared to meet all contingencies, unless you rec kon on a yearly influx of from 2,000 to 3,000 boys. The term of detention being at the utmost five years, but two thirds of that time being the average, you might, according to that estimate, have at one time about 10,00.) in process of reclamation. I hope lam exaggerating the require ments of the case. Nevertheless, when I reflect that the cost per head to the State of each criminal so reclaimed i‘ only 131. yearly, and that from this must be deducted the sums recovered from the parents, I confess there appears to me no danger of our burdening the finances with a de inand disproportionate to the importance of the object in view. When we speak of the possible cost of reformatories, it is well to remember the certain cost of crime. We are too apt, in dealing with such subjects, to think only of the taxes which we pay to Government, and to forget the taxes which we pay to those whom it is the object of Government to put down. It sounds almost incredible, but it is on record (I quote it, valeat quantum) that a com mittee appointed by the authorities of Liverpool to inves tigato losses caused by theft placed those losses at the sum 700,000/. Mr. Clay, of Preston, has assumed the average income of a successful thief at 1001. yearly; and in the Case of 14 prisoners whose history he investigated, he found that besides the loss which their depredations might have caused the average cost of their apprehension, maintenance, prosecution; "'hand::. punishment was 521. a piece. Similarly, Mr. Rushton, writing, in 1842, to the corporation of Liverpool, referred to the ease of 14 prison ers, whom he estimated as having caused a dead leas to the community of between 2,0001. and 3,0001. We have heard of gaols costing 1501. or 200'. per cell ; there are some which have far exceeded this estimate. We know how little productive prison labour can be made ; and in esti mating the injury produced by crime, we must take into account the annoyance, the fear, and the trouble caused, which generally far exceed in importance to the sufferer the pecuniary loss itself. Financiers have an axiom that a little uncertainty in a tax is worse than a great deal of inequality. Now, obviously, no tax is so uncertain, both in amount and time of collection, none is so vexatious as regards the manner of collecting, as that which falls upon us in the shape of loss by robbery. Passing from the ques tion of numbers, let us consider whether there exists any chance of juvenile crime decreasing through other agencies than oars. We all know—we have hoard them again and again —what are the principal causes of adult crime. Early ignorance, vicious associations, habitual intemper ance (the most powerful demoralising agent of all), and imperfection in police arrangements, whereby the example is held out of offences committed without detection. Po verty and distress are also operatinrinfluence s ; but to what extent they operate is a question much disputed. The specific agencies at work in creating juvenile criminality have been anal] sod with great minuteness by Mr. Clay, of Preston, than whom no man is better known in connection with reformatory movements. He found that in 75 per cent. of the oases investigated by him the fault of the chil dren lay unmistakeably at the door of the parents. In 57 per cent. of these cases there had been habitual drunkenness, often accompanied by brutality, on the part of the father ; in the remaining 18 per cont. habitual indifference and neglect,— that is to say, in three cases out of every four of juvenile delinquency which came before .him the pri soner had had hardly a chance of becoming anything but what he was. Mr. Clay's calculation is corroborated by another which I extract from an able and useful pamphlet by Mr. Adshead. He states that, from an inquiry made into the oases of 100 criminal childrea at Manchester, in 1840, the following results were elicited : pcirn of dishonest parents ft(ll Parents profligate, but not of the criminal class 30 Patents honest and industrious the parent shall be made to pay the greater part at least of the expense incurred by detention. That is not an empty threat. Mr. Morgan, who is employed• by the Home-014e to see it executed, states in a letter weice I have here, that 69 persons have been summoned for the recovery of contributions due. Of these 22 did not appear, and ten cases, from insufficiency of evidence, were not preSse i. In the remaining 47 orders have been made, and are psid iu nearly every instance. This statement excludes altogether paytrents made not under compulsion, of which the num ber is expected to be large. So much to show that this pro vision of the act is not, and will not be, a dead letter. Let your school, your farm, your whole institution, in all its °ranches, be so plain, so homely, so unattractive in its outward aspect that the poerest cotteger may enter it, and say, "My children are better off than these." Aed what I say of externals applies in some degree, though in a less degree, to the nature of the teaching given. You have no right to hold out as the reward of juvenile crime a supe rior training to any trade requiring skill, a higher degree of instruction, intellectual or mechanical, than that which the common working man receives. The object in vidw is not an intellectual object—it is a moral and industrial ono. Cleanliness, temperance, honesty, hard work— these are what you want your inmates to learn and to practia; and, although no one who has the capm&ty to excel should be restrained from so doing, yet I will go so far as to affirm, that, viewed with reference to the general effect of these schools, it is not to be desired ----it is rather to be deprecated —that many of those who pass through them should rise above the level of the class from which they are taken. Don't misunderstand me. There are no other educational establishments in ex istence concerning which I would hold that language ; but the one peril which most constantly besets us—the one peril to guard against which no recaps must be left untried —.is that of leading the poor and the ignorant to say— " We are neglected as long as we behave properly ; if we break the law and become troublesome to society, then we and our children are Looked ater." These two rules, then, I lay down emphatically ; the first concerns Government only —" Make the parent pay wherever You can." The se cond concerns all who have anything to do with reforms ! tories—" Don't let theta be show-places; don't try, to edu cate the pupils highly ; you are doing all that you need do—all that you have a right to do, considering the condi tion of innocent children—if you qualify these to earn their daily bread by their daily labour." Having dwelt on the necessity of adopting what had been called the "family system"—that is, of keeping the inmates of each house so few in number as to be all under the direct and personal supervision of the teacher—the noble lord next urged the propriety of encouraging compe tition by giving rewards to the most industrious of the children, and, after glancing cursorily at the question of the exclusion or non-exclusion of the penal element from the reformatory process, on which ho pronounced no de cided opinion, he called attention to the relation in which reformatory schools stood to the executive, and, while ad mitting that it was a fair question to consider whether the present rate of Government allowance might not be advan tageously raised, ho expressed himself as totally averse to a proposal that Government should undertake the entire coat of the schools, leaving nothing for private subscribers to do. He then continued—With respect to the inquiry what were they to do with the boys when they reached man's estate ? that, no doubt, was a perplexing question, but fortunately it did not press, for there were many out lets—emigration, the army and navy, and private employ latent, as far as possible from disreputable relatives. Mr. Baker had found no trouble in disposing of the boys who had left his institution. The noble lord then continued— We may be told, no doubt, that by soliciting employment for these youths we are driving honest men's sons out of the labour market. But in the actual state of the labour market I attach slight weight to that objection. There is ample employment and good pay for all who will and can work. Then, if work is not found for the reformed offender, what hope is there of his reforinatioa lasting ? He must live; the only questio n i s w h e th er h e shall pay honestly for his living or not. And if on no other grounds, still on the ground of the greater difficulty which those who have broken the law experience in finding the means of liveli hood, I think we may justify, both to ourselves arid to so ciety, a ieasonable amount of interference such as we pro pose. Well, gentlemen, we have now reached a point at which we may pause, and look back'on the ground we have traversed. We have examined the statistics of adult and ju venile crime; we have touched briefly on its causes; we have glanced at the history of the reformatory movement in our own and other countries ; we have shown that this under taking of outs is necessary; that it is not on general grounds hopeless ; and, practically, that where it has had a fair trial it has succeeded. We have noticed the objections raised to it, and the answers by which they might be met —the errors which may impede its progress, and the method of avoiding them. We have seen that the interference of the State is on the one hand necessary; and, on the other hand, that the assistance of the State is best given by leaving a large discretion in the hands of, and exorcising only a general supervision over, those who are intrusted with the management of reformatory schools. We have adverted to the great efforts made of late in support of this movement—to the two societies established for its promo tion. —and we are, I think, agreed that those who act with us, though not being of us, are not rivals —or, if rivals, are so only in the sense of a friendly and generous emula tion. We have considered, and to-morrow we shall con sider In fuller detail, the various suggestions for the regu lation and management of reformatories, which come to .ti‘sitaitessweeoznrnended by ys4fit experience or proposed for present trial. Lastly, weebaiNs venterbd to look forward into the future, and have investigated the mu red of dis posing of the youths whom, after a period of probetiou, it is our charge to send forth into the world. It remains only to see how, why, and in what sense the aiding of this work is possible, and is a duty to each and all of us, I say, first, that it is possible for almost all to be helpers. There are few enterprises which admit of assistance being offered in a larger variety of forms. Is any rich ?