The Sun. — London, England, 1842-06-04 00:00:00

11.. Bat, at the same time, let them speak the truth. The power I had affirmed two resolutions to the effect . that the present state I wending a Member to Parliament was used by the people— i of society was fast involving the middle, and working classes in for what? Why, that they might have the power of making I ruin, and they had also affirmed a resolution, that the ordinary their own laws through that person. Well, was there no country • financial, commercial, political, and theological schemes, were of that had exercised this power ? There was a country—a demo- no service. Having. progressed so far, an important task eracy such as the world had yet never seen—a democracy, such as remained for him, namely, to propose what he conceived very likely the world would never see again ; because, in addi- to be a substantial measure .of relief, and which was em tion to possessing the best form of Republicanism bodied in the following resolution— . That the only effectual which the world ever yet had seen, they had, added to this, and permanent remedy is to provide constant beneficial and better than all this,—millions of people--millions of fer- employment for all, and a sound practical education, for tile and uncultivated land,—rivers that looked like oceans. the rising generation in Colonies at Home, under associated I The population, too , spru n g from the same stock as ourselves, arrangements uniting the interests of all parties." In establish .they were, industrious, and possessed energy and all the re- ing the truth of this proposition it might be necessary to take quisites to call into being the immense wealth their natural I up the views expressed by the previous speaker who had met the , s esoureee had furnished them with.—(Cheers.) What was political views of the question. It was observed by Mr. Parry, the result of this pol,itical freedom—what was the result of all in the speech which he made in reply to Mr. Fleming, that . this immense power of producing wealth which they had lying political changes would be established if the Charter became the 1 around them? Let them read the American papers for an law of the land, which would secure permanent relief to the answer—let them read the debates of the Congress of that suffering people of this country. He also told them that the American Republic for a reply—let them read the statement Charter would be a measure of full justice.—( Cries of "It is of the President of the Republic. He (Mr. Fleming) held in so.") Now with respect to the Charter, he declared that he his hand a letter dated 14th May, from Philadelphia, and he went the whole length of the Charter, and much further, would read an extract to describe the result—the actual re- but still he declared that the Charter was not a full measure of stilt of political power with the knowledge how to use it : justice, inasmuch as it was a species of class-legislation, cutting " I have nothing at present to say, more than that We are in a off one half the human race—woman.—(Loud cheers.) It was terrible situation, and I fear it will be long before we are an artificial principle of justice, to exclude woman from equal better. Our merchants are failing by dozens—business is at a rights with man; and no measure or scheme, whether known stand, and the Sheriff is the only man busy." Why, this by the name of the Charter or by any other name, could be a was the exact counterpart of Stockport. There, as in measure of full justice, unless it secured equal rights and privilgea America, the merchants were failing by degrees, and the to both sexes—( Cheers )—and this he felt to b e a p eculiar feat ure sheriff's officer was the only man busy. This needed not to be of the system of home colonization which he proposed for their dwelt upon. It was a fact that, at this moment, destitution adoption. Mr. Parry told them that this system was a paltry prevailed. Commerce was embarrassed, bankruptcies and in- system; that they had occupied a number of years in establishing solvencies were rife in all the commercial towns. This distress a small community at Tytherly, and that if they made such must continue so long as they persisted in continuing a bad sys- slow progress, it would require one hundred years before they tem; 'therefore let them proceed to colonize society upon rational could colonize the whole population. He answered, look to principles, and one class would then be unable to opress an- what they had accomplished towards the salvation of society ether, It was time that the whole truth upon the matter was in the last five or six years. Let them compare this with the known. They would blame no man or body of men—what progress which had been made in political agitation for uni they blamed was the false system under which they lived, versal suffrage since the daysof Hunt and Carte right. 'Why the and they ought therefore to take means, as speedily as possible, country was in a worse state than it ever had been, although to alter that system—which was injurious to all classes of so • the last forty or fifty years had been devoted to agitations upon ciety—until they carried out a truly catholic and elevated spirit ; the most extended scale for political change, and notwithstand untd they discarded from their minds all paltry prejudices and ing all the exertions of these people, it was likely to continue Wass training ; until they could learn to view their fellow-men so ; while they (the Socialists) had been progressing amidst as children of one father, inhabiting one common home, har- the persecution and opposition of all parties, with nothing moniously living together, where they could not injure one to encourage them save a deep-grounded conviction of the without diminishing the happiness of the whole.— (Cheers.) truth of their principles and their competency to effect the Until they learnt the valuable lesson, hew to construct mea- ultimate salvation of the human race.—( Loud cheers. ) sures beneficial to all, they could not take the first step towards What had the Socialists accomplished in the last four or five regeneration, or benefiting of their fellow beings.—(Hear.) years? Why, in the last nine months they had obtained up- He had only one more point to allude to, and that was to refer 1 wards of 1,200 acres of land, upon which they had erected a to the theological plans. He really did not think he had much 1 building equal, nay, superior to the mansio ns of the arisen. need to do so. He had no doub t that those g entlemen brou g ht up ' cracy.—(Cheers.) They had other advantages, too, which in Uesiversities and various Colleges were quite as consistent, no other establishment in the country could exhibit; and u ite as unblameable in believi n g the su p eriorit y of the it would form a nucleus, a centre, from which would radiate Church, and wishing for church-building and new Bishops. measures that would carry salvation to the des erted homes of Doubtless their disposition s were good. They were as honest the working-classes of this avid of every other country, and well.minded as any other party he had named. The fact under heaven. This was what they had accomplished during had often struck him when passing through our University , the last few years. Mr. Parry affected to de a l ise this ex towns, that they were large manu fa c tories for turnin g out I periment, but he ought to recollect .that the first step in all characters for theological pursuits. The raw material was 1 new measures was the most difficult and dangerous ; did sent down partially worked out—( Laughter)—and they came he forget the difficulty which had attended the application out not 39 yards long, but certainly 39 Articles strong.— ( A of steam to locomotive purposes? Did he not know laugh.) Then they were bound t o b e lieve th ose Articles as the that the project for lighting that great city with gas was best things in the world. The d oc t r i ne was a first-rate doctrine ; derided as visionary by the so-called very ablest practical men and this being a kind of trade, they required shops, and it was of that day, and that the project for. railways shared the same therefore natural that they should build new ones, and attach fate? Yet they were now enjoying the benefit of gas and themselves to a party that would give them assistance. But railways. And so it was—the visionary scheme of yesterday they must not blame them for that. They were like them- became the practical reality of to-day. Mr. Parry had re selves—the creatures of the circumstances in which they were ferred to America, and said that, if they consulted Basil placed. Any one in that meeting who was opposed to this Hall and Buckingham, they would find that America pos class, would—hart he been brought up under the same cir- sensed many solid advantages derived from universal suffrage cumstances, trained in the same manner, surrounded by the •in that country. He (Mr. Buchanan) had read the works of same incitements--have been exactly like one of them. No Miss Martineau only six months since, and yet, notwithstanding matter how wrong any fellow-man might be—no matter the statements of Mr. Parry, Miss filartineau declared what class training he had received, he acted under the control ' that America presented all the errors and anomalies of the corn . of circumstances. But there was a medium party who sought I petitive system of this country ; and Mr. Buckingham declared for rational reform, for universal reform, for harmonious re- that you dare not open your mouth in vindication of the rights form, for moral reform, who would teach man to go forward of the slave. This was not the case in the slave-holding States with his heart in his hand teaching truths, and breathing the alone, but the prejudice against the black population and the spirit of charity to all men, explaining in that spirit the grin- slave population in the minds of the aristocratic class, was dis eiples and practice by which every child born into society might played in Philadelphia, and the cities of Carolina and Georgia. from its birth be made to become, through the medium of This was a system which was the result of class legislation, superior training, a happy, intelligent, and a useful being. He and nothing better could be done until home colonization, upon would leave to those who would follow him the task of explain- I the wide and comprehensive basis set forth in the resolution, ',ing how . that was to be done. He had discharged, to the I was carried out. When every man and woman should be use best of his ability, the duty which had devolved upon him, , fully employed in cultivating the soil, combined with moderate without bad feeling to any, for he believed that every one of and scientifically-arranged labour in manufactures, then would the projects he had attacked were put forward honestly, and I there be no overbearing landlords, or manufacturing tyrants. that many . of them contained truth, so far as they went ; --(Cheers.) The present system of society would be changed— but the principle he contended for was one which would con- I it would he changed for one of the highest state of perfection ; tain all truth, and was based on universal first principles, and labour would be brought to bear on the production of the most believing that the country could only he emancipated by these useful articles of wealth ; and machinery—that monster power, means, his proposed the resolution, " That none of the ordi- that demon of destruction now, would, under a well-combined . narily pro posed measures—financial, commercial, political, or system of society, itself become an angel of light, scatter theological—are competent to effect substantial permanent re- ing comfort and blessing around.