The Sun. — London, England, 1861-08-10 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 10. 1861. T.HE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA. (From the Special Correspondent of the Times.) WASHINGTON, JULY 24. As no one can say what a day or night may bring forth, particularly in time of war, I avail myself of a chance of probable quiet, such as it is, amid the rolling of drums, the braying of trumpets and bands, the noise of marching men, rolling of waggons, and general life and activity in the street, to write some remarks on the action at Manassas or Bull's Run. Of its general effects abroad, and on the North and South, a larger and perhaps a better N a v vy can be taken from Europe than on this side of the Atlantic. There is a natural and intense anxiety to learn what impression will be made abroad by the battle,—for, notwithstanding the vulgar and insolent arrogance of the least reput able portion of the press in the United States, gene rally conducted by aliens or persons who have left Great:Britain from cause—it is felt that the result of the action must have very strong influences over the fortunes of the contending parties, par ticularly in the Money-Market, to which recourse mast be had in fear and trembling. It would be well not to arrive at hasty conclusions in reference to the bearing of the defeat on the actual struggle. Those who are persuaded that the North must and will subjugate the South see in the disaster merely a prolongation of the war, a certain loss of material, or even an increment of hope in the spirit it will arouse, as they think, among the Unionists. Others regard it as an evil omen for the compromise they desire to effect, as it will give the North another insult to avenge, and inspire the South with addi tional confidence. The Confederates will accept it as proof demonstrative of their faith that the North cannot conquer them, and may take it into their heads to corroborate it by an attempt to inflict on the North that with which they have been menaced by the Cabinet of Washington and its supporters. "What will England and France think of it ? is the question which is asked over and over again. The news must go forth in its most unfavourable form, and it will be weeks, if ever, before the North can set a great victory to the credit side of its books against the Confederates. In 30 days or so the question will be answered—not hastily or angrily, in spite of pro vocation and offence, but in the spirit of honourable neutrality. In the States one thing is certain—the Cabinet will resist the pressure of the mob, or be hurled out of office. If they yield to the fanatics and fight battles against the advice of their officers they must be beaten ; and the tone of New York indicates that a second defeat would cost them their political existence. They can resist such pressure in future as has been brought on them hitherto by pointing to Bull's Ran, and by saying, "See the result of forcing General Scott against his wishes." Of the Cabinet, Mr. Chase, the Secretary of the Treasury, is perhaps the only man who bore up against the disheartening intelligence of Mon day morning ; but Mr. Seward and others are reco vering their spirits as they find that their army was more frightened than hurt, and that the Con federates did not advance on the capital immedi ately after their success. It was a sad rude sweep of the broom to the cobweb-spinners—to the spider politicians, who have been laying out warps in all directions, and are now lying in frowsy heaps among the ruins of their curious artificers. Nothing can restore them to their places in the popular estima tion ; nothing could have kept them there but the rapid and complete success of their policy and the „speedy fulfilment of their prophecies. The sword they have drawn is held over their heads by the hands of some coming man whose face no one can see`yet, but his footsteps :are audible, and the ground shakes beneath his tread. If Mr. Lincoln were indeed a despot, with the genius to lead or direct an army, now would be his time. All the odium which could be heaped upon him by his enemies, all the accusations that could have been preferred, North or South, have been fully urged, and he could not add to them by leading his army to victory, while with victory would certainly come the most unexampled popularity, and perhaps an extraordinary and prosperous tenure of power. The campaign would be one worthy of a_Napoleon, nor could it be determined by even 500,000,000 dole. and 500,000 men, unless they were skilfully handled:and well economised. If popular passion be excited by demagogues, and if it be permitted to affect the councils of the State, it is easy to foresee the end, though it is not so easy to predict by what steps ruin will be reached at last. The Ministers are already ordered to resign by the masters of the mob, and suffer a just punishment for their tempo rary submission to the clamour of the crownless monarchs of the North-East. The Secretary-at- War, Mr. Cameron, whose brother fell at the head of his regiment in the field, is accused of making the very submission—which was indeed a crime if ever it occurred—by the very people who urged it upon him, and there are few Ministers who escape invective and insinuation. The great question to be decided just now is the value of the Union sentiment in the North. Will the men and the money be forthcoming, and that soon enough •to continue the war of aggression or recuperation against the Seceded States ? The -troops here complain of want of money, and say they are not paid. If that be so, there is proof of went of funds, which, if it lasts, will prevent the re organisation of another army, and I think it would not be safe to rely on the present army, or to de pend on many of the regiments till they have been thoroughly reorganised. It must be remembered that the United States is about to lose the services of some 80,000 men, many of whom have already gone home. These are the " three months' men," called out under the President's proclamation. Wnether they will enlist for the term of three years, now proposed, cannot be determined ; but. judging from their words, they will not do so if their present officers are continued or recommis sioned. At all events, they will nearly all go home to be " mustered out of th e service," as it is called, in regiments, at the expens e of the Government. It is reported in Washington that steps were taken long ago to supply the places of the r e ti r i ng batta lions, and that there were also offers of 8 3 batta lions, which have been accepted by the Govern znent, sent in as soon as the news of the disaster at Bull's Run was communicated to the North. R ow the regiments about to leave in a day or two were sent .into the field at all is one of the mysteries of the War Department. While Congress has been passing bills of pains and penalties, confiscating rebel property, and amending sundry laches in the penal code, as well as filling up rat-holes, through which conquered and run-away Secessionists might escape, in the laws and body of the constitution, the conquest is suddenly deferred, and cotton stands king on the battle-field. " We are glad of it," cry the extreme abolitionists, "actually delighted, because now slavery is doomed." The extreme depression which followed after the joy and delight caused by the erroneous statements of victory, complete and brilliant, has been gradually disappearing, in pro portion to the inactivity of the enemy or to their inab:lity to take advantage of their success by im mediate action. The funds have recovered, and men are saying, " Well, it's not so bad as it. might have been." The eye of faith is turned on the future, the eye of speculation is directed on the hoards of capi tal, and there is a firm belief that some clever per son or another will succeed in inducing John Bull to Part With a little of his surplus cash, for which he will recei ve egregious p