—lot him give of his abundance. Is any able to influence others by tongue or you ?—let him undergo the we:alit:less, and even, if need be, incur the ridicule, of reiterating again and again the utterance of those truths which we wish to im press. But it may be objected how small is the number of those who possess such power, either in the material boyr which int service may be e intellectual form. Irerpindeytrhed to the ereareothcearumser ifns only those who possess it have the will to give them selves up to a repulsive and difficult task. The refor mation of 'nen can never become a mechanical process. Perhaps the tendency of meetings, of speeches, of Go vernment grants, is to render it too much so, or to treat it as if it were so. But, for the management of the reforma tory you must have personal zeal, enthusiasm, love of the cause strong enough to produce even a feeling of love for the wretched objects of your aid ; without this work can not be effectually done ; and to me it seems that if any man wished to take up a work of pure patriotism and be nevolence, with nothing to gratify the taste, nothing to flatter the intellect, nothing in it pleasing except the bare sense of duty done and service rendered to mankind—this more than any other is his natural sphere of usefulness. But again, I am raked, are all persons qualified for such a task ? I don't shy they are ; but this feet I would dwell , praotice which we have established, or of being allowed to find a new outlet for convicts which will not interfere with the claims of some growing community. Be that as it may, we have for some time past had to contemplate the probable alternative of being compelled to keep all our dis. charged prisoners at home. It was a natural result of that position that people should begin to say, " Siuce you can't got rid of your criminals you must reform them." But re form whom ? Adults ? That was felt to b), I don't sey a hopeless, but an arduous and unpromising task. Then fel' lowed the inquiry, " When do these men turn criminals, in youth, or in later life?" Tho answer is sutfieiently given in our criminal tables, and in • the evidence taken before Parliament in the years 1852-53. It is aresrtaino I that from one-third to one-half of the convicts in our prisons have belonged to the class of juvenile offenders. It is proved by a concurrence of testimony such as one rarely finds on any social question admitting of dispute, that short impri sonment—the average of all imprisonments in England is 50 days —are not reformatory in their effect, that they are seldom even deterring; that, usually, they send back the offender more hardened than when he went in. The dim eulty is not to find witnesses on this point, but to choose them. I believe there is not a governor of a gaol, not a chaplain, not a judge, not a chairman of quarter sessions who is not hare of one mind. "To punish young offenderi with short terms of imprisonment," says Baron Alderson in a recent charge, "is neither a wise nor a humane proceeding." And be quotes a table of figures prepared 30 years back by the Governor of Glasgow Bride well, which is so conclusive that I cannot refrain from in serting it here. Of prisoners sentenced for the first time to 14 days confinement, there returned to gaol for now offences 75 per cent. ; of those sentenced to 30 days, 60 per cent. ; 40 days, 50; 60 days, 40; 3 mouths, 25 ; 6 mouths, 10 ; 9 months, 7i ; 12 months, 4 ; 18 months, 1 ; 24 months, none ; although in the 10 years over which this calculation extends the number of those sentenced for I 24 months was 93. It is added that prisoners who came back two or three times went on returning at intervals for years, and that many of those committed for short periods on their first offence were afterwards transported or hanged. I select one other piece of evidence out of the blue book of 1853, not as the strongest, but as the first on which my oyes chanced to fall while re-examining it for this meeting. In Reading Gaol, Oct., 1852, it was found that out of 209 prisoners recommitted to separate confine ment, 8l were under 17 years of age when first committed, and those 89 had been in prison altogether 403 times, or nearer five times than four times a-piece. Even statistical proof is scarcely necessary to make out the case for which we contend. Does it stand to reason that a fortnight or a month in prison can improve the moral character of a boy, almost a child ? If allowed to mix with others, ho is cor rupted to a certainty. If kept separate, as ho ought to be, still the question remains, what is he to do when he comes out ? His character is gone ; his friends, probably, disown him; he is forced into the society of those whose case is like his own; and ho is exposed to those debasing influences with little prospect of getting work, and with. out time having been allowed for any really reformatory agency to take effect upon him. If questioned, then, as to tho necessity of this reformatory movement, I answer thus —that nationally important as it is at all times, circum stances have made it doubly important now—we cannot dispose of our criminals, we mast reclaim them—we have comparatively little hope of reclaiming adults—we deal, thereforo, preferentially with the young; and, as regards the young, we have it established that the existing sys tems of attempted reformation have broken down. I ask whether on that score our vindication can be more com pletely made out ? But then follows the expression, often openly expressed, still mere often felt where it is not ex pressed, " Can you really reform a depraved character? Can you eradicate early habits so that they will not re turn? Can you be sure that the good you do will last, that the apparent change for the better is anything more than a mask worn f or a t emporary and interested pur pose ?" Well, that is a grave doubt, and deserves to be fully considered. I answer it, first, by pointing again to that statement of Mr. Clay's respecting the causes of juve nile crime--a statement, observe, which does n o t s t an d alone, whi c h i s i n the main corroborated by most persons who have had anything to do with prisoners and prisons. Mr. Clay tells you that three-fourishs of the young offenders who come into his bands have been made such by parental misconduct in one form or another. Some, one may sup pose, have been directly urged by parents into the commis sion of crime. Some, oven though not so urged, are the children of mon and women living habitually by dishonest; means—children who have no ieepeetable protects r, and scarcely a ohrsnee of gutting elliploymeht in any luteluels. Otbeyre, whose parents may not themselves be dishonest, have grown up in mere brutal ignorance, and are entice I into mischief by other lads, knowing literally nothing of duty or morality, of credit or disgrace, of what society ap proves or what it eosidenies, A few are driven into vice by actual ill-treatitleat, by hunger, by cold, by the fear of startration, and by the fear of blows. Now, of all who come under these four heads—those whose parents teach them to stea!