—(Cheers.) Under the pre lief from the increasing difficulties and sufferings of the middle sent system, woman, regardless of her condition, was employed and working classes."—( Cheers.) day after day, and became a mere drudge and slave; in the Mr. Fist: It said it would not be necessary for him to say words of the old song, a woman's labours were never ended ; but many words in seconding the motion which had been placed , in the state they proposed it would be entirely altered.— before them, it having been dealt with in all its I (Cheers.) Mr. Buchanan concluded a long and eloquent speech parts se well by the previous speaker. The subject of Iby proposing the third resolution. the resolution naturally divided its elf into four p arts, in con- I Mr. HALL, having briefly seconded the resolution, sidering of the remedies proposed. Those of a financial ' Mr. %V HEELER rose to speak to it. He said he should nature would net answer the desired eff e c t, of removin g the ! not propose any amendment, but he considered the only means distress of the people. He need not say more en that question. ;of emancipating the nation was by the adoption of the Charter. Both Whigs and Tories had in Parliament, at the commence- I Mr. M‘Mtneess rose to move an amendment. He said he merit of the session, told the people plainly that they had no was surprised to see so many assembled together to deny the remedy for their distresses. Having this told to them at the , existence of a God.—(Loud laughter was excited by this un onset, rt was folly to expect that any remedy would be proposed. , warranted assumption, and cries of " It's an insult to the • They had measures brought before Parliament—and a!most , meeting ; put him down," &c., &c., in the midst of whet' the only thing Sir Robert Peel had in view was—to make up he sat down.) the deficiency in the revenue. Now he had two ways of I The resolution . was then put, and carried amidst much doing this—either by lessening the expenses, or increasing cheering. the income • but so far from adopting the former , and I Mr. GA LPIN p ro p osed the followin g resolution :—" That the most rational mode of restoring the finances, he allowed ' means to provide constant beneficial employment to all, and a the present lavish expenditure to continue . Two unnecessary sound practical education for the rising generation, are pos war. were still persisted in, viz., the war in the East Indies and i sessed in superabundance by the middle and working classes, the war with China, which, betore they were ended, would cost t were they united : and that it is in the power of these classes, the country many millions of money. And a more unjust, a by a wise combination of their mental and physical resources, more gruel, a more irrational war was never undertaken by any \ speedily to secure a high degree of permanent progressive people than the war in the East Indies and the war in China, 1 prosperity." He regretted that at that late hour he w a s pre ow, a rational man would hay* taken means to put a stop to l vented from going into the subject matter of the ressolution so these two wars, and have saved the country from those expenses i fully zit wt. desirable. He must, in consequence, content him- Which, however unnecessary they were, would be entailed ' self by stating that all that was requisite to relieve the country uphn them. Surely no one could expect that the condition of from its present difficulties, now and for ever, was a sc.entific one class of the people could be improved by imposing an in- , union of land, labour, skill, and capital—every one of which they some-tax.. It might be one of the best taxes to lay on, to tax had in great plenty. One full, self-supporting experiment, ' • the rich. ' That he would n ot dis p ute. But could the p oor be would decide the principle, and to establish this they required improved by taxing the rich and middle classes? No ; because ; about 2.000 acres of land; as many inhabitants, located the rich and middle classes would of course lesson their exper di- 1 thereon in buildings scientifically arranged, and in the usual sure. They would discharge their serv ants, the y would con- 1 proportions of men, women, and children—the best skill which sume less in their families, and the consequence would be a de- : could he obtained—and, with respect to capital, say one million crease in business to that extent; therefore, no class would be sterling, which would include the purchase of the land, the benefited by the measure. Then, with respect to the remedy erection of bui'dings of all kinds, stock, furniture, &c. The which had been alluded to by Mr. Fleming, and which 1 operations of colonies founded on these principles would afferd was proposed by the Charter—(Cheers) —why, they had this , a larger interest, and far better security for the funds advanced, principle in America, which had a democrat ic Govern- 1 to any extent, than any other investment which could now be merit of the best form which had appeared for very many found in the world. Under wise arrangements the scheme ages, indeed, perhaps, that had appeared in the world, would be adapted to all ranks and classes of the people, offering yet in democratic America, they well continued among advantages which were not to be obtained by any under the them the African slave-trade.—( Hear, and cheers.) Now, present system. It would, however, if adopted, as it should be, if democracy gave the people equal rights only, why did it nor by the Governmeut, or large capatilists, on an extensive scale, induce democratic America to liberate the slaves? They almost immediately absorb all the unemployed labour ; skill, and found, upon reading accounts of the state of America, that the capital of the country, and place the adult population in a con democratical party in America were some of the greatest up- dition of high prosperity and happiness, whilst it would give holders of At rican slavery.—(Hear.) lie need not, as the to their children a sound practical education.—( Cheers. ) Time, nine was going on, say any more ; and, as there were a great however, would not now permit him to go into details, and he number to speak after him; he would therefore conclude by must, therefore, refer them to the works of their Venerable seconding the resolution which had been laid b e f ore Chairman, who had had a large share of experience in these them. —( Cheers. ) matters. These, together with any further information, might Mr. PA RIIT said he was opposed to the resolution upon be obtained, on application at the Home Colonization Office, many grounds, but it was not his intention to distu r b th e 57, Pall-mall; and he would recommend, as many as could, to harmony of the meeting which had been called by Mr. Owen, visit the Society's estate, in Hampshire, and judge for theme for the purpose, be presumed, of expounding the principles of selves.—(Cheers.) what he called home colonization. It was not his intention to Mr. T. HUNT seconded the resolution, which was carried disturb the harmony of the meeting by proposing any unanimously. amendment ;Ire should vote against the resolution himself, Mr. TRAVIS proposed the following resolution :—" That the and he would state to the meeting the reason which remedy ought to be immediately applied under the direction of the induced him to do so. He had listened to Mr. Fleming with Government ' • but that—as it is evident that those who conduct patience and attention in hinging forward the resolution, and the national affairs are unacquainted with the mode by which he would endeavour, in the' same c'tlm spirit which Mr. such remedy can be applied—this meeting do petition both Fleming had displayed, to state his objections to what had Housesof Parliament, memorialize the Government, and ad been said in support of the resolution. Mr. Fleming said that dress her Majesty, praying that efficient individuals may be there had been no political scheme jet devised as a satisfac- appointed to investigate this most important subject." He tory remedy for the great evils 'under which society at present la- then read the following MemoEMORIALrial, Petition, and Address. boureth he would not deal with the financial scheme. He " M would say nothing about the Income-tax that night, nor would "Of a Meeting called by public advertisement, held at the he say anything on the theological plans, as, according to his Crown and Anchor Tavern, London, on Wednesday, notions, no man could judge another—it was a question alone June 1, 1842, to the Government of Great Britain sod between his God and himself.—( Cheers.) He would Ireland, conitie himself to political subjects, and he said " Showeth,—That your Memorialists find that a large per he did believe there had been devised a scheme—a tion of both classes are in a degraded and deplorable state of line of policy which would redeem this nation from existence, and experience much mental suffering, such as on its present financial and other difficulties. That scheme human beings should be compelled to continue to suffer in any was the Charter.—( Cheers.) Why were the working classes civilised country, after remedies have been discovered. suffering ?It was because they had NO control over the Go- " That Great Britain and its dependencies superabound with vernment and Legislature of the country. Mr. Fleming ridi- all the means to remove these evils.. • - culed what he called political doctors; but there was another " That your Memorialists blame no parties for this state of elms quite as great empirics, for he had yet to learn that the low wretchedness with which so large a portion of the popu- Socialists were better than any other class of society in mending lation is afflicted. or for the grievous mental sufferings foother the condition of the people. Mr. Owen said the y must begin by large portions of it ; but attribute the cause to the naturl and producing wealth for themselves.