The Sun. — London, England, 1827-12-12 00:00:00

' I '~ w • • : , • •,,• .• • ',7..',..;::.<.-.•:'-.•:::',r1-•-•,..-:"'-•:W;,•-1...:;:.-- '•,,,‘'', :*, ' •••• • , 'e.-1,!•:,'''.'.'":•;•:';',!',....::-.*::':.'•-•••:'.‘-,.7.-,:".,:',: 4,.1.'.-,..',."„.•.„',..i...,,, . T : '.', ~: ...' • , . , . ...„..., .. . ' • ... r.2'.• .'" .. . . -- ... . '':.. , .:=. 11. , -..' • XPIRIT op 'Hid PUBLIC JOURNALS. It would appear, from the representetious of the Pctersburgh Gazette (Noy... V), that the Persian war must, by this time ) have terminated successfully for Russia. Ort the 13th of October, a Russian corps, under Prince Eiistoff, entered Tauris, the royal residence of Abbas Mirza, without opposition. Alaiar Khan, Prime Minister of the Schale and suppoeed to be the chief instigator of the war, was deserted by his troops, and taken prisoner by the Cossacks. The artillery, ammunition, and military stw s of the Persian Ptince, placed in magazine P + Teftris, fell into the hands of the Russians. It Is added, that the messenger who carted the intelli gence of these events to General Paskewitsch, was instantly followed by another from Abbas Mirza, begging that the General would repair to the Prince's head-cesarters, and enter into an immediate negociation. Thins ends, in all probability, this un equal contest. 'The resistance offered occasionally, and once or twice effectually, by the Persians, was not sustained by any apparent science or system on the part of the Chiefs. Irregular bravery, and dis affection to their Government, were poor qualifica-1 times wherewith to combat the well-organised, pa tient, and devoted battalions of the Imperial at my; and it must be added, that for aught we tan discover from such facts as have yet come to light, the justice of the Persian cause in the present case has not merited any more triumphant issue.— The obvious remark has not escaped our beether Journalists—that Russia, released from this opera tion against the Schah, will be able to press with undivided vigour upon Turhs.y. There is no ques tion, that - with or without a Persian war, the Em peror Nicholas has treble the military force under his orders which would be sufficient to reach the walls of Constantinople, in spite of all the efforts of the Tutks, if resistance by force of arms were all that he had to encounter. But how is such an invasion to be realized, without immense supplies of every article requisite for the consumption of an army, on a soil where nothing in the shape of subsistence is pro duced ? And how are such provisions to be made, withoutlarge pecuniary resources? So great a dis proportion is there between the aggressive powers of Russia and those which she can exercise in self defence, that although it is evident from recent experience, how little she has to fear from a foreign attack, where the whole of continental Europe is united against her, there is none among the superior States of the Continent less formidable in the cha racter of an 0 . - s9ailant. We doubt whether Russia could sup_ Isort for two campaigns, beyond her own frontka, an army of 80,000 men ; and Turkey is a region where she could not move a step but by virtue of stores and provisions brought from within her, own territory. It is, indeed, rumoured that in contemplation of the prospect of some military at tempt beyond the Pruth, the Cabinet of St. Peters burgh has already become sensible of the import ance of securing, if possible, a subsidy ) emt from Great Britain of course , i n the lamentable state of our public finances and pressure of the national debt; but still a rumour is in circulation, that a subsidy from some quarter would. be acceptable : and whe ther this rumour be true or false, it is no uncom fortable symptom, to some of the neighbours of Russia, that such a notion is entertained by her, or wants 6Q tmremoveable Prom the printed circulars which have been sent to as, we perceive that most of the parishes in the neighbourhood of the Metropolis, in consequence of the frequent depredations committed upon property, are about to hold meetings for the purpose of con sidering plans for the formation of Associations for the Prevention of Crime and Prosecution of Of fenders. The Meeting of the Inhabitants of South Lambeth, Clapham, Stockwell, &c. held last week, seems to have been the signal for the other Districts. These efforts on the part of the people to discover, if possible, some means of securing themselves against depredation, have not been begun before they were called for, as it is well known that the trade of thieving and housebreaking has long been carried on in the parishes in the neighbouthood of the Me tropolis without let or hindrance. In short, the thieves have only had to determine the point to be attacked; the result was almost a matter of cer tainty. It is well observed by a contemporary (The Examiner) ' " these people of South Lamb e th, Stockwell and Clapham, are, in the most thickly in habited part of the county of Surrey, and the second quarter of the nineteenth century, taking the first step in civilization in apparent unconsciousness that they live under the most expensive Govern ment that ever extended its blessings to a highly taxed and ill-served people. We make no doubt that these poor unprotected people of South Lambeth, Stockwell, and Clapham, are utterly igno rant that it is the object and end of Government to do that for them which they are with such beauti ful simplicity planning . to accomplish for themselves. If asked the purpose of a Government, they would answer that a Government was intended to support the King and all the rest of the Royal Family, to be a reason for Government houses, Government offices, palaces, barracks, navies tnd armies, places, pensions, and sinecures ; but that it had nothing whatever to do With the Security of citizens, and the coercion of rogues. We send ships full of fighting men against pirates in the West Indies, navies against disorderly Turks in the Mediterranean, and we grudge a few scores of patrols to keep in check a population of greater robbers and ruffians than these in the very heart of our metropolis. What a grand accession to the strenigth of our Police would be the force of a single regiment of infantry ! At its cost, what an efficient body of patrols,-&c. might be maintained ! But. the protection of the people from violence at home is a matter of no concern ; the pretext of pro tecting them from possible violence from abroad is every thing. What a blessing it would be had we Codringtous about the Strand and Cheapside, to