—those whose parents set them the example of etoaling—those who have been taught nothing at home, and theee who have been left or turned adrift to shift for them *elves —one may say, without exaggeration, that their guilt is the result of cirentnetaneas, and not of (choice. Clearly, therefore, they at least are not to be given up as hopeless. They aro worse than others, not because their inclinations a:o worse, but because the option of good or evil hes never 'Peen placed fairly before them. And these, I believe, form the groat billk of our juvenile offenders. There remains a class, I admit, with regard to which one cannot speak with So much eonfidenee, I alma the deem met with both among 6dults and grown persona, in whom the tendency le, commit criminal eels appears to arise rather out of a morbid action of the mind than out of any external cow ;ailing cause. Even in these lees hopeful oases the morbid tendency often appears to be connected with the physical organisation, and disappears or diminishes ender the coin bin d influences of example, of teaching, and of healthy bodily training. On that last ohauce I don't dwell, though a good deal might be said touching the connexion of some forms of edit:Juan sy with unnoticed cerebral dis t ; I sin centent to acknowledge the fact that in certain instances the propensity to crime appears dee to organisa tion and not to social accidents; all I contend for is —first, that this class forms a minority, and probably a small one; next, that ogee here a sere may sometimes be effected. Where the intellect is weak good lull sencs will \voile Up,* it, at least, meeting with little active resieta Lance ; where it is acute, the disgrace, the outlawry, the misery of a life of crime may commonly be made intelli gible; end thus in neither case is there reason for absolute despair. Thad is still a third class with whom us tnagete of reformatories will have ooceeioually to deal, rieugh perhepe it semil ibe better that they should not-4 moan the elan' of castled r,ffin are—of youths who have' been led irate what the law designates as crime on some single occa sion, but whose general teneenaies and habit. ara good, and with regard to whom the process of reformation ii com paratively easy. I name these only b.estik the mention of them gives me an opportunity of suggesting, for the consideration of law reformers, an improved el rs.ifieeti of offencen. To have been in gmyt in .England is a serious thing; the stigma clings to a man for life. No allowance, or very little, is made for youth, for te , eptation, faf igno rance; self-respect is destroyed, and, once destroyed, it is not easily created anew. Now, lam not come here with a settled plan, but it seems to me that in case of vary small offences we might use fines as a puniAlattent more than we do--they aro felt as a very real puulsbnunt, though not a disgraceful one in the same sense in which it is (Degrader& to be sent to gaol, taking (Lire that a etift.2lent term were allowed for the payment of the fine, or allowing it to be paid bydogrees, so that it might not become imprisonment under another name. This by the veep. Well, then, what is it that r e f ormator i es can do for their inmates, sand with what hope of Success ? They can do this. They call remove the boy from contaminating associetioes, they can teach him habits of cleanliness, temperance, industry ; they San give him what in 99 cases out of 100 he has never had be• f, re—a chance in life—a fair start in the world. They can insure his having addressed to him, probably for the first time, words of judiciot's kindness, They can show him what is the social state of those who live in violation of the law; so that if, in later years, he chooses that Career, he does it with full knowledge of the consequence to himself. They render impossible henceforth that reproach to law and to society which wises whoa a cont toted criminal can say with truth to his judges, " You punish me, but you naves' taught me." " Be," I may be told, " some part of pig work will always be wasted; there must be utterly hope• less cases." 'nippers() there will be; but, even as regards these, is there no gain ? You can't mend them ; admit the fact. But at least you keep them from corrupting others, as well as from plundering in their own persons. It is the boy, not the man, who has roost influence on the younger boy. I heard of a single lad in a reformatory not far from here, who, before being sent there, had trained eight expert thieves. Think what a few such youths at largo may do, and the ss. a:week of their keep looks very small in comparison. One caution be fore I leave this part of the subject. Don't let there be any, even the slightest, confusion between the refor mation of the young and the attempted reformation of grown-up men and women. I say nothing as to the feasibi lity of the lad, attempt; I ass er t only that the two things differ not only in degree, but in kind. A man of ripe age cannot plead utter ignorance. He knows at least what the world thinks of his doings. In the majority of instances his habits are formed. In the majority of instances his in clinations, whatever they were at first, have become as guilty as his acts. To change is for him most difficult. Honour to threw who endeavour to help him, but failures they must exp ec t, an d f or t h e i r failures we cannot b e, we aro not, held accountable. Turning to experience, such as we have, the result appears fully as f a vourable as theory would load us to expect. At Mettray ,e 5 par cent by one account, 89 per cent. by another, of the inmates rent out into the world are doing well. Those percentsges aro taken from reports of last year (1855), when 1,00 youths had passed through the institution. Of the 11 per cent., who had relapsed (vagrancy being reckoned as a relapse, with out proof of actual crime) one fourth, or about 2et per cent., bad recovered their lost position. At Red-hill, where 70 boys have been discharged since the opening of the school in 1549 228 being inmates at the present time Mr. Turner state.; that 70 per cent. have been reclaimed, adding that, of all who have left there, the emigrants have done beet, and that the proportion of relapses among these is lower than among those who &ay at house. In the Glas gow /louse of Refuge, out of 400 85 per cent, have been reclaimed. I ain afraid these are the only authentic facts which I can give. The continental reformatories, except Nlettray, do not supply precedents, because most of them appear to take in vagrant and destitute as well as positivel3 criminal children. With respect.to the danger of encourag ing parents to put their children in the way of admission to reformatories, by holding out advantages which the inno cent do not possess—of course, if that result follows, you will be doing more harm than good. The precautions b 3 which that danger may be averted are two—first, the lay ing down, as has been done, of a stringent rule, and the enforcing it, as is Wills douo,by every possible UMW, that' In addition to the usual attraction at these gardens the proprietor had male arrangements to give increased inducement to visitors yesterday. Oae of these was a horticultural show, which indeed had beer. commenced on the previous day. The flimers to be exhibited were confined chiefly to hollyhocks and dahlias, and was de• signated the Metropolitan Eichioition of these flexure. Although the xpeciniens displayed were, iii many in stances, of a superior kind, they were not equal, either in number or variety, to what might have been expected, whether as regarded the occasion or the splendid pavi lion in which they were shown. They were, however, well worthy the attention of connei,..sNirs for the rich ness of their colours, and fn. those other qualities which form the characteristias of times ant:mind orna- I of the garien. At the eose of the show last evening tho przis obtained by tilt) successful exhibit:its were awardcil to them, and many of the visitors were presented with smile the beet soecimens in the pavi lion. The great attraction of the eveninz, however, was the presentation of the prizes to the successful competitors at the Thames National Regatta, which ;sad been brought to an issue at Putney yesterday afternoon. This interesting cenmiony took place in the cirque, und.r the auspices of t3ir James Duke, M.P., Mr. Alderman and Sheriff Rose, tad the committee of the rootta. The honourable taronet and his friends entered tho building, which was. t I st&ully fitted up tor the octias-ion, shortly after nine o'clock. T , ge • massive sliver cup and the other costly Drizea were ar ranged ore a platform in the area of the building, and had a most imposing appearance. Notv.ithstancling the miserable state of the weather there was a good attend. ance of the rovers and their friends present to witness the ceremony of the pr esen t a ti on. Sir JAIIES DUKE opened the proccEalinzrs of the even irg by expressing the gratification which he felt, at an old sailor, at having been selec;ed by the Lord Mayor, the patron of the ThaMes Nation it 11, , gatta, to give away the Ariz as on that occasion. He was in ,st friendly to such displays as he had witnessed at Putney that day, as they kept up that spirit amongst the watermen of the flames which made them ever ready t, uphold the . honour of England, when their services were required for that purpose. (Ch e ers.) _ on—that intellectual ability is not a primary, is scarcely even an important requisite. What we want, in the rirst instance, is a kind heart, a strong will, e heathy, not ti lions taste, and, ab all, siagleuess of purpo',o. For most purposes, carry intelle,tna/ competition as far :Ind as high as you will; it is seldom au error, it is often a Ile. cessity to do so ; but for personal influence of mind oa mind, of charactor on character, and that especially when you have to deal with capacities often feeble and always undeveloped, the qualities which I have named aro the most valuable. But there is yet another form of aid pus eible to those who can neither contribute, nor speak, nor write, nor give their personal service as teachers ie the schools. Employers of labour in almost any shape may assist us materially by taking charge of even one lad ou the expiration of his term. Nay, even those who are not duiployors, who are themselves in the receipt of employ- Mont, might help, by expressing their willingness to re ceiVel, sad look after as fellow-labourers or subordinates, those whom, without some such guarantee, the landlord, the farmer, or the tradesman might be unwilling to have anything to do with. In I14)1110 one of these various forms there are few who, if their will be strong enough, may not