—( Great cheering.) Now the unavoidable progress from an inferior to a superior state of so- Charter would enable them to do this. —( Cries of " Ni,," disap- eiety. probation, and cheers.) The Charter alone would be the means " That your Memorialists are deeply impressed with the of accomplishing this.— (Disapprobation.) He would place a conviction that the means of relief from these evils—means few facts before them. Those who were rational would listen to new so abundant within the British dominions—might be him, those who were not he did not fear. How was the sys- applied most advantageously for all parties at this period, to , tern of home colonization to wark ? The then sm all and con- immediately diminish, and ere long entirely remove, the paratively insignificant co!ony at Tytherly, how had they pro- causes which now create so much misery and discontent gressed ? And to carry out the scheme they would require throughout the population of these realms. hundreds of thousands of pounds, for home colonization could " That your Memorialists haven plain, simpleplanof relief for not proceed without funds. He wanted to know how they these evils, which they request the Government to investigate, were to get those funds. Mr. Owen proposed to appeal - . to' and if it should be found efficient fur the purpose, that it may the rich. Now, did Mr. Owen believe thit that appeal would be adopted. be effectual? He wished it might be so. 'f They had " That your Memorialists urge this measure on the Govern been engaged for years upon Tytherly, and wet it was not meet, because 110 ether party appears to have examined this finished now, and if the whole scheme was to be judged by this, subject to its foundation, or to have proposed any effectual per they would never accomplish it. • Mr. Owen said that home manent remedy. . colonisation would be a good investment—that he would be able " And your Memorialists will ever pray," Bcc. to pay interest on the capital; but he asked whether he could,- s' PETITION. with the shadow of hope, expect the wealthy classes to assist is To both Houses of Parliament agreed, &c. in home colonization ? Whoever beard of the wealthy classes " Showeth,—That your petitioners are deeply impressed with corning forward en masse to relieve the sufferings of the great th e difficulties and dangers in which all classes are involved in mass of the population ? He said that the question was absurd. Great Britain and Ireland; difficulties and dangers created by They did not ask for the charity of the wealthy—all they t h e wanted was for th e p oor man to have his rights.—(Cheers.) past proceedings of society. " 1 hat the causes of these evils have been calmly sought by The miserable charities of this country had been its curse. They your petitioners ; that they have discovered these causes ; and had soup societies, and a number of other societies, all of also the only effectual remedies for them.' English labourer which would not be required if the labourer had his rights— "'That these remedies are now easy of application, and would (Loud cheers ) He wanted tobe found most advantageous for the whole population, of every rank and class. earning his own livelihood by the sweat se of his brow, which he could not do now, for there was rehousoualiadd remainfrightful di thetdule- " That your petitioners pray your Right Honourable (or tion throughout the land, andHonourable) House to appoint a Parliamentary . Commission or wHneedidwnot consider th w e present evil institutions c ontinued. Committee, or to adopt any other more efficient mode, as it classes were going to ruin, for they , were better off now than may deem best, to investigate these causes and remedies. ever they were.—(Loud cries of ' No, no ;" and cdnsider . - " And your petitioners will ever pray," &c• voing to ruin, for if able confusion.) The working man"ADDRESS " To her Most Gracious Majesty ; 'from a Meeting called by they went into his room they found destitution and distress, but tublic advertisement, and held at the Crown and Anchor 't avern, on Wednesday, June 1, 1842. they did not find that in the tradesman's parlour. _ And l what ~ We, "May i N t ia p j l e e s a t s y e ,i vo rn ur s A t l f a a le tah st f y u , l was the reason the middle classes' enjoyed a arger shire of the franchise of the country ? First, the franchise was possessed by the Monarchy alone, and it thrived * subjects, in public meet under it ; then the aristocracy possessed it, and they thrived ing assembled, are impelled b under it, and by the Reform Bill the middle classes possessed deeply suffering, industrious population strong sense of duty to the o n f o f facts to realms, yourto aj et y. pre it, and they thrived under it.—( Cries of " No, no," and con sent the following simple stateme a n t r fusion.) Air. Fleming had said that America was distressed, for your consideration, as chief ruler 31 • • andn choice of of the but he did not find such a thing mentioned in the works of Mt. British Empire, upon whom, throug Ru-kineham, Miss Martineau, or even Mrs. Trollops. Look Ministers, the care and well-being of the whole population at Switzerland far a perfect democracy; there they saw the more especially devolve. .rThat a large portion of the we -di People happy. In conclusion he must ago n retreat that thell 'sposed and i n d us t r i ous country could never prdsper until the Charter became law. part of thepopulation of Great Britain and Irel an d are unem - Mr. FLEMING said the time of the evening would not permit e him to reply to Mr. Parry, and in declining to do so he begged p eyed, half - employed, •r Th at c onsiderable or numbers ill-employed ofi sthtait of brutal ign orance . s populati on are unedu to say that it was not because he could not bring good and rated or ill-educated , an d many in .. ardent reasons in reply, but that he would leave it to the proposer of the neat, restitution, who would, he hoped, take up vice, crime, and misery, h • have latterly such parts as required attention. ' rapidly increased, until now theyhave attained an appalling ex " That, inconsequence, A Wcieetem h e rose, and said he wished to an tent throughout England , Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. amen d me nt to the resolution. H e s h ou ld no t propose address the " That this state of matte rs seriously endan g ers the safet y and well-being of your Maj esty's dominions , and the continuo meeting long in support of it, as he was an uneducated man. H e t h ou ght the working man ought to possess the franchise, ante of Royal power, by reason of its g reat ex p enditure and which was only his right, and he should therefore propose the these most unsatisfactory results. fellovving amendment :—" That it is the opinion of this meet- " That we are most desirous to prevent the longer continu ing. that the working classes of this country will n o t obtains ance of these evils to the people, and danger to the . Govern justice until they are fully , and fairly represented in the Corn put and lost by merit, until a better system of governing can be devised, and, int ,, n s House of Parliament. ' without violence, established. "That the British Empire possesses, within its own domains, 'The amendment having been seconded, was • a n immense majority. - all the means, with every kind of requisite appliances, to well . Th e original resolution was then put, and carried almost employ and well-educate, within the. British Islands, not only uninimetoly, and amst much cheering. 1 ... the whole of the present industrious class, but at least four, M e . Bucga NA N s ai d they had gone through more than half five, or six times its amount, "and most beneficially for every tke, business for which the meeting bad been convened. Th e y class, from the highest': 0' . ., belovvJg " We are conscious that the best and most efficient made of applying these ample means to give permanent relief to the population, without temporary evil to any portion of it, is not yet fully known either to the Government or the people, or it would be immediately adopted. " We believe that a discovery has been made of the means and mode of applying them to extensive practice, even to the empire, wide as are its limits in the four quarters of the world ; and we desire to be aided by the Government to effect, in the shortest time, this great good for our country ; and that it may become a beneficial and glorious example to the world. 66 We therefore beseech your Majesty to overcome all the obstacles of form or prejudice, which may otherwise intervene to prevent your Majesty from giving such directions to your Ministers as will effect this most to be desired result, for the permanent happiness of all your Majesty's subjects, and of all the nations of the world. " For and on behalf of the Meeting, " ROBERT OWEN, Chairman." differences about nothing. Such conduct may conduce to the interest of the public swindler and Jew-jobber, but not to the interest of the public tradesman, the enterprising merchant , an d the humble mechanic. The placard will speak for itself. Whatever danger may come ; however intense may be the feelings of the people—and we have long been well assured that they would neither lay themselves down and die, nor accept that as alms which they demand as a right—we have the consolation of knowing that we have warned the Government, over and over again, of the terrible perils which unjust legislation is bringing on the empire. Sir ROBERT PEEL has proclaimed in the House of Coin mons, that the authority of Parliament is falling into contempt ; and now we have starving multitudes echoing the cry of murder against the Legislature. Is it possible for a body, based in corruption, and openly accused of such foul deeds, to excite any other sentiments than contempt and indignation ? Mind has its own laws as well as matter ; and an- apple does not fall to the ground with more certainty than such sentiments arise, when those who claim honour and meek obedience, as the protectors of the people, are convicted of betraying and starving them. These having been seconded were carried unanimously. It was then agreed that the documents should be signed by the Chairman on behalf of the meeting, and that the movers and seconders of the resolutions should form a Committee to secure the presentation of the Memorial, Petition, and At:dress. Mr. FINCH was then moved to the chair, and the thanks of the meeting having been given by acclamation to Mr. Owen, that gentleman expressed his great gratification at the ♦ery patient and orderly conduct of the assembly, and their disposi tion to listen to the truth; after which the meeting separated, at half-past eleven o'clock. We received last night