The Sun. — London, England, 1856-08-15 00:00:00

I.Zteition SUN OFFICE, Seven o'Clock. LUDLOW RACES—(This Dap•) (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) STEWARDS' CIIP. Whitelock Cock o' the North Seven ran. Maid of C tdiz and Pope Joan fell WESTON STAKES. Eohorng Mary Ann . Two ran. CASTLE HANDICAP. F by Cossack The Abbot . TUNBRIDGE RACES.—(This Day.) (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) HOP STAKES. Caledonia Adamant 2 Three ran. TUNBRIDGE HANDICAP. Fatback Adam Five ran. Won very easily. UNIVERSITY OF LONDON. M.B. FIRST EXAMINATION. ---1856. FIRST DIVISION. Batten R. Winterbotham Broadbent, lWm. Henry Down, John I. Haydon Giles, Joseph Pokes, William Jeaffnson, Gearg,e Edwards Jones, Philip Sydney Liddon, William SiccAma. Rinso Robert Smith, Thomas Parker Smith, William Josiah Watson, William Spencer Williams, Josephus Alex. Medical Schools. St. Bartholomew's Hospital. B. Manchester Sch. of Med. London Hospital. London Hospital. Guy's Hospital. University College. University Colloge. King's College. King's College. Chatham-st., Manchester. St. Bartholomew's Hospital. King's College. Queen's Coll., Birmingham. SECOND DIVISION. Aldersey. William Hugh Guy's Hospital. Bazire, Pietre Victor Braithwaite, James Leeds School of Medicine. Clapton, William St. Thomas's Hospital. Craddock, Samuel Foster. Michael, B.A University College. Grabharn, Geo. Wallington St. Thomas's Hospital. Meeres, Edward Evan King's College. Procter, James Sutton, Henry Gawen King's College. Tonge, Morris Walters, .Tohn Wilson, John King's College; LONDON GAZETTE—(This Evening.) FOREIGN-OFFICE, Aui. 14. The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. Nathaniel Solomon as Consul at St. Helena, for his Majesty the Em. peror of Austria. ~. _ _ _ - The Queen bas also been pleased to approve of Mr. A. V. Colvin as Consul at Demerara for the United States of America. CROWN-OFFICE, AUG. 15. MEMBER RETURNED TO SERVE IN THE PRESIOT PARLIAMENT. County of Kerry—The Honourable Valentine Augustus Browne, commonly called Viscount Castlerosse, of Ken more House, in the county of Kerry, Comptroller of her Majesty's Household. BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, Ave. 14. The Right Honourable the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade and Plantations have received, through the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, a copy of a despatch from her Majesty's Minister at Lisbon, en closing a copy and translation of a law by which vessels entering Portuguese ports with cargoes of grain are placed upon the same footing with regard to the payment of ton nage duties when departing in ballast as vessels leaving with cargoes of national goods. WAR DEPARTMENT, PALL-MALL, AUG. 15. 60th Regiment of Dragoon Guards—Major Wm. Neville Custance to be Lieut.-Colonel. without purchase ; Capt. Chas. Sawyer to be Major, without purchase, vice Cus tance. To be Captains, without purchase—Capt. Henry Brett, from 14th Light Dragoons ; Capt. Chas. Potts Romer, from the 10th Light Dragoons ' Lieut. Ellis B. Cunliffe, vice Sawyer. To be Lieutenants, without pur chase—Lieutenants Wm. Oliver Bird, from the 10th Light Dragoons ; Jas. John Neil, Buchanan, from 10th Light Dragoons ; John Wynter Jas. Gifford, from 3d Dragoon Guards; George Silvaiter Davies, from 10th Light Dragoons; Charles John Heaton Ellis, from 9th Light Dragoons ; John Hudson, from 10th Light Dragoons ; Charles Hill Uni.acke, from 10th Light Dragoons ; Augustus Alfred de Bourbel, from 10th Light Dragoons ; Sydney Vyse. from 10th Light Dragoons. Cornet Baker Creed Russell. To be Lieutenant, by purchase.—Cornet Frederick Shells, vice Murdock, who has retired. To be Cornet, by pur chase.—Henry Reginald Forster, Gent., vice Shells. To be Assistant-Surgeon. Assitant-Surgeon Charles Joules Davenport, M.D., from 6Gth Foot. COMMISSIONS SIGNED BY LORDS-LIEUTENANT. Sherwood Rangers—The Right Hon. Henry Pelham Alexander Pelham Clinton. commonly called the Earl of Lincoln, to be Cornet, vice Eyre, resigned ; Willi am Knight Hamilton Ramsay White, Esq., to be Cornet, vice Gordon, resigned. Oxfordahire Regiment of Militia— Lieutenant Frederick Morton Eden to be Captain, vice Williams, retired ; En sign Charles James Garstin to be Lieutenant, vice Eden, promoted. City of Edinburgh Regiment of Artillery Militia—Win. Downing Bruce, Gent., to be Second Lieutenant, vice Lieut. Wingate, whose commission has been cancelled. NOTICE.- " AZOFF" CLASP. Department of the Accountant-General of the Navy, Admiralty, Somerset House, Aug. 7. Her Majesty havingr been graciously pleased to grant the "Azoff" Clasp to all Officers and Crews of such Ships as served in the Sea of Azoff between the 25th May, 1855, and the 9th Sept., 1855, the names of which are under mentioned, viz. Miranda Swallow Medina Lynx Snake Grinder Clinker Sulina HER MAJESTY'S SHIPS. Vesuvius Stromboli Wrangler Recruit Beagle Boxer Fancy Danube Carlew Ardent Viper Arrow Weser Cracker Jasper Also, the first and second launch of her Majesty's ship Royal Albert - first and second launch of h e r M a j es ty' s ship Hannibal; first and second launch of her Majesty's ship Agamemnon ; first and second launch of her Majesty's ship St. Jean d'Acre ; first and second launch of her Ma jesty's ship Princess Royal ; first and second launch of her Majesty's ship Algiers. Notice i.i hereby given, that all claimants to such clasp, notwith.tandin;; any previous application, should apply personally, or by letter, with the words " Azoff Clasp," on the onti , itle, to the " Accountant• General of the Navy, Admiralty, Somerset House." Every applic Lot most state his rank or rating, and the name of the ship or ships on board which he served. Where there are several claimants on board the same ship, it would be desirable that they should make their applications in one letter, through their Commanding Offi cer, by a list, alphabetically arranged under the names of the ships in which they were serving at the time, and affording the information as above required. BANK OF An Amount pursuant to the Act the Week ending on Saturday ENGLAND. 7th and Sth Victoria, cap 32. fo • tho 9th day of August, 1856. ETMEXT, Government debt.... 11,015,100 Other securities ...... 3,459,900 Gold coin and bullion 11,832,540 Silver bullion.. - £26,307,590 F. R. EISEY. Deputy Cashier. 1856. Government securities (includg.Dead Weight Annuity) 12,010,078 Other securities. ... 14.478,928 Notes ••.. .. • ....... 6,195,000 Gold and silver coin .. 662,355 of& ial assignee, Exeter ; Trenchard, Taunton ; Stogd ir • Exeter. 1 Spirit of the Public Journals. SCOTCH SEQUESTRATIONS. John Ranson Hunter, merchant, Inverness. P. Barry and Co.. commission agents, Glasgow. Alexander Wilson, flesher, Edinburgh. David Reid, wine and spirit merchant, Glasgow. Charles Morrison, farmer, Boghead, Aberdeenshire. (From the Times of this day.) Russia, though with a new Emperor and fresh opportunities, seems far from disposed to enter the path of reform. The obstinate and sullen spirit still lives—humiliations are, it would appear, al most already forgotten, and both Czar and people are as ready as ever to play the old game of pride, violence, and cunning, which was successful for more than 150 years. But we cannot think that at the present time such a display will be success ful. Common prudence would advise a more gra dual and less demonstrative return to the assump tions and menaces of former days. It is but a few months since Russia accepted the terms of peace proposed through Austrian mediation. At that time we were told by the Russian press in Europe of the sincerity and moderation of the Czar. To believe certain prints and certain politicians, Russia was a land of good faith, and her unambitious people were lost iu astonishment at the designs im puted to them by the misguided Cabinets of the West. About last February, when the represen tatives of Europe were to meet in Paris, the tone of every Russian organ was most magniloquent and high-minded. Peace, goodwill to all men, popular instruction, railways, canals, improved agriculture, free trade, were in the heart of every Russian. A smile of good-humoured pity was the answer to those who hinted that Muscovite policy might still remain unchanged, and that it would be as well to take guarantees while we were still strong, unite], and in earnest. All this lasted until peace was made, and Russia obtained conditions with which she had no reason to be dissatisfied. Now, how ever, all is changed. Cronstadt is no longer threatened ; Poland i s f or ever abandoned by. the West, and will be fully Russianised be fore war again visits Europe ; Bessarabia, with the exception of a narrow slip, is preserved ; the Caucasus still remains a Russian possession. The Czar is about to be crowned with much splendour, and all Europe is flocking to the sight. Russia is again taking her stand as a great Power, and is no longer a vast prison, with a Sovereign, nobility, and people placed under the ban of the world. Hence the old, inveterate obstinacy, re vives ; the old cunning is once more to be tried to discover if it can, as of yore, command success. There can be no doubt of the unwillingness of Russia to cede quietly and honourably what has become by treaty the property of the Ottoman State. We shall, perhaps, have it explained with many details that the difficulties we complain of were unavoidable ; that the destruction of Kars and the Danubian forts