contrive to make themselves of use. tio much for the possibility; ono closing word as regards the duty. In the first place, I say it is a duty which we owe to civilisation and to society. I touch on that aspect of the question because it is one often neglected. We are so surrounded with the appliances of civilised life—so used to them from childhood—they are to us so much a matter of course—that we forget that there is no one of them— our constitution, our laws, our police, the means of transit through space, which have brought us here in such num bers, the industrious habits of our people—more than all, that high standard of opinion which so powerfully aids and supplements individual inerality ;—I say we forget that there is none of theo evidences and means of social progress, mechanical or meni.ll, which is not the product of human labours —of labours filiquently ill-requited or not at all—of labours in many cases unselfishly given, without hope or prospect of reward, for the satisfaction of conscience, and for the lasting benefit of man_liind. Re membering that fact, it appears that, just as a tenant is bound to hand over to his successor the house which he has inhabited in good and tenantable condition, so each generation lice tinder an obligation to transmit to the next, institution , laws, anti customs which shall as nearly as possible embody in practice the highest ideas which en lightened mon have formed respecting existing social ques- Coos. Bach age has its own wants to supply, and its own [Anvaansawarr.l Scour AND HEARING SPECTACLES, work to do; the care of each should be to provid e "th a t POWERFUL TELESCOPES, OPERA, Rees, AND Psespeoriva there be lid armor of improvements to make up; that new Geasses.—Mesers. S, and H. Solemous, opticians, 39, Alba controversies, whet they arise, may find those who suc- merle-street, Piccadilly. Observe—opposite the York Hotel. ceed us free to give to theca their entire energies, not ham- By ker Majesty's Royal - Letters Patent for valuable and pared by having on hand the task which ought to have been extraordinary improvements in the most powerful and accomplished half a century before. I atiirm again, this brilliant Telescopes, Camp, Racecourse, Opera, and Per. is a national cause; and I lay emphasis on the fact, be- epectivo Glasses, to know the distances. These telescopes canes I can well doll,CeiYe that there may be many to whose possess such extraordinary powers that some three and a-half sympathies it appeal s onl, or chiefly, when considered in inches , with an extra eye - piece, will sho w distinctly Jupiter's that light. Th e id ea cf clime and of the criminal i epels us; moons, Saturn's rind, and the double stars. With t miles ands it is not in all minds that reaooti prevails over impulse, or telescope can be seen a person's counteuence thrm l`he; are of that compassion will conquer thei• disgust ; but none— half distant, and an object from 16 to CO T miles. ceordingly .. -1 h think or feel as they may respecting ttie individual offend. larger iind . ail Envie, with increasing p w olv c -invented, vory small: er—can deem it a, slight matter to have affied, in however Royal Exhibition, 1851. Vdjuabi t e 4o nu sixo Y of a walnut, by which small a degree, to promote the moral health, the social powerful wais t e"t"T" l ' at g la iri b i s l , 1 miles distant; they answer stability, the internal well-being, of this vast empire,— a person can be seen and k e n ..co o-, urse , and at the opera houses an empire mighty in the present, fir mightier in the fa- every purpose on the n and ships aro clearly seen at 8 to 10 miles ' tare,—an empire whose language is epoken, and whose country scet. y ' a for shootine, deer-stalking, yachtine, tc, laws prevail in every quarter of the globe, PO of the 1.11- They are invaluable gentleman gamekeepere, and tourists. () crease of whose dominion there appears no end, until the sportsiueo, c.p, and perspective glasses, with lie ' waste plac es of the earth shall be filled up. We may have lace-course, camp, Spectacle Lenses of the wonderful great class divisions, we may have rivalries of sects, we mss powe r . , tpower. The ' est transparent .. sn valuable aarautaee derived have diversities of political opinion —these things must that vi • be • ° f n this invention is,mon coming impaired is exist—but I believe that among no ancient or modern • rtn •and strengthened, and ‘ ,ervea very aged persons are people is the spirit of patriotism more innate, or the obli- Po,' ~ 4 t o employ their sight at the most minute cecus gation which each citizen owes to the community more ° Ja r,: can see with Om le f uses o a much less magnify. deeply felt. And if among us questions of internal social P a ' „‘ : 77e r- _and they do not ' require the frequent changes improvement have been too much and too long neglected. L u g r to the da ~eerons effects of further powerful assistance. it has not been from indifference to the national f a-tapes, Persons can he suited at the most remote part of the world, but rather from an imperfect perception of the trutb, that . if by sending one l the glasses out of their spectacles in a whatever affects the inaividual members of the community letter,and stating tile distance from . the eles they eau read affects tbe State as a whole. But this question of crimiaal small newspaper print, with it; and those who have reformation is not merely one that concerns society iu the not made 11.52 of spectacles by stating their age.—Deaf aggregate, or England iu particular ; it has also a real, Ne Discorely. The Organic Vibrator, ex - teen, and pressing interest for every one of us personally. nese. w seevery. an fir You know' ho w much talk there has been of late years on traordinary powerful, small, newly-invented t instrumentany - happy matters ; most of you know what was (I am deafness, entirely different from all others, N u surpass can 3: happy to think it is no longer) the apathy of the general thing of the kind that has been ,or prottbea '% e : v i e s r not pbeer public, bow people used to say. " I keep my .own house produced. Being of the same colou h r e a a s r the Cain, at church lean ;if infection exists I don't contribute to it • and if ceptible ;it enables deaf persons to distinctly t. my neighbours are worse off than I the fault is their own.' end at public assemblies; the unpleasant sense ion of singing and itfaffords all the noises in the ears is entirely Well, that sounded likeeood commonaense ; but unluckily remov ed; uldbe desired.-39, Albcrnarles tessistssuce that possibly co for those who held suchh b language it wan found not to ,be P Axed Piccadilly. Obserio--o to _e Q . / pp* Us Yrk Hotel s - The Hon. Baronet then 'presented the several prizes, amidst the cheers of the persons asssmbled. Amongst the prizes were a c , :at and badge, Which were won by a "Jolly Young Waterman," who seemed proud of the the ing gd7i wayvsTte The proceedings was i sr o k a he b Sir inr d James yaad n mobe ss earnedobserved fi) uekde Duke, who terminatedin h o m bi y : y el, a boweds itrhrr hie which James s e cheers eepk e orusok b web y l. ee dg ments. It was to be regretted that the state of the weather prevented many thousands of persons from enjoying the festivities prt pared for them at this highly popular place of public amusement. On 'Monday a Grand Gala will be given, at which the ncvelty of a balloon race wi'l be introduced. 'Y -~~`;~ ~iv ~ . r'+. . , ... e rr:, in , irdatieevvith the laws which IN at - lire -r ,,, ',,,, Nee, '.l * -.. , , e .. „ e t*, Nattiii, if you examine well her working, t OR 'eel' i making us benevolent; even from a prudent. . e. ime4ll, A own interests. She has laid it down as a rul' eieliii — eeeel , 'ee physical contagion, that if one household oiee e eeenefele..4l44e/ bourhood neglect the duty of cleanliness. and if &lose heel. ,C'Le•e . thence generated, that di sease nosy, and probabVi.willetre e-w spread far and wide, striking many besides those who e were the means of introducing it in the first insta nce . I n a word, in san it ary sc i ence it is an axiom, that, as the neglect or the folly of one may injure all, so the health of very one (so far as it is affe c t e d b y causes within 1... human control) must, as a matter of self-interest, bo thei care of all. Well, that axiom I transfer from • .., material to moral science. I say it applies to guilt es unihrsally, as certainly, as it does to disease. Mind acts .