range alongside and fall aboard pickpockets, as our Admiral proceeded with the' Turks. Our happi ness, of a truth, is not domestic. The Grand Seignor is not suffered to commit a breach of the peace in Greece, without being instantlyfioored by our nautical police : were he to come over here, however, professionally, he might, if he was so in clined, steal the Crown jevt els from King George's Crown with tolerable safety, or pick the eyes out of his head, and offer him a pair of spectacles as a com promise. Every thing is possible to a regular thief in England." It is 'curious that while the people in the neighbourhood of London are thus casting about them in their despair, ready to grasp at any project, as shipwrecked mariners eagerly lay hold of every thing within their reach, an experienced Ma gistrate of the county of Warwick, who informs us that during the last seven years only he has tried above two thousand criminals for petty offences alone, Sir Eardley Eardley Wilmot, Bart. F. R. S. F.L.S. and F.S.A., has addressed a letter to the Magistrates of England, in which he attributes the prevalence of crime chiefly to the means recom mended for adoption in the metropolitan districts. If any man with a contriving head were to occupy himself with the devising of a system for the culti vation of crime, we defy him to strike out one better adapted for that object than the law of England. By a multiplicity of ingenious contrivances, the lower orders are constantly exposed to the risk of contact with hardened criminals, and their repugnance to crim e being in this manner either overcome or greatl y diminished, their hopes are fixed by the chums ' of impunity presented to daring and success ful criminals, esp ecially where success has presented them with the means of comvianding the aid of Counsel. Si r B. E. Wilmot, after noticing a num ber of circumstances, owing to which the law in this country i t " holds out little or no terrors," ob serves, 46 Another g rea t a uxiliary to crime, inasmuch as it has filled our gaols with petty offenders, vvhe. leave their i Dr w ent of . - " n accomplished thieves, is the pay.; expend to thou w ho bring offenders to justice , Offenses o f the most trifling nature, an d ; ; t enmro.t..e me . r .° j l llll ,dren. are now brought before t he public with u °t the greatest turpi-. , e' Th e trouble, the exp en • , • perhaps, feel np of CQW11"1"Itc nat ure, Cf‘"aged the I'9 liPg! ,„ and thoughtless from being sent among the more hardened offenders. A first offence frequently saved the young culprit from being treated with the same rigour, whkh the repeated transgressions of the ex perienced villain deserved ; and the little wretch; who, by timely and judicious correction, might have become a valuable member of society, is now sent to associate with the veteran proficients in their profes sion. Such is . the certainty of having all the ex pences attending a prosecution defrayed by the pub lic purse, thtd an Assize or a Sessions partake more of a jaunt of pleasure than the performance of a se rious and painful duty ; and the stealing of any article, however ti ifling, or however youth ful the offender, is attended by ail . the pomp of judicial exposure. .• • • • • • • As a proof that the certainty of funds has tended to inctttse prosecutions, I will instance the effects pro duced by a late enactment, empowering the payment of expellees in assaults on constables in execution of their duty. Previous to this ett#thient, not above once or twice a year Were such indictments pre ferred, and then only in aggravated cases. Whereas , now, not a Sessions pass, but there are many such cases, all of which would have been treated as here tofore by the contempt they merittll, but for the remuneration expected. An'ether auxiliary to crime is, what may appear at first sight a paradox, but which has tnd'Oubtedly a great effect in swelling the catalq,,erle of offenders—l mean the efficiency of the police for the detection of crime; however efficient they may be for the detection of offenees, yet for the prevention of them they - are lamentably deficient. The object of all laws is the prevention of crime; and this is the justification of all earthly punishment, in order to deter others from committing a breach of the laws. The prevention of intended crime, there fore, is of more importance than its detection after committal; but when do we hear of a Police-officer standing between the intention and the act ? On the other hand, if An urchin is looking about and watch ing for All opportunity, instead of timely information wheueby the authority of the master or of the parent might interfere, the first step of the Police-officer is to see - that the crime is sufficiently perpetrated to convict the offender: . . While our population has increased only one-fiftla in the last ten years, the committals for felony have doubled. To what are we to attribute this disproportionate increase of of fences ? To what paramount and irresistible cause are we to place the demoralization of the people ? To what but to the destroying, at an age when the dawn of reason has scarcely opened upon their men tal darkness, those feelings of shame and compunc tion which are the natural accompaniments of youth, but to which human nature too frequently yields a temporary obedience, even greater than to the dic tates of conscience at a more advanced age ? It is to the early imp rionment of mere children, and the familiarising them within the walls of a prison, which lay the foundation of that hardihood in crime, which we in vain attempt afterwards to remedy and pre vent." The whole tendency of the English Law is, as we have said, to draw people in, as it were, to become criminals. The Statute Book is filled with sleeping laws, which any one may waken for the purpose of annoying a poor man. Then the popu lation are consigned to the discretion of the worst description of Magistracy any country was ever cursed with (a Magistracy without any qualification but the possession of property, and protected by law in the exercise of the wildest freaks of discretion, and parties in most of the cases coming tinder their cognizance) ; so that the fate of the poor may he said to be entirely dependent on the caprice of the Justices— the exaction of bail for misdemeanours, which has the effect of crowding our prisons for months with per sons charged with trumpery offences; these and numberless circumstances, too obvious to require to be detailed at present, familiarise the people with punishment, and deprive it of its