The Sun. — London, England, 1842-12-23 00:00:00

\- % ' VIONN L AL o,c lATIO Wealy Meeting of the above Association. ti At ..g t riatiiniousl; agreed to Aved,--That titi= Associatiot), as friends of justice and :anity, cennot look will - . any satisfaction on the late war be: v,.eLi ti.e British Government and China; believing that all aggressive ware are unjust, and, invariably, are injurious to the aggressors, this Association deeply deplores the success of the British arms in a war which was begun in injustice, carried on with au utter disreggrd of human life, and finished with a glar inz at't of spoliation, and most earnestly deprecates all such ware in future, as being opposed to justice, humanity, and honesty, and also the precepts of Christ's (whose followers the British Government profess to be), " As ye would that others should d t unto yet, do ye also unto them." vow ready, °la II :, post Bvo., ri - kR,COUR T 1 Or, the ALDIS'ArESNTURVELES of a LEGATEE. NO. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. To be had at all the Libraries. Just ready, in post Bvo., with c haracteristic Illustrations by Lee • THE SECOND SERIES OP T INGOLDSBY LEGENDS; Or, MIRTH AND 11ARVELS. By THOMAS INGOLDSBY, Esq. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. Tel f: TTS' PATENT BRAND i.—The unparal leled and still increasing sale of this favourite beverage, has been attended by its natural consequence—the excitement of envy in every branch of the Spirit trade. Hence, each suc ceeding year brings to netice competitors, whose announce ments, under fallacious pretences and high sounding titles, urge upon the public notice articles, whose only distinguishing fea ture is their vast infestiority to the Patent Brandy. It is to guard purchasers against the consequences of such attempts, laid for that reason only, that J. T. Betts and Ce. are again induced to state, that the Patent Brandy is manufactured only at the Distillery, No. 7, Smithfield-bars, leading to St. John-street ; where it ma be obtained, pale or colo ured, at Eighteen . I• 3 llillings per gallon, of the highest legal strength. riniF, "NEXT DISTRIBUTION of MONEY 11 DIVIDENDS, AUTHORISED and GUARANTEED by HIS MAJESTY the EMPEROR of AUSTRIA, contains MONEY DIVIDENDS of £5O, £6O, £7O, £BO, £9O, £lOO, 410, £120,. £l5O, £2OO, £ 4OO, £ 6OO, £BOO, £l,OOO, 300, £5,000, and £25,000 Sterling. Amounting together to at:70,17A sterling. Direct for PROSPECTUS with full particulars, WITH OUT DELAY, to HEINE BROTHERS, at HAAIBURGH, Or, to HEINE BROTHERS, at LUBECK. • HEINE BROTHERS having remitted during a very short time very large amounts of Money Divi dends to their Correspondents in Great Britain and Ireland. Dividends of 25,0001., 18,0001., 9,0001., 5,0001., and 3,600/. to Loudon; 3,600!., 8001., ant 7001. to Edinburgh; 3,600/. to Dublin ; 3,6001. to Beverley ; 3,600/. to Halifax ; 1,200/. to Perthleaven Harbour ; 9001., 7001., and 6001. to Liver pool.; 9001 . to Hull; 900/. to Nercastle-upon-Tyne ; 9001. and 6001. to Manchester ; 7001. to East Retford, Nottingham shire • 700/. to . Colne, Lancashire ; 7001 . to Rycje, Isle of Wight ; MU to Cork ; 6001 . to Bideford ; a nd 6001. to Bradford, &e.. &c., they beg to call the attention of those desirous to obtain largo Nloney Dividends to the approaching EIGHTEENTH DISTRIBUTION of LUBECK, gua ranteed by the Government. This Distribution offers the possibility of obtaining more than 25,0001. upon One Share. 2,400 of the Shares obtain Money Dividends of 11. and upwards. Price of One Share, 11. ; two Shares, 2/. ; three Shares, 3/. ; four Shares, 41. ; five Shares, 51. ; six Shares, 6/. ; seven Shares, 71. ; eight Shares, 81. ; nine Shares, 91. ; ten Shares, 101. Direct for Shares, without delay, to HEINE BROTHERS at Lubeck: The full Prospectus, with all particulars, may be had gratis, upon addressing a line to Heine Brothers. THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT-GARDEN. LAST NIGHT OF MISS ADELAIDE KEMBLE'S APPEARANCE. THIS EVENING, DEC. 23, Will be presented Bellini's Opera of NORMA. Norma, by Miss Adelaide Kemble ; Pollio, Mr. W. Harrison ; ()roves°, Mr. Giubilei ; Adalgisa, Miss Rainforth. After which THE TURF. Captain Flatooker, Mr. Walter Lacy; Clovis Culpepper, Mr. Bartley; Gallop, Mr. Meadows ; Aaron Tret, Mr. Harley ; Mrs. Culpepper, Mrs. flumby ; Miss Warren, Miss Lee. Doors open at Half-past Six, and tke Performances com 'cense at Seven.—Dress Boxes 7s. Second Price 3s. ; First and Second Circles 5 5., Second Price 2s. 6d. ; Pit 3s; Second Price 2s. ; Gallery Is. Tickets and Places for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. Whit low, at the Box-office, from Ten till Four, where Season Tickets may be bad. Private 11c.xes to be had at the Box-office ' • of Messrs. An drews, 187, New Bond-street; Mr. Mitchell, Old Bond-street ; an of Mr. Sams, Pall Mall. THEATRE ROYAL, HAY-MARKET. THIS EVENING, DEC. 23, Will be performed Congreve's Comedy of THE WAY OF THE WORLD (Adapted for Representation). Period, 1699. Sir Wilful) Witwoud, Mr. W. Farren ; Fainall, Mr. Vining; Marwoud, Mr. Stuart ; Witwoud, Mr. Charles Mathews ; Petulant, Mr. Buckstone; Waitwell, Mr. Strickland ; Mil lamant, Madamelreetris; Lady Wishfort, Mrs. Glover. After which, a new Drama, called THE BASTILE. Louis t/uatorze, Mr. H. Holl ; Fricandeau, Mr. Webster; the Duchess de Moutbazon, Miss Charles; Ninon Labatt', Ma dame Celeste. To be followed by Mr. Buekstone's New Farce, called A 'KISS IN THE DARK. Mr. Selim Pettibone, Mr. Bokstone ; Frank Fathom, Mr. Howe ' • Marv, Miss Mattley ; Unknown Female, Miss Conn or ; Mrs. Pettibone, Mrs. W. Cliffbrd. To conclude with the Farce o HONEST THIEVES. Obadiah, Mr. Strickland; Teague f , Mr. Malone Raymond ; Ruth, Mrs. Malone Raymond ; Arabella, Miss C. Connor. PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. This New and Elegant Theatre, fitted up in a style of splendour hitherto unequalle d in this country, Will OPE M on MONDAY, DECEMBER 26, With an ADDRS, to be delivered by Mr. J. H. Wallack. After which, LA SOMNAMBULA. Count Rodolph, Mr. W. H. Weiss • Alessi°, Mr. Walton ; Liza, Mrs. J. H. Si veer) ; Amina, Ma4ame Euvnia Garcia (her first appearance on the English stage); Elmo, Mr. Templeton. To conche with a New Fairy burlesque burletta , en titled THE YE LLOW DWARF. Principal characters by Mr. Oxberry, Mrs. Anderson, Miss Noel, Madle. Melanie bum% and M. Deueze, who will make their first appearance in this country in the incidental ballet. Places and Private Boxes to be had at the Theatre, and at all the principal Libraries. • • THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPHI. THIS EVENING, DEC. 23, "Will be repeated the new Burletta, entitled THE MER CHANT AND HIS CLERKS. The principal characters by Messrs. Lyon, 0. Smith, Pael Bedford, Wright, Maynard, Wieland, Miss Chaplin, Miss Brooks, and Mrs. P. Grattan. After which a New Drama, in Two Acts, called YOU KNOW WHAT. The principal Characters by Mr. 0. Smith, Mr. Wright, Mr. Maynard, and Miss Faucit. To be followed by a Grand Burletta Spectaele, entitled ALMA. Principal Characters by Messrs. Paul Bedford, Wieland, Frampton, Mrs. H. P. Grattan, and Madame Proche Giubilei. To conclude with NORNIA. Pollio, Mrs. H.tP. Grattan ; Norma, Air. Paul Bedford; Adalgisa, Mr. Wright. Boxes, 4s. ; Pit, es. ; Gallery, h. Doors open at half-past six, co►nreence at seven o'clock. MOH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY. .rning 28 minutes after , 51 Evening 55 minutes after 5 t' ~., .... a.:m -.)),,, ........„_,,,,... 0, to . , te c '' (1 0 . ,', _, 0 ..".. , _ C; , - ' , " . 4, e... .. 