The Sun. — London, England, 1842-08-25 00:00:00

Cross-examined by Mr. CLARKSON—Suisse ap peared to be very ill at the time. I took possession of all the papers that I could find, and have kept them ever since. Mr. Capel examined by Mr. KELLY—I am of the firm of Capel and Co., solicitors. I have been so licitor to the late Lord Hertford for thirty years. He passed many of his latter years abroad. I remember his having an illness in 1840, and from that time his health was considerably impaired. He returned to England in October, 1841, and resided at Dorchester House until h e died. There were times since Oct., 1841, when I thought him unfit for the transaction of business. His intellect was impaired from illness. I sax him occasionally down to the time of his death. Suisse had been his valet for years, and was high in his confidence. At the time of Lord Hertford's death, Suisse was confined by illness. Lord Hertford slept in a room adjoining the library. He died in the library. Suisse slept in a small room adjoining the library. In the early part of January I waited on Lord Hertford with a cheque for a sum received on a particular account for him. When I presented him with the cheque he asked for ren and ink, and wrote his name upon it, along the signature of Capel and Co. I observed to Suisse that Lord Hertford appered not to be in a proper state of mind to transact business. Suisse acquiesced, Cross-examined by Mr. THESIGER.—I was ex amined at the last trial, and said not a word of this, lreause I was not asked. I heard Mr. Fuller ex amined in Court at the last trial as to the state of his Lordship's mind. I do not know if he is in Court to-day. Mr. Croker was in Dorchester House at the time of the Marquis's death The doors of the ,hrary, were sealed a n d th e b oxes o fp apers a l so. On )- 1 the- the will w as opene d police officers were em - - cla ,proyed in the house. Mr. Hopkinson examined by Mr. KELLY.--I was formerly a banker. lam one of the executors of the - 75017: - "TrersieFe - FiVeFei; Cents. I also delivered some certificates for Three per Cents. (The witness here stated the numbers of the different 'certificates in the Threeper Cents. which he had de livered to the Marquis.) I received these certificates from the house of D'lchall and Son, Paris. In No vember, 1840, we received from the Marquis some coupons to cash for him, which we sent to Paris. (The witness here stated the numbers of the coupons, and their value.) Frederick Vandenbrook examined by Mr. C. Parc urs—l am in the employment of Mr. Adolphus D'lchall, a banker in Paris. Messrs. Pasteur and Girod, of Milan, are our correspondents. In February, 1839, eight certificates for 1,000 francs each were purchased by our house for the Marquis of Hertford. I did not purchase them myself, nor did they pass through my hands. - Mr. C. PHILLIPS—You may stand down, I cannot carry it any further. Mr. Stephen Penfold examined by Mr. KELLY—I am clerk to Messrs. Rothschild. In April, 1840, our house cashed a quantity of coupons, which we re ceived from Messrs. Hopkinson for the Marquis of Hertford. I received them myself.—(The witness here stated the numbers and value of the coupons.) Mr. James Dixon—l am a clerk in the house of Sir John Price and Co. In April, 1840, we received from Messrs. Hopkinson a quantity of coupons to be sold. I sent them to Mr. Brodier, our foreign broker, and received the produce of that sale from him. It was 1571. 9s. 7d. I received some more on the 20th of April, and sent them to Mr. Brodier to be sold, and received from him 1,0821. 12s. 6d. On the 9th of May there was a similar transaction, and another on the 15th of Mar. Mr. F. W. Hampstead, clerk to Mr. Brodier, proved the purchase of some of the coupons from the last witness, and stated the number of the coupons so purchased. Mr. Harley Goodall, another clerk to Mr. Brodier, proved the purchase of another portion of the coupons from the house of Sir J. Price, and stated the num bers of the coupons so purchased. Mr. William Crote, another clerk to Mr. Brodier, proved the purchase of the remainder of the coupons alluded to by the witness Dixon, and stated the number and value of them. Mr. Thomas Chumley—l am a clerk in Hopkin son's banking-house. The late Marquis of Hertford kept an account there. I sent on the 13th April, 1840, some coupons to be sold, on account of the Mar quis of Hertford, to the house of Sir John Price, in the City. Those coupons had been sent to us by the Marquis. Another quantity of coupons sent by the Marquis we sent to Messrs. Rothschild for disposal, who received the produce of the sale, and placed it to the credit of the Marquis of Hertford. (The witness then gave evidence of several transactions of a similar nature.) By Lord ADINGER—We are in the habit of re ceiving coupons from various customers, and we send them all to Sir C. Price's house. We have no means of ascertaining to whom the different coupons belong, except from the return made to us by Sir C. Price's house. By Mr. BODKIN—I copied the entries in the ledger from a waste book which was made up from another book furnished as by Sir C. Price. Cross-examined- by Mr. THESIGER—I know no thing of the receipt of that sum of money, except that I copied the entry into the book produced from another book. Mr. W. H. Thomas 'examined by Mr. KELLY.—I am a bullion-dealer in Cornhill. I know the pri soner. He brought to me on 16th March last a quan tity of coupons to be converted into English money. I took the numbers and the amount. (The witness then stated the numbers and value of the coupons, and the dates when they were payable.) Altogether he brought 70 coupons, and the sum amounted to 87,300 francs. They were all due at the time. I sent them to Paris, and he was to call again for the money. He called on the 28th March, and I paid him 32,000 francs, being 1,2371. 18s. 2d. I sent a cheque to my bankers for the amount, and gave him the money I received from my bankers for the cheque. Cross-examined by Mr. THESIGER—I have seen Suisse before. I understood that he was steward to the Marquis of Hertford. Re-examined by Mr. KELLY-.. 4 first saw him in October, 1841. He then came to me to get- cash for some coupons. Lord ABINGER—To what amount ? Witness— Three thousand francs. I had other transactions with him between October and March. In November for 10,000 francs, and in February, 1842, for 17,200 francs. Those are all the transactions I had with the prisoner. Mr. William Thomas examined by Mr. C. Pau,- LIPS—I am cashier in Glynn's banking house—l know the last witness—On 2d March, I cashed a cheque drawn by him for 1,2371. 18s. 2d.—One of the notes was for 1,0001. No. 12, 66-13th June, 1842. Another w as a 2001 . note, N o. 88,404, dated 10th June, 1842. Mr. W. Rawlins—l am a silversmith, in Coventry street—l know the prisoner ;he came to give me an order in March last. He ordered a small service of plate of the value of 2,2001. On the 4th of April he paid 1,8001. on account. That consisted in part of a 1,000/. note and a 2001. note; the 1,000/. note was 1,266, 13th Jan., 1842 ; and the 2001. note was No. 88,404, dated Jan, 10, 1842. Cross. examined by Mr. THESIGER—I knew Suisse to have been in the service of the Marquis. I have known him well for years. During the whole time his character has been a first-rate one as an upright, honest man. Mr. F. Brennan examined by Mr. KELLY—I am one of the firm of Capel and Co., solicitors to the late Lord Hertford. Lord Hertford died on the Ist March. We had communications with the executors. Suisse came to our office on the 4th April. At that time we ascertained there were accounts unsettled between him and Lord Hertford. He came volun tarily. He came for permission to go to Paris. I told him to come again in half an hour, and in the meantime communicated with the executors. On his return I called his attention to a sum of 9,200/., which he had received from Lord Hertford's bankers in the month of February. He said that he had credited what he had expended in his book, and had paid the rest into his Lordship's hands, he added that the accounts which he had sent in to Mr. Capel would show how a great part of the money had been applied. He renewed his application to be permitted to go abroad, and expressed a hope that the executors would settle his accounts, as he wanted money to pay his passage. The executors were in the house at the time, and they refused to permit him to go. Cross-examined by Mr. THESIGER—Mr. Croker was the executor in the house at