the Hamburgh Mail, with intelligence from different parts of Germany. The only communication of importance is from Berlin. The King of PRUSSIA, it would appear, since his visit to this coun try, has turned his attention to the great influence of newspapers on the community, and a Conference is to be held in a few days, at which his Majesty will preside, the object of which is to do away with the present law of censorship, and establish another on the most liberal principles. The Minister of the Interior has published a circular, addressed .to the Chief Presidents 'of the provinces, enjoining them to send in general accounts of the periodical press, and daily literature. All the Journals which require a license from the Minis try are to be included in this report, w hich is to state the character and standing of the Journals, their value and usefulness, the number printed, their circulation in the provinces, and their class of readers. Accounts of foreign Journals are to be added, stating the numbers circulated, and among what classes. The plan, on the whole, is good, but some parts of it are highly objection able. A public functionary will make a return of the " value and usefulness" of a Journal according to his own political or religious opinions, and may, therefore, make a very unjust impression as to its real merits. If the same rule were to be applied to the journals of this country, we suspect Sir jAiiIES GRAHAM would be much puzzled in making use of the return. He would•find some discrepancies between the reports of the Lord Mayor of London and the Lord Mayor of Dublin. COMPLETION OF JOHNSON'S FARMER. Published this day, in I very thich volume, Bvo., with Wood Engravings of the best and most improved Agricultural Im te lments, &c., 50s. bound, in cloth , HE FARMER'S ENCYCLOPJEDIA , and DICTIONARY of RURAL AFFAIRS ; embracing all the most recent Discoveries in Agricultural Cherni,try ; adapted to the comprehension of Unscientific Readers. By CUTHBERT W. JOHNSON, Esq., F.R.S., Barrister-at-Law, Editor of " The Farmer's Almanack," &c. London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longrnans. Just ready, in three volumes Bvo., with numerous Plates, &c., NARRATIVE OF VARIOUS JOURNEYS IN BALOCHISTAN, AFGHANISTAN, and the PANJAB ; including a Residence in those Countries from 1826 to 1838. By CHARLES MASSON, Esq. Richard Bentley. New Burlington-street, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty. Now ready, in 2 vols., post Bvo., with Portion s. RO MANTIC BIOGRAPHY of the AGE of ELIZABETH ; Or, SKETCHES of LIFE from the BYE-WAYS of HIS TORY. By the BENEDICTINE BRETHREN of 0 LEN DALOUGH. Edited by W. COOKE TAYLOR, LL.D., Of Trinity College, Dublin. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty. T 0 BE HAD OF ALL BOOKSELLERS. POPULAR NEW WORKS, Just published by MR. COLBURN I. The LIFE of ADMIRAL KEPPEL. By the Hon. and Rev. THOMAS KEPPEL. 2 vols. Bvo., with Portrait. MADAME D'ARBLAY'S DIARY of the COURT o QUEEN CHARLOTTE. AGNES STRICKLAND'S " LIVES of tke QUEENS of ENGLAND." Vol. IV., comprising the Queens of Henry VII. and Henry VIII. Iv. The 'LIFE and TIMES of the Right Hon. /HENRY GRATTAN. By his Son, HENRY GRATTAN, Esq., M.P. The Fourth Volume. _ ♦. Lieutenant-Colonel NAPIER'S EXCURSIONS ALONG the SHORES of the MEDITERRANEAN. 2 vols. small Bvo. VI. MADAME DE SEVIGNE and HER CONTEMPO RARIES, comprising Biographical Notices of above One Hundred of the most distinguished Persons of her Times. 2 ♦ols. small Bvo. VII. FREDERICK the GREAT, HIS COURT and TIMES, Edited by THOMAS CAMPBELL, Esq., 2 vole. Bvo. VIII. Captain FANE'S FIVE YEARS in INDIA ; compri ing an Account of the late Expedition to Cabul and Affghani tan. 2 vols., with numerous Illustrations. Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Alarlborough-street. HIS MAJESTY the EMPEROR of AUSTRIA, having AUTHORISED and GUARANTEED several DIS TRIBUTIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS, which (though they are NO LOTTERIES) offer many possibilities of obtain mg LARGE FORTUNES, HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH, ire now Selling SHARES for the said DIS fltlBU LIONS. Persons desirous to purchase may re:eive PREVIOUS giving any order, the PROSPECTU S and PARTICU LARS, uroa addressing, WITHOUT DELAY, a line to HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURG H. The NEXT DISTRIBUTION contains 700 MONEY DIVIDENDS, as follows: 1 .of ti25,000 Sterling .... .£25,000 Sterling. 1 1 ' 1,500 1 800 600 400 200 150 120 110 100 90 80 iu 60 50 29,560 10 20 593 ~,,,, **** ~,,, 700 Money Dividends, amounting t 0... £72,170 Sterling. HEINE BROTHERS beg further to state, that the I\ EXT POLISH DISTRIBUTION ot MONEY DIVIDENDS will take place on Ist July. LARGEST DIVIDEND, £24,000; SMALLEST DIVIDEND, £lB. SELECTED GENUINE BONDS will be on Sale from 6th till 15th JUNE. The SE LEC I'ION of both Distribu ions is taking place oa Ist of JUNE Hamburgh and Lubeck, 20th May, 1842. = THEATRE-ROYAL, ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE. THIS EVENING, JUNE 4. The Performances will commence with a New Domestic Drama, entitled ONE FA UTT. Principal Characters by Miss Faucii (from the Theatre Royal, Covent-garden), Mr. Oxberry, Mr: F. Matthews. and Mr T. Vining. After which, the Musical Farce of THE AGREEABLE SU lt- PRlsiE. Lingo Mr. Harley; Cowslip, Mrs. Humby. To which wil l be added, GIOVANNI IN LONDON--Don Gio vanni, Mrs. U. P. Gra tan ; Leporella, Mr. Harley. To conclude with the Ballet of THE DAUt.HTER OF THE DA NUBS, in which Mr. Gilbert and Miss Bailin will appear. Boxes, 4s. l'it, ( is.— Gallery, Is. Doors open at rialf-past Six ; commence at Seven ; Half-price, a Quarter before Nine. Private Boxes to be had of Mr. Grogan, at the Private Box-otficz ; and of Messrs. Andrews, Mitchell, Sams, and Bally, at their Libraries. ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. Third Week of Murat, and the grandest Novelties ever witnessed, with an Immense outlay, and numbers without conception. THIS EVENING, JUNE 4. Will be presented a new Military and Equestrian Spectacle, en titled MURAT—THE PEASANT, GENERAL, PRINCE, AND KING, with Battles, Grand lieviews of Horse and Foot, and gor geous Tableaux. Atter which, in a more extensive and splendid Arena than ever before witnessed, NEW SCENES IN THE CIRCLE, introducing Mr. BATTY'S unrivalled Collection of Animals, consisting ot nu merous and matchless Cream-coloured Horses, Andalusian Chargers, Spotted Coursers, Fairy Palfreys, and Pigmy Poneys, and the must talented Vaulters, iiiders, Gymtastics, and Contortionists in the kingdom. Gorgeous Cavalcade, novel acts of Equitation, and unri valled Acrobatique Feats. To conclude with an entirely New Comic Drama, entitled THE GIMLET EYE ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. The Nobility, Gentry, Subscribers, and the Public, are respectfully informed that ON MONDAYS, TUESDAYS, AND THURSDAYS, GRAND EVENING FETES will be given, in which will be pm belied all those popular Entertainments that have given to this favou rite place of recreacion its peculiar celebrity, with additions and in troduetions, which render them more generally attractive. The MENAGERIE has been enriched by many valuable and im. portant acquisitions in the classes of both Quadrupeds and Birds. Feeding Time Five o'clock. The Colossal VIEW OF BOME has been repainted, and in some instances remodelled, with a Mechanical d'action, repre senting the Procession of the Papal Troops, Guards, and Roman Nobles, to the Castle of St. Angelo. Tha BAND includes some of the most eminent Performers, con ducted by Mr. Godfrey, and the Programme of the PROMEN ADES MUSICALES selected from the noblest works of the great Masters. The ILLUMINATION of ST. PETER'S, the CROSS of FIRE, and the iGIRANDOLA of ST. ANGELO, with all the gorgeous Spectacles and magnificent introductions that have called forth ac clammations of delight and admiration on each evening of their ex. hlbition, terminating with the triumph of pyrotechnic splendour, the CASC ADE of BRILLIANT FIRE, SIX I Y FEET in height. The Gardens are open Daily from Ten till Dusk. The Evening Fetes, with the Promemades Musicales, Illumination of St. Peter's, Girandola of St. Angelo, &c., will be given on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays. Admission One Shilling. LONDON: SATURDAY MORNING, JUNE 4, 1842. A considerable sensation was excited last night in the House of Commons, by Mr. FERRAND exhibiting a placard which has been profusely circulated in the manufacturing districts, and has excited a much greater sensation there than in the House of Com mons. Our readers will scarcely be surprised at that, when they read the placard, which will be found in our Parliamentary report. It is satisfactory to learn from Sir J. GRAHAM, that no outrages have taken place, but we would not hare the Government and the landowners therefore infer that the minds of the people have not been and are not intensely affected. Deep water is still ; the bubbling noisy splashing brook, runs over the surface and conceals no danger from the view. A Correspondent at Birmingham, where also the placard has been posted, says — Such has been the effect which the exhibition of these placards tended to create in Birmingham, that it appears to have done more towards reconciling the hostile feelings of the Chartists towards the Corn-law Repealers, than anything that has heretofore taken place. Immediately on the receipt of the posters, I caused one to be exhibited in the immediate neighbourhood of my residence, and such was the interest felt, that 1 was literally besieged by applicants, chiefly Chartists, for copies of the same ; and the heighbourhood has been crowded, so as to render it impassable. Whilst Arthur O'Neill was lecturing on the subject of the placard to a crowded meeting of " Christian" Chartists, at his church, the friends of O'Connor were equally alive in obtaining numbers of the bills to distribute amongst their friends. So that I think we may venture to hope, by these unexpected con cessions, approving the language and motives of the Corn-law Repealers by their late opponents, the Chartists, that the good, old spirit of union is again taking its wonted place in the hears and affections of the men of the Midland districts—of the heart of England--of Warwickshire—of Birmingham—of the toy shop of Europe, and armoury of the world. I hail the signal concession of the Chartists of my native town- as a good omen of the future. What benefit is to be an ticipated by either party from incessant bickerings and eternal riciE SUN, LONDON, SATCADAY ItVENING, JUNE 4, 1842 provement—a growing anxiety for temporal and spirit, blessings—the well-being of all our fellow -creatures, en the part of the people, if not on the part of the Legislature and Government; and