The Sun. — London, England, 1842-01-24 00:00:00

VENIN G SUN Ce ) ~riY)~ morning Satur Moors. rich had of I ‘ ll.- P lication part 0 f ni to b. se oce.ti. ,Y.) part of junction for the of flour•. ;t. ions, all tit•) lerstooil ice Will Judg e of uent v ho 14 ' Lin Per he Gil r hRd ed ;chic. .g}1111111" tioto 1 ,00 Lib 1T•) wee" iel,:e ,s dax 9 ' Liteb "SERVAN CE F THE SABBATH. Ctat provoketh me to anger—which say. 41 ) 11 by thyNelf, come not near me ; for I any liot han thou. The se are a smoke in my louse, a fire that utirueth all the day."—lBAlAss, chap. 65, verses 3, 5. These - words were applied to a sect among the Jews, who,' though the greatest of sin ners, proclaimed themselves the only " sanc tified ones" of the earth. But the de scription is not confined to that " stiff necked and rebellious people," for a similar sect h as been the bane Of almost every religious ecantnitnity since the days of the prophets, and in n°e ountry has it manif e sted itsel lin more unseem- Y n a nd r e p u l s i ve f orms t h an among t h e re li g i ous , 'oral, and intelligent people of Scotland. At present the sect has gained a greater ascendancy 4 " become more intolerable than, perhaps, at It nY former period. Certain ministers in the licit!' exhibit all its worst qualities in perfection. lie Y will admit no merit, no practical religion, au:knowledge of Divine truth in those who . hap- Pen c onscientiously to differ. from them. Con .l.karY, to the express commands of our Saviour t in' make lon g prayers, they shut up the they fast, they disfigure their faces that th ey ma y a ppear u n to m e n to fast ; but Punish w i t h unrelenting cruelty; w h en con tradicted, they revile and disdain to reason ; they Per vert Script ure f or th e i r own se lfish purposes ; slid when their hypocrisy and unchristian spirit : re exposed to public scorn, they rage and .tortn, like the thief who i swears he is an honest 114 ,, 11 * We have been led to these reflections by k ru sing what is called a reply to an article from o 'Sun of Wednesday, 24th November, 1841, he " Observance of the Sabbath." The a 7 . ',`er has not th oug ht p ro p er to g ive his name, 41 114 merely subscribes to the effusion the gene sonePithet " Fellow Citizen." But he cannot ceal the fact that he belongs to the race we stron g l y o o : at e just d escr ib ed. T he tra i ts o f c h aracter are marked to be mistaken, and we have n. ne sitation in asserting that he is one of the k inis ters of Glasgow--a Rev. Non-Intrusionist tha Sa bbath worshipper—pa Pharisee. Not aware itt he bel ongs to t hi s sec t, h e th us g raphically se e eseri , he s them :—cc In nothing had the Phari t, more completely obscured the law of God, 4 ° in th e matter o f t h e S a bb at h. The side on 1, 0 44 they erred was a superstitious adherence externals of their own invention, while they ;Yoere destitute of the devotional spirit." In order s how the i nca l cu l a bl e injury these modern Pharisees are inflicting on pure Christianity, we wrote lecture for them two months ago, which, Fro m_ its strict adh erence t o truth and Scriptural 41411 01'4y, ha s excited dire indignation. The Ca o ge at fi rst appears to have been such, that they uld not wr i te or speak on t h e su bj ect w i t h com e" de cency. At the end of fifty days, how there was. a show of returning reason, At ' j ell, even a f ter t hi s l apse o f t i me , i s su ffi c i en tly t:iiesturbed.. The condition of the patient during l . Paroxysm may be i mag i ne d f rom th e follow 11`4 e pithets and paragraphs with which the Rev. Ge ntleman, a d orns hi s pro d uct i on :—" Th e sneer I n ' a n Editor"_" libeller." " Nobody in Scotland ° uld have w r i t t en such nonsense, and I wonder h v o w, after it was written in the smoke of London, a ny Scotsman was foolish enough to reprint it." \ 471 1 y then answer it?) " Miserable sophistry" .4775. h" wolf i n s h ee p' s c l ot hi ng ." Th ese d enote t h e u tld rage of this minister of.peate, who has lec tured his congregation no doubt on the sinfulness °f passion, and taken for his text, " Blessed are the meek ;. for they shall inherit the earth." We t ake for our text, " Blessed are the merciful," slid in no instance, perhaps, was mercy more required, for the senses of the writer appear still bewildered. " Our Sabbath," says he, " is the 'eventh day." We have been taught by our Church, and the Kirk teaches the same, that the Christ:an Sabbath is the first day of the week. this clergyman a Jew in disguise ? Leaving hl4l, however, to settle these matters with his fellow- citizens, we come to the main points set forth in the previous article in The Sun --IverulelY, that the " chosen people " alone enjoi n th at ed to obey the Jewish Sabbath; ns es, at the conclusion of the fourth b e T au chnent, gave reasons why it should iisl, ea , er ved ; that the Jewish Sabbath is abo tbar °Y the co nsen t o f all Christians ; and oft n either our Saviour nor the Apostles, in the ti,tn ero us commands which they left to Chris fens, ordered t h em to o b serve t h e fi rs t day as a o iBll Sabbath. We made these assertions on the ' °f all authorities—the Bible, but " this man," -O l e his o wn courteous phrase , d en i es th e Bible. At tilt.' Will not believe in Moses and the Prophets. til t.' conclusion of the fourth commandment, s And rememb er Alose s a dd e d t h ese rema rk a bl e wo rds : remember th a t thou wast a servant in the la nd L s : o f Pgypt, and that the Lord thy. God and b ti ght th e e ou t thence through a mighty hand, Y an stretched out arm; thereforerthe Lord tl";‘ 4- °( 1 Commanded thee - to heep the Sabbath th; ." This Christian minister, In reply to ith a - t q n °tafion, says.--" the man was stating eon; i was not tr ue , and he hoped 'to eo/ 11 ,,, -a ' it. Every one knows that when the ss as - tandment s were promulgated, nothing ealb. l , l , dd ed to the fourth," thus in direct terms IVIC,6CS a liar. In the 15 th verse of the for c hapter. of Deuteronomy, the precise t at " are found, and in the 22d verse, imme gieblY follosvi ng the enumeration, Moses adds, kis " iyi e i, s e words the Lord spake unto all your the - fir uI Y in the Mount, out of the midst of aces, of the cloud, and of the thick dark s ' with a great voice; and he added tdi t. 4l ,, n re.'' This is the way " to unmask an 4rti e 7 l '''! But it is of a piece with the whole tleA s -e • The wr it er se t s Scripture and truth at tit le t e ' Whenever it suits his purpose. Refer sattn certain verses in the 24th chapter of the Plo v - „:"k he says, " the same motive is em not",,' to enforce other commandments," while th e ne e of the ten is mentioned or referred to in si t , W , h ole chapter, the subject of discussion being 1 . 4411 % 1 3: the sinfulness of " taking the widow's int eir ,, lt to Pledge." The New Testament he tills• se ils v, r ets in the same unbelieving spirit. We as s that our Saviour made no allusion to the tb e rth, when he enumerated at different times ite s e° nlmandments, and we defied the Agnew le t° refute us. The writer accepts the dial nge, arid stakes all on the issue." How does tb e,, ' ar rYeut the challenge ? Not by giving us k b ': a uthority of Scripture, but by a quibbling tl d , n of special pleading, proving incontestably at e could not refute us. We refer the reader h ri th at part of the argument, and leave, him to ca me for himself, simply giving one spe sbaie,n' In the general command " Thou he love thy neighbour as 'thyself," th e n a YS there i s no a ll us i on t o the eighth, nei e t by inferri ng th a t a man ma y love his A rl rbour as hi mse lf w hil e h e p i c k s his pocket. 4,„ 11 , 0 w does he reply to the assertion that the ',",sties have left us no di v i ne a uthority for the first 'day of the week as a tic:isa Sabbath ?" With the simple asser ss4l' " Pew will venture to deny the change yeti Inade by th e A post l es ." N ow , we h ave ciatilred to deny it, for various reasons, th e ' tice d in the previous article. Not one of s i a il l , except St. Paul, has even mentioned the !'s and th at Apostle, as the writer knows well, b o . s ac hed mo re f requent l y on t h e J ew i s h Sah te.:-.11 t han on the fi rst d ay o f t h e Week. Will he ev ' e a te this, or w i ll he deny that the most s i gnal nt ' save one, recorded in the New Testament, ttn_.!nAll th e A postles were assembled in one place, Preach e d t h e G ospel to the Parthians, Me d es. 44°1 w ' h the dwellers in Mesopotamia, took place was , e n the Day of P en t ecost ( a J ew i s h f es tival) 46 Come ?" Having thus shown how little the man " knows about tile Scriptures, we in conclusion, briefly advert to his ir r ance of f acts w hi c h are constantly ta ki ng of in his own country. " No member th the Church," h e asserts, " says or thinks b _ at the or di nances of the Church should e nforced by pai ns an d penalt i es. " Wh at ! ha ve the General Assembly inflicted no pains an d Penalties in carrying into effect their ordi gneS called the " Veto ?" Is it no penalty to deprive seven ministers of their livings, and leave them and their children to starve; which these rcii;4ious il,lnisitors would have accomplibc - q1 but for the strong arm of the law ? Is it no pe nalty to deprive a respectable man of Church pri vileges becau3e he buries his child on a Sunday ? Is it no. penalty to send a man to gaol for sel ling sweetmeats to children on Sunday, which he knows was done in Edinburgh at the " ear nest request" of a Minister of the Gospel? Why does he assert that the people and not the Church cry out