the time. I saw the Marquis some time before his death. Suisse complained when he was refused permission to go abroad of the had in which h e was treated. He s a id h e had nearly killed himself twice, and he would not do so a third time. Suisse had been very ill. Mr. Fuller attended the Marquis in his last illness. Mr. Fuller is not here He was examined at the last trial for the prosecution. The amount of the balance claimed by Suisse on his book, as due from the executor, was 1671. The will was proved on the 10th of June, 1842. Mr. Inspector Partridge examined by Mr. C. PHILLIPS—I went to Dorchester House about April last to apprehend Suisse—l found him in his room— I told him I came to apprehend him on a charge of embezzlement, he asked what the meaning of em bezzlement was. I told him, appropriating the monies of, others to his own use. I gave him into custody of Sergeant Luff, and I searched his room and found the papers produced. I then returned to Suisse. Among the papers found was a letter with a piece torn off. On the following morning I found the missing piece under the grate, in the fire-pla ce . I searched S u i sse. H e gave his keys up. In the drawers in his room I found 13 sovereigns in a purse, and 42 Napoleons. In his box I found several memo randums, and an estimate for plate from Lambert and Roffe. late Lord Hertford. I was present when possession was taken of the effects of the late Lord Hetiford, and when certain inscriptions were found. The inscrip tions produced by Mr. Engleback, of the house of Coutts and Co., were among them. They were sent to Coutts. The inscriptions produced, are all that were found, 27,200/. Three per Cents., and 8,000/. of Five per Cents. That is the amount of the annual dividends in francs. The value of this would be 1,0801. a year Three per Cents., and 3251. a year Five per Cents. The value of the capital would be about 30,0001. These were all the certificates of French stock found payable to bearer in his Lord ship's possession. Cross-examined by Mr. THESIGER—The amount of inscriptions standing in his Lordship's name in the Book of Finance in Paris, not payable to bearer, amounted to somewhere about 8,000 francs a-year, besides another receipt for 500 francs a-year at Mal let's the bankers. They were dated, I think, in 1823. Mr. Sasse, examined by Mr. BODKIN—I am a pro fessor of languages, and have made a translation of the letter produced. (The translation was then read. It was from Caille and Bac, the Paris bankers, and stated that they had received 58 coupons from the prisoner by the hands of M. Benoit Caille, and had placed the same to his account. The witness also read a translation of a letter from the prisoner to M. Benoit Caille, relative to the purchase of a carriage and horses, and to the transmission of a service of plate to France, which the writer was having made for himself, and stating the writer's intention to visit Brussels in June, on his way to Nancy. He then read a translation of another letter from the prisoner to Mr. Benoit Caille, urging Caille to come to London at his (the prisoner's) expense. Mr. Lawson examined by Mr. KELLY—I live in Paris, and act as a law-agent. I have applied fre • quently to M. Benoit Caille to come here as a wit ness. I was present when certain inscriptions were delivered to M. Mallet. I produce the examined copy of certain proceedings pending in the French Court in a suit in which the executors of Lord Hert ford are plaintiffs, and Suisse, Caille, and Bac are de fendants. Lord ABINGER thought that evidence could not be admitted. Mr. KELLY—That is the case, my Lord. The Jury then retired f o r a short time for refresh ment. On the return of the Jury, Mr. THESIGER inquired whether his Lordship thought there was sufficient evidence to go to the Jury ? Lord ABINGER intimated that he should not feel himself justified in withdrawing the case from the consideration of the Jury. Mr. THESIGER, upon this, addressed the Jury, contending that there was not the slightest proof of any felony having been committed, and he said that the case, at most, was only one of suspicion. He would not, he said, leave the case as it was at pre sent, but he should call some witnesses, whose evi dence would be found to be most important, and when that evidence was adduced, he felt satisfied that the prisoner would receive an acquittal at their hands. It would be shown by the will of the late Marquis, that up to his dying moments he had placed the most unbounded confidence in the prisoner, and in the last codicil, dated in November, 1839, the Marquis be queathed 8,0001. to the prisoner, at the same time calling him "an e xce ll en t man ." The Learned Counsel then made some allusion to the conduct of the late Marquis, and put it to the Jury whether it was not very probable that the Marquis might not have given him large sums of money. The will was put in, and the dates of the several bequests to the prisoner, and which amounted alto gether to the sum of 18,6001., were read. Thomas Foote, examined by Mr. CLARKSON—I was formerly in the service of the late Marquis of Hertford, and had been so for seventeen years when the Marquis died. I attended about the person of his Lordship for the last few years, to assist the pri soner, who was his valet. He accompanied him in his travels, paid the bills, and acted in fact as a steward, and the Marquis appeared much attached to him, particularly towards the latt er p or ti on o f hi s lif e. The Marquis was in the habit of receiving females both at Dorchester House, and at the house in the Regent's Park, and he also travelled on the Continent with such persons. The prisoner was chiefly em ployed in the transaction of these delicate matters for the Marquis. The Marquis could not go about with out assistance for the last twelve-month or more. The Marquis was visited by females up to the time of his death, and one who was known by the name of Hen rietta, was in the house at the time the Marquis died. A woman named Burel came to live in Dorchester House, about six weeks before the Marquis died. His Lordship's health failed him very much during the last twelve months, and he could not help himself on necessary occasions, and it was necessary to wait upo n hi m b ot h in the day and night, and this duty principally devolved upon the prisoner. I remember when his Lordship returned from France in October 1841. At that time he was accompanied by Mdlle. Burel and another woman named Dubois. A short time before his Lordship's final attack I remember his taking a journey to Rich mond, accompanied by some women. The Marquis and Suisse appeared to be very much attached to each other, and I remember upon one occasion the Mar quis gave him 1601. When abroad Suisse paid for everything—he made payments of all kinds. Ido not know who used to pay the Marquis's women. When we landed at Ramsgate in October last, it was necessary for Suisse and me to carry him from the boat to the pier steps, and this was accomplished with great difficulty, Suisse holding the Marquis by the body and by the neck, and witness assisting him, and there being considerable danger, the boatman called out to "let go," but they kept hold of the Marquis, and succeeded in getting him safe on shore. After this occurrence the Marquis seemed more pleased with Suisse than before, and he rang for him much more frequently in the night. Suisse was very ill, and was confined to his bed for several days during the latter part of the illness which terminated in the Marquis's death. Cross-examined by Mr. KELLY—Lord Hertford used to keep boxes in his room which contained a good deal of property. He kept the keys of these boxes in his own possession, but sometimes they were lying about the rooms. I have seen money taken from the table drawer in the library by the prisoner in the presence of his Lordship. On the same occa sion that the Marquis gave 160/. to Suisse, he gave me 501. I also had a gift of 201. a-year besides my wages. Angeline Burel, examined by Mr. THESIGER—I am a native of France, and am 24 years of age. I knew the late Marquis of Hertford, and lived with him between 7 and 8 years. When I first knew the Marquis I was sixteen years old. The prisoner provided apartments for me, and the Marquis paid for them. I used to visit the Marquis at Dorchester House, and frequently dined there. The Count and Countess Zfchi used to come to see the Marquis at Dorchester House, and on those occasions I did not dine there. I have dined at Dorchester House with