The Sun. — London, England, 1861-08-02 00:00:00

THE SUN. LONDON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 2,18 M. Immediately before the close of the session the Officers of Reserve (Royal Navy) Bill has been read a third time and passed through the House of Commons. To ourselves this is certainly a subject for profound satisfaction. If productive of good in nothing else, the session of 1861 has cer tainly been productive of great and lasting good to the'country at large, for inasmuch as it has wit nessed the passage of a bill of this kind trium phantly, and—unlike some other Government measures that we all wot of (say, for example, the Bankruptcy Bill)—unmutilated and unmarred through both houses of the Imperial Legislature. Through the medium of this bold and compre hensive arrangement, our maritime defences have been enhanced, as directly as our land de fences have been enhanced, simultaneously, by the permanent organisation of our self-supporting National Guard, now from 100,000 to 200,000 strong, yclept the Rifle Volunteers. The en hancement of the maritime defences of the nation, in truth, by means of the establishment of the Naval Reserve at length secured to us, through the medium of this sagacious enactment, is in one sense more conspicuous and remarkable than the enhancement of our military defences through the enrolment of our already well disciplined Rifle Volunteers. For who, in point of fact, are the men secured as a Re serve to the Royal Navy of England? Who are they but the very pick of the finest body of seamen in the whole world ? The flower and glory and pride of the British merchant service— that, and nothing less than that, may be said to constitute the Naval Reserve secured to the country henceforth through the admirable arrangement recently adventured upon by the Legislature at the ingegestion of her Majesty's Government. Apropos to the final passing of this measure, in the Rouse of Commons yesterday Lord PALMER STON expressed his opinion very sententiously, and as we cannot but think also very conclu sively, upon a certain specious proposition recently put forward by one or two persons of the most opposite character well imaginable among the ranks of our national repre sen t at i ves. The propo sition referred to being no other, in fact, than that, in the first instance, extremely alluring one, Rieht sug gested only a night or two since, by the Hon. Gentleman the Leader of the Opposition —a proposition, i n point of fact, that some ne go ti at i on should be set on foot between the Governments o f France and England, with a view to the amicable termination, as speedily as possible, of the present gigantic rivalry between the two countries in the augmentation of their maritime arma ments, Yesterday the hint which had been incidentally thrown out a few sittings previously in a brief and .impressive and (in the tone of it) eminently conciliatory and statesman-like speech by the right hon. Member for Bucks, had the rather dubious advantage accorded to it of being reduced to a definite and explicit 'query addressed to the First Minister of the Crown by the Radical Mem ber for Brighton. Mr. WHITE observing at the close of his remarks last evening, that " he would ask when was the rivalry to cease, and could not some understanding be come to between the two countries to put an end to a state of things which sooner or later must lead to a collision ?" In re sponding, upon the moment, to this direct inquiry, Lord PALMERSTON admitted at once that the ques tion put to him by the hon. gentleman was "one of great importance—namely, whether the British Government could not enter into communication with any foreign Government—for," said the noble Viscount, " it must not be confined to France—but with any foreign Government, with a view i o impose a limit upon the respective forces of the two coun tries." - While, however, thus admitting it to' be an important question —a question, indeed, of the ve , "3" first importance—the PREMIER added that it wao also one of great difficulty may a " open to much criti - C ourtesy, wepresume, alone pre venting the noble lord from designating it at the same tiara utterly Q uixotic, and at any rate at the present juncture, cnatirely impracticable. think," " the noble lord cei • t ainl y did acknowledge, that although at the l irst blush it appears to , be a practicable' thinb think that any Britixh cism. THEATRE.ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Baukstone. THIS EVENDM, the performances will commence with a new Ballet, BACCHUS AND ARIADNE. Miss Fanny Wright, the Leclercqs, Mr. Webster, &C. After which, a new Comedy, entitled MY LORD AND MY LADY ; or, It Might have been Worse. Mr. C. Mathews, Mr. Andrews, Mr. Buckstone, Mrs. Charles Mathews, Mrs. Wilkins, &c. Followed by C OOL AS A CUCUMBER. Mr. Charles Mathews. To conclude with TURNING THE TABLE;. CommenCe at 7. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.— Lessee and Manazer, Mr. A. Harris. THIS EVENING, THE TWO POLTS. Messrs. Widdi combe, Cathcart, Miss R. Leclercq, (tc. Followed by THE CORSICAN BROTHERS. Messrs. Pechter, A. Harris, Meadows, Miss Murray, Miss R. Leclerq, and Mrs. Westsn. To conclude with THE FIRST NIGHT. Mr. A. Harris, and Miss Maria Harris. NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHL- Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. Reproduction of the great drama of "The Dead Heart." THIS EVENING, the great Adelphi drama, THE DEAD HEART. Messrs. B. Webster, J. L. Toole, Fisher, Billing ton, Eburne, Smith, Romer ; Miss Woolgar and Miss Kate Kelly. To conclude with (16th time) THE PRETTY HORSE _BREAKER. Mr. J. L. Toole, Mr. Paul Bedford ; Miss K. Kelly, Miss Woolgar, Miss E. Thorne, Miss Laidlaw, and Mrs. Chatterley, Doors open at halt past B—Commence at 7. CIAN'TERBURY HALL AND FINE ARTS GALLERY. Verdi's New Opera, UN BALLO IN MASCHERA, arranged and conducted by Mr. Jonghmans. Mr. Levy on the cornet-a-piston. Mr. Wood and his talented little Son, the best Negro Delineators of the day. The extraordinary comic duet, " The Nerves," by Messrs. Harvey and French, the most grotesque performance in London. Mrs. Lawrence and Mr. Marshall in several New Songs written expressly for him, including the " Excursion to Brighton." Admission, 6d. ; Stalls and Balcony, is. RETURN of SAM COWELL to ENGLAND, who will shortly appear at his olduarte rs, after a n absence of five years. RE-DECORATION of this Magnificent HALL, executed by Mr. William Sanderson, of Lambeth, under the direction of Samuel Field, Esq., architect, is now completed. This popular Place of Amusement now surpasses its former grandeur, and, with the FINE ARTS GALLERY and SPACIOUS PROMENADE, forms the MOST ELEGANT PUBLIC BUILDING in the WORLD. Considerable im rovements have been made in the VENTILATION and iLIGHTING. O X F 0 It I), 6, OXFORD-STREET. This noble building being now completed, its architectural beauty, elegance of ornamentation, and brilliancy of lighting render it one of the sights of the metropolis. Open Evel'Y E v ening. The programme is varied , a nd includes Selections (by a full company of principals , pow erful band, and chorus) from " Macbeth" And "En Ballo in Maschera." both operas by Verdi, the comoser of the d —e wonderful Solos on the Cornet-a-Pistopn of the renowned L ThEV Y—Scotch Duets by the Misses Stuart, and other vocal and instrumental music e the highest order. Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmas. The Comic portion of the entertainments is supported by Miss Green, Messrs. Sam Collins, Harvey, n French (the Nerves), W. H. Wieland, E. Marshall, and W. Randall. Admission, Hall, sixpenee ; Balcony and Stalls, one shilling. Private Boxes, 10s. 6d. T " E - - WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIN Dl.4.—Mornin.g, 10h. 9m.—Afternoon, 10h. 50m. To-uosato-vr.-Morning, llh. 30m.—Afternoon, h. m. THE WEATHER.—SUN OFFICE, AUGUST 2, 1861. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 73 —highest since noon yesterday. 56—lowest this morning and daring the night. 73—this day at noon 93anomErEu-29.85. WlND—Soith-Westerly; fresh, with fine weather. ,t , , qts, a „4...,•,,,, , ~,, nt.„70,-, r " Government would long pause and hesitate be fore —it—entered into any agreement with foreign countries LIMITING the amount of force, naval or military, which this country ought to maintain." In other words—the Premier implies here that the thing is really and truly, as we have said, impracticable ! He casts the notion aside with an air of very natural disdain as, in itself, the merest Quixotism. As to the amount of forces, naval and military, requisite for the exigencies of this country, and not only for these islands, but for the whole of the vast British Empire, for the whole of the world-wide domi nions owning allegiance to the sceptre of VICTORIA, as to that we alone can be the right judges, "WE should judge of that amount," says Lord PALMERSTON with emphasis, " WE should judge of that amount according to the circum stances of the moment," meaning that no other 1 power in the wide world could in reason be left to decide the limits of our military and maritime forces for us ! " Any agreement," said the Premier, Iyesterday from his place in the House of Commons, " would be with several foreign Powers, because it is not France alone that is a naval Power. There is Russia, the United States, Spain, which is growing in importance, and other States which have navies, and therefore any limitation of our own force must be made with a view not only to the naval power of France, but to any possible combination of other Powers. Such an arrangement," he adds, " would I think lead to interminable doubts and disputes. We must have officers watching them, and they must have o fficers watching us; there would be doubts and suspicions of bad faith, and, instead of l ayin g the foundations of peace, we should, I fear, be sowing the seeds of future interminable dissensions." Now, as to the common-sense of all this, there cannot be two opinions. And therefore —while it is, of course, delightful to indulge occa sionally in these millennial daydreams about en tering into diplomatic negotiations with France or with any other country, -with a view to the eventual beating of our spears into reaping hooks and our swords into ploughshares—one can't help asking immediately afterwards—How it is we are expected to do it ! Mr. BRIGHT has at last given us his mind on America. In the populous north—the West Riding and South Lancashire especially—canvassing is almost entirely carried on by public meetings, the vast number of electors rendering individual appli cations nearly impossible. Mr. JOHN CHEETHAM, the Liberal candidate for the new seat for South Lancashire, paid, of course, a visit to Rochdale, the proper home of the honourable orator for Birmingham; and of course, Mr. BRIGHT was there to take his part in demolishing Mr. TURNER, the Tory candidate, and in backing Mr. CHEETHAM. He had an easy task, for Mr. CHEETHAM is a known and sound man—and Mr. TURNER he attacked through his party, firing at him, certainly in most amusing style, and with great good nature too, all the blunders of the Tory party for the last thirty years, and logically drawing the inference that the associate of blunderers must be presumed to be a blunderer himself. Ergo, since the country had re jected as folly all that Tories had fought for to desperation as wisdom, the electors ought to reject the candidate who had been on the side of the rejected folly, and to choose the one whose views the nation had accepted as political and commercial wisdom. Mr. BRIGHT alluded very happily to a kind of plausible representations which are becoming very common with a certain class of writers more than of speakers—" There is," he. observed, "a curious kind of trick being played upon the public, and it is not played upon us only by the Tory party, mind—there is a little of it in another party, which we are not allowed to say much about to-night. We are being told that now nearly everything is done; that there is nothing for anybody to ask for ; that politics are coming to an end ; that it doesn't matter very much what sort of a man you return to Parliament ; and that, therefore, it does not matter very much whether Mr. TURNER be returned for this division of the county or Mr. CHEETHAM. I utterly repudiate that doetrine. According to certain people in this country, including nearly everybody of the ruling class, the time had always been unfavourable for further advances, and they have generally been quite satisfied with what has been done. But the people have never hitherto been satisfied, and I hope there are a good many things to be done yet before they are satisfied." But let us glance at our sturdy peace champion's views on America. He is in a rather awkward fix, as his Yankee friends would call it. He cannot praise the war spirit, and the war preparations, and the war loans of the North, and yet he warmly advocates their cause, and warmly opposes seces sion. He identifies the integrity of the Union with the existence of Government at all in the United States—and compares the Southern secession with a secession here of Yorkshire and Lanca shire. He shrinks from the actual defence of their fighting, yet cleverly adds : " At any rate, they have never fought for ' the balance of power' in Europe. They have never fought to keep up a decaying empire. They have never squandered the money of their people in such phantom expeditions as we have been en gaged in. And now at this moment, when you are i told that they are going to be ruined by their vast expenditure, why the sum that they are going to raise in the great emergency of this grievous war is no greater than what we raise every year during a time of peace?, Mr. BRIGHT is as gentle on the slavery question as Mr. LINCOLN himself,and is quite sa ti s fi e d that the North should fight for THEu UNION AND SLAVERY. “ They say," he exclaim s, tat they are no t go i ng t o liberate