The Sun. — London, England, 1861-08-01 00:00:00

THE NA VY. The regulations recently issued by the Lords of the Admiralty for the amalgamation under one com mand of the steam and sailing reserve fleets in the Medway, at Chatham, ave necessitated some im portant alterations in thhe number and disposition of the ships formerly com p o sing the sailing ordinary at that port. A survey has accordingly been made of the whole of the vessels in the Med way, several of which have been found to be so old that they are altogether unfit for further service. Instead, however, of these being broken .up, as has hitherto been customary, the Lords of the Admiralty have determined on selling them. Orders were accordingly received at Chatham yes terday directing the following vessels to by sold as soon as the necessary arrangements can be made — viz., the Cleopatra, 26 ; the Vestal, 26 ; the Daphne, 18 ; the Frolic, 16 ; the Comns, 14 ; the Elk, 12; purveyor, a paymaster, a captain of orderlies, and a superintendent of nurses,where nurses are employed. The appointment of governor or commandant of the t hospital at Woolwich has been conferred on Col. R. Wilbraham, C. 8., the Assistant-Adjutant-General at Manchester; Deputy-Inspector-Gen. A. Stewart has been appointed the principal medical officer ; Mr. J. C. Minney, principal purveyor; and Captain Hawtree, from the Medical Hospital at Fort Pitt, Chatham, the captain of orderlies. EXPERIMENTS A 2 SHOEBU.RYNESS. These experiments, which were brought to a sudden close by the overturning of Mr. Roberts's target on Monday evening, were resumed as soon as the shield was -again fixed on its framing. The first trial was made with a 100-pounder Armstrong shunt gnn, with solid shot at 800 yards' range. Three shots were fired at the target from this, but from the extreme smallness of the object (4 feet by the Kangaroo, 12 ; the Childers, 12 ; the Fantome, 12; the Arab, 12 ; the Daring, 12 ; the Mariner, 12; the Despatch, 12 ; the Tyne, 4; and the Volage, 4. A careful estimate of the value of each vessel is to be made by the dockyard authorities, and for warded to the Lords of the Admiralty. The stores and fittings which it is not desirable to sell are to be removed and placed in store in the dockyard. The President, 50, sailing frigate at Chatham, is to be fitted for a training ship for the Naval Coast Volunteers, and will be stationed in the Thames near the West India Docks, where she will replace the Brilliant, 20. The Winchester, 50, at Chatham, is also to be fitted at that port to replace the Con way, 26, lent to the Mercantile Marine Associa tion at Liverpool for a training ship for lads des tined for the sea. The Winchester will be towed round to the Mersey by the Geyser, 6, paddlewheel steamer. The Brilliant and Conway both return to Chatham. The screw steam frigate Diadem, 32, Capt. Cock burn, was appointed to leave Plymouth Sound yes terday (Wednesday) for Halifax, and the Surprise, 4, Commander Whyte, for the Mediterranean. The Valorous, 16, paddlewheel steamvessel, Capt. W. C. A ldham, C. 8., arrived at Spithead yesterday from North America and the West Indies, with prisoners from the fleet on that station, and some military invalids. She left Halifax for England on the 11th of July. She steamed into harbour at 3 p.m. yesterday, to be paid off. By the mail packet Norman, which arrived at Ply mouth on Tuesday, we learn that the screw cor vette Archer, 13, Capt. F. A.B. Craufield, left Ascen sion June 10, arrived at St. Helena June 25, and departed the next da y for Ascension,where she was found by the Norman with the Arrogant, leis, and Meander. The paddlewheel steam frigate Furious, 16, Capt. C. J. Jones, 10 days from Ichaboe, left St. Helena July 1 for Ascension and England. The transport Star of the South, Capt. Renner, with 304 men, women, and children belonging to the 64th Regiment, under command of Col. Chads, and in medical charge of Dr. Parsonage, 71 days from Kurrachee for Falmouth, left St. Helena June 22. The Caroline Coventry, Capt. Overbury, 95 days from Kurrachee, left the island the same day. A new paddlewheel steamvessel is in progress at Deptford dockyard, ordered to be completed with all despatch for the service of Dr. Livingstone and ihe party now engaged in exploring the interior of Africa. Her dimensions are :—Length, 120 ft. ; beam, 15ft. ; depth, 7ft. She will be constructed of teak and oak, and, being intended for navigation in shallow rivers, will not draw more than two feet of water. The Rifleman steamvessel, last in commission on the West Coast of Africa, is now being entirely re constructed at Deptford Dockyard. The War Department transport Marlborough, Mr. Fishingden master, was placed alongside the Ordnance-wharf, Chatham, yesterday, to receive on board a 100-pounder Armstrong gun for the screw corvette Orestes, 21, and two 40-pounder Arm strongs for the Phaeton, 51, 400-horse power, both of which are attached to the steam reserve at Chat ham. The Marlborough will also ship 90 of the 100-pounder conical shells for the Orestes. Our Malta correspondent, under date of the 26th July, announces the arrival on that day, at 9 a.m., of her Majesty's frigate Terrible, with 40 naval in valids, under charge of Surg. George Gordon, and five other passengers, including the Rev. Joshua Watson and Mr. Thomas Heavan, engineer. The Terrible left Beyrout on the 16th. Two deaths occurred on the voyage—one on the 19th from brain fever, and the other on the 22d from the effects of fever. We have to record the death of Admiral the lion. F. B. R. Pellew, which occurred at Marseilles on Monday last, in his 70th year. The deceased was the second son of the first Viscount Exmouth by the second daughter of Mr. James Frowd. He was born in 1789. Entering the navy at an early age, he was engaged at the destruction of the Dutch naval force in the Indian seas, and continued to serve on the East India station till the reduction of Java in 1811, especially distinguishing himself at Samanep, in Batavia roads, and near Semarang. In 1813 he was present and assisted at the capture of a French con voy in Port d'Anzo. He served from 1818 to 1822 on the Mediterranean station. In 1852 he was appointed to command the India station, but was recalled in 1854, and became an Admiral of the Blue in 1858. In recognition of his services he was created a Com panion of the Bath in 1815, and Knight Commander of Hanoverian Guelphic Order in 1836, receiving at the same time the honour of knighthood. The de ceased was twice married—in 1816 to the only daughter of the late Sir Godfrey Webster, who, however, died in 1849, and se condly, in 1851, to the daughter of the late Comte Edouard de Melfort, from whom he was divorced in 1855. He was appointed Naval Aide-de-Camp theto Queen in 1842. The f ollowing appointments were made yesterday at the Admiralty :—Commander W. G. Hope John stone, to the Virago ; Lieut. P. R. Sharpe, to the H. . Excellent ; Lieut. B. Phillimore, to the Warrior; Wm. Haydon, master, additional, to the Imperieuse; Sub-Lieut. A. Watts, to the Donegal ; ' . J. Thomson, surgeon, to the Excellent Wood, augh ll an . ,surg e 0 n s , u t r o ge t o h n e , "V to the Virago ; and Jas. Hero. THE ARMY. . A general regim ented order, signed by 0 9 1. C . Bi ng ham, Doputy-Adjt.-Gen., was yesterday pro mulgated from the H orse Guards notifying th at the following batteries of Royal Artillery have been placed under orders for foreign service. The 6th Brigade, Royal Artillery, having sem i feted its foreign service, will be relieved by the 3d brigade l , which will embark in the Himalaya, on the 6th o August; Nos. 1,2, 3,4, and 5 batteries for MalH. ta, under Colonel G. Maclean, Brevet-Colonel W. Elliot, and Lieut.