The Sun. — London, England, 1861-08-03 00:00:00

THE NAVY. A Board of Admiralty, consisting of the Duke of Somerset, First Lord ; Mr. Whitbread, M.P., Capt. Drummond, Lord Clarence Paget, Seeretary to the Board, end Capt, Moore, Secretary to the First Lord ; Admiral Robinson, Controller of the Navy ; Col. Greene, Director of Engineering and Architec tural Works ; and Sir Richard Mayne, Chief Com missioner of the Metropolitan Police, yesterday made their annual visitation of Deptford victualling and dockyards. They were received by Capt. Claude H. M. Buckle, C. 8., superintendent of the yards ; Mr. Jameson , storekeep er ; M r . Wilki nson , store receiver; Mr. Bowley, su p er i n t en d en t o f th e trans port service ; and the heads of departments in the Victoria victualling-yard. The Board arrived in a body from London. They commenced their inspec tion at half-past 11 and •continued it till nearly 3 o'clock. The Board visited in succession the ships under construction and repair, and approved various suggestions made by the Captain-Superintendent to meet the exigencies of modern shipbuilding. The manufacturing branches of the victualling depart ment naturally absorbed a great portion of the Board's attention. They examined the new build ings erected since the outbreak of the Crimean war, which constitute a huge manufactory, consisting of extensive flour and oatmeal mills, biscuit bakeries, chocolate mills, pepper and mustard mills, and a medical laboratory. They also visited the rum stores which have lately been supplied with 340 new vats, one of which contains 30,000 gals. of spirits. They next inspected the general stores on the wharf, the cooperage, the new marine stores in process of con struction, the salt meet magazines, the extensive slaughtering and curing stores, &c. When the in spection concluded, at 3 o'clock, they expressed their unqualified approbation of the mode in which the establishment is conducted. The paddlewheel steamvessel Valorous, 16, Capt. William C. Oldham, CM., which arrived from the West Indies at Spithead on Wednesday, entered Plymouth Sound yesterday morning. After she has discharged her powder and the crew have been in spected, the Valorous will go up Hamoaze and be stripped, and then placed in the third division of the steam ordinary. The Herald, 8, which has recently returned from her surveying expedition in the Pacific, is ordered to be fitted and prepared at Chatham for service in Shoreham-harbour, where she is to be stationed, by direction of the Admiralty, to be used as a chapel, lecture-room, &c., for the seamen frequenting that port. The Rev. E. Clay has received the appoint ment of chaplain. THE ARMY. Yesterday Ensign Hume, 54th Regiment, with a party of men belonging to the 9th Depot Battalion, left Colchester camp and proceeded to Hythe for the customary course of training in the School of Musketry. Col. the Hon. A. Gordon, C. 8., commandant of Colchester camp, has.leave of absence until the end of the present month, and the command of the troops at that station has devolved upon Col. Dixon, C. 8., of the 9th Depot Battalion. Col. Grey, 6th Fusiliers, is expected to enter upon his duties as commandant early in the ensuing month, when Col. the Hon. A. Gordon will also enter upon his new appointment at the Curragh camp. Col. Hadden, commanding the Royal Engineers of the eastern district, having been appointed to the command of the Royal Engineers in Ceylon, his Royal Highness the Commander-in-Chief has or dered Capt. Clarke, R.E., to assume the temporary command of that department in the Eastern District until a senior officer for the corps has been selected. Since the removal of the headquarters from Har wich to Colchester, Capt. Clarke has been second in command. The new works of defence at E istney, near Ports mouth, just commenced by Messrs. Smith, the con tractors, will consist of two 12-gun batteries, some distance apart, connected by a curtain, with a wet ditch in front, the old fort at . Eastney being nearly the centre of the position. At the outer angle of each battery will be a cavalier bastion, mounting one of the heaviest of the Armstrong guns, domi nating over the entire front and flanks of the works. In the rear will be constructed a military road, forming a junction with the highway, which runs at present from Lumps Fort to Eastney-lane, and will be carried on to the road on the western glacis of Cumberland Fort. The new barracks for the Royal Marine Artillery will be erected in the gorge of the work. It being part of the plan to enclose theta with ditch and parapet from the eastern and western batteries they will, as it were, form an in tegral part of the new defensive lines. The proxi mity of the new works to high watermark will neces sitate the continuation of the groins now in course of construction in front of Lump Fort, along the re-, maining portion of sea-beach past Eastney to Fort Cumberland. With Eastney works completed, the line of beach between the entrances to Portsmouth and Langton harbours will be studded with fortifi cations which, with the shoal water of some parts, will render it unapproachable from the sea. The wrought iron Horsfall gun which was removed a short time since from its position near Southsea Castle, has been placed on bulks of timber above high water mark, under the Old Fort at Eastney in readiness for practice. It is intended to treble-shot the gun, and charge it with 10Ib. of powder each time it is loaded. _ Eight additional 12-pounder Armstrong lieldguns have been received at Portsmouth from Woolwich, for practice and drill service at Fort Cumberland. The 1 2 -pounder mounted Armstrong battery, un der the Command of Lieut.