ercentage. If th e t North is u lk of the capital and population of th e thrownth into this struggle, there can be but one hope for Confederates—brilliant vict or i es on the battle-fi eld, pe whicb must lead to recogniti on from foreig n Pow ers. The fight cannot go on for ever, and if th e C on States meet with re verse--if their capit a l '''. ft ccupied, th e i r C ongress dispersed, their territory s t i sat which th e y c l a i m as theirs) occupied, they mu submit to the conse quences o f defeat. Is not tb.at equally true of their opponen is ? On what ground c,ll the Uni t ed St ates, a which were founc.ed on sacee sst • 1 rebellion, claim they did exemption from the u niversal l air which. gs of th e so much to establish ? W hatever the f h ee n North may nosy be, there can be no doub t that th reverse of Manassas caused dee p mortifica tion and e despondency in S Vaslaington. Gen. Scott, whether he disapproved, as it is said, the movement onward s or not, was certain that ti Confederates would be defeated. Every hour messengers were hurried off from the field to the end of the wire some miles away, with reports of the progress made by the troops, and every hour the telegrams brought good tidings up to 4 o'clock or so, when the victory seemed decided in favour of the Federalists ; at least, the impression was that they had gained the day by driving the enemy before them. Then came the news of the necessary retirement of the troops ; nevertheless, it is affirmed that up to 8 o'clock in the evening Gen. Scott believed ix the ultimate success of the United States troops, who under his own immediate orders had never met with a re verse. The President, the Secretary of War, and other members of the Government, were assembled in the room where the telegraph operator was at work far into the night, and as the oracles of fate uncoiled from the wires gloom gathered on their faces, and at last, grave and silent, they retired, leaving hope behind them. It must have been to them a time of anxiety beyond words ; but of old the highest honours were given to him who in calamity and disaster did not despair of the Republic. And it is to the credit of the President and his advisers that they have recovered their faith in the ultimate success of their cause, and think they can subjugate the South after all. If the Confederates have suf fered heavily in the battle, as is believed to be the case, they may be disheartened in spite of their vic tory, and the news of a second uprising and levee en masse in the North may not be without an unfa vourable effect on their ardour. Such men as Wade Hampton, who is reported killed, leave gaps in their ranks not readily filled, and the number of colonels reported to be hors de combat would indicate a con siderable loss. But the raw levies are not likely to be fit for much for months to come, and it is difficult to see how they will be fit for anything until they get proper officers. Some of the so-called regiments which have recently come in are mere mobs with out proper equipments, uniform, or arms ; others are in these respects much better, marching well and looking like soldiers, but still no better than the troops who were beaten. It is not courage (need it be said ?) which is wanting—it is officers, and with out them men are worth little or nothing. The men of some regiments fought well, others did not. There was little or no difference between the privates of the one and those of the other; there was probably a marked distinction between the officers. The West Point cadets will all be used up by the increase of the regular army of the United States to 40,000 men just agreed upon by Congress, after some disputes between the Senate and the House of Representa tives, and the bulk of the officers with military ex perience and education are provided for already. The President is not exempt from the fate of the unfortunate in all republics, but he has yet a good deal of the future to draw upon, and the people are amused by changes among the military commanders and by threats and promises, for which they will all have to pay before the quarrel is adjusted. It is so generally asserted that General Scott did not approve the advance, for which his plans were not matured (and it is so probable, too), that it may be believed by those who have not the greatest faith in the firmness of his character, and who think he might be induced to give orders for the execu tion of ill-conceived and hasty projects, or, at all events, to precipitate operations without the necessary conditions of success. It is certain the country was becoming fretful and impatient, and that men like Mr. Wilson, chairman of the Mili tary Committee of the Senate, were loud in their complaints of the delays and inactivity of the army and of its chief, and of the pretensions of the regu lar officers. The schism which must always exist betweett professionals and quacks, between regular soldiers and volunteers, has been greatly widened by the action on Sunday. The Volunteers indulge in severe reflections on the generalship of the com mander ; the regulars speak with contemptuous bitterness of the inefficiency and cowardice of the Volunteer officers. The former talk learnedly of the art of war, and of the cruelty of being led like sheep to the slaughter. The latter, without detract ing from the courage of the men, inveigh against those who directed their regiments on the field ; and the Volunteer privates are glad to add their testimony against many of the officers, whose pride in uniforms of gold lace did not permit them to soil them in the smoke of gunpowder. It is remarkable that so much hankering after military reputation should be accompanied, in some instances at least, by an absence of any military spirit. The tone in which some officers speak of being ""whipped" is almost boastful and exultant. Last night I heard one declaring he thought it was a good thing they were beaten, as it would put an end to the fight ing; " he was quite sure none of his men would ever face the Confederates again." Another was of opinion that it was lucky that they had escaped so well. And so on. It would be, lam certain, as unjust to the bulk of the officers to suppose they entertain such sentiments as these as it would be in the last degree untrue to say that their men were destitute of courage and were not ready to fight any enemy, if fairly disciplined and properly led ; but the expression of these things is indicative of the want of proper esprit militaire, and it should be represented by those who wish to establish the loyalty of the Volunteer army. No doubt the American papers will fur nish detailed lista of killed and wounded, if you have any fancy to publish them, and columns of letters from the soldiers and pages of incidents of the battle which may be consulted by the curious ; but there is a concarreace of tes timony to the good conduct of Blenker's Germans, the 69th Irish, and the 79th Scotch. Captain Mea gher, indeed, I am told, yielded to the universal panic, and was sees on foot at Centreville making the best of his way towards Fort Corcoran, with exclamations which implied that for the mo ment he recognised the Southern Confederacy as highly belligerent. Colonel Corcoran, conspicuous by his great stature, being a man of six feet and a-half in height, was an object of attraction to the enemy, and is lying dangerously, if not mortally, wounded. The Rhode Island Regiment has been, however, the most favoured by the voice of praise, though many competitors are now putting in claims for at least equal honour. There are various statements in reference to the conduct of the regular cavalry and infantry. The regular officers admit that at one time the cavalry gave Way, but they did no t b rea k or fl y ; they fr were ut t orallied, the enemy.dre wT up in line regular ne gnla e again,ro fficers o and ces showeddeclare that it was the infantry which saved the retreat, covering it steadily in conjunction with the Ger mans; and the losses of the United States' Marines argue that they had a large share of the enemy's fire. The artillery who lost their guns speak, as artillery will do under the circum stances, dtheg o en f e t r h a e l infantry which deserted them; an officers, who must after all be the best judges, bear strong testimony to the good services and general steadiness of tha regulars engaged in the action. 