• up mind, char ac t er f orms character, with en .influence t mo tly imperceptible, b u t not the less real. It is certain the our notions of ri g ht and wi - ong, of what w e are ex - ' pee to do, and what w e are expected to leave linden°, are rea ll y modified by the t one o f thought which prevails in i d r age and country. It is certain that the aggregate morality of the whole is, so to speak, made up of an ave rage of that which prevails in each class. It is certain tha the morality of every class is a ff ec t e d , advantageou,ly ' or i jariously as the case may be, by th e conduct mid eht,- + ara rof every individual in it. If th ese th ree proposi tionlbe admitted, and I think they cannot we ll b e denied, the conclusion follows clearly. Don t let us fancy that : criminals form a set of men apart, who exercise no influ- encel on the rests: Whence are their ranks recruited, ex cept from among the innocent? And don't let us fanagine that though their existence may lower the tone and deeling . among the poor, we, the wealthier portion of loci , ty, re- mai* unaffected. It is nut so—it cannot be so. To hear of crime—to read of it—to see it round us—if it hur'is us in no other way, yet lessens the resneet, the sympathy, the fellow-feeling as Englishmen, which we might oth nwise eutettain towards the working part of the populsti , )n. I cannot treat this subject here, it would require a a olume rather than a few sentences at the end of a long disc curse : but I aFsert this as a truth, confident that, if need • were, I could prove it by argument,—that the purity of the, moral atmosphere in which we live exercises over us a a influ ence as real as the purity of the physical atinosi 'here— that this influence is felt irrespective of class, of :habits, or of occupation ' • that the parallel between th e i n: f act i on of dise ase and the infection of crime holds st rictly ; and that if we suffer pollution to remain uncl abused in the hovel it will take its revenge on the ' palace. Here then I conclude. I have tried to show yea that, besides its obvious benefits to social order, this move ment is one which we are bound to promote—lee end by the debt we owe to civilisation, by our duty to Ei , „gland, , by regard e v en t o our own metal well-being. elan,' - --- motives lead here to one end. The philanthropist lot , ks to the welfare of the individual whom he assists; the pa triot to the elevation of England among the nations; the labile sopher to the future progress of mankind. All are alik o ins terested in the disappearance from the face of society rof a class professedly livieee in violation of its laws. To a, l od e . rate that disappearance is our object; the means whi de we employ have been well considered and partially tries s . we desire now, in accord a n ce w ith th e expresse d w i ll .of the - Legislature, to try them on a larger scale ; with tb art v i ew we have appealed to the community of England, and our first such appeal is that which I now make to yor e (Loud cheers.) Mr. G. H. HASTINGS then read the report e,f the gem• ral committee. It glanced at the history of the reformatory,' movement, the origin and objects of the society, and the operations which it had already carried on, and, after alb Kling to th e difficulties with which it had. had to contend. at its outset, not tile least serious of which was the unfort unate discus. sion within its own ranks on the subj ,, ct of religious educa tion, stated that nothipg should even-induce the committee . to conduct the National Reformatory Union in a spirit less comprehensive than that in which it wali orii ;inally founded. The report then' went on to _state that:, shortly after the formal establishment of the society, the , committee ob tained the consent of Lord'Brougham to a ct as president, and entered into arrangements with the La w Amendment society for the joint use of the rooms and for a share in their weekly journal. They also appointed sub-committees to consider various questions of practical deeail, 'arid set themselves to work to carry out the four Brea t objets for which the Union was established : , . To collect and dif fuse information bearing on the reformation of youthful 'offenders. 2. To promote the practical development of the . . • reformatory system. 3. To consider and promote 'such - legisletive measures as are still required for the better care and reformation of juvenile offenders. 4. To assist in placing out, and the subsequent guardianship and pro tection of, young persons leaving reformatory institutions. ' Towards each of these objects they were making eatisfa2tory progress. They had succeeded in accumulat leg avast amount •f valuable and iuteresting information on matters relating to the reclamation 'of juvenile offendeis, end their inquiriec and experience were conclusive -,s to the ease-with wilds places were at present obtainee for the reformed inmates of the certified schools. The time for difficulty on that head, if it were ever, to come, had not yet arrived, but there seemed to be a general feeling that a central office for information under the management of the society would prove vary useful. At that office the names of those willing to receive in their service the late inmates of reformatories would be registered, while another list of those anxious for situations would be con stantly open. The statistics furnishe tby the reformatory schools which had been long at work were of the most gra tifying nature. The Glasgow House of Refuge had been in - -. existence for 22 years, and numbered nearly 400 inmates, and outof the total numberadmitted since its establishment 85 per cent. were stated to have done well. Out of 99 cases supplied by the manager of the Home in the East44had done well, 24 were known to have done ill, and the remaining 31. had not been traced. Out of 137 oases from the Glasgow Female House of Refuge, 69 had done well, 30 wer• bad or doubtful, mud 38 were either dead or unknown. Out of 31 from the Hardwicke-court, Mr. Barwick Baber described 17 as doing well, 9 as going on unsatisfactorily, but not recommitted, 5 recommitted, and 3 absconded. Mr. Challoner said, of the boys who had left the Berwick and Nowcastle School, that 23 were doing well, 3 bad returned ,_., _ . , ... 6i - crime, - and 11' were 'unknown. The ' repor t concluded .. with the expression of a hope that the consequeuca of the present meeting in a city which had taken so prominent a part in the reformatory movement would he the formation of a numerous Bristol and West of Englend branch, to be followed by the establishment of similar branches iu all parts of the United Kingdom. - Tho report was adopted on the motion of Lord R. CECIL, M.P., and, after some further routine business, the meeting adjourned. • , ROYAL CREgORNE GARDENS. - 1U PUBLICATIONS, MRS. TROLLOPE - S NEW NOVEL :pow ready at all tho libraries, in 3 'vols., VASIIIONABLE LIFE; or, Park and Loath n. . By Mrs. TROLLOPE. • 'Burst and Blackett, Publishers, successors to Henry Colburn, 13, Great Marlborough-street. A STROLOGY. —The Principles of this ancient and interesting branch of Natural Philosophy are explained, with Mooern illustrations, in a PLEA FOR URANIA, being a Popular Sketch of the different branches of Celestial Philosophy, pub lished by Pp,r and Co , 23, Paternoster-row, London, price Is , cloth. An erudite treatise."—The Sun. "We strongly recommend it. Zadkiel. Trig CURRENCY QUESTION. Just published, Bvo., pp. 383, price Is. 6d. In cloth, VURRENCY, SELF-REGULATING an d ) ELASTIC; Explained in a Letter to the Duke of Argyle with Introductory Chapters on the Nature of Capital and of Money, and a Historical Sketch of British Currency Systems. By A BRITISH MERCHANT. London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans The object of this work is to describe a plan for the regulation 01 the Currency, by which an exact conformity would be attained be , r tweet' the amount of the Currency and the amount of the Circtea- Hoe, the practical results of which conformity would be-1 That the existence of monetary convulsion would be impossible ; 2. That the masses of unemployed deposits now lying in the Bank of Eng land and elsewhere, utterly unproductive to their owners, wouls i exist no longer ; 3. That interest, even on m ney deposit, din banks, would never sink, except a mere shade, below the Mum yielded by invested in the national funds; and 4. That interest would kever rise above that rate, except to such extent as might be re quired to compensate the lender for risk and trouble. OPINIONS OP THE PRESS. MORNING HERALD.—" It proceeds from the pen of a merchant. and we must say that we have never read any work which more clearly and ably sets forth the mercantile bearings of the question." BANKER'S Ciactroaa.—(First Notice.)—Though the author has not given his name to the public . 111 thetitle-page, it is not cliflienl , to discover that it proceeds - from tee pen of one who has pondered well over a question that is second to none in its importance to the British nation. The perusal of this work has given us much plea sure ; and, whoever the author may be, we give him a hearty wel come as a worthy champion." Baxxxa's Cradtmaa.—(Second Notice.)—"ln the introductory chapters the author explains the nature of capital ; the difference between propertied capital and monied capital ; the nature of m'inev properly so called. as it existed among the more refined nations of antiquity, who seem to have regarded it not as capital, but merely as the instrument of exchange ; and the nature of that barter sys tem, now universally prevailing, in which the name and functions of money are az,signed to some commodity, such as go'd, and in which It is regarded not merely as the instrument of exchange but also as capital, the prices of all other commodities being made to rise or fall as the commodity so fixed upon may happen to be abundant or scarce. " Ile next goes on to exhibit the injurious crasequences which re sult from fluctuations in the supply of the article so fixed upon ; Arst showing the different effects which, under different social arrange. ments, might be expected to flow therefrom ; and, second, by a sketch of British commercial history, showing what effects have fol lowed in practice. He holds that to that cause chiefly are to be as cdbed the speculation and panic which follow each other in unceas ing round ; that, while the circulation is not innreased thereby, an increase in the supply of gold is this country leads to the I tn. Idiom of a redundant currency (as indicated by the a's'ses of unemployed money in the Bank of England) which rarely fails to bring about