-Colonel R. C. Romer; Nos. 6, '7, 'and 8 batteries, for Corfu, under Brevet- Col. C. J. Wright. The following batteries of the 10th brigade will remove from Portsmouth on the day the 3d brigade embarks :—No. 1 battery to Shoeburyness, and Nos. 2,3, 4, and 5 batteries to Woolwich, under the command of Brevet-Col. A. G. Burrowes. On the arrival of the 6th brigade in England the head-quarters and remaining batteries of the 10th brigade will proceed to Woolwich, and the 6th brigade will be stationed at Portsmouth. Major Arbuthnot's battery of Royal Horse Artil lery, which has for several months been stationed at Dorchester Barracks, left on Tuesday last en route for r Bristol, where they were to embark for Dublin. The battery was a day or two previously inspected b i y Majar-Gen. Bloomfield, Inspector-Gen. of Artil lery. The new regulations which the Secretary of State for War has decided on carrying ,into effect for the better guidance and management' .of the military hospitals will come into operation 02.'4 day. Yes terday a party of non-commissioned officer and men of the Army Rospital Corps accordingly h ft head quarters, Chatham, for the Woolwich riospi.*,al, at which establishment they will supersede the soi l dier and pensioner nurses and orderlies who ha 7e hitherto performed the duties incident to attendin,: 3 on sick troops. The organisation of all general hos pitals will in future includ e a governor, or com mandant, se l ec ted by the S ecretary of State for W ar , on accou nt of special qualifications for the duty,.-a principal 1 i med..ca, officer, an apoth ecary , a • i 6), and the high and very variable wind blowing at the time, all three of them missed. After this con siderable delay was caused by the large number of barges and sailing craft on the river coming within the range of practice, so that it was at last found ne cessary to discontinue firing altogether at 800 yards, and continue the experiments with a 2001 b. solid shot, fired from an Armstrong at the close range of 200 yards. It will be remembered from our ac count of yesterday that it was the concussion pro duced by this ponderous missile that did such mis chief to Mr. Fairbairn's target, and before the stroke of this it seemed almost certain the little target of Mr. Roberts would go down at once in fragments. The first shot struck full and fair upon the apex of the angle of the uppermost plate. Strange to say, however, it did no damage except to cause an in dentationsowf h lt h inc s h o , o a u n re d d s t t h ar e ti e n d g ge som of e o t f he th p e l u at p e pe to r fastenings a te t ni r ng get. The second shot of the same weight struck one of the upper joint ribs between the plates and broke it in three places, detaching one piece ; but still the damage done was immaterial to the plates themselves, though some of the fasten ings were then very loose, and the centre angle plate had slipped, and was almost half detached. The firing at this, therefore, was considered suffi cient as regarded a test of the strength of the plates and, above all, of their backing up with timber. The general result of the experiments has shown that the 5-inch iron plates of Mr. Fairbairn's target fastened to a 1-inch skin were perfectly able, as far as the plates were concerned, to withstand for a very long time what was, in fact, a concen trated fire from the heaviest and most power ful ordnance in the world. It also showed that the thinner plates of three inches, rolled into an angu lated form, and presenting at all points an inclined face to the blow of the shot, were equally well able to withstand a missile that under other circum stances would fracture a 41-inch plate, and this was the object the inventor wished to demonstrate. The backing of the target, even after all the pounding it received, was still perfect, though only 18 inches thick, and had this been the hull of a ship, it would apparently, even if submerged, have remained quite watertight. The ribs which formed the backing to the skin insides of the plates of Mr. Fairbairn's target were perhaps a little too weak for the enor mous resistance they were expected to exert. This, however, is a very minor fault, and one which it was only possible to ascertain from actual practice. It will' be very easy to strengthen the next one con structed on this principle. The weak point in Mr. Roberts' target was the rib joint. This, though a piece of the best wrought iron, six inches by four, was never strong enough to resist the blow of a 100, or even a 68-pounder. Bat for this fault (which we presume Mr. Roberts will devise some expe dient for remedying), and but for the small size of his target, it would doubtless have held out much longer than even it did. The weak point common to both targets, and to every other description of iron armour plate that has ever been devised is the mode of fastening, either to the target or the ship's side. Every bolt hole in a plate is a source of weakness, as from them all fractures take their rise. The expedients which have been devised to remedy this, by having tapped screws at the back of the plate, are perhaps better for preventing frac tures ; but they are certainly not better adapted for what is the ultimate object of all these fastenings —viz., securing the plate to the ship's side. This is the real point to which engineers should now direct their attention. The shape, thickness, and angle of plate best adapted for keeping out the shot will then be very easily ascertained. On the whole, however, the experiments at Shoeburyness against these iron targets we have described were regarded as about the most satisfactory which have yet taken place there. MINISTERIAL WHITEBAIT DINNER, But few persons are acquainted with the origin of this celebrated tjinner. Indeed, scarcely anything more is generally known than this, that it takes place towards the close of each session of Parliament. Some of our readers have heard, no doubt, of Dagenham Breach in Essex, a lake formed by the sudden eruption of the waters of the Thames over its banks nearly a century ago, covering the adja cent lands, from which they have never retired. On the banks of Dagenham lake once stood, and may still stand, a cottage occupied by a'princely merchant of the name of Preston, a baronet of Scotland and Nova Scotia, and sometime M.P. for Dover. He called it his " Fishing Cottage," and often in the spring went thither with a friend or two to escape the toils of parliamentary and mercantile duties. His most frequent guest was, as he was familiarly styled, "Old George Rose," Secretary of the Treasury and an elder brother of the Trinity House. Sir Robert also was an active member of that fraternity. Many a joyous day did these two worthies pass at Dagenham Breach, undisturbed by the storms that raged in the political atmosphere of Whitehall and and St. Stephen's Chapel. Mr. Rose once intimated. to Sir Robert that Mr. Pitt, of whose friendship they were both justly proud, would no doubt much delight in the comfort of such a retreat. A day was named and the pre mier was accordingly invited, and received with great cordiality at the Fishing Cottage. He was so well pleased with his visit and the cordiality of the baronet—they were all considered two if not three bottle men—that on taking leave Mr. Pitt readily accepted an invitation for the following year, Sir Robert engaging to remind him at the proper time. For a few years Mr. Pitt was an annual visitor at Dagenham Breach, and he was always accom panied by " Old George Rose." But the distance was great, railways had not yet started into exist ence, and the going and coming was somewhat in convenient for the First Minister of the Crown. SiSr Robe r t, h owever , h a d his remedy, as have all such j ov i a l souls, and he proposed that they should in futur e dine nearer London. Greenwich was suggeat e d its aconvenient salle a manger for the three ancients as the Trinity House, for Pitt was also 'a distingni a b,a was nowzneiter of that august fraternity. The partyreanged from a trio to a quartett, Mr. Pitt having Soon to be permitted to bring Long, tr this migration a fifth Lord Camden. consider ie afterwards Lord Farn guest was invited, Mr. be released guests otabl of Sir R. Pres tonnotables here ; but one by one other and at last Lord Camden y ed re f m ro a m rk th ed e at a tavern, it was only i n ni s n la g ould and he insisted on the dinner it.ahiarttahsats they ir w it e . r P e r a e l s l t d o expense. It was Sirthen arranged