from this auspicious omen we hold the belief that the British empire has not even approSchedits zenith ; and we know that by the observation of a just policy to all, and with the aid of such moral and religious improvement as we witness, this empire may still ad vance in greatness and happiness, even, to the consumma tion of all things. If the march of this glorious destiny is not to retrograde, we must preserve Our, colonies, and to the preservation, of cur colonies it is necessary that we treat with them with justice—not merely with such nig gard justice as consists in not injuring them, but with the justice that we should claim from them, if our .posi tion were reversed—in short, with the same encourage ment for their industry that we claim for our own. We must really treat them " asintegral parts of the United Kingdom," or the high-spirited Englishmen who occupy them will look for some other name. The name of Englishman does not comport with inferiority or sub jection to any authority but that of laws to which the owner is either immediately or indirectly a party. FATAL ACCIDENT AT APOTHE CARIES' HALL. (FURTHER PARTICULARS.) At the urgent request of the East India Company, the establishment of Apothecaries' Hall had undertaker, contrary to their usual practice, the preparation of fulminating mercury for the percussion caps in tended to be used in the East Indies. With this view, both yesterdaT_and this ,morning, Mr. Hennell, the Company's chenocal operator, had been preparing about six pounds weight Of fulminating mercury, con taining one-third of its weight in. water, with a view to ascertain its actual strength. At ten o'clock, attended by only one of the labourers, Mr. Hennell was standing before a large block of wood about three feet high, whose circum ference could not be less than six feet, upon which was placed a white evaporating dish containing the mercury, the locality between the distil-house and what is called the gas-room, where fOrmerly gas was manufactured for the, use of the Hall, but which now is used for the pur pose of:containing various small bottles filled with essen tial oils. At this moment the labourer in attendance left the operator, in order to look after a furnace fire, where in the earlier part of the day 400 grains of mercury had been drying, and - which it is supposed had been taken out by Mr. Hennell, in order to test the con dition 'in which they were: Scarcely, however, had the labourer left the place before he heard three slight ex plosions, between each of which there only elapsed a few seconds, but which was folloWed by a loud report, the origin of which, to the present time, appears to be per fectly inexplicable, although it is supposed that the slighter reports were occasioned by Mr. Hennell striking a small portion of the preparation with his finger, and thy fatal explosion must have arisen from a particle of the matter having fallen upon the larger mass. By this acci dent, we are - sorry - to say that the exploded preparation struck Mr. Hennell immediately below the chest, and, taking an upward direction, carried away the right arm and the same side of the face, together with the whole of the upper portion of tbe head, as :Well as . nearly the whole of the viscera, laying open the entire chest, and ex hibiting the action of the heart and lungs. .Some parts of the remains were scattered over the tops of the build ing, and other portions were actually picked up by the workmen upon the roofS of the adjoining houses. The deceased's right arm was found on the roof of Apo thecaries' Hall, at a distance of full 40 yards from the scene of the fatal, event, and had, in its progress, in dented considerably the leaden gutter pipe. Qne of his fingers was picked up in Union-street, a distance of 100 yards, by a person passing at the time, and must have been 'forced over the laigh building of the Hall. The la bourers belonging to the Hall collected the scattered fragments, and deposited them in a spot set apart for their reception. Deplorable, however, as the accident has. been, it is consolatory to know that no other person was injured except one man, who was knocked down, but who escaped without injury. The glass contained in the whole of the window frames (made of iron) were broken, by which at least 1,000 panes were demolished, exhi biting a picture of destruction seldom witnessed. The block of wood upon which the dish was placed was so much splintered as to appear as though it had been struck by a cannon-ball fired from an eighteen-pounder: The large paving-stone upon which the block stood is likewise shattered into 20 pieces. About a yard square, in the middle ail wall nearly two feet thick, is thrown inwards forur Or five incbes by the force of the explosion. We,learn that the deceased gentleman was held in the highest esteem .by every person in the establishment; from the treasurer downwards to the lowest porter in the place, who this morning spoke of him in terms of the warmest affection, and who seemed by their sympathies as though each had suddenly lost a dear and valued friend. The unfortunate gentlemen was formerly ap prenticed to the Company, and had been engaged in their service thirty years. He has left behind him an amiable widow to lament his loss, but happily no children. It may be as well, in order to allay any unnecessary fears that may have been occasioned to the neighbour hood by this alarming occurrence, to state that we have authority for saying that in general no dangerous ex periments are ever performed upon the premises of Apothecaries' Hall, and that they had only been under taken, in this instance, at the especial and urgent request of the Directors. of the East India Company. The whole of the preparation, 31b. of which was intended for Bengal and 31b. for Madras, has disappeared by the eXplosliiii, not a , sinVe particle_ having since been fottnd. There is not, at the present inoinent, any preparation upon the premises from ii hick the least danger can possibly arise. ELECTION COMMITTEE. (THIS DAY.) WATERFORD. The Committee appointed to try the merits of the petition against the return for the city - of Waterford, met this morning at eleven o'clock, J. W. NOGG, EST,. in the chair. The Counsel for the sitting MeMbers were Mr. Cock burn, Mr. Wrangham, and Mr. Alcock. Mr. Wrangham was absent from indisposition. The Counsel for the petitioners are Mr. Austin and. Mr. Hayes. At the last election the numbers polled for the re spective candidates were as follow Mr. W. Christmrs(C.) • 285 _ _ Mr. M. Heade (C.) Sir H. W. Barron (L.) 2Ol Mr. T. Wyse (L.) 199 The grounds on which the petition was made against the return were, that the Sheriff had improperly rejected 376 votes tendered for Sir H. W. Barron, 377 tendered for Mr. T. Wyse, on account of the words " Houses and premises" not being inserted in their certificates of qua lification, as required by the Act of Parliament. The objection is stated in the petition to be invalid, and that the votes rejected, being perfectly good, ought to have been recorded, which would have placed the petitioners in a large majority. Mr. AUSTIN having briefly opened the case, the poll books were put in and proved. Mr. COCKBURN took an objection to the affidavit of verification put in with the poll-books, the jurat of which he contended was defective on account of the names of the persons taking the oath not being men tioned in the document. The affidavit being defective, had the same effeclas if there . had been no affidavit at all, and could the Committee receive the poll-books, not from the immediate custody of the Re turning Officer, but from the Clerk of the Peace, with out an oath of verification ? He adhered to the statute which compelled evidence of the oath having been taken to be produced. Mr. AUSTIN defended the validity of the affidavit The production of the books from the custody of the Clerk of the Peace was sufficient even without any affi davit at all. This argument lasted the greater part of the day ; several precedents, in which the point had been contested, were cited on both sides. The room was cleared, and after a long deliberation, the Chairman decided that it was the opinion of the Committee that the production of the poll books without evidence of the oath of verification was not sufficient, and that the objection was good. The Committee did not. express any opinion as to the affidavit itself, leaving Mr. Austin to produce such proof of the verification as he thought proper. Mr. Uoox, the Clerk of the Peace, was. called, and swore to the hand-writing of Mr. Elliott, the senior Sheriff. He believed that the other signature was that of Mr. Hasard, the other Sheriff, hut he could not speak positively. Mr. Edmund T. Power had been in communication with Mr. Hasard by letter, and to the best of his belief the signature to the affidavit was his. Witness was an agent of the petitioners. Mr. AUSTIN then put in the affidavit as proof of the oath having been taken. Mr. COCKBURN again objected to its being received on the same grounds as before; the only proper proof of its validity would be the evidence of the jurors. The objection was not to the signatures, but to the form of the jurat. M.. AUSTIN replied : there was no general rule re quiring that the names of the jurors should be inserted in the affidavit ; it applied only to particular Courts. Mr. CocxuuaN supported the objection at great length, contending that the form of the affidavit was exactly the same as if the oath had been made by one witness only. The room was again cleared, and the Committee de cided unanimously that the affidavit tendered for the petitioners was a sufficient verification on oath by the Returning Officer of the poll books. The Committee then adjourned till eleven o'clock on Monday. THE PRINCE DUOINVILLE'S VISIT POSTPONED.— Our Paris letters of Wednesday afternoon announce that the projected visit of the Prince of Joinville and the. Duke d'Aumale to this country formed the subject of discussion in a Cabinet Council held at Marshal Soult's on Tuesday. The two sons of the King of the French were to have left the French capital, for London, a day or_two after the anniversary of the battle of Waterloo, in order to avoid being in England at that period; but, after due deliberation, the Ministry came to the conclusion to recommend to the King the postponement sine die of the intended tour, as, from the excited state of the public mind against England, the visit might be construed to be an act of condescension of the French King towards this country at a moment when so much agitation existed on the right of search question. It was reported in the Court that the young princes will certainly visit England about the Autumn, when the French elections shall have been terminated. —Morning Post. The town and vicinity of Cahors were last week visited by a hail-storm, which did considerable injury to the crops within its range. The Journal de Cahors asserts that some of the hailstones were of the volume of large-sized eggs. A letter from Nimes states, that M. 3larignan, sen., the chief actor in the late tragical event in that place, wrs removed at midnight, on the 23d inst., to prison, his wounds not having admitted of his being earlier taken from his own house. It appears that the condition of his son and daughter is very much ameliorated. dt"•1 M. C\ ,As.r VZ e ( AN> 1"44 4 witv A 7 : W l3l 71, Zilt -Th mt. tbirti latition THE FUNDS-(CLOSING PRICES.) BRITISH FUNDS. Bank Stock • 1671. 