The Sun. — London, England, 1861-11-01 00:00:00

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA. (From the Special Correspondent of the Times.) WASHINGTON, OCTOBER 15. Although there are some who suppose the Con federates will retire, as they are pushed, until they take up a position behind Manassas, and that they will not fight better than they did in the action of the 21st of July, there is no sound reason for believing that they will not risk another battle, or that they will not contest it with at least as much spirit. But that they have chancy of being as successful now as they were before is scarcely ad missible, judging, not from any qualities in the saen, or any accidents of generalship, but from the actual superiority in materiel, and, perhaps, in Tien, possessed by the Federalists. Let it be granted that the Confederates are unanimous, and that they are as consolidated in their identity of opinion and in their animosity to the " Yankees" as a bar of iron ; they must soften under fire if it be long and hot enough. The Northerners, who have served with Southern men, admit their gal lantry, but do not give them credit for great en durance and long-continued efforts. They are of a showy, flashy, and rather effervescent courage, which does not keep well except in bottle, and is apt to bubble away, they say, when exposed to the weather. This may be true or not of the mass of rank and file ; but the leaders have shown no lack of temper, persistence, and fixity of purpose. It is strange e noughto hear a placid but sterp Northerner admit that he was bullied at "the Academy" by the Southerner, and that at West Point and the great public schools and colleges the latter generally took the lead ; and, when you inquire into the reason, you are told that the men of the South wer e generally "fiercer" and more overbear ing than natives of the Northern and Western States—more hot-tempered and domineering, so that contradiction or opposition of any sort chafed and irritated them into quarrels, and in order to avoid such unpleasantness they had their own way. They were, after a manner, spoilt children of the Union. The Northerners were actually proud of producing such fine gentlemen, and even yet there is a sort of sneaking regard for the elegant and accomplished men reared in the midst of the Slave States and educated in the North amid influ ences which led them to think they were really better than those around them. It may readily be imagined how these young gentlemen, full of warm blood and pride, despising labour and all base mechanical arts, lorded it over the hardworking, plodding off spring of manufacturers, commercial men, and traders who were studying by their sides. Cradled among slaves, growing up in the exercise of com mand, engaging in the sports of the field early in boyhood, they became imperious, self-reliant, and haughty, and entered upon manhood bold horsemen, good shots, quick-eyed and strong-nerved, amid the youth of the Northern cities, who were their fellow students without being their equals, or even their associates, and for whom, as their inferiors in those particulars, they entertained feelings not far re removed from pure disdain. But the Northern men ran up alongside them in the after race in life, and, although it is probable the Volunteers are not supe rior, they are surely equal to the Southern levies. The Departments were startled to-day by the report that a Confederate flotilla had attacked the blockading squadron off Ship Island, at the exit of the Mississippi into the Delta, and had destroyed the:Prebble, 16, and Vincennes, 20, sloops of war ; but though there is no means of denying the report there are grounds for thinking it is exaggerated. It is quite certain that there is a battery of six 9-inch guns on the island, which it would be difficult for such a flotilla as was likely to be fitted oat in New Orleans to deal with successfully. There is no use in speculation when a few days will settle the matter —but it is probable that an expedition down the river, under Captain Hollins, of the Confede rate (late of the United States' navy, and serving on board the Susquehanna), did force the feeble squa dron, which consisted of the two vessels named above, one of which is 35 and the other 24 years old, a small steamer, and some transports, to retreat under the battery, or to run in among the mud fiats. It is evident that the Confederates did not gain a complete success, or they would not have retired till they had possession of the ships or had burnt them. His old comrades are inclined to think that Captain Hollins has been indulging in a little gasconade, to which he is said by them to be much addicted. If the despatch be genuine, however, it is not likely he would render himself ridiculous by statements which could be disproved so easily. As long as the exit is in possession of the Federalists, and is pro tected by batteries, such exploits, however daring and however mischievous to the enemy, will effect little service in opening the great river or in raising the blockade. It is surprising the Government did not seize upon and fortify the post long ago, and hold it with a force able to resist any mere razzia like attacks or sudden raids. The rumour has caused some agitation at all events, and in its earlier phase was very alarming, for it amounted to the destruc tion of the blockading force and the actual opening of the Mississippi for the time. The steam ram which was used in the operation was being built at New Orleans, or rather at Algiers, on the opposite side of the river, when I was there, but I heard it was a failure for want of steam power. It was a . tortoise-shaped vessel made of iron, and armed with heavy guns just peering above the water, and was provided with apparatus for blowing steam and hot water over any boarding parties who attempted to gain the arched deck, beneath which the crew were placed in comparative security. There has been no event of any consequence at the south side of the Potomac beyond some desul tory shell firing of the outposts of Porter's division against the Confederate pickets near Falls Church, by which they succeeded in setting fire to a farm house. The positions have been advanced a little on the right, and consolidated and connected by the movement of different battalions, and the Federalists are gradually getting into a solid line of occupation from the right, resting on the river above and behind Lewinsville, to the left below Alexandria, forming a complete sweep round %Vashington, with a chain of forts, abattis, para pets, and earthworks, supported by strong divisions behind them. At night there was heavy Bring down the river. The Seminole, a screw war steamer of the third class (800 tons), having been fitted out at the Navy yard, was proceeding down the stream to join her consor is in the naval expe ditionary force when she was fired on by a Confe derate battery some miles below Alexandria. The enemy thought, probably, that it was the Pawnee, laden with marines, among which they might have hoped to do much damage, and they therefore opened from a battery in a place where no trace of any work had been seen or suspected. A long ride to OCTOBER 16. - d n a lalong the front from Arling ton by Munson's at , G and round by Ball's Cross yof interest to roads to the Perry me with matter failed to furnish European. readers. we e mi t a () people here All the details of camp picket skirmishing which naturally excite n in their own country, undergoing the horror s of war and with its scenes brought home to their doors, would would fall fiat and stale on the ears of those who pmpiaher are eithe r ie r s i curio sit only , looking on from afar with philosoh e at speculative indifference,lor with a y aro used by the greater movements and events on which the fate of the struggle and the grand prin ciples it involves depend. Gen. M'Dowell was in front of his tent at Arlington, for he prefers the canvass to the mansion, philosophising, too, under the shade of the fine old trees, while his wife, who had come out from the city to spend a day with her husband, sat knitting inside. Perhaps the world will not care much about that either, but the name of the General who commanded at Bull's Run, and who deserved a better fate than to have it asso slated with defeat, is historical for ever, and at all times the steadfast endurance, of misfortune has been considered