Robert should be given as usual by still contributing a b that is to say, at his iuncvkitaatnidon, champagne, but the and upon this rest of the charge s of mine host ere planthenceforward defrayed by the seve ral guests,the meetings continued to take place annually till the death of Mr. Pitt. Sir Robert was requeste d lst foll of w ing hom by to summon the usual guestsi nt, the he i ow year a Tally fter this time included most of the Cabinet Ministers. The time for meeting was usu Monday, shortly before the end of the session.rini ty ly degrees a meeting, which was purely gastronomic, appears to have assumed, in consequence of the long reign of the Tories, a political or semi-political character. In the year 18— Sir Robert Preston died ; but the affair had become so consolidated by long cus; tom that the " Fish Dinner," as it was now called, survived; and Mr. Long (then Lord Farnboroug h ) undertook to summon the several guests to the " Ministerial Fish Dinner," the private secretary of the late Sir R. Preston furnishing to the private secretary of Lord Farnborough the names of the noblemen and gentlemen who had been usually invited. ‘ Up to the decease of the baronet the invitations n had been s en t p r ivately. They now go in Cabinet b 'ee, and the party limited to the members of the C a binet. Who finds the buck and champagne now i s la et known. PERTH, WEDNESDAY. Perthshire, agricUlturally, is like a little Scotland, embracing every diversity of surface, from the Alpine region of the Grampians to the flat rich came of Gowrie and the wide luxuriant valley of Strathearn. In two-thirds of this large county not in cultivation, including some of the finest lakes and loftiest peaks in North Britain, the pasture farming of black-faced sheep utilises the precipitous hills and green glens, woods clothe the magnificent ' slopes, and the sportsman rejoices in an infinity of feathered game, in the six thousand head of harts and hinds, and in the noble salmon that pay some ten thousand pounds rental for the Tay fisheries alone, and are exported on a great scale by railway and in the shipping of Perth. And the lowlands along the shores of the Frith of Tay, and more inland along the course of its tributary rivers, have immense peak moors and mosses, as well as the tracts of allu \ vial and diluvial " till," where flax is the main raw material produced, and where potatoes, turnips, with wheat on the best lands, contend against the difficulties of a climate too moist and a winter too bitter and protracted in these semi-boreal latitudes. Such a district can be only sparsely peopled ; and hence the city of Perth, with its 24,000 inhabitants, and its proximity by excursion trains to Dundee, Stirling, and Edinburgh, can expect, after all, a gathering of visitors to the show small in compari son with the numbers at former meetings. Then, as Scotland furnishes but eight divlsions for the Society's itinerant festivals, the number of large towns being very limited, each place has welcomed the exhibition some half-dozen times already, and the interest necessary to a successful anniversary can scarcely be inspired without the introduction of some novel feature—some spirited and attractive incitement like that we find connected with the Bath and West of England Society's show. As it is, we have in this placid city the absence of any symptom of enthusiasm, of gala-day holy-day-making, and the influx of fashionable visitors whose presence is always found to pay. Perhaps all this may accord with the wish of the Society's managers ; for, judg ing by the strict press regulations, which prevent our doing anything towards directing the public to the show, it is intended to keep the company in the yard quite select and free from crowding. The implements—classified into 78 " sections," with a class of extra-machines, and another class of " general collections," in which exhibitors declining to compete for prizes can display whole stands of their own manufactures—are not honoured with the protection of shedding; but, as at our English pro vincial shows, are set out in rows upon the open sward,—with the aspect, in fact, of an extensive farm sale by auction. This exposure of house and farm mechanism, as well as field tools, to all chances of the weather, this obliging both imple ment exhibitors and visitors either to brave the oppressive heat or blustering wind, or to stand through entire days upon a footing of poached mud, under a drenching rain, and in such plight to con duct business and book orders, may be penny-wise, but certainly pound-foolish, as well as unhandsome on the part of a Society rich in funded and house property, and enjoying a splendid income. If can vass-roofed booths would not stand against Scotch storms, boarden-roofed sheds, like the comfortable quarters provided for the cattle, most certainly would ; exhibitors would gladly pay their 2s. a-foot for the accommodation here as at the English show, and what further sum might be needed could hardly be better spent than in attracting a larger display of agricultural mechanics. In a hasty walk through the stands we find that 135 exhibitors contribute 850 articles ; of which 429 are in the classified sections competing for prizes, 117 are in the extra class, and 304 comprised in the general collections. The plough is evidently the grand fundamental implement on which the at tention of the Scotch farmer is fixed. No less than 65 of different sorts are shown, Gray, of Uddingston, near Glasgow, being a prominent maker ; while Hornsby, of Grantham, Lincoln shire ; Page and Co., of Bedford ; and Messrs. Howard, of Bedford, exhibit their first-class ploughs, with and without special adaptations to the peculiar requirements of Scotch husbandry, for in this coun try of broadcast sowing the farmer likes deep creases between high-crested furrow-slices, that will harrow ' down immediately into mould, covering the seed. To turn such furrows—which is a process requiring nicety in the implement as well as skill in the ploughman—the share is hollowed underneath, cutting an arched furrow-bottom, left highest in the middle, and the coulter is inclined, instead of per pendicular, so that the exposed ridge of the turned furrow-slice may be formed with an acute angle. The English farmer prefers a perfectly flat and clean furrow bottom, with a slice of rectangular section, as securing the greatest mean depth of cut soil, and presenting both the largest superficies to the atmos phere and most earth for reduction to the tilth of a seed-bed. The chief interest of yesterday's and to-day's field trials at South Muirton farm centred in the competition of ploughs, on a cloverley of deep, free-cutting loam, moist with the dripping rains. The first trial with a number of Scotch swing and several wheel ploughs, and the English ploughs of Hornsby and Page, resulted in a second trial of five implements—those of Allan of Dunkeld, Ponton of Linlithgow, Hornsby of Grantham, Gray of Udding ston, and Martin of Balbeggie ; which again left the first three for a final testing. The wheel ploughs are again in the ascendant, though the picked ploughmen of Scotland made splendid work with their favourite swings; and whether the superb execution of Hornsby's plough will carry off the prize from Allan's implement, of somewhat lighter draught, must be left till the judges publish their award. Grubbers, and cultivators, and harrows occupy a considerable space in the yard ; also drills and broadcast sowing machines, in which our southern firms—Reeves of Westbury, and Rich mond Chandler of Salford, both figure. There are machines for pulverising and sowing guano ; the liquid manure distributors of Reeves, and of the trustees of W. Crosskill, of Beverley ; a considerable number of horse-hoes, made by Gray, Law, Kirkwood, Burns, &c.; winnow ing machines, weighing machines ; then the chaff cutters of Ashby and Co., of Stamford ; Ben tall, of Heybridge, Essex ; Page, of Bedford ; and Richmond and Chandler; turnip cutters of various makers; Bentall's noted root-pulpers ; crushers, and mills, and churns. There is a con siderable