was strictly legal, and that the occupation of Serpents Island was only some transaction connected with the lighthouse. But facts still remain on record. It is certain that the conduct of the Russians has induced England again to occupy the Black Sea. The Hannibal has been sent to Serpents Island, and sufficient intimation has been given that in the opinion of the allies something like a breach of faith has taken place. Compare the conduct of France and England with that of their late enemy. The allies had more than 250,000 men in the East. They had prepared, far from their own country, immense stores of food, clothing, and warlike material, in expectation of long hostilities. Every man and horse and gun had to be brought away by sea, at a time when transport was scarce and dear. Yet in four months, two-thirds of the time allowed, not only the Crimea but Turkey itself has been cleared of the allied troops. We learn from Constantinople to-day that after the departure of a flotilla then about to sail scarcely a thousand Frenchmen would be left in Turkey. Our own naval and military establish ments have been broken up, and soon Scutari will retain no traces of us except the graves of the dead and the monument which commem orates them. This promptness, so honourable to both nations, has not been imitated by Russia. Although Kars is but some 30 miles from her own frontier, and held but by a few thousand men, she is there still, destroying works, cutting down fo rests, refusing English officers the right of visiting the spot, and, during her little term of power, playing the despot after the fashion of Warsaw or Tiflis. The same is the case at the mouth of the Danube. Russian troops are still there, and will remain until the latest day allowed by treaty, with perhaps the desperate hope that something will happen to enable them to refuse the cession alto gether. The part of Bessarabia which is to be added to the principalities is still in Russian hands, and the Czar raises doubts on the topography, and would, as far as may be judged, from appear ances, gladly evade the condition which for the first time causes his frontier to recede. We do not certainly think that any practical re sult will follow from these litigious and undigni fied displays. The other Powers are far too much in earnest to allow any trifling in matters of such importance. It will be observed that Austria, who perhaps knows her neighbour better than we do, has not yet evacuated the Principalities, al though she ought to have done so some time since. She is, no doubt, waiting until Russia shall have performed her part of the engagement. That when the end of the six months comes we shall see the Russians unwillingly depart is certain enough. We may in future times have to watch their de signs for the recovery of their former territory, but that they will acquiesce for the present we know, because we have the power to enforce it. But the spirit of the Court of St. Petersburg is not the less apparent. It can hardly be to impose on civilised nations that the Russian Sovereign makes this display of impotent obstinacy. Indeed, the im pressions it must leave on Europeans is rather that Russia is weaker and more sorely wounded than was thought. To see her lingering at the spot she must leave, and performing acts of paltry tyranny till the last, cannot raise her in the eyes of German or Italian. But it may he that on some ignorant and confiding races the spectacle of her armed occupation after the Allies have left the East may have an influence. If she holds Kars after France and England have withdrawn their armies from Constantinople, the fact may be ex plained consistently with Russian interests among nations to whom Russia alone speaks. Neverthe less, in the end such subterfuges can be of little avail, and the conduct of Russia, by destroying any nascent feeling of confidence among the Wes tern nations, will bring on her evils far over balancing any advantages which a dilatory evacua tion can procure. COURSE OF EXCHANGE.—Tins DAY. Amster dam............. I 1 17 Gibraltar ••• • •• Dittc , tares months .. 11 19% Leghorn 29 90 gotterla ............. 11 19% Genoa ......... • ~... 45 75 Antw , Jr7 .............. 25 50 Milan Bruoset .. • 25 50 Venice ,nbu rgh ........ ~.. 13 8% N ap l es .• • • 4414 A.t0n5....... Palermo .... Earls . ...• ... 25 30 Messina - Dit9o. Vireo mouths .. 25 62% Lisbo-1 arseillets 25 65 Oporto .............. • • 5271 ; Bourdear.x .......... ! Rio Janeiro ..... .• • .... Frankfot .• .. 120 , Buenos Ayres.... • • Berlin ..,..., ...• New York, 60 days' sight Viet:wt.. • • .... 10 21 , Philadelphia .......... Trieste •• •••.••••••• .• •. 10 23 ' PRICES OP EIILLICN, PEE OZ. Peter,,l Airs ............ 37 3.a Foreign Gold In Bars £3 17 9 lity.tri , 1 .........., 4944 Portugal Gold Coin .. 0 0 0 Co.dix ......... • • ..., 50 1 4 J Mexican Dollars .... 0 5 0 (',arcs lona ............ N ew D ollars ...... 0 0 0 e— - • •• • . — I Sliver in bars .. 00 0 • (From the Daily News of this day.) One day iu the year 1788, a thoughtless " Middy" was leaning over the bulwark of his ship, then anchored off Spithead, listlessly gazing into the water. His captain, who had been pacing the deck, all at once stopped short, tapped him on the shoulder, and pointing to some ships sailing past, said—" Mark those vessels, young man ; they carry in them the germ of a mighty empire." The vessels the captain pointed to were the small squadron in which was embarked the first batch of convicts sent to " Botany Bay." The " Middy" to whom the prophetic words were addressed still lives, an honoured veteran. Year after year passed away, and the future empire seemed in no haste to develope itself. In 1810— twenty-two years after the floating prisons had passed Spithead—New South Wales had only 10,000 inhabitants. In 1817 the summit of the mountain range behind Sydney was crossed for the first time. The exports from the colony were nil ; the imports were convicts, rum, provisions, and slops. The foundation of the colony had been, like everything else done by an English Govern ment, a compromise. For some twenty years before 1788 almost the only punishment in Eng land for all sorts of crimes was the gallows. Men and women were banged for the most dangerous and revolting crimes ; boys and girls were hanged for picking pickets of a few shillings. They were ' strung up by the dozen or half-dozen at a time. Men grew sick of this. The idea of reformatory punishment dawned on their minds. Bentham promulgated his scheme of a Panopticon. Minis ters shrunk aghast from such a daring innovation. Then Mr. Eden came forward, with his scheme of a penal colony. Before the American revolution a considerable proportion of the crime-class of Eng land had been absorbed by the North American colonies. A class of speculators had sprung up, who took convicts off the hands of a Government which knew not what to make of them, and sold them to " the plantations." The young republic refused to remain the moral dunghill of England, and as no other way of disposing of the surplus gaol-birds on hand occurred to the English Govern ment they were hanged up to get rid of them. On this hint Mr. Eden spoke ; he would create a new colony to receive the convicts, whose hanging the public would no longer tolerate. There was a pre cedent for this proposal, and that is all in all with English statesmen. Besides, it promised to relieve them of the difficult practical question, what was to be done with the convicts when released from prison. Eden's compromise between the gallows and the Panopticon was snatched at, and an Act of Parliament was passed for the settlement of " Botany Bay." Having achieved this great feat the Government and the Legislature sat down to take breath, and thought no more of the experiment they had initi ated. The criminals, and the soldiers sent to guard them, were left to shift for themselves. The spot on which they settled was ill-adapted for tillage ; and none of them had any notion of such employ ment. Year after year fresh gangs of convicts were fnt out. Prisoners and gaolers had alike to be clothed and victualled from the old country. " Bo tany Bay," as it was long called—or Sydney—was merely a larger prison, with an arid soil for floor, and the ocean and sterile mountains for walls. THE SUN, LONDON .PREDAI EVEN AUGUST 15 185 The no-discipline of English prisons was faithfully copied at the Antipodes. The criminals herded to gether, and made each other worse. Their gaolers tried to prevent them from escaping, and donie times knocked a refractory subject on the head. The so-called colony became a hell upon earth. It cost England an immense sum of money eVery year. Bet then the convicts were got out of the way, and men were not so often shocked by hang ing matches. littit4 AN DUB LIN, TuulsruY IVA 61114.41 NAyroNAL CATTLE SHOW. The Royal A.grieultdial improvement Society held their annual cattle show at Athlone yester day. tiering tel the very unfavourable staid lei the weather during the earlier part of the day the attendance of visitors was rather Meagre, but sub sequently the rain having ceased the show-yard rapidly filled with crowds of spectators from all parts of Ireland. The exhibition of stock of all kinds is described as being unusually fine. The first prize in short-horned bulls, calved between jai:wary, 1851, and 1854, was awarded to Grand Turk, be longing to Mr. Henry Ambler, of Watkinson-hall, Halifax. Lord