slaves. No ; the obje c t of the Washing ton Government is to maintain their own consti tution, and to act legally, as it permits and re quires." Yes they are going to act legall y enough if it Mr. BRIGHT thinks that pro slavery constitution can be a legal thing were Mr. BRIGHT'S heart as right on this subject as Lord SHAFTESBURY'S, we are sure he could as much surpass his l ordshi p in the elo quence of his invective against paper legality in as defiance of the laws of God and human natare, his lordship now surpasses Mr. BRIGHT in the noble ness of his position. Yet, further on, when he desires to excuse the North for warring on the South, and claims our sympathies for the North, he says " that the people of England, if they are true to their own sympathies, to their own history, and to their own great Act 1834, to which reference has already been made, will have no sympathy for those who wish to build up a great empire on the perpetual bondage of millions of their fellowmen." Why, President LINCOLN pleads for a Constitution and a fugitive slave law designed "to perpetuate the bondage of millions of their fellow men !" On the general question of the war our belli gerent peace friend is very ingenious—he stands upon the ground that it is a war for Government merely, and he appeals to those therefore who would ' uphold any Government. "No man," he says, 4 ! is more in favour of peace than I am ; no man has de nounced war more than I have, probably, in this country; few men, in their public life, have suffered more obloquy—l had almost said, more indignity—in consequence of it. But I cannot, for the life of me see, upon any of those principles upon which States are governed now—l say nothing of the literal word of the New Testament —I cannot see how the state of affairs in America, with regard to the United States Government, could have been dif ferent from what it is at this moment. We had a heptarchy in this country, and it was thought to be a good thing to get rid of it, and to have a united nation. If the 33 or 34 states of the American Union can break off whenever they like, I can see nothing but disaster and confusion throughout the whole of that continent. I say that the war, be it successful or not, be it Christian or not, be it wise or not, is a war to sustain the Government and to sustain the authority of a great nation." The reason for the line he takes appears to be his views of the cotton question. He does not agree with those who think the cotton difficulty will blow over as similar things have done-before; " All I assert is," he says, " that this particular case is new, that we have never had a war in the United States between different sections of that country, affecting the production of cotton before ; and it is not fair, nor wise, but rather childish than otherwise, to argue from past events, which were not a bit like this, of the event which is now passing bafere our eyes. They say, "It is quite true there is a civil war in America, but it will blow over ; there will be a compromise; or the English Government will break the blockade." Now, recollect what breaking the blockade means. It means a war with the United States ; and I don't think myself, that it would be cheap to break the block ade, at the cost of a war with the United States. I think that the cost of a war with the United States would give, probably, half wages, for a very considerable time, to those persons in Lancashire who would be out of work if there was no cotton, to say nothing at all of the manifest injustice and wrong against all inter national law, that a legal and effective blockade should be interfered with by another country. It is not exactly the business of this meeting, but my opinion is, that the safety of the products on which this country depends rests far more on the success of the Washington Government than upon its failure. If that be Mr. BRIGHT'S view, we can well under stand how our " Friend" should be unwilling to quote the New Testament literally against the war of the North with the South. lest partiality should be suspected. We know of no reason, on the other hand, why the Government should not in any original contract include the offer of as many men from the Sappers as liked the terms agreed on between a contractorand the Govern ment ; but that is quite another case. It would be doubtless in favour of both the moral and physical health of the soldiers to be employed when possible in industrial occupations. Martinets we know do not like it ; but if our soldiers in time of peace had more useful employment their muscles would probably be in far better order, either for a long march or a charge. We commend, therefore, the employment of the sappers, but, ac cording to our present information, cannot com mend the terms or even the occasion of their em ployment. ROYAL NATIONAL LIFEBOAT INSTI- TUTION. A meeting of this institution was held yesterday, at its house, John-street, Adelphi, Capt. Sir E. Per rott, Bart., vice president of the institution, in the chair. There were also present Montague Gore, Esq., Capt. lie St. Croix, Capt. Washington, R.N.. F.R.S., hydrographer of the Admiralty, and other gentlemen. Mr. Lewis, the secretary, read the minutes of the previous meeting. A reward of 10s. was voted to the crew of the Lowestoft lifeboat, which is in connection with the institution, for putting off and saving the crew of eight men of the French brig St. Michel, of Marans, from Christiana, which during a gale of wind was wrecked on the Holm Sand, on the 25th ult. The sea was breaking heavily over the wreck at the time the poor men were taken off, but the lifeboat being managed skilfully by her intrepid crew no life was fortunately lost. The Alinouth lifeboat, on the Northumberland coast, belonging to the institution, had also been instrumental in saving, on Friday last, a man who, whilst bathing, had been carried out to sea by a heavy back surf. The promptitude with which the lifeboat was taken out of the boathouse and launched on the occasion, elicited the admiration of all who witnessed the operation. The lifeboat of the institution stationed at Cam ber, near Rye, was also reported to have rendered, on the 28th ult., some service to the emigrant ship Oithona, from London, which had gone on shore near Jury's Gap. A reward of £6 was also voted to the crew of the Arklow lifeboat, which also belongs to the in stitution, for putting off, on the night of the 22d ult., in reply to a signal of distress from a vessel which was dragging her anchor, and in danger of grounding on an outlying sandbank. The lifeboat remained by the vessel until the next morning, when, the,weather having moderated, she got out of danger, and proceeded on her voyage. The silver medal of the institution was presented to James Tooney, in testimony of his gallant exer tions in wading into the surf, at the peril of his life, and afterwards assisting to save the mate of the schooner Industry, of Whitehaven, which, during a heavy gale2of wind, was wrecked