6 (- Int Atn° LONDON:', FRIDAY Mar.NING, DECEMBER 23, 1842. All argument as to the utility of a Corn-law to protect the cultivators of the soil is at an end. The Protectionists have wholly given up the question. No man now says a word in defence of the law. At the meetings of the agriculturists, there have been complaints enough of the Tariff, and enough of Sir R. PEELS Corn-law; there have been vague aspirations aStir protection, but _ . not a word has been said in favour of the sliding scale. The points yet doubtl on the subject are these :—First. When will the public mind be frilly saturated with the knowledge which painful facts have lately made apparent, and how long will it require to give the public sentiment the technical form and dress of an Act of Parlia ment ? How long must the nation continue to suffer from a law of which the folly has been demonstrated to the complete conviction of the people? Secondly. Is the repeal to be total and immediate, or partial and gradual, allowing the law to slide out of existence? We cannot answer the first question, but if' the rumour to which we yesterday alluded have arty foundation—and we see so many proofs of the progress of conviction amocgst the agricul. turists, that we believe it has—the embodying of the public sentiment in an Act of Parliament is nearer hand than most people suppose. If it be the duty of the leaders of society to go before it, as the name implies, and if all laws must apply to the future—the past being beyond the power even of Parliament—we may reasonably expect th*t the Ministers will go in advance of the SqiiggiStl multitude of their followers, and hasten to pass an Act, which may to some extent pre cede and prepare for the complete formation of public opinion. Foresight is perhaps the most necessary, and yet the rarest quality of a states man, for without that he cannot adapt his en actments to the unknown future. To suppose thLat he has much influence over the progress of soc i e ty, and either guides or Controls it, is proved, by . modern exPeriOnee, to brain be as idle a chimera as er of any er entered thereforming which is .the gu id e o f vie—Oularyr. Over opinion, action, in statesman has, P erh a ps , not more fluence than any observing man who writes in a , ne wspaper. It is his bus iness , . therefore, t o fore .see, if he can, that future which he cannot his laws to it. If the lommand, end to adapt 4.1.1. tr will ovine... Nihipmak - THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, DECEM 111:11, 23, 1842. ra—c the landlords to unite with them, in giving graphs refer to subjects which we think are proper at once that freedom to trade which must ulti- for the consideration of the LegiAature, and it inately be given, because it is essential to the ought to attend to them. prosperity and the peace of society. I The fourth head treats of a subject with which As to the second question, our own opinion is legislation should not meddle. Whether a man I clear, decided, and has been frequently expressed. i lets his land to-tenants-at-will, or by leases, is We are for an immediate and total repeal, and no business of the law-maker. The owner of the we are glad to see that converts to that opinion land is to have it in full property ; and, in ac are multiplying every day. We will quote, for cordance with the principle we have just laid example, a part of a letter which has been ad- down, he may lease it in any manner he pleases. dressed to the Scotsman by a Sussex farmer, sheep, The same observations apply to the fifth head. and cattle dealer, the signature to which we be- Whether the rent be paid in money or grain, lieve to be genuine, and the sentiments of which no more concerns the law-maker than whether we know are entertained by the farmers of the the tailor pays the shoemaker with coats or with South:— bank-notes. For the sake of clearness, and for lam an English agriculturist who would have the sake of science, we are sorry that Mr. GREG stuck like a rivet to any Corn-law that might have has not made the distinction we have pointed worn the appearance of finality; but who, seeing that out, and has left it to be inferred by his remarks no political party can maintain a law of protection as that each and all of these defects may be, and a final measure—seeing that sooner or later the Corn- ought to be, remedied by the act of the Legisla laws will be totally abolished—,l seek wit h the ut most anxiety their total and immediate repe al. ture. We demur to such an inference, and have And I ask for this after well considering the whole thought it necessary to draw attention to the dis -subject ; after hearing the opinions of many of our tinction, that we may not be thought wholly re leading farmers in the midland, southern, and western gardless of the rights of landowners. counties of England, who agree with me in saying, At the same time, we must observe that their " Either let us be protected, or let us know on what claim to tax the public in order to keep up re nt, ground we are to stand and protect ourselves." Each gives the public acomplete right to pry into their week I meet two or three score of first-rate graziers and cattle-dealers ; each quarter of the year I meet mode of managing their land. What should several hundreds of leading graziers and corn-growers we care that the landowners chose to employ from eight or ten of our agricultural counties; and half their estates in feeding partridges and hares, during each of these periods I see many hundreds of and allowed the other half to be only half-tilled, the smaller farmers of the same districts, all of whom that theymight have in the tenant-at- willa political demand eithea to be protected by a permanent law, or slave, if we were not called upon to pay him for to be at once freed from the destructive effects of end keeping his game and neglecting tillage ? It' we less changes and insecurity. could buy our bread where we pleased, how he The question of gradual abolition, I assure you, Mr. Editor, and your north country readers, is n ever em p lo y ed his land would be nothin g to us. The mooted in the south and west of England. We are, tax on bread, in order to raise rent, makes the many of us, Conservatives in general politics. We landowner responsible to the public for the opposed the Whigs and the eight shillings duty, be- manner in which he employs his land, and, cause we knew they could not keep to it as a:final mea- rightly understood, reduces him, while he thinks sure. We supported the Conservatives, and looked he shows his power, to a state of slavery. Mr. forward to Sir Robert Peel in the hope of permanent maintenance of protection; but we now see that, as GREG says— conflicting interests stand, Sir Robert Peel neither I have at this moment lying before me particulars will nor can fulfil these former expectations. I meet of a large estate advertised for sale. The first farm few men who are not convinced of this. Ask any hun- on the list consists of 244 acres, rent 2101. per annum; dred of our south country farmers what, in the matter and the second, 239 acres, rent 2201. Both farms are of the Corn-laws, they would like best, and ninety- within twenty-five miles of London, tithe free, and let nine will answer—" A Corn-law not to be altered:' to yearly tenants ; and a note is attached to the de- Ask, after this, what they prefer, when they see such scription of both, "an exceedingly low rent, in conse a Corn-law cannot be obtained; they will hold their quence of damage arising to the crops from the game tongues. Ask if their total and immediate repeal is and rabbits. not the best alternative ; you will find yourself landed The landlords must not attempt to " eat their cake perchance, in' an argument on the supposed results of and have their cake," as the saying is. They must total and immediate repeal: and, perhaps, you will not deny to a tenant the security of a lease, claim his hear some doleful suppositions, likelihoods, doubts, vote at elections, keep a quarter of their estate s in and fears. But ask if the gradual abolition would be cover, permit their game to destroy his wheat and preferable • and at once, from all, you hear a burst of turnips, and yet expect him to pay a full rent; nei " No, no; 'let us be protected in reality, or take away ther must they tax the community, by the creation of that protection. If we are to die, let us die; but do a monopoly, to enable him to pay a full rent. They not torture us with a slow death !" must choose between diminished income and dimi- That comes from the same county where the nished privileges, and not attempt to keep up both at Messrs. GORINGS have lately told the farmers the expense of the nation, by maintaining the Corn-laws. they must no longer rely on protection, which The pamphlet, like all Mr. R. H. GREG'S pro is a strong presumption in favour of its accuracy. ductions, is sensible and worth