-Col. Turner, stationed at Hilsea, have commenced their course of target prat tics from smiths -oommon, firing seawards. The has been practice ma de h sup v erb. The following officer s service pensions at the e been awarded the good disposal of his Royal High ness the Commander - in -Chief for distin gu i s hed and b meritorious service performed them in the army: --Major-Gen. L. A. Hall, Roy a l . Engineers ; ; Capt. J. Brannan, late Quartermaster, 60 tRifles S. Goddard, late Quartermaster , 14th Capt. 23 d ßegiment ; and Capt. C. Grant , late Quartermaster, Royal Welsh Fusiliers. The th ree last men tioned offi cers were engaged at Waterloo. Some further trials were made at St.Mary'sCreek, Chatham, yesterday and on the previous day, f or purpose of testing the floating powers of the pon toons recently invented by Capt. F. Fowke, Royal Engineers. The experiments, which were watched with great interest, weraundertaken in the presence of Col. Harness, C. 8., director of the Royal Engi neer Establishment, and other officers of the Royal and Indian Engineers. They were carried out un der the direction of Major Lovell, C. 8., chief instruc tor of fieldworks at Chatham, the object being to ascertain the maximum weight that could be sus tained by (len. Pas ley's, Gen. Blanshard's, and Capt.. Fowke's pontoons when tried separatety. The pontoons known as Blanshard's, which are those generally used throughout the service, are cylindri cally s 1 aped, and can he made of either zinc or tin. Althouwhtheir floating powers are very considerable, their unwieldy size and the difficulty experienced in trans; uorting them from one point to another — which svith an army in the field would of course , be immensely increased—will always prove a serious d ra,wback to their use, while, being air and water-tigAt, a shot penetrating the metal would re nder the sn almost, if not altogether, useless. Ono of' these pontoons during these experiments on Thu "(- I,l y bore a. weight of rather more than 12,3801 b., tti.`lich was the utmost strainait was coh tentedfe placo upon it. The pontoons in b sa y the .date Gen. Sir C. Pasley are made of copper, and s iloPe , l somewhat like a boat, which in appearance th ey very much resemble. An improve ment has lat e l y la Cell effected in the mode of arrang ing the framing of , su c h pontoon, on which the „ chessea," or staging forming the ' pontoon-bridge, are p l ace d, 'with th i best results, the floating powers . being renderec l somewhat greater, while there is now less fear of these kinds of pontoons suddenly turning overt. San formerly their want of Y Ponto ons b eing re jectedone of th e steadiness. w hen in the rater being s which led to the Pasle use the service. The tri a l s for general . made at Chatham, how -ever, proved that, app o ned, one of Paeley's p on ., from the drawback mien Ii toons is capable of sustaining a greater load than Blanshard's cylinder pontoons, without sinking, the total weight borne by the Pasley pontoon being 12,5001 b., or nearly 2cwt. more than Blanshard's. The result of the experiments, however, again esta blished in a marked degree the superiority of Capt. Fowke's invention over any other pontoon yet tried against it. This pontoon floats easily, and is ex ceedingly light, while it can be quickly removed when in the water, and is easily handled. The weight placed upon it in the course of the trial was was 14,2821 b., or 1,8981 b. more than that borne by Blanshard's and 1,7681 b. more than Pasley's. Apart from its superiority in this respect, the material of which it is formed, a kind of canvas, enables it when taken out of the water to be folded together and transported with the greatest ease and facility, an advantage not to be obtained in either of the other description of pontoons. From the favourable opinion expressed with regard to this pontoon by the Duke of Cambridge when inspecting it at Chatham a few days since, as well as the satisfactory results of the trials made yesterday and the previous day, there is little doubt that Capt. Fowke's invention will ultimately supersede those now in use in the ser vice, and be generally adopted. will become of the negroes They are contented, it is said, at present. But hunger would be with them, as with the white race, a most effective motive of ill-feeling and dissatisfaction. The