off Kingstown, on the Irish coast, some time since. Lieut. Hutchin son, R.N., harbour master at Kingstown, was also thanked for his valuable services on that occasion. THE SUS, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, AUG TST 2, 1861. LiiTET NEWS TURIN, AUG. 1. The Italia of to-day says :—" The Archbishop of Naples has been removed as a precautionary measure." TURIN, AUG. 1. A despatch received from General Cialdini an nounces that during the last three days the reac tionists have attempted a combined and simul taneous movement in several provinces, but have been everywhere defeated. In the provinces of Terra di Bari, Otranto, and in the Basilicata and. Capitanata many reactionists were killed. General Cialdini says :—" Our losses are insigni ficant. The morale of the National Guard has been raised, they having sustained the brunt of the engagements. " An attempted invasion of Sore, on the Roman frontier, has been repulsed. "We have arrested Quatrebarbes, of the Papal army, and two acolytes who have been staying at Naples. I have ordered them to quit the country. "The disbanded soldiers are returning by hun dreds. Two days more of good fortune and we are masters of the situation." CRACOW, AUG. 1. The Czas of to-day publishes n ews from Warsaw, according to which the office of Governor-General of Poland will be suppressed, and General Lam bert, the military governor, will be entrusted with the portfolio of the Interior. It is also asserted that General Liprandi will be appointed Comman der-in-Chief of the army of the kingdom of Poland, and M. Wieiopolski President of the Council of State. The celebration of any more funeral services in honour of the late Prince Adam Czartoryski has been prohibited at -Warsaw. MADRID, Auci. 1. The Madrid papers assert that anarchy and dis• order reign in Morocco. They mention the assas sination of six rich Moorish travellers by the Kabyles of Vadras, and state that the crime re mains unpunished. The following despatch from the Swiss Minister at Turin to the Federal Council has been received : " TURIN, JULY 19. The Building trades on strike seem to have a pretty clear case in the complaint with which they went on Wednesday to the New Secretary for War. Whatever opinion may be held on the wisdom or folly of the strike, no one will deny that the Go vernment ought to keep scrupulously clear of the slightest interference, however indirect. When large bodies of men are angry with each other, it is the duty of the Government to protect by the uttermost powers of law every individual from violence and insult, but there its duties terminate ; if a single mason choses to work on terms with all the masons in the kingdom repudiate, let the law enable him to work unimpeded, and in freedom from insult ; and so long as the majority do not attack individual freedom let their own freedom be also fully respected. But if the facts stated by the deputation to Sir G. C. LEWIS be really facts, the Government is vir tually using its vast powers against the majority — the men on strike—in the case of the Chelsea Bar racks. Mr. HIGGS, the contractor, determined to adopt the hour system—that is, not literal payment by:the hour, but paying the men by the day accord ing to the number of hours they chose to make the day. Ait first sight this scheme seems the most equitable mode conceivable of settling the ques tion of the length of the day. It would give to each man what he had earned, and would leave to all who preferred, as they say, self-improvement to long hours, the option of taking it. The Trades' Unions, however, strongly object to it. It would destroy a great part of the power they now possess to order strikes at pleasure, and entails, they say, some other consequences in regard to overtime, which, however, the masters deny. Be all this as it may, the Unions have ordered a strike against the system, and Mr. HIGGS having adopted it, ought, of course, to be left to fight it out with his men. He had a perfect right to adopt the hour system—they had a perfect right to refuse to accept it. Mr. HIGGS, however, was working for the Government, and to the Government forth with he applies to supply the place of his seceding workmen. He obtains all the sappers and miners he desires, and if any of them do not like the work he is able to have others marched into their place. If the work be one of urgency the public can have nothing more to say. The national business could not wait on the dispute. But otherwise, and we have seen no case of emergency made out, the Government was using its compulsory powers to give Mr. HIGGS an advantage over his men. If the Government. is in the habit of allowing the Sappers and Miners to earn extra pay in this way, and if it be a purely voluntary act of the men to accept Mr. HIGG'S offers, we do not know that any objection could be made to it. But even then there ought to be no favouritism ; if Mr. HIGGS can have the men, every contractor ought to be allowed to have them too, to any extent not injurious to the discipline of the service. The deputation, however, made statements, which, if true, show that Mr. HIGGS had been a great gainer by getting the Sappers and Miners. He was paying his hands who struck six shillings a day. But he paid the War-office only 4s. Bd. per man, saving thereby, of course, ls. 4d. each. And as the Sappers and Miners are, we believe, all well trained hands, he must be a great gainer. The Sappers received, it was stated, only 2s. 4d. out of the 4s. Bd. earned by them ; but we presume that the Govern meat takes the half in consideration of pay or rations furnished to the men. We can hardly think the 1 Go vernment would make a pecuniary gain of its soldiers' labours. Sir G. C. LEWIS told the deputation, what we may be sure is the truth, that the Government had no thought whatever of interfering in the dispute between masters and men; their only object had been to expedite the completion of the work. If the neutrality had been violated, it was uninten tionally ; and he ass ure d the deputation, without pledging the Government to any course, that dili gent inquiry should be made, and what bad been stated receive the careful attention of the Govern ment.be safely enough left The matter may in Sir G. C. LEWIS'S hands. One thing we think should be specially guarded against—if the case be one of emergency neither the trades nor the public will desire that the work should be stopped, but then, neither the contractor, nor the Government ought to gain one penny by the employment of the Sappers. The contractor ought rather to lose by it since he will escape penalties for breach of con tract, and the Government ought to gain not/1111$ It_ was reported that the institution had sent, during the past month, a new lifeboat and tran sporting carriage to St. Ives, Cornwall. The ex pense of the boat (£180) was the munificent gift to the society of a lady who had previously given the institution t le value of the lifeboats at New Quay, in Cornwall, Buckie, in