display of harvest carts and light spring carts ; the trustees of W. Crosskill, with their machine-made wheels and carts constructed for lightness, strength, and durability; Mitchell, of Peterhead, and other makers, showing farmers' vehicles of splendid workmanship, and in every way adapted for convenience and usefulness. or fencing, gates, drain-pipes, tile machines, &c., there is a good show ; and in the " extra" class we find the haymakers and horse-rakes of Ashby and Co. ; Chaplin's steam engine ; Hornsby and Son's new cheap washing machine; Kirkwood's rakes ; Lin colne's (of Glasgow) machine for suckling orphan calves and lambs ; Page and Co.'s horse-rakes ; Reeve's tool for destroying thistles ; Shanks and Son's lawn mower ; Smith's (of Glasgow) dry de odorizing closets. In the general collection are thrashing machines, and drills, Bradford's was hi n g machines ; Clayton and Shut tleworth's ( o f L inco l n ) steam-power thrashing machines ‘;n eg, ; Garrett and (of S a x horse-hoesm u n d h a m ) eng ; Howard's (of Bedford) iron ploughs, steam- cultivat ing machinery, harrows, horse-rakes, and their clever new hav-mak' ing machines; Morton's (of Liverpool) fencing, &c • , and Morton's (of Leeds) fencing, hurdles, &e. ; P 1 ieksley, and Sims, and Co.'s (of Ma n chester) p ortab le engines , Chaffcu ' tters & c . ; Pringle's ( of Edinbur g h ) assortment of im ' ' - plernems 4 machines ; Williamson's (of Kendal) horse-works and thrashing machines ; Young's ( of Edinburgh) gates, garden chairs, cheese presses, and so on. Though the fixture thrashing-mill is so generally used in Scotland,it appears that our more improved English machines are being rapidly substituted for it, seeing that the clean thrashing saves a consider able percentage of grain hitherto left in the straw , besides more thoroughly shaking out the thrashed corn. The convenience of a portabl e steam engine lis also appreciated in some districts, where fine days THE SUN, HIGHLAND AND AGRICULTURAL ,SOCIETY'S MEETING. are few for carting the corn in bulk to the central rickyard—fitted with its fixed engine or cheaper waterwheel. • One of the main attractions for to-morrow is the trial of Messrs. Howard's steam plough and culti vator at Friarton, half a mile from the showyard, at an admittance fee of 6d. each person; and now that the prime cost is only £449, or without the engine £2OO, and ploughing, grubbing, harrowing, and indeed almost any desired tillage operation can be accomplished at much less cost than by horse power on any soils, however tenacious and in any situation, excepting very steep elevations and de clivities, North Britain, like the rest of the world, presents a broad and accessible field for this newly improved and easily-managed machinery. Professor Anderson's lecture last night in the Court-house on " Experimental Agriculture" was fairly attended. To-morrow the showyard opens, the implement exhibition early, and the well-filled cattle department at 2 o'clock. - - RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. GREAT NORTHERN. The directors of this company have determined to recommend to the proprietors at the general meeting a dividend for the half-year, ending the 30th of June last, at the rate of £3 15s. per cent. per annum on the original stock ; giving , for the half-year £1 17s. 6d. per cent. on the original stock, £3 :per cent. to the B stock, and 15s. per crnt. to the A stock. COLCHESTER, STOUR VALLEY, AND SUDBURY. The half-yearly meeting of this company was held yesterday at Colchester, and a dividend was declared of £1 12s. 6d. for the half-year, free of income tax, leaving a balance in hand of about £5B. BRISTOL AND EXETER. A special meeting of this company was held yes- I terday at Bristol, for the purpose of considering the proposed lease of the Cornwall Railway to the Great Western, the Bristol and Exeter, and the South Devon Railway Companies. Mr. J. W. BULLER, M.P., presided. He stated that the proprietors had already approved the arrangement which had been made with the Corn wall Company, and the assistance which it was proposed to give for the extension of that railway from Truro to Falmouth. Mr. Prichard, the solicitor, having read the heads of the lease, The CHAIRMAN moved a resolution approving its adoption, and authorising the common seal of the company to be affixed thereto, so soon as the Corn wall Railway Act (1861) should be passed into law. Mr. T. W. HILL seconded the resolution, which was unanimously adopted, and the proceedings terminated. LLANELLY. The half-yearly Meeting of this company was held yesterday at the London Coffee-house ; Mr. J. Biddulph in the chair. The report stated that the earnings of the com pany on revenue account during the half-year ending the 30th of June amounted to £14,403, being an increase of £1,750 over the corresponding half of 1860 ; and the working expenses amounted to £8,527, being an increase of £779 over those of the corresponding period, leaving a balance of £5,876, to which was added £304, the balance from the previous account, making together £6,189. From this we deducted £4,585 for interest on de bentures and loans, dividends on preference shares, &c., leaving a balance of £1,595, out of which the directors laid aside £5OO for renewal of locomo tives, and they recommended a dividend at the rate of 10s. per ordinary share to be paid, leaving a balance of £llO. The working expenses, it ap peared, were increased by an outlay for new rails. The arrangements for the purchase of shares in the Llangelly Waggon Company had been proceeded with, and a further sum of £6,051 had been ex pended on capital account during the half-year, in taking up those shares and in the purchase of 30 additional waggons. The company's bills for new lines to Carmarthen and Swansea only awaited the Royal assent. The capital account showed that £351,264 had been expended, leaving a balance against the company of £8,678, The CHAIRMAN, in moving the adoption of the report, adverted to the importance of the proposed new line to Swansea and Carmarthen. They would convert their old local line into part of a narrow gauge trunk railway from South Wales to the north. It was only by means of judicious exten sions they could hope to get a dividend on the ori• ginal shares. They had already improved their pc sition by extension towards the north, and it was of vital importance that the shareholders should as sist the directors in raising capital for the new lines. In reply to questions, it was stated that the cost of the mew lines would be about £250,000, and that a further sum of £3,450 would put ,the rail way company in possession of the whole of the Llanelly Company's waggons. The report was adopted, a dividend of 10s. per share was decle red and the proceedings terminated. OLDHAM, ASHTON, AND GUIDE-BRIDGE JUNCTION. The formal opening of this line inok place yester day, and the conveyance of traffic over it will com mence in the course of a few days. The line forms a second route between Manchester and Oldham, besides connecting the latter place with Ashton under-Lyne and other populous localities. The length of the line is 9,137 yards. It starts from the Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincolnshire Railway at Guidebridge Station, where it also joins the London an d North Western Railway. It passes thence through Charlestown, where there is a station ; across the river Medlock at Park-bridge, where there, is another station; and terminates by a junc tion with the London and North Western Railway at the Mumps Station in Oldham, The chief sta tion, however, is in a much more central part of the town of Oldham. The most important work on the line is a stone viaduct at Park-bridge, about 200 yards long and 95 feet high, consisting of 11 arches, nine of them being 50 feet span and the others 30 feet span. The steepest gradient on the line is 1 in 90. The cost of the line would be about £140,000, of which the Manchester and Sheffield and the North Western subscribe £50,000 each. BELFAST AND NORTHERN COUNTIES. The report of the directors states that the nego tiations for the