reading. At the same time, it is a delightful proof of the general spreading of enlightened opinions in that part of the empire. The Duke of Rlcu- MOND, though he somewhat sulkily sticks to protection, and tells his tenants not to alarm themselves, but "wait and see if men proposed" great changes, has not been able to stop the march of opinion in Sussex, where a short crop and low prices have made the mass of the agri culturists extremely uneasy, and anxious to be no longer plagued with laws which mock them by a promise of protection that is never realised. Agreeing in many of the opinions of his Corres pondent, the Scotsman is now an advocate for as total and immediate repeal. The Editor says— Every farmer who expects to occupy his land for a term of years, with or without a lease, must long for protection against perpetual uncertainty. This he can only receive from a final measure; and the agriculturists themselves are now fast arriving at a conviction, that no measure short of free trade can be final. Every country gentleman who intends to buy or sell an estate, must feel his situation as full of per plexity as that of the farmer who rents it. Let it be kept in mind, that what is called " free trade" still leaves the British corn-grower a protection equal to the cost of importation, which averages ten shillings per quarter, or more than twenty per cent. on the present price of wheat. To this advantage many others are added. His capital, skill, and machinery, are vastly superior to those of the foreigner he has better and cheaper means of transport, and he must always have virtually a monopoly in the supply of animal food. When we thus find the opinion that the laws should be totally and immediately repealed ra pidly gaining ground in the country, we only feel the more confirmed in our views. If a law were to be passed partially and gradually to re peal the existing law, there could be no guarantee that the repeal law would not be itself repealed. Nay, it is highly probable that the agriculturists, who would suffer by the check given to enter prise till the end of the gradual change was reached, would be the first and the most strenu ous to demand that repeal. We believe, too, that they much over-rate the effects on prices of a total and immediate repeal. If it be true, as experience has proved, that the law has not kept up the price to the expectations of the agricultu rists, it is also probable that abolishing the law will not reduce the price as much as they fear. They formed their opinion of the law, as Mr. GREG has remarked, from what was intended by the law-maker, 'not from the actual effect of the law. Their present apprehension of the effects of total repeal are more derived from their old faith in the promises of the law, than from their present conviction as to its performances. Theii comparisons are all based on their habitual be lief that the law would give them 60s. or 655. a quarter, not on the fact that it has only given them 565. or less, and at present does not give them above 475. We believe, therefore; that they may dismiss all their fears of a great reduction of prices from the abolition of the Corn-law, and it' prices were to fall 5 or 10 percent., they would be speedily compensated by the steadiness of the price and the brisk demand. A CONSERVATIVE FESTIVAL took place at Devon port on Tuesday. There were 540 gentlemen present, including two Conservative Members for Devonshire, in a Hall which the Chairman said he " defied the world to equal." There was much self laudation about the growth of Conservative principles, and the increase of Conservatives, meaning, we presume, the increase of those who now, as a principle, look to Sir Robert Peel's Administration for admission to the snug places which abound in the neighbouring Dock, Ordnance, and Victualling yards. Amongst the company there was a fair sprinkling of those who are dependent on the Government, and without im peaching either the consistency or the principles of the convives, we are afraid, contrary to the opinion of the Chairman, who unfortunately alluded to the subject, that the change of Ministry has had considerable influence in causing the increase of Conservatives in the borough of Devon port. The Chairman says it is so great, that the pre sent Members must look on the gathering as a notice to quit and demean themselves accordingly. They, however, will wisely wait and see which party is in the ascendant at the next general election. They will not assume that the boasting of their opponents is the index to the number of their own friends, and they will not retire because their enemies are tired of them. INCOME-TAX.—The Town Council of Edinburgh passed, on the 20th instant, a series of strong resolu tions against the Income-tax, by twenty votes to four. Mr. It. H. GREG, vitilsiequaio-tericinudlteufraetigoafbElengin his exerti ons to improve - land, has just s ent f orth a second pamphlet, pub lished The onfollow ing " is Scotch In Farming he England." he gives of his views:— The principal difficulties, then, in the way of the of general establishment an improved system of agri- I culture in England, I conceive to be—. 1. The low state of intelligence amongst the Eng lish farmers and labourers, and the general ignorance of landowners themselves on the science of agriculture, and proper management of their estates. 2. The uncertain and divided ownership of land, arising out of common and manorial rights. 3. The law of entail, by which no man owns his own estate. 4. The prevalence of tenantepat-will, and unwil lingness of landowners to grant leases, and to resign the incidental privileges of landed property. 5. The rents being paid in a fixed amount of money, instead of a given quantity of produce. Some of these points scarcely concern the Legislature or the public, except as matters of curiosity and information. They do not, we think, fall within the scope of legislation. The Legislature, for example, is itself much too igno rant to undertake the education of the farmers, and that can only be improved by making them aware of their deficiencies. It is ofno use setting the blind to lead the blind. School education, on which Mr. R. H. GREG relies very much, pre vails most extensively in Germany, without making the people good agriculturists, or active, energetic men. We listen, therefore, with some repugnance to eulogiums on a State-given edu cation as a means of improving agriculture. It is the business of the Legislature to take care that the ownership of land shall be so regu lated that the land may be turned to the greatest possible public advantage. It is bound, therefore, to put an end to conflicting and uncertain rights, and bound to guarantee to the present generation as full a power over the soil as any of its pre decessors possessed ; or it is bound not to give effect to entails, tying up land by the will of men long since Every man should own his property fully and completely, subiect to all public charges. No blemen and gentlemen !should be at liberty to provide for their younger children, and at liberty to improve their estates by selling any portion of them. Every acre of the land of this country has been bought over and over again; and it is now a merchandise, the representative of money, and it ought to be as freely bought and sold as -*I, The second and third na THE WEATHER.----SuN OFFIcE, DE( THERNOMETER, Diwest, ; Highest, BAROMETER, 29.07.- Wi ``.>~ r Noon, 4 - eirAil 4..A' ".. Q.;/t 'A s'" 1.,44 -_,Creci"-,lb,f-f,- jK -' -",' . .-Sii' , i----',..*lt ‘ 4 :411111 4 I A.. - .