terrors, while they render the population indifferent to crime. But, as if all these causes were insufficient, a barbarors and unfeeling Aristocracy, through their mad but wicked endeavours to monopolize the game of the country, have, leagued all that constitutes the strength and boast of this great and civilized country, namely, the inhabitants of towns, hi a grand system of 4,....L;zi, - . - ment to the violation of the law, in order to obtain their fair share of v. ild animals; through which system the peasantry of the country, the instruments for procuring the supply through the violation of the law, are gradually matured into the most hardened criminals. Sir E. E. Wilmot adds his testimony to numberless others, that " poaching is one of the greatest of the auxiliary causes of crime, and is often the first step on the ladder which leads to the gal lows;" and he asks, " by supporting the laws of his exclusive monopoly, is he (the game preserver) not affording an excuse to the merchant or fundholder to purchase those delicacies of the season which none can sell him but by a breach of the laws ? . . It is an indisputable fact, that nine out of ten of those criminals who are annually tried at our bars for theft and robbery, begin with poaching;" that is, are made criminals by the Legislators of the country. By all these devices, we have a large part of our po pulation initiated in crime, and skilled in all its mys teries. The law is only efficacious in taxing the community for the formation of criminals, through premature imprisonments and punishments, effi cacious only in encouraging to crime, but it is powerless against those whom it has once trained. Here is the difficulty, and it is one which the en deavours of the Metropolitan Parishes will not be able to meet. Great rewards will ever defeat the object, because one of the first fruits will be the re newal of the blood-money system, which will revolt the feelings of the community. We shall return to this subject.—Morning Chronicle. The position in which the Administration will stand, when confronted with the Legislature is per haps the most aukward and discreditable ever occu pied by a British Ministry. This Ministry began its career by loud professions of economy, and its efforts were immediately directed, we fear too suc cessfully, to involve the country in a war which can not fail to be expensive, and which can by no possi bility be productive either of glory or advantage; a war by which, whatever success may attend it in a merely military point of view, the character and the interests of England are sure to suffer; a war which is not piratical only because it can yield no spoil; a war which in its principles and its commence ment is worthy only of a government of pi rates, and which will have been undertaken professedly on behalf of a nation of pirates.— This appears 'to be the actual result of the foreign policy of Ministers; nor is its position less discre &table as it respects the domestic policy of the Em pire. There is one great and leading question of domestic policy which divides the Statemen and the whole population of the empire, although in very unequal proportions—the question of the Catholic Claims. A very great majority of the Members of the Cabinet have repeatedly declared their opinion, that the concession of these claims is a measure in dispensible to the welfare and tranquillity of the State. To this opinion they still profess to adhere; and yet the influence and authority of the Cabinet is not to be exerted in Parliament in favour of the measure. A more revolting sacrifice of principle to the love of place, we will venture to say, has'never been exhibited; nor can any thing more degrading to the character of public men be easily imagined. They call themselves Ministers of the Crown, but so far as this question is concerned they lower them selves into the character of slaves of the Crown ; or rather they expose themselves to the contempt of mankind, in regard to all questions in the ambiguous character of half-minister, half-slave. The clearest proof of the total absence of principle is furnished against those upon whom, from their official station, the duty more peculiarly devolves of devising and promoting measures for the internal welfare of the State, if they consent to the neutrality of Govern ment upon the question of claims, the concession of which they, in common with the great majority of their colleagues, deem essential to its domestic peace and prosperity. How, for instance, with any pretensions to honour or conscience, can the Mar quis or Lansdowne have assumed the name and fesP9D3ibilitY of SegficarY ofState fq the LlQine Department in an Administration, of which — the majority thinks, as he does, that the peace and welfare of Ireland depends upon granting the Catholic Claims, and which has determined not withstanding--which holds the reins of Govern ment indeed upon the implied, if not the express, condition—that upon the question of these claims it shall, as an Administration, be entirely neutral ? Who does not see that a Minister so situated is in fact a Minister with his hands tied; that he cannot have any system ; that. his opinions and obligations are in conflict; that ►•onsiatently with both it is im possible for him to move in any direction whatever? And who, we need scarcely ask, but must despise any man, or set of men, who can consent to occupy their situations upon terms so degrading, and so to tally irreconcileable with the dictates of an honour able mind,-11E , rning PO3I, If the Marquis of Lansdowne is not altogether a theoretic Statesman, he will take some vigorous measure to reform the Police, and to recover, for that departnient of our municipal plan of govern ment, the good opinion and confidence of society, which its mal-practiceS have completely destroyed. The audacity with which extensive projects of rob bery are now carried into execution equals any thing of which we read in the most unsettled state of so ciety, and proves that the honesty or the efficiency of the Police is in so low a condition as to be totally inadequate to the performance of those duties which the public have a right to expect. It is told by historians, as a • convincing proof of the ability for government which Alfred the Great displayed, that . in his reign (that is, after the subjugation of the Danes), a purse of gold might be hung up beside the highway without any man but the owner having the hardihood to take it down —now, in our (lays, we apprehend that, notwithstandir the " vast im provements" which