Clancarty's short-horned roan bull, Pro Bono Publico, took the second prize. The Lord-Lieutenant was present, and in the course of the day a congratulatory address was presented by the town commissioners, to which his Excellency replied as folllows : " Gentlemen--I beg to return my sincere thanks to the Commissioners of Athlone for the expressions alike of respectful loyalty and friendly welcome with which they have greeted me on my visit to their ancient bo rough. Its old and almost pre-historical name of Ath- Lunn. or the Ford of Luan,' the scene of many a struggle between conflicting tribes and jealous races, affords a striking contrast to the spectacle it now pre sents, when, as the centre of the inland communication of the kingdom, it has brought this large and peaceful concourse of its inhabitants together to witness the bloodless triumphs of agricultural industry. I trust that your community will ever entertain the noble re solution of keeping due pace with the manifold advan tages of your local position and the general improve ment and progress of Ireland." The banquet took place in the evening. The Duke of Leinster, as president of the society, pre sided, and the guests comprised the Lord-Lieute nant, the Earl of Erne, Lord Mouck, Lord Talbot de Malahid e , L or d lancarty, Lord Clonbrock, Lord Castlemaine, Lord Clifton, Sir T. Redington, Judge Keogh, and many of the leading gentry of Westmeath, Roscommon, and the neighbouring counties. The usual loyal toasts having been given and responded to, " The health of the Lord-Lieu tenant" was proposed amid great cheering. His Excellency replied at considerable length, and, inter a/ia, supplied some highly interesting facts connected with the annual return of agricultural statistics which have not yet been officially promul gated by the Registrar-General. After alluding to the historic recollections attached to the old town of Athlone, the central garrison of Ireland, Lord Carlisle proceeded as follows : " Where could we have placed Irish agriculture upon a more befitting throne I Nor are there wanting some very gratifying points of contrast with the times that have passed away. This same majestic Shannon for merly separated Connaught almost as a distinct country from the rest of Ireland. Sometimes, indeed, Connaught was represented as being one side of a less political alter native—(laughter and applause)—and this very year the most brilliant of historians has described to us how that inhabitants of the same realm guarded these lines, and watched these fords, and reddened these plains in deadly conflict. (Hear.) Now this same stream washes the confines of ten peaceful Irish counties and benefits them all, and, as on this day, brings together a large unarmed assembly to meet in peaceful lists where there is no more destructive rivalry than that between polled Anguses and Berries. (Loud cheers.) While on the subject of this great river, I may state much pains have been taken of late years to heighten its natural capa• bilities by improving the navigation and by diminishing the overflow of its banks, to which it was so much sub ject ; and I am not sure whether our great Imperial ally might not borrow some very useful hints from us as to how to deal with these disastrous inundations, which on a larger scale have so recently occurred on the banks of the Loire and the Rhone. (Cheers.) But with re spect to ourselves, this deepening of the channel of rivers and strengthening of their courses, and the reduction of their waters to theirsummer level, prepare the way most usefully for thorough drainage, and I rejoice to find how much of that beneficial work is going on over Ireland generally. I have learned that since 1843 no less than 176,000 acres have been drained by the Board of Works, and I imagine more than double that area by private hands; and sub-soil draining and surface draining on mountain lands have been attended with like benefieial results to the upland farmer and grazier. Now, I need not point out to the practical and enlightened men who now surround me how all-important drainage must be to a country like Ireland, where the insular climate must ' necessarily cause so great an abundance of moisture, and where we cannot always rely on the brilliant sunshine with which we were favoured during the last fortnight. Nei. can I be debarred, even by the golden promise of the harvest which now gladdens our eyes, from urging you to bear in mind that what Nature in her wise eco nomy seems specially to have fitted this island for is to be the mother of flocks and herds—to be, if I may so say, the herd and the dairy of the world—to send rations of beef and bales of bacon to our armies wherever they are, whether they are to -be found, as many of our friends here to-night can speak of their being, upon the distant ridges of the Caucasus, and to send firkins of butter to every sea and harbour of the habitable globe. (Hear, hear.) Within the last twenty years more than a million of Irish acres have been reclaimed from the waste. In 1841 to eight millions of people there were 13,000,000 of cultivated acres in Ireland. Now perhaps more than a million has been subtracted from the population, and more than a million acres has been added to the cultivated area. (Hear, hear.) I wish, however, not to deal in generalities on a subject of this sort, but will confine myself to the actual progress as contrasted between the present year and that which im mediately preceded it. I derive my information from the very valuable returns collected by the constabulary of this country ; and this is a matter in which I conceive that you in Ireland have got a material start over your proud neighbours in England. These returns, as you are well aware, are collected anneally, and, be it spoken to the great credit of the Irish gentry, farmers, and peo ple, they are furnished voluntarily, and rare indeed are the instances in which the information requested is not supplied with alacrity and good will. (Cheers) Well, I find from these returns, which have not yet been given to the public—the time has not yet arrived for their being sufficiently matured for the purpose—l find that, comparing this year with the last, there is a decrease of some amount in the growth of oats and barley, hut there is an increase in the growth of wheat of 83,683 acres. The increase in green crops amounts to no less than 114,774 acres ; and, though I must admit potatoes are by far the largest portion, yet I am in hopes that pota toes themselves are grown now more as a farmer's crop than with a view to the exclusive subsistence of the cat tle. The increase in flax, which I sin especially glad to learn coven 90,000 acres, and the increase of the whole extent under tillage this year, as compared with the last, amounts to 65,773 acres. So, with respect to livestock, the increase in the number of horsesainounte to 18,000 ; of head of cattle to 25,000 ; of the number of sheep to 90,000. There is a very large decrease observable in pigs, amounting to no less than 250,000 ; but it is thought by those who are charged with the collection of these returns that it is owing to theirhaving been made up at an earlier period than usual, for I believe the farmers generally like to have their pigs to feed when they have the largest quantity of actual produce to give them. However, that is a matter which must be tested by subsequent expe rience. I have the pleasure of seeing opposite to me on this occasion a most useful public officer, Mr. Donnelly, and 1 cannot see him without rememb ring that both he and I have together striven to inculcate how much u3e it would he to effect a still larger destruction of roadside , weeds. Ido not like to go over ground which I have travelled before, and I believe and hope much has been done, and is doing in this respect. I know that some railway companies have been good enough to give very useful directions on this head, and I believe both they, and grand juries, and road coutractore, and proprietors at large, might do still more. I do not wish at all to treat even the unproductive pauper as a human weed— I should be very sorry to represent him in that light— but I am happy to say that this crop shows a great defi ciency as compared with its state last year, for, upon inquiring the numbers in the workhouses, I am happy to find that in the last week there were 17,771 fewer than in the same week in August, 1855, and there are 1,571 less last week than the week before. (Hear, hear.) Indeed there is no circumstance in the present social condition of Ireland which inspires me with more satis• faction than what I believe to be the rise, perhaps the gradual but the general rise, perhaps the slow, but I believe the certain, and I trust permanent rise, in the rate of wages. An dif there are any here to whom that has a less comfortable sound, I would invite him to remember that low wages by no means always represent cheap labour—(loud cheers)— and that no real or deep seated or permanent prosperity can be expected in the country unless it is grounded upon a prosperous and contented tenantry, and labouring class ; and, let me add, that it is thus, amid the harmony of classes, the co-operation of interests, the blessings of external peace and internal concord, that I trust the Royal Agricul tural Society is destined to pursue its honourable and beneficent career." (Loud cheering.) The other principal speakers were Lord Erne, Lord