people at the South feel this ; they are "raising" plenty of coin, but they are afraid of the results of the want of salt ; without it chickens will be scarce about negro cottages next spring. No meat is readily eaten by the negroes except pork. They do not consider beef or mutton as meat at all in our sense of the term. Of almost equal importance with pork to them for many months of the year is ice to the negroes' masters. Of course they can do with out it, but the absence of the familiar and valued articles from their tables and glasses will prove a minor misery of life to the habituated, which can only be understood by those who are living among the American people. The inland blockade is not very stringently enforced. The " other day, for instance, a quantity of machinery was received from a Northern manufactory down the Missis sippi at the house of a planter near New Orleans, who would not have been able to get in his sugar crop this year without it. Texas supplies cattle in abundance by the inland rivers and overland routes, but the poor whites, who are poor enough already, will be reduced to the greatest dis tress by the high prices of meat and food, and all W ho cannot find work must enter the ranks of the army for a subsistence. All things are dear, except the raw material of food, at present. For 'an ordinary black silk hat I was charged at New Orleans 11 6s. 6d., a linen slop coat cost nearly £1 ; for making flannel shirts I paid 9s. 6d. a-piece, and the flannel alone was as dear as the best shirt in London. Common cotton socks are sold at 3s. 6d. a pair; other articles are dear in propor tion. Butter and wheat flour will be things of the past on many city tables. As to the sugar planters, ruin seems certain if they can find no market for their produce. They say they would not sell it to the North and West even if they could, and the South cannot consume it all, and if the South does, it cannot pay the producers except in a coin or currency which may not be readily convertible at the end of the year. If the design attributed to the military authorities of the United States to I move down the Mississippi be ever carried oat there is no amount of misery which may not be in flicted on the seceding States; but the attempt would be most difficult of execution, and it could only be made as a part of a grand combined opera tion for marching victoriously from Virginia to Louisiana. That such an operation may not be contemplated it is impossible to assert. Its conse quences would be terrible on both sides,*and in the interests of humanity, of civilisation, of liberty, and of Christianity it might be well for the great Powers of Europe to consider whether they should not offer or even press a mediation to which the most furious fanatics would be obliged to listen after they have satiated their taste for blood. Turning from the sea and river to the land, every step of an offensive character which has been taken as yet has been made and maintained by the Northern troops. The " sacred soil" of Virginia has been polluted by " Lincoln's mercenaries," acre by acre. But in all this, say the Southerners, there is design. General Jefferson Davis has inspired them with universal confidence. A bloody and disastrous re verse awaits the invaders, and at the very moment that the Northerners are cautiously—at least, not very boldly advancing, there are thousands down here waiting for the news that Washington has been captured. No doubt there must be an accumu lation of the Confederates somewhere in Virginia, and Mr. Davis may be contemplating some very daring movement. Appearances, always deceitful, are very dangerous in war. Who does not remem ber the divine calm which preceded Inkerman ? But appearances indicate greater apprehension for Rich mond than for Washington. Pensacola no longer occupies men's thoughts. The most ardent believers in Brigadier-General. Bragg's readiness for attack cease to expect that it will be of use just now. Some thousands of the troops employed there in watching the fortress and the fleet have been withdrawn and sent to Virginia. Others have returned to Jackson, in Mississippi State. Oddly enough, it has been found out that " Pickens is of no account." The United States' standard may be permitted to flout the skies over the sacred soil—for in this land every foot of the ground is holy—of the State without damage done, until climate and insects destroy its defenders. Instead of taking fortress Monroe the troops originally in defence of that place are making an onward movement, and Virginia is slowly seced ing into United States' territory. Still, these move ments all tend to produce a consternation of the Confederate forces, and the evacuation of Harper's Ferry might be a masterly movement if any one could now tell why it ever was occupied, unless with the object of an aggressive action, which the steps taken by Gen. Scott have defeated and rendered abortive. The design of that General would appear to be, for the present, to get his