-:',.. '-- -- 7,- k iw.4 c 74- 2,etonbfrbition tSU.N OFFICE Three o' AMERICAN NEWS EXPRESS FROM LIVERPOOL. By the packet ship Europe, Captain Marshall, which left New York on the Ist inst., we have received papers of that day, being one day later than those received by the steamer Acadia. They do not contain news of any interest to the English reader. The President's Message was, to be delivered on the sth inst. It was ex pected to contain some strong views on the subject of existing difficulties between Mexico and Texas, and a recommendation of still stronger measures, _in case our pending claims: against the former Government should not be imme diately adjusted. Instructions, it is understood, have been forwarded to the American Minister at Mexico, to bring matters at once to a crisis, and to make a last and formal demand upon that Government for the settlement of the claims of the United States against it; and it is in expectation that this demand will prove unsuccessful, and give rise to some _hostile movement on the part of Santa Anna, that the United States Go vernment has ordered a naval force to sail for the Mexican sea-board, to protect commerce in that quarter. MONEY MARKET. Transactions at the stock board were not large to day, but at generally former rates ; Ohio 6's declined Mohawk rose 1 per cent. Money continues quite plenty, and loans have been had at five per cent. There is yet no movement in business which creates a de mand for capital to any great extent. The specie which flows from this city to the south west, for operations in produce, has been pretty well supplied by receipts from other quarters, and has not yet reduced the capital seeking employment to an important extent. The exchanges have been a little more firm, but notwithstanding that a large amount of specie is on its way to this country, they show symptoms of a downward tendency. A large amount of specie has already been re ceived from abroad, yet both here and at the south rates continue to fall. The large sum, nearly $3,000,000, sent from New York south has raised the rates between here and the south, but they are far from firm. CORN TRADE. All is up in this market. Navigation on the canals having closed and shut in upwards of one hundred thousand barrels of flour, holders in this city and elsewhere have run the price up to $5 00, and pro bably a fraction more to-day. STATE OF TRADE. The foreign freights appear to be improving both here and at the south. In this city the rates rule at id. for cotton, to Liverpool in square bales, and id. in round ; Turpentine and flour Is. 6d. to ls. 9d. per brl. To London : Cotton 3s. Sd. ; Flour and naval stores, 2s. 6d. per barrel. COTTON TRADE. The market is heavy, and prices continue a down ward tendency in nearly all the leading ports. The receipts continue very large, and the excess over the receipts of the last year continues to increase. The accounts from Madrid are to the 14th inst. The Gazette contains a dispatch, stating that the REGENT still remained at Sarria. It was generally believed in the capital, that the Cortes would be re-opened on his return, when the state of the country, and the late insurrection at Barcelona, would form interesting subjects of discussion. The Opposition papers, but espe cially those in the pay of CHRISTINA, continue their rabid attacks upon ESPARTERO.. The Paris papers are bad enough, but fall far short of the violence and abuse of one or two Madrid journals. We give the following as a specimen, taken from a paper in the interestof the CX-QUEEN REGENT : ° When we hear the panegyrics with which the Ministerial journals celebrate the victory which Ge neral Espartero has obtained over Barcelona, we re tire in affright from the contemplation of a spectacle the most horrible to our mental vision—the spectacle of a Spanish General throwing 800 bombshells into the second city in Spain ! Robespierre—the ferocious Robespierre—the tribune Robespierre—the revolu tionary Robespierre, when he sent Hebert and Chau mette to the guillotine as disturbers,' also invoked the name of • public order,' and he also found flat terers to maintain that the cause of public order had no warmer defender nor more virtuous upholder than himself. " Notwithstanding, the figure of Robespierre is a noble one when viewed in comparison with the bloody spectre of the bombarder of Barcelona. Robespierre represented the public order of the revolution, because he represented a revolutionary State. Robes pierre represented a great party, because he re presented all the interests then compromised in the struggle which France sustained against the whole of Europe. The victims of Robespierre were not personal sacrifices to his ambition ; they were immo lated in support of the existing state of things. The spectre of Montjuich represents nothing but his un bounded egotism. All the victims, all the disasters, are holocausts to himself and his savage ambition. Of all the tyrants, of all the dictators, of all the monsters that history presents to us in the three last centuries, there is none that does not represent a course or a principle, an order of ideas or a union of interests. The General of the 3d of December alone presents himself to us on the heights of Montjuich as a pirate in his vessel, exercising his dominion in the solitude of the ocean, without other rule or law than his proper thirst of pillage. It would be a sacrilegious outrage against the principle of public order to sup pose it could influence the actions of a monster, in whose heart it never found a place. Let the words be blotted out otthe impious adulations of those who so sacrilegiously profane them I" The Three per Cents. were done at 21 15-16 at 60 days; and the Five per Cents. at 261 5-16 I, at 60 days. The rational and peaceful view of the relations between France and Spain taken by the Paris journals, in the interest both of M. GUIZOT and M. TRIERS, holds out, strong hopes that peace will not be disturbed. The Debats and the Presse represent the feelings of the Court and the late QUEEN REGENT; but the Court does not govern the Chambers, and would possess very little power indeed if opposed to the two chief leading statesmen of France. We published yesterday the sentiments of M. GUIZOT, as given in the Paris Globe, and here subjoin those of his rival on this important question :—" We trust," says the Constitutionnel, " that our amicable re lations with Spain will not be interrupted by the late events at Barcelona, for a rupture between France and Spain would be truly deplorable. A war between the two countries would be impious, and those only who hate our Government, and reprobate the revolution by which it was estab lished, can possibly desire it. We do not mean to speak of the dangers of such a war, which would certainly bring England into the lists. France is not accustomed to entertain such considerations, and, should her interests or her honour be in question, no thought of danger would deter her from drawing her sword. But Spain as now constituted, is the daughter of our revolution—interests, principles, traditions, all attach us to her—even the recol lection of the injuries we have done to her. The inevitable result of a conflict would be an eternal alienation, and would place her under the vas salage—both commercial and political of England. The losses, which she and France would sustain, must be converted into profit by England. This is evident to all common understandings, and will be the more easily comprehended in France, as no animosities exist against Spain to per vert the judgment of this country, and the peo ple of both have a sympathy towards each other. We, therefore, ardently hope that the serious differences which have arisen be tween the two Governments may be pacifically settled to their mutual satisfaction. We lay aside all that has been written by the journals. Happily the two Governments are not called upon to adopt their recriminations; but there are, in certain official acts, insinuations against France so full of malevolence, that the honour of the Spanish Government cannot fail to induce it to disavow them. The REGENT and his coun sellors are now fully acquainted with the facts; and, now that the passions are beginning to calm down, it will be easy for them to recognise that the vituperations of M. GUTTIEREZ are as inju rious to Spain as they are serviceable to Eng land. If the marked disapprobation of the Spanish Government should deprive these acts of what might compromise the good under standing between the two countries, all would not be settled ; but the question would not be further complicated than by the faults committed by our own Ministers. We have repeatedly pointed out these faults, and, until a different line of conduct be adopted, we shall unweariedly call the solicitude of the country to the dangers to which it is exposed by the policy of the Ministry. Since the occur rence of October 