that reduction in rate of interest, and that competition among holders of money to find employment for it, which are the sure precursors of speculation. He points out what he considers a fallacy in the argument by which Hume and his followers have sought to prove that increase of money has no effect on rate of interest, • and he holds that all depressi on o f i n t erest in this country, below that yielded by capital invested in the national funds, is the consequent sof over sup ply of money, and that the proper way to prevent that, is to adjust the supply of money in exact accordance with the extent of duties to be discharged by it as the instrument of exchange. " For the attainment of this end he proposes that a national bank should be established, to be placed under the immediate control of a committee of Parliament, its functions to be purely mechanical, and to Consist in the issue of notes of 14, 104, 1001 , 10001., to all parties holding a certain amount of Government stock, and comply ing with certain regulations, interest being charged on the notes so issued at a rate corresponding with that yielded by the said stock ; and interest at the same rats being allowed on all notes deposited in the bank, so that at no time would the amount of notes out of the bank exceed the exact amount required for ccaducting the trade of the country. "He omsiders that, with a currency so arranged, redundancy and depredation would be alike impossible, and that, accordingly, the check of convertibility would be unnecessary ; but, with the view of conciliating the bul'ionists, he suggests arrangements by which the notes might be made payable in gold, not, however, at a fixed price, but at a price varying according to the stock held in the bank's vaults. " Conceiving that the gain from the Great& of money should be long to the nation at large, he recommends a single bank of issue— the principle he advocates being, However, equally consistent with the continuance of the present system of competing Issues, the check on which would then consist, not in an obligation to pay In gold, but in an obligation to pay in the interest yielding notes of the National Bank. " He then goes on to explain that none of the objections that have been made to Government banks would at all apply to one such as be recommends; and concludes by showing that the adoption of his system, even though the privilege of issuing were to be with drawn from them, would only very slightly diminish the gains of the Bank of England, while it would increase those of the private and joint stock banke, and be of immense advantage to the nation at large. "The work before us contains a good deal that is new, and de serving of the serious consideration of all who take an interest in the vitally important subject of the currency." TAIT'S MASAZINE.—"A very sensible, though an extremely long letter. . . . It is full of good facts and good reasons, although the author takes only the signature of ' A British Merchant." WESTNINSTEN REVIEW.—" A comprehensive work." CALEDONIAN MERCURY. — "Whilst, therefore, we dissent in several particulars from the views expressed by a British Merchant' In the work before us, we cannot but thank him for the light which the perusal of his I.•ttcr, and its rela lye introductory chapters, is calcu lated to throw upon the subject, and to compliment him upon the originality and ingenuity which characterise the scheme lie proposes for the self regulation of the currency." Detz.r BULLETIN (Glasgow )—" We never perused or studied any treatise on the subject with more perfect satisfaction. The method of the author is exceedingly clear. He proceeds gradually, leaves no point untouched, forgets nothing, but teaches much, and illustrates his views with such judicious care as to leave no mistake about his meaning. Every page of the bo k is a page of insiructiou. We only regret that alt who write on the Currency are not possessed of minds so lucid, or, boasting of the possess . on, that they fall to turn their qualifications to so good account. Many are prevented from sttnlying the Currency question because of the misty and impractic able fashion in which it has been the habit to place it before them. Let them read this book, with ordinary attention, and they will feel surprised that what they learn from it was unknown to them before Much of its value lies in the author's perspicuity. We do not know that we could say more in favour of a treatise on the Currency." The Third Edition. Just Publish e d, p r i ce 5 5., b y post, free, ss. 6d.p ON TRUE & FALSE SPERMA.TORRIEEA, with tho View of distinguishing the Imaginary il'om the Real Sufferers under this disease, and Correcting of wide-spread Errors in relation to their Treatment and Cure. Translated from the German of Dr. PICKFORD. " Dr. Fickford is known to English readers by his frequent practi cal contributions to German medical literature. This is the first time, he informs as, that he has addressed himself to the non-medi cal reader. We trust this may not be the last, if ho elan detect any other equally flagrant evil which it may be in bit power to cor rect."—London Medical Gazette. " The tribe of ' Quiet Sympathisers,' end 'Medical Friends, are mercilessly exposed; and if this book could find its way into the bands of those who sager from the com plaint of which it treats, we are satisfied that many hundreds would P. , 3 saved much needless suffering of body and mind, and what Is of lass Importance, though it is that wh:ch the qua c k s mos t pr ' z3— well qualified to put an end t o th e rrhcen, an d to place the treat u empiricalc h money., . system . 1 T o 0t r hi t v i volume p e e r i sto m treat ment upon a more rational endpty;lolegical basis It is, th ere f ore , ikeino do much good."—Medical Circular. London: H. tialnere, 219, iteli2nt-Stroot. 7.ONDON and IN ORTH-WESTERN and MIDLAND RAILWATs.—A CHEAP EXCURSION TRAIN e ill leave the Euston Station, London, on SATURDAY, 23d August, 1856, at 7 a.m., to Leicester, Nottingham, Derby, Sherrield, Leeds Bradford, York, and other St a tions, at the following Fares:— , FARES FOR THE DOUBLE JOURNEY. First Class. Covered Carriages s. d. s. d. Leicester •• • ***** 14 0 ..... •. • 7 e Loughboro' Nottingham Lincoln* Derby • Chestern eld •• ....... .• • Mashorough lf Sheffield ...... Oakenshaw, for Wakefield Normanton ...... . 8 6 17 0 . Leeds .....• Bradford •••••• York ...... • • •• 20 0 • ll 6 * Passengers for Newark sad Lincoln will be convoyed to these places by First Ordinary Train, after the arrival of the Special Train at Nottingham. Returning MONDAY, 25th August, as uncles , — Leave York ...... •.. • 11.15 a.m. L eave Chesterfield •• • • 2.50 •• „ Bradford • •11.40 „ „ Derby . 4.20 •• „ Leeds ...... 12 f• 5 noors „ „ Lincoln.. ......10.10 a.m. n a „ Normanton .... 1.15 p. Newark ......10.40 „ Oakenshaw 1.25 „, „ .Nottingham.... 4.25 p.m. „ She Meld „ Afasborough ..• 2.10 „ , Leicester ...... 5.45 Arriving In London at:out 10.15 p.m. T;ekets not transferable, and available only to return by this Train. Passengers will only be allowed to take their personal luggage by these Trains, under their own charge, and that not exceeding 301bs in Weight. Children under 12 years of age, half fares. By order. 15 0 ...... .. 7 6 Easton Station, August, 1856. ITR. HOWARD, Surgeon-Dentist, 52, Fleet street, has introduced an entirely new description of ARTI FICIAL TEETll.fixed without springs, wires, or ligatures. They so perfectly resemble the natural teeth as not to he distinguished from the original by the closest observer; they will never change colour or decay, and will be found very superior to any teeth ever before used. This method does not require the extraction of roots, or any painful operation, and will support and preserve teeth that are loose, and is guaranteed to restore articulation and mastication. Decayed teeth rendered sound and useful in mastication.--52, Fleet-street. At home from ten till five. ARE YOU GOING TO THE HIGHLANDS, unrivalled for scenery, famous in story and song, to the land of Sir Colin Campbell and the Highland BrlgVe ? visit If make a note to call at (when in the Capital of the beautiful North) MACDOUGALL'S WAREHOUSE, High-street, Inverness. There only can the varied products of the Highlands, natural and industrial, be seen. Itthis extensive rooms MacnouGALL has gathered together all the best productions of the Highland looms, in TWEEDS, TAR TANS, LINSEYS, PLAIDS, SHAWLS, DRESSES, the favourite HIGHLAND CLOAK, FLORA. MACDONALD ditto, &c., &e., with the best Native .7 E WELLE,RY, CAIRN GOR MS, PE A RLS, &c.; the pretty products of the Skye, Lewes, and Gairloch Looms and Knitting Needles ; the Horne -made. Undyed PLAIDS of Ord, Suther land, and Aroch ; the SNUFF-BOXES, COUPS, BICKERS of the Culloden Carvers, &c. Side by side with all this he has placed all of every description for Deer Stalki ng , G rouse Tourists, &e. Vi s it ors to his rooms call at once Shooting,the necessary and clothingf compare the 'varied products of the Three Kingdoms. D. MACDOUGALL, Inverness. r OURISTS and TRAVELLERS exposed to _a_ the scorching rays of the sun, will find and heated particles of dust ROWLANDS' ICALTDOR a most refreshing preparation for the Complexion, dispelling the cloud of languor and relaxation, alaying all heat and irritability, and immediately affording the pleasing sensation attending restored elasticity and healthful state of the skin. b F reckles, Tan, Sp o t s , Pimples, Fl ushes, and Discoloration fly glow of beauty and of bloom. In cases of sunburn or stings of insects ite virtues have long been acknowledged. Price 4s. 6d. and 81. 