worthy of the respect of higher beings than man. The zeal and warmth with which M'Dowell assists the young friend and former com rade who has been placed over his head mark the generous nature of the officer who, in rising above a justifiable military jealousy, has achieved a rare 'llq.ae r st the innate ve over a soldier's nature and o v er tall ts t 00 3ealc es of his profession. I have 144 u% that th.o General will justify every expectation which may have been formed of him by his friends when the next battle is to be fought. Here he is now with 12 regiments under him. A few weeks ago he commanded " the Grand Army of the Poto mac ; " his name was on every tongue; a chorus of adulation and praise went up all over the land in his honour. Such is the steady appreciation of the present and the disregard of the past which mark the Republican mind. But let him get a corps, as it is said he will, and obtain some independent suc cess, and he will tap that ready fountain which flows beside the waters of Lethe, and will be covered with its pleasant but frothy showers. As the General is talking there appears through the trees a group of officers more like the military men of Europe in dress and mien than the bulk of volunteers. There is the French kepi, gold lace banded, cocked up as to the peak, the neat tight tunic buttoned up, the short hair, trimmed moustache, the long riding boot, bits and spurs and housings clean and bright. The visitors are General Blenker and Prince of Salm- Salm, and others of his Staff—all Germans, with a little army of Germans to themselyes, for Blenker's corps outside, though it is a sort of Legion Etran gere, is composed principally of people from Deutsch land, of whom some 60,000 have taken up arms for the United States. After a time they depart, and I continue on my way and see in secluded dells vari ous gallant Blenkerites engaged in the consumption of lager beer, or in the demolition of farm-houses, for they are rather inclined to treat an enemy as an enemy, and spoil the Philistines when they can. There was a little pottering of musketry now and then, but on the whole the day was quiet here. OCTOBER 17. There are grounds for supposing the Confederates are holding on very lightly to their advanced posts, notwithstanding reports of skirmishes in front. According to the best information, there is no con siderable force about Winchester or Leesburg, and the corps scattered about there, though reinforced to-day, are rather in an attitude of insecurity, and will probably concentrate and march off as soon as an advance of the right takes place. General Banks was in town to-day, very possibly to confer with the Generals on the plan of the campaign, for though not a soldier by profession, he has evinced such a remarkable vigour and soundness of judgment that he has established a position for himself which can not be overlooked. There are little points of diffe rence to be adjusted before any uniform plans can be adopted. General Scott is still Commander-in- Chief, and his views do not always coincide with those of the young Major-General commanding the army of the Potomac. As I mention the veteran's name, I am reminded that I appear to have done him some injustice in reference to the order which he published to the army on the issue of paper money, on which he congratulated himself, as I un derstood, on being able to announce to the troops that they could draw notes instead of gold. What General Scott said was that they could draw those notes as well as gold if they pleased, and he pointed out the advantages of the paper as a medium of re mittances. I make the correction very readily, for I would not willingly be found among the number of those who cast disparagement on one so eminent for past services, high character, great courtliness of manner, and kindness of heart. It may readily be imagined that the acts of the junior who has leaped so rapidly to command are not always approved by the nominal chief, and that the limits of respective authority are narrowly watched. The uncertainty which prevails as to the uncertainty of the enemy causes a multitude of plans to be ventilated. Wash ington is so well covered with works that 40,000 men ought to suffice for its protection. "What, then, is the use of all the men who are around it?" "Give us something for our money." "Make a move." "Save Kentucky." "Rescue Missouri." " Send men into the West." "We have every confidence in M'Clellan, but we would like him to make a sign'' —such are the voices from New York, working heart and soul for the Union, which happens also to include New York. The subscription to the na tional loan is progressing at an extraordinary rate. Trade is reviving. Money is pouring in. Spite of the New Orleans story, confidence and hope are firm. It is probable Gen. M'Clellan will soon move out his head quarters to Arlington House, and then the expectations of the capitalists will have some thing to rest upon. Washington and its vicinity is a depot from which stores may be drawn as long as the river is open and railways work; but then you will see that the Confederates have opened bat teries above Acquia Creek, and have fired on the men-of-war going down from the Navy-yard. The Seminole is a 3 gun screw steamer of 800 tons; the Pocahontas is a screw of less than 700 tons, with five guns ; the Pawnee, of 1,300 tons, carries six guns. All these were fired on the night before last by bad artillerymen, who struck them several times, but did no damage. Still, it is a significant sign. The Navy are rather glad of it, for they say they have been preaching till they are hoarse about the necessity of sending a military force to occupy the points where these batteries now are. What is the use of firing at sand banks or the river shores ? There are 36,000 horses and mules here to be fed, and five times as many men, not to count the ordi nary population swollen by contractors, and jobbers and job hunters. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, so long in the hands of the Confederates, is to be repaired and reopened. But little can be expected from Western Virginia. Indeed, so exhausted is the Valley of the Kanawha by the tramp of ma rauding columns and inexhaustible advances and retreats, that Floyd on the one side, and Rosencranz on the other, have fallen back and left the valley to its tears. May not this process be but a precursor of what will take place on a larger scale down South when the big armies move ? The Federal Governor elected at Wheeling is issuing proclama tions headed " Commonwealth of Virginia," fixing the fourth Thursday in October for the election of representatives to Congress in those districts which " failed to elect, by reason of armed men in rebellion against the Constitution and laws of the United States." It will require something more than that process to restore Virginia to the Union. Recent English visitors to the South say the anti-Union feeling in the State is strong and unanimous, and that there is no sign of distress in many counties which have been occupied, but it is unquestionable that supplies cannot be drawn indefinitely from a country which, rich enough, was by no means well cultivated. Sir James Ferguson, who was accused of being a spy and of carrying despatches from Lord Palmerston—two such names mingled !