for this strict observance of the Sabbath ? Is he aware that all the members of the Town Council (ex cept one) expressed the strongest disapprobation of the measure—that a numerous meeting was held in the same city last year to denounce the ministers of the West Church for inflicting pains and penalties to, enforce their ordi nances, and that the Presbytery of Arbroath were hooted by many parishioners . for abetting the tyrannical conduct /of the Minister of Barry? But we have done with " the man," who, though a teacher in Israel, knoweth not these things, and earnestly entreat the people of Scotland not to be guided by such blind leaders. They de serve every praise for the decorous and orderly manner in which they spontaneously observe the Sabbath. Let them still continue to observe it in their own way, and not yield to the selfish designs of men who are moving heaven and earth to bring them under the most galling bon dage that ever afflicted any nation. The following is the article referred to : OBSERVANCE OF THE SABBATH, IN REPLY TO AN ARTICLE FROM " THE SUN" OF WEDNESDAY, NOV. 24, 1841. Fellow Citizens,—You have probably seen an article advocating the running of Sabbath trains on the Edin• burgh and Glasgow Railway, which has been reprinted from a London newspaper, and extensively circulated in Glasgow. On this subject, I know, you will judge for yourselves. My opinion will not make you keep the Sabbath, and the sneer of an Editor will not make you break it. You must have a reason of your own. As one of yourselves and living among you, I beg to say a few words in reply to this stranger, who has so confidently prescribed his own rule of duty to you. This adviser begins in a very suspicious tone.' Ho calls Scotland a " priest-ridden country." It is clear that the libeller has never been in the North. He does not know us. Although priests were willing to ride, the Scottish people will not be ridden. The steed has cast many a would-be rider before ; and an English Editor need not try to bestride him now. The epithet, as ap plied to our country, is alike false and insulting. After introducing himself in this way, the writer cunningly labours to represent the opposition to Sabbath travelling as the work of Church courts. You know this is not true. You know, though this volunteer adviser is blind to it, the Standing and character and numbers of the friends of the Sabbath in this country. Divided as we unhappily are on other subjects, we are cordially at one on this. Rich and poor, lay and clerical, churchmen and dissenters, all who fear God in the land are united. The document avers that the doctrine regarding the Sbbath now pressed by the Church has been " adopted within these few years." Nobody in Scotland would have written swill nonsense ; and I wonder how, after it was written in the smoke of London, any Scotsman was foolish enough to reprint it. Every one in this country knows that the views of our - fathers were more strict than our own. " The Sabbath is to be sanctified by a holy resting all that day." Does the Editor of ?'he Sun know from what book that sentence is taken ? And does he think it has been composed " within these few years ?" It is further said, that the Church mem bers hold it to be " the duty of the Legislature and the Executive to carry their ordinances into effect by pains and penalties." Whose ordinances ? Those of the Legis lature, or those of the Church? All depends on this. Of course, every sensible man holds it to be the duty of the Legi s lature and Executive to carry their own ordi nances into effect. The law of the land must be enforced. But no member of the Church of Scotland says or thinks, that the ordinances of tha Church should. be enforced by pains and penalties. We were freed from that at the Reformation, and we repudiate it as heartily as The Sun. Next, we are treated to a commc nt on Scripture, for the benefit of the poor priest-ridden Scots, who cannot think for themselves. The Sabbath, it is said, was binding on the Jews only—instituted to commemorate an event which had reference to them only, namely, their deliverance from Egyptian bondage. Of course we, in this country, have been in the habit of taking the reason of the law as it is embodied in the law itself—" Remem ber the Sabbath:day, to keep it holy, fur in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it." But in this document we find it averred, that it was instituted on another ground, and Scripture is quoted in proof of the averment. It is said, " When Moses descended from Mount Horeb, he called all Israel and said, Hear, 0 Israel, the statutes and judgments which I speak in your ears this day. The Lord our God made a covenant with us in Horeb.' He then promulgated the Ten Com mandments, and at the conclusion of the fourth, added these remarkable words—' And remember that thou wast a stranger in the land of Egypt, and that the Lord thy God brought thee out thence, through a mighty hand and by a stretched out arm; therefore the Lord thy God commanded thee to keep the Sabbath day'." It is evident the writer had the Bible before him, for the words are exactly quoted ; and why did he not refer to the chapter and verse? The man was stating what was not true, and hoped to conceal it. Every one knows that when the law was " promulgated," nothing was added to the fourth, nor to any of the commandments. We are therefore not a little surprised to learn that when Moses came down from Mount Horeb he promulgated the Ten Command ments, and added a remarkable declaration to the fourth. Let the reader turn to the fifth chapter of Deuteronomy, and he will be able to unmask the Editor for himself. You will there find Moses, about forty years after the law was given, assembling the people—repeating to them the precepts of the law, and accompanying them with his own comments. Their deliverance from Egypt is urged on Israel, as a special reason why they should keep the Sabbath. The same motive is employed to enforce other commandments. Thus, Deuteronomy xxiv, 17, 18. " Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the stranger, nor of the fatherless, nor take a widow's raiment to pledge : But thou shalt remember that thou west a bond-man in Egypt, and the Lord thy God redeemed thee thence : therefore I command thee to do this thing." Justice to the stranger and the fatherless is enjoined on Israel by the very same argument which is employed to enforce the ob servance of the Sabbath ; and is justice a Jewish insti tution, and not binding on us? The deliverance from bondage was not the ground on which the Sabbath was instituted, but it was employed as a motive, which laid the Hebrews under peculiar obligations to obey one and all of the laws of God. The next argument is drawn from the example of Christ. It is not necessary to go over all the cases. We know that He was made under the law ; that it became Him to fulfil all righteousness ; that He kept the law, and disregarded only the traditions that men had mingled up with it. In nothing had the Pharisees more completely obscured the law of God than in the matter of the Sab bath. The side on which they erred was a superstitious adherence to externals of their own invention, while they were destitute of the devotional spirit. Against this abuse the example of our Lord was constantly directed. Not one of his actions even seems to countenance the prosecution of common business or amusements on that day. When he found it necessary so very often to check the abuse of Sabbath observance, and yet never annulled the Sabbath law, it is evidence amounting to demonstration that he left it in force. After the example, the teaching of Jesus is adduced for the same purpose. l'he Commandments as given by our Lord on different occasions are summed up—thi. Sabbath is not named among them ; and therefore, it is concluded, the Sabbath law is annulled under the New Testament dispensation. The writer deems this a very strong point ; and waxing heroic as he con templates the power of his own argument, exclaims— "We defy the Agnewites to refute us." I accept the challenge, and with you, my countrymen, for judges, I am willing to stake all on the issue. The writer introduces two cases. The first is as follows : " To a lawyer tempting him he said, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and all thy soul, and all thy mind. This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. On these two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets.' Not a single word about the Sabbath." To this I answer—Neither is there s single word here about worshipping images or stealing. It is obvious that none of the commandments are speci fied here. It does as much to annul the second and eighth as the fourth. But this is mere trifling. Every child here knows that the thing given is the sum of the law—love to God comprehending the first four, and lore to man the last six commandments of the deca logue. The next case is quoted from Matthew :ix. 16-21. It is an enumeration of the duties compre hended under the second table of the law. In this case there is another flourish. " Here the commandments which Christ said were binding are all enumerated, but not the slightest allusion is made to the fourth." I answer--Neither is there the slightest allusion made to the first, second, or third. If this passage repeals the fourth, it repeals also the first three. The argument is —The Fourth Commandment is not mentioned in this enumeration, and therefore it is not binding under the Christian dispensation. If the argument is good, go on