The Sun. — London, England, 1825-02-12 00:00:00

THE LONDON JOURNALS. DAILY Extracts from the Morning Papers, Feb. 12, 1825. [MORNING row.] The adjourned debate on Mr. Goulburn's Bill was resumed last night in the House of Commons, and carried on for several hours, with the same result as on the preceding day—that is to say, another adjournment. Among the prin cipal speakers of the night were Mr. Doherty and Mr. Plunkett. The former, as a warm and sincere friend to Catholic Emancipation, called upon the House to relieve the Catholics of Ire - land from the tyra►►ny of the Association, and expressed a confident opinion that the great body of Catholics would thank, as their benefactors, those by whom such relief should be adminis tered. He satisfactorily proved that the peace of the country was not due to the efforts of that Association, by whom it had been unjustly claimed, but to the prudent, firm, and yet tem perate measures of the illustrious Statesman at the head of the Irish Government. Ile also an ticipated, and may his anticipation he realized, " that if a strong feeling were expressed by that House against the Association, its Members would have too much consideration for their characters and honour to engage in a mean con test of evasions, and the decision of Parliament would be respected." We confess that our ex pectations are not quite so sanguine, and that the picture which lie previously drew of the Asso ciation, contributed to make them still less so; for what can be expected from a Body " from which gross abuse had emanated, which had published inflammatory and in cendiary appeals upon every political topic, which mimicked and travestied that House in all its forms - , and having done every thing but levy taxes, now proceeded to that last step in the most effectual manner which could be devised."—Mr. Plunkett contended that the Bill did not trench upon any of the popular privi leges known to the Constitution, but though dic tated by imperative necessity, was consistent w ith the Laws and Constitution of tl►e Realm. Ile stated that tl►e Catholic Association was not the only subject of the measure ; but that its ob. ject was to put doW'n all illegal Associations and Societies of n hatever denominations. Ile also declared that it was not a solitary measure, but the first of a series recommended by his Majesty in his Speech from the Throne, among which were the appointment of Committees to inquire into the whole state of Ireland, with a view to the cure of whatever evils existed—and he ad mitted the Catholic Association was but one symptom of an extensive disease. The lion. and Learned Gentleman then. vindicated himself from the charge of inconsistency in having taken office with a Cabinet divided on the Catholic Question, and concluded by also expressing his conviction that " the gentlemen of Ireland would feel happy to be released from a power unsanctioned by law, and impelled only by wild theory."— The debate having been protracted to a late hour, the question of adjournment was twice put and twice rejected. As it seemed however likely to be moved again, the majority consented to postpone the final decision to Monday next. [NEW TIMEA The adjourned Debate of Thursday was con tinued until th s morning, and further adjourned to Monday. The Opposition appear to be most unfortunate in the causes which they espouse. It seems that the Catholic Association is to be their stalking horse for the present Session ; but the task of washing the Negro white is only a type of the labour they will have in persuading the People of England to tolerate this intolerant, bigoted, and furious Body. What! Are we to permit Meetings to be held, at which the " hew ing down of Archbishops and Bishops with the sword of the Lord" is held out as an example to an ignorant populace ? Are we to nurse up a second Massacre of St. Bartholomew, or Sicilian Vespers ? Can we shut our eyes- to the fact, that the Catholic Association is under the absolute direction of men who deal in these sanguinary declamations ; or to the still more remarkable fact, that they operate through the agency of Priests in ail parts of the country ? Look at the Peasant of the South of Ireland 1 . Consider what sort of being he is ! Warm hearted, grateful, devotedly attached to his spiritual Pastor and to his political Leader, but ignorant, impetuous, arid easily excited to a degree of violence which may involve him and his country in ruin. His Priest, perhaps but rtttle better instructed than himself in the ways of the world, calls upon him to subscribe to the Catholic Association, and under such sanction he cannot but regard the leading Members of the Association with reverence ; he cannot but im bibe the dark and ferocious spirit which breathes in their avowed sentiments. Mr. Denman says, the People of England are not adverse from Ca tholic Emancipation. We will tell him that the sure way to make them so is to allow the Catholic' Association to proceed in its frantic career. [BRITISH