—to Mr. Jefferson Davis, was injudicious enough to ad dress himself to the source of the calumny, and meets with the treatment an Englishman and a gentleman is certain to receive in that quarter, as we see to-night. Refuse an invitation to dingier, as I did on arriving in New York, and you may know what to expect. But would not starvation in com pany with an honest man be better than the ill gotten luxury and nasty companionship of such a foul knave ? The worst of it is that, like a bloated and rotting carcass on the surface of a stream, the thing shows how the current flows and the tide sets. And so there is an incessant abuse of Eng land and Englishmen. It is true that Americans often blush as they read. To leave so unpleasant a subject, let me say that Mr. Mare has sent in an explanation of the circumstances which excited Mr. Seward's displeasure that will no doubt be quite satisfactory. There was a skirmish at Harper's Ferry yesterday, and the newsboys are calling out " Another great battle !" torrents. The rain is falling in gi,v,e the Oz et T a o i tEß of lB t . he "Battle at Harper The m orn i ng pa ve.rthon Bolivar Heights, on Wednesday. Col. ,a p;rs Geary's force across men t he'. Ferry " consisting of 450 attacked by 2,500 infantry's" three guns, was and 500 cavalr y seven guns. The fight l as t e d eight hou rs . with Colonel Geary lost four killed, nine wounded, one missin g; l) killed 150 Confederates and took three ri sone rs, and one 32-pounder, the latt er b y a bayonet charge, described as being "terrifically magnificent." There was a tremendous cannonade from flank and front, and well directed attacks of infantry and cavalry ; but impetuous bayo net charges repulsed the enemy, and the gun was taken and retaken in the same manner. There are accounts of several affairs in Missouri and e l sew h ere . One of them ie rather remarkable THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 1, 1861. from the fact that an. officer had 32 bullet-holes through his clothes and none in his body. But there is no greater probability of an encounter be tween Fremont and Price than there was last week, if it be true that the latter has arrived, with his re treating army, at Osage. As soon as this letter has been posted I shall endeavour to ascertain how far the reports which have come in that the whole of the Confederate line has been withdrawn to wards Manassas are correct.. It is doubtful, ac cording to these statements, whether Fairfax Cour thouse is occupied by any force at all. Should a reconnaissance verify the fact, the Federalists will advance and occuidy the ground. But what if all this time General. Beauregard has been preparing New combinations which he has concealed by a false advance ? The occupation of Munson's Hill and of the forward line may have been intended as a screen to more important demonstrations in other quarters, and we hear of considerable masses of the Confe derates being seen near Occognan Creek, and down the right bank of the Potomac. You will remem ber all along it was a favourite theory of mine that the Confederates would endeavour to close the river, and to secure such a command of it that they could pour a corps into Maryland whenever they pleased. They have so far developed their batteries that ships I of war run the gauntlet under fire, and the usual flotilla of small craft which were wont to ply on the busy waters, is arrested below the newly-opened batteries. The stoppage of water supplies will in convenience - Washington and the great host around it exceedingly, and the authorities must make some attempt to destroy those works. Fuel, wood, eat ables of all kinds, and a very large traffic in neces saries were carried on by fleets of pretty little white canvassed schooners, which are now afraid to come up, and are accumulating in swarms in the lower bends of the stream. The single line of railway which runs into Washington scarcely suffices to carry the soldiery and passengers, well managed as it is, and is utterly inadequate to convey the provi sions which would required if the river navigation were interrupted. Indeed, the more northern lines, of which this railroad is a branch, have been obliged to announce that they will not take freight, owing to the enormous passenger and light traffic. The movement on Occognan, and on the right towards the river, may be meant to meet an expected demonstration from the expedition which is to sail to-day from Annapolis, and it may be a part of a general retirement to the line of the upper Rappahannock River, in rear of the position at Manassas. There is an opinion that the Confederates will not again fight at Bull's Run ; but it is not easy for us here to see what they can gain by retiring, unless they hope to have a better chance of utilising their expected victory in a long pursuit. There is much talk about " drawing on" the army on each side to attack, but with such great masses of men the process is neither easy nor apt to be successful. The railroad from Acquia Creek runs through Fredericksburg, on the Rappa hannock, to Richmond, and is joined some 30 miles south of Fredericksburg by the Central Virginia Railroad, whieh runs nearly parallel to the course of the river, north-west and south-east from the Oran and Alexandria Railroad, the same that passes through Manassas. There is thus formed a rude sort of parallelogram, enclosed by railroads on the east or left, west or right, and south or rear, and by a river on the north, the west being further guarded by the Blue Ridge chain, and the right resting on the river itself at the railroad. There would be a greater danger to Maryland than ever if such a movement were effected, but it would at the same time give immense relief to M'Clellan, and enable him to debouch his columns into the plains compa ratively open, which lie beyond Manassas. Unless a blow is meditated or some severe pressure is felt by the Confederates, it appears, nevertheless, a use less abandonment of a fine defensive position to re tire from Manassas, and I am inclined to believe they will be found there in force as soon as the Federalists begin to feel for them. These naval ex peditions must cause great uneasiness, for no one can tell where they are going, and it is but natural that the Confederates should strengthen their right flank, to which they have invited attention and attack, by endeavouring to close the river. The Federalists naturally suppose greater mischief is intended, and are despatching regulars and consider able reinforcements to Perryville, and other places, in Maryland. The Southern States are preparing for invasion—a sea-coast descent—to the best of theirability. The States' Militia, the Home Guards, are all in a condition of watchfulness. The people of Geergia are very uneasy about the position of Savannah, and, as Brunswick, on their coast, is named as a probable point of debarkation for a portion of the force, General Lawton is taking steps to guard it, as well as other places. This alarm gives a fine leverage to the authorities over all people, and there are already ominous hints about " lists of black sheep and renegades," who for reeusancy can be placed in the terrible position of being " suspected of being unsound in their alle giance to the Confederacy." That, at least, may mean sequestration of property. Thus things run their course. Confiscation at the North begets se questration at the South. The Government of Rich mond is resolved that, if the Yankees get a cotton port, they shall get no cotton. The planters are re quested to send none of that clarissima causa belli to the seaboard, and in some instances bales which had been sent to market from the plantations have been sent back at the owners' expense by the Pro vost-Marshals. There is reason to think that seques tration of all Northern property will be followed by confiscation of Northern debts in the South. It must not, however, be supposed for a moment that the Confederate authorities intend to alienate the property altogether. Receivers are appointed, ac counts kept, and everything needful done properly and in form. This is a comfort to the owners, who, nevertheless, may not'appreciate this result of the policy of the Government of Washington. The con fiscation of Southern property led to evasion and subterfuge at New York. The bankers disobeyed the orders and fulfilled their trust. Some few ves sels were seized, indeed, but stocks were sold out and the proceeds remitted to England. Exchange rose, and finally the Government backed out of the work which they could but imperfectly accomplish. The history of the world cannot point out two countries more divided now than North and South —two Governments, two nations, two policies. Is it possible that the broken vase can ever be re stored? Thousands of able men think it can. They have faith in blood-cement. This secession is but a disease in the body politic, skin-deep. A little caustic, and up grows the sound flesh and all is healed. Mr. Seward has invited Lord Lyons to go round the camps to-day to inspect the doctors who are to work at this great cure, and he has already exhibited them to the foreign Ministers, for the Secretary of State does not forget that he was once a colonel of militia, and the assiduous atten dant on drills and parades in time gone by. It is a strange reflection that the apparatus of martial armour on which the Great Republic prided itself should be used for the first time in all its strength against no foreign enemy, but in a fierce intestine struggle to support a house divided against itself. Is it not divided ? See the Philadelphia elections, —the Democrats triumphant, and the anti-Lin colnites put in office. If the winter closes without a victory, and the taxes are collected next spring to the sound of distant battle, all that we have as yet seen will be a feeble warning of the wrath to come. The financial letters from Paris again indicate beve loan d tom uheeh great, d ul l n and ess. it The h is e thereforewants assumed Treasury that are cannot be long delayed, although of course every eff or t a new believed will be made to avoid coming upon the market until some restoration of tone shall have taken place. The increased heaviness of the funds is partly attributed to the belief that, owing to the late sales of the Bank of France, the amount of stock to be delivered during the liquidation which has now commenced will prove extremely large. [ADvm n . rism 3 LENT.]