'When the statements in the American papers are compared with the facts I am aware it will be neces sary to rely a little on "character," in asking faith for what I report. There was not a bayonet charge made by the Federalist infantry during the day ; there was not a charge of any kind made by the Confederate cavalry upon any regiment of notth aeir enemy until the latter broke. There was hand-to-hand enccunter between any regiment. There was not a single " battery charged" or takdn iy the Federalists. There were no masked batteries in play by the former. There was no annihilation of rebel horse by Zouaves, Fire, or other. A volley fired by one battalion emptied three saddles among a body of horse who appeared at some dis tance, and the infantry which performed the execu tion then retired. There were no desperate struggles except by those who wanted to get away. The whole matter in plain English amounts to this. The Fede- ralists advanced slowly, but steadily, under the fire - - of their artillery, driving the enemy, who rarely showed out of cover, in line before them, and gra dually forced them back on the right and centre for a mile and a half towards Manassas. As the enemy fell back they used their artillery also, and there was a good deal of pounding at long ranges with light field guns, and some heavier rifled ordnance, the line on both sides being rarely within 500 yards of each other. On one occasion the regiments on the right were received b y a musketry fire from the enemy which induced them to fall back, but they were rallied and led forwards towards the front. The Confederates again gave way, and the Federalists advanced one more. Again the line of the enemy appeared in front, and delivered fire. The Zouaves, as they are called, and the 11th New York, which were on the flank, fell into confusion not to be rallied, and eventually retired from the field in disorder, to use the mildest terms, with a conta gious effect on their comrades and with the loss o f the guns which they were supporting. Nothing would, or could, or did stop them. In vain they were reminded of their oaths to "avenge Elles worth's death." Their flag was displayed t o th e winds, it had lost its attractions. They ran in all directions with a speed which their fortune favoured. "I tell the tale as it was told to me" by one who had more to do with them, and had better opportu nity of witness their conduct than I had., for, as I have already stated in a previous letter, I was late on the ground, and had not been able to see much ere the retreat was ordered. Though I was well mounted, and had left Washington with the inten tion of returning early that night, I found fugi tives who had preceded me in masses all the way, and when I crossed the Long-bridge about 11 o'clock I was told that the city was full of those who had returned from the fight. But, if the miserable rout and panic of the Federalists have produced such deplorable results to their cause, they have still much to be thankful for. Had the Confederates been aware of their success, and fol lowed up their advantage early on Monday morning, there was no reason on earth why they should not have either got into Washington or compelled the whole of the Federalist army that kept together and could not escape, as it was all on one road, to sur render themselves prisoners, with all they possessed. If the statements in the Federalist papers as to their strength be correct, the rebels could have easily spared 30,000 men for that purpose, with a reserve of 10,000 or 15,000 in their rear. The chain bridge, the fords above the Falls, were open to them —at least, there could be but little or no opposition from the disorganised forces. The columns moving round from Fairfax to their left by Vienna would have been able certainly, to cross at Matildavilla ; others could have got over at the Falls, and still there would have been enough for Beauregard to occupy Manassas, and to send on a heavy column to cover Alexandria and to shut up the Federalists in the earthworks and tete de pont, if not to wrest them from troops deeply affected by the rout they were witnessing. If the Confederates had the cavalry of which so much has been said, they were scandalously handled. A detour by a crossroad from Centreville to the Germantown road would have placed the horse in the rear of the retreating mass in half-an-hour, and it is not too much to say that mass would have thrown itself on the mercy of the pursuers. If Beauregard's or Lee's force was small, as they say, and suffered as much as the Federalists aver, the flight is the more incomprehensible. But still it is very strange that the victors should not have been aware of their victory—that is, of the utter rout which followed their repulse. The at tempt to form on the top of Centreville, only par tially successful as it was, might have imposed on the enemy, and saved M'Dowell from the pursuit which he did his best to avert. The journals, which at first boasted of the grand Union army of 45,000 men, are now anxious to show that only 20,000 were engaged. Why did the other 25,000 run away ? The German regiment under Col, Blucker, and perhaps some other corps, may have retired in good order, but eventu ally few withstood the incessant alarms. The rain, which commenced on Monday morning early, may have had much to do with the undisturbed retreat of the Federalists, as the enterprise and activity of the enemy would be much diminished in conse quence, and as for the beaten army, it has been al ways observed that troops hold together and march well in rain. But with all allowances and excuses, it is still mysterious inactivity. Johnston, whose junction with 40,000 men is said to have taken place (if he had half the number it is more than I give him credit for) on the morning of the battle, must have swelled the force under Lee and Beaure gard to 70,000 men at the least. He is the best officer in the Confederate army, and it is believed here that he is already away operating in Western Virginia. There is a suspicious silence in the de spatches and telegrams from the West and South- Western camps of the Federalists which justifies the Secessionist rumours of disaster in those quarters. The Confederates by moving out to meet M'Dowell anticipated the engagement, and brought on the action sooner than he expected, so much so that he was obliged to break up his column, and turn out the regiments right and left as well as he could to bring them into line. It would seem as if they were aware of his plans, for they disregarded the move ments on their right, and did not exhibit any ac tivity there till the force opposite their left began to give way, whereupon they made an attempt on the left flank of the Federalists, which added to the alarm of the retiring army. In my last letter, sent at 4 o'clock on Tuesday morning by special courier to Boston, where it arrived in time for the Wednesday packet of July 24, I brought down my narrative to the Monday preceding, such as it was, and have nothing to add to it of much consequence. One of the first acts of the Secretary of War on being made aware of the reverse was to telegraph to General M'Clellan to come to Washington, and to de mand reinforcements from the Governors of the Northern States, as well as to put the autho rities at Fort M'Henry on their guard against a rising in Baltimore. On Tuesday, the rain having ceased in the morning early, the streets were crowded with baggage carts and with soldiers who wandered up and down astonish ing the natives with anecdotes