own troops well in hand, to drill them, to accustom them to act together—to form officers out of clerks and merchants, lawyers, editors, and reporters—and to cover his front all the while so effectually as to permit the enemy to gain nothing by his inactivity. The South, I know, are making the most of their time in a similar manner ; but from what I can see, there is an impression produced on every mind that the Southern material is more homogeneous and easily adapted to war than the peaceful populations of the North, and, if Kentucky and Tenessee throw all their available populations into the'scale, the North, despite its numerical superiority, will be taxed severely to defeat the bold, hardy race, accustomed' to arms, which inhabit those vast States. The in digent people in all the States, these who are de prived of work by the cessation of their usual engagements, the foreign elenv nts--all who might become dangerous if left behind in the rear of the combatants—are subject to coercive influences to in duce them to enlist. On this point I would make an appeal to the benevolent and patriotic at home who have the means and the inclination to aid their un fortunate countrymen. The misery and distress which have come to many British subjects in the States owing to this war can scarcely be exagge rated. Only those who can hear the appeals or see the letters addressed to our Consuls can form any idea of the great suffering to which they are ex posed in consequence of the closing of works, the stoppage of navigation, the paralysis of trade, the insolvency of employers, the operation of "stay laws," and the hundred evils which follow civil war in a country like America, particularly where there is such a largely developed system of fictitious credits and unsound banking. Our Consuls are besieged with applications for help. The appli cants generally desire to be sent to Canada ; but there is no means of sending them by sea, and the land voyage is expensive. Too often the relief comes out of the pockets of the ill-paid Consuls themselves ; sometimes it is refused with pain and reluctance. I am sure that Mr. Bunch, at Charles ton, Mr. Magee, at Mobile, and Mr. Mure, at New Orleans, could testify the truth of what I say, and afford many distressing examples to show how much needed a little aid from the British public, or gene rous action on the part of the Government, is at the present moment.: There is no Poor Law to relieve the distressed. Many of the cases are such as a Consul cannot relieve with any hope of compensa tion from official sources. If some small sums of they m would, oney I am satisfied, were collectedandsenealy add to theirtltdothosegentlemen labours by a judicious disbursement of the fund. Let me just give an example of what might be done. The morning I left New Orleans a British sailor ap peared at the Consul's door in great distress. He had received a severe wound in the arm in our ser vice in the last war, and at the close of it shipped on board a merchantman, which was blockaded in and he was sent to the hos p ital. Mobile. While ther e the wound b ß r u o t ke v o le ut h o a s f r p e i h a 1 , Magee had furnished the sailo r with the m after a time was closed for want of funds, aneadn:Nstorf. getting over to New Orleans , and with a letter to Mare, askinghim Th to man was get shipped 'I f:J .I I%I 1e bearer. rived at New Orleans with his chest. No sooner The . passage off, o Canada and _ar had be set foot on the shore than the poli ce were upon him and sought to take him into custody. Why ? Because he was a man of colour, and there fore was a criminal and an offender against the laws of the State, inasmuch as be was nut owned by any body ! Under the promise of going straight to the Consul he was permitted to get his chest on a cart, for which the driver asked all the money he had left, and when he came to the door a policeman was following him to see he did not halt or diverge on his journey. His chest contained only some old clothes and such nautical waifs and stays as Jack generally crams into his box. He had no money— Mr. Mure could not by any means get him a pas sage to Canada, Tnere was no place for him to go to in the city. If at large he would he sent to prison, and so Mr. Mure had to send him to some hospital, of which he is a governor or subscriber, and will, no doubt, be put to trouble and expense on his account which it is not fair to impose on a consular officer. If a few gentlemen will only begin the movement they will do immense good. There are hundreds of deserving 'British subjects desirous of getting to Canada at this moment. Every year a number of industrious, hard-working men come from British America for the purpose of earning money in the South, and they get up north wards by degrees, as labour is required. Their re treat is now cut off, and they are left broadcast all over the States in the South, without money, or means, or hope. I trust the appeal I venture tomake on their behalf will not be without its