Clonbrock, Lord Clancarty, and Mr. Justice Keogh. The latter concluded an animated address in these terms : "There are subjects on which no man can for a moment admit himself to be ignorant, questions which, while they do not trench in any way on the disputed regions of politics, on which we are never at liberty at meetings of this kind to touch, yet all must know to be fostered, to be encouraged by the exertions of the Royal Agricul tural Society of Ireland. They met together with no selfish ends, except in the most enlarged sense in which all men may be supposed to be actuated by selfish mo tives—namely, the increasing the general . store of wealth and improving the character of the country which they all love. But this society, meeting for the purpose of diffusing useful knowledge among the humblest as well as the highest classes of the community, spreading among the peasantry of the land that information which is calculated to improve their condition and raise them in the scale of their fellow-creatures—(hear)—and surely it is not necessary for me or for any one to go outside the limits of this room to see how meetings such as this are calculated to bring men together on occasions when they can assemble without any difference of party or re ligious conflict—and forgetting those topics on which unfortunately they may differ, combines in one common concord for the common benefit of its country. Surely also we can see in the observations which have been made by his Excellency this evening one of the most dis tinct and clear marks of the regeneration of Ireland, when he reminded us, and reminded us so appropriately, that upon the banks of this river, which at sno distant It so happened that among the officers of the corps of regimented gaolers at Sydney, there were one or two eannie Scots. Partly to dispel ennui, and partly to make money, they imported a few sheep and rams, and commenced farming. They engaged to relieve the Governor of the charge of a certain number of convicts provided he would ob tain for them grants of land, and allow them to employ the men without paying wages. They laid claim to sundry other privileges, of which the most important was a monopoly of the rum imported into the colony. This rum became the currency with which they paid their way. Most of them made fortunes by the sale of their farm produce. Hence arose in time a New South Wales aristoc racy, a free commonalty, composed of convicts whose term of punishment had expired, and a num ber of white slaves. Free adventurers from the mother country began to drop in, hoping to parti cipate in the prosperity of the military aristocracy, and by means of patrons at the Colonial-office ob tained grants of land and white slaves. Now began a stormy era. The rum-monopoly aristocracy rose in rebellion against one Governor who would not obey them, and deposed him. His successors trimmed and veered between the rum aristocracy and the expirees, and the convicts, who made com mon cause with the latter. One Governor laid down the law that the colony was founded for the convicts, and that free immigrants had no business there. His Excellency introduced a compendious classification of the inhabitants into convicted and unconvicted felons. Political asperities were now combined with the most demoralising social influences. There were scarcely any women in the colony. The men were, for the most part, brutal tyrants or felon slaves. In 1832 the population had increased to 46,000, but in the forty-fourth year of the colony's existence it had not become self-supporting. A Pandemonium in itself, it was threatening to convert all the islands of the South Sea into refuges for buccaneers. In almost every island of the Pacific were to be found one or two escaped convicts, imparting to the na tives the vices without the virtues of civilised society. From th• English Government there was no help. The convicts had been got out of sight, and the " respectability" of England felt comfortable. A knot of benevolent one-idea• I enthwiasts, whose whole souls were engrossed with the abolition of the slave trade and negro slavery in the British possessions, had made a lodgment in the Colonial office. Their contests with the West Indian plan ters inspired them with an aversion for all colo nists. Their sole aim seemed to be the establish ment of a mother•country despotism in the old colonies, and the prevention of the settlement of new. But there is a vis medicatrix in the healthy con stitution of English Society. The increase of free immigrants, and the horrors of an exclusively penal settlement, had brought into life a party in Now South Wales which demanded the abolition of con vict transportation to that colony. About the same time the idea that emigration was a panacea for the evils of a redundant labouring population in the old country had taken possession of the minds of some intelligent leaders of public opinion in England. From these two sources came motions in Parliament for committees of inquiry into the Transportation system, and associations to promote systematic colonisation out of doors. We have not time at present to enter into the details of the agitation of these subjects which pervaded the country and the Australian colonies from 1836 till the commencement of the late war. But its fruits appear in the news brought from Australia by the Royal Charter, and published in our yesterday's impression. In Australia there are now some half a-million of white settlers. There are six orga nised colonies (including New Zealand), with the prospect of a seventh being soon added at Moreton Bay. None of these are penal settlements except Van Diemen's Land and Western Australia. One-half of the wool annually imported into Great Britain comes from our Australian colonies. Melbourne alone exports annually a hundred tons of gold to Eng land. Australia produces grain and cattle more than sufficient for its own consumption. A rising sea-borne traffic is carried on from the colonies to India, China, and the islands of the South Sea. Australia has its colleges, its schools, its infant manufactories, its museums, collections of paint ings, and theatres. Above all, it has got respons ible parliamentary government. Some relics of the original taint of the convict settlement ma y still be detected, but with every year they are be coming less. Something of the lawless spirit of the pioneers of the desert at time breaks out, but it is as nothing to what has been witnessed in Califor nia. With the same indomitable spirit of enter prise that characterises the North American ad venturers in new lands, the Australians combine much of the respect for law and order that charac terised the original settlers of New England. Our aged friend who saw the first batch of con victs set sail for "Botany Bay" will not survive to see Australia a great empire. But he has lived long enough to be favoured with a Pisgah glimpse of that consummation. The time when Australia will be severed from the parent state is yet distant, but come it must; and then there will be a third great nation of English race to hold the balance between England and the United States. To the living men of England and Australia it is given to decide, in a great measure, what shall be the cha racter of this third nation. The old country's part in this great task is obvious : to leave to Australian energy to develope Australian resources and frame Australian institutions, and to rest satisfied with supplementary efforts to aid the struggles of their brave countrymen at the Antipodes. What Aus tralia is it has become in spite of the thwarting and cramping influence of successive English Govern meets. 'What Australia is yet to become must be mainly the work of the Australians themselves, but let us hope that they will themselves enjoy the sympathising aid of the English Governmeut, as they have all along done of the English people. And let us also keep in mind that the tentative improvement in our penal law—which led to the first settlement in Australia—has as yet made very short and very slow progress. [ADVEnTISEMENTd—Du Barry's delicious Revalenta Arabica Food invariably restores health, without medicine, inconve nience, or expense, as it saves fifty times its cost in other remedies, and removes indigestion (dyspepsia), flAtulency, constipation, nervous, bilious, and liver com plaints, cough, asthma, consumption, 'and debility. We extract a few out of 59,000 testimonials of cures, which had resisted all medicines. Cure No. 4,2oB.—Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with cramps, spasms, and nausea, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious food in a very short time.—Rov. John W. Flavell, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk. From the Dowager Countess of Castlestuart.—Cure 52,612.—Rosstrevor, County of Down, Ireland, 9th December, 1851.