of battle, and doing anything but duty with their regiments. These men have now been coerced by the mounted patrols to repair to the rendezvous assigned for them by General Mansfield or to go to durance vile; but for the whole day and night the capital presented an extraordinary aspect, to which a deeper interest was lent by the arrival of waggons and ambulances of wounded. WEDNESDAY, JULY 24. Before breakfast I rode over the Long-bridge to Arlington. There were groups of soldiers, mostly without arms or belts, some few shoeless, a good many footsore, going along the ground or standing in the streets of the city engaged in the occupation called "loafing" in these parts. Several of the men stopped me to inquire after the different regiments to which they belonged. They were dejected and broken looking fellows, but, at all events, their mein was more becoming than that of their officers who are crowding about the hotels and talking of their " whipping" with complacency and without shame. A Washington paper, alluding to the de moralisation of the regiments yesterday evening, calls on these officers " to forego one day's duty at the bars and hotels," and to return to their corps. Thousands of men follow the example of their su periors. The necessities of others compel them to seek iees ou coe t f the quarters o f th e i r reg i men t s th a t th ey be fed. O ne man dressed in uniform had the intoim taoneccdomoetes, w h m ic y h r w oo old roomm u to f - u d r a n y ih ,sanad afstupen doustera sequel to Munchausen, as to his valour, i "masked batteries," charges of cavalry, &c., to ask me for the loan of 5 dols., on the ground that he was a waiter at the hotel at which I had stopped in New York. I could perceive by his talk and by that of some other soldiers the mode in which these stories about " charges" and "ma s k e d b atter i es " are made up. A newspaper reporter is made the victim of some glorious myths by a frightened, in toxicated, or needy warrior, and these are duly made immortal in type. Then hundreds of men, ' anxious to see what is said about them in the pa in perscid,aenndt,s of the affairignorantas in s whicholdiersgtehey nera h ll a y ve ar bee eo n f the end, d ig g i a o g u e s s r l e a f ad of f t e ‘ r ‘ , , B , l a , c , k F i l r l e o r s z e o R u a a n v g e s e , r ,, s , " C a " p P t a r i o n - Meagher on a white charger, with a green flag, rushing in the midst of inaccessible and impregna ble masked batteries, and persuade themselves it is all true, adding to their subsequent narratives such incidents of life and colour as may be within their knowledge or imagination. Excitement has a won derful influence on their perceptive faculties. Great exertions were requite yesterday to prevent the mob of. disorganise soldiers and the rabble from maltreating or nntrd ring the Confederate prisoners ii and it was necessary to rescue them by patrols of dragoons. In one instance a Senator informed Gen. M'Dowell that he had seen the mob with his own eyes hanging a prisoner, and that gallant and gene rous officer at once rushed off, if he could not rescue at least to avenge the " rebel," but on arriving at the place he was happy to find he was in time to shield the man from the violence of the crowd, and that the Senator had mistaken an "effigy" for a human being. Gen. M'Dowell has been much distressed by the dastardly conduct of some of the beaten troops towards their prisoners, and there have been strange scenes in consequence. " General," said one man, " had I known this, I would have died a hundred times before I fell into these wretches' hands. Let me go free, and let any two or four of them venture to insult me then !" The soldiers are, however, greatly irritated not only by defeat, but by reports of the most horrible cruelties and atrocities towards prisoners and wounded by the Confederates ; indeed, if it should be the case that the latter burnt an hospi tal at Centreville with all the wounded, and that they cut the throats of captives and dying soldiers on the field of battle and in the retreat, the indignation and disgust of the whole civilised world should visit them, and their cause will be marred by more such vile cowardice and blood-thirstiness than ten such victories could advance it. For one, lam loath to credit these stories, but it is only right to say that there are many such current, particularly in refer• ence to the New Orleans Zouaves. In a previous letter some account was given of the defences on the right bank of the river opposite to Washington. Men were engaged in working 4t the tete de pont, and letting the water of the river into the newly dug ditch. It is probable the Long bridge is Rained, as no one is allowed to smoke upon it, but the carters, many of whom are negroes, do not pay much attention to the order when the sentries are not looking. Apropos of negroes, it is confidentially asserted that a corps of them is em ployed by the Confederates for camp duty, i! not for fighting, and that they were certainly employed to guard the prisoners to the intense anger of Federalists. One officer who came in says that he was actually in their custody. He escaped by a method not often resorted to by officers, for he pledged his word of honour he would not attempt to go away if he were allowed to go for a drink of water, and when he had done so he made the best of his way to Washington, and told the anecdote in society among whom was a member of the British Legation. There is an increase of the camps on the heights up to Arlington, and there must now be a strong force of infantry there, though there is a deficiency in field artillery. Of guns in position in the works there is the greatest abundance. The road up to Arlington House was dotted with men returning to the camps, few of whom were encum bered with firelocks. General M'Dowell was sit ting with some officers before his tent under the trees which shaded the place from the sun. He is a man in the prime of life, some 40 and odd years of age, very powerfully built, with a kindly, honest, soldierly expression in face and manners, and it was pleasant to see that, though he was not proud of being " whipped," there was no dejection other than that a man should feel who has been beaten by his enemy, but who knows he has done his duty. Originally he had proposed a series of operations different from those which were actually adopted, and his dispositions for the advance of his columns after the scheme of attack was decided upon were carefui and elaborate. But he miscalculated some ' what the powers of regular troops. All his subse quent operations were vitiated by the impossibility of gaining the points fixed on for the first day's march, and General Tyler, who engaged somewhat too seriously with the enemy on the left at Bull's Run on the Thursday before the battle in making what was a mere reconnaissance put them on the alert and hastened up Johnston. The General was kind enough to go over the plans of the attack with me, and to acquaint me with the dispositions he had made for carrying out the orders he had received to make it, and to my poor judg ment they were judicious and clear. With the maps laid out on the table before his tent he traced the movements of the various columns from the com mencement of offensive measures to the disastrous advance upon Manassas. It was evident that the Confederate Generals either were informed or divined the general object of his plan, which was, in fact, to effect a turning movement of his centre and right, while his left menaced their right on Bull's Run, and to get round their left altogether; for they had, soon after he moved, advanced their columns to meet him, and brought on an engage ment, which he was obliged to accept on ground and at a time where and when he had not contemplated fighting. The initial failure of the movement took place several days earlier, when his columns were late on the march, though ample time had been allowed to