purchase of the Ballymena and Portrush Junction Railway, including the bridge and ,junction with the Londonderry line at Cole raine, had been brought to a satisfactory conclusion. The company obtained possession of the line on the Ist of January last, since which it had been worked as part of the railway. The purchase money con sisted of £160,000 in preference shares, bearing in terest at 4 per cent, the Belfast company assuming the Portrush company's bonded debt of £60,000, making together a total payment of £ 220,000. But afurther liability might arise for a sum of £20,000 (in shares) contingent on the receipts reaching a eertain amount within the next four years. The directors had concluded an agreement with Mr. M'Cormick for a transfer of his lease of the Londonderry and Coleraine Railway for four years, from the 10th of April, 1861, at a yearly rental of £lO,OOO, and had purchased all the roll ing stock that was in use on the line. This com pany had now the sole control of the railway between Belfast and Londonderry, and the direc tors hoped that the facilities they now possessed for goods and passengers would tend to promote a further development of the trade between the im portant towns on the line. The traffic receipts end ing June 30 were for eight months on the original line, for six months on the Ballymena and Portrush line, and from April 10 to June 30 on the London derry and Coleraine line, amounting together to £56,160. The balance of revenue, after providing for working expenses, interest on loans, dividend on the 4 per cent. preference shares, and rent of Londonderry and Coleraine Railway, was £22,361, out of which the directors recommended a dividend of 30s. per share, being at the rate of 4 1 ,- per cent. per annum for eight months, leaving £4,061 to be carried to the credit of the reserved fund, which would then amount to £0,049. The capital account showed that £1,037,934 had been expended, leav ing a balance against the company of £68,160. RAILWAY BILLS. The committee of the Lords have passed the bills of the West Hartlepool Railway for regulating their capital and traffic. Joint resolutions of both Houses of Parliament have been passed discontinuing the present system of engrossing bills, and providing that in future every bill shall be printed immediately after it shall have been passed in the house in which it originated. When a bill has passed both houses a print on vellum is to be furnished to the House of Lords before re ceiving the Royal assenL. The Master of the Rolls is also to receive a copy, and as it is considered ex pedient, with a view to economy, convenience, and it is deemed advisable that the despatch, and diminution of the chances of error, that one pri n t er s ho u ld print the public general bills for both h ouses , a nd as the Queen's Printer is, by virtue of his t,ffice, bound to print the A cts of Parliament,Queen s Print er s h ou ld b e em pl o yed for that pur - pose by both houses in future. LAW IN It INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT. (Before ;Mr. Commissioner Nichols.) THE GALWAY CONTRACT—IN RE GEORGE O'MALLEY IRWIN. This insolvent, described as a barrister-at-law, whose name has been frequently before the public in reference to the Royal Atlantic Steam Naviga tion Company, appeared under the Protection Act. Mr. Sargood opposed, on the part of Mr. John Orrell Lever, M.P. ; Mr. Sturgeon supported ; Mr. Peverley, of Coleman-street, being attorney for the insolvent. An application was made, on the case being called, by Mr. Sturgeon to postpone the case until December, as there were some documents to be examined, and Mr. Irwin stated that he expected to obtain some funds from friends in Ireland to pay the costs of the nonsuit, for which lib had been arrested by Mr. Lever, and discharged out of custody a few weeks ago by this Court. The insolvent added, that he intended to proceed with his claims against Mr. Lever for services rendered in the promotion of the Galway Packet Company. It was also stated by the learned counsel for the insolvent, that the insolvent had a petition of right, and a settlement was expected by which ke would be enabled to pay the costs claimed by Mr. Lever. All he wanted was an adjournment until the December sittings. Mr. Sargood apprehended that no ground had been shown for the application, and complained of the insolvent's conduct towards Mr. Lever. Mr. Commissioner Nichols said, as the applica tion was objected to, he could not grant it, and therefore the case had better proceed. The insolvent then underwent, a long examina tion by Mr. Sargood, and from his statement it appeared that in the first action he brought against Mr. Lever for services the jury gave £l,OOO damages. There was a new trial, and, after an intimation from the jury, his counsel, Mr. Digby Seymour, elected to be nonsuited. The costs were £262, and he had been arrested for the same and taken to prison. There was another action, and the record had been with drawn. The insolvent admitted that, since his discharge by the Court, he had presented a peti tion to the House of Commons, through Mr. Con ingham, and the committee was not named be cause Mr. Lever stated that the statements had reference to matters before he was a member of Parliament. Mr. Commissioner Nichols said he had nothing to do with the petition presented to Parliament. All he had to do with was the debt in the sche dule, which was for costs of a nonsuit. Mr. Sargood wished to show the animus of the insolvent towards Mr, Lever. It had been a sys tem of malicious persecution against a gentleman in every possible manner, and it still continued. It further appeared that yesterday the insol vent had been at the Westminster Police-court against 'Mr. Lever, on a charge of libel contained in a pamphlet, in which he had stated that he had been " victimised by an impostor." The secretary of Mr. Lever was not produced, and, as the charge was not sustained, the summons was dismissed. The proceedings in the action " Irwin v. Lever" were put in evidence, and Mr. Gilding, clerk to Messrs. Valiance and Valiance, the attorneys for Mr. Lever, was examined en the subject. Mr. Lever had been examined, as well as the insolvent and other witnesses in the law proceedings. Mr. Lever was not now in attendance. Mr. Sargood made an energetic speech on the part of Mr. Lever, complaining of the persecution of that gentleman by the insolvent, and of the groundlessness of the pretended claim made by the insolvent. He submitted that the debt for the costs had been improperly contracted, and that the in solvent was not entitled to further protection. Mr. Sturgeon commented on the absence of Mr. Lever on the present occasion, and urged that the insolvent was entitled to his continued protection. The insolvent believed that he had a claim against Mr. Lever, and vas anxious to pay the costs of the nonsuit that he might proceed with the matter. He denied that the gentleman now before the Court was influenced by the motives described by his learned friend. Mr. Commissioner Nichols, in giving his opinion, observed that he had to look at the debt due to Mr. Lever on the schedule. was for costs on a non suit. In order to show that the debt had been in curred without reasonable expectations of payment, or in other words that it was a vexatious action, there must be some evidence given to show that the insolvent had no ground for his action. Now he could say, as the insolvent claimed for services, there was no evidence given except by him, that he had no right to bring the action. His opinion was that the evidence would not warrant him on arriving at the conclusion that it was a vexatious action, and therefore he should appoint a day for the final order, and renew the protection. The final order was appointed for Dec. 4. to- ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE. WESTERN CIRCUIT.