the " march of c intellect" has brought about, if such an article were hung up by way of experiment in the most populcius street in London, with a watch-box on each side of it,and a man with a scarlet waistcoat in front, for its protection, it would very soon disappear without any of its official guardians perceiving the sleight-of•hand, by which the quick conveyance was made. Nay, the vicinity of a watch-box would be thought by many, judging from experience, as a sufficient reason for its insecu rity. The instance of the purse of gold, in Alfred's reign is but an exaggerated picture of the protection which property enjoyed under that vigilant and energetic Sovereign. Such an anecdote, however, could not have passed current for a fact, unless the security of property had indeed been in that reign extraordinarily great. In this respect the tenth cen tury had greatly the advantage of the nineteenth; and certainly security of property, or its insecurity, has always been taken as a strong test of the ability or inefficiency of an existing government. With us, as there is a division of labour in all the depart ments of the State, there is less excuse if -the duties of each department are not adequately performed than in those countries where one official personage undertakEs to transact the business of several de partments. The office of Home Secretary, we admit, would require a very assiduous, and perhaps trouble some attention, to make it a's useful to the country as it ought to:be ; but then it has a salary of 6,0001. per annum attached to it, which,along with the power and elevated rank which it confers, should be, for the most effective discharge of its labours, we think an ample remuneration.—Morning Herald. A good deal of speculation has been excited in the City, at the length of time that has elapsed since the date of the last official dispatches from Constan tinople. The last that were received from Mr. Stratford Canning were dated the 10th ult. and ar rived on the 7th inst.; so that, calculating on the same number of days for their transmission, we might, without any extraordinary accident, have been in possession at present of official letters, so late as the 15th at least. There is one obvious way in which this delay is to be accounted for, namely, by the interposition of the Porte, either openly or pri vately, to prevent the despatches which our Ambas sadors may have attempted to transmit from passing the frontier aid by laying, .e to p r i vate letters it was alleged the Sultan intended, an embargo on the European vessels in the ports of Turkey. There is, indeed, another cause which may have interfered to produce the delay.— There are but two channels by which Mr. Canning can communicate with London—by Vienna, or by sea. Supposing that he had been free to choose, and had selected the latter way, a strong westerly breeze might have delayed t h e ves sel that carried his communications for a much longer time. It is, of course, quite impossible to say, from the state of the winds here, what has been their direction or force in the Archipelago and the Levant. The private letters which have come to us through the foreign journals, state that the Am bassadors left Constantinople on the 15th. Some of them do this on the authority of news received at Jassy—some on the authority of intelligence said to have reached Vienna on the 28th. If we place any reliance at all on these unauthenticated ac counts, the utmost we can conclude from them is, that on the 28th, intelligence had reached Vienna to the 15th inclusive, five days later than the date of our last despatches. .We are, however, by no means disposed to be lieve, that any intelligence at all to be relied on has been received from Constantinople later than up to the 11th. Some of the Evening Papers have boldly stated that despatches had been received by Ministers up to the 22d, and that, in fact; such des patches were received every twenty-four hours by some one or other of the Cabinet. A stray parcel has, it may be presumed, from the authoritative way in which the assertion is put fortb, by accident dropped out of the bag as it passed down Ludgate-hill, pro bably the one which should have arrived on Mon day, as the discovery is only twenty-four hours old. We hope we shall have it to-morrow at length. It is only necessary, in answer to this piece of wit, to remark, that the private letters from Con stantinople are no later in date than the public. And although Ministers had been ever so careful, and had succeeded ever so well in concealing the arrival of the latter, it is not to be supposed they could exercise any controul over the former. I. et ters are said, indeed, to have arrived in town to the 12th. But this we are inclined to attribute, not to their being in reality any later, but merely to the different mode observed in dating them. It will be recollected that the famous "private" letter, about which a contemporary held, for some eight days, so ridiculous a racket, was ostensibly one day later than the public despatches, although it c ame by the same conveyance. We conclude, th en , that the despatches have been delayed, either by being privately intercepted by the Porte, or from Mr. S. Canning's being under surveillance, or from the state of the wind. The last is ~by far the most probable cause, and will, we dare say, prove to have been the true one.—New Times. THE SAGACIOUS DOG.--Au individual, now residing in Canterbury, who has been in the service of a gentleman On the Continent, has a dog of a mixed breed of a setter and pointer, of extraordinary sagacity ; it i s one of four puppies which he assisted in rearing during his ser vice : this one always appearing to understand and attend to what was said to him, excited the attention of the present owner, who gave up portions of his time to instruct him, and all those who have had an opportunity of seeing the animal, are satisfied that it is not done by signs. The dog is capable of distinguishing colours ; his principal perform ances arc with bread ; he will ascertain the number of persons present, the number of ladies, how many gentlemen have white neckcloths, how many black ; lie will divide any number and reckon money, Bcc., in all of which he is sure to be correct. The bread is broken and given to him : he eats it until he has taken the number r equired, when no enticement will induce him to pursue his task further, he is so exact that if be is asked the 4th . part of 5, he will take one piece, and will not touch the next till it is broken into four pieces, when he will take one and no more. The owner has lost his place through i n disposition, and with a wife and family is at present wholly supported by t hi s f a i t hf u l cre ature, w h o h as been ex hibited at Bifrons, and s ev eral other families in the neighb our hood, where he is sure to excite waiver's' ad- POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-HOUSE.