with it ; thus—The Second Commandment is not men tioned in this enumeration, therefore it is not binding under the Christian dispensation : that is, it is not sin ful now to worship the work of our own hands. To any reader of his Bible the whole matter is very simple. The esomeration is intended to include only our duty to men. Duty to God is not spoken of at that place at all. This is our refutation of the miserable sophistry _that has been palmed upon the public with such an air of confidence. We defy Tie Sun to refute us. The next subject is the change of the day • and the practice of the apostles is adduced, to show that if any Sabbath is to be kept, it should be the Jewish Sabbath. Now, passing over the expressions in the Epistles, which, like those of our Lord, aimed at prevailing abuses of Sab bath observance, have been represented as forbidding it a ltogether ; and passing also the abundant evidence that the Apostles and their successors—all who have borne the Christian name in every age and nation—set apart the first day of the week for their assemblies and solemn • Exodus, xx. communions, I beg to observe that the opponents of the Sabbath always magnify the change far above its own importance. Few. will venture to deny that the change was made by the Apostks ; and they had good rea sons for making it. But it is in its own nature a much less important thing than it is generally aecoented. Our Sabbath is the seventh day. The essence of the thing is the consecration of the seventh day as it comes round. The time when you begin to count is a circum stance of comparatively small import. The absolute portion of time on which the consecration is made can not be of the essence of, the Sabbath. If it were so, it could not possibly be observed. Suppose we are right —that we keep it at the exact point of time in which it should be kept—then of necessity the inhabitants of New Zealand are wrong, seeing their day occurs at another point of time. The Sabbath was made for man ; but if the portion of time had been fixed absolutely on which the Sabbath must be kept, it would have applied only to some men, seeing it is day in one country while it is night in another. Most clear it is that the essence of it lies in the seventh day proportionally. This is fixed and universal ; but the point in time at which the consecration is made has varied, for special reasons, in the Jewish and Christian dispensations, and in the nature of things must be different on different portions of the earth's surface. . The last argument is about the infliction of punish ment. Tho substance of it is—lf you take the law from Moses, you must punish the Sabbath-breaker with death ; and Christ's oxample was always merciful. There is a very short answer to this. It is the moral law given to Moses in the Ten Commandments that we hold to be binding on Christians. There are no pains and penalties in it. The moral law was applied to Israel in the institutes of Moses, and certain specified penalties attached to each offence. The same moral law is applied to us in Acts of Parliament, with certain specific penal ties attached to each offence. But wo are not bound to adopt the penalties prescribed by Moses, and we have not done it. We say penalties should be inflicted on transgressors, not because they are in the laws of Moses, but because they are in Acts of Parliament. We do not punish the Sabbath-breaker with death, because our own law does not demand it. Neither do we put to death an adulterer, for the same reason. The law is given to men without any other penalty than the displeasure of God. The rulers of every nation are bound 'to apply it according to the time and circumstances in which they live. How often must it be told that we take from the Bible the moral law with out any penalty, and the Legislature of every country takes its own way of enforcing it ? I have only to notice now the conclusion, which con tains the most unjust insinuation of aIL The Sun, for sooth, would make it " a day of joy and gladness, not of gloom and sorrow." Verily, this is the wolf in sheep's clothing. We wish a saLbath-law for protection to the poor as well as the rich. No Christian desires to make it a day of gloom. Let men be invited to enter the House of God with the voice of joy and thanks giving. Lot them be taught to count the Sabbath a de light and with that view let them be allowed to rest from their toil. Most men see clearly that if the Railway trains are allowed to ply on the Sabbath . many other in roads upon its rest will necessarily and immedi ately follow. First one class of labourers and mechanics and then another would be called to their com mon employment on all the days of the week. There could be no additional remuneration ; for already there are too many hands. You lose the rest which is needful alike for body and soul, and get nothing in return. I ad dress myself to all who are employed during the week in the service of others. Would you like to see the Sabbath destroyed ? We seek to shield you from the tyranny of avarice. This miserable lust of wealth would impiously rob God of his due, and cruelly wrest from his creatures their best birthright. Godliness is profitable unto all things. We would keep his Sabbaths, because it is the law of God ; but we know that in keeping them there is great present reward to men. Knowing that the Sabbath is " a delight," and fearing lest that " day of joy and gladness " may soon be made one of gloom to you, I am, with affection and respect, A FELLOW CITIZEN. THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY, JANUARY 24, 1842. LITERATURE. MEMOIRS OF POPULAR DELUSIONS. Vol. 3. Bentley, London, 1842. We noticed the two first volumes of this work some months ago in The Sun, since which time a third volume has made its appearance—the one now before us—containing an account of the pro gress of alchemy during the middle ages, toge ther with short biographical sketches of the chief professors of that exploded quackery; and also some particulars respecting the fortune tellers and the animal magnetisers. The volume is by no means so interesting as its predecessors, for it is far less varied in its matter; still it will possess an attraction for readers of a cynical turn of mind, if only for the numerous glaring absur dities whicli it recounts. The earliest authentic records we have of alchemy are of the date of the eighth century, when it was a favourite pur suit with the more lettered Arabians. Three centuries afterwards, we find it a popular matter of belief among the most civilised nations of Europe, and engrossing the time and attention of the ablest men of the age. One of the most re markable dupes of this pretended science was the notorious Gillis de Laval, Marshal of France, and descended from one of the noblest houses in Brittany. This monster in human form—who, by-the-bye, was the original of the well-known nursery legend of Blue Beard, a fact which Mr. Mackay unaccountably omits—was born about the commencement of the fifteenth century ; and in his twentieth year came into possession of the finest property in all France. This he speedily dissipated in every species of wanton extravagance, and then endeavoured to recruit his finances by the aid of alchemy. Many adepts at this quackery were, in consequence, do miciliated in his f- , stle ' and amused him for months together wiai promises of teaching him the great secret of transmuting the baser metals into gold, and prolonging his life for centuries. But as months elapsed, and their promises seemed as far from being realised as ever, the Marshal turned them away indignantly from his house, and pinned his faith on a wily Italian, who volunteered to raise the Devil, if he would only consent to sell his own soul to him. This the Marshal readily agreed to do; but the Evil One never came to fulfil his share of the contract, and the Italian having by this time sufficiently feathered his nest at his host's expense, set out on a pretended journey in search of the Elixir Vita, from which, it need scarcely be added, he never returned. Another adept was then found, and by him Gilles de Raval was advised—if he wished to renew his youth—to bathe every morn ing in a bath made of children's blood; this the monster actually did, and is supposed to have de stroyed upwards of a hundred of the young sons and daughters of his tenantry, not for the purpose of gratifying his lust—as Mr. Mackay supposes — but for the reason we have just assigned. But the Marshal's career was now drawing to a close; public opinion was loud against him; and despite the reluctance of the local authorities to inter- fere with the practices of a French Nobleman of such high rank, they were compelled to institute inquiries, the result of which was that Gillis de Raval was tried, found guilty, strangled, and af terwards burned. His castle still exists, though in ruins, and such is the horror with which the neighbouring peasantry regard it, that, if possi ble, they will never pass it after nightfal. In Trollope s " Travels in Brittany" there are some curious particulars respecting this monster. Mr. Mackay's sketches of the Fortune-tellers contain little with which the generality of the reading public is not already acquainted. RY. E NG L p A a N rt D l. in H t o h w e a N n l d N i f ar T so E ns E , i L V o T n H don C , I E B4 N 2 T . U We have received the First Part of an English Itinerary, which it is proposed to bring out monthly in half-crown numbers, and in which England, its manufactures, commerce, agricul ture, antiquities, scenery, &c., will