them, so that, instead of getting into Centreville and to the Run, he was obliged to halt at Fairfax Court-house, and to lose another day in occupying the positions which ought to have been taken when he first advanced. By moving out to attack or meet him the enemy obliged him to abandon the design of turning them and getting round their left below Manassas, and when once they did so it became obvious that he had not much chance of succeeding, unless he could actually push back the enemy and " keep them moving" with such rapidity that they would fly into and out of their lines jast as his own troops did from the field. The officers who were present were all agreed that the Federalists had advanced steadily on the right and centre, and-that they had driven back the Confederates with considerable loss for a mile and a half when the panic took plate in the regiments on the flank of the right, which neces sitated the issue of an order for the retirement of the whole force, and the advance of the reserves to cover it. The Volunteers who had broken could I not be rallied, the movement always dangerous with such materials, under such circumstances was misunderstood by the waggon drivers and by other regiments, and . the retreat became finally the shameful rout, which was only not utterly disas trous because of the ignorance and inactivity or the weakness of the enemy. Major Barry, an officer of the regular United States Artillery, told me he could not stop the runaways, who ought to have protected his guns, though the gunners stood by them till the enemy were fairly upon them, and that, as for the much-talked-of cavalry, two round shots which were pitched into them by his battery sent them .to the rightabout at once. The regular officers spoke in only one way of the conduct of the officers of the Volunteers and of cer- tain regiments. Indeed, what could be said of men who acted after and in action as others acted before it, and went away as fast as they could ? Thus the men of a Volunteer battery marched off, leaving their guns on the ground, the very morning of the engagement, because their three months' term of service was up, and the Pennsylvania regiments ex hibited a similar spirit. The 69th Irish volunteered to serve as long as they were required, and so did some other carps, I believe ; but there must be some- thing rotten in the system, military and political, which generates such sentiments and developes neither the sense of military honour nor any of that affectionate devotion for the Union which is called by one party in America patriotism. As the General was speaking to me, a Volunteer Colonel came up, and said abruptly, " General, my men have had no thing to eat for four days ; what is to be done ?" "Make an application to the commissariat officer, and represent the circumstances to me. There is no reason whatever why the men should be without food, for there is plenty of it in camp." " Yes ; but the carters won't bring it. They go away and leave us, and, as I tell you, the men have had nothing for four days." " I tell you, Sir, that must be the fault of their officers. Why were not the circumstances reported ? G o over to Capt. --•, and ho will take the neces sary steps. " And after some further cx patiation on th e h ardships of his case, the Colonel, who is as brav e as a li on, but who is not very well • acquainted with military routine, retired. It need not be said that the men were not actually without food for four days, although the Colonel's statement in reference to the commissariat was true. Reckless as ad soldiers are of provisions and food, Volunteers are notoriously extraordinarily so. Then there is probably a want of organisation in the commissa riat. M'Dowell's corps were ordered to march with three days' food cooked, not including, of course, the day of marching. The food was, how ever, issued inclusive of that day, and next day the men had eaten up, or wasted, the two days' rations in one, and had nothing. They were badly pro vided with food and with water on the very day of the action, and some men told me that evening they had eaten nothing since 230 a.m. Indeed, the General witnessed the disorder which was caused by the regiments rushing out of the ranks to drink at a small stream before they went into action, though their canteens were filled before they set out. Mr. Wadsworth, a gentleman of New York of large fortune, who, with the rank of Major, is acting as aide-decamp to the General, had just come in from Centreville from the Confederates, to whom he had gone yesterday with a flag of truce relative to the dead and wounded. They would not permit him to enter their lines, but otherwise received him courteously, and for warded his de spatches. This morning he was told that an answer would be sent in due time to his despatches, and he was ordered to return to his quarters. While I was at Arlington despatches and messengers were con tinually arriving. One was from headquarters, ap pointing Major Barry to command the artillery. Another stated that the enemy had advanced to Fairfax Court-house. Presently in came two young men, who said they had been prevented going to that place by the approach of the Confederates, and that they had heard the sound of guns as they turned back. The balloon was up in the air re connoitring, or, as I suspect, struggling with the wind, which was drifting it steadily towards the Confederates. No one seemed to know, however, what Beauregard and Lee are doing, but it is affirmed that Johnston has gone off with a corps towards Western Virginia once more, and that an insurrection in Baltimore and Maryland is only prevented by the reinforcements which are pouring in to General Banks and by the anticipations of speedy aid from the Confederates. Mr. Bernal, the British consul, came over to-day to consult with Lord Lyons on certain matters connected with our interests in the city of Baltimore. As the truth is developed the Secessionists in Washington become radiant with joy, and cannot conceal their exulta tion wherever it is safe to indulge it. Their ears are erect for the sound of the cannon which is to herald the entrance of the enemy into the capital of the United States. The Unionists, on the other hand, speak of the past hopes of the enemy, of the great reinforcements arriving, of the renewed efforts of the North, and of its determination to put down re bellion. There must be an infatuation which amounts to a kind of national insanity in a portion of the North, or is it possible that they believe what the journals tell them—that they are the strongest, bravest, richest, mightiest people in the world, and that they have only to will it, and the world—in cluding the Confederate States—is prostrate before them ? The exaggerations and misstatements of part of the American press would certainly lead those who believed it to such conclusions. Let us take a few phrases from the papers in re ference to the action at Manassas. One New York journal on Monday announced positively " the• na tional troops undisputed victors." "Bull's Run lost, they must want water." " The enthusiasm which carried certain regiments" whose " brave and bril liant exploits were pre-eminent,"" into the face of the intrenched foe was startling in its effect." " The nation has triumphed ! Praise be to God ! Live the Republic !" It does " not infer the South ern men are cowards," but that " all the forgery, perjury, and telegraphic lying have not weaned a very large proportion of them from their old love of the Union." " Splendid Union Victory !" " Terrible slaughter!" " Twelve hours' terrific fighting !" " Their last hope gone !" " Heroism of the Union forces !" " They know no such word as fear !" "Hot chase of the rebels !" At 5 30, when the Fe deralists were in retreat, "an officer telegraphs the enemy totally routed." There is, of course, plenty of " flanking" and " masked batteries ;" and, as a proof of hard work on the part of the pioneers, it is