PRESS.) We have seen letters from Lisbon, slated the 49th of January, all of which speak with the greatest confidence of the recognition by Portu gal of the Independence of the Brazils, as soon as Sir Charles Stuart arrives at Lisbon. The merchants are uniformly anxious for the accom plishment of this event; the new channels of trade that it will open—the commercial connec tions, usually of slow growth, which i,t will in stantly occasion—the extensive market, both of supply and consumption which it will create — must naturally make this recognition on the part of Portugal an affair to them of the most imme. diate interest. All the attempts to circumvent it have failed, and the best informed persons con sider it as certain. Some, indeed, there are, whose interests lie in a contrary direction, who assert that the Count de Subserra ( Pa mplona), the discarded .Prime Minister, is still in , the confidence of the King, and guides, beamd the martaio, the measures of the new Adininis. tration : but those best instructed in the true state of affairs, treat this idle insinuation as it deserves: The letters state,—and they are from the best source of authority,—that the new Mi nisters were appointed through the influence of Sir W. A'Court, and having had the address to succeed in placing a new Ministry at the head of affairs, we think he is not likely to suffer any individual on the discarded list to frustrate in secret the whole object of his policy. It is be lieved, and upon very good grounds, that the Count de Subserra is to proceed to London as Portuguese Ambassador. This arrangement, it is easy to perceive, may be reconcileable with the soundest political prudence. It at least re moves him from the sphere of intrigue, r.nd takes away any influence which he might have upon the spot, in forming any counter-combination. [MORNING CHRONICLE•] We received last night the Paris Papers of Wednesday and the Etoile of Thursday. They contain no intelligence of any political interest. The Journal des D(f.bats stiles Lord Dudley and Ward a young and eloquent orator. The French are very much perplexed with the perpetual me tamorphoses of our Aristocracy. The Noble Personage in question is, it is true, a young Lord, but he was lately by no means a young Commoner. It would appear from the difficulty with which, the French Papers obtained the Debate on the Address, that the prohibition against English Papers is very strictly enforced at this time. We received at a late hour last night New York Papers to the 15th January. They con tain no intelligence respecting the proceedings in Peru. The New York Evening Post quotes Bahia Papers and Letters to the 23d November, stating that the business was completely at a stand in consequence of the unsettled position of political affairs. The Senate of Massachussets and Legislature of South Carolina had unani mously passed ReFolutions expressive of their high sense of the services rendered to his coun try, during his Presidency, by M. Monroe. 'The immensity of the navigation of the United States may be judged of from the fact, that the Ameri can Tonnage alone employed in the foreign trade of the United States, for the year ending 1823, was 1,490,322 tons. The foreign tonnage was 118,681 tons—both 1,609,013 tons.—(bid.) [T2-1E TIMES. Mr. EtteasDonnel has published a letter, or manifesto—it is in print, and not addressed to any body—submitted 46 respectfully to YOUR consideration ;" but who or what tl►e noun may be which is understood to correspoud with the pronoun " your," appeared not upon this official document. The Catholic cause is in itself, as we have often said, a respectable cause ; but it is not to be served by such advocates as the " pious &teas." Even in this short opening of a case, he states it unfairly, and defeats, us he deserves to do, his own purpose. He accuses the Government of dishonesty in pretending to put down the Orangemen by their Act of 1823, because tl►e Act was, in son►e instances, as Mr. Goulburn himself ac knowledges, evaded by those fanatics. lie says that nothing was done to redress the wrongs or wipe out the indignities complained of by the Catholic population, and that the Association originated in this continuance of Ministerial in justice. Now, as for indignities, the grand indig nity of all—the celebration of the 12th of July was put down; the statue—the burden of all their discontents—the statue was not suffered to exhibit any marks of Orange insolence. These things were much talked of while they existed, but their abolition never stirred up one move. ment of gratitude or satisfaction. Then, as for positive injuries, the great weight of tythe was taken from the poor, and thrown upon the rich, and the Magistrates were forced to do justice. The truth is, that the Association was fitted to work out the objects of the Catholic aristocracy, and of them alone ; and the priest and the pea sant were equally made use of as its engines. ITIIE PUBLIC LEDGER.) Letters were received yesterday from Alalta, dated the 15th ult. ; but they possess no other interest, except that of confirming the intelligence we published yesterday, respecting the complete restoration of tranquillity in the Morea. They likewise corroborated the report of Coloctroni having been obliged to surrender himself, uncon ditionally, to the troops that were employed against him. These letters speak of the pro spects of the Greeks in the most glowing terms, and describe their independence as virtually established already. The success of that people, seeing the formidable enemy they have to con tend with, and the deep injuries they have sus tained from that enemy, is one of the most extra ordinary, as well as gratifying, phenomena of our time, fertile as it is in wonderful apparitions.— The mind that can contemplate the idea of their restoration to the rank of independent nations with a feeling of indifference, must have, indeed, a singular construction. Amongst the other wrongs to which they have been obliged to sub mit, is the charge of intellectual degeneracy; but no imputation could be more unfounded ; and from the specimens we have seen of them, we are convinced they want only culture to establish their right of inheritance to the genius, as well as the blood, of that glorious race of men, who, two thousand years since, irradiated humanity by the surpassing lustre of their virtues and talents. The proprietors of the Levant Company as sembled yesterday. The President, Lord Git urr- VILLE, took the Chair, and addressed the mem bers at some length on the dissolution of the Com pany. His Lordship returned them thanks for the honour they had so long conferred upon him, as President of their body ; and expressed his gra tification that, in dissolving the Company, Go vernment entertained no feeling of hostility towards them, but that the liberal policy of his Majesty's Ministers, in widely extending trade, had alone led to the dissolution of the Company. A DEFENCE of the PROTESTANT CHURCH from the ATTACK of the MODERN HISTORIAN of the REFORMATION, W. COBBETT. (No. IV.) MR. Erwroa—PETEß may indeed, as one of the early fathers says, be called the rock, be cause he first laid in the Gentiles the foundation of faith, just as some of the Apostles, James and John, were called pillars of the churcis, by whose pious labours it was supported, after Peter, who was the first to begin it, had taken upon him the edifying of the church. But this is far from con ferring upon him any such pre-eminence as is arrogated by his proud soi-disant successors, or even any right of dominion above his brother Apostles, who as Apostles were endowed with the same privileges, as they were sent forth under the same commission to preach the Gospel to all nations : and it has been most satisfactorily proved by those who have gone through every passage in his life as it is written in the sacred records,, that whatever privilege or commission or title was given to him by our blessed Lord, was also given to the others ; and that even in allusion to this very epithet, which is made the ground work of his Apostolical pre-eminence, he has only given to him the same name with them all, for the wall of Jerusalem. which came down from heaven had 12 foundations on which were inscribed the names of the 12 Apostles of the Lamb. If there could be one text in scripture clearer than another to this purpose, it is the language of St. Paul to the church at Ephesus :- 44 We are all built upon the foundation of the Prophets and Apostles, Christ himself being the chief corner-stone ;" and again, " other foun dation can no man lay than that which is laid, which is Christ Jesus." Than these texts from his brodier Apostle, what language could be plainer to prove that though Peter might he call ed the Corner-stone, or the Kock upon which the church was to be built, as he took the lead in its establishment, or as one of our own w riters expresses it, was" the first and most eminent part of its foundation,," yet he never took such a lead, or was raised to any such pre-eminence above the rest, who are also called the founda tion, as to be called by distinction the Head of the Church. The expression upon which the apostolical pre-eminence is founded, is a quota tion after the manner of our Lord, from one of the Prophets, who now, that the Gospel is re vealed, speaks so clearly about Him, and about his Church, to any one that will compare them. As Peter was the first to proclaim the mysteries of incarnation and his divinity, he natura ly calls to the mind of his disciples the very words of Isaiah, who says, "Behold thus saith the Lord God, I lay in Zion for a foundation a precious corner-stone; a sure foundation : he that believed! shall not make haste." Hence the Disciples might know who was that stone which lay in Zioo a sure foundation, and wherefore that foundation was so sure that it could never be moved or the gates of hell prevail against it, because it was not the creature hut the Creator himself—the Son of God. Hence they would not under stand St. Peter to be the Rock in any other sense than as taking the lead in the edifying of the Church, and building it upon the true Rock—the confession of the faith—by which he had just announced Christ to he the Son of God ; the very Corner-stone, which the builders refused, but which is now become the head of the corner, and " he who believed' in this shall not make haste," the gates of hell shall not prevail against the true church or body of true believers scat tered about the face of the earth. With these, he promises to abide unto the end of the world on another occasion, and on this he may be only confirming his promise as an encouragement, not only to the faith of those more immediate dis ciples who were so soon to go forth and encoun ter the prosecutions of that world, but also to the faith of all in succeeding generations wheresoever his gospel should be recorded, that his saints might not faint in their hearts, or fail in their just confidence, but persevere through all their fiery trials, in the midst of an infidel and aban doned age, even unto the end. Our Lord tells all the A postles as well as Peter, not only to go teach all nations, but en courages them with this assurance " that he will be with them always even unto the end of the world." Every one of the Apostles had the same commission to perform his office in any part of the world,—as one of the early fathers says, "the whole world was the province of each Apostle ;" and another calls any one of the Apostles an " CEcumenical judge and leader of all men under the Sun,"—so far were they from confining them to any particular district, or ranking them all as subordinate to one universal Bishop; nor did they ever raise St. Peter to he a prince of the Apostles, who were supposed to be endowed with the same titles and privileges and the same authority over the different churches which they established as that Apostle had over his. One of them calls that very title a cory phipn of authorities in the church. In his com mentary upon a passage where St. Paul says— " The Lord gave some Apostles, some pro phets," &c. ; and in other passages, where he places the Apostles first in order, he says,— "We have heard Paul himself enumerating powers, and seating the apostolical in the high est rank ; whereas, if St. Peter or any one were higher, and so high as some have placed him in the latter days of the church, he never could have omitted in his enumeration of the different orders the highest and most pre-eminent of them all. But not a word Is said either by him or by any other of the sacred writers, or by the earlier Fathers, of any such dignity, but all the Apostles are placed upon the same level : and St. Paul even declares, that he is " not a whit behind the chiefest of the Apostles ;" and it can only be, therefore, by the authority of man, and not by divine right, that any such new order has been substituted, which seems to invert the general order, and dares to " rob Paul to pay Peter." A PROTESTANT. ( 7'o be continued. ) COAL MARKET, FEB. 11. Ships at Market. Ships sold Price. 59 Newcastle - -29 s Od to 37:, 7i Sunderland - - -29 s Od to 39s 6d COURSE OF EXCHANGE, February 11. Amsterdam Ditto, at Sight l2 0 Rotterdam Antwerp l2 4 Hanahurgh -37 I 24 Us, Minna Paris,3 Day's sight Ditto . 25 45 il ~ Rourdeaux, ditto . 25 45 01 s Berlin 7 5 Frank fort on tl' c Main ..• Petelsburgh • 9 0 Vienna lO 4 Trieste Madrid .„ ...,.. 36 Effective Cadiz Ultima . : Barcelona ieville Gibraltar Leghorn Get.•4l .. 444—Venice, Ital. Liv 27 - Malta Paler'''. „. Lisbon Oporto ItioJaneiro 48 Bahia • 50 thibliis .... 94 Cork &4 pet Cent. BULLION. - - - - Portugal Gold . ,in Coin L.O 0 0 per Os. Foreign Gold, in 133 rs 3 17 p New Dosil)luons New jiroliara Silsei Standard 11/ ...... 00 101 LITERARY NOTICE. The SUNDAY SCHOOL PRIMER, or Child's First Book, being an Introduction to reading the Holy Bible. By Mrs. THADf AIL. We are not afraid of the juxta-position of the words 44 Literary Notice," and this unpretending title ; for we little value those Readers who would be disposed to ridicule us for calling the attention of the Public to any thing useful, how ever humble the nature of its utility. if the edu cation of childhood be a task of great import ance and difficulty, whatever promotes its inte rests and diminishes its obstacles deserves to be known and recommended, and we shall be well content to endure all the consequences to which a Notice like this may expose us from the thoughtless, if we can be sure that the publica tion now before us will, by our instrumentalit y , become appreciated and employed. It cannot be disputed that, with much empi ricism and chicanery, the present age really far surpasses all its predecessors in theextent of ed uca tion, and the reason of this is, in a great degree, to be found in the improvement of books for children. The object of these books formerly seemed to be only to teach children to read ; the use of reading itself never entered into the heads of those who made them. When a child had, by excessive toil, mastered the alphabet, every thing was done; and he had only to study, as a praxis the eloquent epics of Jack Sprat and Robert and Richard, or those pathetic lyrical ballad's which celebrate the fortunes of Horner and Long legs, and which have only been surpassed by the great lyrical balladist of Johnny Foy. After a due time consumed in these edifying exercises, the Histories of the Bible, of England, and of Rome were given to the child, which he laboured through as his task, but which were always sufficiently unintelligible to give neither instruction nor amusement. Childhood thus half consumed, the Eton Latin Grammar was committed to memory. We have read of a schoolmaster who was so at tached to obscurity that when one of his scholars was unable to construe his own exercise, he ex claimed,—" Tonto melius : ipse non intelligo." We should suppose this gentleman employed the Eton grammar. However, not to step beyond what we are now treating, the whole system of what was called education in the last age was to cram a child with words, and leave the ideas to them selves. Very different is the spirit of the present. A child of eight years old, who has read at all, must now possess some real knowledge. The first books which are placed in his hands contain necessary or valuable information, and they are written in such a language as is easily compre hensible by children, and amusing to them. " Lectorem delectando pariterque inonendo." Since this good has actually been effected by the reform in the nature of children's books, we are bound not to overlook any improvement in their formation, nor to withhold the just tribute of praise from those who contribute to these im provements, which certainly :Ire undertaken from any motives but those of ostentation or pleasure, except that pure delight alone which waits doing good," In tenni labor, at tenuis non gloria." And certainly none deserve a higher share of praise (with all respect for the sages of New Lanark) , than those who make clear to children their cir cumstances and duty as redeemed and respon• sible creatures, and follow the good course of the Baptist, in making straight the paths of the Lord. Our attention has been chiefly directed to this little book from learning that Mrs. Thamar is the authoress of the" Scripture cards, of which we took occasion to speak some time since with the most unqualified approbation. The " First Book" may be considered as an introduction to these : and although it may have been origin ally intended for the use of Sunday Schools, there is nothing in it which restricts its utility to this or any other institution. The object of the book is to make religion the earliest busin ess o f lif e and the first purpose of reading; and by means of the Primer and the Scripture Cards a child may attain a clear and safe knowl;,=lge of what has been done for him, and what he is expected to do. We strongly recommend Mrs. THAMAR'S book to all parents who wish to combine instruction and interest with the acquirement of the first ru diments, and we cordially agree in the senti ments expressed in her Preface, on which she has so conscientiously and successfully acted. " As to what a child ought to read, every serious reflecting mind, convinc ed of the tre asure i t contains, would say,.-the Bible. But. .iis sacred volume ought never to be used merely for the purpose of teaching children to read ; nor ought they to be allowed to read it till their minds have been, in some degree, prepared for the solemn truths they will find there. For this purpose short and easy Bible Histories are very useful, as soon as a child can read with tolerable ease ; and the following sub jects have been selected, as awakening a peculiar interest in the feelings of children. " It is much to be regretted, that many of our youth of both sexes lay aside their Bibles when they leave school, and spend the few hours they have to spare in reading books which overturn all the serious impressions and good principles they may have received there. Is this in any way to he attributed to their not having received the word of God with pleasure and delight in early life ? If so, how careful ought parents and teachers to be, that religious instruction be made pleasing, and that the first books which they put into the hands of youth are such as will tend to their spiritual advantage, and incline them to take the Bible for their guide through life." FOR THE SUN. RAIL-ROADS. MR. EDITOR—On looking over a Paper of to day, which contains a list of all the New Joint Stock Companies which have been formed within the last few months, I was perfectly astounded to find that their number amounts to no less than 114, and that of this number 20 are Companies for the laying down of Rail-roads in different districts throughout the country. How the pur chasers of Rail-road Shares can dream that so many schemes will not seriously, nay ruinously interfere with one another, or, what is more un accountable, how they can suppose that the esti mates of the original cost will not be quadrupled, aye perhaps exceed tenfold, in consequence of the enormous rise both in iron and coals, which, through the setting afloat of these plans, has already taken place, and which will know hardly any bounds, should but half of the plans be pro ceeded in with any show of determination, is to all sober thinkers a perfect enigma— Really, Sir, it is passing sad to see the gambling mania with which respectable capitalists have inoculated a large portion of the public. Let nine-tenths of these Rail-road schemes, for in stance, be subjected to a thorough critical exa mination. Let the lands they are to disfigure and derange by running through them, and the consequent opposition to their being laid down, which they will meet with from hundreds of landed proprietors, be duly considered : let their cost at even the present advanced price of materials, be calculated ; let the necessary slow ness of draught, if any degree of safety is to be ensured, and the stoppages to refill the boilers with hot water, (for cold water will not do) ; let the chances of explosion from the power of the steam ; let the advance of prices in general, from the terrible rise in iron and coals which are em ployed to such an extent in so many houses and manufactories ; let the probabilities of fractures of rails, either from frosts, or wear, or pressure, or the force of the machine thrown the minutest degree out of a right line by only one of a thou sand possible accidental causes ; let the intoler able crossings and re-crossings of turnpikes, and other frequented roads and ways ; let the liabili ties to a winter blockade from deep falls or drifts of snow ; and, above all, let the sudden and shameful depreciation of canal property, (a species of property be it remembered), which gives the means of living to thousands upon thousands of individuals, to widows and or phans, to men, women, and children in every rank, and under every varying circumstance of life) be taken ;Ito account, and then let these select considersi;:t'ons form a theme from the ru mination of ny one who chuckles at the idea that despite of all opposition and every conflicting in terest, the Rail-road Bills will be carried, and himself have a slice of 10, or 20, or 30 per cent. profit on the original cost of some celebrated Railway.—Urging these reflections upon your Railway Readers, and the public in general, I am, Sir, your obedient Servant, Jan. 31. A. Z. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE. CAMBRIDGE, FED. 11.—At a Congregation on Wednesday last, the following degrees were conferred : Bachelor in Divinity.—ltev. Thomas homer, Trinity Col. lege. - Licentiates in Physic.—Christopher John Robert Allatt,Esq. 111.8. Trinity College; Edward Morton, Esq. M.B. Trinity College. Masters of Arts.—Rev. E. B. Frere, Corpus Christi College; Rev. Edward Robert Earle, Christ College. Bachelors in Civil Law.—Rev. Richard Fortescue Purvis, Jesus College ; Rev. James Henry Earle, Jesus College. Bachelor of Arts.—Lucius O'Brien, Esq. Trinity College. At the above Congregation, the Rev. George Maclear, 31. A. of Trinity College, Dublin. was incorporated of this University. Bell's Scholarships.—An election of two Scholars upon this foundation will take place on Friday the 18th of March. Tyrzvhitt's Hebrew Scholarships.—The examination for a Scholarship on this foundation will commence on Wednesday the 4th of May. The Rev. George Pearson, B.D. Fellow of St. John's Col lege, has been presented, by the Governors of the Charter House, to the Rectory of Castle Camps, in thil county, vacant by the death of the Rev. Wilfred Clarke. The Rev. Benjamin Pulleyne was last week instiruted to the Vicarage of Sherringham, Norfolk, on the presentation of the Lord Bishsp of Ely. The Hon. and Rev. Adolphus Augustus Tumour was last week instituted to the Rectory of Garveston, Norfolk, on the presentation of Sir Wm. Clayton, Bart. The Rev. James House, M.A. has been instituted to the Vicarage of Barwick, Norfolk, on the presentation of Mrs. Anne Hoste, of Barwick Hall. The Rev. J. W. Worthington, of Trinity College, has been elected evening Lecturer at Allhallows, Lombard-street, London. MARRIED. At Twickenham, on the Bth inst., Robert Jeffery, Esq., to Blary Eleanor, widow of the late Wm. Simpson, Esq., of Madras. On Thursday, at St. James's, Mr. J. Langstaff, of Little Newport-street, to Elizabeth, the only daughter of R. T. Gill, Esq. of Regent-street. DIED. On the 10th instant, Mrs. Skilbeck, of Ilighbury-pla.ce, Islington. On Thursday, the 10th inst., in th e 824 y ear o f hi s age, W m.' Bedford, Esq., of Walthamstow Essex. Lon Ondon the .Ist inst., a t S t . Omer, Richard Dassie, Es q ., l ate o f On Tuesday, the Bth inst., at Studley, Wilts, Mrs. Budd, aged 89. Printed and Published for the PROPRIETORS, at the Star, OFFICE, No. 112, Strand ) by J. B. Chasistlittl. I