—Yesterday, J. Jefferson, col lecting clerk to Messrs. Gamble and Co., provision-mer chants, Birchin-lane, underwent a final examination on several charges of embezzlement. He was fully committed for trial. He has a wife and children., BOW- ST RE E 7r. —Yesterday morning Mr. Thomas, the publisher, of York-street, whose exertions as constable, in the parish of St. Paul, Covent-garden, we have often had occasion to notice and approve, was brought in cus tody before Sir Hicnn. BIRNIE, charged by Nettleton, the constable attached to Drury-lane Theatre, with improperly interfering with his duty, and assaulting him while iu the execution of it. Nettleton was engage . ] at the Theatre on the night pre vious, and after the performances, he was at the box-door in Brydges-street, endeavouring to make way for a gentle man's carriage, when Mr. Thomas came up and began in terfering, ordering the persons who were on the steps of the theatre to go about their business, and taking upon himself a duty which he (Nettleton) conceived beloncred to him. He warned Mr. Thomas not to interfere any Fur ther, and told him, if he continued to do so, he should re move him by force. Mr. Thomas paid no attention to this, and the complainant pushed him gently from the steps, whe❑ he immediately struck him a blow on the breast, upon which, said Nettleton, "I called upon Bond, jun., to take him into custody." Bond, jun., and a man employed about the theatre as a porter or cad, were called by the complainant to confirm this statement. The officer's evidence went to substantiate the charge, and the cad, whose willingness to speak ap peared to proceed from strong excitement, declared that Mr. Thonms struck Nettleton in the manner described, i and also committed an assault upon him (the witness.) Mr. Thomas, in reply to the charge, stated, that in pursuance of his dctertnination to put down the nuisances of the parish, he went to the theatre, where he conceived he had a right to go, for the purpose of removing the thieves and pickpockets nightly assembled in droves round the box entrance. Sir IlicHAnD Bulbar, who, when the charge was first stated, manifested some impatience, here interrupted Mr. Thomas, and with some warmth exclaimed, " You have no business to suppose any man a thief unless found guilty by a jury. What right had you to go to the theatre at all ? It is out of your parish." Mr. Thomas explained that the front of Drury-lane Theatre was in the parish of St. Paul, Covent-garden. Sir RICIIARD BiIINIE—Ay, true, so it is ; but I think you would have been better employed had you attended to the protectic , i t.f the houses in the parish, and left the care of the theatre in other hands. I can't see what busi ness constables have at theatres. Mr. Thomas—The truth is, Sir Richard, that Nettle ton disputes my right to go to Drury-lane Theatre and act as a constable, and I believe this charge was meant to try an experiment. Sir R. BIRNIE---I knew it from the first. But this office shan't be made a cat's patir to try your experiments with. Turning to the reporters who were busily engaged with their pencils, the Worthy Magistrate continued,— " Ay, there you are at it. This is fine nuts for the news papers. Whenever they can find an opportunity of expos ing and setting constituted authorities by the ears, they are sure to avail themselves of it ; while the felonies, the legi timate business of the office, are omitted altogether. I have no business with such stuff as this. You may go and indict one another. - - Mr. Thomas, after some further interruption, proceeded with his defence. He went to the theatre, in pursuance of what he conceived to be his duty, and because he knew the box-entrance was constantly crowded with thieves, prosti tutes, and the worst characters, Mr. Thomas went upon the steps for the purpose of clearing them, when Nettleton came up and told him not to interfere with his business, pushing him at the same time from the steps. The de fendant being determined to perform his duty, merely put his hand against Nettleton to keep him off, when Bond came up, and said he had committed au assault. Bond and Alderson, another officer, then seized him by the collar to take him to the watch-house, although he well knew that he was a householder of the parish, besides being a con stable, and that he would be forthcoming to answer any charge in the morning, without being taken into custody at all. He was dragged, however, to the watch-house, the officers calling out, " We have got Mr. Thomas, the great parish constable, huzza !" A number of the thieves about the theatre, and several young pickpockets, whose abuse he had endured in attempting to remove them, joined in the cry. Mr. Cribb, of King-street, formerly one of the church wardens of the parish, said, that Mr. Thomas was a very so* man, .aud altogether too peaceable and forbearing to ,ipahle of etrifizing an oflioer.. . Mr. Thomas said that the real cause of the treatment he received was, his known activity in putting down the nui sances of the parish. Sir R. BIRNIE said he would no longer listen to such rubbish. The parties might, if they liked, go down to the Sessions, and indict each other. Mr. Thomas declared that he would proceed against the officers for a false imprisonment. The parties then withdrew. John Jasper, the slave who accompanied his master, Captain Woodley, of the Royal Navy, a few months ago from the West Indio., and robbed him of a 501. Bank of England note, was brought up for a final examination. Capt. Woodley, however, did not appear, and the pri soner was discharged. UNION- HALL. —Yesterday a respectable-looking fe male, named Mary Cox, was brought up in custody, charged with shoplifting.