—EXETER, July 31. (Before Mr. Baron Channel].) CLAMPIT V. PRIDIIAM—BREACH OF PROMISE OF MARRIAGE. This was an action for breach of promise, damages being laid at £l,OOO. Mr. Collier, Q.C., and Mr. Carter were counsel for the plaintiff; and Sir F. Slade and Mr. Millar appeared for the defendant. Mr, Collier stated the case. The plaintiff was Miss Clampit, and she carried on the business of a draper in Bridge-street, Exeter. She was a highly-respectable woman, and had carried on her business with great propriety for some time. He could not call her a young woman, because he be lieved she was nearly 50. (Laughter.) The de fendant, who was a clergyman, the rector of a parish in Lincolnshire, but had resided in Devonshire for some time, became acquainted with the plaintiff in this manner. In December last, he came to Miss Clampit's shop for the purpose of inquiring the eharacter of a servant. He called a good many times, and appeared to have become very much attached, to her. Belonging to the Low Church party, and the plaintiff being a Dissenter, there was a good deal of conversation on religious sub jects, and defendant said he had written a work on Church reform, a subject in which he was a good deal interested. He lent her the book, and after that she received a note which a good deal sur prised her. It was to the effect that when he called upon her a fortnight ago, the plaintiff made a declaration respecting the conduct of servants, generally speaking, which gave him a high opinion of the integrity and uprightness of her mind ; that he loved a woman of such a disposition, and should like to obtain one for a wife, who could say from her heart—" Dear John, I love you sincerely ;" (laughter)—and that he wanted a partner to sooth and comfort him in passing through this wicked world, and in walking—not in the broad road that led to destruction, but in the narrow path that led to eternal life. Now, undoubtedly, the defendant was an old man, u,,wards of 70. The other side said he was 80. (Laughter.) But he (the learned counsel was informed that he was remarkably vigorous, and like Adam in " As You Like It," " His age was like a lusty winter, Frosty but kindly." (Laughter.) He did not know then, if a man was old, why ha should not take to himself a wife in his old age to sooth his declining years. He did not pretend that there was any romantic attachment, but he should show the• jury that there was a dis tinct contract to marry entered into by a man in the possession of his understanding. The learned coun sel then stated that defendant had fixed the day and given instructions for the marriage; that he had engaged Miss Pethybridge, a governess, to super intend the plaintiff's business whilst they were ab sent on their married tour ; that he had agreed to settle £5O a-year on the plaintiff, having informed her and others that he had an income of £3OO a year, and that the licence was taken out; but that in consequence of the defendant's daughters having over-persuaded him, a caveat was lodged with the registrar against the marriage, and it did not ac cordingly come off. A plea had been put on the record to the effect that the defrndant was of unsound mind, and after the case had been proceeded with for some time it was agreed between the learned counsel to settle the matter without going to the j ury , an d accor d. ingly a juror was withdrawn. THE HARVEST IN ESSEX.—The continuance of fine weather during the past few days has had a most bene ficial influence upon the corn crops, now generally becom ing fit for reaping. The wheat upon the more upland and light soils being quite ready for the sickle, harvest com menced in many districts on Monday, and large breadths of wheat are now standing in sheaves, but the harvest will not become general for another fortnight. The aspect of all kinds of grain is satisfactory, and expectations of a full average yield are entertained. The potato disease is un mistakeably spreading, and fears are awakened that its virulence will equal if not exceed that of former years. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's Ointment and Pills. — Precautions.—lt often ha2pens that a sickly person fails in obtaining a cure, though the malady is pertectly remediable by medicine. This arises frequently from misunderstand ings as to the dose or its repetition, Such errors cannot occur to those using Holloway's medicaments, as full printed directions envelope every packet, that the invalid may frequently refresh the memory. By their guidance progress towards the relief or cure of the malady advances without doubt or drawback. Holloway's simple directions are intelligible to all; a little attention alone is required. There is nothing dangerous or disagreeable in the composi tion of either the ointment or pills. They act harmoniously together, and in all diseases exercise the most soothing and wholesome action. POLICE INTELLIGENCE-July 31. THAMES.-.—SINGULAR CHARGE OF FRAUD: Abraham. Lazarus, a German Jew, described as a tailor, of No. 21, Mansell-street, Whitechapel, was brought before Mr. Woolrych, charged with obtain ing £3, a silver watch, a silver guard, a gold key, a gold ring, and a gold locket, value in all about £l5, by false and fraudulent pretences, with intent to cheat Marcus Felper. Mr. Gomm, from the office of Mr: Chas. Young, solicitor, defended the prisoner. The prosecutor is a Polish Jew, by trade a glazier, and dwelling at No. 7, Bedford-street, York-street, Walworth. He has a brother in Melbourne, and was desirous of proceeding to that place to meet him and spend the remain der of his days with one so near and dear to him. On the Bth of April last he met the pri soner, of whom he had some previous knowledge, and by appointment in Dock-street, Whitechapel. The prisoner said to him, " You want to go to your brother in Melbourne. I have a friend, a captain of a ship ; he will take you there cheap." The pro secutor said he was a very poor man, and asked how much was required. The prisoner said, " I will bring the captain out, and he will tell you what you ought to give him." The prisoner then took Felper to a place where there were a great many sailors, and which, according to his description, must have been the Sailors' Home, in Well-street. The prisoner repeatedly pointed to a young man in the building, called him out, and accompanied him and the pro secutor to a coffee-shop, where some papers were produced and written upon, and forms filled. The young man who represented the captain said he wanted £8 to convey the prosecutor to Melbourne. Felper said he had only £3 in money, and it was agreed that he should give that sum and a silver watch, silver guard, gold key, gold ring, and gold locket for his passage, and That the watch should be returned to him on reaching Melbourne on pay ing £l. The prisoner gave the prosecutor two re ceipts for the money and the articles mentioned, which he received and put in his pocket, and said, " Your passage is certain, and you will see your brother in a few months, and be very happy." Some other conversation took place. The prisoner and the pretended captain left the coffee-shop together. The prisoner said ti) the prosecutor, " I have settled it ; the ship will sail in a few days from London, and in two days you must be prepared." The pro secutor collected the little property he had and met the prisoner the following day on London-bridge. Lazarus said the ship which was to convey Felper to Melbourne would not sail from the port of London but from Liverpool, on which the prosecutor began to cry loudly, and said, " What shall I do." The pri soner said, "You must go to Liverpool directly, or you will lose your passage." The prosecutor with great difficulty raised sufficient money to pay his passage per railway to Liverpool, and the prisoner after writing upon one piece of paper " Ship C. G. Roget," and upon another " Chas. Harris, 107, Bath street, Liverpool," directed Felper to call at the last named place on reaching Liverpool, and he would see there the captain of the C. G. Roget, who would accompany him to the ship and put him in possession of his berth. Felper implicitly believed every word and every representation made by the prisoner, but on reaching Liverpool found he had been hoaxed. He remained in the town five days, no such ship as the C. G. Roget could be found, and no one