—Holloway's Pills.— Combination of invalidstomach. i s and incorporated liver, asvwell he l i in s ethesemight citadelsl vadt rust o r f a h l pills. f e teoalat h. 0 p.wgTe When e e n y Excellence.--Every virtue demanded by the most exciting rid the system of all corrupt humours, and regulate the function is disordered, it is a vain delusion to trust to its righting itself ; setting itself going. nolloway's Pil completely from both the cause mid effecrteefttlie od t: s: mo f st well marked, and certain advances. By an o l e seas-e on li s a a n e d watch anw ilyl Purifying Pills, the e c as ona l titntion judicious course . of these may bo fortified against the approach of disease, and both b o dy and mind PAIAt4IIIOd zu the biglawit Ingtb, THE PUBLIC HEALTH. (From the Quarterly Return of the Registrar General.) This return comprises the births and deaths regis tered by 2,199 registrars in all the districts of Eng land during the summer quarter that ended Sept. 30, 1861 ; and the marriages in 12,509 churches or chapels, about 4,488 registered places of worship unconnected with the Established Church, and 635 superintendent registrars' offices, in the quarter that ended June 30, 1861. Marriages were comparatively few in the first quarter of this year ; they became more numerous in the second quarter, which, indeed, happens in variably in England; but still they did not quite attain the average for the June quarter ; the children born in the September quarter decidedly exceeded the number which the average birth-rate for the same period would have produced ; while the rate of mortality in the same three months, though it differed little from, was not so high as the average rate for that season, which is the healthiest of the year. This statement exhibits the most prominent features of the return. The population of England, from whose daily history the above results are evolved, may be stated to have been last April 20,062,612. This number is subject to some modification, which may be neces sary after further revision of the facts. The rate of increase in the last decennium was 12 per cent. MARRIAGES. The number of persons married in the spring quarter was 83,932. The marriage rate was 168 to 10,000 of the population, which is less by 2 than the average, and less by 8 than the annual number married in the same quarter of last year, when, as is shown by the Returns of the Poor Law Board, the labouring class were in a more thriving condition. By surveying the 11 great divisions of England, as these are constituted in the tables, and with reference to their several contribu tions to the marriage-list, this result will be dis covered—that there was a decrease of marriages last spring as compared with the same period of 1860 in all of these divisions except two. The south-eastern counties, especially Surrey, main tained a fair proportion ; and in the northern coun ties there was a very manifest increase. Durham, Sunderland, Gateshead, Tynemouth, and Carlisle were in a prosperous condition, if, as may be pre sumed, a willingness in the unmarried to form the marriage relation, and a confidence in their ability to undertake its responsibilities, be the test of pros perity in England. beneath, the permanent reduction of diarrhoea will be, it may be hoped, among the good results that will be gained ; but that improvement " at home," which is so much needed by the poor, increased comfort in their dwellings and order in their habits, better food and purer drink, will probably be still more effectual in abating that disease by which so much infant life is yearly destroyed. Among public sanitary undertakings by which periodical outbreaks of diarrhoea and other diseases are to be met there is none of more hopeful charac ter than the introduction into towns of water pure and ample. An eminent statesman, to whom muni cipal institutions are greatly indebted, has declared that the erection of public drinking-fountains should engage the attention of municipalities and other re presentative bodies,which have the power of levying the local rates. It must be still more an object of concern to establish its circulation within the houses of all classes of the community. And, if the purity of Loch Katrine cannot be attained, it is still pos sible by improved mechanical means to reduce the contrast, far too palpable as it exists at present, between much of the water supplied to towns and that of the model Highland reservoir. An increase of deaths in Strood (Kent) was due to dysentery and scarlatina; and the Registrar re marks that "in a district having a largo marsh surface there will always be an autumnal dysentery, especially when the season is warm and dry, as the last quarter was in a remarkable degree. Diarrhoea is reported as having been prevalent and fatal in Manchester, Salford, Liverpool, Shef field, York, Yarmouth, Norwich, and many parts of both town and country. Of 292 deaths in the Deansgate sub-district of Manchester, 73 were caused by infantile diarrhoea. Some observations on the subject by Mr. Leigh will be found in their place in the Registrar's notes. Of 254 deaths in the subdistrict of Regent's-road, Salford, 61 were from diarrhoea. In West Wymer, Norwich, the same complaint was fatal in 50 cases in a total num ber of 177 recorded ; at Deritend, in Warwickshire, in 59 cases out of 187. Low typhoid fever is very prevalent at Steyning, in Sussex, where in consequence of bad drainage it is believed to cling with greater tenacity. The total deaths in Brighton were 427 against 342 in the same quarter of 1860. Fever prevails in the more more crowded parts of the town of Buckingham, where drainage and ventilation are stated to bevery imperfect. At Worcester, where there has been a great deal of typhoid fever, almost every case has been accompanied by " pustular eruptiou or ulcera tion of the throat, which sometimes became almost• diphtheritic." Typhus carried off a man, his three adult sons, and his granddaughter, who occupied two houses at Snitterfield (Stratford-on-Avon). It was very prevalent, though not very fatal, at Yeadon in the West Riding of Yorkshire. Of 29 deaths at Somersham (St. Ives) 9 were caused by diphtheria; and of 31 at Ixworth, in Suffolk, there were also 9 (in Great Livermore parish) from the same disease. It was fatal in 7 cases in Holt, Norfolk. Five deaths, all in one family, occurred from it at Burnham, in the same county ; and in the neighbouring sub-district of Snettisham " a malignant form of sore throat is very prevalent, of which more than 30 cases (6 fatal) occurred in the parish of Hunstanton. Diphtheria raised the mortality at Loddon and Diss. It was fatal in 6 cases at Ellesmere. It prevailed greatly at Leake in Leicestershire, and caused 5 deaths out of 26 at Holt in North Wales. _ The registrar of Dale-street sub-district, Liverpool, complains both of its moral and sanitary condition ; and draws attention to the following comparison, which is sufficiently striking :—ln his own sub-district, containing a population of 28,698 persons, there were 266 births and 236 deaths in the quarter. In the sub-district of West Derby, with a population of 53,000, there were 497 births and only 208 deaths. The registrar of the more favoured locality partly explains the cause of so groat a difference ; he writes—" There have not been so few deaths (in West Derby) in any quarter since that ending June 30, 1856, though the population is now from 12,000 to 14,009 more than at that pe riod, which proves that the inhabitants are in an unusually healthy state, owing in a great degree to the great care taken by the authorities of Liverpool in cleansing the streets, sewers, and courts." It may be inquired whether the same watchful and beneficent care is not extended by the Liverpool authorities to the Dale-street district, where it is stated that ashpits are an abounding nuisance. The authorities in charge of this locality will not plead the want of successful example as an excuse. The report from Salisbury is as cheerful as that of West Derby ; it runs as follows:—" The deaths are much below the average, which can only be accounted for by reference to the sanitary measures that have been adopted within the last few years. The city is thoroughly drained, running streams in every street called canals are covered over, and a supply of better water is obtained. The beneficial effects of these measures are now beginning to be felt." AN IRISH WAKE AND ITS CONSE- Q UENCES. Yesterday morning an indescribable scene of up roar occurred on the banks of the Serpentine, in Hyde-park, amongst a considerable number of Irish people, who had congregated for the purpose of searching for the body of a young married Irish woman, who had committed self-destruction by throwing herself into the water, through a quarrel with her husband the previous night, said to be the effects of an Irish wake, in which they had taken part during Tuesday night and following morning. It appears, from the statement of friends of the de ceased, whose name is Ellen Crawley, aged 23, living at 2, Prince of Wales-yard, Exeter-street, Chelsea, that she, with her husband, buried his mother on Tuesday. The usual wake was celebrated through the night, during which time the deceased drank with some young men, and chatted too freely to please her husband, who became very jealous, and after their return home, between nine and ten on Wednesday evening, a quarrel ensued, and the husband pushed her out of the house. The de ceased then, in a fit of violent passion, declared her intention to drown herself in the Serpentine, and ran away, pursued by her husband and others. The young woman must have reached the park just before the gates were closed for the night, and instantly precipitated herself into the water, without scarcely time for reflection, as very stortly afterwards her pursuers arrived, and finding the gates shut climbed over the railings, and she was nowhere to be seen. Early yesterday morning the husband instituted a search along the banks of the Serpentine, followed by a number of his countrymen and women. On arriving at the south eastern end they discovered a dark object in the water, and believing it to be the body of the hap less woman, two boatmen of the Royal Humane Society proceeded in a boat to the spot, where they picked up the body, and conveyed it with all speed to the receiving-house, followed by the crowd, which, from the howling and other noises of lamentation, soon became much increased. Mr. Superintendent Williams immediately sent for the society's medical officer, but it was totally useless, as she had evidently been in the water since the preceding night. Upon her person was found £l2 in gold, very carefully sewn up in a blue flannel petticoat. The body awaits the coroner's inquisition. BIRTHS. There were 171,500 children born in the summer quarter (ending September the 30th). In the sum mer of 1860 the number was 164,062. The annual birth-rate derived from ten summers is 328 for 10,000 of the population ; in the last quarter it was 338. Comparing the two quarters of 1860-61, and viewing the numbers absolutely and without refer ence to the increase of population, it appears that there was an increase of births in all the 11 divi sions, except that of Monmouthshire and Wales ; for as regards this last department of the country, in which 10,686 births were registered, a difference amounting to only 16 is hardly important enough to be called an increase. But this divisioß would have furnished no exception to the rule of increase, if the character of its returns in their aggregate were not unfavourably affected by Merthyr Tydfil, Bridgend, Swansea, Newcastle-in- Emlyn, and Crickhowell, in South Wales, in which parts a decrease has occurred both in mar riages and births, chiefly perhaps in consequence of the migration of persons connected with the indus trial operations of those districts. Liverpool, with a population of 269,733, produced 2,154 births, while Manchester, with a less popula tion (243,615), returned 2,277. In London the births in the quarter were 23,126; in Lancashire they were 23,055. INCREASE OF POPULATION. The natural increase of population is the excess of births over deaths in a given time. This excess was 70,514 in the quarter, or an average of 766 in a day. The natural growth is weakened or strengthened by migration. Last quarter 19,892 persons left ports in the United Kingdom, at which there are Government emigration officers. Of these, 6,348 went to the United States, 4,930 to the North American colo nies, 7,100 to the Australian colonies, 1,514 to other places. Of the total number of emigrants 8,942 were of English origin, and of these a large pro portion chose the Australian colonies. The Scotch preferred the North American colonies to the United States. In the summer quarter of 1851 the total number of emigrants from the United Kingdom to the United States was 68,931; in that of last year it was 21,104 ; and in the present year the number for the quarter declined to 6,348. British North America has received a certain number of those who would have preferred the United States in a more peaceful time; but a great majority have decided to remain at home. PRICES, THE WEATHER, AND PAUPERISM. The average price of Consols in the quarter fell to 947. The average price of wheat per quarter was 525. ld., which is less by 7s. than it was in the same quarter of last year, but higher by Bs. than in that of 1859. Both beef and mutton are cheaper than they were at the same time last year. The average price of the best potatoes has fallen in the same periods from 1355. per ton to 975. 6d. The meteorological character of last summer was so far different from that of the summer which pre ceded it that its mean temperature at Greenwich was GOA deg., having been higher by 4'2 deg. Till Aug. 3 the temperature of the air was generally rather below the average ; warm weather set in on the 4th, and continued 39 days ; from Sept. 12 till Sept. 27, the weather for the most part was cold. On Aug. 12 the mean temperature was 72.9 deg., nearly 12 deg. in excess of the average, and higher by 10 deg. than the highest temperature in 1880. On the same day the thermometer in the shade rose to 89.5 deg., or 13 deg. higher than the highest point in 180, which was 76.5 deg. on the 23d May. The temperature of the last day of September was remarkable; the mean was 61.5 deg., and the highest 74 deg. ; and going back as far as 1814, this is the only instance in which the mean temperature of the 30th September reached 60 deg. Hardly more than half an inch of rain fell in August ; the total fall in the three months was 41 in., which is 3 : 1- in. below the average of 46 summers. In July the weather was unsettled all over England; in the other months it was very fine, with little rain in some parts, but unsettled with much rain in others. For these and other interesting fact stated in greater detail, Mr. Glaisher's report, which is subjoined, may be con sulted. _ _ The registrar of Poulton•le-Fylde, in Lancashire, mentions that the crop in his district was nearly an average, and had been secured in excellent condi tion. The registrar of Pudsey (Bradford) attributes the health of his district to fine weather and whole: some food "at a moderate price." The registrar of Northallerton states that the season has been very got in; and the report f f a ro v m our c ab h l e e s , te a r n - d le t -s h t e re c e r t o , ps in well Durham, is that the produce is abundant and gath ere d " in p r i me con dition." The registrar of Kington, in South Wales, says :—" Weather unusually warm, and harvest completed in excellent order ; the crops light, but of good quality." At Bettws-y-Coed, in North Wales, the weather was very wet in July, but the two other months " rather fine ;" but in West Ward, Westmoreland, "since the middle of July the weather has been extremely wet and changeable." The returns of pauperism: which were heavy in the early part of the year, continued heavier in the summer quarter than they were in the same period of last year. STATE OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH. The number of deaths reg — fsteied in the 3 months was 100,986, considerably more than in the same quarter of 1860, which was 86,423, but less than in that of 1859. And over England the fluctuation in the deaths was generally similar to that which is shown in the aggregate number. The annual rate of mortality did not rise quite to the average : for the former was 199 in 10,000 of the population, the latter is 202. In the cold September quarter of 1860 the rate was 171. The mortality in the country and small towns was 178, whereas that of the large towns was 221. The respective average rates are 176 and 235: whence it appears that in an equal number of the population (10,000) there were 43 deaths more in towns than in country ; hut the health of the former was better last quarter, relatively to their own former experience, than that of the latter, for the mortality among the rural population slightly ex ceeded its average. The town and country rates of mortality in the summer of 1860 were respectively 184 and 159. That season differed from the summer which has just passed chiefly in this respect, that it was much colder, and consequently diarrhcea prevailed much less than it has recently done. In 10,000 persons the excess of deaths this year over those of 1860 was 37 in towns and 19 in the country. Other causes besides diarrhoea affect in various ways the results; but the facts are sufficient to show that this com plaint (rules with a more deadly effect where "houses thick and sewers annoy the air." It de serves to be noticed that the annaul deaths from diarrhcea in London ranged from 452 to 841 in the years 1840 5; they suddenly mounted to 2,152 in 1846 ; they continued high during the whole period 1847-59, which embraced two cholera epidemics ; they were 3,335 in 1859, which is more than a sixth part of the deaths from diarrhcea that year in Eng land. They fell to 1,383 in 1860. When an effi cient system of drainage has come into operation in London and the large towns, and other sanitary works hgvire sweetened the air eboye and the earth FRENCH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. The piercing of glass by electrical sparks is no novelty, and is frequently had recourse to in laboratories, when a hole through a receiver or other glass utensil is required ; but there has been hitherto no instance of such an opera tion being performed on a plate of glass two inches thick and upwards. The Academy was therefore somewhat sur prised the other day when M. Faye produced two plates, or rather lumps of glass, one of the thickness of 4i centimetres, the other of 6, pierced through and through by the induc tion spark of Ruhmkorff's large machine. M. Faye observed that the trace left by the spark consisted of an opaque white thread, along which cracks, two or three millimetres in length, were perceived spirally situated under different azi muths. There was no trace of fusion. A bifurcation is per ceived in the thread at the depth of about one-third of the thickness of the large plate, and as it approaches the oppo site side it is subdivided into several thinner threads. During the experiment M. Ruhmkorff had remarked Haidinger's coloured tassels, showing that a powerful pressure was being exercised by the spark on the sur face of the glass. M. Faye concluded by expressing a belief that artificial fulgarites, such as natural lightning leaves in sand, might be produced by that powerful machine. At the sitting a communication was read from M. Valz, in reply to M. Faye's contradiction of the for mer's supposition that the earth had passed through the last comet's tail. M. Valz admits that there exists very little reliable inforreation regarding the position of comets' tails, but contends that for that very reason it cannot be asserted that they always lie entirely in the plane of the orbit. One of his remarks is curious. It has been believed that comets' tails were flat, and extended in the plane of the orbit; but this, M. Valz contends, could not be the case with the last comet, because, since it so happened that the earth was for a short time in the same plane with it, we should have seen the tail edgewise, and therefore very thin, which did not prove to be the case. M. Serret read a long report on a dispute which has been for some tire going on between the eminent geometrician M. Chasles and M. Breton, of Champ, regarding the right of priorityl, claimed by tho latter touching the discovery of .Euc . d s Porisms, obscurely hinted at by P a pp us, and partially y re stored by Simson. The report decides the quest ion b y declaring that what is not Simson's belongs to M. Chasles, who had announced the basis of his Work wool yearn before Prota,'P SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. NEWMARKET HOUGHTON MEETING THURSDAY. The attention of the betting world having been called to the Nurseries for Friday, and two or three animals backed during the morning, a movement was made to the heath at half-past 11, where the attendance showed a diminution, since the great event and its subsoluent settling had been disposed of. The weather was fine, and the card, with 11 items and large entries upon its face, promised great sport for the day. The racing, which w. as chiefly composed of handicaps, and not particularly interesting, was very good throughout the afternoon. Several events were decided by a head only, nearly all being closely contested; but the wonder of the day was the performance of Nutbush, who carried the crushing weight of lOst 41b, and won easily, giving 361 b to the second, and 3st to the favourite, Ant werp. Towards 3 o'clock the weather became very cold, and at half .past 4 the business of the day came to an end. At exercise on the Limekilns in the morning Mr. Nay lor's mar© Calpe broke her leg in Waling, and was imme diately destroyed. Subscription Handicap Plate of 50 sovs ; for threo-yr-olds and upwards. D.I. Mr. Saxon's Roesia, 4 yrs, 7st (Midgley) 1 Mr. G. Bryan's Stanton, 3 yrs, Est 121 b (J. Daley) 2 Mr. Hawkesley's Zodiac, 3 yrs, Tat 131 b.. (G Fordham) 3 The following also ran :—Bev!s, Lucknow, Finland°, Moorhen, The Prophet, Pardalote, Mutineer, and Irene., Betting-5 to 1 each agst Roesia and Zodiac, and 6to 1 each agst Moorhen, Stanton, and Mutineer. Immediately the flag fell Pardalote jumped off, but was directly got round, and after running a few strides she ran through her horses, and came on with a commanding lead, followed by Bevis, Roesia, and Mutineer, the others, headed by Moorhen, Zodiac, Stanton, and The Prophet, lying se veral lengths away. In this order they crossed the flat to the turn of the lands, where Pardalote began to come back to her horses, the rearmost horses at the same time draw ing forward. Halfway between the Duke's :Stand and the cords J. Osborne's filly was disposed of, and Roesia on the lower side came on with a slight lead, closely followed by the Moorhen, Zodiac, and Stanton in the centre, and The Prophet on the upper ground. A fine race home ensued between the lot, which ran in a line to within a few strides of the chair, where Midgley brought out Roesia, who won cleverly by a length and a half, Stanton beating Zodiac by half a length for second ; Moorhen was a good fourth, Ths Prophet fifth, and Bevis next. Free Handicap Sweepstakes of 100 toys each, h ft, for three yr-olds ; winners extra. A.F. 9 subs. Lord Zetland's Carbineer, 7st Slb (Challoner) 1 Duke of Beaufort's The Roe, 7st 41b (J. Adams) 2 Betting 11 to 8 on The Roe. The pair jumped away together, the favourite, if any thing, having the lead, which she held into the Abingdon mile-bottom, where Carbineer headed her and won, after a fine race home, by a neck. Free Handicap Sweepstakes of 30 soya each, 20 ft. A win ner of a handicap after the weights were published (Oct. 24. at 10 a.m.) to carry 71b extra. T.Y.C. 11 subs. Lord Stamford's Lava, 3 yrs, 7st (Roper) 1 Mr. Elton's Gauntlet, 3 yrs, 6st 11lb (Wheatley) 2 Sir J. Hawley's Cowley, 3 yrs, 7st 41b .. (A. Edwards) 3 Captain Coates's Libellous, 4 yrs, 7st 101 b (J. Snowden) 4 Mr. Ten Broeck's Maggiore, 4 yrs, 7st 121 b (Fordham) 5 Mr, Williamson's Limeflower, 3 yrs, 6st 81b.. (Midgley) 6 Lord Strathmore's Sporting Life, 3 yrs, Est 131 b (Covey) 7 Lord Derby's Star of India, 3 yrs, 7st 71b (Challoner) 8 Betting-3 to 1 agst Maggiore, sto 1 agst Lava, 6to 1 agst Gauntlet, and 8 to 1 agst any other. Gauntlet cut out the work with a clear lead, waited upon by Libellous, Lava, Cowley, and Maggiore, with the others lying up nearly in line, in which order they ran half way to the cords, where Lava obtained a slight lead, and won by a neck, a head only separating the second and third, and a similar distance the third and fourth. A length from Libelous came Maggiore, Limeflower being sixth. Sweepstakes of 10 sovs each; for 2-yr-olds, 7st ; 3-yr-olds, Bst 121 ; fillies allowed 21b. The winner to be sold for 80 sous if demanded, &c. T.Y.C. 5 subs. Mr. E. Thomas's Dux, 2 yrs, Est 121 b (Midgley) 1 Count F. de Lagrange's Absinthe, 2 yrs, Est 121 b _ _ _ (H. Grimshaw) 2 Mr. Bowles's Blacklock, 2 yrs, 7st (J. Adams) 3 Lord Canterbury's Golden Fleece, 2 yrs, 6st 121 b (J. Daley) 4 Mr. C. Rayner's Sacerdos, 3 yrs, Bst 121 b (Aldcroft) 5 Betting-2 to 1 agst Absinthe, 3to 1 agst Dux, and 4to 1 agst Golden Fleece. Blacklock jumped away with a slight lead, waited upon by Golden Fleece, the favourite, and Dux, Sacerdos lying off. On entering the cords Dux went up, and in a few strides after came on with a slight lead, Absinthe and Blacklock lying at her quarters ; the three finishing a fine race home, Dux winning in the last stride by a head; Ab sintho beating Blacklock by a head for second ; Golden Fleece was fourth, close up ; Sacerdos last. The winner was claimed by Count Lagrange. Handicap Sweepstakes of 15 soya each, 10 ft, for 3-yr-olds and upwards. First half of Ab M. 14 subs. Mr. Hawksley's Nutbush, 3 yrs, lOst 41b (G. Fordham) 1 Lord Stamford's Lava, 3 yrs, 7st 121 b (A. Edwards) 2 Mr. Jackson's Longshot, 3 yrs, 7st 101 b .. (Bullock) 3 The following also ran :—Confectioner, Penalty, Woman in ited i testes, Maid of the Mist, and Antwerp. Betting-2 to 1 agat Antwerp, 9to 2 agst Nutbush, sto 1 agat Lava, and 10 to 1 each agat Penalty, Woman in Red, Restes, Longshot, and Maid of the Mist. Nutbush, notwithstanding her crushing weight, came away with the limning, followed by Antwerp and Longshot side by side; Lava, who got badly off, lying third, some lengths in the rear; the others, headed by Penalty, Restes, and Woman in Red, following at wide intervals. On el:I -to:Lig the cords Lava improved her position, and ran past Antwerp and Longshot, but failed to reach Nutbush, who won in most gallant style, amid the shouts of the spectators, by a length, a head separating the second and third. Restes finished a good fourth, Antwerp fifth, and Maid of the Mist sixth ; the others beaten off, Handicap Sweepstakes of 15 soya each, 10 ft, for 2-yr-olds. D.M. 20 subs. Mr. Hughes's Real Jam, Est 91b (Midgley) 1 Mr. W. Day's Plunkett colt, Est 91b (Mullins) 2 Sir J. Hawley's Black Pearl, 7st 4lb (Edwards) 3 Mr. Thomas's Brightonia colt, 7st 31b (Reeves) 4 The following also ran : Queen of Spain, Tolurno, Watchman, Old Towler, Mahala, Agag, Peahen, Sagitta rius, Warrener, Colares, Charlton, Underhand's dam colt, Cutler, and Harlequin. Betting-5 to 2 agst the Plunkett colt,. sto 1 agst rightonia, 8 to 1 each agst Tolurno and Real Jam, and 10 to 1 agst Harlequin. After a good start, in which Tolurno jumped off, with Mahala, Old Towler, Black Pearl, and Real Jam next, the lot quickly began to spread, the three which eventually finished in front gradually coming away from the ruck. In doing this something trod on the heels of Black Pearl, and threw her out of her stride, when Mr. Day's eolt and Real Jam went on with a clear lead, which they maintained to the end. Real Jam headed the Plunkett colt when half way up the cords, and won cleverly by half a length; Black Pearl was a bad third ; the Brightonia colt fourth, and Mahala fifth, the rest pulling up as they passed the post. Handicap Sweepstakes of 15 sous each, 10 ft, for 3-yr-olds and upwards. T.Y.C. i 9 subs. Lord Stamford's Walloon, 3 yrs, 7st 71b (A. Edwards) 1 Baron Rothschild's Queen of the Vale, 3 yrs, 7811 121 b (G. Fordham) 2 Mr. W. Owen's Brilliant, 3 yrs, sst 131 b (car 6st) (H. Taylor) 3 The following also ran—Gallus, Curlow, Rocket, Tight fit, East Sheen, Lopcatcher, Spencer, Lady Clare, Ducat, Maid Ann, Ellen, and The Rock. Betting-5 to 2 agst Brilliant, 4to 1 agst Walloon, and 10 to 1 bar two. With little or no loss of time the flag was lowered to an equitable shut. Walloon, being first on his legs, jumped away with a clear lead, having for his immediate followers Queen of the Vale, Tight-fit, Gallus, Brilliant, and Ellen, the rear division being headed by East Sheen, Ducat, and Lopcatcher, who were widely spread across the course. De scending the hill, Walloon, in company with Queen of the Vale, drew away from their horses, Brilliant going on third, end East Sheen fourth, in which older they finished, Wal loon winning with bends down by a length and a half, Queen of the Vale obtaining second place by a length. East Sheen was fourth, close up, Lopcatcher fifth, Tight-fit sixth; the others, widely spread across the course, beaten off. Sweepstakes of 60 sovs each, h ft, for two-yr-olds; coltS, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 41b. Ab. M. 9 subs. Mr. T. Valentine's Hurricane, by Wild Dayrell, Bst 71b (G. Fordham) 1 Captain Lane's br f Emily de Lona (late Altisidora), Sst 41b (Custance) 2 Betting-7 to 2on Hurricane. Hurricane made play, followed by Emily do Lona, who ran exceedingly raw and green, and the former, in conse quence, won by a lend th. Selling Handicap Sweepstakes of 10 soya each, for two-yr; olds and upwards. The winner to be so ld for 100 sous, demanded, &c. Last half of Ab. M. 9 Mr. Mundy's Grey Milton, by Rifleman, yrs,2 6 ( b i a' r i Adams) s m st sh lO w lh 21 Mr. Barber's Foxhead, 3 yrs , 7st .... . . . • . . j Mr. Lincoln's Memo, The following also ran : 3 yrs, :—Donner .. ..... u . n . d .. B . Taylo r) litz, Newburgh 3 a a m gs il t to An . . n Rh ce b us , Annette, and Baylock. 1 ntte Foxhead, in company with Gre y Milton, Memo, and IRh agst oobus, Ne an b d u l r O gh, to 5 1 to agst 1 t Grey each e Betting-4 Memo, n g-4 and Newburgh, made the running at a good pace to 'within a short distance of the chair, where Grey Milton headed him, and won cleverly by a head, half a length separating the second and third. Newburgh was fourth, Rhoebus fifth, Baylock sixth, Annette next, and Donner and Blitz last. Sweepstakes of 10 soya each, for two-yr-old colts, Bst 7th, and fillies, Bst 41b. The winner to be sold for 40 sous, if demanded, &c. Last half of Ab. M. 8 subs. Mr Greville's Tarragona, Bst 41b ........ (L. Snowden) 1 M r r . 0 C v i e y e n , s a s ' o s C t e r b i e s l s 0 , , 8s t Bst 4 7 1 ••• • ( ( J r; a M rs a o n n n s) ) 3 Mr. Kennard's Bravo, Bst 71b .......... . (Bullock) 4 ~ .... . 4((w . r e siowayeelel)) 67 Mr. A. Brown's Liberality, Bst 71b.... . . ....(.. G ter) 5 Mr. Mr. J. Scott s T C. sltcaoyn,er'srLusat, 8 sso s ' t 4 Go l wr e . b. • . . . 1 . b .. . Mr. Mellon's Seahorse, Bst 7lb .............. (E. Sharpe) 8 Betting-6 to 4 agst Tarragona, 5 to 1 each agst Trust and Montebello, 6 to 1 agst Lass o' Gowrie, 100 to 15 agst Seahorse, and 10 to 1 agst Bravo. Several false starts took place, in which Montebello, Bravo, and Trust distinguished themselves by breaking away. When the flag fell, Crisis, with Lass o' Gowrie on the whip hand and Bravo on tho lower ground, wade play, followed by the favou rite and Liberality to the brow of the hill, where Tarragana caught Crisis, and in a few strides further headed her, and' - won in a canter by two lengths ; bad third ; the others b,9z.ten off. Mr. Reynard claimed N'ie winner. Optional Selling Plate of 50 sous; for 2-yr-olds, Gst 51b; 3-yr-olds, Bst 51b ; 4 , yr- olds, 9st 31b ; syr-olds and up wards, Ost 71b. The winter to be sold for 100 sous ; if entered to be sold for 80 st, Ts, allowed 51b ; if for 50 soya 121 b. R.M. Mr. Merry's Lady Peel, 5 yrs, Sst 91b (X 50).. (Custanee) 1 Mr. Hodgman's Mabel filly, 2 y, - s, sst 71b (150) (Morris) 2 Mr. Hudson's Miss Emma, 3yrs, 7ht 71b (£so) A. Edward 6) 3 The following also ran :—Night Revel, Nerio, Mermaid, Clematis, Sneer filly, Venerator, Duplicity, Captain Crow, and Guilder. • Betting-5 to 2 agst Miss Emma, , 6 to 1 each agst Lady Peel and Captain Crow, 100 to 12 ags t Guilder, 10 to 1 each agst Venerator and Clematis, and 100 .t 3 8 agst Night Revel. Duplicity, in company with the Ma bel filly, Mies Emma, Lady Peel, the Sneer filly, and Guilt !or, were the first off, and came on in a cluster to the brow • )f the hill, where Miss Emtaa took a clear lead, the Mabel filly going on second, Guilder third, and Lady Peel next, the others, headed by the Sneer filly, lying close -up. 