Scotland, and Tyrella, in Ireland. The lady had herself witnessed some dis tresssing shipwrecks from which life had been lost from the want of a lifeboat. Lifeboats were also ready to be sent by the in stitution to Southport, Scarborough, and Aberyst with. Lifeboats were also building for several other places. The expense of these numerous life boat establishments pressed heavily on the fends of the institution. The average cost of a lifeboat sta tion, including boat and equipments, transporting carriage, and boathouse, was said to be £450. The society had eight or nine such establishments now completing. Independently of these heavy de mands, the large and increasing charges on its lifeboat stations situate on various parts of the coasts of the United Kingdom, entailed great ex penses on the institutign ; but the committee felt persuaded that a work so philanthropic and na tional in its character would not be allowed by the British public to languish for lack of funds . It was paid that Earl Russell had been one of the vice-presidents of the National Lifeboat Institution, and a liberal annual subscriber to its funds since its first establishment. It was also stated that a legacy of £lOO from the late T. F. Hemington,Esq., of Uplyme, and 'one of £5O from the late E. Cuthbert, of Cheapside, had been received by the institution during the past month. Vice-Admiral Sir Jas. Hope, K.C.8., had sent . - from Hong Kong a very liberal donation of £5O to the institution, and the Royal Yacht Squadron had decided to increase their subscription to £lO a year. Payments amounting to nearly £l,OOO havitig been made on various lifeboat establishments, the proceedings closed. THE LATE DUCHESS OF KENT.—The remains of her late Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent were yester day removed in the strictest privacy from St. George's Chapel, Windsor, to the mausoleum erected in the grounds at Frogmore, attended by Colonel the Lord James Murray, the Dean of Windsor, the Hon. Spencer Ponsonby, and Mr. Seabrook. Mr. Juland Danvers, of the India-office, has been appointed by the Secretary of State for India in Council to succeed the late Sir .Tames C. Melvill, K.C.8., as Govern ment Director of the Indian Railway Companies. FETE IN THE PREMIER'S PARK.—Lord Palmer ston's splendid estate at Broadlands was the scene of great festivity on Wednesday, his lordship having gene rously given permission to the committee and members of the Southampton Polytechnic Institution to hold a grand fete in his grounds on that occasion. It was estimated that there were 3,000 or 4,000 persons present from Southamp ton, Romsey, Winchester, Salisbury, and the adjacent vil lages, and the weather being very fine, all enjoyed themselves, to their heart's content in one of the most delightfully situate of the many noble estates belonging to the aristo cracy of this country. Every portion of the park, flower gardens, and pleasure grounds was thrown open to the visitors. The fine bands of the 2d (Southampton) and the 11th (Romsey) Rifle Volunteers were in attendance, and dancing on the green sward, boat racing on the river Test, which flows through the park, footracing, and divers other amusements, even including the eccentricities of " Mr. Punch" and his colleagues, were provided and sustained with unflagging spirit. An electric telegraph was also erected in the park, and the photographer's art found a temporary home under canvass, both of these attractions to the scientifically inclined being well employed during the afternoon. At 3 o'clock a good party of the committee and other gentlemen dined together in a handsome tent, the president of the institution, Mr. J. It. Stebbing, F.A.S., occupying the chair. _ _ TIIE CROPS IN IRELAND.—The Northern Whig, referring to the reports of its correspondents on the subject of the potato crop, some isolated cases of disease having produced anxiety among the farmers in Ulster, proceeds— " We still incline to the conviction that the Irish potato crop of 1861 will be the finest we hare seen for a quarter of a century, and that the yield will be abundant in quantity and of excellent quality. A return of fine weather for a month would make the fortune of the Irish farmer. All other crops are flourishing apace. Some flax is laid by the heavy rains, and in white wheat a few cases of rust are re ported. The wet weather has caused a heavy return from the meadows, and hay will be abundant. The yield of oats and straw will be profuse, if we have sun to ripen it, and fodder will, in that case, be very cheap next session. All root crops are reported as in most luxuriant condition." THE LIVERPOOL DOCKS AND THE MERSEY SHIPPING.—With a view to relieve the great pressure for accommodation in the Liverpool docks, the Mersey Dock Board, at their meeting yesterday, adopted such a scale of charges, as would induce vessels lying by idle, or for sale, to be taken over to Birkenhead docks, and create an addi tional space at the disposal of Birkenhead from the Liver pool side. A rate of 2d. per ton upon ships lying by after three months was adopted for the Liverpool docks, whereas at Birkenhead the rate was reduced to id. per ton per week. ERITII SUNDAY SCHOOL FESTIVAL. The teachers and scholars of the Sunday-schools, belonging to the Congregational Church, Erith, held their annual fes tival on Wednesday last, in Belvidere Park, the seat of Sir Culling E. Eardley, Bart., who kindly appropriated it for the occasion. The Rev. Samuel March, who has just com pleted the second year of his ministry, at Erith, was most indefatigable in his exertions to promote the comfort and happiness of the children, of whom a very large number with their friends, and the principal inhabitants of the locality were present. Tea, cake, &c., with amusements of all descriptions were provided, and the pleasures of the day were greatly enhanced by the Jnv3nile Drum and Fife Band, of Dartford. shiTreacEorreesltpoonPLll3:N saSyos that h E a R t S E t h T e S I c l o l r ß n E .c—r crops a S r 0 0 T o r e w r s a e rd t but are not very good. The present unsettled weather is much against them. Potatoes are remarkably good, and are in many cases turning out quite equal to the old style of production, of 120 to 130 sacks an acre. There has been nothing like it since the disease first appeared. The dis ease has, however, made its appearance this season in a few places, '• Monsieur la President,—l regret to have to in form you that Baron Ricasoli, Minister for Foreign Affairs, has announced to me the determination of the Italian Government to withdraw the permission accorded to the Swiss lately in the service of Francis 11. to remain at Naples, notwithstanding that it was one of the conditions of the capitulation of Gaeta. General Cialdini and M. Ponza di San Martino had demanded the withdrawal of this per mission, because they felt assured that it would bring our countrymen into trouble, the animosity of the people designating them as the former and probably future agents of Francis 11. "I have energetically protested against this reso lution, and have written a letter to that effect to the Minister, a copy of which I enclose. Unhappily, I fear that our countrymen sometimes manifest their sympathies in a very imprudent manner, For in stance, a consul, who is universally known as a re actionist, gave a grand dinner on the day on which he heard of the death of Count Cavour. All the guests who were invited, with the exception of seven or eight Swiss, were wise enough to stay away. " Those who accepted the invitation had evi dently a right to do so, but it was not prudent, considering that at the time Chiavone and his men had taken the field, and the return of the ex-King was daily announced. The Ambassador of the State for which this consul acts has addressed a despatch to his Government on the subject, in which he severely censures the conduct of the con sul. This despatch was given me to read.