fruits. Supposing that there are no apprehensions of dis turbance from the negro population, the war can be carried on by the South with less derangement of their social system than will be the case in the North. The Southerners are fond of calling them selves an agricultural people. Their slaves raise agricultural produce, but, except in parts of Ten nessee and Kentucky, there is, I suspect, very little agriculture for which white hands are directly em ployed. The lower orders of whites are mechanical; the upper sort superintend their labourers occa sionally, but are generally engaged in the pursuit of a rude aristocracy, or in the more elegant dissi pation of continental cities or Northern watering places and hotels. If the overseers can do their work as usual all the white lords and their white dependents can go to the wars, and corn, rice, sugar, and cotton will be cultivated and raised as usual. Unless the North can spare a larger surplus than one would suppose from the populations engaged in its busy industry, the derangement of its trade and internal commerce will be greater than that which the war will cause in the South. If the negroes occasion any trouble there is no saying how far the difficulties of the Slave States may not go; but at present they are possessed with a confidence, which may be blind or far-seeing, that their slaves will remain quiet if not faithful, and the absence of any white element from the population of whole districts is very remarkable. The spectacle of an uprising of 4,000,000 of negroes in the plantations, burning, plundering, and destroying the whites is one which I confess I.am not humanitarian or Abolitionist enough to be prepared to desire or to enjoy. It would be an evil as tremendous in its consequences to the North as to the South, and it would lead to an irrepressible conflict between the Federal troops and their new allies. There are some few people who talk about re-settling the South by negro proprietors, now slaves ; these are blatant lunatics or very wicked idiots. Others there are who desire, very kindly, to make an arrangement with England by which our colonies could be sup plied with labour, and who wish to make a bargain with us for the receipt of a population of 4,000,000 of black people. When they are in a condition to do so perhaps it may be time to characterise he transaction as it would deserve. No one that I ever heard of proposes to receive the negroes into the Northern States, though, perhaps, they might be allowed to go further and fare worse in Canada. Victorious, the North will have to encounter, on the very threshold of the Temple of Peace, a foe more terrible than war. Is there in all the wise heads of the world one who can solve the knot with out the use of the sword. And when the sword has done its work, what next? There is the eternal negro tripping up the foot of Alexander as he returns his blade to the sheath. Can any one devise a scheme for the deportation of 4,000,000 souls ? Why such an emigration was never heard of ! The hordes of Huns and Goths and Vandals— the swarming floods of Scythian races, which rolled their tides over Europe, presented no such masses and no such scenes as would be witnessed in the execution of any scheme of the kind; and, except by the spontaneous action of the States, there is little hope of any gradual extinction or absorption of the race, and if it be not done gradually it can scarce be done at all. It is hard to ascertain what are the feelings of these people—their utterance is imperfect, not merely morally but physically. They are treated to a few words from the great dish of the English tongue, which mostly refer to labour or to their wants, and their speech is as nearly inarticulateps may be, although the fine ear of the people and the accent of educated individuals prove they could speak it as well as their masters if they had a chance of' learning how to do so. There are various notions in reference to their treatment. As a general statement, I think it may be asserted they are not ill-used in the districts where they are dear, and where their produce is valuable. Where the masters are rich, the estates large, the incomes certain, and all struggles with the forest and with adversity are over, liberty to them seems idleness. So I am told. But I hear, too, that they are very fond of idleness. The conclusion is not difficult. Compared with the bonzas in Cuba, where the ave rage of life in labour is reduced by incessant and cruel task work to 10 or 11 years, the negroes on plantations in America are pampered aristocrats ; but I cannot admit any comparison between them and the denizens of an English col' mine, which is often drawn by the planters down here. On the cotton estates in the South the negroes dread the " picking seasons," notwithstanding the assurance of the Captain of the Southern Republic that the task was but the " culling of roses." On sugar plantations, although the mill is " run" night and day, and the toil is incessant while it