29, everything has been done in France to wound the feelings of Spain, and de stroy our influence at Madrid. M. GUIZOT wished to induce the Chamber to cast upon the Spanish Government the odium of anarchy, and, although he did not succeed, although the Cham ber resisted the passionate appeal of the Minis ter, the impression made at Madrid by such conduct has been no less deep, for it was in the name of the Cabinet, it was as an influential Minis ter, that M. GUIZOT brought forward his ill-ad vised censure. As it' to add to this wrong act, M. GUIZOT raised a ridiculous question on a mere point of etiquette, which he maintained with gra vity, thus creating a senseless dispute, which could have no other object than that of personally insulting the man whom the Spanish nation had placed at its head. All these faults have been taken advantage of, and the natural conse quences have ensued. The sympathy of the Spanish Government has been diverted from France, arid turned towards England. Fortu nately this evil is not without remedy, and the debates about to be entered upon in the Cham bers may avert its consequences. The existence of the Ministry will be attacked even by men who have hitherto given it their support. Let this be well reflected upon by the Chamber, which does not desire that France lose the allies left to her, and which has rio prejudices against Spain. W hat the present Cabinet is too impotent to effect, a new Cabinet may accomplish with ease. This is true not only with regard to Spain, but as to England—as to all Europe—towards whom M. GUIZOT has found the art of placing himself on time worst footing by reducing himself to a mere nullity." It is always with much satisfaction that we observe in any of the French papers friendly, or even impartial, remarks in regard to the affairs of England and the policy of her Govern ment. We have had occasion to animadvert in strong terms on the violent articles which have abounded lately in most of the Opposition journals, from a firm conviction that their object was a breach between England and rrance, and that the war would only entail great suffering, and cause great loss of life and property, without in any degree benefiting either country. What did France or England gai❑ by the long and afflicting war which tifflowed the French Revolution ? Only glory. Both could boast of great victories —the greatest of modern, and perhaps also of ancient times; but these were purchased by the sacrifice of millions of human beings, by an enormous increase of debt, which still presses heavily on every Frenchman and Englishman ; and when peace came they found themselves, like two mad combatants of equal strength, in the very same position in which they commenced the bloody contest. Is there any rational ground for believing that different re sults would follow another war? France cannot conquer the English fleet, and England can make no impression upon the French army. Both these facts, we believe, even the writers who display such animosity to England admit ; and what madness, then, to urge on a war which can have no earthly object but the barbarous gratifi cation of national antipathies? M. GUIZOT and 11. THIERS, therefore, deserve the gratitude of Europe for the just and moderate opinions they display respecting the misunderstanding between France and Spain. They know that a war between the two countries, would, sooner or later, involve the whole of Europe ; and, however anxious they may be to pay court to their Sovereign, and favour his well-known views re specting the marriage of the young Queen of SPAIN, they have too much judgment and inde pendence, let us hope, to sacrifice the interests of their country in such a bad cause. They know, too, that a war made upon Spain, in her present helpless state, would rouse the indigna tion of Europe; while, at the same time, it could not effect the main object in view, and to a certainty alienate from France, more than ever, the feelings of die Spanish nation. It is altogether a hopeless and a dangerous project ; and we trust the Conservative party, or rather the Court party, will not be de ceived by the support offered by certain journals, in other respects at utter hos tility with the Government. The ob ject of these probably is two-fold, yet intimately connected—a war with England, and the downfal of the ORLEANS dynasty. Can these journals join cordially with a Government that would put down Liberal institutions in Spain, while they denounce it for arbitrary and despotic conduct towards their own country ? It is said that a prophet has no honour in his own country; but that saying, like all general rules, has an exception, and a very remarkable one has taken place in our own times—that of a man who has conferred honour on human nature, and been a source of com fort and joy to many a hapless individual —that man is Dr. TURNBULL. In another part of the paper we have inserted, from the Lancet and Medical Gazette—sources which ought to be competent to appreciate the value of his discoveries —some additional proofs of Dr. TURNBULL'S unwearied and successful labours in the wide field ofmedical improvement ; and, like all men of true genius, our friend has taken Nature fbr his guide. Acting on the impulse of his own creative, yet reflecting, mind, he has chalked out a new line for himself, by daring to be ori ginal—that is, having the good sense, in his en deavours to cure or alleviate the infirmities inci dent to our species, to go to the fountain head. Discarding the affected mystery of the profes sion, with many of whom mystery is their salva tion, he has culled the seeds of science from the only infallible source—Nature. But be goes further : he publishes the results of his labours to the world, and modestly asks if he be right in his conclusions! This is spontaneous generosity, and worthy of the mind that can so freely labour for the good of others. For ourselves, we do not pretend to be competent judges of the full value of Dr. TURNBULL'S discoveries—but, as seeing is believing, we humbly think that— " When those who came to scoff remained to praise"— and that too among his own profession—not al ways the most generous in according merit where merit is due, we think we may take some credit to ourselves for having done Dr. TURN BULL justice in The Sun last year. We then Another instance of the bad faith on the part of those interested in exciting bad feelings to wards Spain has just been discovered. On Tuesday it was stated in the Moniteur that e i g h ty _fi ‘ c individuals sentenced to death at Barcelona had been shot. This paragraph was copied into the other Paris papers, and as might be supposed caused a great sensation. It is now admitted that a gross error had been committed in copying the account from a Barcelona journal, in which it was distinctly stated, that only thirteen persons had been shot. The Pliare des Pyrenees contains the following spoke from our honest conviction, and we have extract of a letter from the frontiers of Spain : the high gratifleation to find dna our autici pations " Brigadier Mdreno de Las Perms, Colonel of the have been realis'ed, by the success of his perse- Guadalajara Regiment, and 'Who is no w at Perpignau,•; vering genius —and the according testimony has been condemned to death; apparently tbr Nixing . i.)f his , applaudin rivals. This .is in- figured on the list of members of the Comulting c Junta. Brigadier Castro, who returned -to Spain a deed the very triumph of true desert; for the man who has the honesty to applaud in an- few days back, has been arrested at Girona, an d is about to be tried. Orders have been given to shoot other that merit to which he aspires himself. Colonel Prim as soon as he shall be found. Our is only second to the object of his admiration. countryman, M. Lefebvre, the victim of Zurbano's Dr. TURNBULL deserves well of his fellow-men brutality, has gone back to Barcelona on commercial —and we heartily wish him success. business. The Spanish Consul at Perpignan has re ceived orders not to deliver to - any person, even to women, passports for returning to Spain." We copy the following extracts from the Corn- merce : The Constitutionnel said yesterday morning that there would not be a Royal sitting at the re-openino of' the session. We believe that it is mistaken 31. Guizot says openly that he will enter on the contest in the addresS, and resolve all questions before pro ceeding with the session. We are even assured that orders have been given to the keepers of the wardrobe to arrange the Chamber for a Royal sitting, and it is not probable that the King will go to the Palais Bourbon without delivering a speech. There will, however, be no want of matter for discussion. Only it, is to be hoped that the Committee appointed to draw up the address will not make the result of its operations too long waited for. Sr: JEAN DE LUZ, DEC. 16.