'Half-pay in the distance Miss Emma gave way to La. 11, Peel, who, with the Mabel filly, finished the race together, Lady Peel winning very cleverly by two lengths; Miss E mma finished a bad third ; the last two were Venerator and Night Revel. Mr. Hodgman claimed the winner, Mr. G. Brown Miss Emma, and Mr. W. Day Venerator. LATEST BETTING. DERBY. 40 to 1 agst Typee colt 50 to 1 agst Nottingham 60 to 1 agst Tolurno 50 to 1 agst Lady Evelyn 100 to 90 agst Hubert CALPE.—This mare met with an accident, whilst at exer cise on the Limekilns, at Newmarket, on 'Thursday, and was destroyed. THE NEWS FROM NEW O.rILEANS. The intelligence from New Orlc :ans is really " wonderful if true." We are, however, inclined to adopt the theory advanced by the .Nev v York Times, and think that if Holli ns engage d ou r s hi ps h e w a s induced to withdraw his " little mosq nitro fleet of 16 guns and 300 men" as rapidly as p. a.ssible. Also, that, finding that the batteries on the Sand Spit commanding the five passes were really as effective as the despatch of the 4th inst. predict : 3tl they would be, Hollins determined to risk an eq.; agement, and attacked the vessels protecting the bit tteries. The 40 guns which the Federal fleet are r presented to have` had were probably those of 1;. he Vincennes, Preble, and Water Witch. The bloc azade fleet off New Orleans at the last accounts co , nsisted of the above named vessels, with . the Niagara, Savannah, and Richmond. It is by no means is aaprobable that the sensation despatches from the Sol Ith with which we have recently been favoured al re intended to have a depressing effect upon the No; rth, and to pro duce a hope of ultimate triumph at t he South. The rebels have now to resort to ever3r stratagem in order to keep up the courage of theii! troops. The " gentlemen" of the Southern States are beginning to learn that the blow so long itm pending must speedily fall, and they already fee: r its crushing effect. Whenever, therefore, they r meet with a re verse it is their policy to paint tl le story in its brightest colours, in order that th .e people may believe in the utter demolition of a Federal fleet of 40 guns and 1,000 men by a " little Confederate mosquito fleet of! 16 guns and. 300 men." The little steamer which is re ported as having sunk the Preble was formerly known as the Enoch Train, was built in Boston, and employed in the harbour of New Or ileans as a tug boat. A large reward being offered tc ► any one who should succeed in destroying the F' ederal fleet, a party of ingenious mechanics determi, ned to prepare the Train for that purpose. Accord..ingly, she was thoroughly protected with bomb and ;s hot-proof iron casing, a roof of iron covering the boat, and the bow strengthened to resist any collisi I in. Powerful machinery was then placed on boars 1, and the in genuity of the mechanics was putt o the test in order to complete this formidable engine of destruc tion. As it was intended to be driven at its fullest speed against the side of a ship, an iron ram pro jected from the bow, and directly beneath this was an admirably constructed weapon having three claws, encircling a large augur., The claws were intended to fasten into the side of the vessel attacked at the momenb of o ollision, while the augur, driven by an engine, was intended to bore a hole in the side. The operation, if successful, could be renewed by mea Els of a jointed shaft, so that a large number of holes could be bored within a small circumference. If I;.he Preble has been sunk by this ram, as reported, she was pro bably in a position from which she c. 3 uld not defend herself, or in which she could not avoid this artifi cial mosquito.—New York Commercrial Advertiser. COUNTRY MARIE :TS. MANCHESTER—OcT. '3l. English wheat was in dull demand, at is decline on former rates ; foreign held for previous r;ates, with a retail sale. English flour is per sack cheaper, 15ut foreign sorts unaltered. Oats, oatmeal, and beans at _late prices. In dian corn declined ls. BIRMINGHAM-Om 11. At to-day's market there was a short supply of English wheat from the farmers, which found ready buyers at no decline on this day week. Foreign descriptions wore very difficult to quit. In barley a better busin, ess, and new oats slightly higher. Beans and peas as beforte. CORK—OcT. 30. • The following were the quotations thiso morning :-11( d wheat, 18s Od to 29s Od ; white, 235 Od to. 30s Od; barley 9s Od to 108 Od ; oats, 6s Od to 14s Od. EDINBURGH GRAIN-0 CT. 30. Wheat on the top 24s Od up aver age 3s 9d down. Barley on tho top is down.... aver -age Os ld down. Oats on tho top Os 6d up aver ago Os 8d up. Beans on the top is 3d up........ ...average 2s Od up. Averages per Imperial quay ter. Wheat New wheat 0 0 0 0-12tha Barley ... 1 15 1 2-12tha Oats 1 8 4 3-12ths Beans . 2 9 7 0-12tha Total Supply and Sales. Wheat ...1281 qrs Sold 1001 qrs Barley... 3017 qrs Sold 1968 qrs Oats lB2O qrs St 1d 1241 qrs Beans 132 qrs Sold 42 qra DERBY SMITHFIELD—OcT. 22. A short supply of fat beastsy, and the denand was very fair for fine qualities at higher prices. A less supply of sheep, generally of good quality, and realising good prices. The supply of calves was scarce, and readily dis posed of. Pigs in average supply. Beet Gd to 61d Veal ...... Mutton ... 7d to '7ld Pork Lamb .. 71d to 8d Rough fat, 4a 8d per stone. Hides, 3d to 41d ; calf skins, 5d to Gd. FOREIGN MAIL PACKET Lin MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton. Nov. IS. via Marseilles ... Nov. 12. Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Nov. 4. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Nov. 1. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton Nov. 2. via Marseilles Nov. 12. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton Nov. 12. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Nov. 2. via Marseilles Nov. 2. India (Bombay), via Southampton Nov. 10. via Marseilles Nov. 4. Lisbon Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Nov. 2. via Marseilles Nov. 4. Newfoundland Oporto and Vigo ............... .0ct..30. Nov 1, U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.. Nov. 7 : by U.S. packet _ by Canadian packet. Nov. 6. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe Nov. 10. Bahamas, via New York Nov. 21. Mexico .. All parts of West Indies, includino. Chili, Peru, C a lifornia,and British Columbiba. . } Nov. la. BIRTHS. CARTER.—On the 29th ult., at North Walsham, the wife of Robert Carter, Esq., of a son. FORTESCUE.—On the 30th ult., at Castle-hill, Devonshire, Countess Porteseue, of a son. MOTT.—On the 30th ult. at 21, Avenue-road, Regent's park, th e w i fe of Henry' Mott, Esq., of a daughter. WINGPTELD.—On the 26th ult., at Shrewsbury, the wife of Capt. Walter Wingfield, of a son. MARRIAGES. nA ltßlS—ENson.—On the 30th ult., at Lustleigh, Devon, Captain N. H. Harris, RA., to Louisa A. Ensor, eldet daughter of the Rev. F. Ensor, sector. BROWN—STAULING.—On the 29th ult., at St. Mary Ab bot's, Kensington, John, younger son of Thos. Brown, Esq., of Cadogan-place, to Amy, younger daughter of Edw. Starling, Esq., of Sumner-terrace, Onslow-square, and Sackville-street, St. James's. DEATHS. AR,MYTAGE.—On the 30th ult., at Broomhall Bank, Tun bridge-wells, Colonel Armytage, late Coldstream Guards, aged 65. CooKE.—On the 4th Aug., at Woosung, China, Comman der John Murray Cooke, R.N., H.M.S. Simoom, son o f the late Rev. Wm. Cooke, vicar of Broomyard, Here fordshire. HANCORN.—At 22, White Lion-street, Spital. square, Ja s . Richard Hancorn, Esq., KB., aged 53. LAcHLAN.7OI3. the 29th ult., at Brixton, Joseph Lachlan, Esq., aged 56. MILLER.—On the 30th ult., at Gloucester-place, Portman.. square, Sir William Miller, Bart., of Glenlee, aged 46. NVALsit.—On tho 28th ult., at Stanton Harcou r t, Oxford shire, Percival Walsh, Esq., aged 85. P r inted and Published by MUR DO YOUNG, of Lo ti rl o n . I ° l2, Strand, Printer, at TUE SuN Office, No. 112,S trand , in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County of Ditddleux, liovenilnr 1,1561. ....--..--..--... K ,T 1 N St al