Mr. Croker. Suisse used to come and fetch me. I remember the Marquis having an attack of the gout, and after that his health suffered much, and his speech was affected, and at times it was difficult to understand what he said. Suisse was in constant attendance upon the Marquis, and he appeared very much attached to him. Suisse paid for everything. I had a regular allowance from the Marquis, which was always paid me by Suisse. I generally expended 7,0001. or 8,0001. a-year, and whenever I wanted 2001. or 300/., I used to ask the prisoner, and some times he gave it to me, and sometimes the Marquis gave it me. I have now an annuity of 15,000 francs a-year, which was left me by the Marquis. I have heard Suisse say in the presence of the Marquis that " thanks to his kindness, he had become a rich man." In October 1841, I was with the Marquis at Paris, and a short time before that the Marquis had promised to purchase a house for me, and while we were at Paris I told the Marquis that I would not live with him unless he fulfilled the promise. The Marquis then offered me some coupons, but not knowing their value, I refused to take them. On the same day, the Marquis gave me 211,000 francs. A day or two after this I asked the Marquis what was the value of the coupons he had offered me, and he told me 100,000 francs, and he at the same time told me that he had given them to Suisse. I went with the Marquis to London, and continued to visit him until December, when, upon going to the house one day, I found another woman, named Henriette, with him, and I then refused to live with him any longer. About two months after this time, the Marquis gave me 1201. to buy a carriage with, and he also gave me a cheque for 500/. upon Messrs. Coutts. Cross-examined—l went to Paris, and remain e d there for some weeks aft er th e d eat h of the Marquis ; and I afterwards went to Geneva, and then came again to Paris, and staid there until I came here to give evidence. The Marquis told me the coupons were worth a hundred thousand francs, and that he had given them to Suisse. Mademoiselle Dubois was present when the Marquis said this, and she is in at tendance here to-day, to give evidence. I received a summons to attend and give evidence, and I was here at the last trial, but was not called upon to give evi dence. I have never gone by any other name than the one I now answer to. Clara Josephine Dubois, examined by Mr. J A M ES I knew the late Marquis of Hertford, and I was travelling with him and Mdlle. Burel in October last. I heard the Marquis say that he had given 100,000 francs to Suisse. Cross-examined—l was in Court during the ex amination of Mdlle. Burel, but she did not speak loud enough for me to hear what she said. Dr. Henry. Peacock Fuller, examined by Mr. CHAMBERS—I attended the late Marquis of Hertford professionally for twenty-three years. His Lordship was in a state of semi-paralysis of certain organs for several months before his death. This was not the cause of his death. He died from an attack of SUET, _LONDON, TIVAISDAy .1414:611N1NG, AUGUST' 25, i 842 bronchitis. Suisse was taken ill about the same time] I saw the Marquis daily, and considered him in a state of mind quite competent, to manage his affairs, and I never saw anything in his conduct that could for a moment induce me to' entertain a contrary opinion. I At this stage of the case Lord Abinger intimates his opinion that after this evidence the Jury could not convict the prisoner. The case for the prosecu tion was entirely founded upon circumstantial evi dence, and only appeared to amount to strong suspi-- tion, and an answer appeared to have been given to it by the witnesses who had just been examined. Mr. KELLY said that after such an intimation from the Court he could not of course think of proceeding any further. His clients had felt it to be their duty to put the case in a course to undergo the very fullest investigation. Lord ABINGER said the executors had only done their duty, but, under the circumstances, he was of opinion that the evidence did not support the charge. The Jury having been some minutes in deliberation, Lord ABINGER said, if they were not satisfied, the case should go on. The Jury said they thought that the fact of the prisoner asserting his poverty was a most suspicious circumstance. Lord ABINGER said it was so undoubtedly, but that was the chief circumstance in the case against him, and that alone would not warrant them in convicting him. The Jury returned a verdict of Not Guilty. Lord ABINGER said the prisoner had chiefly to blame himself for the suspicion which attached to him, and it should be a lesson to him and to all men how dangerous it was to deviate for an instant from the truth. _ Mr. KELLY then said there were three other in- dictments against the prisoner, but one of them stood on a very different footing from that which had just been disposed of. He should, therefore, consult with his learned friends before he could announce what course they intended to pursue. The other indictments were then ordered to stand over until this day. NEW COURT. Richard Burke was indicted for stealing, on the 7th of July, eight yards of oil-cloth, value 305., the property of Michael Parnell, a manufacturer, residing in Skinner's-street, Snow-hill. The prosecutor, a very aged and infirm old man, was called for the pur pose of identifying the property. The COMMON SERGEANT—WeII, Mr. Parnell, Ise. that, in consequence of the information you received, you ran after the prisoner. Witness, with apparent surprise exclaimed—l run after the prisoner ! God bless you, my Lord, I can't run—(Laughter)--I can hardly walk. (Renewed laughter.) Why I'm a paralytic.—(Laughter.) The COMMON SERGEANT—WeII, I'll read what it is said you stated and signed before the Alderman : " In consequence of what I heard, I ran out and down Farringdon-street." Witness—Oh, my Lord, that was my son, not me.—(A. laugh.) Henry Glover, a lad, who was passing by, saw the robbery committed, and gave an alarm. He and young Parnell pursued, and overtook the prisoner in Far ringdon-street. The prisoner, being a well-known character, was on conviction sentenced to seven years' transportation. Anthony Burnham, 40, and Martha, his wife, 41, were jointly indicted for stealing, on the 7th of May last, a bed, two pillows, a bolster, two blankets, and other articles, the property of Thomas. Sears. From the evidence it appeared that the prosecutor was a gentleman residing in a cottage in the neigh bourhood of Plumstead, which in May last he left for a time under the charge of the male prisoner. Upon the family of Mr. Sears returning from the country, the property was missed, and was ultimately found at a beer-shop called the Tom and Jerry, kept by the prisoner. Mr. JONES, on behalf of the prisoners submitted that the wife could not be convicted, because all that she had done must be taken to be the act of her husband. The COURT taking this view of the case. the female prisoner was acquitted and her husband found guilty, and sentenced to three months' imprisonment and hard labour in Maidstone Gaol. Josaph Stinton pleaded guilty to the charge of stealing opodeldoc and other drugs, value 41., the property of Messrs. Preston and Co., his masters. The COURT sentenced him to nine months'imprison ment and hard labour. John Ridout, a genteel-looking lad, indicted with stealing earrings and other articles of jewellery, value 101., the property of Charles Noble, his master, pleaded guilty to this and another similar in dictment. The prosecutor stated that the youth had been with him two years, and his conduct till latterly had been all that could be expected. The prosecutor feared that the youth had been led astray by bad companions. The COMMON SERGEANT, after this representation, sentenced him to only six months' imprisonment. Jeremiah Connell and John Lyon, two notorious young thieves, were convicted on clear evidence of picking the pocket of John Penn Allen, Esq., of a silk pocket-handkerchief, and in consequence of pre vious convictions, the Court sentenced them to ten years' transportation, in order to their being sent to the hulks. RABBIT STEALING.