6d. per bottle. LOWLANDS' MACAS-IAR OIL. A delightfally fragrant and transparent prepar a ti on, and, as an Invigorator and purifier, beyond all precedent. The Prices are 3s, 6d., 75., family bottles (equal to four small), 108. Gd., and double that size, 21s. It OVVLA.NDS' ODONTO, or Pearl Dentifrice, compounded of the rarest and most fragrant exotics. It bestows on the Teeth a pearl-like whiteness, frees them from tartar, and imparts to the gums a healthy firmness, and to the breath a grateful sweetsisecan2ds.p,udr. Sold by A. Rowland and Sons, 20, llatton-garden, Londun, a n d b y Chem!itx and reduraers. purity box. r NATIONAL REPO m A TORY UNION: A conference of the friends of this institution com menced yesterday afternoon at Bristol, and will be con tinued to-day and to-morrow. The first meeting took place in the hall of the Society of Merchant Venturers, which, in spite of unfavourable wea ther, was completely filled. Lord Stanley presided on the occasion, and was supported on the platform by the Mayor of Bristol, the Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells, Mr. W. Miles, M.P., Lord R. Cecil, M.P. ; Col. Pinney, M.P., Mr. Commissioner Hill, Col. Burrows, the Dean of Bristol, Re v. Canon Girdlestone, Rev. W. Turner, of Redhill ; Roy. W. C. Osborn, Chaplain of Bath Gaol ; Rev. W. Tyler, of Spitalfields ; Mr. J. Hassell, Masterof the Society of Merchant Venturers; Messrs. B. Baker, of Hardwicke; J. Symons, E. A. Sandford, E. B. Wheatley, G. W. Has. tinge, W. Morgan, W. Gillow, G. Bowyer, W. Marsh, L. Thornton, T. P. Jose, R. Leonard, Dr. Wallis, &c. The MAYOR of BRISTOL, in a brief speech, introduced Lord Stanley to the meeting. His LORDSHIP commenced his observations by expres sing his regret at the absence of the President of the Union (Lord Brougham), from whom the following letter had been received by Mr. Commissioner Hill : " Brougham, Aug. 16. "My dear Hill,—lt is needless to say how very much grieved I have been by the impossibility ofattending the Bris tol meeting of our Reformatory Union, over which I have always deemed it a high honour that I was called upon to pre side at its formation. But my relief has been great in finding my place on this occasion supplied by ono whom all his col leagues so highly esteem for his capacity and habits of hard work, his eminent abilities, and the truly noble use he makes of them. " We can hardly overrate the importance of these proceed ings. It is not very agreeable to reflect upon the number of years that have elapsed since I came to the conviction, which subsequent experience and discussion with others, in and out of the profession, have only confirmed, how very much we over estimate the deterring effect of penal legislation unac companied with other measures, and how necessary it is both to apply means of prevention, to make"punishment reforma tory, and to reclaim those on whom we have been obliged to inflict it. I have taken the liberty, through you, of laying before the Union my reflections upon this subject. I look forward to the happiest results from the present meeting,and to an ample extension of the great benefits already derived from the trials that have, both in this and other countries, been made of the system. "No one can have a greater respect than I have for the benevolent and enlightened labours of M. de Metz and late colleague, M. de Courteilles ; and my visit to Mettray, two years ago, enabled me pointedly to contradict in Parlia ment some assertions and expose misapprehensions prevalent on the subject. It is not, however, true that Mettray was the first experiment of the kind. The Philanthmpic Society many years before (long before Stretton-on-Dunmore, in deed) had even adopted the family principle, perhaps the distinguishing feature of the Mettray plan, and only gave it up, I believe, when they were enabled to erect their building in St. George's-fields. Stretton-on-Dunsmoro was begun as I early as 1818 ; and while we hcnour the memory of that truly admirable man, Townsend Powell, who devoted himself to its support, we must feel no little shame in the reflection that, after he had for many years, through good and evil report, and with the utmost difficulty, kept it alive, for want of funds it did not survive him, and I was grieved to find last year that it had been abandoned. I take for granted that its condition could not have boon known to the great and weal thy towns of Warwickshire and Staffordshire, which must have benefitted most by Mr. Powell's labours, carried on as they purposely were in a remote district, in order that the liberated convicts might be separated as much as possible from the haunts of their former associates. " Nothing can be more candid than M. De Metz's admis sions on all occasions of having profited by the experience and the suggestions of others, especially those of Wichern, founder of the Rauhe-baus, near Hamburg. But it is greatly to the honour of M. De Metz's sagacity that he perceived the advantages of the family principle where it had been adopted, as it probably was by the Philanthropic Society of London, from necessity and the want of accommodation, not design edly. He saw through its great importance, and voluntarily made it part of his system. " I trust that the meeting will not separate without fully discussing and exposing the evils of short imprisonments. In the paper which I have sent you will find that this is dwelt upon as one exception among the errors into which Mr. Ben tham fell upon the reformatory operation of penal inflictions I well recollect how entirely he agreed with us upon this im portant point, when Sir S. Romilly and I were discussing with him what we took leave to regard as fundamental errors en other points. It really is of such paramount importance that it may bo said to make all the difference between punish ment being an evil or a remedy, a prevention or an (moon ragement of crime, a mitigation or an aggravation of its mis chiefs. Among many other subjects which will of course be brought before the meeting, one surely is the error of some distinctions taken in the plans of the patronage societies that are formed. Some, I see, are confined to females, others to males, while the same might well take care of both. A more prevailing mistake is restricting our care to the young. There can be no reason why the same society should not charge itself also With adults, assuming, what I apprehend can hardly be disputed, that it is against all principle and all the results of experience to confine our labours to the care of juvenile offenders. "I ought to apologise for occupying you with the perusal of a long letter f rom a di s t ance, when you must be so fully and so much better em pl oye d nearer home. My disappoint ment is really great that I am not with you and oar col leagues, to whom I desire my kindest regards and respects. I observe lthat Sir J. Pakington is expected to attend, for whom I need not say how great is my esteem, having long been his fellow-labourerin important measures for the amend ment of the law, and it would have given me no little satis faction to make the acquaintance of so excellent a person ae Mr. Miles, to whom the Union is greatly indebted. " Believe me, sincerely yours, " li. Baouonam." Lord Stanley then delivered the following inaugural address :—Ladies and gentlemen,—l will not detain you with any preface to the remarks which it will be my duty to make, nor apologise for the inevitable length to which they may extend. The subject of reformatories is to you deeply interesting —your presence in this room proves that. The subject is beset with difficulties, else why the contro versies, the debates, the writing and speaking that have taken place concerning it during the last five years. The subject is one on w hi c h act i on, and prompt action, is needed, otherwise it would hardly, in this practical country and age, occupy the most intelligent minds ... od lead to the most strenuous exertions. The Le iosiature has taken u p, as regar d s t h e reformatory snovement, a peculiar, though, I think, a wise posit ...on. It assists the founders of schools ; it gives thorn ' ,egal powers ; it makes use of their agency ; but it do l.! not supersede their efforts. The law under which we e: a tikes for granted the existence of so much public sr. e irit in the community as that indi viduals may be 1.... ct to initiate a movement which in ether fall withi n th e espec i al province of the countries w o It is our duty and our purp ose t o -d ay t o s h ow t E h x a e t cuive.. 