be discussed in the same manner, and with the same careful mi nuteness and accuracy that Mrs. Hall has mani fested in her " Ireland." For this purpose—say the Editors in their prospectus—every . county will be described from personal observation; the illustrations will be drawn on the spot; the old halls, battle-fields, and places remarkable in the natural history, will be carefully noted ; and local customs, legends, and singularities remarked; but the antiquary and the chronicler will be fol lowed no further than may be required to explain existing facts, the main object of the work being to depict the present aspect of the country. The Part before us is devoted exclusively to the con sideration of the county of Lancaster; and in it we have copious and particular details respect ing the progress of the cotton manufacturing sys tem in Manchester and the great towns in its vicinity, together with a description of the spin ning jenny, and its celebrated inventor, Ark wright. The Part is embellished with a map of the county, a view of the town of Lancaster, and several minor engravings. BOOK OF AMUSEMENTS. Strange,London,lB42. A homely and unpretending work, in which we find all the necessary rules and instructions for playing games of skill and chance, amongst others,cards,cliess, billiards, cricket, and archery. A NEW ENGLISH GRAMMAR. Simphin and Marshall, London, 1842. This compilation is a useful and judicious one, containing, among other requisites, a systematic view of the formation and derivation of words, which comprises Anglo-Saxon, Latin, a n d G re ek lists, by which is explained the e ty mo l og y of above lis seven thou-sand English words. We boar that Mr. Denison. the Member for West Serrey, is seriously indisposed at his seat, the Denbies. The Dowager Marchioness Conyughani has been sent for express in consequence, PUSEYISM.— Theinhabitants of Ryde, Isle of Wight, have addressed a strong memorial to the Arch , - bishop of Canterbury against the pernicious doctrines of this hypocritical sect in the Church. FRANCE. CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES. SPEECH OF M. THIERS ON THE ADDRESS. M. 'Tiers addressed the Chamber. He began by say ing that, as the Eastern Question had been argued so fully, he would confine himself to general . remarks, and would, above all, avoid recrimination and personal al lusions. He then said, I will commence by reminding the Chamber that what I said on this subject has been completely verified. I said that the Cabinet was about to return to the European compact, under the induce ment of an act of slight importance, viz., the closing of the straits. I said this on the 13th of April, and on the 4th of March the initials of the Government to the draft of the Convention were affixed. I was perfectly correct, therefore, both in the fact itself, and in the details. It has been said; in the course of the present discussion, that the solution which has been come to—a solution which some think bad, others a little less bad, but which no body considers to be absolutely good—is due to the friendly disposition of the German Powers. Whether this assertion be strictly correct or not, I will assume it to be so. I will allow that the German Powers were desirous that France should again become a party to the European compact, and I will crave permis sion to remark on the useful information which this fact conveys. I will, gentlemen, on. this point, speak with perfect candour, for it is my duty to be frank on so seri ous a subject ; it is not my intention to give offence to any person, but it is necessary that the truth should be told. There are three Powers always ready to unite, I will not say against us, but against our influence. A fourth Power is sometimes with us - and some- times against us ; but, from the nature of its Govern ment, it ought to be with us more frequently than against us. Amongst the Continental Powers is one, Russia, with which we are at peace, but with which all our friendly relations have ceased, either on account of our . revolution of 1830, or on account of Poland. Russia is opposed to our influence in Europe. As to the. two German Powers, they have attempted to seek for support from Russia against France ; and here it is necessary that I should draw the line of distinction between the people of those countries and their Governments. The people of Germany have a great deal of sympathy for our principles ; but if it be true that our principles have made great progress in Germany, the people also remember our invasions under the Empire. They are, therefore, in some respects kith us, and in others against us. As to the Govern ments of Germany there is not one which does not regard us as an enemy who will soon become very formidable to them. There are two motives for this—motives of territory, and motives of principle. At the present moment nearly all the Governments of Germany are, from the partition of territory made by the treaties of 1815, necessarily against us, for they have, nearly all, possessions beyond the Rhine, and they feel that, sooner or later, France will endeavour to make of the Rhine her frontier. France is in their eyes the type of revolution. When France stirs, there is effervescence in Italy. Thus, in the eyes of the German Governments, you represent a formidable question of territory, and a still more for midable question of principles. All the great Powers of the Continent are, therefore, against you, not because there is any person on the Continent or elsewhere bold enough to assume the initiative ; but there is always the desire, when the opportunity presents itself of doing so without great danger, to weaken and annul your in fluence, in order that other nations may reckon less upon you. As to England, you have the chance of finding her sometimes with you, and sometimes without you. She assisted you in the Belgian question, and even in the Spanish question, because the 'Whigs had contracted en gagements towards Spain. What the Continental Powers have been aiming at was to detach England as rapidly as possible from the cause of France. And do you know what inspired the Continental Governments with confidence on this point? I will tell you. On the Belgian question, you began with grandeur, for it must not be said that since 1830 nothing grand has been done by France, although, when one speaks of one's country, we must not use the word grandeur too com-• placently.—(Disapprobation from the Left.) I repeat, that we did a grand thing in Belgium. Europe, which could not prevent it, retained it, however, in bitter remembrance, and had at heart the taking its revenge, by seeking the first opportunity to annul our influence in Eu rope. The good understanding between France and England, in the affairs of the Peninsula, was an extra ordinary oecurrence,lwhich increased the unfriendly dis position of the other Cabinets of Europe, and at that period the efforts of the German Cabinets were directed to exciting suspicion and jealousy in the French Cabinet of Lord Palmerston, who, it was said, was going too far in Spain. Austria succeeded in separating England against us. Then came the Eastern question. How has it happened that on this question you have had every body against you? Did you say that you were determined alone to bring about the solution of it ? Did you say to Eu rope that it should obey your dictation ?—No. You said, through your diplomatists, that to crush the Pacha of Egypt, was to crush the only Turkish power existing in anything like an organized state; that fresh disasters would arise in the Archipelago, and that Egypt would be given up, not to the Sultan, but to anarchy. This was the language of all the diplomatic documents. Austria acknowledged that France was right in demand ing Egypt and Syria for the Pacha ; Prussia adhered to the same view; Russia had not explained herself tho roughly, but she did not appear to offer any opposition to the proposition. Do you know what I thought of the subject? If only the Pacha had been concerned in the question of Egypt, I should not have been inclined to take it up so seriously as I did; but when I saw that, as regarded the East, all the Powers were leaguing against us, I said to myself that if France, even on a ques tion of influence, should refrain from showing that she was disposed to enforce her influence, that influence would be gravely compromised. Let my opponents say what they will, here lies the whole question. If you do not show, when an attempt is made to annul your influence, that you are ready to incur every sacrifice to make it re spected, you are no longer France—you are no longer a great nation. This was the question with me. I had a profound conviction that if we did not show that we were still la grande France our influence would be lost in Europe, and I predicted that if one day or other, upon one queston or another, we should not resolve to display all our energy, the regime to which lam devoted would have to bear the shame of having come into the world to degrade the country.