answering the description of Charles Harris of the "Hotel de Countenant," 107, Bath-street, could be discovered. The prosecutor returned to London penniless, and in a state of great destitu tion. He sought for the prisoner at his usual haunts, but in vain, and did not meet with him until Tues day night, and he then gave him into custody. The defence set up by Mr. Gomm was that Fel per was mistaken in the identity of the man who so vilely cheated him, and that he had actually given another man into custody and caused him to be taken to the Whitechapel station-house, in Leman street, where he was detained for two hours. The prosecutor explained that be gave a man into custody who knew the prisoner and refused to state where he was to be found. Mr. Woolrych said to know a man who had com mitted a fraud or robbery was no offence at all. He intended to commit the prisoner for trial. Before the depositions were completed he would see the police inspector for the purpose of ascertaining what actually occurred at the station-house. The prisoner was then remanded until Tuesday. - it is opened by the tunnel, through Piedmont, the Emilian provinces, and the straight coast line of the Marches and of the old Neapolitan territories, as far perhaps as Brindisi, which looks right into the Levant. BRAINS OF MEN OF GENIUS. In my letter published in the Kerry Star of July 3d, I stated, when noticing the death of Lord Camp bell, that there was no post-mortem examination, i but I think there ought to have been, and such ! the opinion of the first medical men in London. have just learned that there really was a very care ful examination of the body, and the report when published in extenso will be read with interest. learned to-day some of the particulars. In the first place, the brain was of considerable size and re markably healthy; its weight was 53 ounces and a quarter ; the heart was considerably (hypertrophied ) enlarged with atheromatous deposits in the valves of the aorta, commonly known as valvular diseases of the heart—the right side of the heart was quite te empty, but the left side full of blood. The liver was enlarged and full of cysts. There is one feature connected with the case of Lord Campbell of some importance. It is the enormous size of the brain in a perfectly healthy state in a man, such as Lord Campbell, of 80 years of age, who had gone through more hard drudgery and plodding brain-work than any other man of modern times. There are only two cases on record of brains being larger than that of the late Lord High Chancellor of England ; the first is that of envier, the great naturalist, whose brain weighed 59 ounces four drachms and 3 0 grains ; the next is that of Dupuytren, the famous French surgeon, weighing 58 ounces, but in both cases the brain matter was found In a state of dis ease. The general weight of the brains of male adults in Europe varies from 40 to 52 ounces, and the brains o, females are usually four to eight i ounces less in weight than those of males, and it s singular to observe that there is not one case on re cord of a female brain weighing more than 48 ounces. Another circumstance I wish more par ticularly at present to bring under the notice of the psychologist of, not only Kerry, but of Munster, is t hat here in England the brains of the Southern popu lation are much smaller than those of the North. I learned a short time since that a very large manufac turer in London sends all his large hats to the north of England for sale. Another peculiar cir cumstance regarding this cerebral development Is that on the north-east coast of Scotland the cere brum or cerebellum or brain matter is in m uch greater abundance with individuals residing in those localities than, not only the other parts of Scotland, but of anywhere else. Now, Lord Campbell, as well as Sir David Wilkie, and others of great mental capacity, were natives of Fifeshire, and it is curious to make out how locality could influence such a peculiar development. The size and fulness of the cranii peculiar to the residents in those parts of Scotland, is sought by some to be accounted for from the circumstance that the Danes, Norsemen, or Scandinavians, who had centuries ago invaded those parts and settled there, had left numerous offspring' and that the old people inhabiting the north-east coast of Scotland preserve all the characters of those invaders. The brains of a great majority of the people in the western counties of England and especially about Somersetshire are small, and as compared with others not of much weight. The average weight of the brains of those dying in the Somersetshire Asylum is 30oz. In men with small brains, however, fine qualities are to be observed , and a great amount of genius. —London Correspon dent of Kerry Star. COUNTRY MARKETS. SHEFFIELD-JULY 30, A small attendance, and the supply of grain was belay/ the average. Trade ruled dull, and prieeP., were unchanged' The weather continues unsettled. Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bu:shels 24s Od to 26s Ocl. White ?) )) 258 Od to 28$ Oc! New red l7B Od to 2 6 s 0 1 New white :, , 22s Od to 2 6 s Oa ,7 Beans ~ l6s Od to 1880 Peas, per qr . ), 54s Od to 55s Od Grinding barley, pe r qr 33 s Od t o 35s Od Malting ditto, ~ 358 Od to 43s 00l Oats )1 2ss 6d to 3 4 s Od Millers' prices for flour-2s 2d, 2s 4d, and 28 7d p et 141 b. NEWARK—Jun- 31.: The show of wheat from the growers to-day was bY. l l° means abundant, and sales took place at fully former price s : Barley hardly an average show, and trade was inactive, at recent rates. Oats were scarce, with a steady inquul' Beans were in moderate request at late quotations. „ White wheat, new, 65s to 70s Barley, grinding.. 3 0 s to 3a' Red do. 6os to 65s Oats, old, .. 32s to 34' Old white 658 to 70s New do 24:?. to 28 8 Red do.. 50s to 60s Beans.. 54s to 58 0 Barley, malting... . 388 to 42s Beans,. new 40s to 465 Peas, ....40s to 50s. TILE ITALIAN RAILWAY TUNNEL, TURIN, July 27.—The projected railway tunnel through the Alpine barrier between France and Italy, that is, between Savoy and Piedmont, is actually fast progressing towards its perfect reali sation, and the new method, the new motive force employed here to piene a carriage way through seven or eight miles thickness of the mountain, has proved even more efficient than its inventors had promised. The excavating machinery, as designed by Messrs. Grattone and Sommeiller, consists of a set of chisels and steel pointed instruments propelled against the solid rock by the elastic power of con densed air in a closed horizontal tube, when the air has been suddenly compressed by a rush of falling water poured dawn into a vertical tube, at the other end of the horizontal. This econo mical substitute for steam, in a country where there is no coal, but where torrents and cas cades are available at every turn, is now rapidly opening a new high road for our travellers and traffickers to pass from England via France and Italy, to Egypt, India, and Australia. Instead of having nearly to circumnavigate the Mediterranean as they now do, from Marseilles all round outside the islands of Sardinia and Sicily to Malta, and thence to Alexandria, they will have an unbroken land journey from Calais to one of the Adriatic ports, almost within sight of Corfu, and there em bark in the Vectis or some other English mail packet, shortening the voyage to Alexandria by two-thirds of its present duration. The Minister of Public Works, Commendatore Peruzzi, accompanied by several members of the Chamber of Deputies, and an Inspector-General of French Engineers, devoted two nights and the in. tervening Sunday, without absenting himself from his usual week-day labours, to visit the Italian end of the tunnel at Bardoneche. The French end of it is at Modane, and they are cutting away at the same time, with about equal speed, approaching the dead waist and middle of their gigantic enemy, the mountain, through whom they are boring such a hole. In the presence of this company, and of several distinguished Italian mechanicians, the boring apparatus, within less than one hour, made 70 