—The French trines dor Saint Amapa, which, as we have stated, was detained at sea, and carried into St. Sebastian by a Spattish Custom-house boat, has been released; it arrived here yesterday afternoon from SOCOR, with ai d, crew. The goods which the vessel had on board; and which were destined for Oporto, were landed and I lodged in the Custom-house at St. Sebastian the tri bunal having declared them sequestrated. t Seen" that the French authorities have taken the matter up, and have, in consequence, demanded the restitution of the goods.—Phare des Pyrenees. BOURSE—PARIS. TUESDAY, DECEMBER 20 ; age First Highest t...ovvest Price.' Price. Price Price. 1 18 55 French Five per Cents. 118 55... 118 60... I L° L°••• 06 50 41A per Cents. 106 50... 106 50.. luu, " 4 ;','" 1 1 01 g ) Four per Cents. 101 50... 101 50... 101 ""*" - 8 So Threes ... 78 30... 78 30... 78 x 3300 Bank of France 8310 ...3310 ~,3300 ... -1050 Laffitte Bank I,ooof 1050 ..1050 „,1050 5,000 f 5075 ...5080 -.5075 •••"- 1075 Belgian Bank, 1841 1075 ...1075 .:.1075 Belgian Fives ........... 103 ... 103 103 „, *** 1 04 13 . 1840.... 104 ... 104 ***- 231 Spanish Active. . 231 23 2 .4 ". '32i Portuguese Fives 321 321 ••• 106 20 Neapolitan 10 6 20... Roman ... 104} 1044 ... 41 ••• RAILWAY SHARES. Po 7 50 Versailles, L.B lO5 ... 107 50... 105 2 7 5 R.B 275 ... :275 275 Rouen Orleans. 6lO ... 620 610 7, 01 .23 Strasburg to Bale 2Ol 25... 201 25... 201 26 " . '- BELGIAN FUN .. 3.—BaussaLs , Dkc. 20. Actual Debt, 2% per Cent . . ... . .................. Rothschild's Loan, Five per 'Cent. . ... . ... ........ Loan of Thirty Millions, Four per Cent ..... ••••••• 93 Three per --.Thlrty.seven Millis ns, ditto -...........«•' i r 3 4 ........ 9 . Loan of City, 1832, Four per Cent.,.. ! .... Society of Commerce, Four and a Half per I, e nt. „-;.; Bank of Belgium, Five per Cent. ....................... National Society . .. . Exchange on London (short) .•. ......... ..... ••••••• —Brussels Papers, Lee. 20. AUSTRIAN FUNDS V Boma, De c. 12 Five per Cents. Metalligues ......................... 1(974 10 , 1 Four per Cents. Three per Cents. Bank Spares ... . . .......... 16" Allgemeine Zeitung, Dec. 10. MAGISTRATES' LAW. , k b e d Four novel principles have been lately estau in the law of England by recent decisions Of metropo• litan Magistrates : . Any man taking offence at the nature Of k a n the article exhibited in a shop-window, may ,a us of latter, abstract the former, and receive th e than .0. the Magistrate before whom he is taken fo r his Palfair 2. Any person offering an article for sa le at $ t price, may be presumed to be a beggar and a vegran resu me d 3. treated accordingly. mi med 3. Any man out at the elbows, may be P o f in to have put on a tattered garb for the purp ose pouring upon the benevolent, and be sent to the finu'v of Correction sans ceremonie. urea 4. Any man looking into a watchmaker's shopPeaea be presumed to be meditating a felony, and , into custody forthwith. the honour To Mr. Jardine, at Bow-street, belongs of having enunciated the first of these gr and ri n ; ciples—Mr. Greenwood, of Clerkenwell, m eti3 claim to the glory of having made evident the —Correspondent of the Chronicle. t'. DEATH FROM FRlGHT.—Yesterday Mr. Bak er lick' r an inquest at the Sportsman, Margaret tr - eet, Sh ore. ditch, on the body of Cecilia Palmer, aged -s 43, ° fl3ir t h d ei cage-walk. Ann Wright said that on Frida,Y , n t 9th inst., the deceased was summoned to the C ourt Requests for the sum of 2s. 3d., and the ease 1 ° 44 terminated in her favour, she was leaving the Court Ahell the plaintiff atthe illobservingsa of the sueee thatsheac yititiosil,enciente, an provoked V? She was rotten making use at the same time of the name ofegeroe4 ' May you never get through it affected by what he had said, and on Sunday, 0 ,1 11th, was confined. The fright given by, and the ill wishes of the plaintiff (a Mr. Alarming) had grea i t effect upon her health, and on Monday last she dieui Witness attributed her death to natural c auses, 14 ,. accelerated by the fright. A surgeon also said thro her death was natural.—Verdict, '' Natural death.ll. T . HE Punrac HEALTH.—We have made W i rth ' a t quiries of the vendors of meat pies, and we finli„„" to the public appetite rose last week 306-1012-4"er. 999, being 0002.90009 and a fraction above the air , 0 age of the last fortnight. If we are allowed to ta eri a from appetite our data for health, it gives n 9 s a v ou r satisfactory amount of salubrity during the P" ie ra n calculation extends over. The public taste ha h i 3 strongly in favour of the kidney puddings, wh•:ssclti,g to be attributed to the foolish prejudice el l i f . against tariff pork and mutton, which the kid e n e ° 1 ;1, terests have endeavoured to fan with CO energy.—Punch. th i n g The following extraordinary circumstance 1 e r 's e lated by the Gazette des Tribunaux :—" nun —nor summer General S. lived at a country trouser f a mily Fontainebleau, but returned to Paris with his ' 3 O s two months ago, leaving a part of the furniture s',. ; A , quantity of wine in the cellar under the c harge l u .oo , old military servant. Two days ago sume„„P e c oini were sent down to bring up what was left. ' in .,' an to the house it was all fastened up, and ll° -- e a cco unt swered to the calls for admittance. As PO in svao could be obtained of the old soldier, a wtr ot ioull forced. The first object seen on entering evide ntlyl''''. was the dead body of the servant, who had ,go shot himself in the head. Not an article of th e `. 0 perty left in his care is missing, and no eoni ectil i fl; to the cause of his self-murder can yet be fornleaa'ol,3 SINGULAR ACCIDENT.—A labouring Ill_a ri i ll m . of John H Hacker, in the employ of Mr. li s Y - dyer! Hempstead, near Gloucester, a few day s a g°' tree? nearly beheaded himself. He was 100i, n g he ivs- 4 and was standing upon one branch, whil e ;„ the I c e u l t v : e i r n cutting away posit i°.* let brokeone poor fellow the go -is axe and came tumbling to the gr'lle,l k of weapon following him, and falling u pon th e b ` c „ of his neck, inflicting what at first had tile appearanurnea a very dangerous wound, but which hal)PilYht„„ded• out to be less serious than %%RS at first *Pr e— / 6 11 ' The sufferer is now out of all r id° zette. hin t hese A sun d a nger.-- . 13 fish of extraordinary size has skilled aboo few days been exhibited at Ostend. It was ja i d thre e a quarter of a league off Nieuport, and susi- - T e h e sUll gun-shots before it died. It weighed 3 3 °,P . h 00 1° fish is short and round, but very thick. - 1 -' -e In 001 4 comparatively small, furnished with ntune rou , !_ ;asy , but remarkably sharp teeth, strongly set in tor s .' o ll The eyes are also very small. There are t W° ‘ ' v i i iCh fins on the front, and two larger near the tail, form a semi-circular fin. oui the t be A HAT TRANSMITTED BY POST !"--Alli °ll g trove' transmissions by post, since the Pass ieg dwarP new Act, that of a hat may appear most extrao r r bat, We yesterday saw a superfine large-sized heti v , e bu t a' which had been delivered by the letter c arrier% 6te r• , few minutes before, to this town from 3lan Ar e o " r e th erli The postage amounted to only threepence.- - Whig. 1) g li ' The .Leicester Herald (an ultra-Tory Pu rl° . tet o discontinued on Saturday, after being in eIP fifteen years.—Nottingham Review. a he 3 sparrow's nest, with two eggs in it, As a proof of the mildness of the season , -. in ti : orchard of Mr. E. — of Castle Doningte Burton, A , Nottingham R • emew. .., e9j sv THE :._NEW TARIFF...