—(Approbation from the left.) Now where could a case of war arise in Belgium ? The des tiny of that country is fixed by treaties. In Spain, ex citement as to that country is calmed down. The only case for war was in the East, for there was the question of territory, th ere wa s the question of influence, and you oug h t no t t o have al lowed Europe to coalesce against you to settle the question of territory, and annul your influence. Be convinced then that, in abstaining from the course which I declare to have been necessary, you have not removed any danger, you have only rendered it morn formidable. It has been said that the Cabinet of the Ist of March was insulting, and that it gave provocation to the Powers. On this point, however, I can appeal to the Minister of Foreign Affairs himself. From the moment when I and my colleagues came to a decision that it was necessary to assume an attitude of energy, we used only pacific and moderate language towards Europe. I never ut tered the word war on any occasion. But when the Powers saw that without menace, without boastings, we were preparing for war, and that we were re solved coute qui coute to fortify Paris ; when Lord Granville was convinced rather from my silence than from my words that our resolution was serious, and that we would not retract it, the language of England was changed, and the hereditary right which had been refused to the Pacha of Egypt was con ceded to him. Ido not say this for the purpose of showing that the Powers were afraid of France. Every Power is respectable, and ought to be respected ; but they saw that the peace of the world was seriously menaced. There were, therefore, in the English Cabi net, two parties, that of Lord Wellington, which was for pushing things to the utmost possible extremity, and another which accused Lord Palmerston of imprudence for being willing, for such an interest as that of the East, to place the peace of the world in peril, and break off the alliance with France. The latter party pre vailed on account of our demonstrations. Our arma ments were what induced the German Powers to aban don their first determination. It is true that to France the Pacha owes the possession of Egypt, but it was to France resolute, not to France timid, not saying, "We will yield every thing rather than go to war." I am convinced that if a few days more had been allowed to pass by without acceding to an arrangement, the Dacha would have obtained, if not brilliant conditions, yet certainly better conditions than those which have been granted to him. I was perfectly prepared to see the Pacha defeated on the coast, but, although defeated on the coast, be was not lost. He had still 70,000 men between Aleppo and Damascus. His enemies had only the coast, and it was not known what France would do. It was not known whether the Pacha would dive way. Bf. (Inizot came in, that the He was still strong. It was not because. M. Guizot came It was because the Ministry into office that difficulties ceased. It was not because ed upon energy to the end, and not powerful and indepen dent If positiont T h e h Thiers e s r ot sf March things a e r n e t h out huatda resolved changed.owl va s were and satdthat, with the Ministers of the 29th October consented to accept con • p, he could never de fend which had been rejected by their predecessors. M. Thiers here reviewed the present condition of the with such a small those who granted them. M. if he should be attacked; conse quently, said M. Thiers, illusory, all the conditions which bad that if there have been any to kee , u he could be re movedafernmd Yhimselfa s a at t e h we successfully P be a e e n h a g granted a lit'l eiocdul ought h es a bid con cessions, they are due, such as they are , only to our Thiers said, I repeat, momentary display of force and energy. The empire of the East has come out of the hands of its protectors "ppleasure a sallowed ur of more sickly than it was. There is in the Turkish Em pire it gin a state of rand element of disor g anis ation. So long as the Pacha existed power, the Sultan could avail himself of it against the encroachments of the Greek race. The moment will come when the Christian race will rise, and they are only waiting for the opportunity. At Constantinople there are neither finances nor an army There is only a commencement of civilisation, which has to struggle with all the routine and ignorance of true Turks. We have had Turks visit ing France who have a cquired our language, our cus toms, and our civilisation. These Turks are ridiculous in the eyes of true Turks. What, then, are we to ex pect from them ? The Russians know that the question of Constantinople is a terrible one for them. lam sure that so long as the question of Poland shall not be defini tively settled, they will not go to Constantinople ; but Russian diplomatists are resolved to expend their last rouble, their last man, to prevent any Power from going to Constantinople. In three days Russia can send an army to the Crimea, and in 41 1 1 3 . 0 days she can have an army in Constantinople. Russia, then, 13 in the same position as if she had every day an army at the gates of Constantinople. Now, I ask you, it France had e on stantly an army ready at the foot of the Alps, the English fleet before Alex andria, the Austrians an army 001 4atantly ready upon the Po, would Europe remain indifferent ? The closing of the Straits is a mere farce when Russia can, in three days, reach Constantinople. Two months are necessary for a dispatch to France from Constantinople and an answer, but in a week Russia is ready for action. The closing of the Straits protects her from the resistance of more distant Powers. In what does the interest of Russia consist ? In the closing of the Straits. What have you adopted ? The closing of the Straits. You have, there fore, adopted the interests of Russia. What then are your treaties as regards the question of the East ? Nothing. What is something, however, in order to pre vent a great act of us ur p a ti on , i s t h at t h ere i s a na ti o n, France, which, cruelly treated in 1815, so unfortunate indeed at that period, that even misfortune was not re spected, and which having lost a part of her terri tory has not protested against the treaties of 1815. And I also have been of opinion that no protest should be made, for there is something immoral in say ing to the world our territory is too limited, we cannot breathe in it. But if France has thus suffered herself, she will not permit the violation of treaties which were made to fix the limits of the territories of the other Powers of Europe. If an attempt of this kind should be made, 1 will defy any Ministry to say, as is said now, " Peace every where and for ever." I will defy any Mi nistry in France to co-operate in a great act of usurpa tion. When Frederick proposed to the nations which surrounded him to divide Poland, he was asked, " What will France say ?" he replied, "France sleeps." She does not sleep now, however, and when it shall be pro posed to divide Turkey, France will by her arms oppose it to the last extremity, and then Turkey will be better protected than by all the treaties in the world. Yes, gen tlemen, when vie shall be thought strong as we were a few months ago, peace will be better guaranteed than by all your treaties. Yesterday the Minister of Foreign Af fairs said that right was necessary with might. Certainly, for moral right constitutes power, and therefore it is that for 50 years we have been the strongest nation in Europe. Our revolution was legitimate in principle, whatever were its excesses, and the Powers who com bined against it had the right against them. At the present moment, after 25 years of peace, to say to the country that it should rather attend to its materialin terests than to its greatness, is to hold a language which might have been proper in 1812, but which is now much misplaced. On the contrary, we should say to France that she should be great and powerful, and resolved upon any sacrifice in sulaport of her dignity. Yes, this is what should be said to France, and there is more courage in using the language which I hold than that which you (pointing to the Ministerial benches) indulge in. I have now done. I have only obeyed the voice of my conscience. I speak with a profound conviction, and, although it may be disagreeable to many persons to hear it, I will say to my country—Remember your glory, remember your exploits ; do more than remember them —prepare yourselves.—(Applause from the left.) M. Passy ascended the tribune, but there was for some time so much agitation in the Chamber, that he could not be heard. He could not agree with the last speaker in the opinion which he had expressed of the feelings of the other Powers towards France. He was convinced that there was none of the hostility which had been ascribed to them, but he had no hesitation in say ing that, if they should find France anxious to go to war for a slight cause, there would be a general league against her.—(Cries of " Yes, yes.) It was true, said M. Passy, that' France had lost her alliance with England, and he would not deny that this was to be re gretted ; but neither, on the other hand, should it be taken too much to heart. It was an evil, not without a remedy. The remedy was to live in harmony with the other Powers. Prudence should be mingled with firm ness. The real strength of such a policy consisted in rejecting exaggerated pretensions at home and abroad. This was the best way, he said, to secure respect from foreign nations and domestic welfare. tinder any circum stances he would boldly affirm, that the closing of the Straits was a better policy, as regarded Europe gene rally, than the opening of them, which M. Thiers had advocated. By the convention for the closing of the Straits, Turkey was brought under the collective protec tion of Europe, and if Russia, abusing her proximity to Turkey, should at any time attempt to enforce ambitious designs, by this convention all the other Powers were bound to resist the aggression. M. Berryer said that the question of the East was of high iuterest to France. He maintained that France had much to defend and protect. Above all she had to assert her influence against that of others. Had this influence been upheld ? lie replied—No ! France has gained nothing, defended nothing, preserved nothing, and, on this account, he objected to its being said in the Address that the question of the East was con cluded. M. Berryer then drew a comparison between the advantages of an alliance with Russia and an alliance with England, which latter Power, he said, had never entered into any _alliance with France except for her own interest. It was England, said M. Berryer, that France should watch, for on every point hecinfluence was preponderating; on every point therefore should France oppose influence by influence. It would be remembered that ho had defended those who had fought at Waterloo, and that he bad not been to Ghent.