lasts, the " rolling season" is a period of cheerful ness which never flags until frost interrupts the harvest. The negro, like the elephant, is fond of cane, and, like the Indian bear, of its juices, which, despite the increase in the length and fervor of his labours, makes an alderman of him for the tinse being, and puts fat on his ribs. • The English agriculturist transported to Houmas or some such large plantation on Prince Hassan's carpet, would be charmed by the magnificence of its culture and the noiseless system by which such perfection is achieved. He would find well fed, well clothed, and well lodged labourers, born upon the soil, and even limiting' their labours to that section of the plantation on which they have been reared. Thus, in the two upper " settlements" of the estate abovementioned, I found men and women who had not only never 'been off the estate in their lives, but who had not even visited Orang e Grove, which is a separate plantation adjoining the property, and recently porchased by the same pro prietor, though it is only divided from it by a fence. The English agriculturist, while confessing sugar planting to be a remunerative recreation, instead of a care and a toil, upon lands which; like those of Houmas, have been tilled for half a century with out manure or repose, will envy tae planter far less the possession of the soil than the faculty which " the institution" gives him of having ever at his command the docile sinews of a race kept stu diously aloof from towns and their civilisation, and to whose simpl e perceptions the words " strike" and " combination" are unknown. The seasons for plantin g , for ploughing, for laying by, and fur rolling llingsugar, are so definitively marked in the cultivator's calendar that the d e lay of a week, or even less, in any process might not be recovered. This, to be sure, is still more the case in our island of rare sunshine, but the colossal scale of a culture whi c h requires, as at H oumas, 900 souls (or bodi E , s) belong to of which not less than GOO labourers, might well deter onr hypothe tical country men from running the hazard of those little com p li cations which sometimes arise between the empl o y er and the employed. It is true the com bination cou l d wages, or for not exist for the purpose of raising any e- thin but an increased ration with out destroying th e i nst i tut i on i tse l f, b u t the same disposition o f labour which prevents any annoyance or apprehension from such sources may be effectual in destroying any power of combination, or any com- MOll action in more abstruse political matters. It is said, however, that, as in India, these dark people have a telegraph of their own which works inscrut ably, in silence and in darkness, and acquaints them with events and movements of which it might be desirable to keep them in ignorance, as speedily—it in; , as truly—as the wires carries news to their masters. If the chattel character of the slave were removed, if he could be made as the Saxon churl or the recent Russian serf—adscriptus glebe —much of the odious character attached to Ameri can slavery would be removed, although there would remain the abstract wrong and the concrete—the danger of an extension or impetus to the slave trade at every increase of territory or augmentation of profits. The feudal system, as i is here called, is, perhaps, not worse in America to-day than it was in the days of the Conqueror in England, and if the Americans are content with the comparison of their Republic to-day with the kingdom of England in that time, one has not much to say on that point. Indeed, the plea of physical inferiority and differ ence of race—as well as that of the status quo ante " we became planters"—might be as well urged by the ha wknosed beetle-browed saturnine Norman, as good reason why he should hold in bondage the fair-haired, blond, broad-faced Saxon, as the wool, skin, and heat-enduring nature of the African are considered strong grounds by the diverse-coloured people of the South for buying, selling, and holding in bondage that particular type of Adam. There can be no yeomanry where slavery pre vails. The inevitable tendency of the system is to create great capitalists, who buy up slaves and lands, and extinguish the smaller white proprie tors, and it must be admitted there is so far good for the slave in this feature of the system that, if held completely as a beast of burden and a labour machine by the large proprietor, he is better treated by him, although on a far lower footing, than by the poor white who is struggling to make a few bales o' cotton out of ill-tilled and inferior land. The ereoles who hold on to their little patches of land by the Mississippi are regarded by their wealthier neighbours as very bigoted and unreason able because they will not sell their land, and yet, acre after acre, it is slipping away from them. As a curious fact, I may mention that among the lowest order of these settlers, some of whom indeed are considered as squatters