—TWO youths of the names of Small and Rivers, were convicted of stealing six rabbits, value 12s. It was proved in evidence that the boy Small had been several times convicted, and on the last occasion sentence of death was recorded against him for high way: robbery, accompanied with cruelty, but her Majesty commuted the judgment to six months' im prisonment in the. House of Correction. The COMMON SERGEANT, on passing sentence, ob served that he had very little doubt that Rivers was Small's dupe ; he should therefore pass a lenient judgment on him ; but with respect to Small, his life had been once in jeopardy, but it had not ope rated as any warning to him ; he must therefore pass a heavy sentence on him, and try by that means if the Court could not bring him to a right mode of life. The COURT then sentenced Small to seven years' transportation, and Rivers to three months' impri imprisonment. Thomas Wilson was indicted for stealing a saddle, value 51. 10s., the_ property of Mr. Roberts, a gentle man residing in Harley -street. The prisoner was seen to come out of the premises of the prosecutor with the saddle on his am. He was followed and apprehended.—Verdict, Guilty. The COMMON SERGEANT—Prisoner, I think you and I have met before. Prisoner—Oh, no, my Lord ; I never seed you in my blessed life afore; that I never did, 'pon my honour.—(A laugh.) The COMMON SERGEANT—Oh, yes, you have ; consider again. The prisoner here put his hand to his forehead, as if to assist his recollection, and after a short pause exclaimed--Well, my Lord, I think I remem ber now that I was before you here once, but that's a year and nine months ago. The COMMON SERGEANT—WeII, prisoner, I dare say you will be sorry to hear that it will be much longer before we meet again, as I shall sentence you to transportation for seven years. The prisoner was then sentenced to seven years' transportation. ROBBING NEWS AGENTS.— William Batt, a servant in the employ of Mr. Elgar Stevenson a news agent in the City, wa s i n di c t e d for embezzling various sums of money belonging to his master. The prisoner was conv i c t e d an d sentenced to one years' imprisonment in Giltspur-street Compton Wm. Brown who was convicted yesterday of steal ing 401. 10s. the property of Mercer and Co. of Ux bridge, was brought up for judgment yesterday, and sentenced to seven years' transportation. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-HOUSE.: A MISTAKE.—Thomas Hall was placed at the bar before Sir P, Laurie, charged with being " a rioter." Police-constable 674 stated that he was passing along Cheapside last night, when he heard a noise, and on proceeding to the spot he discovered the pri soner and two others creating a disturbance. The prisoner was flourishing a pistol in each hand, and was saying he would be revenged. Witness took the prisoner into custody, but the other two persons es caped. The prisoner, in his defence, said that he was a gun maker in the employ of Mr. Bond, of Cornhill, in whose service he had been for upwards of twenty five years. His father had been in the same employ for more than 44 years. He (prisoner) was taking the pistols home, and he met two persons who jostled him, and a scuffle ensued. The pistols were not loaded. He hoped he had too much good sense to be a rioter. Sir P. LAURIE sent for the prisoner's father, who corroborated his statement. The prisoner expressing his sorrow for the disturb ance, was then discharged. GUILDHALL. • A VICTIEIIZER.—A shabbily dressed person, who said his name was Thomas, was charged before the sitting Alderman with entering the coffee-room of Mr. Wright, Holborn, and having called for various cups of coffee with et-cetera, which he dispatched with much apparent gout, coolly told the landlord to "book" the amount to him as he was without cash. The worthy Alderman, as the prisoner was such a well-known victimizer, ordered him to find b a il. I n default he was c onv eyed to the Compter. BO W-STREE7. THE SUICIDAL MANIA.—A very pretty, intelligent looking girl, and though devoid of bonnet or cap, in other respects well attired, who gave her name Sophia Harriet Wapshot, was charged with attempting self destruction. Policeman F 78 stated that lie saw the prisoner last evening standing upon the steps of Waterloo-bridge, which lead down to the water. It was high water at the time, and she was just a b ou t t o pl unge i n w h en h e cauffhel:er by the skirt and took her to the station house. She appeared to have been drinking, and al leged as a reason for attempting the rash act, that her father had refused to take her home, and that she had, therefore, determined to put an end to her existence. Mr. JARDINE put a number of questions to her in answer to which she stated that she had been three years in London, and was living at No. 47, Clement's lane. Her father was a master lighterman, residing at Isleworth, and was in very excellent circumstances. She was sorry for what she had done, and would not attempt it again. The policeman said.eitt so short a time as half an hour ago the prisoner had told him that she was de termined to destroy herself, and that she would make another attempt directly She was discharged. Mr. JARDINE said, under those circumstances he could not for a moment entertain the idea of setting her at liberty. This was the fifth case within three days at this office, where parties had been charged with attempting the abominable crime of self-destruc tion. He should remand her till Friday, that com munication might be had with her father. MARLBOROUGH-ST.REET. Mr. John Longman charged Mr. W. Thompson with having caned him in the public street. Mr. Longman said he lived in Waterloo-place, and the defendant was his cousin. He had not seen the defendant for about a year, until the other evening, when the defendant suddenly pounced upon him and applied his stick to his back, at the same time using opprobrious terms to him. The assault he considered was very brutal, his coat being cut through by the violence used. He could assign no motive whatever for the attack. The defendant said he would give the circumstances which led to the assault. Mr. MALTBY declined to hear anything except that which related to the assault at the time it took place. The defendant said surely he was entitled to enter into such an explanation as would show the sort of provocation he had received. Mr. MALTBY . said he had Nothing to do beyond looking at the fact of the def en d an t h av i ng t a k en ith e law into hi s own hands, and committed an assault in the public streets. Mr. Thompson did not see how he could make his defence, if debarred f rom en t er i ng i n to some explana tion. The assault had been described as "brutal." He denied that this was a fair description, as it was committed with the stick he then carried. (The stick appeared to be a small black switch.) He had cer tainly waited in Waterloo-place for Mr. Longman to cane him, but he had previously written a letter to him, stating the grounds of his anger. He had as saulted Mr. Longman, because Mr. Longman had slandered his mother. At a dinner -party, where his two sisters were present, Mr. Longman chose to use insulting terms in reference to the family, and to throw out an insinuation against Mrs. Thompson, which obliged her daughters to put on their bonnets and leave the house. Mr. MALTBY could not hear matters of this sort. If any slanderous words had been used a civil Court was the place to resort to. Mr. MALTBY then inflicted the highest penalty the law permits, 51., or two months' imprisonment. The money was paid. A PLAIN and PRACTICAL GUIDE to the INCOME-TAX ACT, 5 and 6 Viet., cap. 35. By A COMMISSIONER. Yost-fire, price ls. To enable per sons to fill up their own Papers wit hoot exposure o: expense, with c. pious information and valuable instructions on abatements, affirmations, allowances, annuities, appeals, arrears, affidavits, awards, assessments, c l a i ms , compos i t i on, contracts, eva sions, evidence false, exemptions, expenses, fines, forgeries, householders, houses used in trade, inspec tion of books, objec tions, oaths, penalties, partners, perjury, profits, rents, salaries, schedules A. B. C. D. E., secresy provisions to ensure, se or esy (oath of ), sets off, shops, seizures for recovery, valuations, witnesses, &c. &c. Price One Shilling, post-free. London : published and sold by E. Smith, at the Central Office, No. 6, Wellington-street, Strand ; and W. Strange, 21, Paternoster-row. HAMBURGH, 12TH AUGUST, 1842. • IS AlAil ES IA the EMPEROR. of AUSTRIA, AND HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF PRUSSIA, IL ving A UTHORISED and GUARANTEED several DIS TRIBUTIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS, by which, though they are NO LOTTERIES, LARGE FORTUNES may be obtained. HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH, are Selling GENUINE and WARRANTED SELECTED BONDS for the said I/INTIM:3U I . IONS. Persons desirous to purchase may receive. PREVIOUS giving any order, the PROSPECTUS with full PARTI CULARS, uron addressinr, WITHOUT DELAY, a line to HEINE BROTHERS, at HAAIBURGH. P.S.