—(Great interruption.) I am a Frenchman, added M. Berryer, but I am attached to a principle of government, and I have never changed my colours. M. Piscatory said he approved of the principle laid down by M. Thiers, and thought that whilst France spoke off' peace to the world, she should have her hand on the hilt of her sword. Ho was for a more dignified tone than the advocates of the Address were disposed to use. A call for a division was now raised, and the first pa ragraph of the Address was put to the vote. It was car ried by an immense majority. About 50 deputies only stood up when the vote on the negative was called for. The Chamber adjourned at Six o'Clock. PORTUGAL. LISBON, JAN. 17. The Braganza steamer arrived here last night from Falmouth, having, amongst other passengers, the Pope's Nuncio, Monsignore Cappacini, commissioned at this Court to regulate, in conjunction with her Most Faithful Majesty, the ecclesiastical affairs of the kingdom, which, ever since the breaking out of the war of succession have been in a most unsettled state. Some prospect is thus afforded of the hostility of the Church in Portugal, both to the reigning dynasty and the actual Government, abating in its intensity, and of that great corporation becoming reconciled to the exist ing order of things. Hitherto the influence of the prin cipal Church dignitaries has been added, with that of the Miguelite partisans, to the weight of Oppo sition. The large confiscations of ecclesiastical property which have taken place of late years hare added fuel to the flame; but the still sufficient provision which is awarded to the service of the parochial churches has in some degree reconciled the most inveterate hostility ; and it is hoped that, with prudent management, the pre sent mission may beget peace and a good understanding, in the room of jealousies and endless contentions. Mon signor Cappacini will make a considerable stay in Por tugal, and has taken the mansion and elegant gardens in the rua Sao Felix, lately occupied by M. Van Zellar. The first accounts of the results of the municipal elec tiun.; have reached Lisbon during the present week; with the single exception of Aveyra, they will all go in favour of the Government. On Friday his Excellency Senhor Rodrigo Da F. Ma galhaes, her Majesty's Secretary for Foreign Affairs, gave a grand dinner to the Ministers and members of the diplomatic corps. At his right sat Lord Howard de Walden, the longest resident Foreign Minister in Lis bon, and on his left the French Ambassador. At the other end of the table the Prime Minister, Senhor Aguiar, presided, supported on hie right by the Duke of Ter ceira, and on his left by the Duke of Palmella. The embarrassment which the Government is encoun tering in reference to their capitalization project is greatly increased by the conduct of the Directors of the new Company, who are literally backing out of the terms of their own contract. Instead of giving money to those Empregados, whose titulos are stated at 56 per cent., they merely permit them to subscribe and send out their runners into the market; with a com mission to offer from 48 to 50 per cent. in cash for these same tituies, so that the Company may be enabled to pocket the difference. This conduct, which is little short of roguery, has produced universal disgust. The Govern ment shares the obloquy, although not fairly responsible for it; and the chief blame rests, not with the Bank Di rectors, but with the universally unpopular tobacco contractors. Portuguese politics present little to instruct or amuse during the past week. The only thing of considerable note which has occurred, is an unsuccessfully and very quietly exploded attempt on the part of the ultra •Chartists in Oporto to proclaim the Charter of 1826, in its original purity, and divest it of the additions made to it by the revolution of September, 1836. The attempt was exceed ingly silly, and even with reference to the principles of its abettors, illusory, since it could effect no change either of men or of measures which could at all compensate for its disastrous consequences, even if successful. The weight of obloquy which Ministers have drawn down upon their heads by the late financial operation is tremendous. It is not alone that the battery which was opened at first by the Opposition Journals has since kept up an incessant fire, and that in coffee-house saloon, and public lounge, they have encountered the most invete rate hostility, but amongst their own friends, and in the circle of their most immediate followers the measure has awakened a rancorous spirit of resistance. It has revealed the fact, not even suspected before, of a most extensive traffic in the titulos, about which so much has been said, in the most improbable and improper quarters. The jobbers in question have in many instances been Go vernment officers, highly placed. The needier class of Em pregados have been tempted to dispose of their titulos for a trifle to other Empregados, more fortunate in their position, and possessed of some command of money. The confidential employes, to whom these remarks refer, did their best to depreciate the value of the poor underlings' titulos by preaching the final insolvency of the Government, and their peculiar facilities of information made their repre sentations readily believed. They thus brought up the inferior functionaries' papers for a song, chuckling in se cret ever the success of the manoeuvre, and entertaining the secret conviction that they would be finally paid to the uttermost farthing. But behold them caught in their owa trap. The very event which they painted to others, but disbelieved themselves, to trick their dupes out of the documents representing their hard earned gains, has in reality occurred, and through their own underhand dealings has visited their own doors. The tardy arrival of the Braganza, which should have been here on Friday, and did not reuch till Sunday night, is the only cause which delayed Senhor Aguilar's de parture for Madrid. His Excellency is an Andalusian by birth, and makes this coasting detour for the purpose province e n route . Th ere i s a eon of visiting his native siderable affinity between the Andalusian and the Gascon character ; and it is no wonder, therefore, that his Expel lency should have been heard tp b rag th a t h e Will shortly be back again in Lisbon in the same capacity (query, incapacity ?) of Ambassador, and that be, forsooth, is not to be removed at the beck of Portugal. In the language however, of the Gascon and quasi-Andalusian, Thiers, the final removal of Senhor Aguilar from the diplomacy of Lisbon may be considered " tat fait accompli." The new Spanish Charge d'Affaires, Senhor Tehran, has already arrived. This gentleman has for a considerable time past been an attache of the Foreign-office at Ma drid, and is said to be a competent person. Amongst the numerous objections which have been . raised against Senhor Avila's financial plan is the fol lowing, viz.—That of the holders of the 2,373 contos of Portuguese bonds in London, a portion of which it is proposed to convert into the "internal debt." Many will not consent to the operation. Contemporaneous with this great financial operation is an extensive sale by auction of national property, con sisting of convents in Lisbon and other places, together with confiscated property, and property accruing to the Crown in default of legal heirs. This sale is in pursu ance of a law passed on the Bth of June last year. It commences this day, and will continue during the space of a month. The ecclesiastical property which is thus to be disposed of is very considerable, and consists of the convent of our Lady of Mount Olivet, reformed Augusti nians in the suburbs of Lisbon ; convent of our Lady of Grace, Augustinian eremites in Torres Vedras ; convent of St. Dominic in Lisbon ; monastery of Santa Cruz in Coimbra ; monastery of St. Mary, of the order of St. Bernard, in Alcobaca ; convent of -St. Francis in Caria ; and house of the order of Christ in Castro Marifn. Exchange on London at 30 days' sight 53id. per milrei. DUTCH MAIL. THE HAGUE, JAN. 19.—The anniversary of the birth day of our beloved Queen was celebrated to-day in this town in the usual manner. At noon there was a brilliant parade of the troops, which was favoured by the finest eath We hear that the English Ambassador at this Court intends to give a splendid entertainment on the occasion of th, baptism of the Prince of Wales. We le;rn, from accounts from Java, that on the 10th of July last 3 -tar a convention, recognising the Nether lands authority, was concluded in Macassar with the newly-appointed Prince of Tunelle in Celebas, and signed by him and the inferior Princes of Tunelle in the presence of th• Governor of Macassar, the military commandant the officers of the garrison, the civil authorities, and the principal inhabitants. This may be considered as a fa vourable sign of the establishment of peace in the island of Celebas. HANOVER, JAN. 17.