remarked—" An observer judged it would ordinarily take three months to do what these lumbermen did in half a day !" " Guns were discharged as rapid as two in a minute." "We have successfully out flanked the enemy." A " brigadier-quartermaster" was taken. In several places it is stated that the men asserted " their officers were cowards." In an other journal of New York there are accounts of the " Greatest battle ever fought on this continent ;" "Fearful carnage on both sides !" "Incessant roar of artillery and rattle of small arms !" " Terrible tenacity !" " After a terrific fight, each and every rebel battery was taken !" " Now on to Richmond!" " The rout of the enemy was complete !" " Crushing rebellion !" " Victory at Bull's Run ; Sumter avenged !" A " battle of unparalleled severity !" " Oar gallant laurel-crowned army !" Another newspaper, " Our army went into battle with firm step and light hearts, singing patriotic songs." Bull's Run defeat is placed " among those great military achievements which in ancient and modern times have overthrown or marked the beginning of empires," &c., " not less than 125,000 being en gaged on both sides." The poor blusterer tells us "an army equal in numbers to that of France, and as well disciplined, will burn to resent the wrongs that have been offered to the country, and they will re joice at being able to display abroad the valour for which there will be no longer a field at home." It would be worth while to know what the Secretary of State thinks of this style of writing at present. His frame of mind just now, perhaps, is not suited to such strong expressions, particularly as the people they are meant to arouse only laugh at them. THURSDAY, JULY 25. Last night there was an alarm that the enemy were advancing. General Scott and his staff were roused up in the night by messengers from the out posts. There was a similar alarm in Alexandria, 1 but the report was untrue. The Confederates, however, have advanced their pickets within six miles of the latter place. The War Department is in ignorance of their general movements, and can get no intelligence from the country. Several regi ments marched out of the city, as their time was up, and their place will be taken by others coming in from the north and west. The three months men are going off just as their services are most needed. Can any one say the three years men may not do the same? The proportions of the contest are not likely to be dwarfed. FRIDAY, July 26. I have kept my letter open to the last moment, but there is no change to announce, except a nearer advance of the enemy's pickets on the road to Alexandria. General 111‘Clellan has arrived, and it is said he will send a force out at once to guard the Upper Potomac, and to prevent any force cross ing in that direction. The weather is not excessively hot, and is favourable enough for campaigning operations. Washington is quiet to-day as yet. There are considerable additions to be made to the works on the other side, and, indeed, there is a hill in front of one of the redoubts which commands it a trifle, and which it is an oversight not to fortify. In a few days, if any column is ready, I hope to be able to accompany it. THE QUEEN'S VISIT TO IRELAND. --A corre spondent of the Cork Examiner says :—' I am now in a position to state that the characteristic generosity of the noble house of Kenmare has been remarkably exhibited. At an adjourned meeting of the committee held on Friday, to carry out the arrangament, &c., for receiving her Ma jesty, it was stated that Mr. Thomas Gallwey, agent to Lord Castlerosse, will in a short time announce the route her Majesty will take in going through his de mesne, to the people of Killarney, who will be allowed to remain present when her Majesty passes. It is now positively ascertained that her Majesty will remain here but for three days, and not four as was stated. On the last day she will remain at Muckross House, when Colonel Herbert will get up a stag hunt on the Upper Lake. The preparations at Killarney House are all of a most extensive and superb description. Workmen are busily engaged in erecting platforms in the last avenue. [ ADVERTISEM ENT.] — HoIIoway's Ointment and Pills.— Precautions.—lt often happens that a sickly person fails in obtaining a cure, though the malady is perfectly remediable by medicine. This arises frequently from misunderstand-. ings as to the dose or its repetition. Such errors cannot I occur to these using Holloway's medicaments, as full directions envelope every packet that the invalid may fre quently refresh the memory. By their guidance progress towards the relief or cure of the malady advances without doubt or drawback. Holloway's simple directions are in telligible to all ; a little attention alone is required. There is nothing dangerous or disagreeable.in the composition of either the Ointment or the Pills. They act harmoniously together, and in all diseases exercise the most soothing and• wholesome action, .RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. NORTH DEVON. The report of the directors states that the gross receipts of the traffic for the past half-year amount to £12,335, as compared with £11,910 for the cor responding half of last year. The net revenue, after the payment of interest on debentures, amounts to £2,456. The dividend on the preference stock will absorb £1,155, leaving £1,301 available for a divi dend on the ordinary stock. The directors recom mend a dividend at the rate of 17s. 6d. per cent. on the original stock,which will leave a balance of £l7. The increase in the value of money has rendered the renewal of the debentures a matter of some difficulty, and the directors have generally been compelled to increase the rate. They have made a conditional agreement with Mr. Brassey for work ing the line for another year, upon the same terms and conditions as the present lease. The capital account to the 30th of June shows that £497,639 has been received, and £496,801 expended, leav ing a balance of £B3B. The revenue account states that £6,023 had been received, and £387 expended, leaving a balance of £5,637. TRAFFIC RETURNS FOR THE WEEK. Miles Opened. Receipts. Railways. ~....___A....._, ~...-..._____. 1861. 1860. 1861. 1860. £ X Ballymena and Port Rush - - - - fleJfast and N, Counties 136 136 2,501 2,409 Belfast and County Down 39 39 750 695 Birkd., Lane., & Ches. Juno - - - - Blyth and Tyne 2O 20 1,940 1,953 Bristol and Exeter 125 125 8,106 7,891 Caledonian 2191 219/ 16,971 16,366 Cockermouth & Workington 84 84 257 100 Cork and Bandon 2O 20 322 395 Cork, Blackrock, &Passage 6l 6 1 263 408 Cork and Youghal 26 17 279 111 Cornwall 531 531 1,562 1,629 Deeside l7 17 - - Dublin & Belfast J unction 63 63 1,391 1,336 Dublin and Drogheda 63 63 1,994 2,031 Dub. &Wicklow(in.Kingst ) 401 401 2,918 3,039 Dundalk and Enniskillen Dundee and Arbroath l7l 171 784 794 Dundee, Perth, & Aber. Jun 3l 31 1,473 , 1,216 East Anglian 671 671 935 904 E.Counties,Nrfk.,LicE.Union 499 499 27,605 28,020 Edinburgh and Glasgow 142 142 7,397 7,004 Edinburgh, Perth, & Dundee 78 78 4,536 4,550 Forth & Clyde Junction - - Furness Glasgow & South-Western 183/ 1831 9,202 10,059 Great Northern 283 283 28,172 27,421 Great North of Scotland ritSouthn. & Westn.(lrind ) 829 229 8,581 8,726 Great Western 7451 751 53,244 52,537 Inverness & Aberdeen Juno 55 55 936 870 Irish South-Eastern 25 25 311 290 Lancashire & Yorkshire 3951 3951 39,647 42,469 Leominster and Kington Limerick and Ennis. Limerick and Foynes 26 264 162 132 Llanelly 46 46/ 598 726 London & North-Western London and Blackwall 5l 51 1,928 1,908 London & South-Western Lond. Brighton, & S. Coast 2341 2234 28 . 451 23 .684 London, Chatham, & Dover 72/ 296 2 , 5 4 3 74 4 Loud., Tilbury, & Southend 45 45 2,383 2,183 Han.,Sheffield, & Lincolnsli 2914 2914 15,988 14,783 Manch. S.Jun.& Altrinchami 91 94 1,297 1,153 Maryport and Carlisle ' 28 28 1,176 1,162 Midland (incl. N.