—The Dowager Countess of Castlestuart feels induced, in the interest of suffering huma nity, to state that Du Barry'sexcellent RovalentaArabica Food has cured hor, after all medicines had failed, of indigestion, bile, great nervousnessand irritability of many years' standing. This food deserves the confidence of all sufferers, and may be considered a blessing. Inquiries will be cheerfully answered. Supported by testimonials from the celebrated Professors of Chemistry Dr. Andrew Uro ; Dr. Shorland ; Dr. Harvey ; Dr. Campbell ; Dr. Gattiker ; Dr. Wurzer ; Dr. Ingram ; Lord Stuart de Decies ; the Dowager Countess of Castle stuart; Major-Gen. Thomas King, and many other respectable persons, whose health has been restored by it, after all other means of cure had failed. Suitably packed for all climates, with full instructions. In canisters, 51bs., lls. ;121b5., 225. ; super-refined, llb., 6s. ; 21bs., lie. ; bibs., 225. ; 1011 m., 335. Tho 101bs. and 121bs. carriage free, on receipt of post-office nrder. Barry du Barry and. Co., 77, Regent-street, London ; Fortnum, Mason, and Co., Purveyors to her Majesty, Picca dilly ; also at 60,Gracechurch-street ; 33J and 451, Strand; 4r, 4 r , Choapside ; 68, Cornhill ; 49, Bishopsgate - stroet ; 55, Char. ing-cross ; 54, Upper Baker-street; 63 and 157, 'Oxford. street. [ADVIIRTIRAMENT.I SIGHT AND MCARIND SPECTACLES, POWERFUL TELESCOPES, OPERA, RACE, AND PERSPECTIVE Grassos.—Messrs. S, and B. Solomons, opticians, 30, Mho marle-street, Piccadilly. Observe—opposite the York Hotel. By leer Majesty's Royal Letters Patent for valuable and extraordinary improvements iu the most powerful and brilliant Telescopes, Camp, Racecourse, Opera, and Per spective Glasses, to know the distances. These telescopes possess such extraordinary powers that some three and a-half inches, with an extra eye-piece, will show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring, and the double stars. With the same telescope can be seen a person's countenance three miles and a half distant, and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They are of larger and sizes, with increasing powers accordingly,—T oe Royal Exhibition, 1851. Valuable, newly-invented, very small, powerful waistcoat-pocket glass, the size of a walnut, by which a person can be seen and known 1i miles distant ; they answin. every purpose on the race-course, and at the opera houses, country scenery, and ships are clearly seen at 8 to 10 miles. They are invaluable for shooting, deer-stalking, yachting, t o sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, and tourist s . O pera, race-course, camp, and perspective glasses, with wonderful power. Newly-constructed Spectacle Lenses of the great est transparent power. The valuable advantage derived from this invention is, that vision becoming impaired is preserved and strengthened, and very aged persons are enabled to employ their sight at the most minute occu. pation- can see with these lenses of a much less magniCy. ing power—and they do not require the frequent changes to the dangerous effects of further powerful assistance. Persons can be suited at the most remote part of the world, by sending one of the glasses out of their spectacles in a letter, and stating the distance from the eyes they can read small newspaper print with it; and those who have not made use of spectacles by stating their age,—Deaf ness. —New Di scov ery. The OrganiC Vib r at or , an ex traordinary powerful, small, newly-invented instrument f( r deafness, entirely different from all others, to surpass any thing of the kind that has been or probably ever • - .4in be, produced. Being of the same colour as the skin, is not per- ceptible ; it enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at church and at public assemblies; the unpleasant sensation of singing noises in the ears is entirely removed ; and it!affords all the assistance that possibly could be desired.-30, Albemarle. atreet o Piccadilly. Oliserve—oppooito the York Hotel. • • 18Stril DR? A Notes Is= Xi ...... • • 26.307,590 Z 26,307,57-0 Dated the 14th day or August, BANICING Dg 4 PrOprietors' capital .. I 4.553.(100 Rest •••• • • •. 8,456,786 Public deposits (In cludinz Exchequer, Commissioners of xratinn.i •Say files Banks, and IA vidend 2wczants) 4,285.108 Other denocit , ...... 10,153,804 Seven Day and other ____ Bills •• .7. ••••- .. - 897,663 433,346,361 -- 4 J. R. EMM 33,346,351 Y, Deputy Cashier. Dated the 14th day of August, 1856. AVERAGE PRICE OF SUGAR. The Average Price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar ' corn. puted from the returns maclein the week ending A u A. 12, 1856. exclusive of the Duties of Customs paid or payable ' thereon, on the importation thereof into Groat Britain. From the British Possessions in America 3ls. 'lid. Muscovado, the produce of the Mauritius Muscovado, the produce of the East Indies Average of the two foregoing descriptions BANKRUPTS. William Puddicombe, ironmonger, Bridge-street, South wark. to stir-re/der August 26 and October 9, at one, at the Court ct taLicruptcy. Whitmore, official assignee, Basinghail-street ; Chidley, Gresham-street. Robert King, woollen draper, Knaresborongh, Aug. 29 and Sept. 19, at eleven, at the Leeds District Court. Young, official assignee, Leeds ; Simpson. Leeds. Loveridge Hart, H owford•buildings, Fenchnrch-street, City, Aug. 26, nt halt-past eleven, and Oct. 3, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Whitmore, official assignee, j:Niinehall-street ; J. and S. Solomon, Finsbury-place, ineburrequare. John itienaritson, stationer. Whitby, Aug. 29 and Sept 19, at e l even , at the Leeds District Court. Young, offi cial assignee, Leeds ; Strangways, King's Bench-road Bed f ord-rory ; Snowdon and Emmet, Leeds, Myer Henry Meyer , spirit me rc h ant, Great Prescott man's-fields, Aug. 26, a t twelve, aaannd, Oct. 3, official street, Gond at eleven, at the Cour t of Bankru ptcy. Canaan, ass i gne e, Aldermanbury; Spyer and Son, Broad -street buildings. Robert Newman, chemist, Taunton, Aug. 27, and Sept. 26, at one, at the Exeter District Court. THIEVES AND POLICE. The new number of the Quarterly Review contains a curious article entitled "Police and the Thieves." We give A few sentences : " The most trivial hint will suffice to put the detective or, the right track; for, like men accustomed to work in the dark, things which to other persons appear invisible, to them appear clear as noonday. The gossiping ten dency of neighbours is especially useful in worming out secrets. To obtain a single link in a chain of facts they mil l often hang about a house for months, interrogating the newspaper lad, waylaying the servant girl as she goes for her supper beer, and picking all he wants to know out of her as easily as Hobbs picks a lock ; and with quite as little consciousness on the part of the pevois operated upon. Between the detective and the thief there is no ill blood. When they meet, they give an odd wick of recognition, as much as to say, on the thief's part, 'l'm quite sate, you know ;' and the detective replying with a look, of which the interpretation is, We shall be better acquainted by-and-bye.' Both feel they are using their wits to get their living, and there is a sort of tacit understanding that each is entitled to play his game as well as he can. Swell mobsmen may at once be recognised by a certain ultra-foppishness of dressing, and an excess of jewellery, whereas the aim of a professor of the conveying art' is to go about his occupation un observed, for to be known to the police is to be disap pointed of booty. He has his clothes made by the most correct tailor, and gets himself up as much a gentleman as possible. The necessities of his art, it is true, oblige him to carry a coat over his arm in all weathers, but so may any veritable man of fashion without creating suspicion. Still, though he may manage to pass free in a crowd and frequent fashionable assemblies with out being suspected by the public, the professed thief catcher is rarely to be deceived by appearances. As the hunter marks his quarry by peculiar signs known only to his craft, so the detective can at once ascertain whe ther the fine gentleman walking carelessly along is wrong,' as the slang term is, or a respectable character. The principal sign, it seems, is the wandering of the eye. While those around are listening to a speaker, or wit nessing a spectacle, his orbits are peering restlessly around, and when the thief-taker sees this he knows his man. Pickpockets are essentially cowards, both morally and physically, and they generally come down at once to save trouble, as the opossums were wont to do when they spied that dead shot, Col. Crockett. "At the opening of the Crystal Palace, a party of de tectives distributed among the crowd observed several foreigners looking about them in a manner calculated to rouse their suspicions. These individuals were immedi ately taken into custody, notwithstanding their strong and vehement expostulations made in very good French ; it turned out that they were Belgian police, sent over at the request of our Government to keep a look-out on the maitoctis sides of their own nation. It appears that in stealing watches from the person the ring of the watch is wrenched off with the utmost ease, as the purchase upon it is very great ; and a police magistrate of large expe rience has suggested that the way to baffle that game is to make the ring work upon a swivel ; and anybody that adopts that idea in the manufacture of time nieces, and advertises accordingly, is likely to derive a tolerable stroke of business in anti-extractable tickers. These might be in scribed as Spooners,' by way of indicating at once the place they Came from, and the class of people they would be particularly useful to—namely, the Exeter-Hallites, for of all the varieties of the genus flat, there is none so soon hooked by a London sharper as the genuine no- Popery man, and the season be is in finest condition is during the May nieetings. If these people