perforations, varying from 60 to 90 centimetres in depth, in the vertical face of the schistose rocks. The machine is then drawn back along the tunnel, for a hundred yards or so; the holes, which may be an inch or so in diameter, are charged with gun powder, and exploded like an ordinary mine. With a single pointed drill, moved entirely by this force of condensed air, a hole of sixty centimetres in depth, or about two feet English, is bored in ten minutes, which the manual labour of three strong miners could not do in an hour. The ordi nary action of the machinery is to pierce twenty or thirty holes simultaneously in a narrow space where three or four men could not easily stand working together. The time gained by applying this new system may therefore be easily calculated. Some time must of course be lost in withdrawing the ap paratus, after boring a set of holes three or four feet deep, then exploding them and removing the rubbish, after which the set of borers may again be advanced, and the air tubes adjusted for another stroke. The whole series of operations does not, however, require three or four hours, so that several distinct steps forward are made in a day. For the last few weeks, on the Modane side, they have been getting on at tLe rate of six metres a day, which is at the rate of more than two kilometres, or more than a mile and a half in the year. It is reasonably expected that as theworkmen grow more expert they will do three kilometres a year, at which rate the tunnel will be finished in 1864. The increasing length of the horizontal air tube, as the boring proceeds, is found not to diminish the motive force, although where it stands at present the boring apparatus works at a distance of 1,500 metres from the place where, the water falls. Another unfavourable pre diction was, that they would come upon granite, or tap subterranean lakes. The rock, however, is of a very manageable consistence, being a rather soft schist, with some veins of silex ; and very little water oozes from the roof or sides of the tunnel. The contracts that have actually been nego ciated, and which the Legislature has approved, along with some other contracts still open to the earth-subduing Titans of the modern world, on terms which the Ministry has been authorised to propose, extend from the northern to the southern most regions of Italy. From the Maritime Alps of Piedmont and Liguria, which will be tunnelled thefor the line this morning decided upon, between the system port of Savona and the city of Turin, already stipulated for and decree d reaches down to . have been those Neapolitan transverse lines which conceded to M. Talabot and his partners,con neeting the Tyrrhene shore con necting the Gulf of Salerno with Taranto with Bari the ni Adriatic, and on the opposite side. Below these lie the Cal a b r i an and Sicilian lines, inclu i d t e hT d w i Ao n d t as h ini e cii h iia a en s s t ,d y wL a ehrn g rni r c e h em i is e fo n ar t that Garibaldi madew e all the railways of the subject of dispute. The general design that pre vails throughout all these grand and useful under takings, since the revolutions of last year, is that of Italian unity. They are intended to supply a con tinuous series of locomotive traffic roadways along that inevitable direct channel of commerce between Western Europe and Asia, from Mont Cenis, when HULL—J . I3Ix 30. Our market to-day was fairly attended by the trade, and we had a moderate supply of wheat, which was sold ra ther freely at late currencies. Foreign in good demand. Barley met with a large demand for feeding purposes, and malting sorts were inquired alter. Fine samples cf oats were scarce, and a shade dearer. Beans and peas dull of sale, but prices unaltered. Wheat .. .. Old white.... per qr 6os Od to 64s 0 Old red New white .. „ New red .... „ Dantzic, Konb , &c. old white 54s Od to 65s 0 1 Dutch, Belgian, and French 5OB Od to 58s OA Baltic and Hamburg,, red 548 Od to 57s ?I St. Petersburg and Riga, old 46s Od to 48s u? Barley.... English malting 32s Od to Ms 91 Grinding 3os Od to 32s 01 Saal and Oderbruck Holstein and Danish s2s Od to 548 21 Grinding Oats English, old Archangel and Riga, per 5t..1;50' Friesland and Dutch osl3d to Osill Swedish and Danish osl2d to osl 06 Beans ....English, old, per qr ' 4Bs Od to 508 na New pigeon 42s Od to 44 8 ,',t, New tick. 4os Od to 42 8 `,:i Egyptian 27 5204: l Od 02 di dt t to t 0 2 29 4. 38s Od to 408 Oa Peas Foreign breakers . Grinding32B v 30$ Od to Od Tares ....Sping —s Od to --8 Oa Indian Corn Linseed, feeding £8 15 4 5 0 0 2 s s t 0 0 0 d d ttoo £9 551 Oa (0 crushing Linseed cakes (Hull) Foreign] 8 10.:0 to 9 0 Rape cakes 5 0 ot o 5 i n ' ,, a Bones 415 oto 5 0 BRISTOL SUGAR—JULY 31. kr We have had a very q u i e t mar k e t f or s ugar this wO e ce and to effect sales of any importance importers would, ha w to accept something less than last week's prices, exclePLii, fine kinds, which maintain previous rates. Rum wry u`" and rather lower. COAL MARK (Prioes of Coal per Ton at s. d. Carway and Duffryn Malting 24 0 Do. Anthraeite 21 6 Wylam 15 6 Walker Primrose 12 9 Tanfield Moor 13 3 Hartlepool West Hart ley 16 3 Craghead Hartley 15 0 Hastings Hartley l7 0 Ships at marker :ET—JULY 31. the close of the market Walls End. $ d, / 6 Shine ........... 1, 0 Trimdon Thornley.• •• 1 9 6 South Hetton ......... I .p t Brsddyll's Hetton ..... " 6 Hetton . Hartlepool . ....... 199 3 Russel's Hetton .. 18 Durham 16 v 6 Stewart'z„ „ 19 6 8yr0n..•.• 18 A• 87 sold, 61. THE ARM OF ST. JOHN THE 'BAPTIST. 'The commission charged to carry back to Barcelona the rit, arm of St. John the Baptiit left this city yesterday remarkable relic had been taken from Barce lona , to vilu e : place it belongs, to the oratory of the Queen, and t ina b e a n ifeY. accouchement of her Majesty is ascribed to it s This holy relic was the object of great veneration on the part of the pious persons of Madrid all the time it w as ev posed in the church of San Francisco G ra nde. The nnn. were not deprived of the privilege of adoring it, the Vert.: Prior Commissioner, accompanied by three m embers of hlo order, having presented the precious treasure in each of the 28 chapels of the convents of this capital.—lliadrid Gazelle' BIRTHS. BADDELEY.—On the 27th ult., at Gorleston, Suffolk, t he BhEeeosnf Marquis vs t h oo e n l u ° t xE e , sl. 0, n wife of Lieut.-Col. Baddeley, of a son. CHOLMONDELEY.—On the 26th ult., at Abbot's Moss, Cbe° shire, the Hon. Mrs. Cholmondeley, of a daughter. f NIAB.—On the 29th July, at Surbiton, Surrey, the wife ° Rear-Admiral Nias, C. 8., of a daughter. MARRIAGES. o l f v. B p ri . s li to o l, d t: e ltll,litstratnhde wyrdolleuoSi HERVEY--BENYON.—On the 30th ult., at St. Georgefl Hanover-square, Lord Augustus H. C. Harvey, s ec°ll t 63d Regiment, a SGetchwert`^‘ Eaton-square, William Hick the 30th ult., at St. Pe s te o r h l; son of the late Sir ... Slade, Bart., to Cecilia Louisa,s'late W daughter of the o f Charles Des V R oeux, art., and niece to the Mag i ' Winchester, S r .gPAasnprhkEot ....... daughter a Dt A B A N :T n irllf ß eat r E oi fvssmi: 7 . A j t a l m V e i s ll i o p i w . E An Co A t d ta r T e g w e ll , s. Hampstead, Harriet, the .—On the 27th ult., very suddenly, at 10, Port - -terrace, Southsea, Commander John A. Bathuist, INN:: youngest son of the late Commodore Bathurst, BITHREY.—On the 29th ult., at 7, Bury- street, St. James's/ Mr. W. Bithrey. FTSHER.—On the 24th ult., in Beaumont -street, Elizabeth, relict of the late Rear-Admiral William Fisher. PELLEW.—On the 28th ult. a t Marseilles, Admi ral the Hon. Sir Fleetwood B. R. ult., C. 8., K.C.H., eldest surviving son of the late Admiral Viscount Exmouth, G.C.8., aged 70. RonEirrs.—On the 27 th ult., at Marlows, Hemel Hemp' stead, Herts, Wm. Roberts, Esctged LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG, at No. 112, Strand , Pr inter, at THE SUN Ofitoe, 112,Strall(4 in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County of Thuradity, AligUAt 1 1 ISOI. • ato Val Oe lest s Lie 0 th e Core FIR S PI ti c k, In Darti tea r , Eq Pay a Th At Life. 1 T la l rnit a