4 .oie confidence of Parliament is not misplaced ; that t / eote who frame the laws and those who administer them have not reckoned in too sanguine a spirit on the philan thropy and the patriotism of English citizens. I propose, so far as time allows, to lay before you an outline sketch of this vast subject. Now, in the first place, in order to know clearly the magnitude of the evil for which we have to pro vide a remedy, let us endeavour to ascertain the actual and relative amount in this country of adult and juvenile crime. I don't apprehend that this can be done in a very exact manner. Prison returns can draw no distinction, though morally the distinction is a very wide one, between trivial broaches of law, compatible with habitual innocence, and offences which are of a nature to indicate habitual crime. Nor is the s h ape of our statistical information on these subjects convenient. Th e di fficulty I have found in ascertaining, even imperfectly as I may have done it, the facts required, supply me, if it wore needed, with a f resh reason to envy and to hail up for imitation the complete, uniform, and simple mode in such material s as we possess we may use ; and look which the judi c i a l s t at i stics of France are compiled. Never 'the 19th rep or t , just P s t p nh e e e l t o o ss rs of England and Wales, ubsil which d , supplies u P s r Pis on tlhne sseturns of 1853, I find it there stated that the numbers "for 71,851— ma k ing a total of those who have trial er tried at anises o r sessions " were 26,801 ; the sum mary convictions, come under the law, 98,654 , or, in round numbers, about 100,000. Now, in that s ame year there were of juvenile offenders (that is, under 17 years) tried or for trial, 2,105; summarily convicted, 9,348—t0ta1, 11,453. We have, then, the proportion of juvenile to all crime for that year fixed at 11i per cent., and the figures for 1852 show a generally similar result. I will not weary you with sta tistics, but it is worth notice —and proof of what I state may be found in this same report— that while the propor tion of juvenile crime, that is, of crime committed under thee ago of 17 does not exceed the figure I have mentioned, the amount committed between the ages of 17 and 21 is absolutely enormous, forming, for these four years of life alone, nearly 25 per cent. of the whole. This fact is par. ticularly corroborated by the census returns:of 1851, where of all the prisoners under sentence in Greet Britain on a particular day, just 25 per cent. was found to be under 20 years of ago, and a result almost identical with this was ob tained by Mr. Redgrave, from the census of 1841. It is, indeed, a startling fact in the investigation of mime, that while the number of persons living at any one time be tween the ages of 15 and 20 forms only 1-10th of the en tire population at that time, this tenth part of the popu lation is guilty of nearly one-fourth of the whole amount of detected crime. Now, I don't think that prison re turns, or any returns, can give us an exact idea of the num ber of those with whom the reformatory movement may have to deal ; there are lads who break tbo law, and not punished, who are yet in no sense habitual offenders ; there is, perhaps, still a good deal of undetected crime in counties where no efficient police exists, and no statement of the number annually imprisoned can help us, except it, the roughest way, to estimate the number of those 1714 may be at large. This only wo know, that more than 11,000 children, a large majority of them boys, pass yearly through the hands of justice ; with how little refor matory effect in general, the large proportion of recom mittals— nearly 4,000 out of 11,000 shows plainly enough. I can hardly imagine anything more vitally its.. portant for us, in carrying on this reformatory work, te ascertain than the scale on which wo shall have to conduct our operations. Unfortunately, thero is no part of the 1 All inquiry tends to s h ow that is crime, as] in pauperism, there is a tendency to beoome hereditary; and the effect of teglect in developing crime is demonstrated by the large proportion of illegitimate children in gaols. It seems, then, that unless we could deal with the parent we cannot prevent the corrupting process from going on. We cannot hinder children being driven or allured out of miserable homes to seek a living by plunder in tile streets. Now, nothing is more certain than thalrto deal directly with the parent is impossible. He is out of our reach. He is beyond our control. He is proof against snob infinences as we can bring to boar. So far as he is Concerned, the work of demoralieatien must and will go on. Indirectly, no doubt, wo may operate upon that class from whom the Parents of the criminal population ere mostly taken. 13 it we can hope to operate upon it only by moans of measures and movements continued through a long serial of years, and needing time for their results to appear, by means of better schooling, of temperance societies, of places of rational amusement, substituted for the beer-house; of cheap literature, of every encouragement which society 011 offer to industry and forethought. Meantime, the children are being misled ; the routine of convictions, imprisert ments, recommittals continues. The more I look int 6 the subject, the more fully assured I feel that fel bath the present and future diminution of cri es ti th e „1, direct and immediate agency that can be ()rapt", J .. .ar' dou't sty . the best, but virtually the only one -eon/ruts in the detention, the training, and the givi , _ag honest employment to crimi nal children whom offenders fe . sue negl ec t o f such means will render e lope iife. Ther e are ot h er agencies] which in th e ...an may, and we hope will, affect powerfully the lees wealthy classes of society, but theta agencies are indirect only, and do not meet the necessity which lies upon us of immediate action. Next, let us consider (and I assure you that I am endeavouring to b 3 as brief ai lies in my power) whet is the past history an .1 present state of this reform 1- toty movement. I ant afraid th et we, as a nation, cen hardly claim the credit of having been foremost to dm :re nod to act upon the principle which this union Inlets to provide. It is true that, in 1788, the Philanthropic society of Lon lon—the society now familiar to as by the name of its school, Red-hill—way set ou foot by private meens. It is true that 15 years earlier, Howard had celled attention to this breech of prison diseipline. It is tree th et in 1315 the Prison Discipline Society was established, ono of the chief objectkof which was to save young offenders from the cor ruption of contact with titoAo more hardened, that iu 1317 theStretton Institution in Warwickehire was commenoed, and that at a later period the Children's Friend Society, under Capt. Brenton, undertook the protection of neglected bop and girls, whether innocent or criminal. But it has been chiefly on the continent that the reformatory move ment, until of late years, ha s thriven and flourished. (After referring in termsof cordial commendation to the labours of Fellenborg, Der Reck°, Wichern. and Mettray, the noble lord alluded to the establishment at Re I-hill.) Red hill school, as you know, dates from 1310; 91i boys have entered it, of whom 293 remain, 720 having passed through. Of these about 70 per cent. are known to be doing well. Those who wish for details on the foreign reforma tories will find them in a paper read by Mr. liteclelland before the British Association at Glasgow, and since re printed as a pamphlet. You are aware of the main pro visions of the act of 1854, and how it assists the setting up of reformatory schools. Power is given to detain boys at such schools du r i ng fi ve years, and to receive them at any age not above 16. Government pays 58. weekly for the support of each, but does not in practice otherwise inter fere. Of this act most of the English counties are avail ing themselves already. Nearly all, W 3 hops, will do so. I say nearly all, because is some instances, where the num ber of boys is small, it may be better for more than one county to join funds and set up a school between them. The obje c t o f th e N at i ona l Reformatory Unio n , i n connoc- Lion with this movement, is to form, as it were, a centre of action for these various local efforts ; to enable managers in different counties to compare their systems reeve readily; to promote the establishment of reformatories where"noue yet assist; to enable those who wish to give personal as sistance in the cause to discover whore their help is most required; to assist in placing out the youths who leave reformatories; to supply opportunities of discussing the general subject, and suggesting improvements in the me thods adopted; and, should changes in the law of refor matories be required, to prose ou Parliament the propriety of such changes. There is in existence —founded nearly at the same time —another similar body to ours —the Refor matory and Refuge Union, formed on a more sectarian basis, but likely, I hope, to he useful within its own sphere. I name that body only in order to mention that, though they work by nearly the same means for nearly the same objects, there is not —there cannot be —any opposition be tween the two. I come now to some practical inquiries. Is the undertaking necessary? Is it, a priori, likely to succeed ? Has it succeeded when' tried in other 'coun tries? Now, as to the first point, the necessity of set ting about this business, I apprehend there can be but little diversity of opinion. The circumstances of the time are peculiar. Whetever was the effect of tran sportation, as t a punishment, upon Australia, there can be no doubt but that the effect of the system upon this country was beneficial. In fact, transportation as an English institution dates further back then the die severe, of the A ustralian continent. We transported once r,o America; we transported to the West Indies; we tried, after the American independence, to transport to the Aid .= coast ; for half a century we transported to the antipo dean settlements. It is only within the last half dozen Pears that we find ourselves cut off from an easy and effec tual, though not economical mode of getting rid of our cri minal population —cut off, if I may express au individual opinion, without much; prospect of being able to re-establish, ,VVB era' ,64 W" as '- re , oat 1" , :Cy i tAtS rno • ith a; 01 21st rat. 0. 4