—NEXT PRUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION on 15th OCTOBER, 1843. NEXT POLISH DISTRIBUTION on 15th MARCH, 1843. NEXT AUSTRIAN DISTRIBUTION on Is'_ of NEXT MONTH. SELECTION for the PRUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION on Ist JULY next. SELECTION for the POLISH DISTRIBUTION on lit MARCH next. The SELECTION for the AUSTRIAN DISTRIBU TION has already taken place, namely, on let of JUNE, THE DISTRIBUTION TAKING PLACE ON THE FIRST OF NEXT MONTH. THEATRE-ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE. THIS EVENING. AUGUST 25. Will be performed the Drama entitled SELF ACCUSATION Characters by Messrs. Oxborry, W. H. Bland, Lynne, Green, Miss Granby, and Miss Faucit. Afte, which r Farce, in which Mr. Harley will appear. To be followed by the Huthtta of BLUE BEARD.—BIue Beard, Mr. J. Bland; Shackoblack, Mr. Oxberry ; Fatima, Miss Crisp; Irene, Miss Sta , ley. To conclude wi h; THERESE.—Carwin, Mr. Diddear; Therese, Miss Faucit Boxes, 4s. Pit, 2s.— Gallery, Is. Doors open at lialf.past Six; commence at Sevea ; Half-price, a Quarter before Nine . Private Boxes to be had of Mr. Grogan, at the Private Box.office ; and of Messrs. Andrews, Mitchell, Sams, and Baily, at their Libraries. DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. THIS EVENING, AUGUST 25. Will be represented Bishop's Opera of GUY ii ANNERING Henry Bertram, Mr W. Harrison; Julia Mannering, Miss Romer; Lucy Bertram, Mrs. Serle. Atter which, THE QUAKER.—Steady, Mr. Leffler. To conclude with the peculiarly eccentric New Drama, entitled ('HE MEMOIRS OF THE DEVIL, supported by the entire Com pany. Places and Private 3oxes may be had of Mr. J. Kerschner, at the Office, from Eleven till Four daily. .OYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. GRAND EVENING FETE, THIS EVENING, THURSDAY, with all the tiniq,e Z .ological, Picturesque Music I aed Pyrotech nic attract ons for whi c h thi s Es.ablishment is so pre-eminently dis tinguished ! ! The Programme of the PROMENADES MUSICALES includes a New Overture, composed for this B ud by Dean - New Qua rifles and Wal. zes " Hail ! Star of Brunswick !"—a New Fanta is on the beautitul meMdies of Lindpa ntner', Jocko "—the Dna Concertante for T. ombone and Cornet, by Messrs. Slason and Hand. ley—and, by parti•ular desire, Beethoven's Grand " Battle Sinfo. nia," with tt e double Military Band, and 353 rounds of Artillery and Musketry ! ! Between the parts of the Concert the Procession of the Troops and Cavalcade of Roman Nobles over the Bridge of St. Angelo, pre ceded by Stadolini's Grand Papal State March, composed for the Festival of Saint Peter's Day at Rome. At Dusk the Illumination of St. Peter's, followed by the Giran dola of Saint An ge l o , w ith S ou thb y ' s magnificent Pyrotechnic Spec tacles, Extraordinary Aquatic Fireworks on the Lake, and Superb Cascade of Fire. Admission to the whole of the Day and Evening Entertainments One Shilling.—Open at Ten.—Feeding at Five —Concert at Six. ILLUM I NATION of St. PETER'S at NINE precisely. TO CORRESPONDENTS. We cannot answer the question of " G. E." HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY. 'orning 3 minutes after 1 Evening lB minutes after 4. cage, and statesmen must trust—which is war ranted by experience —that the invisible hand which brings it into life, which places the mo tive in man's breast, and instructs hi,:n in the means of gratifyin g it, will always, as; hereto fore lead the individual, though that is no part of his intention, to promote the public happiness. We repudiate for trade all notion of guiding it by benevolence. We demand for it the II lost free competition amongst all classes; and , rve rely confidently —though we cannot see throt igh the dark futurity what is to be the destiny of taations, on the principle of self-interest, the Guiding principle of mankind—to work out the public happiness. Benevolence, it is presumed, is at the bottom of all legislation. At least, it is continua lly and loudly proclaimed by all the law-makers, and especially by the landlords, that they th ink not of themselves, they only aim at benefiting others. They do not wish to raise rents or preseri 'e their ascendancy in society ; they only wish, by all their laws to promote the public good. They restrain the full development of the self-i nterest of the corn and sugar importer, and th( calico and cutlery exporters, from no selfish motive, but the purest benevolence. The great p:7actical question which these adverse principle: ; bring before us is this--Are the fluctuations .in the demand for labour in Manchester the re sults of the self-interest of the Manchester m: tnufac turers; or of that benevolence which show 's itself in making laws for the public good? The Times, like the Post, concludes, but we must say vithout a searching inquiry, that the open . Ilion of self-interest is the cause of the fluctuations, and must be corrected by benevolence. Tin it jour nal said on Thursday, and the observatio as have found no inconsiderable favour with a . part of the public— With respect to the real mischief, which o ccasions, not present distress alone, but this distress cot itinually and periodically- recurring, and which must confirm sally and periodically recur, under the present system, 1 , thenever the demand for manufactured goods happens 5, 3 be in sufficient to employ the manufacturing populati, )n—is it sufficient to say, that that evil wholly consists in the fact, that at any one given time the supply c f labour exceeds the demand ? The evil which we hav, s to re medy is not simply a fact, but a system. It co nsists in the circumstance, that the whole manufacturing popula tion are systematically dependent for their breaa ! upon a source of employment which is continually jiw ;hutting. It is not enough to say that the mischief is this or that glut of the market, and the obvious re medy is to take off the superfluous labourers, as o ften as they happen to be thus thrown out of empl, Dyment. This would be only cutting off the cancer a s often as it would grow, without permanently extirpating the malady. The real mischief is, that the 5( turce of employment is a fluctuating one ; if the surplus hands; occasioned by the present case of stagnation o. F trade were all shipped off to-morrow, and matters th ins set right, in another month or two the same evil migh t oc cur again ; or, on the other hand, the demand might in crr2ase, and new hands be employed, and these might be - again thrown off (and again emigrate, we suppose), ant I so on ad infinitum. Be the manufacturing population I; ra-ge or small, the evil would still exist. The mischief, t !sen, is the fluctuating nature of the source of emplo pment. What is its cause ? And what is its remedy ? It, cause lies of course in the very nature of trade, but its rtes nedy, we think, is with the master-manufacturers therns elves. They might do much to mend the matter. In c onse quence, we may suppose, of the increase of trade, a mil I is built, which is capable of giving support and cor °k it to hundreds of labouring poor. Work-people, of cot it se, are to be found ; a little colony of cottages rises rut and the factory, built by the master ; and if anything ctsn be created by man, that village, with its horde of inl sabi tants—men, women, and children—has been create d, is absolutely maintained, and is kept continually increa sing by and through the sole agency of the man who built the mill. On the strength of the hope of subsistence held. out by that mill, its in-dwellers marry and are gi :vs n in marriage, just as by it a l so they these Ayes were, in their them day, called into existence. rhis is the doing of the master-manufacturer, a - Ad as suredly he is responsible for what he has d .one— surely, he has undertaken, if people would but th' ink so, to maintain those unhappy creatures of his pro sperity, or, it may be, of his avarice, not only th rot .igh fair weather but through foul—through employ ') ens and through the w an t o f i t — t h roug h b ad tintes as we ll as the good. He has summoned th em i nto being : is it enough to employ them when work is plenty, a nd then to desert them, as he must well know, and whe to only, they can find elsewhere no sort of employmel it; what ever ? We