-. Great competiuon ~,ore t hey b¢ s among the innkeepers of Marlborough ; therefore taken into consideration the low p r o c ote was tak en 0 .-' horse provender and provisions and have made i , tilt' siderable reduction in the charges' 14' yellers. 1 4 . NATURAL CURIOSITY.—In the garden of tro f Day, Esq., of Kegworth, is a splendid beof blossom t,°, berries in every stage of growth from the e to corninerci°' fine fruit A capital dessert of this delicio;e'viefew may be gathered at Christmas.—Nottinghar n ro ico a THE PARE.—As we predicted on the t)c -- no ti , „ the extensive inclosure a few Month s bank, 3 talc '; portion of our celebrated Park is about 1)61:4 00 0 ' from the public. The Duke's agent is nosy jo (fr el l ' the whole of the west side of the Bowling-re tha towards Lenton, inclusive of the " It°e k tit °leS ts? " most interesting part of the Park I 0 ., Review. rt . , bbl ea; INFALLIBLE CURE FOR COLDS.---IWO ..-- 9.5 0 1 JV ; ful of Dantzic black beer, taken with hot wat er ',bi o) ; and about half a glass of old rum, or mal t ` l ,:re t l i, immediately before going to bed, is said ba y 5 0 " # most obstinate and long-standing cc*. n nd - i ceeded where every other remedy Weal • THE BISULPHURET OF CARBON DR. TURNBULL'S DISCOVERIES. We have frequently had the pleasure of re cording the almost marvellous success which has attended Dr. Turnbull's application of the vapour of hydrocyanic, or prussic acid, as a remedial agent in cases of blindness and deafness. Since that period the Doctor has directed his attention to the investigation of the therapeutic properties of other gaseous bodies, and the results of his re . -; searches have been communicated to the public through the medium of the Lancet and the Me dical Gazette, in the following letter to the Editors of those periodicals : Sir,—ln October, 1841, I gave an account of the action of the vapour of hydrocyanic acid upon diseases of the eye. Since that period I have been engaged in investigating the action of various other bodies on the same organ, and under the same form. One reason why I did not rest satisfied with the great effects produced by the hydrocyanic acid was, that its action, like that of all other medicines, de creased in power by continued application, thereby rendering it necessary to have occasional recourse to other medicines, in order to insure a more speedy re covery. Another reason was, the reluctance of many individuals to submit the eye to the action of so po tent a medicine. The first medicines to which I shall refer, and which I have employed with some success, are the chiorocyanic acid and sulphuretted chyazic acid. The plan I pursue is that of putting a drachm of one of the medicines into a bottle (containing a small piece of sponge) of about two-ounce size, having a mouth precisely fitted to the eye, and with a ground-glass stopper. The action of these medicines is very different from that of the hydrocyanic acid, in as far as they both stimulate the eye, and produce much greater warmth and irritation, with less dilatation of the pupil. Few, however, can bear the chiorocyanic acid to be applied longer to the eye than half a minute, though, in a minut eiinne e eihai a n ft e e o r n i s t e s q a u p e p n l c i e cation, all irritation is removed, and the eye feels perfectly at ease. The next medicine which I have employed in the form of vapour was the chloruret of iodine. This medicine produces very little warmth or uneasiness to the eye, if continued for the space of two minutes or upwards ; but a sensation of irritation, accompanied with a flow of tears, takes place on its removal. It contracts the pupil, and in no case have I seen it dilate it. Its vapour rises very readily, and does not leave b li e sea y s -e e l s lo o w f th d ooef i t s .i eat carbon,yg to the e a b eye, N, Ne, colouring on the skin pro duced by the vapour of iodine, when uncombined, which is a great drawback in the use of iodine in l tu a iro s he t natn m a e f d o i r ci a ne fe w w hich I have . employed is the when is the so volatile, bottle is that held the iD f i bbaapo o isN:l3 , lSUni , :lli o f tears which itofocte seco nds, is as much as can he s i i n on te s nse o pr w ic in k g lin t g o t h h e i a s t f a a t e i t d , I generally use it by causing the patient to shut the eyelid during its application, which can then he con tinned for a minute or two with the same beneficial effect upon the eye, and without inconvenience to the patient. It generally contracts the pupil, and very seldom dilates it. I used to employ iod ine by putting it into the same bottles, and immersing it in hot water, and in it. , state of vapour applying it to the eye ; but I now find it answers much better when dissolved in the bisulphuret of carbon. It is my intention, shortly, to give a full account of the action of these medicines upon the various forms of disease to which the eye is subject, and also what particular disease each medicine is best calculated to remove. At the same time I shall state such instances of failure as have occurred in my experience, in order that a just estimate may be formed of the value and importance of each medicine. It may not be out of place here to state, that I have employed, with great success, the bisulphuret of car bon to enlarged indurated lymphatic glands. In the first instance, I rubbed equal quantities of the bisulphuret of _ carbon and alcohol upon the parts affected, but without any effect upon the glands. But as its effects were so great when its vapour was confined to the eye, I was led to apply it in the form of vapour, and by means of glass bottles similar to those I have described. By these means,l excluded the action of the medicine from the external air, and thereby prevented its speedy evaporation. When it had been applied about one minute, the patient felt the part very cold, kut immediately after a gradual heat, accompanied with great prickling—the heat increasing the longer the medicine was kept in contact with the part, until it could no longer be endured. On removing the glass, the part was red to an extent two or three times greater than the part enclosed. In a few days the change in the size of the glands was very great ; and by its daily repetition, a complete and speedy removal of the disease was effected. I also find that its action neon disposed elands is more decided if the surface of the skin is well woistencO. previous to the _ . application of the bottle to. the . The water, hi fart.; not only prevents the esenpe. of the vapour het een the glass and the skin, but. assists the imbibition or th - 3 'Oarbon ; a point of the highest importance, inasinnoh all its action on the part de pends upon the exclusion of the atmosphere from the vapour. I may here observe, that these applications occasion no injury whatever to the skin. I have also found the bisulphuret of carbon and the chlorocyanic acid valuable medicines in the removal of deafness, depending upon a want of nervous energy and deficiency of wax. The mode of its application is substantially the same as that which I employ in diseases of the eye, with this difference only, that the bottle is formed with a small neck and stopper adapted to the size of the orifice of the ear, and held close to the organ until a considerable degree of warmth is produced. The action of these medicines, which contain so large a share of carbon, arises from the carbon in the vapour permeating the cuticle, and coming in contact with the oxygen in the vessels, which is conveyed through every part of the frame by inspiration and otherwise, and thereby forming carbonic acid gas, which evolves heat in the ratio of the quantity con- sumed by the oxygen. The following quotations from Professor Liehig, in his work on " Organic Chemistry," sufficiently prove the correctness of this position :—" It is only in those parts of the body to which arterial blood, and, with it, the oxygen absorbed in respiration, is conveyed, that heat is produced. Hair, wool, or feathers, do not possess an elevated temperature. This high temperature of the animal body, or, as it may he called, disengagement of heat, is uniformly, and under all circumstances, the result of the combination of a combustible substance with oxygen.