escape the hustle on the hall stairs, they are waited on with more attention in the omnibus. They lodge or visit for the short period of their sojourn to town either at Is lington, Clapham, or Camberwell, and the conveyances are followed by the fraternity as certainly as a sick ship in the tropics is followed by the sharks. "Omnibuses are generally worked by a man and a wo man. The woman seats herself on the right hand side of the most respectable looking female passenger she can see, and the man, if possible, takes a place opposite. He stares the victim out of countenance, and while confused by his impertinence, the pal, by the aid of a cloak thrown over her arm, or, if a man, by passing his hand through the pocket of his cloak, made open on the inside for the purpose, is able to rifle her pockets at leisure. If the victim be a middle-aged or elderly lady, her atten tion is engaged in conversation while the clearing-out process is going on ; the trick done, the confederates get out at the first convenient opportunity. Lately the run of thieves seems to be chiefly in the direction of the church, where they gr), prayer-book in hand, and plunder almost with impunity. It is remarked that the dress of the females is perfect enough, but with them, as with most members of the swell mob, the finish is entirely on the outside. They have scarcely any edu cation, and the moment they open their lips they betray themselves. The shoplifters are thus frequently con victed out of their own mouths, as in the instance of a lady-like female not long ago asking for some " wallen clans,' which caused her to be watched, and presently she was detected secreting a card of valuable lace. It also appears that the extent of pilfering carried on by ladies of rank and position is very great. There are per arms possessing a mania of this kind so well known among the sbopkeeping community that their addresses and descriptions are passed from hand to band for mutual security. The attendants allow them to secrete what they like without seeming to observe them, and after wards send a bill, with the price of the goods purloined, to their houses." FRENCH RAILWAYS.—The letters from Paris mention that it has been calculated the revenues of the different French railways for the past half-year will yield, at pre sent prices, the follnwing rates of distribution : Northern, 5 8.10 ; Orleans, 5 7.10 ; Lyons, 5 8 10 ; Western, 5 1-10 ; and Strasburg, 8 3-10. In the latter company new stares have been issued which will participate in the whole receipts at the end of the year, and thus reduce the rate to a level with the others. The Essex Herald tells a story of an innocent man convicted. Some time since a man named Jackson was committed from this (Chelmsford) bench on the charge of breeking into a shoemaker's shop at Writtle, more than a year ago, and stealing nine pairs of hoots from Mr. Saltwell, for whom he had before worked. The evidence appeared very coriclueive. The policeman who stopped the thief, with the boots in his pos B.ssieri, in Writtle, in the night soon after the robbery had been committed, hut from whom he escaped, swore very positively to him. The prisoner, however, asserted that he was at work in Buckinghamshire at the time ; this he repeated at his trial at the recent assizes, but he was convicted. It has now been ascertained that the prisoner's story was correct. Mr. Woollard, a boot and shoe maker at Stony Stratford, in Buckinghamshire, stated that from June to September, 1855, the prisoner was in his service, work ing for him, and that during that period he was never absent for a whole day. As Stony Stratford is 84 miles from Chelmsford, and the robbery was committed on the 9th Aug., it was clear the prisoner was not the thief. The form of a free pardon will be necessary, and will probably be granted. NEW LORD MAYOR'S COURT.—Although the Lord Mayor's Court has existed for many centuries as a court of law, there has never yet been a fixed court appropri ated to the trials of actions brought in it. In conse quence of the inconvenience felt by the judges in being shifted about from courts to council chambers and com mittee rooms, and the difficulty suitors and witnesses felt in finding where the sittings were held, the corpora. tion has decided on building a new court. Workmen are now busy in laying the foundation of the new building. It is situated at the west end of Guildhall, and occupies that part where the kitchens for merly stood. The entrance is to be from Guildhall, and the offices that were formerly the comptroller's offices will in future be attached to the court. It is in contem plation to make an entrance into the private room of Mr. Martin, the chief clerk of the justice room, with the view of using that as a retiring room for the jury as oc casion may require. As this court sits but seldom, and at very irregular intervals, it might be used as a justice room when not required for its own trials. Such an arrangement would be very desirable, as the noise of carriages frequently interrupts the business of 'the pre sent police court. POETICAL RECREATIONS OF MR. JOHN BRIGHT, M.P. —The Inverness Advertiser gives the following extract from the visiting-book of the inn at Drumnadrochit as " the veritable production of no less exalted and demure a personage than Mr. John Bright, M.P.:"-- " In Highland glens 'tis far too oft observed " That man is chased away and game preserved. "Glen Urquhart is to me a lovelier glen ; Here deer and grouse have not supplanted men." CHARGE OF MANSLAUGHTER.—A man named John Sorrell was on Saturday committed to Exeter Gaol charged with the manslaughter of his brother-in-law, named William Mit c h ell. Both parties resided at Ash, in North Devon, and h a d b een together to a place calle d Sheepwash on the previous Thursday. On their return home in company with other persons the brothers•in law quarrelled and fought, in the course of which llor rell kicked deceased in a brutal manner in the lower part of the abdomen. He was assisted home, and rut fered indescribable agony till the following evening, when be died. A letter from Sulina, on the Lower Danube, of the 6th, says that Mehemed Liva Pacha, on arriv ing in that place, received orders to come to an understanding with the Austrian commander rela tive to the execution of the instructions which the latter was about to receive from Vienna, and that in the meantime Sulina was to remain in the hauds of the Austrians. The works at the mouth of the river were advancing favourably. time were anly distinguished by the conflict of races and the struggles of contending nations, how the represen tai,ive of the Sovereign of this realm can not ohly ap proach but can make his way into the centre of that pro yin of Gunnaugbt, where, formerly, the representative of the tirotearchs of England were defied and forbidden to pass. (Year,) le can now go there, and can see that be has secured the allegiauge and the affection of that pro - lingo with far firmer bonds than any by which in this country they were secured to any Sovereign, be cause he wing than by relying on and existing in the warm hearts and tend!» affections of the people. (Ip platts4s)." ItHE NAVAL SQUADRON AT CORK The accounts from Cork this morning announce that the ships of war the Wellington, the Con (perm gun-boat, and the Admiralty yacht Osborn, returned to Queenstown on Tuesday, after having cruised westward to Bantry-bay. Their Lordships left their yacht to visit Killarney, and returned by the mid-day train on Wednesday. A number of the officials of Cork and Queenstown were to be en tertained that evening by their Lordships at the Queen's Hotel. THE REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND ART. The country is now - beginning to reap some of the first fruits of the Great Exhibition of 1851. Previous to that period instruction in s cience and art had ebbed to an unusually low point. In 7.840 the Society of Arts was reduced to such straits that ;t became doubtful whether it would long continue in existence. About this period,. however, Prince Albert began to aka active interest in its affairs and in the advancement of ,science, and from him and this body originated the Great Exhibition. which far surpassed the most sanguine expectations of its promoters, not .only having been se;f-paying, but leaving a large surplus to be devoted to the advance of science. By the impetus thus given, the Department of Science and Art was formed, under the direction of Dr. Lyon Playfair, and, considering the short time that it has been in existence, the results must appear to every one, who takes an interest in the subject, as very encouraging. The third report of the working of this department gives full details of what has been done and what is in progress, and so various are the subjects on which it is engaged, and so quietly are the affairs of this department managed, that a large portion of the public are in ignorance that such extensive scientific pursuits and series of instructions are being carried on. It may he well, therefore, to throw a light upon the question, so that those who are striving after knowledge may know where to look for it. First of all, then, under the direction of Sir R. Mur- ' chison, Professor Ramsay, and Professor J. B. Jukes ; , a complete geological survey of Great Britain and Ireland is being carried on. During the year in England and Ireland 2,700 square miles of field work have been met , cuted. Portions of these surveys relate to the coalfields of the central counties, and include 127 miles of horizon tal sections, illustrating not only the known miner: tl wealth, but also the probable depth at which the coat bearing strata may be reached beneath the broad bands; of red rocks which rest upon them. These surveys are printed in coloured maps, and their importance will be at once apparent to all. With reference to mines, it has been found advisable to institute a Mining Record Office, for the purpose of obtaining information of the state and productiveness of all the mines in the kingdom. The inspector has published as the result of his inquiries important statistical returns regarding the produce of tin, copper, lead, and silver for 1853 and 1854, and of iron, coal, and other minerals for the same period. From these returns it appears that the annual drain on our coa l fields is about sixty-four millions of tone, a quantity much larger than was formerly believed to be the case. This is a very important fact, and will tend to lead to inquiries for new sources of supply. In connection with this department is the Metropolitan School of Science as applied to mining and the arts. This school gives syste matic instruction during the day to matriculated stu dents, and short eourses of lectures in the evening to the working classes. The subjects treated on are chemistry, physics, metallurgy, mining, mineralogy, geology, natu ral history, and applied mechanics. The average num ber of students during the year had been 86. This shows a considerable increase, and is, moreover, very gratifying, inasmuch as a considerable portion of the student! in previous years consisted of officers both in her Majesty's and the East India Company's service, who have been unable, in consequence of the war, to continue their attendance. An evening course of lectures, intended chiefl' for schoolmasters, but open to others, has been given during the past year, and attended by 64 persons, of whom 17 were schoolmasters. The museum. in Jermyn-street has been opened to the public for five days in the week, and the number of visitors during the year was 13,000. But of all the various offshoots of the department, those which are regarded with the deepest interest are the Training School of Art, and the Female Art School. The training school was founded for the teaching of mas ters to take charge of different provincial schools in the course of formation. It was felt that it would be im possible to find teachers qualified for the duties, without first making them real masters of their subjects. Of these 36 have obtained certificates for the first group of subjects, 7 for the second group, and 12 for the sixth. The subjects for which the students are examined in the different groups comprise elementary drawingand colour. ing, painting, with examination in styles of art. Figures drawn and painted, modelling ornaments, and examination for technical knowledge in matters con nected with art. There are now added for the in struction of the training masters, classes for porcelain ' painting, wood engraving, lithography, textile orna ment, practical construction, and mechanical draw ing, which shall enable the masters to acquire that knowledge which may render their services immediately available to the manufacturers of the town in which they are placed. It will be seen, therefore, that the course of instruction pursued is one sufficiently arduoss, and the examination calculated to adequately test the qualifications of the candidates. The necessity for schools of this kind has been long felt, as our manufacturers have hitherto been unable to compete with our neighbours the French in elegance and originality of design, owing to there being no proper course of instruction provided. To show how much has been done already since the training schools have been opened, it will suffice to state that 33 parochial schools are now taught drawing by the masters trained in the central school, and that 1,730 pupils have received instruction through their agency. The progress in drawing of the pupils of these parochial schools is highly satisfactory, as evinced by the examinations, 144 prizes having been awarded to them. The total number of children taught drawing in public schools through the agency of masters of Art Schools, amounted to 18,988, being an increase of 80 per cent. above the return of that year. Thus much as to the training schools. The report further makes some re marks as to the purchases made for the museum from the Bernal collection, and refutes the statements made at the time, that the curators of the British Museum and that of Ornamental Art bid against one another at that remarkable sale. Dr. Lyon Playfair states the sale of the Bernal collection having excited much interest, it was felt that the competition might induce larger prices to be given for the articles comprised in it than their intrinsic value warranted. Accordingly the whole col lection was examined by the art superintendent and the curator of the Museum, and the articles which it was de sirable to secure having been selected, the maximesin values were fixed beforehand, and except in a very few instances, no larger price was allowed to be given for them during the progress of the sale. The British Museum being a purchaser as well as the Museum of Ornamental Art, a perfect understanding was established between the two museums, and the same agent was commis sioned to bid for both institutions, so that in no case was the price raised by a common desire of two public bodies to possess the same article. These arrangements led to a fortunate result, for while the average price of the 720 lots purchased for Marlborough House amounted to 11/. 75., the average price of the entire number of lots (4,294) were as much as 141. lls. Thus there is a direct denial of the report which at the time obtained such general credence. MYSTERIOUS MURDERS IN FRANCE. A wealthy inhabitant of Nantes, named Baudin, and a young woman named Legendre, who lived with him as servant, disappeared in December, 1851, and all at tempt' to discover what had become of them proved unavailing. It was supposed that they had been mer dered, but the object of the crime did not clearly appear, as no robbery had been committed in the house which they occupied in the Rue Dobree. The affair naturally created an immense sensation, and strange reports of every kind in connection with it were in circulation. Amongst other things, it was said that the bodies of the two per sons could be found buried in the garden of a respectable man, named M. L---; the authorities deemed it ne cessary to Fearch the garden, but nothing was disco vered. In December last (as reported in the Messenger at the time) a farmer named Lefudois was murdered in the village of St. Nicolas de la raille, near Havre, and his house was robbed and burned down. It turned out that a man named Crochu had committed these crimes, and he was brought to trial for them before the Court of Assizes of Rouen in June last, was con victed, and condemned to death. As this man had lived at Nantes, where he bad carried on the trade o f a dealer in second-hand clothes, as he was of very bad character, and as he had had some transac tions with M. Baudin, it was thought likely that he might have been concerned in the disappearance of that gentleman and his servant. An application was accordingly made to him to confess if he were guilty ; but he said that though he knew a good deal, be would not speak, until his wife and her servant, a female named Maziere, who had been ar re-ted at Nantes on suspicion of having been con cerned in disposing of the goods which he had stolen at Saint-Nicholas, and who were detained in the prison of that city, were removed to Rouen. This having been done, he said that M. Baudin and his servant had been murdered on the 11th December, 1851, that he had taken part in the crime, that he knew where the bodies were buried, but that he would say nothing mere unless the heirs of M. Baudin would pay 30,000 fr. to his wife. The chap;ain of the prison and other clergymen represented to him that a confession made under conditions would have no moral value, and exhorted him to tell the whole truth without any stipu lations. For some time he refused to do so • but on Sun day last he said that he would reveal all. 'He then re iated that a At L. formerly a pnbUc functionary, living in the Route deßennee at Nantee, who is possessed of some p roperty, and who has for eome time pas t taken I an active part in municipal affairs, had in December, 1851, premised him 10,000 f. to assist him in murdering M. Bandit' and his domestic. On his accepting this THE MEDITERR ANEAN SUBIIARINE TELEORA?I.