do not hesitate to say that he is . bound to employ them, and that too though it be at a loss. even at every loss. We do not disguise our opir.tion that the relation of the master and workman— o f rich ant I poor— has been, and is, fearfully misunderstood. Ann ' that is the cause of much of the present mischief : the s pmt of trade is too much the spirit of profit and loss. These remarks strike at the very princi ple of trade, namely, carrying it on for a man 's own advantage, and not for the advantage of L ethers. At first we thought, in Common with sev( Iral of our Contemporaries, that they were th e off spring of the most greenhorn ignorance !, but further reflection taught us that they as .e the logical deductions of the principle tin Lt the State is bound to provide for the welfare of all the people. Our Liberal Contemporaries , who advocated Lord ASHLEY'S interference wit :h tile colliers, have no right to complain. e f the Times for advocating an interference wit :h the master manufacturers, by which it supposes an incomparably greater degree of misery, Ind of danger to society, will be prevented, th; In by Lord ASHLEY's Act. His law, springing , froui benevolence, i s t o contro l t h e operat i ons of self interest ; the recommendations of the 9 'zmes have the same origin, aim, and scope. Opp osing Lord ASHLEY, we can oppose the Times.. We deny that the fluctuations in the demand fat 7 em ployment are caused by the operations, c f the self-interest of the masters. We cl- eny that fluctuation is the nature of trade, and we as ;sert that the fluctuations which have actu ally ti Lken place have been caused by the bent...volen ce of the legislator. The writer in the Times takes a 13' .Arblind view of the whole matter, and writes as if no c ether person in the world were concerned in st emu lating the building of mills and the employ ment of hands than the mill-owner. According t o his observations the mill-owner createct the del nand for his goods, found a mark(.:t for them, au.d grew the cotton he was to work up, as well a,s make cloth. But the mere Aiill-owner is c ,nlj' one agent, or one part, of the great syster, a of pro duction, and far from being the vrillinv author of the derangements, he is q u it e as it inch their vic tim as the labourers themselves. The oinner is .no ; thing without the weaver, the w( _!aver nothing without the dyer, the dyer rrotthin- g without tl se merchant to buy his goods, and. each and all of them are closely connected .1 the machine maker, and must all have 11; ,s assistance bek)re they can complete a single tee of pi inted ca lico for the market. It b'etr ays great i gnorance .n the writer of the ordivar tion, to fix the blame of flue' , y process of produe tuation, if bla m e there be, exclusively on the RIM- owner, when it r aust be shared by scores of other r .-,an uflicturers or t .raders, all of whom contribute ti J the r esu l t . Let us, however, conic to ; specific facts . There was a great demand. for nil Lnufacturing labour from 1834 to 1838. or Brea tpr 7osper'ity in th .e land ; since 1838 there has bee n a slackened , demand; what was the cause of the: 1 ,risk demand in the former four years and the s lacke , ned &man din the last? To ascribe the fl'u , Ituation to vhe r nill owners is to confound ca t tie arid effect.. I 'hey built mills, they engaged h ands, they m anti fac tured largely, to s u ppl y , remand which ti ley did not create. Whence ca n , e i t 9 It had several sourer foreign and dote estic. Of .the forei gn we s h all noticing one. Th e i nhdbcon; t itat it of the Jnited e -sat ourselves with States, stimulated tartly by the abunda nee of capital here whicl.l overflow, ad, on then 1, en gaged in a great variety of improve; .n , an t s , some of them speculative ;• • to carry the m on , they borrow e d largely in Europe, IN icu , /arly in En g l an d ; so borroi rin g th ey h a d ,th e means of purchasi ng , an d th ey extensively of our ma nu f actu purchased 1r e ry red articles. Er, 3.•37- ,La of 1836 the t f ade body knows that t o th e es with America was most flou rist'ting. In fuel ,by far the larger portion of the ;Iva ns were mac( le in goods, for which the lendspail, i the shunt tfac turer. Hence arose a gr gat den land for nst ser work s w ere ere ,2ted mu factures, and mills and ot l to supply :t. The dem a ' ore, d wages to ditional employment an ad in 2 . i. mer k ta gave ad peol and the demand inert , •ell ;using, at nenie as vi at that period the more mills. In fa ct, as abroad required s• m anufacturers could t lot , execute the orders tEtey received, and it w as no uncomme,n thir.g for iron -masters and ru chinists to have o, :ders for wor k snore than th( could execute ir. two years. The manufacture whn erected. millg to coniply with that a 6 4 ` 4 ) - VA- , Arra 4,' > , ✓ At' 4 1 _ , Orqk 4 VT , ll* • : * Ak l o, l4l 4ttpg ie 4.1. 14 • '" O r " -• • ; • • CLERKENWELL. The complainant stated that last night, while at a friend's, he was alarmed by his wife appearing in a state of great agitation, and informing him of the above facts. He immediately proceeded home and found the door fastened inside. On bursting it open the two pri soners rushed out, leaving their coats and hats behind. He followed, and succeeded in apprehending Collins. He found in the possession of Collins a species of " skull cracker," which wa s h an d e d t o th e M ag i s t ra t e. The handle, f twisted whalebone, was about 12 inches long, with a knob of lead on the end, weighing about 41bs. The other prisoner was taken afterwards. Collins stated that Shaw and himself had been en gaged by the third man, Gaynor, residing in George street, Portman-square, to take possession of Jackson's house. He denied any violence, and ran away from personal fear when they saw prosecutor bursting in the door with the crowbar; and he accounted for possession of the skull-cracker by stating he picked it up in the street on running away. The other prisoner made a similar defence. The MAGISTRATE remanded the case, but would take good bail. WANDSWORTH. Yesterday the final examination of the Rev. Stephen Aldhouse, late Lecturer at Allhallows Church, Lom bard -street, who stands charged with bigamy, took Mplace at this Court, b e f ore M r . P ayn t er , the sitting agistrate. Mr. Steele attended to conduct the case for the the defence. prosecution ; and Mr. Bowditch, as on former occa sions, On previous occasions the evidence adduced was given in a hurried and unconnected manner. Yester day the whole of the witnesses were re-sworn, and the evidence was taken again. Mr. PAYNTER reviewed the evidence that had been offered, and said that it was quite sufficient for him to send the prisoner for trial upon. It was not for him to give his opinion as to the probability of a convic tion. That was better left in the hands of the Jury who would try the prisoner. Prisoner—l am innocent, and I shall be able to prove my innocence.—Th e prisoner was then fully committed to take his trial at the present sessions of the Central Criminal Court. MRS. HOFLAND ' S NEW ROMANCE.—It is SO long since Mrs. Holland has exercised her popular pen that r omance of '.The Czarina" is looked her forthcoming for with great interest and curi o sity. Lik e a ll thi s l a dy' s works, it is said to blend truth and fiction in so skilful and happy a manner that eac h g i ves f orce an d zest to the other. The extraordinary- events connected with Russian history and especially the history of her rulers, and of that proud and fierce aristocracy bef ore w hi c h even the unquestioned despotism of the former occa sionally trembles on its imperial seat, are said to furnish the materials for this romance. The choice of subject is as bold as it is novel, for the great and noble families who figured , at the Court of the Russian Czar and Carina a century: ago still hold the same relative posi tions in that of their livin g successors. - THE STEAM-SHIP HINDOSTAN.