-Western) 6144 6144 41,753 42,827 Midland Gt.Westn. of Irind 1924 1774 3,682 4,010 Monkland 56 56 - - Monmouthsh. Rail. & Canal M 44 2,417 2,298 Newcastle and Carlisle 7B 4,050 3,500 North British (inch Selkirk and Galashiels) North Devon 35 35 610 567 N-Eastern(Bedale&Leybrn) 764 764 42,858 42,216 North London 9 9 2,825 2,766 North Staffordshire ' 246 233 7,409 8,422 Oswestry and Newton__ 30 - 636 - Rhymney 194 194 658 C 64 St. Helen's Canal & Railway 52 52 1,707 2,031 Scottish Central Scottish North-Eastern ll5 115 4,920 4,555 Shrewsbury & Birmingham - - - - Shrewsbury and Chester - Shrewsbury & Hereford Shropshire Union 291 291 995 949 South Devon South-Eastern 306 306 28,491 30,056 South Wales l7ll 1711 7,486 7,861 S. Yorkshireand River Dun 118 118 _ - Stockton and Darlington Taff Vale 5l 54 4,808 4,907 Ulster 5l 51 1,969 1,912 Ulverstone and Lancaster Vale of Clwyd Vale of Neath 35 35 LB6l 1,757 Waterford and Kilkenny 3l 31 487 463 Waterford and Limerick West Cornwall 274 274 728 808 W.HartlepoolHarbr.&Rail 39 3 9 4,970 4,528 West Midland . - - _ _... W'haven,Cleator,&Egrmnt 7 7 391 497 Whitehaven Junction l2 12 622 734 Whitehaven & Furness Jun 35 35 642 497 FOREIGN AND COLONIAL Antwerp and Rotterdam 52 52 1,148 1,099 Austrian B2B 673 39,184 37,818 Belgian Eastern Junction 264 264 - - Buffalo and Lake Huron Detroit and Milwaukie lB5 185 1,991 1,845 Dutch Rhenish lOBl 1081 5,088 1,642 Eastern of France 1032 1006 54,537 50,951 East Indian - - Grand Trunk of Canada 970 970 12,490 10,430 Great Indian Peninsula 3501 277 6,355 3,732 Great Luxembourg l2B 128 3,323 2,686 Great Western of Canada 345 345 6,132 5,894 Lyons and Geneva 142 142 5,797 5,840 Madrid, Saragossa &Alicant 301 284 15,948 15,058 Northern of Canada Northern of France 624 614 46,192 44,390 Norwegian Trunk 44 44 1,506 786 Paris, Lyons, & Mediterrn 879 840 85,995 72,555 Paris and Orleans 922 922 54,079 52,573 Pernambuco 364 - 584 - Royal Danish 69 69 657 585 Sambre and Meuse 6B 68 1,719 1,285 South Austrian . 904 826 50,784 34,470 Southern of France • 777 773 22,058 18,319 Welland.. West Flanders •• 75 75 990 890 W. and N.W. of France....l 742 730 42,875 41,433 Thursday afternoon ? " He said, " With Jemmy Bradley." Morley said, " Where did you go ? " He said, "We went beside the Star Inn, down Hempshaw-lane, and up Love-lane." Morley then said to Bradley, "Did you see any one in Love lane." He said, " Yes, we saw a woman ; " and he also said, in answer to a question from Morley, " We had a little boy with us as we met beside the Star Inn." Morley said, " Where did you go after wards " He said, "We went on down Love-lane until we got to a hole with somo water in it, and then Peter sa id th a t I must undress it,. upon which Barratt said, "Thou undressed it as well as me." Morley said, "Then, you both undressed it ? " Bradley said, "Yes." Mor ley said, " What did you do then ? " Bradley said, " Peter pushed it into the water and 1 took my clogs off and went in and took it out again." Peter then said, "It must have another." Morley said, " Another what ? Bradley said, "Another dip in the water." Bradley said, " Well, then, get a stick out of the hedge and lit it." Barratt replied, " Well, thou hit it as well as I." Morley then said, " Where did you hit it ?" Bradley said, "Over the back," and added, "Yes, and over the head." Morley said, " Was it in the water then ?" Bradley said, " Yes." Morley said, " How long did you hit it with the stick ?" Brad ley said, " Until it was dead." Barratt said nothing then, but upon Morley saying, " Then it was quite dead before you left it ?" he said, " Yes." Morley then said, " What did you do with the stick ?" Bradley said, " We hauled it into the field." The Prisoners' shoes and clogs were subsequently taken to the place where the body was found, and the footmarks there were found exactly to corre spond. The prisoners never mentioned a word about the child to any one until questioned by the policeman, and by their silence seemed to have known that they had done something wrong. Mr. Lloyd urged for the defence that the priso ners were mere babies, and had no notion of the in jury they were committing, and called on the jury to acquit them altogether, and not to let the brand of felons fall upon such infants as they saw before them. The learned Judge summed up with his usual care, and told the jury that they must first satisfy themselves that the prisoners were capable of dis cerning between right and wrong. If they thought they were capable of so doing, they were then to consider whether they knew the effect of the act they were committing; if they did not, then the presumption of malice would be rebutted, and the crime reduced to manslaughter. The jury retired, and after an absence of half an hour, returned a verdict of manslaughter, and ex pressed a hope that the learned judge would send the children to a reformatory. The learned Judge said he should be most happy to accede to their recommendation, and sentenced the prisoners to one month's imprisonment, and at the expiration of that to be sent to a reformatory for five years. With this case, at about 10 o'clock last night, the business of the assize concluded. COUNTRY MARKETS. LIVERPOOL—Aua. 9. - - There was a very good attendance of millers and dealers at this morning's market, and we had a middling business doing in wheat; Tuesday's quotations being supported. A. few parcels were again taken for export. Flour of prime qualities being scarce brought rather more money ; but inferior sorts scarcely saleable at former prices. Beans improved is and peas 6d on the week, and were in good de mand. Indian corn held for extreme rates, but the de mand was rather checked. Oats and oatmeal were slow of sale, and no advance in price. WAKEFIELD—AuG. 9. The demand for wheat was again limited. A few choice samples met a fair sale at prices generally in favour of the buyer. Barley nominal. Beans, oats, and shelling were at late rates. LOUGHBOROUGH—AuG. 8. At this market to-day there was a fair show of wheat —all qualities selling at about recent prices, with a quiet trade—white, 56s to 68s ; red, 50s to 60s per 36 stone. Barley quite as high as in the week previous, malting selling at 37s to 41s per qr., grinding 29s to 32s per 30 st. Oats a steady sale, and late values obtained. Beans were steady, at last week's rates. ASSIZE IA TELLIGENCE. CHESTER CIRCUIT.—CHESTER, Aug. 9. (Before Mr. Justice Crompton.) Yesterday evening Peter Henry Barratt and James Bradley were placed at the bar to take their trial for the wilful murder of George Burgess. Mr. Swetenham and Mr. Wood were instructed on the part of the prosecution, and Mr. Morgan Lloyd defended the prisoners. The appearance of the prisoners when brought up to plead filled everybody in court with astonish ment. They are only eight years of age, their heads hardly appeared over the dock, and they seemed quite incapable of giving a plea or knowing what was going on. It was not until their counsel, Mr. M. Lloyd, spoke to them that they could be made to understand that they were to plead Not Guilty. The facts of this most extraordinary case, almost unparalleled in the annals of crime, appeared to be as follows :—The prisoners were lads, up to the time of their apprehension living in Stockport, and ut terly neglected and uneducated, and accustomed to brutal sports and habits. The parents of the de ceased child, who was only two years and nine months of age, were working people living at Baguley-street, Stockport, and, as they were all day occupied at a cotton-mill, they were in the habit of sending the child out to nurse to one Sarah Anne Warren. The last time the father saw his child alive was about 10 minutes to two on Thursday, April 11, playing with another boy on some waste land near the Star Inn. The nurse Warren a little later also saw the deceased play ing on the same spot with a little boy. There were several other boys near. The nurse missed the child half an hour afterwards, and ineffectually searched and made inquiry for