—Re ceive, &e. " A. TOURTE." A passage in the letter from the Swiss Minister to Baron Ricasoli, referred to in the above, runs thus : " M. le President,—Allow me to say that, with out the two resolutions of the Federal Assembly which cancelled the capitulation and the military service of the Swiss abroad, it may be doubted whether the revolution which has united the Two Sicilies to Italy would have taken such an easy course. Italy has therefore but to thank Switzer land, which did not hesitate to sacrifice the in terests of 15,009 of her countrymen to the Liberal cause." CONSTANTINOPLE, AUG. 1. General Ignatieff has had an audience of the Sultan, and presented to his Majesty an autograph letter of congratulation on his accession from the Emperor of Russia. Aali Pasha has given a grand dinner in honour of General Ignatieff, who leaves on Saturday next. Yesterday the Sultan received Sir Henry Bulwor. General Codrington is exper:ted here. He comes to congratulate the Sultan, in the name of Queen Victoria, on his accession. The Grand Vizier and Aali Pasha have received a deputation from Moldo-Wallachia. Moncktar has been dismissed. Officers have been sent into the provinces on a tour of inspection. A treaty of commerce has been signed between Turkey and Italy. The emigration of Circassians and Tartars con- tinues. SOUTHAMPTON, FRIDAY, AUG. 1. The United States steamer Arago, from New York on the 20th ult., with the mails for England and France, has arrived off the Needles. FRANCE. PARIS, THURSDAY. BOURSE, August I.—Business has been almost entirely confined to the arrangements consequent on the settlement of the monthly account, which has gone on without difficulty. Prices have varied but slightly from those of yesterday. Threes, for the Account, are now at 67f 85c., and for the end of the month GBf. sc. Railways quiet, but firm. The following are the last quotations :- 41 per per Cents ... 97 90 I Credit Fancier llBO Do end month.... 97 75 Belgian 4i lOO 50 3 per Cents Do. end month 6B 05 Roman Bank Shares ...... 2885 Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 671 25' Spanish Threes - Do. Account 672 501 Home Debt .. 46 50 RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1395 .. 1397 b 0 Northern New ditto 9OO .. 901 25 Lyons and Mediterranean 990 .. 992 50 Geneva 347 50 .. 348 75 Southern 595 .. 696 25 Western Eastern .... .... 572 50 .. 673 75 Sardinian Austrian Lombard ITALY. The Punyolo of Alilan publishes a letter from Rome, in which the following curious but unau thenticated account is given of the interview be tween the Pope and Fiere Jacques, Count Cavour's confessor :—" His Holiness, on receiving him, sum moned him in a severe tone to give an exact account of his conduct at the time of Count Cavour's death. Frere Jacques did so, concluding with the decla ration that what he had done he bad done in an Constantinople letters and journals tithe 24th July have reached us. The Lavant Herald pub lishes the following:— " Amongst the myriad other abuses which grew into established system at the Ministry of War under the regime of Riza Pacha, was the enrolment as officers of many hundreds of his own and his friends' pipe -bearers, cavejees, boys, and other de pendants, with every rank from lieutenant up to that of colonel. It is needless to say that these gentry neither understood nor rendered military service, but they nevertheless drew pay and ra tions more regularly by far than the most de serving subalterns or field-officers in the corps d'armee of Roumelia, Irak, or Arabistan. Such, too, was the case with scores of juvenile sons of the disgraced Minister's partisans. Crowds of these unfledged warriors held the rank of bimbashi, caimacam, and even mir-allai, and drew both the pay and rations of their grades. At one fell swoop Namik Pasha has annihilated this whole army of parasites—sending the chibouquejees and cavejees back to their pipe-sticks and flinjans, the boys—to whatever they are fit for, and the sons, to the proper charges of their fathers. It is reckoned that no fewer than a thousand " officers" have been thus at once got rid of. Besides this important elimination, the numerous body of offi cers, native and foreign, who are not engaged in active service, are to be at once placed on half pay without rations, the latter being allowed' only to those of them who have been twenty years on the muster-rolls of the army. Similar weeding is to take place amongst all the civil employes of the department, which will result in the clearance of several hundreds of useful kiatibs and other subordinate sinecurists. In addition to these wholesome changes, the new minister has already abolished the system of ultimas, or recommendations, by which the most worthless of the classes of officers above referred to passed at once over the heads of the most deserving who did not happen to possess the vicious influence by which these passports to promotion were obtained. The whole system of contracts is also to undergo the most radical changes, after the accomplishment of which such jobs as public rumour lays to the joint ac count of Mr. Falanga and the late head of the de partment will, it is hoped, be no longer possible. Besides these important reforms in the central administration—the total of which will, it is reckoned, effect a saving of 35,000,000 p. a year —confidential commissioners are to be sent to the head-quarters of the various corps d'armee, to as certain by direct comparison of the regimental muster-rolls with the men actually under arms, the exact effective strength of each regiment, division, and corps d'armee. In those of Irak and Arabistan, enormous discrepancies between the late Seraskier's returns to the Grand Council and the force positively under arms in these two corps are expected to be discovered. In both of them the actual will, it is believed, be found to be short of the nominal strength by fully one third.