'lndia Stock — Pm 3 per Cent. Red. 3 per Cent. Cons 921 'Ditto Old Annuities ... 3i per Cent. Red 100 Ditto New Annuities... New 3i per Cent... loli Ex. Bills, 1,000/....2d. 45 pm New 5 per Cent — Ditto 5001...... 47 pm Long Annuities to expire Ditto Small Jan. 1860 ... ...... 12i Bank Stock for Acct —. Oct. 1859 ... —/India Stock for Acct.... Jan. 18L 0 — !Consols for Opg. ...... 91k FOREIGN FUNDS. Austrian, 5 per cent. ... Portuguese, 5 per cent. Belgian, 5 per cent ;Ditto, New Ditto — Brazilian Bonds... — 'Prussian, 5 per cent. Buenos Ayres6 per cent. 23 Russian, 5 per cent — Chilian, 6 per cent — ;Ditto, Metallic ..... .. .... Colombian, 6 per cent — :Spanish, 5 per cent...... 21i Ditto, 1824 26 'Ditto , Deferred.... . 98 Danish, 3 per cent — French, 5 per cent. —f. —e. Greek, 1825, 5 per cent — :Exchange Mexican, 5 per cent 36 :French, 3 percent. —f. —c. Ditto, 6 per cent. 1837 !Dutch, 2i per cent. Peruvian, 1825, 6 per ct. 'Ditto, 5 per cent. .. ... 101 i SHARES. Cheltenham and Creat Western (80 paid)... 29 Edinburgh and Glasgow (50 paid) ...... ... 51i Ditto New Shares ( 3 paid... Great Western Railway (65 paid) Ditto New Shares (50 paid) 6li Ditto Fifth (4 paid) London and Brighton (50 paid) London and Greenwichßailwav (12/ 15s 4d pd) 6i Manchester and Birmingham (40 paid) ... .. 26i South Eastern and Dover (50 paid) 244 Ditto Scrip. ( 5 paid) York and North Midland (50 paid) ... ...... 92 Ditto New Shares (15 paid) ......... ..... 31i ROLLS' COURT.-(THIS DAY) RICHARDSON' V. HORTON. This cause came on upon exceptions taken to the Master's report by the plaintiffs, the creditors of Sir Walter Horton, deceased. The report found that large sums were due from the testator, Sir W. Horton, to Sir Thomas Horton at the time nf the testator's decease, which the plaintiffs stated was not the case, and had taken exceptions accordingly. The arguments in the case engaged the Court the entire day, and were not concluded when Lord Langdale rose.. SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS. FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF THIS DAY GLOBE.—It is impossible to imagine anything more opposite than the statement which Sir Robert Peel made last night, of the principle of his tariff, to the vote which he and his party imposed on the House against the re duction of the sugar duties. The principle of the tariff, as Sir Robert Peel last night stated it, was to effect a great saving on the whole, by the multiplication of small savings in the cost of living. It must be obvious that these small savings are most important on the first necessaries of life. It must be obvious that, where the dearness of those necessaries results from their scarcity (or, in other words, is the consequence of monopoly, which is the mother of scarcity), the case is strongest of all for applying the alleged principle of the Tariff. For, in those cases, a hardship is endured be yond that of mere dearness relative to the cheapest rate at which the article could be obtained. In those cases an artificial scarcity is created, which is ex pressed by a price too high for the means of the people at large. Prices necessarily rise above the means of the many, because there is not enough of the article brought into the market to supply the many. In those cases, too, the principle of the Tariff may be applied with most safety to the necessary object of revenue, and with most certainty of its ultimate improve ment. The revenue from any article must be curtailed, while the people are stinted of that article. Thus, there is a double evil in duties intended to stilt monopo ' lies, and a double advantage, with a view to the public relief, in reducing them. The public get more of the article ; the treasury in the end gets more revenue from it ; and the Government are eventually enabled to take off other taxes. The only compensations offered for the In come-tax are those reductions of duties, the foremost of which, for the reasons above stated, should have been made upon those necessaries, of which the supply is notoriously and confessedly inadequate to the demand. It was stated by Mr. Laboucliere, from a commercial circular issued on the Ist inst., that the stock of sugar at this moment in England is less than it was at the correspond ing period of last year by 12,000 tons. The whole amount imported from the West and East Indies, and foreign parts, has considerably decreased during that period, and we have been drawing on our stock in hand. Is it possible to imagine a stronger case for the applica tion of the principle of the tariff ? That principle, how ever, is not to be applied this year. "Thou art neither fish nor flesh ; a man knows not where to have thee." The Premier seems to reply somewhat like hostess Quickly, " Thou art an unjust man in saying so ; thou, or any man knows where to have me." Mr. Wakley thought fit to nickname the late Ministry squeezable; but we have pretty plain hints from this one that squeezing, and nothing else, will extract cheap sugar from them— next year. STANDARD.—The colonies of the empire ought to be treated as integral and inseparable parts of the United Kingdom, or their counection with it will be of no long duration. That the colonies, founded by our ancestors and ourselves, or long possessed—and they make up the great mass—have the right to be so consi dered, admits of no dispute. They have this right an tecedent to all engagements, whether express or implied, because the colonists are the sons of Englishmen, or themselves Englishmen, and can be divested of all or any of the rights of Englishmen by no act which the laws of his country do not forbid ; and one of the most important of these rights is to be placed ' upon a footing of perfect equality with all of one's fellow subjects, whether dwelling within the same seas or be yond them. We have got into a habit of calling our colonies dependencies, as if dependence neces sarily implied inferiority and subjection. This is, however, impertinent and false ; in one sense, all the parts of the empire are dependencies each upon the rest ; because each part is dependent upon the whole for protection, and for the encouragement of its industry. Thus, Middlesex is a dependency of the empire ; and so are Surrey and Kent ; but in no other sense than this can Canada or Jamaica be called a de pendency. The Englishmen of Canada and Jamaica are in all respects our equals. Let this indisputable propo sition be once conceded, and it follows that we are as much bound to protect the industry of Canada and Ja maica, as we are to protect, the industry 'of Lancashire, Yorkshire, and Warwickshire. But it will be objected, that the colonies in question may be left to protect their own industry. The reply to this objection is, that you do not permit them—you reserve in your own hands the direction of the commerce of the empire ; 'and if any of these over-sea Englishmen, of whom we are speaking, resists your arrangements, you call him a rebel, and treat him as such. This, then, is the state of the case. The whole body of the British empire—the whole Eng lish nati on — di s p erse d as it and they are, through all climates have an equal and a common right to the utmost protection of its and their industry, and other interests, that is consistent with the common good. From necessity, the chief direction must reside in some one of the parts of the empire, but it naturally fixes itself in the most powerful, the richest, and the parent State. With that State it rests to do equal justice, putting on one side all selfish views ; and it it faithfully discharge this duty the empire must grow, and prosper, and improve in union.as well as in telligence. We are not of the number of those who think with 'Montesquieu, that as Rome has fallen Great Britain too must fall—still less do we think with others that we approach the limits of national greatness. We miss the first symptom, of such calamity—the de terioration of morals. On the other hand, we witness with joy and gratitude a vast moral and religious ina- ' a IM PERI AMENT. HOUSE OF COMMONS, June 3. LONDON AND CROYDON RAILWAY (GRANGE - ROAD) APPROACHES. The Report on this Bill was brought up, and ordered to be engr a ossed. Mr. CLIVE moved the consideration of the Report on the London and Croydon Railway (Grange-road) Ap- proaches Bill. Sir E. KNATCHBULL opposed the bringing up of the Report, and moved as an amendment that it should be taken into further consideration that day three months. Lord MARSHAM seconded the motion of the Right Hon. Baronet. • Mr. KEMBLE said he had heard a great deal .about a breach - •of 'faith on the part of the Croydon Com pany, and a variety of other charges against them ; but he should' not occupy the attention of the House by alluding to them now, as tho question to be considered was, whether the forms of the House had been complied with. He thought that consistently with the forms of the House, if the Bill had not passed through the requisite forms, it could not now be in its present shape.