—The evening before yesterday his Majesty the King went to Othfreden to meet the King of Prussia as he passed through that place. The King of Prussia arrived on the following morning at ten, o'clock. The two Sovereigns breakfasted together. After stopping a couple of hours, the King of Prussia continued his journey, and our King returned to this city yesterday evening. DUTCH FUNDS.—AMSTERDAM, JAN. 21. Money. Bills. Actual Debt, 2% per Cent 51% 52 Ditto, ditto 6 per cent. Amor t Syndic,4% per cent............ ...... Ditto, ditto, 3) percent. 76 76% Commercial Company, 4% per Ditto (1835 and 1837) 5 per cent. Loan 1837, 5 per cent.... ......... ..... 97 98% Exchange on London, dne month ..... 12 10 Two months Harnburgh, One month 35 65 %% Two months 35 43% Dutch Papers, Jan. 22. BELGIAN e UND3—Bnissuir.e. JAN. 22: Actual Debt, 14 per Cent. Rothschild's Lean, 5 per Cent ...... ......., 10 2% Loan of Thirty Millions, 4 pa Cent. ..... --- 3 per Cent. — ----..Thirty.seven •• 73% --- (1540) 1(X 1 1.4 Loin of City, 1432, 4 per Cent. 95 Society at Corrnneree. 4 %per Coat B5 Bank of Belgium, 5 per Cent. .... ..... NationalSeciety. ...... .......... ..... .... Exchange on London (shot t) - -Brussels Papers, Jan. 22. AUSTRIAN FLY NDS.—VraNsia. JAN. 14. five per Coats. lietalliques boar per Cents. ..... ........".......... ..... ... ....... Three par Cents. Bank Shares .... ....... ! ........ ...... ........ ..... Aligemeine ZsUu ng, .... n. 17. HAMBURG BOItSENHALLE,'„IAN.IB. Bills. Money Austrian 5 per Cents. ... 107% Bank Shares 1628 . . Anglo-Russian Loan 109;. 109% Russian 5 per Cent. Ist series, Certificate Inscription, Ist Series lO3 Russian 5 per Cant. Hope and Cam. 3d and 4th Series — Ditto in Cortilicates Ncw 4 per Cent. (1840) 8 4% : 158 4 Dutch Actual Debt, 2% per Cent 50% 50% Ditto 5 per Cent. — Polish Bonds New ticket Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per Cent. 7B 77% Norwegian Loan, 1834, 4 per Ceni 1( 336 102 1 . S2:nish, New 5 per Cents EXCHANGES ON LONDON. HAMBURG, JAN. 18.-13 8 k .—Two months, 13 63( STOCKHOLM. JAN. H.—Seventy-five days, 12. ES. PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—Boaun, JAN. 15. Bills. Money. St. Schuld. 3ch., 46 per cent, 1043(, 104% Prussian English Lean, 1830, 4 per cent. 102% 10 % 111xchange on London, three months 6 21ii% —Prussian Slate Gazelle. Jan. it FROM THE AMERICAN PAPERS. IMPRO VEMENTS IN CLEANING COTTON.--Whit ney's cotton gin seems likely to be superseded by a new machine for cleaning cotton and wool, which appears to have been introduced with success at Lowell, Mass. It consists of a common feed apron from which the cotton passes through the rollers, is thence taken by a common picker and thrown into comb-teeth arranged on a solid iron cylinder, and is then taken forward under a revolving floated wheel guard. The fibres of cotton are then doffed from the comb-teeth by revolving brushes, and turned out freed from all foreign sub stances. The secret of the success of this machine in cleansing cotton lies in the ingenious arrangement of the floated wheel-guard in connexion with the comb teeth. The advantages of this machine over Whitney's cotton gin, may be easily seen. The latter has been in use successfully ever since its invention, but does not leave the cotton perfectly clean, and injures the staple in some degree. With this machine there is no chance for foreign substances to pass through ; and the opera tion of it shows that the cotton is much better cleansed by it, and with far less injury to the staple. Even cotton waste, no matter how much dirt it contains, may be per fectly cleaned and rendered fit for use. THE AMISTA D AFRICA letter from Port Principe, Cuba, to a gentleman in this city, dated No vember 18, says—" The Captain General of the Island bas demanded of Mr. Carries all his accounts, including interest, damages, &c., of the negroes of the Amistad ; and insists that Mr. Carries shall be paid the whole of it. And it appears that the Captain General intends to deduct the amount from $70,000 which the Spanish Government has to pay to the United States." The Philadelphia papers report a case as occurring lately in Delaware, which discloses more barbarism than we believed extant in the United States . It is as follows : The Court at Newcastle county, Delaware, was in ses sion last week. Several persons were convicted of lar ceny, and sentenced to receive twenty-one lashes on the bare back. One man pleaded guilty to three indict ments, and was sentenced to receive twenty-one lashes for each indictment. But a more extraordinary sen tence is that of a young girl, who pleaded guilty on ten different indictments for larceny. She was sen tenced to pay twofold value of goods stolen to the owners, to wear ten T's on her outer garment, and to receive twenty-one lashes on the bare back, well laid on, in each case, making 210 in all. The Governor, who was prabably shocked at the idea of a young girl being stripped, tied, and scored with a whip, humanely remitted the corporeal punishment. LATEST FROM BARBADOES Kingston, Ja maica, papers of the 30th ult. we learn that the distress which has been experienced in Jamaica, and the heavy taxation to which we are subject, seem to be equally felt in Barbadoes. In a petition to the Governor, pray. ing that a vacancy in the Magistracy might not be filled up, there appears the following paragraph :—" That the state of the country at this time is one of unprecedented depression, and the distress which pervades all ranks, but presses with peculiar severity on the poor and mid dle classes, is greatly augmented by excessive taxation to support an extravagant expenditure, created within the last few years, and maintained without due consi deration of the actual wants of the country, or the pecu niary ability of the inhabitants." BARQUE AMERICA FROM SICILY Stmc.—Yester day morning, about ten o'clock, the pilot-boat Phantom, while off Sandy Hook put a pilot on board of the barque America, Captain Faulkner , from Sicily ; at which time the barque was leaking at the rate of four feet of water an hour, with ber pumps in such a bad condition, having been in constant use for fifty d a y s , th a t i t was impossible to make any use of them. The pilot disco vering that he would be unable to get her into port, im mediately hoisted a signal of distress, which soon brought the pilot boat alongside the barque, notwithstanding it was blowing very heavily from the northwest. The America at this time was filling very fast, and all on board had to make their escape so precipitately that not a soul belonging to the barque saved anything ex cept what they had on. She went down about twelve o'clock, only a few minutes after all hands had got safely on board the pilot boat. The captain and crew came up to the city last night in the Phantom. The barque had been out ninety-five days, being unable to carry sufficient canvass, on account of her leaky condition. On the 23d inst. Eyvan Nyhn, one of the crew of the America, fell from the maintopsail yard into the sea, and was drowned, By order of the Minister of War, considerable works of defence are to be undertaken at Cherbourg during the present and five following years. A credit of eight millions of francs is allotted for this purpose, without comprising the expen se o f m ilit ary b u ild ings. THE WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ACT.— On Saturday at the Petty Sessions, holden at the Holland Arms, Kensington, Mrs. Riddell was charged with hav ing a weighing machine of an unjust standard. The machine was produced, and was of the most clever con struction ; it appeared perfectly correct until the weights were added ; but upon a 41b. weight being placed in each scale a false draught of 4oz. was discovered, and there -:vas a gain of one ounce in the draught upon every pound beyond. The defendant said she had recently taken the shop, and the scales were a part of the fix tures. She solemnly declared her ignorance of their de ficiency. It appeared that the defendant was a respect able deserving woman, and the Magistrates fully excul pated her from any blame, and only fined her a shilling and the costs, which were, however', generously declined by Mr. Connell, the clerk. MASONIC BALL.—A Masonic ball, in aid of the Freemasons' Asylum, will take place on Tuesday evening, which it is expected will be very numerously at tended. We understand that the members of the fra ternity present on this occasion will appear in the col lars and jewels of their respective grades, in compliment to the Royal christening. EVENING SUN NEVIS" it YZI kt . ,--4,,,,-R.,,,-, ..,„,..,, i t ~ .:, PUSEYISM. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN" Aj S IR — Being a daily reader of your valuaW Journal, I must say that it is with the greatest pleasure I read the various articles on Puseyism, and your holding it up to the light before a iFn Francis n i sy t r iL a . c o t li : t ie ' discerning public. I have sent you the follow ing egi letter, t ol t Lei e it written to r ov , rwedtog bpr Bishop aiisi passages by the eo tsxh underf e for ro ß ydmo e : u_ v ar . to t a bi Lordship's letter lately published by a deacon in your Lord ship's diocese, the Rev. Win. Palmer, and at the same time to quote the sentiments and words of va rious Bishops, the greater part o f th em st ill living ; and then, when your Lordship shall have perused these quotations, together with the extracts of Mr. Palmer's:letter, I would respect fully ask whether a deacon in the Church is per mitted to anathematize his superiors in dignity and station." The following are the passages in Mr. Palmer's letter alluded to " In conclusion, I says anathema to the prin ciple of Protestantism, which I regard as iden tical with the principle of Dissent, and to all its forms, sects, and denominations." Again—" Likewise to all persons who know ingly and willingly, and understanding what they do, shall assert, either for themselves or for the Church of England, the principle of ,Protes tantism, or maintain the Church of England to have one and the same common religion with any or all of the various forms and sects of Pro testantism, or go about to establish any inter communion between our Church and them—to all such I say, anathema." "It will no doubt be in your Lordship's recollec tion that the present Archbishop of Canterbury did, some years ago, express an earnest wish for the union of the Church of England with the other Protestant Churches on the Continent, and that lie did, either in express terms or by direct implications, manifest his opinion that the Church of England is a Protestant Church." " The Bishop of Calcutta, in his Charge deli vered in 1838, speaks of our Protestant Re formed Churches." " The Bishop of Chester, in his Charge of 1838, says, Under the specious pretence of deference to antiquity, the foundations of our Protestant Churches are undermined by men who dwell within her walls.' " "The Bishop of Chichester (deceased), in a work entitled ' Not Tradition but Scripture,' uses the term ' pure Protestantism,' as synonymous with sound Christianity." ...„. . . _ . " The Bishop of Winchester, in his recent Charge, mentions the Protestant doctrine of justification' as one of the distinctive principles of our Church." " These remarks mioht be greatly multiplied, but I need not remind your Lordship that the Queen, at her coronation, swore to maintain the Protestant Reformed Religion, as by law es tablished." These are tl►e extracts to which I would call your attention, and knowing how widely circu lated your Paper is, I would ask your numerous readers respectfully, whether they will bestir themselves, and follow the noble example of the men of Cheltenham, or will they sit and have their throats cut i►► peace ? for matters are now working to a crisis, and though she only now ask for a Poetry chair, yet hereafter she will want a Bishopric, and concession will increase the de mand; the cn►ly remedy is to put it down, or it will eventually put us down. Mr. Palmer cannot go ninth farther, if any ; for he has cursed the Queen, the Primate, the Bishops, the Parliament, great part of the clergy, and a great number of the people of Great Bri tain. And will they submit to be cursed, or will they not make the table of the Archbishop of Can terbury bend under the weight of their petitions ? The struggle is for freedom, and if we lose, Romanism, as well as Puseyisin, will triumph. I am, Sir, your obedient servant, Jan. 14, 1842. A HATER OF SCHISM. THE NOTTINGHAM DEPUTATION AND SIR ROBERT PEEL. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR—It will no doubt be with some surprise and no small pain, that you and every one pledged to seek the entire repeal of the Corn and Provision-laws, must have read the report of what is said to have taken place at an inter view betwixt three influential gentlemen who took an active part at the late Derby meeting, and the Prime Minister, on the subject of the Corn-laws. From the high character of those gentlemen, and from the sound information and zeal some of . them are said, to possess on that question, the• writer of this is led to believe that, in the reportedt conversation said to have taken place, there must be some mistake. It was as follows : " The Deputation, in a few brief and forcible remarks, showed, that the sliding scale,' under almost any modi fication, would be unfair towards distant countries, ands more especially injurious to the trade with the United States of America ; and therefore urged upon the atten tion of the Right lion. Baronet the adoption of a moderate fixed duty, whereby the importation of grain from Ame rica might be rendered a safe operation for the mer chant. The Deputation proceeded to show that, if suds fixed duty were adopted, we should furnish the Ameri cans with the means of paying for an increased amount of British goods, and thus accomplish two important ob jects—obtain a supply of food for our operatives, and the employment of their labour in purchasing it. " Sir Robert Peel, after cautioning the members of the Deputation against drawing any other inferenm from such questions as he might put, than that he % fa , desirous of obtaining every possible information c, t , t h e , subject, asked them, whether an improved mode , j f ta ki ng . the averages, and such a modification of the f,',idi ng scale as would lessen materially the extent and suddenness of the fluctuations, would not meet the ea.F.,e. " In reply, the Deputation assweed the Right Hon. Baronet, that it was the almost unanimous conviction of those engaged in commerce, that a fluctuating duty was essentially mischierous; but at the same time suggested, that, if Government were determined to adhere to a fluctuating duty, its effects might to some extent be counter acted, if time were allowed to exporters from distant coun tries to bring their can into the British market, without - . being subjected to any higher rate of duty than that charged on the earlier importations from the Continent of Europe." If this were true, if the Deputation did urge upon the attention of the Minister a moderate fixed duty, or, if needs must be, some new curi ous contrivance of the sliding scale (which I do, not believe), what will the working-classes of this country say, what will the stocking-makers et the Midland Counties say to this, think you r Shall it be said that men calling themselves free traders, Corn-law repealers, or may be Radi cal Refbriners,.shall take credit for, and assist in, padding and bolstering the galling collar to make it just to be borne before it is again rivetted on the neck of the starving stocking-maker? Who shall blame Sir Robert Peel should he bring forward some such abortion as one of those said to have been suggested by these gentlemen? Nobody; it will be the scheme of such Deputation, and they will be fairly entitled to all the merit or odium to which such a scheme may entitle them. Such a measure may suit a manufacturer for, i o t r man, not will merchantgivotrdin satisfaction to, actio n the U tot n h i e t Unit ed S r k t n t e g s . to the maker of such goods, who under such a scheme will have to eat his tbod at nearly double the price paid by such continental manufac turers with which he will have to compete in the American markets, and at three times the price, taking into account the duty the English manu facturer will have to pay at the American Cus tom-house ; the disadvantage will be against the English manufacturer and the English workman (for it is the workmen that compete) as one is to three, that is the American manufacturer, and of course the American workman, will receive three times as much food for the same amount of labour. What will the Anti-Corn-law League say to this? I have much mistaken the men if they do not at once repudiate it. FRANKLIN. MARYLEEONE VESTRY.—On Saturday Mr. Flood read a communication received from the Earl of Lincoln, with regard to the rights of the Crown, as pa trons of the parish, to appoint to the office of clerk and sexton of the entire parish. The letter set forth that, under the 46th section of the Act, the late Government were perfectly right in appointing the Rev. F. Brathwaite to do the office of Clerk and Sexton by himself or deputy, and the present Government not only felt bound to con firm that decision, but refused to make a separate ap pointment to the Chapel and Cemetery of St. John's Wood. The Report of the Committee on the subject was then brought up. It regretted the course pursued; by G overnment, and recommended that, as the office of clerk and sexton of St: John's Wood had beenp!er mitted to lapse, the salary of 30/. a-year paid to Mr. Em peror, should be discontinued by the Vestry. Mr. Jo seph moved the adoption of the Report, leaving out the last sentence. Mr. Flood here read a memorial from Mr. Emperor, who in it stated that he had been clerk and sexton of St. John's Wood for twenty-seven year! ; and a letter received by Mr. Emperor from the late Duke p. of Portland, the then patron, confirming his appoint ment, dependent on his good behaviour. Mr. patron was that what had been done by the then Pa' was binding on the Crown, although Emperor 40,0001. for the patronage. Ile considered M.r. said, if the to have a life-interest in the situation, and t,it would; be a vestry acted so unjustly to an old servant, to eject him stepping-stone for the Rev. F. Br a s s h said the office had it , ha d given moved as an amendment the adoption of Repor now filled it without any lapsed, and that Mr. Emperor Committee felt that they had. legal appointment. tltir.enGtioremm motv. The ar for an office which did not no right to give 30/. o - ye ._. exist. The original proposition was carried with but two dissentients.