—She was committed. MR. GURNEY'S STEAM CARRIAGE. (From Bell's Life in London.) The curiosity excited throughout the country by the rumours which have recently prevailed of the in tended substitution of steam-carriages for those drawn by horses, has induced us take some pains to acquire information upon so novel a speculation—a specula tion, in the success of which so many interests are involved. The carriage, so repeatedly alluded to of late, is the invention of Mr. Gurney, of Argyle-street, a gentleman well known in the scientific world as the author of " Lectures on Chemical Science,' who, after a variety of experiments during the last two years, has at length brought his plan to perfection. It is needless to say that, in the progress of such a work, great difficulties were encountered ; but it is pleasing to state that Mr. Gurney has, in the end, met the reward of his ingenious and unremitting per severance. The car r i age , co mplete in all its parts, has, within the last fortnight, been inspected by scientific and practical men of all ranks, at Mr. Gur ney's works in the Regent's Park ; they have seen it in motion—they have observed the facility with which it is guided—the rapidity of its progress—the s implicity of its construction—and, above all, its perfect safety ; and the result has convinced them, that in a very short time it will receive the sanction o f the public—while the application of the same principle to other purposes of draft, must, from its economy as compared with the expence of horse power, become almost universal. In producing so great a revolution, many prejudices will, of course, have to be combated ; but where the benefit of the nation at large is involved, in this, as in many other modern inventions, individual interests must give way to the public good. Several experimental journeys will in a short time be made, commencing, probably, with one to Wind sor, with a view of exhibiting the invention to his Majesty. This will be followed by a trip to Bristol by day—and this again by a journey by night. Upon the success of these experiments, a great deal of course, must depend; but, if no material object i on arises, it is fair to presume the end of Mr. Gurney s indefatigable labours will be accomplished. We shall proceed to describe the carriage, o f which the above plate affords an accurate view; and this we shall do rather generally, as a table of reference is attached, in which each branch of the machine is numbered and minutely explained. And first as to its safety, for it is upon this point that the public a re most sceptical. At the first mention of a steam boiler attached to a coach, we are not surprized that the timid should take alarm; the more especially when we reflect on the numerous melancholy acci dents which have occurred from the bursting of such boilers, both on board steam-vessels and in large man ufactories where steam-engines are employed. By the ingenious contrivance of Mr. Gurney, how ever, all apprehensions on this score are entirely dis sipated; and we can with perfect confidence say, that even from the bursting of his boiler there is not the most distant chance of mischief to the pas sengers. This is a tubular boiler, constructed upon p Wiosophical principles, and upon a plan totally distinct SEQW any thing preyivolY in use. In stead of being, as in ordinary eases, a large vessel closed on all sides with the exception of the valves and steam conductors, which a high pressure or ac cidental defect may burst, and involve in destruction those in its neighbourhood, it is composed of a suc cession of welded iron pipes, perhaps 40 in number, screwed together in the manner of the common gas pipes, at given distances, extending in a direct line and in a row, at equal distances from a small reser voir of water, to the distance of about a yard and a half, and then curving over in a semi-circle of about half a yard in diameter, returning in parallel lines to the pipes beneath, to a reservoir above, thus form ing a sort of inverted horse shoe. The water being supplied, and the steam distributed, as we shall hereafter describe. This horse-shoe of pipes, in fact, forms the boiler, and the space between is the furnace; the whole being inclosed with sheet-iron. The advantage of this arrangement is obvious, for while more than a sufficient quantity of steam is generated for the purposes'required, the only possi ble accident that could happen would be, the burst ing of one of these barrels, and a temporary diminu tion of the steam-power of one-fortieth part. The effects of the accident could, of course, only be felt within its own inclosures; and the Engineer could, in ten minutes, repair the injury by extracting the wounded barrel, and plugging up the holes at each end, for which purpose he would be provided with the proper materials; but the fact is, that such are the proofs to which these barrels are subjected, before they are used, by the application of a _steam-pressure five hundred times more than can ever be required, that the accident, trifling as it is, is scarcely possible ; and the boiler now in use in Mr. Gurney's premises, on a similar construction, has remained as sound as ever, after being at work every day for two years. Having thus described the boiler, we hope intelligibly, and having, we trust, removed all prejudice on that head, we shall now endeavour to render the other details equally clear. The boiler, we need hardly tell our readers, is the seat of the vital principle in the steam-engine, for without that steam could not he engendered, and of course the works must stand still (our scientific friends will excuse us for being thus diffuse); and it will appear not a little singular that Mr. Gurney, who was educated a medical man, has actually made the construction of the human body,.and of animals in general, the model of his in.: vention. His reservoirs of steam and water, or rather " separators," as they are called, and which are seen at the end of our plate, are, as it were, the heart of his steam apparatus, the lower pipes of the boiler are the arteries, and the upper pipes the veins. The water, which is the substitute for blood, is first sent from the reservoirs into the pipes—the opera tion of fire soon produces steam, which ascends through the pipes to the upper part of the reservoir, carrying with it a portion of water into the separators, which of course descends to the lower part, and re turns to fill the pipes which have been exhausted by the evaporation of the steam—the steam above pres sing it down with an elastic force, so as to keep the arteries or pipes constantly full, and preserve a regu lar circulation. In the centre of the separators are perforated steam pipes, which ascend nearly to the ' tops, those tops being of course hermetically closed, so as to prevent the escape of the steam. Through these pipes the steam descends with its customary force, and is conducted by one main pipe all along under the carriage to the end of the platform, which is, in point of fact, the water tank, where it turns un der till it reaches two large branch pipes which communicate with the cylinders, from which the pistons move and give motion to the machinery.