—This superb ves sel, destined to open the new line of com munication be tween the Eastern Presid enc i es o f I n di a and Suez, is now ready to leave Liverpool, where she was constructed, and will, in the course of a few days, be at Southampton, and remain a short time previous to her departure for India. The Directors of t h e P en i nsu l ar and Oriental Steam Company have issued cards of invitation to an entertainment on board the Hindostan on the 13th Sep tember, to the Members of her Miijesty's Government, the Directors of the East India Company, and other eminent parties interested in this great national en- _ terprise. Mrs. Mary Anne Stevens, a fashionably dressed female, was charged as follows : It appeared that the prisoner was wife to Mr. Charles Stevens, ironmonger, Great Russell-street, from whom she was divorced for misconduct some time ago by the Prerogative Court. Since then she had from time to time come to the complainant's house, knocking at the door, abusing him in the street, and otherwise annoying him. Some time since she was brought before Mr. Combe, and ordered to find two securities in 401. each to keep the peace towards her husband. She was brought before Mr. Broughton to-day on a bench warrant. In answer to the interrogatories of the Magistrate, she stated that she had an annuity of 501. a year, and was going to Calcutta in a few days to live with Cap tain —. She then produced 1001. to show that she was not in want. Mr. BROUGHTON—Have you the bail ready ? Mr& Stevens—l have it not, and will not procure it. Mr. BaouGHToN—Then you must go to prison for six months.--She was then committed. MURDEROUS ASSAULT BY A POLICEMAN.—Two men named Bray and Wigg were charged with da maging a flower-stand, and asssaulting police consta ble• Marsh, 119 G. It appeared that between five and six o'clock on the previous evening, the prisoners being somewhat excited by drink, in a frolicking manner knocked down a flower stand, and b'egan to pull about some things in the shop of Mr. Beale, No. 2, Chichester-place, who sent for police constable Marsh to take them into cus tody. When they got about 20 yards a scuffle en sued, and Wigg, by accident, or design, struck the policeman with his hand in the mouth. The police man seized him by the collar, dragged him into the middle of the road, and knocked him down, When down the policeman seized him by the collar, raised him two feet from the ground, and dashed hi m w ith a u ll it h e is ins fo e r n ce sibe l, against the ro a d. Wi gg was ren d ere d and while in that state the policeman seized him twice more and dashed him against the road. The man for a long time appeared quite dead. He was taken to a:surgery, and thence to the station house, on the stretcher. Five gentlemen d e p ose d t o hese facts. Mr. BROUGHTON said it was quite plain, from the man's appearance, that he had suffered dreadful bo dily injury. H e felt bound to state that the police man's conduct was most violent and atrocious, and without a shadow of justification. If the man died the policeman would be tried for aggravated homi cide, if not for murder. He would order Wigg to be sent to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and the police man to find two secureties in 501., and himself in 351. to answer the charges which would be preferred against him on Saturday next at this Court. Both prisoners were disch arge d. QUEEN SQUARE. William Jackson, a respectable-looking man, re siding in Mason's-grove, Chelsea, charged two sus picious-looking characters, named Timothy Collins and Shaw, with bein g in his house for an un lawful purpose, assaulting-his wife, tearing her dress, and so seriously injuring her person as to confine her to bed since. Ztt :7 tut LONDON: THURSDAY MORNING, AUGUST 25, 1842. We endeavoured to show on Saturday that all :rade is founded on great natural facts, such as nequalities in the seasons, and differences in the productions of different countries, while the great wants of the human race, of food, clothing, and shelter are comparatively steady, or subject only to progressive augmentation ; that the great end and object of all trade is to bring into harmony these permanent and these varying facts, and that it mainly accomplishes this great and bene ficent end by buying when and where commodi ties are cheap, that is not wanted, and selling them when and where they are dear, that is comparatively much wanted. We endeavoured, therefore, to show that trade, instead of being a cause of fluctuations in the condition of society, as is continually assumed by Liberals, we regret to say, as well as by Tories, or peculiarly liable to fluctuations—like the produce of the harvest from year to year—is the very means and instru ment by which fluctuations in the condition of society are lessened, and the variations of sea sons and climates neutralized, so as to spread an equal abundance over all the families of man kind. We adverted to the influence of legis lation in preventing the complete realization of the natural and necessary results of trade, but we did not pretend, in the compass of a single column of a newspaper, to exhaust such a vast subject, or nicely discriminate the degree in which ill-considered and ill-contrived laws have caused theSe fluctuations in the condi tion of our manufacturing comtnunity, which we all deplore, and tome of the consequences of which now show themselves in a painful disease in the very heart of society. We propose, there fore, now to cast a hasty glance over this im portant branch of the subject. It is, perhaps, hardly worth while to interrupt the course of our argument by a reference to the opinions of our Contemporaries —certainly not with any view to enter into a profitless contro versy, but as the discussion has been forced on by their making some hasty and random asser tions, it may not be considered courteous to omit all notice of them. To our Saturday's re marks the Post objected : One of our Contemporaries, who no doubt means very well, and wishes to show us a view of the truth which it is supposed has escaped our observation, presents us, in reply, with a very vehement panegyric upon trade, which is certainly rather stronger and more unguarded than we are prepared to admit. But, to what purpose is this panegyric given ? Are we enemies of trade ? Do we wish to throw any discredit upon trade ? Have we denied the usefulness of trade ? No ; but we think there are more ways than one of carrying on the trade of a nation. It may be carried on for the benefit of many, or only of a few. It may be carried on in a sordid, selfish spirit, or in an honourable, generous spirit. Trade is a good thing under the government of good principles and generous feelings ; but trade is not exactly the same thing as benevo lence, though one might suppose, from the language of The Sun, that there are writers who consider the terms synonymous. We pass by all the observations except those which concern the principle involved in carrying on trade. Far from thinking trade in any de gree synonymous with benevolence, it is, we as sert, the very reverse. Benevolence proposes, however ignorant it may be of the means, to do good to others. Trade, whatever benefit it may confer on mankind, is altogether set in motion by the desire to benefit the trader. The latter contemplates self; the former contemplates others. What benevolence may have done to nurture, to feed, to clothe, to civilize mankind, we will not now inquire —we desire on this occasion to avoid all sneers against behevolenee—but i the most enlightened - benevolence that ever ye inhabited a - human heart, were night and day, and day and night, to devise schemes of human improvement, it never would effect one tithe of the magnificent benefits which trade, conducted on the principle of self-intere s t, h as conferred on mankind. " The individual," says Dr. SMITH, " neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is pro motingHe ii:tends only it." " his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention. Nor is it always the worse for society that it was no part of it. By pursuing his own interest he frequently pro motes that of society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it. I have never known much good done by those who affected to trade for the public good." We re gard trade, therefore, almost as the reverse of benevolence; it is altogether selfish, and there is but one way of carrying it on. The principle from which it springs must guide it throughout. To make it advantageous it must be always car ried on exclusively with a view to self-advan- __ • mand, and who • drafted the surplus 1130 from the agricultural districts, where they starving, are not to be blamed for having or plied with that demand, and are not, when it'll ° ceased to be made, exclusively to support.t labourers whom they emp l oye d as l ong as OP was for their advantage. At least the loan joi r hers, the money lenders, and the merchall contributed their share to the sti mu l us; they sh sre" the prosperity, and should now share with. a le mill-owner the burden and the adfersity. Of the domestic stimulus to the same exerti we must notice first a succession of boun harvests, which caused the price of wheat t0... 