—(Hear, hear.; 'tie facts were these :—The Croydon Railway originally petitioned for leave to bring in a Bill, for the purpose of forming a road. He (Mr. Kemble) was on that Com mittee, and the Committee was of opinion that the question they had to consider was, whether this was to be a common Road Bill or a Railway Bill ; if a Rail way Bill, then the forms of the Howe had net been cent plied with ; and they considered, inasmuch as the word depot had been introduced, it must be a railway. The Croydon Company appealed to the Committee of Stand ing Orders, when the former decision was confirmed. He then brought in another Bill—that Bill had been acceded to, and was now in the condition in which it appeared before the House. From a paper which he held in his hand, it appeared that the Green wich Railway Company Here of opinion that it was the intention, and within the power of this Com pany, to use the land they required under the Bill for a railway or a depot, but as they said it wus only for a road that they went before the Committee, the Greenwich Company did not see any grounds for op posing them there. He should like to know what grounds they had now ? It was the instruction of his lion. Friend on his right, at the third reading of the Bill, to introduce a clause to pre vent them making this road into a railway. They had been told by eminent counsel that they could not make it into a railroad, and they bad no intention of doing so ;.they bad no objection, therefore, to the intro duction of a clause to let the House understand that they had no power or desire to make anything but a road. Under these circumstances he should certainly oppose the motion of the Right lion. Gentleman. He trusted the House would support the Bill, and, if a division took place, that a 'large majority would appear in its favour. Mr. STRUTT said, that as Chairman of the Coin mittee which recommended the House to grant per mission to the Committee to introduce their Bill, he wished to say a few words. If the Com mittee had supposed that such clauses as appeared in the Bill were-intended •to have. been introduced, they never would have recommended the House to grant permission for its introduction. It was under stood that this was to be a mere Road Bill for the access of carriages and carts to the terminus of the railway, but as clauses were proposed to erect bridges, and otherwise level the roads, it appeared that a railway was contemplated. Had the Committee been aware of this they certainly would not have made the recommen dation they did. If the House allowed this Bill to pass, it would be setting a dangerous precedent in allowing clauses to be introduced into a Road Bill for the construction of a railway. He must say that it appeared to him that these parties had not adhered to the original Bill for which alone they received the indulgence of the House in being allowed to introduce it. Under these circumstances, he felt it his duty to support the motion, of the Right Hon. Baronet. Mr. DARBY considered that the opposition to this Bill by the Greenwich Railway Company, was for the purpose of establishing a monopoly on their own parts. If the House rejected this Bill, it would in fact be decid ing that no person should come to London by railway from Dover, Tunbridge, Croydon, or Brighton, except by the Greenwich line. Mr. WILSON PATTEN would, on the third reading of the Bill, move the insertion of a clause prohibiting the Company from laying down rails on this line of road without again applying to Parliament. Mr. CHILDERS objected to the introduction of any provisions into this Bill, enabling the Company to make preparations for turning it into a, railroad at some future period: If a west-end terminus for the Croydon Rail way were desirable, let the Company bring in a Bill for that purpose ; but the terminus of the proposed road was quite as far from Westminster Bridge as the pre sent terminus. ' • WATERFORD' ELECTION COMMITTEE. It, being now nearly five o'clock. the names of the Members chosen to serve on the Waterford Election Committee were called over as follows :—J. Jervis, Esq., Captain Boldero, Admiral Deans Pandas, E. U. A'Court, Esq., J. H. Vivian, Esq., Viscount Somerton, J. W. Hogg, Esq., Chairman. When the Hon. Members came to the table to be sworn, it was discovered that Viscount Somerton was absent. The other Members then withdrew from the table. ATHLONE -ELECTION -GOMMITTtE. The - following Members were then called to . the table, to be sworn in, to serve on the Athlone Election Com mittee :—the Hon. G. C. Forester, Sir B. Hall, B. Bottield, Esq., Captain Pechell, J. llornby, Esq., Sir James Duke, E. Divett, Esq., Chairman. Sir James Duke not appearing to answer to his rame, Lord GRANVILLE SOMERSET said, he under stood that Sir James Duke was suffering from severe indisposition, and that his medical man was in attendance to be examined. He therefore moved that the medical man be called in.—Agreed to. The motion having been agreed to, Mr. J. Bainbridge, the - medical gentleman in attendance on Sir J. Duke, was then called in, and in answer to questions from the SPEAKER, stated that Sir J. Duke was at present very ill, though not dangerously so; that he thought it would be dangerous for him to attend an Election. Committee, as he was suffering from a sore throat, which he was ap prehensive might turn into scarlet fever. He had. gone out of doors yesterday, but he was not so well teklay.. The witness was ordered to withdraw, and On the motion of Lord GRAN VILLE SOMERSET, the order for the Comthittee was discharged, to be re ferred back. to the Committee of Selection, on their first day of meeting (Monday next). WATERFORD COMMITTEE. The Members composing the Waterford Committee were again called to the table, and Viscount Somertm being still absent, Lord G. SOMERSET moved, that the Sergettnt-at- Arms be ordered to take the Noble Viscount into custody.—Agreed to. CROYDON RAILWAY BILL. The debate on the Croydon Railway was then re sumed. Mr. ESCOTT complained that the Standing Orders were not complied with in the present case. Mr. RICE said that the main object for which the House had to consult, was the convenience of the public. That was an object much more important than the squabbles•of railroad companies. • Mr. ATTWOOD would vote for stopping the further progress of the Bill. Mr. GREENE opposed the Bill. The House then divided, when there appeared,— For the reception of the Report 'BB • For the amendment l4B Majority for the amendment.— —6O ORMSBY INCLOSURE BILL. A Conference was appointed to consult with the Lords respecting certain amendments introduced by their Lordships on the Ormsby Inclosure Bill. Mr. Hume, who conducted the Conference on the part of the Com mons, informed the House that the other House of Par liament insisted on the amendments which they had adopted. SUNDERLAND ELECTION. The SPEAKER informed the House that he had re ceived a notice from the agent on behalf of the peti tioners against the return for Sunderland, that it was not their intention to proceed with the petition. DROPPED ORDERS. The dropped Notices of Motion and Orders of the Day were re•appoiti t ed. NOTICES OF MOTION. Mr. G. KNIGHT gave notice of his intention to move for certain ukaSes issued by Russia relative to Poland. Mr. HODGSON HINDE gave notice that he should, on Monday, present a petition from the shipowners of N e wcastle-upon-Tyne, praying for the appoiatmeht:of a Committee to inquire into the operation of the recipro city system. Mr. O'CONNELL gave notice that when the second reading of the Newfoundland Bill should be moved, he should move as an amendment that the second reading .be postponed until the colony should, have had time to consider the Bill. The Right .Hon. and Learned Gentleman also gave notice that, on Mon day, he should move for the appointment of a Se lect Committee to inquire into the corrupt compromise which had taken place to prevent the investigation of the gross bribery, personation, and intimidv.tion which had been practised at the last Belfast Election CoMmit tee. He would now move that the issue of the new writ fur Belfast be suspended to Monday next.—Agreed . to. THE BISHOP OF QUEBEC. Mr. W. O. STANLEY said that he understood that when a brother officer of his died in Canada during the course of last year, the officers of his regiment had re quested permission to erect a tablet to his memory, in the Cathedral of Quebec, which permission had been refused by the BiShop. He wished .to ask the Noble Lord, the Secretary for the Colonies, if he had heard of any refusal on the part of the Bishop of Quebec to permit the erection of a tablet to the memory of an officer of the 2d Regiment of Foot Guards, in the Cathedral Church of Quebec, and if he had seen copies of any cor respondence between the Bishop of Quebec and the officer commanding the troops in Canada on the subject. Lord STANLEY said the only information he had received on the subject was from common report upon what had passed elsewhere on the subject ; and with re gard to the correspondence, he Was not sware of its ex istence until that Hon. Gentleman had informed him of it. Mr. W. 0. STANLEY would On Monday repeat the question to the Secretary at War, as he was aware there was a correspondence on the subject at the Horse Guards. DECIMAL CURRENCY. Dr. BOWRING gave notice thdt as soon as the state of the public business would permit, he should move the appointment of a Committee to consider the question of the currency, with a view to the adoption of the decimal standard.—(Roars of laughter.) TIMBER DUTTZS. --•- • y r . P. M. gave notice that iu clle COM. mitlee on the Customs 13111 he should Luo - vo a of the timber duties. POOR-LAWSTUART CONTINUANCEITOITIetsion Mr. tor the to the Right Hon. Baronet the Secr etar y of A/ 3 , 4 ' As i on g lAnished , t,) pt li st a 1,11 Home Department, connected with one of the vro _ of the measure he had proposed , for makin g soma, ,alters' tion in the Poor-law Amendment A et, ' on Which .2,llied reason to believe that great misapprehension r,7 in different part: , of the country. In the o ri g inal 1 o,9_ll.era Amendment Act, by the Interpretation Act, ,a l5 order was defined to be one that the. Poor-law C.°2 l3 !!''„ n e sioners wire empowered to issue to more t t ,l, llo L' i - v id Union at a time, and that any order of the kin t,,#f e f o r come under the inspection of the Secretary idr Sr the ' a l Il u e e De) t h a r e t m n new t o hot' issuing such Orders was restricted. Ile had reason t t , in the law, the power of the Cornmisstoner; wi! h respel e ' le w B a i n u d , beenarett•poinsrtecedrttaohir attirtlerrvievit; In a re that this clause had prodpeed animpresskon,that hyi . 2 1, general orders would .be cable, and that they would take .eflect where ~,nib did not now take effect under the existinr, la,-‘onet was therefore desirable that the Right; Hon.- should state distinctly-the real intention of this• Pru of the Bill. made universally 11P. C oto' proposed was, a limitation of the poWer of the „_,,, cte tl Sir J. GRAHAM explained that the he Sir stoners, who could at present, by a syegial order, ,11 , 1 0 ; k r, only to one union, set aside, orreseind ttie gene!",` ll d not The restriction of their power was, that thvy - si"l s ,4cill be able to • rescind those general ' orders by ; !•, t ide• order, unless with the consent of the.Socretary (1-0 Speaking in general terms, all the • regulationo▪ 0 were generally applicable to a large number o , t li ror with respect to the administration of relief et , l oi ral conduct of the poor, were now included :1..; general orders. There would be found to bc•••'.erisl seven general orders which contained all the 1:12„*;. machinery of arrangements applicable to all Onion • Mr. S. WORTLEY said if be understood, itsw. w • OU• . tended then to extead.tlie w poer giveto froe- Sir J. GRAHAM sail, on the contrary-, so 1 . ! 1 ' - aor s. extending; it limited the power given to general cir DISTRESS IN BURNLEY." • Mr. COBDEN wished to ask the Right 1.1 0 4' io' man opposite whether the Government had• recesi so cis tellig•ence. of the distress 'and consequent distuT ,apf at Burnley. wished alSo to khoW , whetV.h...ses money, and what amount, had been sent to the e At5l.- 7 of the people there. • • • th'st the . Sir J. GRAHAM stated with great- pant, l ot , 1 • so Government had received information of. a veli th disturbance created by, the hand-loom 60 avers 2 , l os 4 neighbourhood of Burnley, and he was sorry. t 4. ; die that report bad not been exaggerated. ISINJ▪ ete circumstances the Government thought it rig h:4, 1,10 11 comniend • the Poor-Taw Commissioners to tit attention to that diStrict; with a viewto ttlf d4 ,o nistration of relief : from the funds, 010 public , •1 1 nsoney hail been issued,`-but from cliental* om assistance had been supplied. • ~s4l MANCHESTER: • ,s 11 1 )0 0 Mr. FERRAND said, he understood that 4 1 1, 1 0 14 chester Anti-Corn-laW League:had circulated: o) th * ose . , of a most inflammatory nature in the midstlgree factoring distrieta,. where - the operatives Wei r e 01; distress ; they had employed the WOrk - TWV - ,,, ai r5 122 salary of Is. 6d. a day, to carry these plitcart4r; 110 2 4 " the Prime Minister of murder !—about, A hood. The Hon. Member then exhibited4 47 •o ir in question : it was about four feet long, iatki t j e llel" wide, printed in large, and • headed, in enortne.o Cie " Murder," with three notes of admiration after P' following is a copy : ; ' "MURDER! MURDER! !I • ' ENGLISHMEN ! 4 0 11°,0 " Read, if you can,. from beginning to end, the be lt sickening statement made at a public meeting, l a tely the town of Stirling, North Britain :-- • " The Rev. Mr. Beith said -heli ad. heard an' ' - fs o j ; which he knew to be true, and which conveyed an Wo ° o ; gree of misery and destitition,-such as, liv;believed. 22 04; unexampled in Scotland. towni - notrfar 4 1 1 19:4 young man, of interesting appearance, was Observednii ing to . pass a huckster's shop,:: at the door Of whidhl e with some' potatoes in it was placed: After Tossing ..P ot t little way, he returned end took-one Tof the - potateevtderd went away. The person in the shop allowed him ' out taking any notice of o the circumstance . On 01114 the young man returned and did the ea.me - thin_ a g. te s? third day he returned once more and took another r- - , 4 0 the fourth day he returned and; took four. or SeerTehii:d them in his pocket, and and .Iwent. hurriedly offs''',o however, the shopkeeper had a police officer in gate . with with whom he followed the young man lilt he' I ' l 4o house. They went into the house immediately aftes .4 ,etej there he found an aged mother and two sisters depeilLio him for support. There was a; pot upon the if "[ h i', be called a fire which was only a few embers. ,-( 00 : 0 0 keeper asking the mother of the young man if she 13". b. 6 0 her Non had got the potatoes which he had brought •in replied, No; I was afraid to ask.' He then-went brought-I"t ° and took off the lid, and on looking in, he found a re' DEAD DOG, • - ;he r which the poor fellow was boiling, ter ;oat - along wit! tatoes !!!' "This is the testimony of a Christian:minister. ,•, t ,c, i o is in Britain 1 in educated Scotland; the land.of sobriety ; a land where religion is established by Ist this a solitary case, thousands are perishing around parts of the kingdom, the victims of class legislation , '. creating laws! Yet still the curse of monopoly h i or e . 4 you and around you ; still the accursed Corn-laws dis 0 0.. statue-boek, and more surely, if more sloWly , thaft.Pe and the sword, are destroying von and your children, 4%4 EN ! SCOTCHMEN ! 2 Al " Howling will you submit to this crying iniquity • will 3 ou be participators in this national sin? • Read once more the above harrowing s sateeO ot t cY again around you, and then say whether. the tune that you should peaceably, hut universally band-ra r i it lie gether, and, placing yourselves within the sanetuarY"'ssiy • demand—in the name of Heaven, whoa beiseficene o o o o •6 . in the name of justice, whose requirements_ have bee ° by the sordid avarice of our legislators---the immedissoo9 tire removal of all the statutes which. destror our e (2 „!? fetter our industry, and wickedly—limit the stiPP I Y which a bountiful Providence has provided for , all'the oyY of men. • "Read also the following extract of a letter free:, phis ; as published in the farmers' paper, the P a Express : t io§ -" • The quantity of land devoted to agriculture much increased, and tl.e general opinion is that fitL2l ..; from one dollar to two dollars per barrel lower than ..por, before the end of the year. In such a case.- the Europe will be enormous, especially as the tariff 0 ° finer in England is about to be reduced, although ne „fp ficient extent, perhaps, to insure the•fullest advant s g ° oo bread to the people. - Salt pork, in. Ohio. has been 9%04 a greater extent than has been wanted, and at 50 0 _,`,1! price has•been less than a penny (English) per - Pe u r e ,cl, l ". ceive, then, the quantity that might be sent to En , V e totri', duty should be low. Beef, too, is lower than 1 everT,,,o2,,r, it; wholesale at 20. ( English ) per lb. ; and sornefilne ,' at large quantitiec. Even in Philadelphiti b . , si , • beef sells retail in the market at 3d. and yid . 4. • *sit! c i ' ) giving you the results of practical experience itr'7, 0 , 11 will not be out of place to add, that, on Saturday l. " ri/ bought in the market, a loin of veal at .3d. per 111.;'!.;; 0 day, ribs of beef at 41. ; in both instances the inert • i r oo as in England ; indeed, the cattle are all desceiggi`!. ported English stock.' . • ). 1 ' stl ot t " This abundacce, for the want of which •) 1 4 e s i 9 away and dying, is prevented from reaching you.'l t itl' new Corn-law nor the Tariff will bring you thisn o si ft° Robert Peel has acknowledged that you will 11 °4 1? much cheaper; in other word=, that you must still slitotif',/ owe it to yourselves, to your families, and to yottr e r is tell him that you will not starve. It is in your. Ig is : 4 o°/' and for ever to free yourselves from the .landlord s t o di e / it, and live 1 Refute to do it, mil yeti must die; 3 . 41 the victims of your own slavish weakness than of th e r power."] hetb e r, tae wished to ask the Right Hon. Baronet Ye b „ was prepared to take any steps to put dove Ir cards. we Sir JAMES GRAHAM said, that in 0 115 ost e .ii o question of the Hon. Gentleman he begged Wad he had seen the placard which had been drioq,tet,ile great violence, and circulated about Manche e l V was anonymous, and there was only the . .° ll ;d t o s printer attached to it. No steps were. int e l'l s v o! be taken by the Government, although tb c ,40 6 0 1 " used was inflammatory, yet he had great pleas ti , - ,1 to the House that although such great distresOledf ,o manufacturing districts, on the whole the greit__Theo.'J people had conducted themselves with exemplary I tr I' no breach of the law had taken place. He she ° f ide take no steps on the part of the Government. 1 0 01 Mr. HUME—I beg to ask the Hon. Gentle#loo upon what authority he charges the Anti Coe n ' *let with circulating that placard ? , 01, Mr. FEHRAND—A highly respectable gentle' l l '.) chester— (Cries of "Name, name ")-.who InO r sll° v olV the Anti Corn-law League paid the men e" - o f 1 -` , P' - those placards about Manchester.—(Cries of " my ir e Mr. HUME—I beg to state that I received et; placard five days ago, from a Member of the 1 League expressing his great regret that it bad he d e° „, i i.. 5/s fr (Loud cheers.) I think it is unj Ist in th-e -having made the charge, not to name the individual. I,' BRIBERY AT ELECTIONS- ~,,1100,11 Lord J. RUSSELL said there was a m otion '''"„f 0 of which he bad given notice , for the introductiggeliteol+i, the better discovery of bribery at elections, he - ri1 , ,,r 1(0 , 4 that he should be unable to bring the motion fors / 0 0. 0 , in the evening. He had consulted persons of lo o s I°, blit nence on both aides of the House with respect to bat h ost2) lie was not prepared to bring the Bill on then' 0 0 0. goo' li t to be ready on Monday. He hoped the Riehs t ' a ii would not object to the proposition, if he e a ' OO IA asked for leave to bring . in the Bill at five o'eloePiooticoei;oo It would not lead to discussion, and he bep.eg„ d th',a', e r take more than a_quarter of an hour. That th e nePtl/ hoped the Right Hon. Baronet woulttaceede te ' s er a ' Sir R. PEEL said, he was prepared to mill a t lei `: • sy e tion, so far a- he was coecerned, in favour 0 ' e d in t o ~• t io trusted it would not lead to an debste, as he„" o e st ofhsa "; anxious he was to proceed with the tariff. m be • p s time, he should offer no difficulty to- the Ri ll. b • 'ent s at fire o'clock on Monday. He had now 41, ;10 woo l cessions, and after the Noble Lord and his ?'° ber disposed of their motions, he hoped no . o ther Me rl ' sli ° • i 6' him for a repetition of the favour: • t , 0 11 Sir R. PEEL moved that the House , at adjourn till Monday next. The question having put, prot4 Mr. ti UM E said, that as the Hon. GentleSr°,,, i Ferrand) had made a charge against the Arai" . „ad t li t i o ie td in Manchester, he hoped the Hon.. Member ; forg o 0 0_ 4 0 fair to name the party from whom he had 11 1 #2i ik he, the ce . #' Mr. FERRAND said that he did not pr o o' r s 4 1 ,1 justified--(Hear, hear)—in mentioning th e ivietabfo " in that House. But he Nimbi ask the gni, ' W°.,,„ 11 ble tion in reply to the ene which he had,put• Je d ser to whether the gentleman who had correspon.. p rod! ( IV, denied that the Anti-Corn-law League vser' 1/ , ' 0 ,: 4 1 ) suing of the placard? eal e slr e oi e'e ill r. H U E said that his correspondent re test Ito 1 , , placard had been circulated, and that he V. OT 0 41 0 : 0 that it was so. But that was no swe r ie e roe d ,os''' t o question. The Hon. Member had said 00 1 t oe „, it informed him that a respectable body, not no t nsP l t e t til' d transaction ; and if the Hon. Member to # O O of the statement, all that they could d ° , 1 ,10 „t the Hon. Member himself.—( Hear, hea r ' _ d dres , Mr. FERRAND again attempted t o 3 oijoofv but was interrupted by f c. The SPEAKER who put the q ues:ion ° of the House till Monday. The motion was then agreed t('. cil ia, -;ks • . WAYS AND MEANS-r.SLis•n O f 10 - On the motion of the CHANCI4IO4" ' l l AI ' f ~~~`~~ .T,.;1 Z^ -: ,i '` , ~ ~.,+, 1,, )4 , i`7 .0 14 4; o'l I • . i kt I tbr,ai Nc.r 5 ft. ,4 I ti :;~ o , ~~~ i„~ . , 43.. 4A y S i t ,y !411, 4 1 I ,~ i :; ~:~ . i 1 4, 1 "ki M x't ,r ~~ '4l 4 1 , t %14 4 , '444 N I 41 i 41 4 1 14 ,ir t4i, 'll 7t l 1 4 13 ► 1 14 -A )1, 7 4, 41%, \t;' ,