[ n whatever way carbon may combine with oxygen, the act of combi nation cannot take place without ; ne disengagement of heat. We can no longer doubt that gases of every kind, whether soluble or insoluble in water, possess the property of permeating animal tissues, as water permeates unsized paper.' Does not the action of medicines , containing so large a proportion of =bon, which can be brought into contact with the Whole external surface of the body, and thereby capable of being easily disengaged, suggest a method of relieving pulmonary disease likely to be attended with no ordinary success, by calling into greater activity the action of the skin, and thereby materially lightening the labour of the lungs ? Are we not the more encouraged to expect such remedial influence in diseases of the lungs, from the fact of its great power in removing indurated glands, which are so common accompaniments of consumption ? There can be no doubt of the usefulness of bisulphuret of carbon in skin diseases. I have submitted these observations under the con viction that they embody principles which may be carried out, and made of great utility to mankind. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, A. TURNBULL, M.D. 48, Russell-square, Oct. 20, 1842. A brief notice of this letter appeared in the Literary Gazette of the sth Nov., and in the week following the following letter from Dr. Turnbull appeared in that periodical, still further explaining the views of the Doctor on the subject : REMARKS ON TILE ACTION OF CARBON, &C. (To the Editor of the Literary Gazette.) 48, Russell-square, Nov. 8, 1842. Sir,—l beg leave to tender my sincerest thanks for your kind notice in the last Gazette of my recent discoveries on the treatment of diseases of the eye, &c. Allow me to intrudefor onee in your crowded columns by referring to what you accidentally omitted, 'viz., my manner of applying the bisulphuret of carbon, and also to add a few reasons illustrative of the fact which you have quoted from me, that its action depends on its union with the oxygen. The plan I adopt is this :—I put a drachm of the bi sulphuret of carbon into a two-ounce bottle ; the medicine is so volatile that the heat of the hand causes the vapour rapidly to rise, and come into con tact with the skin. The action is more decided if the skin is previously moistened with water, as the water not only prevents the escape of the vapour between the glass and the skin, but also excludes th e ex t ernal air, a point of the very highest importance. In my paper, which appeared in the Lancet, of October 29th, I 'stated, that " when it had been applied about one mi nute, the patient felt the part very cold, but immedi ately after a gradual heat, accompanied with great pric'kling, the heat increasing the longer the medicine was kept in contact with the part, until it could no longer be endured. On removing the glass the part was red, to an extent two or three times greater than the part enclosed. These app lications occasi on no injury whate ver t o the skin. Showing that the action of the bisulphuret of carbon depends on its union with the oxygen in the blood-vessels, I will merely state the following experiments : Carbonic acid gas was applied in a similar bottle, and in the sam e way, to the skin, the ex ternal air being excluded, and the skin moistened with water, for the space of te n minutes; but neither red nessnorrety se heat was the c onsequence o f oxida tion aS induced; for this satis factoryon, with the carbon, which oxidation, in the case of carbonic acid gas, had of course been previously effected. Alcohol, sulphuric ether, nitric ether, and many other ethers — all of which contain a large por tion of carbon—were similarly tried, but had no effect ; for the same reason, viz., that it is already in a state of union with oxygen in all these highly car- , bonised bodies. I remain, Sir, your obedient servant, • A. FURNBULL, &c. So deeply are we convinced of the importance of these discoveries, that we have felt it our duty to give these communications of Dr. Turnbull entire. It is a great thing to have discovered a remedy capable of restoring the sight or the hearing in cases which have hitherto been consi dered as incapable of relief; but neither the sight nor the hearing are essential to the conti nuance of' life : not so the proper performance of the functions of the lungs and the other blood vitalizing organs. Now without entering upon the discussion of the vexatce questiones as to the manner in which the lungs and the skin prepare the blood for the proper perforMance of its func tions in the animal economy—without taking part either with Liebig and the supporters of ate new chemical theory on the one hand, or with the disciples of the more ancient- school of physiology on the other, we may assume that both the lungs and the skin are employed in fitting the blood for its office in the animal economy, by eliminating for it a something, the ultimate product of which is carbonic acid gas; that if the skin flails in performing its portion of the work, an improper share of the labour is thrown upon the lungs, either by furnishing them with a fluid in an improper state for them to act oh it completely, or by calling upon them to do more than their fair proportion in the work of vitalizing fluid furnished to them in a proper state; and that, admitting the skin to perform its air proportion of the work, yet if the lungs are too weak to perform their fair proportion, they may be greatly relieved by throwing an additional proportion of labour on the skin, which will not be materially injured by taking for a time a larger proportion of the labour on itself. These things being ad mitted, it follows as a consequence, that in asthma, consumption, and all diseases of the lungs, our curative e ff orts should be directed to the throwing . upon the skin a portion of the work of the lungs. This has been the theory of me dical treatment in diseases of the lungs time out of mind. This is, in fact, the theory of the cure by blood-letting, and of the cure by counter-irritation; but unfortunately, while by blood-letting the labour of the lungs is dimi nished, the vital powers are diminished also; and by the applications of all the usual counter-irri tants, while one portion of the skin is excited to increased action, another portion is so completely disorganized as to be rendered incapable of action altogether. The great desideratum has been to discover a counter-irritant which, while it should excite the cu taneous surface to increased action, should occasion no injury whatever to the skin ; and, according to Dr. Turnbull, we have the remedy in the bisulphurate of carbon. We therefore strongly u rge on D r . Tu rnbull the necessity of continuing lib:. researches as to the therapeutic properties of the bisulphurate of carbon, more particularly as a remedy for diseases of the lungs. In considering,the action of the skin in relation to the internal organs, he is proceeding in the righ t path. Sir Charles Bell, in his ad mirable work on the « Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Body," has well observed — Some practitioners take the stomach, and others the bowels, and others the liver, on which they harp con tinually, Let any one take the skin as his object of care, and his practice will have equal success, his cases and facts become soon as numerous, while his connexion with general science will be more intimate; and if he introduce his system by showing that health is en j oye d w hen the various functions which together form the animal economy are perfect, and that one function cannot be in health without the whole be also, he will, in my opinion, have better claims to public favour than any who have yet flourished in it by promulgating doctrines in regard to the functions and diseases of individual parts. THE INCOME-TAx.—Every day . brings with it fresh indications of the univers al dissatisfaction this oppressive, and, (according to Sir Robert Peel's own previous arguments) now unnecessary impost is c reating. These are not the complainings of one par ticular party, or persons engaged in some peculiar departmentslof commerce, but they are dee Cou ra nt. nature and fteneral in their extent.—Yoric n ~. ~ .~►