4 1 " to 365. " The four consecutive sea sons , from IT, to 1835," says Mr. T O OK E , " were SiflgUl Xl9 propitious to the growth of wheat; the wheat CO besides, being on an extensive scale, and of improved state of cultivation, produced more, Per acre, taking the ki ng d om th roug h out , than ever before known." Add to that a great a su successive reduction of taxation by the IN: il i g! which left people more to expend on clur4 ll 7 &c., and those alterations in our political i O r d tutions which inspired all c l asses with hope a t enterprise. The people having had then c vo r paratively little to spend on food, clothed the selves better, and th e i r i ncrease d d ema nds, ad 111 to the demands of the foreigner,;compelled 11; erection of more factories. Thus arose a " 0 derful sti mu:us t o enterpr i se on a ll h an ds. . 0 less than 104 Joint- s t oc k B an k s were s tarted 1 1 1 Manchester and Liverpool ; the formation of several railroad s was b egun, an d t h e a ctivity', u p production wa s no t con fi ne d to M anc h es ter nii l oo owners. Every p ar t o f soc i ety s h ar ed in u impulse as well as the Manchester manufacturB'' The landlords and the farmers obtained 114 1 ' 0 rents and increased profits. Even newsPaP e, including the Times, obtained increased circa 04 tion. All c l asses — t h e whole public—bene fits r ; by that prosperity, as well as the factory ov ine t „ , and the whol e p u bli c must, and in fact d oe s, '— the burden of the present want of ernployin ° l t : a It is quite cle ar th at f or t h e st i mu l us 911 51 ; , from reduction of taxation, the legislator i 6 1 , 1 sponsible ; and though i s not responsible .blive I the variations of th e h arves t, i s resP°lls, l Lo ; by confining our peopl e t o t h e i r own soil for l e ifs food, for th ose excess i ve fl uctuat i ons which U r; 0 ,1 would have remedied. Hi s l aw kept I. I P t he P the of food artificially i n E ng l an d , i t p r evente d s • possibility of exporting an y w hen we had ll ; 4 ,;11 plentiful harvest, an d k ept corn ou t, hi s duty, when we b a d t oo li tt l e . Th e 9 t co g ' w og. fore, forbad trade to equalize the effects °f a ing seasons at hom e an d a b roa d, and 809 vat e 0 6 f uall the e v il consequences, b ot h o f a 13°11 and a deficient harvest. a ft °rn Great as w as t h e i n fl uence o f t h e della° t he America, it was not e qua l t o th e influenc e 00 f sea home de man d, t h e var i at i ons i n w hich ) ca °4, ont by the red uct i on an d t h e i mpos i t i on of tala. o . of and by th e var i at i on i n t h e pr i ce and quantity de. food, w ere th e ma i n causes o f t h e i n crease; 0, mand for man u f ac t ures i n t h e fi r st four Y lo st and the fallin g o ff i n th e d eman d during the the four years. We admit the fluctuation s i n oat demand for employment, but we conten a they were caused by the benevolent lawy a as , they are 'not natural to trad e , an d that it is n` ho trously unjust to blame the manufacturer' _ .vii suffers much from these fluctuations, fo r. I) . u , g o caused them. It is still more unjust to , ti . tialt e the blame of them on trade, which woul ll equalized the effects of the seasons, but vial bidden by the benevolent law-maker. The demand for labour i s a l wa ys cont in g ent A . if the supply o f f oo d. I t h as pleased th e f de: " 6 MIGHTY to visit since 1838, with yea rs o cient crops; the law throughout that p eriod b )5' forbidden us to supply as easily and as m uch as 11 it' sible the deficiency. Provisions have been w tin er g e ;l ir a i e n ve t ec.aUs cast United States o u r ow a n nd wa P te o rs lan:l y of the last four years was the consequence .1 and that deficit ~ people were a-hungered. The slackened de o uf t be deficient supply of food, abroad ex Ce the people from bringing it from the self-' ins cs on terms which would not gratify frame al 4 / was mainly caused by the law which prohil 3ut Test of the merchant. trade co. tr no the principle of benevolence, • • st Nvai 6le ducted on the principle of self-mtere for la' oo " cause of the fluctuation in the demand and must bear all the blame. The law, theta, We see with much re Air gret that her Ma.: iest3 e troops, though the detachment was small , h it , v e suffered a severe defeat at Port Natal, a se tt ' meat on the s o uth-eastern coast of Afric.t .. °- official despatch recounting this occurri ace the peared in- our Evening Edition yesterda3- -rt period when a messenger was despa Gibe d Graham's Town with th e i nte lli gence, t he '; maining English, not amount i ng, i t i s s upPesuee.; to 300 men, settlers and a ll, w h o h a d l o st cannon, had to contend behind their intrened, meats, which had already been twice ett aci ‘ f e c e with a force of expert marksm en , amour itingP er bably to ten times their numb er . Th e a lesse ft g o t states that he heard some sharp firs' Bl '` ) o t Natal after he had left it; Captain Sr. JT K ' is the close of his despatch, implies thLII; t r ola almost at the mercy of his opponents; 11P require at least three weeks from the data despatch to convey assistance to him, thoug was immediately despatched, and we th. are afraid that his defeat has bee n /t he lowed by a complia nce w ith the demand• ° ca ll Boers, to evacuat e " a t err it or y which th e Y m vs, their own." This is somewhat disastro' both for the phy s i ca l l oss an d th e a dditiot oo r though it be a trifling one, which it g n oes reputation. Whi g 11 have A s led far at o s g ‘ t v oh e ias re la co . l fi lect the circumstan ces five years a liking i ß ug oerq of satisfied with with the E l s e e ry ttle m rs ac a h nd their cattle,',gieigbliosdhyGoto' Government, and f a a n r drivel. 1rs o; Good Hope, being d is. we English believe, manners,the English regular organ ttl i bounds chief wealth, put their wis ' , Of children, and household furniture into tli oil' wagons,ds and, under regularly chosen chiefs, an' of the colony. In quitting it, the) i li. icnofinuexc' 1 e ° , pA i atlon, they einigravd beyond ..;) he lzheeicr.conaplct:f they . are these ~..._,A. b 0 a t jured none of our compatriots , but left for th ir use the land they had partly. fertilised. Th el went to seek a new home in the wild s of Affit 'll. After wandering for some time, and fligh t ' called the p iNOOi battles, ing some they either c!imed the territory took or par hethezyooifiaxs.ed Fthroemnasealveesibiienf, of b the best IT,irbours on the coast. Here they began to flourish, and the writer of a letter in the Graham's-townabout Port Natal, one paper says it " was hand some to see th e pretty t o ttages and handsome villages of the peaceable Dutch farmers." They established a kind of patriarchal government, of the people, was the principal branch, and seemedl which the Volksraad, a real representation of likely to forget in the new settlement t . lie lea pleasant homes they had left, of these people, amounting- it is supposed tr, The emigration between 1,500 and 1,800 families, their voltra tary departure from a quasi civilisation to seek new homes in the savage wilderness of Africa, is one of the most remarkable episodes in mod ern history. Nor w as the loss of so m any opulent subjects creditable to the Colonial Government of t he Ca p e of Good Hope. U n f o rtunately for the Boers, Port Natal hail p re viously been v i s ited by the English, some of whom had settled there. The English Gover a: men t now claims it as p art of its territory, Ll'ol hence has ar isen a new quarrel between ale Boers, who voluntarily departed from under 'Or Government, and the authorities of the Cape cf Good Hope. It seems they cannot escape frog its power. A s to which party is right we will vt" now v enture to give an opinion ; but the first it tem pt to establish the authority of the Brit $h Government at Port Natal has been eminentlY unsuc cessful. Lord STANLEY w ho, we take it: l ot granted, authorised or sanctioned the expedili°ll' for we remember that he. stated in Parlian)eot that her MAJESTY'S authority was to be m s l°- tained at Port Nat al, will be responsible, We presu me, as well as the authori ties at the ar' for this disaster. We know that it is trifliog 1 ... , ° amount, but everything that affects our Mi.litaii .rte stlt !qe 'till. :L. f '9 , '-t- 34-,, 44 f:, , , .t- ';, h 4d 1 : , 1, c. r `; , }, •.: