The Sun. — London, England, 1861-04-19 00:00:00

qui EA Til I. l ] Y AL L IIAYMARKET. . Leascc, MB r. J. B. Backstorit. r/ '7' 3,3 EVENIT-TG, the nerformanses aormtniTro with A DUKE IN 'DIFFICULTIES. Mrs. Stirling, Mies F . Raydon, Mrs. Wilkins, Miss Fenny Stirling, Mr. Buckstone, kr. Compton, Mr. floWe, After which, will be revived, with entirely new scenery and effects, and all the music by the late Sir Henry Bishop, the melodrama of THE MILLER AND HIS MEN. And A DAUGHTER TO MAIZIa. Commence at 7. 11HEATRE - ROYAL LYCEUM. A_ sots Lessee and Directress, Madame CELESTE. Last Two Nights of the Season. THIS EVENING, THE SECRET. Atter which, MEDEA. Miss Matilda Heron. To be followed by HANDY ANDY. Handy Andy, Mr. John Draw. To conclnde with a Ballet. ROYAL PRINCES S'S THEATRE.- Lessee and Manatrer, Mr. A. Harris. THIS EVENING, THRICE MARRIED. Messrs. Shore, Meadows, Garden, and Miss C. Leclereq. Followed by HAMLET. Hamlet, Mr. Fcchter. Sup ported by Hermann Vezin, Ryder, Meadows, &C. ; Misses Heath, Elsworthy, and R. Lcclercq. NEW THRATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.- Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, the new drama, MAGLIORE, THE PRESTIDIGIVIOR. Messrs. B. Webster, J. L. Toole, D. Fisher, &c; Miss IC. Kelly, Miss H. Simms, (to. To be followed by a new apropos Sketch, THE CENSUS. Messrs. .T. 1.. Toole, Eburne, Romer, C. J. Smith ; Miss Sate Kelly, Miss E. ohorne, and Mrs. Chatterley. After which, THE FOOL OF THE FAMILY. Mr. Pau' Bedford, C. J. Smith, Eburne, 3li s s Laidlaw, and Miss Julia Daly, Doors open at half past 6—Commence at 7. CANTERBURY -HAL L CONCERTS!! Westminster -road. Proprietor.. ..... .C. Morton. A Grand Saection trom C OBS Rep Verdre new Opera, IL (This opera has never been produced In this or any other ex cept at these Concerts), having met with that de country, cided success which charactise 1 the most popular works of thi s gr,:qtt Master, will be performed EVERY EVENING ; tociether with a Selection from LA FIGLIA DEL REGGI mI,,,NTO, by Donizettl, Principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Madame Maria, Miss Tyrrell, Mr. H. Herbert, Signor Tivoli, H. Drummond, and c. W. Bernard. Director, Mr. F. Jonghmans. The Comic Department comprises Messrs. E. Marshall, A. B. Hollingsworth, Blanchard, F. Bell, W. H. Welland, and the Brothers Conrad. John Martin's Three celebrated Pictures will remain on view a shOrt time longer in the Fine Arts Gallery of the Establishment. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 7h. 51m.—Afternoon, Sh. 40m. To-monnow.-Morning, 9h. 11.m.—Afternoon, 9h. 5Sm. THE WEATHER.—SUN Opytos, APRIL 19, 1 61. THERMOMETER, IN THIS SHADR. sJ—highest since noon yesterday. 40—lowest this morning and during the night. 4S—this day at noon. BAIZOMnETER-30.21. WlND—North-Easterly—fresh; with fine weather, but cold. • 0VT.0.0 I. Ai 4 A. 41 _ • 4 e az , c 4, 0 _ 14; L Y , .t f 1. • -" t) n/To Ur • • THE SUN. LONDON, FRIDAY, APRIL 19, 1881. " Government must and shall hear us or Europe shall." Such, according to one letter from Warsaw, is the language of the Poles. Once more this cruelly oppressed nation is resolved to be heard, even if it be struck with the bullet and the sabre of the Cossack to gain a hearing. Poland understands that it is useless now to shed its blood in battle, for all disarmed, as it is, and garrisoned with its well equipped oppressors, fight in the field is a hopeless reliance. But with a unanimity unknowa before, all classes seem to think that Europe will not look on unresisting martyrdom, for what Europe herself guaranteed Poland in 1815, as patiently as she looked on Russian atrocities, aided by the com plicity of Prussia in 1831. Then, even, Poland was but resisting the grossest infractions of treaty rights. Europe, however, seemed to have settled down to the conviction that NICHOLAS was to crush by his relentless bloody will everything that opposed it. And the Poles, after superhuman prodigies of valour, were obliged to yield to overwhelming numbers, and to troops sheltered by Prussia, when they escaped the Poles by marching within her frontier, while, if the Poles passed it, they were immediately disarmed ! The conduct of Prussia in that war of a noble people, her patronage of the strong and her weakening the weak, are among the many things which compel Englishmen to regard her as one of the meanest of States; weak - Poland, weak Switzerland, weak Denmark—for a fight with any of these feeble powers, llrl.B cowardly people are ever ready —we do not wish for war, anywhere, but when we remember these things it makes one almost wish that she should try her strength single-handed with an antagonist on the Rhine. In that case, Prussia ought to be left to take her chance, and to be reminded that she did worse than leave the Poles to take theirs in 1831. The conduct of Russia in the present case is inex plicable. The Cz.sit doubtless foresaw that ho was to enter upon a struggle with Poland, like, in many respects, to that of Austria with Hungary. He probably would have been glad enough to have escaped such a contest, yet he ought to have known his own. mind. There was little or no likelihood of an armed insurrection. The Agricultural Society, which was more or less at the head of the movement, was free from any such intention or even thought. It had not attempted the slightest preparation for it. llad the CZ IR seen fit in the first instance to speak in the tone of his savage father, there would have been deep disappointment, even just indigna tion ; but there would have been no insurrection. But the Viceroy, under his master's instructions, seemed to be inclined to something like fairness and moderation. Unjust intimations were, indeed, thrown out against imaginary seditious leaders, but reforms were promised and specified, and the air assumed of readiness to re cognise the treaty rights of the kingdom. Then lir.iddenly the CZAR, for we fear the orders came from St. Petersburg, ordered bloody suppres sion of unarmed assemblies. These meetings might have been so easily at first peremptorily forbidden, and in that case would almost certainly not have been attempted, that it is difficult to believe the CZAR and his advisers did not deliberately plan a scheme for wholesale military murder, thinking it would be a wholesome lesson to the entire king dom of Poland. The conduct of the authorities could not have been better planned had this been their object. They owe it to Europe to peoce that it was not so. The very intimations sent to all the Courts of Europe were calculated to lure the Poles to the unarmed and peaceful manifestations in which they indulged, as well as to mislead foreign Governments. "While we write it w ou ld seem li kely, from the fiery last accounts, that exc it ement i s extending thr e _ ll ‘ thout the count r y. I n d ee d , the comparatively to 4" t owns of the p rov i nces appear to be more to the b e i eot than W arsaw. T he feeling extends even n i , --Amine, for at Kiew we learn that disturb ances broke o ut, i for the v i ctims It w ncelebrati ng a f unera l serv i ce a . rsaw, resulting in a bl oo d y sian authoriti es conflict with th© Ilusa apa to hav e Lublin, th e R us General CHRITLEF pear • to . 