— The cranks of the axle are thus set in action, and the rotatory movement is given to the wheels. By the power thus engendered also a pump is worked (which is more clearly explained in our references), and which, by means of a flexible hose, pumps the water into the boiler, keeping the supply complete. The tank is to be replenished at the end of certain stages, by a very simple process; but it is calculated that it will hold sufficient (sixty gallons) for one hour's consumption. The furnace, too, within the boiler, is also calculated to contain a sufficient sup ply of coke or charcoal for a similar period, and may be fed with equal facility. So much for the boiler and its adjuncts, and now to the coach itself. In point of form, this vehicle is similar to the ordinary stage coaches ; but rather larger, and stands higher, the roof being nine feet from the ground. The seats for the outside passengers are as usual; and here it may be asked, whether those who ride in the back seats, are not liable to be an noyed by the smoke from the chimneys of the fur nace ? To which we say no; for in the first in stance, there is no smoke, coke or charcoal being only used ; in the second, the chimneys are above the level of the seated passenger; and lastly, tha motion of the carriage will always disperse the heated milled air coming from the flues. The present carriage would carry conveniently six inside and fifteen outside passengers, independent of the guide, who is also the engineer. In front of the coach is a very capacious boot—while behind, that which assumes the appearance of a boot is the case for the boiler and the furnace, from which, we may add, no inconvenience whatever is experienced by the outside passenger, although in cold weather a certain degree of heat may be obtained if required. The length of the vehicle, from end to end, is fifteen feet, and, with the pole and pilot wheels, twenty feet. The diameter of the hind wheels is five feet; of the front wheels three feet nine inches ; and of the pilot wheels three feet. There is a treble perch, by which the machinery is supported, and beneath which two propellers, in going up a hill, may be set in motion, somewhat similar to the action of a horse's legs under similar circumstances, which assist the power of the engine in forcing the carriage to the summit, in case of snow, &c. In descending a hill, there is a break fixed on the hind wheel to increase the friction ; but independent of this, the guide has the power of lessening the force of the steam to any extent, by means of the lever to his right hand,which operates upon what is called the throttle valve, and by which he may stop the action of the steam alto gether, and effect a counter vacuum in the cylinders. lily this means also he regulates the rate of progress on the road, going at a pace of two miles or ten miles per hour, or even quicker if necessary. There is another ever also by which he can stop the vehicle instanter, and, in fact, in a moment reverse the mo tion of the wheels, so as to prevent accident, as is the practice with the paddles of steam-vessels.— Thus it would seem that the machine is under more perfect controul than a carriage with the best con ducted team in the country. The duty of the guide, who sits in front, is to keep the vehicle in its proper course, which he does by means of the pilot wheels acting upon the pole, with a facility scarcely conceivable. This pole, like the handle of a garden chair, enables the guide to drive to an eighth of an inch, to avoid all obstacles, to turn corners, and, in fact, to do, with greater certainty, that which a coach man does by applying his whip or his reins to his horses. We have seen a child of five years take the lever and carry the carriage through difficult passes without deviating an inch from the proper course, and such is the simplicity of the motion, that the most ignorant acquire a knowledge of its principle immediately. The total weight of the carriage and all its appa ratus, is estimated at lfr tons, and its wear and tear of tho road, as compared with a carriage drawn by four horses, is as 1 is to 6 ; the mischief done by the four horses, the feet of which act as picks, aryvehicle, being five times greater. When the carriage is in progress the heard,machinery nor i ther e frool so much vibration as in i s an n not ordinary rd n the superior solidity of the structure. The engine has a twelve-horse power, but may be increased to 1G; while the actual power in use, except in as cending a hill, is but eight-horse. The saving . of expence, comparing the outlay of the steam-carriage with that of a carriage drawn by . horse 4 from London to Bristol, is very considerable. —As to turnpikes, no regulation has as yet been made, nor will the Marquis of Lansdowne notice the subject until 40 steam-carriages shall be on the road; but it is intended, in order to avoid disputes, pp pay it) the ttalteos one-half toll. Were the DIED. Suff ° ,ho ll° On the 2d instant, at B unga y, i n the county of - v Emily, the wife of Robert Carvell, M.D., and relict ° late Admiral George Vandeput. On the 7th instant, at his residence on Woolwich" (;1' mon, Captain Samuel Percy Newell, formerly in the( fordshire Militia, since in the 4th or King's Own • went, aged 61. On the sth instant, in the 97th year of his age, 11 " . R. Ledwich, solicitor, late of College-hill. .ged iOn the 28th ult., at Bruges , of a nervous fever, --,f,jor years,l: n i i a l n: o ll a .l n a d ry p by M. y o YOUNG, daughter No, oi,ft General Curving, late of his Majesty's 47th Reg tide SUN Orkicz, No. 112, Strand. wheels broad instead of narrow, Mr. M'Adsol opinion that more good than harni would be dow the roads by their progress. Given stations will be appointed for repleoio the tank and the furnace at such distances no keep the supply perfect. Rain water will be in preference to spring or river water, as the produces an incrustation of lime in the pipes, f/ would ultimately close them up ; but even inset case there - is a remedy—for, by an a pplicatio n cheap chemical solvent the lime is dissolv ed) blown out at pleasure. LAW INTELLIGENCE• COURT OF CHANCERY, DEC. 11. THE KING OF SPAIN AND lIIILLETT. t. „If Mr. WE HATLEY said that in this cause, li'D e ;ot under discussion, a point of law had been P il o over without argument. He produced the lot hand writer's notes, to explain this eircutastall the Court. _ 0 0 1 The LORD CHANCELLOR, as this was 5,°: it to' ear one counsel on each side to argue t P A 'io to' which he believed had been lately decide' otlit cases by the Master of the Rolls. Fridg thought would be a convenient day. ri l ha sr The rest of the sitting was taken up w- 1 peal cause. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, Do. l i ' co lef In an action brought by the plaintiff to rpecold the. value of a bill of exchange, which he alleL,„edi been improperly obtained from him, a Mr. IA; t ili was called on the part of the defendant, to Pr e/ 111 1 embarrassment of the plaintiff's circumstance s. pO point was an immaterial one in the cause, be reply, Mr. Sergeant ANDREAS'S, having remat, the character of the evidence given by the d ant's witnesses generally, muds. "And now I come," said he, "to t he e tie deuce of the Jew-man, who says he has Jet' plaintiff 1,0001." (fle ova Mr. Zamuda—" And so I have, Sir:' ',. 2 of the proceeding to complain in a very loud vt!'," - nc ed.) insult he had received, but was at length s" g- t Air came to that of 1111.,,,,, Mr. Justice BURROUGH (to Mr. Serge 3l3- drews)—You brought it all on yourselfs Mr. Sergeant ANDREWS had used Cit e tern i b illad s ti; vertently, but begged to assure his Lordship t i i t ioP was not with a view to reflect at all on the re ' which Mr. Zamuda professed. 10' The cause then proceeded, and Mr. Justice ROUGH having concluded his charge to the i til' gge ll Mr. Zamuda again presented himself, and be , be his Lordship to pardon him for the interruPtie had caused. a tlie l Mr. Justice BURROUGH desired him to be until the jury had returned their verdict. note This happened in a few minutes, and Mr• n o te h yc a oh v ui i .ri n s g it.eia a lin g g •a iro i e n nlig igged pardon, said, he should ° et iipfi done so, had he riot been hurried away by his fee e on receiving w i h ob a nu t .t h l e d c o o l lis t id . s e e r e ed w a h g y •ro y s o s i i i nsshuolt,,ta'a ,t use of such a term as a " Jew-man" he sho.u l , the have expected from any parson professing go° Mr. Justice BURROUGH.—The Learned berg po p has told you, that lie did not mean to reflect d o be offended. I should not be offended if any °"." w e'd , Mr. Zamuda did not complain to call me a Christian man. of the the sense in which it was meant t o apPIY• A sil felt an attack on his religion perhaps more thau c i other person, because they were more opP resse ' eV Mr. Justice BURROUGH saw nothi ng in tb e d o pression at which offen ce could be taken; as d e r witness in a Court of Justice should not be too tel'ope skinned : indeed, they often took offence where" was meant. 0 111 Here the conversation dropped, and Mr. Zat° went out of Court. term, htlit; INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT DEC. lie Jonathan Wakefield, a man about 50 year s ? rr ep. who was remanded in consequence of som e to oir larity in his schedule, was again brought up taro his discharge on.his petition of insolveV the Court. The unhappy man appeared the last stage of human debility, and with g r :haltd; ficulty was brought into Court, muffled up ill eo ite" kerchief and flannels. His wretched state the strongest sensation in the Court. Mr. Commissioner LAW, who presided, h avi li ; certained that the required alterations were f°B 0)0 the insolvent's schedule, &c., humanely orclere" he should be immediately set at liberty. ailel} The COURT passed its judgment on Jaine 6 '; r t 01 stone-mason, Paddington, (who in the earlY,.Plo ol ' the day was brought up on his petition doct vency). In consequence of the fraudulent colcitioi on the part of the prisoner, the Court senteli c A e ate o to twelve months' implisonment from t he his petition. OLD BAILEY, DEC. 11. Sessions of receiving a gelding, knowing it p r e T. Cutts, convicted aBt i I I RC I t hT h ai e tihs e ura a .m r ri l ,.. y part o f the 1 ) • 10 ,0 to t y been stolen, was charged with stealing a mare, property of a Mr. Richmond, a brewer. The Jury returned a verdict of " Not Guilty to The prisoner was then taken off to Hampshire'ot await his trial on a similar charge, or charges, in t county. ' g 11 George Newman was charged with stealifi mare at Hackney, on the 13th of October. The Jury found him " Guilty." ion f g. : lt G ahret L i icrlt dwelling — irieili D tiiii negla%arthhsgo.oi'lii'olsddei-cltooeofdk good-looking 0 1i ' James Grover, aged 38, was indicted for do cicusly stabbing John Williams, with intent t o , him some grievous bodily harm..—" Not GuiltY. ~,i, Michael Russell, aged 18, was indicted for st7i, ing, op Monday, 25 yards of broad cloth, value I the property of Thomas Bennett. The Jury, without hesitation, returned a l'ed D r? *# 4, It was only the last Sessions that the A d j sower was tried and convicted of a nother offence, F had but just been liberated from prison. stealing therein divers articles of wearing aPP 'altogether. value 251., and 10 sovereigns, his property. jr o O n n the o On the 9th instant, break ingyoung i m swh, woman' r ni n i d d o :li end i e r i , ~,th• Hied ep charge risoii er, The Jury returned Ltv!tLHad"Gt .------- Thomas Paterson, of His Majesty's ~.gptiiii , t Bedford-row, Rye, Mr' i_t: , On the 10th instant, in Web 63p t id h a e :: l g a ilt d .uo y o o fe fi, : t o Mrs. Cornwell Baron Wilson, of a daughter. I , o o' Cardale, Esq., of a son. c 0 111 Pearce, of a son. 0 On the 4th instant, the lady of M. Gutteres, fi l. ' Sidmouth, of a daughter. --..-.' the 91tohthinsitnasnt:nat directio Victualling hi „", g ‘: ' f ai nAY, tl tog ksealed u the HMEs y,ar,h) a n d p Slaughtered DePal talent a next ensuin Trndera to beg I.°:eca' Il lade at th Sliadwell 1 ImpoRTAN , : f parks, A practice PI 30i1 ce of I and eituat ' RANT" fro' Aril .. l ' a gelnent of onaame r With Plates, 3. PANT] Treatise on 9bjeets as at 'llene°, and e tanks of Bode The wbole I ' 4 * an t edford. F Publi c 10. Th e a. Practical Maturity Canker in , 11. The IV., was th London ; a Country. tirietor of F MARRIED. iti re :t On the 11th instant, at St. George's, H an over -0- .0 0 William Earl Lytton Billwer, Esq., of HeY d . ° ll- ti Norfolk, to Emily, youngest daughter of Gener'' coyne, M.P. wi r On the 11th instant, at St. Mary's, Paddingto n ; "V Rev. Gilbert Elliot, Alexander Graham, of Capilit arkshire, Esq., to Elizabeth, second daughter of th Richard Dann, of Hackney, Esq. g be On the 6th instant, at:, Scrivelsby, A. L. Maga or tlif Esq., of Gunby Park, Lincoln, to Caroline Go ld , s 4o l Peares, youngest daughter of W. Pearce, Esq. , ham Hail, Norfolk.