—Such are a few of the wholesome reforms inaugurated by the new Minister." CIRCASSIA. The following interesting letter is taken from the Levant .Herald " Adriba, June 29. " On the 11th of Tune 3,000 Russians left Aboun kalessi to proceed to Soudjouk-Kalessi. informed of this movement, the Circassians assembled to the number of 8,200, and in two days marched for 40 hours, having attacked the enemy, who did not expect to be encountered. They beat and pursued them to Galendjike-Guba, until they entered the fortress of Soudjouk-Kalessi. During this combat of three days, the Russians lost in killed and wounded more thau 1,000 men. Besides those which they succeeded in interring, we have dis covered 77 bodies, among whom were four officers. At Adriba, Galendjike, and Guba we found three or four mounds freshly raised ; the wounded, in consequence of the difficulty of transport, have been sent, by means of steamer, from Galendjik to Soudjouk-Kalessi. If the news of the sortie of the Russians had reached me two days sooner, 1 would have had time to arrive with all my troops, and not a single Russian would have been saved at Soudjouk-Kalessi. But God be praised for what has been done! I found myself with Ibra him Bey at Übassk. The Russian column was commanded by General Ba-bouch ; we have taken from the enemy two ammunition waggons. Our loss in all has been one dead and seven wounded. The Russians burned at Adriba three houses and have taken away a goat and horse. On the 15th June another strong Russian column of 3,000 in fantry and cavalry, having left Aboun-Kalessi, were directed towards Chapsoul, Nehri-Bau houdour, Here-Anthy, and Nehri Hable, near the Kouban, to destroy the harvest, by cutting down and trampling over the fields with the horses, in order to force, by f a mine, the popula tion to submit. Immediately seventhoinutsoaralCir cassians fell upon them and threw them com plete rout. The Russians with difficulty trans ported 800 wounded to Adagoun-Kal numberssi,abandonof ing on the field of battle a considerable dead. Our loss amounte d to 14 killed, 27 wounded, and and 59 horses killed. On the 25th a third R uss i an column, composed of infantry and cavalry with waggons , proceeded to cut down the pr a i rie Circassians gave them time to finish this work, and at the moment when, after having loaded the waggons,the a Russians a ed stehm prepared e 300 s horsemene who , and massac re d a ll h could attacked t n themsely , s. The to Cir cassians found on the ground 240 Russians killed; they haye killed 124 oxen, 140 saddle hors% all c On the 16th 800 Federal troops went up ahead of the passenger train as far as Millville, 3 0 miles above St. Charles, on the North Missouri Railroad, where the track was torn up. The Federal troops were fired into, when an engage ment ensued, resulting in the loss of seven Con federates killed and several taken prisoners. One man who was caught with a gun in his hand was immediately hung, and another who attempted to escape was riddled with balls. The fighting still continued when the passenger train passed up. The Federals had lost three killed, seven wounded, and 30 of their horses had been cap tured. On the Ist instant the Montgomery (Alabama) City Council adopted the following resolution :-- " That a tax be and is hereby levied on all property belonging to alien enemies living out of the Confederate States, both real and personal, said tax to amount to 5 per cent. on assessed value of real estate in the city limits, on per sonal property, consisting of negroes, a tax of 20 dols. on negro men, 100 dols. on women, 5 dols. on children, and where it consists of stock in corporations, a tax of 8 per cent., and that the clerk be instructed to collect said tax." PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Miss Louisa Angel, the daughter of the veteran come dian, Mr. Angel, made her are', appearance last evening at this theatre, in the part of Clara Douglas, in Sir E. B. Lytton's comedy of " Money." The character does not demand very great exertion, yet it is one admirably suited to a young and juvenile actress making her first appear ance before a London audience. That such an one was chosen by Miss Angel shows great modesty as well as good taste on her part, and the result must be gratifying to herself and pleasure to her father. In appearance Miss Angel is very prepossessing. She is young, has a fine mellow voice, her countenance is radiant with beauty, sensibility and intel ligence; added to which her manner is graceful, easy, and ladylike. As an actress she exhibits the greatest ease and self-control, which is somewhat remarkable in s° young an artiste, - and from he; essay last evening the brightest hopes may be held out for the future. Mr. H. Vezin's Evelyn was one of the most natural and vigorous performance of the character we have ever seen- We may almost say, as Sir Walter Scott did of Mr. Mackay in the character of Bailie Nicol Jarvie, that ho per s onified the very individual Sir Bulwer Lytton meant when 1 0 wrote the play. At the end of the fourth act he received a well-deserved and enthusiastic call before the curtain. 3 lr' Ryder's Graves was also a very excellent display o f dra matic art; and Mr. Shore's Sir Frederick Blount was a natural and well• conceived bit of acting: Mr. Widdicombe has greatly moderated his embodiment of Benjamin Stout, yet it is still very far from the real idea of the author. A t ' the termination of the comedy Miss Angel, in obedience to most enthusiastic applause, was led forward by Mr. Vezi to acknowledge the compliment. The piece was very tastefully put upon the stage. THE WEATHER. WEATHER PROBABLE TO-MORROW. North Variable, light soo.therly wnd ; fine. East Westerly wind; fine, but variable. West North-westerly, fresh wind ; cloudy. South Southerly, light breezes ; overcast. METEOROLOGICAL REPORTS. This Day, t etween 8 and B. E. M. D. F. C. I. S• 9 a.m. --- Nairn 29'65 59 58 E. 2 9 o. 1 Aberdeen Leith. 29'67 62 58 S.W. 1 8 0. Berwick 29.68 61 57 S. 4 9 o. 2 Ardrossan roan, sh .. Shields Galway 29'55 61 60 W, i 3C. 2 Scarborough 29'84 62 59 S.W. 3 5 c. Liverpool Valentia Queenstown 29'54 62 61 W.S.W . 5 6 o. Yarmouth 29 87 65 64 S.S . E . 2 3 C. - London 29 85 65 61 S. 3 7 C. 2 Lover 29'89 68 64 E.N.E. 3 2 0. 3 Portland Plymouth ... 29'71 GO 69 S.E. 5 7 r. enzance ... : I 29'r.8 61 60 S. 3 8 ' °:____— EXPLANATION.—B. Barometer, corrected and reduced to 32 deg at mean sea level ; each 10 feet of vertical rise causing about 1-100th of an inch diminution, and each 10 leg above 32 deg causing nearly 3-100ths increase. B. Exposed thermometer in shade. M. Moistened bulb (for evaporation and dew-point). D. Direction of wind (true not magnetic). F. Force (1 to 12—estimated). C. Cloud. 1 ,1 to 9). I. Initials :—b,, blue sky; e., clouds (detached) ; C., fog. ' • h,, hail ; 1., light n i ng ; m ., misty (hazy) ; 0., overcast (dull) ; r., rain ; s., snow ' • t., thunder. A letter repeated augments—thus, r.r., much rain. S. Sea disturb. Ince (1 to 9). A CHALLENGE TO VOLUNTEERS.—ALL Scov LAND AGAINST ALL ENGLAND.