- It that the following despatch. sent on Tuesday' afternoon by the engineers and agents of the Mediter ranean Submarine Telegraph Company in the island of Sardinia, to their office in London, that the temporary' check they have sustained in the accidental breaking of the cable, which was announced by a message from the English Consul at Cagliari, dated last Saturday, is not likely to interfere s e riously w ith th e success o f their important operation :—" Bonifacio, Aug. 12, 2 45 pan. —We are at Bajadi Chia, and have commenced raising the cable, with the intention of continuing our route to Algeria. The French officers share with us the hope of a fortunate issue. Everything is ready." offer, M. Baudin and the female were on the 11th of that month enticed on some pretext to a house at a place called La Chesnaie, as SUMO little distaece from Nantes, which house belonged to Crochu. There they were offered refreshments, and a nar:eveie was mixed with their wine. This produced sleep, and when they were asleep they were murdered. Their bodies were then buried be. neath a lame oak tree by the road side opposite a pond called the Etang de la Perriere. No sooner was this state• ment made than orders were transmitted from Rcuen by telegraph t.) have L- arrested, and on Monday he was lodged in prison. On the same day, in obediei.ce to telegraphic orders, a search was tnade in the place indi cated for the remains of the victims, but, up to four in the afternoon nothing had been found. The arrest of M. L naturally created an immense sen ation at Nantes, but it is not cemsi , lered improbable that Crochu may have falseiy denounced him, to satisfy private vengeance, or to postpone his own execution. Crochu's house, in which the victims are said to have been mur dered, was in 1851 quite isolated, but since then a num ber of houses have been built and gardens formed around it, so that the site is completely changed. It is expected that Crochu himself will be removed to Nantes to assist the authorities in the searching investigation which they have instituted. Country :-Aarßev.s. DERBY SMITHFIELD.—Aus. 12. There was a full average supply of fat beasts to day, with a flat demand; the high price and the weather are both against slaughtering, in consequence of which several lots were driven away unsold. A large number of fat pigs. The supply of fat and store calves was not large, hut equal to the demand. The following were the quotations :—Beef, 6d to 7d; mutton, 6.d to 7d ; lamb, 7d to 72cl ; veal, 6d to -d per lb. ; pigs, •Os6d to —s Od per score; rough fat, 5. 0 i to Os per 141 b. ; hides, 4d to 4,1 d per lb ; calf-skins, 5d 6i 1 per lb. EDINBURGH GRAIN.—Auc 13. We had a fair supply of grain today. Wheat rose up wards of 2s on last quotations. Barley and beams back, and oats up. Wheat, on the top, 3s Od up, and on the average 2s 4d up. Barley, Os 6d down on the top, and 4e id down on the average. Oats on the top is 44 up—on the average • is 2d up. Beans on the top is 6d down—on the aye rage, is lld down. AVERAGES PER IMPERIAL QUARTER. Wheat £312 0 1-12th. Do. new -12th. Barley -12ths. Oats 1 14 2 3-12ths. Beans BOSTON—Aua. 13. We had several parcels of wheat. on offer, but scarcely any business was done ; a few small selected samples were disposed of to needy millers, at an advance of about 3s per qr. on last week ; but there was no inclination to purchase under a firm impression that prices will shortly be cent& derably lower. Spring corn unchanged. The crops in this extensive agricultural district were never known to be better, both as respects quantity and quality. Prices :—Wheat, red, 56s Od to 66s Od; white, flOs Od to 68s Od extra, 70s Od. Barley, —s 01.1. to —s Od. Oats. 20s to 28s. Beans, 45s Od to 48s Od. Peas, to —s CkL per qr. NEWARK—Aua. 13. We had a thin attendance to-day, and very little bnai• ness was done. Wheat, white 72s to 765, red 68a to 725; barley, maltin% —s to —s, grinding 388 to 408; oats, 24at. 348 to 361, 22st, —e to -8; beans, 46s to 50s ; malt, 708 to 721; peas, 40 to 48. ; tares, —s to —8 per qr. LOCAL SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, A.IIGUST 14. STOOK EXOHANGE.—This market was rather salvo t D-day, and many of the leading stocks have been exalt• s i vely dealt in, especially Lancashire and Yorkshire, at ai aproved prices, closing steadily. Caledonian, 29i 81-- - r astern Counties, 9.1.9. East Lancashire, 21—Dutch R henish, 2. p.—South Eastern, 22.1 i—Midland, 84 Li incashire and Yorkshire, 98 4—London and North W 'externs, 108—Great Western of Canada, new, 2i p. - " So uth Australian Copper, BIRMINGHAM, AUGUST 14. ;TOOIC EXOHANGE.—The market was more active in bus iness to-day, and prices of railway shares were firmsr• Staffords, 13—Birmingham and Derbys, Biri ningham New Union Mills, 3.6.3.—L0nd0n and North We items, 107 i—London and South Westerns, 1094. MANCHESTER, 'AuGusT 14. ST OM EXCHANGE.—The market to-day has been firmer , The I 'ollowing are the transactions :—Caledoniana, 28fr Soutl t Eastern and Dovers, 22 9.l6—Midlands, 84a Leeds , 984—Blackburn ' Insurance, 83—Lancashire p• Gre at Westerns, C44—Manchester and Salford Bans' 5 p,— -Rhenish Mines, 4d. LEEDS, AUGUST 14. STOOK EXCHANGE. —The market doing a fair businesg• Midlam le, 841 i 4—North Eastern, Leeds, Qrs., 3i prem.--; North Western, 6.l6.6.—Lancashire and Yorkshire, 981 North B astern,.Leeds, 18g. SEABORNE MAILS. (N elgnitl. 1e that the mails are sent from the General Post-cm' the night —and M by the morning--lospatch.) Jay when made up In General Poet- Office, London.* From 'Kim !Ilya) Port dn. in Dlspatohe E .._— :very Friday' Every Tuesday (Liverpool ;83uthan1,,t, Liverpool .. Liverpool Dover . ,r Plymouth Dover ...... Southempto Southampt , r. Dover ...... Southempt.m Southampton Various portr Iftuth&mpto Sontharap,on Sonthamp Dover !Southamptel !Dover ...... Dover Boutkampt I STIO sitrip t 'London Southamptk 14 ()over ....... Southampton Plymouth .. Dover D0ver...... nolyhead Southamptor Southampton Liverpool *vet' —.— Sonthampt -1, Dovrx •• •• •• ic , uthamPio, Various port Dover •• •• •, onthampti 1 Southamrt( 1 Various port. Dover •• ••• • • 4outhampt or iouthamptpri 14th and 19th ...... •• •• iRd of the month., 10th 26th of r, o. Ilia fc %nit of moh. 17th of the month ............ 9th of the month `nth r‘f 'h. month Uncertain Ott. .1, .:ti,. molt), 10th and 26th.... 4th and 20:h .... h 01..., tv ea., ackrl4. Pc 2d 17th of month 4th and 10th .... , iOth and 26th.... Ith & 20th of m.n., rwico daily .., .... !Twice daily.- 7, 17, 20. 2741 m 12nr1 to 17th of inon. !Daily ....• • 2nd of the tm. t.th natty . ,17ta of the moll AIL ith 'k", 20th of m 10thtlo26th of nr )tt- ITwice daily '2d qt o • ..... 9tt. of 234 of month .. 14, 10, 20, and 26.. 20:n of the month zmi of the mont.,.. Dai1y............ 24 ;7th of month! Twize a month Daily ............. & 27th of MOP. av private Every Saturday.. Daily••“•• •• •• •• id ix.ith otrnontb tth of mon. .... IWeeklY iWeekli 'Twice me l Uncortsill 6th of T s ?' !2d 19t h 4 tt 21 01F. (16th pa, y I 16th juncertsft/ 16th of Is lb 4c 22 0 , 4th k 2 11 ' 1 and 16 4 and 2! 2 and IF 7 and 2' Twice d al Twicadaq 1 6, 7, 24,2b' 1 and 16 Daily list of In o pally 16th 4 And 21 111 15.ec 29 IS 1 6 and 16 14. 16, 21. is t.h t and 91 Ilst and 16 14 weekll Ilst to 1613 I We ek l 1 !I a 16sno1 monthly 1 and 18 COI7NEi. Amerlea(byl trit.pack)2 , &merle,. (by United Sta packet) • • • • • • • • F America (by U. State*, packet) .. •• .. Australia (I is Liver- , pool) m Ditto (via Mar slilles) N Ditto (via Cape of Gooe /lope) •• •• • • ..• •• • • lit &idea (West Co. tst)..N Alexandria Alexandria.— —.31 Bahamas ....... 3elgium Brasil 300003 dynes .. 31 Cape of Good Hope ..N Cape of Good Hope Caoe de Verds . Ceylon (see India) Ceylon Channel Isles Chili r China . • Constantinople ......I Constantinople Cont. of Europe M & N Egypt (see India) France • • •• NI & Gibraltar ..........M Greece (see India) Greyton •• •• •;.• ••M Eiamburgh Elavannah .......... M Elolland Honduras ..........M India (viaSouthampt.)M India (via Maraoillos)M lonian Isles (see India) Ireland N Lisban• •• •• •• •• ....1 Madeira ............N gadeira ........ Malta (see India) Malta •••••• • • • • • • 2 41 Mauritius (see India) Mauritius ........ Unice Naples— • iiew Granada ...... 11' New •• •• • • Papal States Peninsula M Pert Natal afellY ,••• •• •• •• •• Tuscany ••.• •• •• •• Venezuela Van.Dlemen's Lgn d ('e* Australia) •• West Indies —1 BIRTHS. OF A SON. On the 13th inst., the wife of John Elliott Fox, jun., Esq., solicitor, of Finsbury-circus. On the 13th inst., the wife of John Louch, Eaq., of Stanchester House, Drayton, Somerset. OF A DAUGHTER. On the 11th inst., the wif e o f J o h n T a tt ersa ll, E sq . , o f 35, Canonbury-square, Islington. On the 13th inst., at 97, Cambridge-street, Warwick. square . Pimlico, the wife of Mr. William Arnold. MARRIED. On the 14th inst., at Christ Church, St, Pancras, Henry Esq , of Lincoln's-inn, barrister, to Elizabeth, youngest daughter of the late John Cardwell, Esq. On the 34th inst., at the parish church, Tottenham, Laundy, only son of Stephen Walters, Esq., of the Oak• lands, Reigate, and late of Tottenham, to Marcia, third daughter of Edwin Hill, Esq., of Bruce Castle, Tottenham, aad Inland Revenue, Somerset-house. DI ED. On the 13th inst., at Harpenden, John Wyatt, Esq., Senior Bencher of the Inner Temple, and Attorney -Gene. ral for North Wales, aged 94. On the 14th inst., at 122, Leadenhall-street, Charles Edward, infant son of C. W. Howell, Esq. On the 13th inst., at Bishopgate, Windsor Great Park, Wm. Heron Mendham, Esq., aged 89. Ou the 13th inst., at Ixworth, Suffolk, Mr. J o h n G o !d• smith, aged 68. On the 13th inst., at 127, Cambridge-street, Pimlicas W. P. Stevens, Esq., aged 46. On the 12th inst., at Bath, Sarah, wife of S. C. Price; Esq. On the Bth inst., at B oulogne-sur-Mer, Lucy, widow ci Lieut.-Col. Sir W. Young, Bat of Bailieborough Castles co. Cavan, Ireland. At Brussels, Isaac Goodman, Esq., aged 85. LONDON : Printed and Published by MURDO YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, iu the crantlf of Middlesex, Friday, August 15, 1836. firth.