0 ha ve actua ll y left, and b arching on th e c ity. At Warsaw, on the other h m and , the R uss i ans are askin g , whether sincerely or insincerely, it is not Count Z.tm oYsiti easy to say, , the President of the Agricultural Society, whose dissoluti on M. Lzwirr erAused the late excitement, to undertake the vi ce _ presidency of the Council of State, and sKr to-become Minister of the Interior for Poland. The Count is, 'perhaps, the most popular man in 14 oland ; but they both require that the troops 'should be withdrawn into the citadel "CI barracks, and that the citizens should again be allowed to act as constables. We observe some signs of secret attempts to raise the peasants against the nobles; after the manner of the horrible and dark deeds of Austria iu Gallicia, It is to be hoped such attempts will fail, as tl - _c nobles have already comuicuci.d the emancipation of their serfs. It were premature to attempt to calculate probabilities. If the Poles of the provinces should have less self-command than those of Warsaw, the possibly desired pretext for drowning Polish liber ties, once more, in blood, ma 3 be gladly embraced. But if the spirit of Warsaw be universal,—the spirit with which the multitude threw away even their sticks to avoid the mere appearance of resis tance—the spirit with which young men bared their bosoms to the soldiers , and women held up their children—the spirit with which after one murderous volley the multitude knelt down and sang a prayer to God, receiving many of them their death wounds in this position—if this spirit of determination to die unresistingly rather than to live as slaves be universal,—then indeed, "Europa must hear them." It cannot avert its eyes from a whole nation dying for liberty at the hands of a semi-barbarian Prince ; it must demand legal rights for the kingdom of Poland. The Chancellor of the Exchequer seems to have sown the seed for a pretty good crop of economical criticisms, if not of economical propositions. Last night military men were quite in the mood for lessening the expenditure of the country, and some civilians joined them in the same cue. Sir. F. SMITH, Colonel DICKSON, and Colonel DUNNE found able backers in Mr. B. OSBORNE and Mr. INIoNsELL. Between Mr. OSBORNE and Lord PAL3IERSTON it came indeed to a sharp war of words ; the Premier remarking that everything the hon. member for Liskeard did not like was a " job, absurd, foolish, ridiculous, or preposter ous"—Mr. OSBORNE excusing the noble lord as suffering under considerable irritation from the effects of colchicum, and remarking that any one who happened to differ from the noble lord was " supposed to have studied in the school of light ness,' and to be subject to fits of violence." Some facts, however, came out, which we briefly advert to with little comment. The fortification of Portsdown Hill was attacked as being seven miles of works, and needing a whole army to de fend it ; while, from opinions expressed in the Commissioners' Report, it is evident that our navvies could improvise in a short time sufficient defensive works. Our floating batteries have also changed the whole plan of defence requisite for Portsmouth. They, too, can be placed almost any-. where they may be wanted. The enormous disproportion between the increase of men and the increase of cost was plainly illus trated in several cases. For instance, seven years ago, £9,000,000 was sufficient to meet the expenses of 119,000 men ; now we arc to pay £14,000,000 for 146,000; that is, the 27,000 additional troops are to eost us £5,000,000 more money, or at the rate of £lB5 per soldier !! And dividing it over the whole army, each soldier cost at the former period £75, now he costs just £lOO ! Income-tax payers would like to know "the reason why ?" Again, Mr. MONSELL gave us some valuable points of comparison between the cost of our army and that of France. After deducting everything in which there was no fair comparison between our system and that of France there, remained a charge to us of £5,792,551 for maintaining 146,000 men. On the French side, by the same mode of calcula tion, they spent only £4,000,000 in maintaining an army of 400,000 men. Let us place the two pictures in as good a light as we can— No. of Mon. Cost of Afaintiining. France 400,000 . , £4,000,000 England 146,000 .. 5,792,551 Again, we say, Income-tax payers want to know " the reason why ?" We also subjoin a rather long extract of details of vast disproportionate expense between the in crease and the cost given by Mr. MoNsELL, and such of us payers of this money as choose to read it will again rather impatiently demand " the reason why ?" " In, these long columns of estimates the difficulty of pointing out whether extravagance existed was considerable, and he therefore proposed to quote a few leading items in 1853-54 and compare them with the same items in the pre sent estimates, taking into account the number of men voted. " In 1853-54 the number of men belonging to the army and scientific corps was 119,881 ; and in the present year the number was 146,04.5. What was the difference of the expense of the Staff? For the 119,881 mon, the expense of the Staff was £175,895, and the expense of the Staff now was £326,898. The House would see at once the enormous disproportion between the increase in the number of men and the increase in the expense of the Staff. On that point the House had a right to expect from the Government a full and complete explanation. " The next point ho would refer to was the article of forage. In 1853.54 the army had 9,4.50 horses, and in the present year the number was 13,642. In 1853 the expense of forage—oats and hay—was very much the same as in the present year, but the difference in the cost of the forage in the two periods was RS follows—in 1353-51 the cost was £269,165, and in the present year £182,392. " He would next refer to the articles of fuel and light. In the year 1853-4 the charge for fuel and light had been £116,220, while in the present year it amounted to £241,157. " The expenditure fcr the purchase and repair of barrack and hospital furniture had in the former year been £57,829 ; this year it was £127,400. That being so, he thought he had clearly demonstrated to every hon. gentleman who listened to him, that a most disproportionate incioase had, in the charge under every one of those heads, taken place." A delightful speech has just been delivered (it will be perceived from a report in another column) immediately upon his return homewards by Lord ELGIN —Earl of ELGIN and KINCARDINE. It is less of a formal harangue than of an agreeable and almost familiar gossip indulged in by our distin guished statesman, and diplomatist, and adminis trator directly he finds himself released from harness, from the toils of office, from the respon sibilities of an immense and, in some respects, unparalleled enterprise, and settling down again quietly among his old friends and neighbours. Lord ELGIN avails himself of the occasion to recal to mind how long it is now since, Scot-like, he has been a wanderer from the haunts of his boyhood, a nomadic vagrant almost on the world's surface, far away from the well-remembered scenes of Dunfermline. Twenty years, he now bethinks himself, have elapsed since his public or political career was commenced, by his being sent to the House of Commons to take his place among the ranks of the popular representatives. Scarcely had he assumed his seat as M.P., hardly had a few weeks elapsed from the date of his entrance into St. Stephen's when, by his father's unexpected demise, he found public life of any kind apparently, for the moment, closed against him inexorably by the pecu liarity of his position as the inheritor of a purely Scotch peerage. Succeeding to a Scotch peerage, he says, "I was expelled from the House of Commons without being admitted to the House of Lords." Barely, however, had he begun to reconcile himself to the fact of the elimination of his name from among the catalogue of our national legisla tors, wh en he was su dd en ly ca ll e d u p on t o re - enter Public lif e i n a very different capacity, to inaugu rate his fial admi n i et career afresh, in f ac t, as a res p ons ibl e co l a rater. The Statesman whose eagle 1 eye detected in the young Scotch lord the posses sion of those rare gifts which have sinee then deve loped themselves into one of the most distinguished reputations recognisable among our living adminis trators, then held the reins of office as H.M.'s Secre tary of State for War and the Colonies. This was no other than the noble earl the present leader of her MAJESTY'S Opposition, Lord DERBY, obeying what might almost be termed, without extravagance, in this way, the instincts of his remarkable sagacity in discrimination, requested Lord ELGIN almost imme diately upon his assuming his ancestral title to undertake the Government of the island of Jamaica. There it was, as Governor of Jamaica, that, during five years, Lord ELGIN got his hand well " in" as a Colonial Administrator. Scarcely had he returned homewards from his five years governorship of Jamaica when he was selected by the Colonial Secretary for a similar post of far greater distinction, and one consequently invested with a far larger share of responsibility. He assumed the government of the Two Canadas, and, there, as Governor of the Canadas, remained in power for no less than eight years consecu tively upon the opposite shores of the Atlantic. By the time these eight years were completed Lord ELGIN'S reputation as a colonial administra tor may be said to have been firmly and securely and permanently established. So securely was it established that no sooner was there manifested a necessity for the selection of a man of more than or dinary capacities to undertake the conduct of the Chinese negotiations, with a view to the satisfac tory settlement of the unhappy dispute which had suddenly sprung up about the affair of the lorcha Arrow, than Lord ELGIN was at once fixed upon as the fittest person to go out there to that end, entrusted with full discre tionary power and authority, as her Britannic MA JESTY'S Minister Plenipotentiary and Ambassador Extraordinary. " I don't conceal from you,"said Lord ELGIN, at Dunfermline, " that there were some of my friends who rather dissuaded me from under taking that task. It was felt in regard to the China question, owing to circumstances which must still be fresh in your recollection, that a very divided feeling existed on the subject in the coun try, and that it was altogether a ticklish subject to meddl with. I was told it was a cause in which, if I succeeded, success might shock the conscience ; and that if I failed failure would hurt the pride of England. Bet I felt that the simplest rule for a public man in all such cases—the rule I have always followed, and which J shall always follow to the end—was to undertake any public duty in which his services might be usefal to the country. Gen tlemen, I undertook that task, and I need not ask you to-day whether I have any reason to repent of it. And here lam after all. I have now been gone for a great many years, and I have come back among you not quite used up, as our friends the Yankees would say, but still not so young as when sone of us became first acquainted." The chief part of the noble earl's subsequent retrospections were directed, it will be observed, towards that portion of his negotiations which more immediately affect the subject of our relations with Japan and the Japa- nese. The delicacy of his position there he thus ex plains, " When I went to Japan in 1858 to nogotiate a treaty I found myself there in a very difficult position. In the first place I ' had only a fortnight—owing to an obliga. tion I was under to return to China to arrange a tariff with the Chinese Commissioners at a particular date—l had only a fortnight from the day I left Jeddo in which to perform the whole business ; and it is a curious thing that I have never been allowed more than a fortnight in such cases, for when I went to the United States in 1854 I was only allowed a single fortnight to nego tiate a treaty which has admitted the whole of tne products of British North America to free competi tion with the products of the United States in their own markets, and which put an end to the risk of collision on the subject of the fisheries between this country and America—the most serious which has presehted itself, at any rate, during the time that I have been a public man "—that is, during an in terval now of fully twenty years past. It seems almost ludicrous to note those arbitrary restrictions of a great diplomatist upon two successive occasions to a mere fortnight. Yet so it has been actually, as Lord ELGIN remarks to his compatriots at Dunfermline ; and that, moreover, upon two occasions, one in the west, ons in the east, of the "'lost extraordinary importance. It is like work- ing diplomacy " under high pressure." Yet even whop so conducting our negotiations under all these immense disadvantages—Lord ELGIN has accom- plished wonders—England knows all he has accom plished. Whenever the present Coalition Cabinet shall fall to pieces, as fall to pieces in the natural course of things it needs must sooner or later— so far as Reform is concerned, we would hope sooner, so far as European tranquillity is concerned, perhaps we would say later—it must acquit itself of a debt of gratitude by according to the Earl o: ELGIN what he has already nobly earned upon more than one occasion, his elevation to a Mar- quisate. SOUTHAMPTON, April 19.—Hie Royal Highness the Prince Consort, attended by Colonel Ponsonby, Equerry in Waiting, landed in the docks this morning, from her Majesty's yacht Fairy, en route for London. His Royal Highness on landing was received by Mr. P. Hedger and Mr. John Levy, principal officers of the docks, and Mr. R. Beach was in attendance on the part of the South-Western Railway Company. His Royal Highness lac the ducks, by special train, at half-past eight. REMOVAL OF THE COURT FROM THE ISLE OF WlGHT.—According to present arrangements, the Royal Family will leave Osborne on Saturday, the 27th, for throe weeks. METROPOLITAN DRAINAGE.—The total length of the sewers intended to ba constructed by the Metropolitan Board of Works for the main drainage of London is within a few yards of 74 miles. The length executed at present is not 19 miles, but above five more are in course of execu tion, and the titll length contracted for is 46 miles. DEATH OF LORD SIDNEY GODOLPHIN OSBORNE. —The death of this nobleman is just announced to have taken place at his seat, Bartrams, Hampstead, where he had lived in retirement for a long time. He was half uncle to the late and to the present Duke of Leeds, and must not be confounded with the well known "S. G. 0.," the Rev. Lord Sidney Godolphin Osborne, brother of the present duke. MASSACRE OF A SHIP'S CREW.—There has been another awful massacre at the Solomon group. Treasury Island has this time been the scene of native treachery and bloodthirstiness, the inhabitaants having destroyed the American whaler Superior, and butchered 26 of her crew in cold blood. The lives of six who had secreted themselves were spared on the intercession of one of the chiefs, in order that they might till the land. The two principal chiefs divided these men between them, each taking three. Captain Mair, of the schooner Ariel, succeeded, after a great deal of tremble, in rescuing three of these men ; but the other three men still remain in captivity, end at the mercy of a chief Copan, who had been the principal in the massacre of their comrades. It was only by obtaining possession of a relative of one of the chiefs, and by keeping him in irons till the three men whom his kinsmen held in durance were restored, that Capt. 'Nair succeded so far as he did. The news was brought by the Rebecca, and one of the man bc on,ging to the let ter vessel was murdered at New Georgia, during a trksache roue attack upon a boat which was on a watering exited ition. It is to bo hoped that prompt mea sures will be to ken for the rescue of the three captives at Treasury Isla, ad, if still alive, and for the punishment of the murderers. As it is Americans who have suffered, the ra is more claanct ) of such promptitude than if the murdered crew had been British subjects, for the American Govern ment and .its naval officers are more prompt in avenging injuries to the citizens of their country than are the Government and naval authorities of Britain—Sydney 41977iing *fgq. Tac SU - N, LONDON, :FRIDXY EVENING, APRIL 19, 1861, LATEST .E W TELEGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE. PARIS, APRIL 19. The .31oniteur, in its bulletin of to-day, gives a . account of yesterday's sitting of the Chamber c Deputies at Turin, in which the following particu Lars are contained : Garibaldi accused the Ministry of having fomentec the fratricidal war in Southern Italy. The majorit] of the members protested against this accusation. After the speech of Count Cavour, Garibald again spoke, and demanded that the nation shoulc be armed in the same manner as in England. Hi designated the French army as an enemy of Italy because it occupied Rome. Garibaldi indicated, as a means for reconciling thi different parties of the country, the re-organisatior of the army of volunteers and its immediate despatch to the Two Sicilies, for the suppression o all disturbances. MADRID, APRIL 19 The Correspondencia Autografa says:— " The Government will accept the annexation a, St. Domingo as soon as it has been confirmed by Tote of the people; and if no foreign Power pro• tests against the incorporation of St. Domingc with Spain." 13RESLAU, APRIL 18. Advices from Warsaw, to the 15th inst., state that the system of repression was extending there. The negotiations with the Polish leaders had, unti, then, been without any result. They inspired nc great confidence. The troops bivouacked in the public squares. Foreigners entering Poland are subjected to a strict examination. TURIN, APRIL 18. Garibaldi was present at to-day's sitting of the Chamber of Deputies, and was received with such an outburst of applause that the business of the chamber was temporarily suspended. Garibaldi took his seat on the left, at the side of Signor Macchi. Baron Ricasoli then put his interpellation rela tive to the southern army, and requested the Ministry to state their motives for disbanding the army of Southern Italy, and what prompted the measures ordered to be taken for its reorganisation. General Fanti, the Minister of War, defended the measures which had been taken, and said that the system of volunteering was not always favour able to discipline. He said it was impossible to incorporate all the Garibaldian officers in the royal army with the rank they previously held, He justified the measures which had been taken with regard to the Bourbon army and concluded by re viewing the state of the royal army. Garibaldi then pronounced a speech so violent that it excited a tumult in the chamber. He made offensive allusions to the Ministry, against which Count Cavour protested. The President of the Chamber put on his hat, and the sitting was suspended for several moments. Garibaldi, in resuming his speech, spoke with more moderation. He defended the conduct of his comrades in arms, and said that the formation of three divisions of volunteers as decreed was not sufficient for a national armament. General Bixio, who spoke with much warmth, recommended concord and conciliation. His speech was received with loud applause. Count Cavour said he accepted the words of con ciliation expressed in the speech of General Bixio, and declared that he would forget the unpleasant incidents of the sitting. Count Cavour then gave some explanation respecting the armaments, and concluded by laying stress on the importance of the present phase of the national movement. Garibaldi explained several facts alluded to by Count Cavour, and expressed his belief that Cavour loved Italy. He concluded by explaining his reasons for desiring the re-organisation of the volunteers in Southern Italy. Several orders of the day were then proposed, and the discussion was adjourned till tomorrow. CONSTANTINOPLE, APRIL 13. The Government scheme for the issue of new caimes has been published. It states that the total amount will be 1,250 millions of piastres, which will be issued by March next. In the meantime the issue will be at the rate of 30 millions per month. An exchange bank, with a capital of 375 millions of piastres, is to be established. The new notes are to circulate all over the empire, and are re payable in 18 years. The French Ambassador demands the execution of the Huta Tiumayouni. FRANCE. PARIS, APRIL 18. A Paris letter in the Independanee of Brussel; mentions the expected arrival in the French capital of Count Andre Zamoyski, President of the Agri cultural Society of Warsaw, and of Count Potocki. They will afterwards proceed to London, their object being to solicit the intervention of Franca and England in favour of Poland. BounsE, April 18.—The market has shown some little buoyancy, and rather more business has been done at improved quotations. For the Account, Threes are now at 67f. 90c. Railways firm, and prices in many cases better. The following were the last quotations:- 4i per per Cents 95 40 Credit Foncior 925 Do. end mouth.... 41 3 per Cents Do. end month 67 90 Roman i- Bank Shares 2855 j Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 657 50 ; Spanish Threes — Do. Account 6OO I Home Debt RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1335 1336 25 Northern 963 75 .. 9'13 New ditto B9O .. 890 Lyons and Mediterranean 948 75 .. 950 Geneva 392 50 .. 392 50 Southern Western Eastern Sardinian Austrian Lomb rd ........ POLAND. A letter from Warsaw, dated April 10, says:— You are already aware that when on Saturday, the 6th instant, it was reported that the Agricultural Society was dissolved, the people received the news with indignation. Next morning the streets and squares were filled with crowds. At 12 o'clock more than 50,000 people had assembled before the house of the Land Credit Society, numbers of gar lands of flowers were tbrown on the balconies, which were literally covered with them, and patriotic songs, including Dombrowski's march (" Poland is not yet lost") were sung by the crowd. They then proceeded to Count Andrew Zamoyski's palace, and sent him a deputation from among themselves to express their grief at the new order issued by the Government, which dissolved the society, and thank him for all the proofs he had given of his real devo tion public goo d. O n b e i ng p ersu aded to appearto h at tthe balcony, Count Zamoyski thanked the people for this expression of their sympathy' but begged and prayed of them to keep quiet and refrain from any extreme measures, as the future of their country depended upon the maintaining a temperate and dignified attitude. The crowd dis persed quietly, but re-assembled in the Cracow suburb, where it filled the square before the castle. Suddenly a detachment of Cossacks and a battalion of infantry made their appearance, and placed themselves in line in front of the castle. The people '. were summoned to retire, but refused to do so until the soldiers were recalled. The Viceroy came out on foot, with a whip in his hand, and cried to the people " domoi !" (go home), to which they answered that they were at home, but that it n was for him to go away. The Vice ro y, a ft er a 1 moment's pause, which must have app eare d an in supportable one to him, determined on returning to L" his palace, and was greeted with derisive bravos, hisses, and shouts of laughter on his way. A little d later he again came out, but this time on horseback, y and accompanied by a battalion of infantry. They seemed to be undecided as to the course which should li now be taken. The people s till fill e d i n crow d s th e square and the street. The soldiers were ordered d to advance in close order, then to charge, and thus e to sweep the streets. The troops advanced slowly -, and the people retired ; they were then halted, and ordered to shoulder their arms. The soldiers then 0 retired, followed by the people. The crowd was n begged to retire, and they consent e d t o d o so w h en the soldiers should be withdrawn. On this being e done, the bravos of the people filled the air, after 'f which they quietly dispersed to their homes. Next morning, it being a holiday, the streets were filled with people. Several deputations from the citi zens were refused admission to the castle. At 4 o'clock, the body of one of those who had re f turned :from Siberia and had died th e d a y b e f ore yesterday, was to be removed from the Protestant 1 church to the cemetery. About 20,000 followed - the hearse. Meanwhile a squadron of gens s darmes, a sotnia of Cossacks, and a battalion of infantry had formed in line before the castle, where some cannon was also got ready. Several people were walking in the street, mostly composed of women. At 5 o'clock J— was returning from a patient in the old town, and in passing from St. John-street to the Castle-square he saw a cab, in which were two women, attacked by gensdarmes, ) who would not allow the cabman to go on to Pod ! wal-street, whither he said he was taking the women. They struck him, knocked him down with their sabres, and then took him to the castle with the carriage. Just then an officer, accompanied by a drummer, after beat of drum, loudly declared that if the crowd did not disperse they would be fired at. There were very few persons in the street at the time. A postchaise passed, and the postilion played the air "Poland is not yet lost." The officer again advanced with the drummer, and again read aloud the summons to retire. The same was repeated a third time. The few people who wore on the pave ment did not stir. But the crowds who were at this moment returning from the funeral came:out of Senator-street, singing hymns. The troops, on seeing this compact mass of people approach, re ceived them with a volley. A great many were wounded, and some killed on ,the spot. The crowd threw away their sticks, fell on their knees, and sang the national hymn; and ou this crowd, that implored the justice of heaven, the troops fired. They also fired in the direction of the Cracow suburb, killing about 10, and wounding 100. Here, too, at the first shot, the priests of the church of the Ber nardins came out with their crosses, fell on their knees, and sang hymns. The cavalry then charged on them, throwing down and cutting to pieces all in their way. The troops seized the dead and wounded, and dragged their still palpitating bodies to the castle. The others surrounded the men and women who were kneeling before the statue of the Virgin, and continuing their religious hymns, ready to suffer martyrdom. Thus ended this sad and dreadful day, on which the people acted with a self sacrifice truly sublime. This massacre of unarmed people, who had even thrown away their sticks to avoid even the shadow of a provocation, was a massacre much more sacrilegious than that in Syria. Upwards of 30 were killed on the spot, and more than 200 wounded ; but in order to take away all proofs of the falsehoods the Go vernment was about to spread in Europe, the dead were carefully kept from the hands of the citizens. On Tuesday evening, the newspapers published a narrative of these two days drawn up by the Go vernment. The Russians are, both by nature and principle, false and deceitful. This time they gave another proof that they are always the same. They asserted, in the most unblushing manner, that the people had attacked and killed two Russians. These two Russians were soldiers belonging to the detach ment which acted as a patrol, and was just passing the crowd in Senator-street, when the troops fired. A certain Col. Reuter, I believe, who with Liprandi, Chorlew, Kotzebue, and Painutin, were opposed to firing on unharmed persons, on receiving the order to fire, went into the Viceroy's rooms and blew his brains out. During the night of Tuesday all the dead who had been taken into private houses were removed, and numbers of people whose names are as yet unknown were arrested. The town is in a state of intense excitement and anxiety. The people wished to avenge themselves by re-enacting the Sicilian Vespers. Fortunately the more moderate party has succeeded in restraining them by pointing out the uselessness and wickedness of such an act EDUCATION, SCIENCE, AND ART. This branch of the Civil Service Estimates amounts this year to £1,358,996, an increase of £30,584 over the previous year. The vote for education has risen to £1,089,171, of which £803,794 is for Great Britain. The number of children found present in the elementry day-schools inspected in the year 1860 was 962,932, an increase of 82,801 over 1859:; and there were, besides, 1 27,728 children inspected in Poor Law schools, and 6.172 in industrial schools, of which last number I 242 were detained under magisterial sentence, The 1 capitation grant was paid on 262,006 children. The number of certificated teachers in charge of schools was 7,711, an increase of 833 over 1859 ; of pupil teachers 15,535, an increase of 311 ; of students in 1 training colleges 2,826, an increase of 32. The 1 next ♦ote is of £111,484 for the Science and Art 1 Department. The visitors to the South Kensington Museum in 1860 were 610,696 in number, an in crease of 135,331. A sum of £17,000 was voted last year for erecting better accommodation for the collections, and it is now proposed to grant £15,000 on account of an estimate of £27,000 for buildings to replace the wooden schools and provide residences for officers on duty at night; both votes were ad vised by the Select Committee that sat last year. It is mentioned that the schools of art in the United Kingdom in 1860 reached 86 in number with 90,625 students, an increase of 4,856 over 1859. Passing over the votes of £100,414 for the British Museum, £16,285 for Scottish Universities (a grant which is more than doubled this year), and one or two minor grants, we are brought to the vote for the National Gallery, £12,134, including £6,000 for the purchase of pictures. The chief purchase in the past year is a " predella" (once forming part of an alter-piece), consisting of five pictures by Fra Gio vanni. Of this work Vasari says, " The infinite small figures, which are seen in a celestial glory, are so beautiful that they seem to be truly (beings) of Paradise, nor can the spectator who draws near satiate himself with contemplating them." These pictures have arrived safely in England. They were purchased for the National Gallery in Octo ber for £3,500 ; but the additional expenses, in consequence of the demands of the Roman Government before allowing the exportations, were unusually great. Those demands ostensibly founded on the excellence and celebrity of the works, were admitted to be also partly suggested by the state of the Perpal finances. The British Consul finally paid £7OO for the permission of exportation. With respect to the Gallery in Trafalgar square, we learn that it is hoped it may be reopened within the month of May. The number of visitors in 1860 was 684,639 ; but the alterations prevented the gallery being open after the Bth of September. The average number of students was 54; the pic tures most frequently copied by them during the year were Reynolds's "Age of Innocence," Dyck man's " Blind Beggar," and Lan dseer's " Shoeing." PREFERMENT OF THE REV. ALFRED POOLE.— This gentleman, who was deprived of his licence as - curate of St. Barnabas, Pimlico, by the Bishop of London, has been promoted to the perpetual curacy of Bussage, Glou cestershire. Mr. Poole has tried all the courts of law to compel his bishop to restore him to his curacy, but, as is well known, the decision has been uniformly against hin', the final decision having been given only a week or two back by the Judicial Committee of Privy Council. Bussage is a hamlet in the parish of Bisley, of which the Rev. T. Keble is vicar. It is a place of High Church tendencies, and in it is a Sisterhood of Mercy, with a penitentiary. Galignani says :—" It was at St. Gerraein-en lAye that the Duke d'Aumale's pamphlet was printed, the prefect; deceived probably by its title, having granted per mission for the publication. Bales of copies were forthwith forwarded to Paris, but the seizure was teffOted 9/1 thy ye'y day 94 wl4ic4 t h e salt columecd." THE OVERLAND MAIL. We have received our letters and papers dated March 27. (From the Bombay Stanch-ltd.) We regret to learn from the Madras press that the whole of the Madras presidency is bordering upon famine, the failure of the crops being more or less general throughout its extent. A lull occurs, we are glad to say in the cry of distress from the North-West, where Government has made great efforts to rescue the people from starvation. Bom bay has raised £1,20,000 and Calcutta £1,60,000 to supplement its efforts. The publication of the Royal Warrant for the formation of a Staff Corps in each of the Presiden cies has not done much towards enlightening the Indian Army on its future prospects, Until the details are settled by the Calcutta Committee, it is impossible for any officer to decide whether or not it will be advantageous for him to join this Staff Corps. The Bengal Chamber of Commerce is bestirring itself to render the Baghdad-Constantinople tele graph line available for communications between England and India, and the Supreme Government has ordered an experiment to be made from Bombay, ignorant apparently of how much has already been done by the local government to bring this country nearer to Europe through the Turkish line of telegraph from Baghdad. Sir George Clerk's attention was early turned to this most important question, and a proposal was made some months ago to the Home authorities to sanction a fortnightly steam communication be tween Bombay and the Persian Gulf (either by steamers of the Indian navy or by contract vessels), with a view to avail ourselves of the Baghdad line as soon as completed, and also for the general inte , rests of our increasing trade in that quarter. The proposal was negatived by Sir C. Wood. We now hear that the line in question has been successfully working for several months, while we are utterly incapable of making use of it. All that the wise acres at the India House have done, is to order a survey of the Persian Gulf to ascertain its practica bility for a cable, to be in communication with the Baghdad line either at that place or at Basra. But owing to the admirable surveys of the Indian navy, we know the soundings in the Gulf, for all practi cal purposes, as well as the English Channel. The Zenobia has gone on this errand, and a wild-goose chase it is ; for with our present knowledge of the fate of all deep-sea cables, it would be the height of folly to make a renewed attempt of the kind. Re cent inquiries lead us to believe that there will • scarcely be any difficulty in connecting Kurrachee with Bushire by a land line, and we earnestly hope that the endeavours which are being made to inte rest the Home Government in that scheme will not meet with the fate of other excellent projects sug gested by this Government. We hear from Calcutta that Major-General Birch intends to return to England almost immediately, and that his successor, as Secretary of the Govern ment of India in the military department, is likely to be Colonel Mayhew, who is almost certain to lose his appointment as Adjutant-General of the army, owing to the determination of the Horse Guards that Colonel Haythorne shall be the chief official adviser of the Commander-in-Chief in India. Another correspondent states that Col. Haythorne is likely to be fifth wheel in the military coach, under the denomination of Chief of the Staff. The Afofussilite records the death of Lieutenant Fryer, of her Majesty's 35th Regiment. The de ceased was swimming on Saturday last, 16th inst„ in this station (Meerut) with several other officers, and suddenly sank. The body was not recovered for several minutes, when life was extinct. Lieutenant Colonel Sir E. Campbell Military Secretary to the Governor-General, will resign his appointment and go home to England by an early mail, we believe, to assume command of a battalion of his regiment, her Majesty's 60th Rifles. We have not heard who is to succeed him. MADRAS, MArtm 20. Government Securities :- 5i per cent., -1 per cent. discount to par. 5 ~ 7 „ discount. 4 „ 22 • Exchange on England for first class credits at 6 months' sight, 2s. 1 dd. per rupee. Freight for England, £2 15s. per ton. Interest on (Govt.) Loans, 11 per cent. per annum. Money market tight. CALCUTTA, MARCH 23, Money market easy. Discount (on Government Securities) at the rate of 6 per cent. per annum. Government Securities :- 4 per cent., 'A+ per cent. discount. 5 If 5 8 It 5. 1 premium. Exchange on England for first class credits at 6 months' sight, 2s. 1 y d per rupee. Freight to London for seeds, £3 17s. 6d. per ton. THIS FRENCH IN THE RED SEA. (From the Bombay Gazelle.) • The ulterior object of the French ships of war, at present in the Red Sea, we believe to be the occupation of a suitable part, which may serve as a coaling station, and otherwise facilitate the extension of the national influence in the quar ter, and especially over Abyssinia. The imme diate and avowed object, however, is to avenge the death of Mons. H. Lambert, who acted for a time as Vice-Consul for France at Aden, and whom the French Government believe to have been murdered by some Somalies or Arabs on board of a native boat between Zeila and Tajoorra while on a voyage from Hodeida. The circum stances occurred in June, 1859, and the report which first reached us was confirmatory of the outrage. Subsequently, however, our correspondent at Aden informed us that Mons. Lambert's death was purely accidental that he and his servant had been drowned on the African coast while attempting to escape from a stranded bugle. As this information was based on an investigation instituted by Brigadier Coghlan, who despatched one of his Assistants to the spot in H.M.S. Furious, we readily accept it, and have ever since been disposed to believe that such was the true version of the melancholy catastrophe. Circumstances, however, have lately come to our knowledge, which lead us to fear that Lambert was the victim of foul play. It appears, indeed, that the French government received accounts from Aden, simultaneously with the official report of his acci dental death, declaring that he was murdered, and adducing sufficient grounds for the suspicion. Though somewhat tardy in their movements, the French have nevertheless not been backward in organising proceedings designed to elicit the truth and if necessary to punish the guilty parties. Com modore le Viscomte de Langle, with a fleet of four ships, lately reached Aden, and immediately requested the Assistant Resident in Charge to sup ply him with a copy of all the official cor respondence which had passed on the subject of Lambert's death. Captain Playfair com plied with the request at once, and as hav ing been the officer deputed by Brigadier Coghlan to conduct the original investigation, at Tajoorra, he had an opportunity of stating his personal convictions on the matter, and of bringing forward any additional proofs regarding the man ner of the unfortunate man's death. The French Commodore, however, was by no means satisfied that the case was as had been represented, and he went on to state that his Government was in pos session of evidence rendering it probable in the highest degree that Lambert had been murdered. It appears that some portion of this evidence had been transmitted, either directly or indirectly through the Roman Catholic Chaplain at Aden, who, on being called before the Commodore and Captain Playfair indicated the parties among the Somalies who had testified to having seen Lambert stabbed on board the boat and cast into the sea. Thereon another witness was produced a Mr. Grey, who had very lately been employed at Aden in the Income-tax Department—who affirmed that While at Tajoorra he met an Arab iu R room, 101 0 , , pointing to a dagger on the wall, declared that to be the weapon with which he had killed Lambert and his servant, and that he had murdered them in his hatred towards the French, and in revenge for their treatment of Shermarki, the old Somaly chief of Zeila. Whether these charges will be proved remains to be seen. At the request of the Commodore, Mr. Grey was permitted to accompany him to Jeddah , whither the French ships have gone with orders to the Pasha to furnish them with 300 Turkish troops to co-operate with the Commodore in his investiga tions, and to carry out his decision. We understood , moreover, that similar orders have been issued to all the Turkish authorities in the Red Sea directing them most peremptorily to assist the French Com modore in every possible way, and aid him in bringing to punishment the murderers of Mr. Lam" bert and all their accomplices, in the event of their being convicted of the crime alleged against them• AUSIR.LI AND HUNGA.RY. A letter from Vienna dated April 15, sayS, -- During the last three days the Moderates in the Hungarian Diet have been trying to persuade the Ultras to agree to an Address to the Sovereign in reply to the Message which was communicated to the two Houses by the Royal Commissary. Desk , Eotvos, Gorove, and Szalay, have more than once spoken in favour of an Address ; but Count II- Teleky, Nyary, Lonyay, and all the other ad vanced Liberals, maintain that there is no necessity for one. " Let the Diet," say they, " take resolu tions, and in the regular way of business communi cate them to the Crown." The members of the Lower Chamber have held none but private con• ferences since Friday last ; but it is known that the discussions relative to the Address have been ex ceedingly animated. All the members of the Lower House will insist on the restoration of the laws Of 1848, but the Moderates wish, if possible, to avoid a rupture with the Government. The Ultras, on the contrary, who aim at the separation of Hun gary from Austria, endeavour to render a com promise impossible, During the lost 24 hours I have discussed Hungarian matters with several experienced politicians—Magyars as well es Austrians—and all of them agree with me is thinking that a civil war is almost inevitable. The Austrians believe the Hungarians may be " brought to their senses" by violent measures ; but I am not of the same opinion. Extreme severity would lead to rebellion, and, if there should be a rising in Hungary, Austria would soon be attacked in Venetia, and possibly on her eastern and south-eastern frontiers. The Con servative party in Hungary exists but in name, and the Austrian Government is now well aware of the fact. For the moment Deak and Eotvos are able to make head against the Ultra-Liberals (Separatists); it is foreseen that the party of which County L. Teleky is the acknowledged leader will soon carry all before it. The Austrians say that the Emperor ought not to make any further concessions to the Hungarians, bat it would be well for all parties if the Government could manage to come to an under standing with the moderate Liberals, who still maintain that the union of Hungary and Austria is a political necessity. The more Conservative Magnates are extremely depressed, and one of them a few days ago told me that the state of things in Hungary is almost as bad as it was in 1848. He also spoke of the irresolution of the Emperor, who gives a promise to his Hungarian subjects on one day and allows himself to be persuaded to retract it on the next. Of the 300 persons returned to the Hungarian Diet 118 are men Who were in serious difficulties at the close of the war in 1849; 40 of them were either condemned to death or to prolonged imprisonment, but escaped the punishment awarded to them by crossing the frontier into Turkey. There are also twelve Honved officers and 32 Magnates in the Lower House. In the Upper House there are four persons who, for a time, were shut up in a fortress, and 15 or 16 Honved officers. It is said that lg . . Pulssky, as an Hungarian deputy, applied to Baron Vay for a " safe conduct," but that the Austrian Government refused to grant it. It is rumoured that Count L. Teleky will be called to account for breaking the promise which he gave to the Emperor. General Benedek has just issued a "Presidia] Rescript," which cannot fail to produce a great sensation in Hungary and to make the Magnates his personal enemies. The document is long, but the sense of it may be given in a conden sed form. " His Majesty," says the Commander-in-Chief of the Austrian army in Italy, „ has been pleased to give a Liberal Constitution to his subjects. As ex'. military men have right of suffrage it may be well that I should make known my opinions to them. In fact it is necessary that we soldiers should see our way clearly. " All the nationalities will have an opportunity of developing themselves, but the Reichsrath is to have the management of all those matters which concern the empire at large. Notwithstanding that so much has been given, many persons are dis contented, and would fain sow the seeds of doubt and distrust. Who is it that is opposed to the realization of the intentions of the Emperor ? Abroad, certain Governments which have an in veterate hatred to Austria, and patronize revolutions. At home, advocates and physicians who have no practice, ambitious and avaricious journalists, dis contented professors and schoolmasters. To these may be added all the petty nobles who like to hear the sound of their own voices, and a few dastard'," Magnates, who do not see that they will be lost if they do not cling firmly to the throne. Thus the per sons who agitate against the new Constitution are either traitors or a part of the intelligent mob. " Our duty, as soldiers, is to act according to the laws of honour and to obey our Sovereign. The struggle here, in Venetia, will be violent but deci sive, and it is our duty to hold firmly together, in order that the victory may be ours, The Aionarchy has to be kept together by the exertions of the army, and I confidently expect that each individual will do his duty when the day of trial comes. " Such arc my opinions and views, and I wish them to be communicated to the soldiers in their mother tongue ; but it must be well understood that the contents of this rescript are only to be known in military circles. "Head-quarters at Verona, March 27," " Feldnugmeistor BENEDEK. The publication in the Maitar Zeitung of Bene dek's ill-advised address to the army was a gross breach of confidence, and its evil consequences will speedily be seen. The Feldzeugmeister speaks Of " dastardly" Magnates, and one or other of the high-spirited Hungarian nobles will not fail to call him to account for the defamatory expression, In some of the foreign papers it has been said that the disturbances in Poland are likely to lead to a close alliance between Russia, Prussia, and Austria, but the question of an improved military organization of the German Confederation has led to a new misunderstanding between the last mentioned Powers. The Austrian general, Count Huyn has been recalled from Berlin, and the neg o 4 tiations between the Austrian and Prussian Govern ments are, for the present, broken off. Prussia is said to have endeavoured, but in vain, to obtain from Austria the privilege of alternating with her in the presidency over the Federal Diet. Another condi thin which Prussia wished to make was, that she, in use of war, should have the supreme command Of all the North German contingents to the Federal army. There is now a great ferment in Galliciat and several measures of precaution have recently been taken by the Imperial Government. The in habitants of the province have received notice that they will be severely punished if they c irry stick° with metallic ferules or knobs, and they are no t allowed to have masses read for the repose of th e souls of their fellow-countrymen who w ere slain a l ' ,. Warsaw. In the evening of the II th inst. there wa g a great tumult at Cracow, but I have not hee l that any one was wounded. Between 4,000 se d 5,000 persons knelt down in front of the Capuch in church, and began to sing " God of the Poles,'' national anthem. Towards the end of the third stanza a detachment of soldiers made its appear ance, and on seeing it the people quietly retired• The Cracow correspondent of the Netieste Nach ridden says that the loaded guns in the citadel were turned against the people, but no other writer for the press mentions the circumstance. The Em peror received the Bohemian deputation en Satur day. The Minister of State and the Minister of Finance will leave Vienna fer Prague thi 9 evening. At c dra hi Nei ly ev; Do E I\teNl Aut 13 al hav bee eh a het.: 3 ` 1 ;; NON Ant E Ind tat 4i the