—The following challenge of all Scotland, I am re q uested t o challenge 11 appears in the Scotch papers :—" On behalf of 11 Volun teerslo shots at 900 y ar d s, w i th any o Volunteers e w o n a g l 1 conditions — viz., England ndi ti on shoot t l a o match shots a f or r 2 70 0 0 0 y g a u r i d n s a l s o , d wthout any artifi c i a l rest or telescop ic sirn ss de scriptionihgoh shots at Too B f o b O re yards for at such ti me and place as the um' pires may appoint. lam prepared to nominate an umpire on the acceptance of this challenge by England. The two umpires nominated may se l ect a third to determine a ll ques tions which may arise. --ROBERT TAYLOR, Hon. Sec. Angus and Mearns Rifle Association, and Scottish Rif le Gathering." OVERLANDexa ry engaged theriXntigPllEtehDe u EXPEDITION FROM CHINA TO INDIA . and the pass es o f th o — lntelligence has just b een rece i ved from Capt. Blakisto n, of r one oal at e say s offrom into a n l exploringChina party uhgehTx e ph n ei cib o v t Royalin examining tion started f rom Shanghai, and proceeded 700 miles u p the y _ Yang-tse river i n th e vesse l s o f the squadron of Admir al Hope. Beyond this point they proceeded in one gunboat and a small iron steamer to Foo-chow, 140 miles above Hankow, where the vessels will remain until the return of the party. Capt. Blakiston is of opinion that the objects of the expedition will not be accomplished until the summer of 1862. At present the party has penetrated to a point beyond any hitherto reached by European travellers. The dis trict around Nankin is wasted by the civil war, which has stopped all trade ; but higher up the Yang-tee river there were indications of great contentment and prosperity, the stream being crowded with junks, and the adjacent country being thickly populated. Captain Blakiston has also for warded to Mr. -Whiteley, of Woolwich, cases containing birds shot on the upper reaches .of the river, including the eagle, harrier, cormorant, kite, grebe, pheasant, &c., which will be deposited in the Royal Az tillery Institution. honest and Christian-like manner. The Pope was not of this opinion, declared to him that he had erred, and called upon him to confess this error formally and publicly. To this Frere Jacques re spectfully but firmly replied :—‘ Holy Father, I am conscientiously convinced that I have done my duty, and not committed any error, and I cannot therefore Make the declaration you require; and let me add that I am so sure of Count Cavour's having per formed his duties as a Christian, that I wish all my parishioners may follow his example.' On hearing this, Pius IX. delivered the reverend . friar into the hands of the General of his order, who, after renew ing the Pontiff's injunction, threatened him with the rigour of the Inquisition if he persisted in his refusal." GARIBALDI. Garibaldi has addressed the following letter to he Countess d'Ora d'lstria, nee Princess Ghika : " Caprera, July 16. " Madame,--I have read with admiration and gratitude your charming letter; it strengthens in me the opinion I have long entertained that woman is called by Providence to play the first part in the emancipation of oppressed nationalities and in the annihilation of despotism. You are right, Madame, the Papacy is the most horrible plague that my poor country is afflicted with ; eighteen centuries of falsehood, persecution, and burning at the stake, in complicity with all the tyrants of Italy, rendered the plague incurable. At present as heretofore this vampire of the land of the Scipios supports its body, which is corrupted and eaten up by gangrene, by means of discord, reaction, pillage, and civil war ; and it affords a pretext for keeping per manently in Italy a foreign army which by its in fluence prevents a generous nation from constituting itself. Hungary is at the present moment in a very delicate situation. The Hungarian people, who on the field of Italian liberty have cemented their fraternal alliance with us, well deserve the co-operation of the nations of Eastern Europe, whose cause is identical with theirs. The Servians, Croats, and Dalmatians have adhered to the national aspi ration of the Magyars. The Moldo-Wailachians ought to imitate that example, and I entertain the full conviction that you will exercise your high influence over your countrymen to draw closer the paternal ties which ought henceforth to unite the Eastern races with the sister races of the Centre and West of Europe. When nations shall love each other and be in accord, as required by the laws of Christ and of humanity, they will realise the dreams of happiness in which I have indulged at all the epoehs of my life. " G. GARIBALDI." TURKEY. the loaded waggons, 700 carbines, 500 muskets and a canine drawn by four horses, with the com mandant of the column and his aide-de-camp. The Circassians had one killed and six wounded." AMERICA. LIVERPOOL, THURSDAY. The Canadian Mail steamship North Briton, which touched at Londonderry yesterday, with ad vices to the 20th, has arrived. The House of Representatives had adopted a resolution authorising Mr. Van Wyck's Committee to inquire into every contract made during this war by any department of the Government. The Com mittee is to remain in session during the interim of the meetings of Congress. A Washington despatch says that the Tariff Bill was meeting with unexpected opposition in the House. The duties recommended by the Com mittee of Ways and Means on sugar, coffee, and tea would probably be reduced. Senator Simmons is reported to have prepared an entirely new Tariff Bill, which he proposes to offer as a substitute for the House Bill raising the duties 10 per cent. on all articles where the duty will not exceed 50 per cent. Pennsylvania had offered 15 additional regimen ts for the Federal service. On the 16th the Federal army, 15,000 strong► moved towards Winchester, and encamped on Bunker's-hill for the night, after a slight skiraush with a small body of rebel cavalry. On the 16th the advance guard entered Fairfax, after remov ing a number of trees with which the Confederates had blocked up the road. An embankment which the Confederates had thrown up was found aban doned. The people of Fairfax stated that the Con federates drew up in order of battle as if prepared to defend the town, but suddenly retreated with considerable hurry. The entry of the Federal troops gave the town a gay appearance. Advises from Fort Monroe to the 17th state that two Confederate steamers had landed troops at Sewell's Point, where apparently formidable pre parations were being made to annoy the Federal shipping, and perhaps the fortress itself. The Quaker City had captured the brig Amy Warwick, from Rio Janeiro for Hampton Roads, and taken her into Boston. The captured vessel was laden with coffee. According to a despatch from Memphis of the 17th, the Confederate cruiser Sumter had entered Berwick Bay, with a cargo of 55,000 Enfield rifles and rifled cannon, taken from an English ship boand to New Orleans, which had been ordered away from the Belize by the blockading squadron. Itio 181 41( to and fall Loi Inc g5~ 4