him. She never saw him alive again. A little before three o'clock a woman named Whitehead saw the two prisoners and the deceased pass her in Love-lane, going in a direction from the place where the father and nurse had seen the child, towards Hempshaw•lane, near where the body was found. That was about two thirds of a mile from where he was last seen play ing, and the place where Whitehead saw him with the prisoners was about 300 yards from the place where the body was afterwards discovered. White head asked the boys where they were going to, and Barratt said, "We are going down Love-lane." Barratt was pulling the deceased along by the hand. The deceased was crying, and seemed unwilling to go with him. Whitehead asked the prisoner if the child was a boy or girl, and Barratt said it was a little boy. They then went on in the direction where the body was afterwards found. Tho prisoners were next seen by one Emma Williams and Frank Williams, in Ford's field, adjoining Love lane, at about 10 minutes past 4 o'clock. At that time the deceased was naked, and the prisoner Barratt was dragging him into Ford's field by the hand. Frank Williams then saw the prisoner Bradley get a stick from the fence and hit the deceased over the leg. They were about 100 yards off, and Emma Williams called out to them, " What are you doing with that child undressed ?" They made no reply, but went on in the direction of the brook where the body was discovered. On the following day a man named John Buckley was working in the field adjoining the brook, when he saw the body of a child lying in the water, with its face downwards. The body was naked, with clogs on the feet. He did not touch the body, but gave information to Inspector Walker, who went immediately and found the body lying as above described, and its back discoloured and bruised by blows, evidently administered while the poor child was alive and struggling i n the hands of its brutal tormentors. The surgeon who was examined said that, from the bruises being ecchymosed, they must have been inflicted before death. The nurse who dressed the child at seven o'clock on Thursday morning proved that there were no marks o f any ki n d on th e child's back at that time, and also that the child was physically incapable of undressing itself. It appeared, how ever, from the surgical evidence that the cause of death was suffocation from drowning, although there was a blow on the head which might h ave a police .officer.,.went to the house caused concussion of the brain. On Saturday, April 13, Morley, with him to the of Barratt's father, and spoke to him about the case, and from what the prisoner Barratt then said the Barratt nt an d to fo u g n o d policeman asked w Bradley and his house where the prisoner Bradley lived with his parents. They father, and then, in the presence of the risoner Bradley's father, Morley asked Barrett whe p ther he went to school ; he said, " Yes, sometimes, on Sun day." Morley said, " Who did, y ou , play with oil EXETER-AUG, 9. Wheat, white.. 7s Od to7s 6d I Barley. .. .4s Od to 5s Od Ditto new .7s Od to O s Od Oats .. ....... 3s Oa to 38 6d Flour, fine, 44s to —s; seconds, 42s to —s per sack. CATTLE. I Fat beef,p score,' 11s to 12s0d Ewes, per lb .... 6} dt o —d Pork carcases,do lls 6d to 12 s Walters, d 0...... 7d to --d Lambs, per lb 8d to —d Fat calves, d0...6fd to od. Rough fat, Std per lb. BRISTOL SUGAR—Atm.! 9. The market for raw sugars is quiet, and the parcels whkh have been taken are unimportant. Refined goods are mot in so much request, and prices are scarcely so firm. There is no alteration to notice in rums. COAL MARK (Frloea of Coal per Ton at ET—AuciF. 9. - the close of the market Walls End. s. d. Lambert's West Hart ley 16 6 Hastings Hartley l6 9 Walker Primrose 12 9 Eden Main ...17 3 Carway and Duffryn Malting 24 0 Do. Anthracite 21 6 Holywell ..15 9 Lanfield Moor 13 0 I'anfield Moor Butes 13 0 Bell's Primrose ..' 13 0 Wylam l5 6 North Felton... 14 0 Howard's West Hart ley 16 9 Haswell Gas. l3 0 s. d. Acorn Close 17 6 Byron ...17 Hart= 16 9 Eden 17 6 Hedley 16 6 Bell ..16 6 Belmont 16 6 Brsdayll's Hetton 18 0 Heu gh Hall 17 6 K elloe Cassop lB 0 Haswell Tunstall Keiper Grange.... ..18 0 Hartlepool.. lB 6 Trimdon Hartlepool lB 6 Hetton l9 0 Trimdon Thornley 16 6 South Hetton ...19 0 Thorpe .. ..16 L 6 South Hartlepool .....17 6 Russel's Hetton 18 0 Shincliffe a 0 112 sold, 94. Walls Encl. Peases West .15 0 Sheriff Hill 15 6 Tees. lB 9 Pensher .. l5 6 South Kelloe lB 0 Ships at market, THE MAILS. MAILS . Australia, Ceylon, and Mauritius DUE (via South ampton) .. • • • . .. .. .. Aug. 18. Do. (via Marseilles) Aug. 12. Brazil and Cape Verds .. -.. • . Sept. 3. Buenos Ayres, Monte Video, Sm. —... • • Cuba and Mexico .. .. .. • . Canada &c. (via L'derry) .. Aug. 7. Cape of' Good Hope, &c. .. .. .. • • Sept. 1. China, Penang, and Singapore (via S'ampton) Aug. 18. Do (via Marseilles) Aug. 12. Gibraltar (via Southampton) .. • • Aug. 10. India(Calcutta), Ceylon, &c. (via Southampton) Aug. 18., • • Aug. 13. Do. ( - via Marseilles) Aug. 12. India (Bombay), (via Southampton) ... .. Aug. 10. Do. (via Marseilles) .. .. Overdue. Lisbon .. . • • • • • .. .. Aug. 11. Malta, Egypt, and Aden (via Southampton) .. Aug. 10. Do. (via Marseilles) .. Overdue.. Vigo, and Oporto .. .. .. .. .. Aug. 11.. United States, California, &c. .. .. .. Aug. 15. Western Coast of Africa, Madeira, Teneriffe .. Aug. 10. West Indies and Pacific,Carthagena, Cuba, &a. Aug. 13. THE UNPUBLISHED WORKS OF ROUSSEAU.—So hitherto unpublished writings of J. J. Rousseau's are about to be given to the world. It is well known that Rousseau left numerous manuseriptß tho hands of his friend the Protestant clergyman, Moulton, whose name occurs more than once in the " Confessions." It is from these manu scripts, now in the possession of the grandson of the gentle man just named, that the selection about to be published has been made. It includes a correspondence of Rousseau with M. Moulton and the Genevese Coindet ; a Project of a Constitution for Corsica; Letters on Virtue and Happiness; a Treatise on the Sphere; a Fragment on Revelation ; a Fragment on Languages; two novels; a portrait of Rous seau, by himself; and a collection of aphorisms—a suffi ciently varied and inviting list cf contents. BIRTH. S. HOPE.—On the Bth inst., at Bedgebury-park, Kent, Lady Mildred Beresford Hope, prematurely, of a son. LAWRENCE.—On the Bth inst., at Southgate, the wife of Sir John Lawrence, of a son. PoNsomnr.---On the sth inst., at Canford, the Lady Louisa Ponsoaby, of a daughter. _ . VENN.—On the Bth inst., at Tottenham, the wife of W.W Venn, jun., Esq., of a son. MARRIAGES. FORBES—GORDO?T.—On the 7th inst., at Barlston House, Kircudbrightshire, Ste venson Forbes, Esq., of Barnard 'a Green, Worcestershire, to John Anne, youngest daugil ter of the late Sir Joh n G ordon, Bart., of Earlston. M church ACKINTOSH—EDGAR.—On th e Bth inst., at the par i s h , Clapham, Alexander Mackintosh, Esq., of Wat ling-street, to Lucy, youngest daughter of Wm. Edgar, Esq., of Eagle House, Clapham common. CHELOR.—.On the D 7t E h i A ns T t., H Ja B m . BAT esc a e 9 B t .11 lor Esq., of Brighton. ComßE.—On the Bth inst. 2 at o am C bh-par k, Surrey, Mis s Combe, aged 74. FORBES.—On the Bth inst., at Old Charlton, Major-Gen . John Forbes. GRAY. —On the 3d ins •t„ at Aberdeen , David Gray, of 20, Lincoln' • s-mn, London, solicitor. HENDERSON.—On the 4th inst., at Messing Vicarage, sud denly, th e R ev. Thomas Henderson, aged 62. NEWBURGH.— On the 4th inst„ at Slindon House, Sussex, Anne, Countess of Durham, r e lict of Anthony James, fourth Earl of Newburgh, aged 99. TOWNLEY.—On the 9th inst., at his reoideace, 3, nig h ; bury-place, Islington, the Rev. H en r y Townley, age" 77. LONDON : Printed and Published by MI JED° YOUNG, at No. 112, Strand, Printer, at ThE SUN Of lice, No. 112,Strand. In the Precinct of the Savoy, in the G )unty Of tUddle,o4ol Saturcluy, August 10, ISM 1 f •'Y _ toe, lon