by the sugarcaneocrats, I met one Unionist, a doctor, who exercised such in fluence, or said he did, in several parishes in Loui siana that he could poll two . to one for Union as against Secession, but Dr. Cottman was nevertheless quite ready to take the field against the Federal forces. In no place does greater objection to univer sal suffrage—unpopular as it is, in in ivate conver sation at least, over most of the States—exist than in the South. The satraps can bear no rival near the throne. With all their individual charms of manner, easy demeanour, hospitality, and good breeding, there is at the bottom of the whole system, as there is at the base of Secession, a gross materialism. It may be that the North is equally under the same influ ence—it may be that all the world is regulated by it—that interest is the sole motive power in poli tics and in the actions of men. But in the 'South alone, in spite of refinement and chivalry, is the doctrine preached to the exclusion of any other dogma. Nowhere else have I heard so much of the potency of the dollar expressed in acreage, in bales of cotton, and hogsheads of sugar. Every white man who is among them takes, or may take, some thing from them. Their number is minimised to meet the strictest requirements of trading in the towns,and of mechanical arts in the country through all the extreme South. It is a delusion to imagine that the possession of slaves, ipso facto, makes a gentleman. The slaveowner educates his children afar—generally in the North, sometimes in France or in England. He affords them every means of luxurious enjoyment, while the Northern youth is toiling in the office of the counting-house. They travel like Russians or Milers, go into good society, are acceptable for their pleasant manners and phy sique, and if they can afford they avoid the planta tions, and fly to them only under pressure. They soon become masters accustomed to the obedience of slaves. If they meet with opposition they can scarce control their passions, and argument is often treated as an insult. But whatever the causes may be there is much of that which is called" being a gentleman' , among the planters ; not, however, in any degree the result of slaveholding. It is only on their farms and at home that the material view of all things is so fully expressed—often, indeed, in no unpleasant expositions. These gentlemen have power of chas tisement with little limit but death, and then, I suspect, the penalties are not excessive. Each is his own provost-marshal. The gang system produces not only uniformity and steadiness of labour, but submissiveness and obedience. They work as soldiers drill, in companies. The overseers are the captains ; the master is the general, who gives orders and ex pects the thing to be done. The planters are held together by common interests. Each man knows, not only his neighbour, but the planters of his State more or less intimately. There is no mob to control them. Thus, they are all powerful for con certed political action. But, as interests in States are generally identical, it so happens that the inte rests of one State clash with those of another. There is no danger, even here, to the Confederacy, should it ever be established on the basis of slavery, solid as it seems. Already South Carolina provokes ridicule by pretensions she is quite ready to main ' tain, and anger by assertions she is not averse to prove. The State of Virginia is abused on account of the slowness of her march, and the valour of the Virginians is called in question by several jour nals in which I have seen severe and biting sar casms on the bravery of her troops. There will, no doubt, be many State jealousies to settle in time to come; and I have heard what are called prominent citizens in each avaw their only sympathies with their neighbours to be those of a common defence, and their only bond of union the bondage of the slave. As yet those sympathies have done their work, and the band has united the desperate poli ticians and spirited and earnest populations of the South for determined action. The seals of the Fede ral compact have been broken, and the descendants of British races, representing a population as nume rous as that of the United Kingdom, split into two great parties, political and geographical, have re solved t decide the legality of their acts by an ap peal to the last tribunal of kings and nations. The principles of 1776, and the glories of 1789 are al ready as remote and obsolete as those of the Assy rian or the Egyptian. But in the present instance there is no faint-heartedness in the challenged party (although its reluctance has been misrepresented as cowardice), and the balance of civilisation is in its favour. The contest has been variously character. ised, but its material issues lie between commerce and manufactures on the one hand, and agriculture on the other; and in this region, where commerce is despised, it is regarded by many as a struggle be tween overshot wheels and human labour as sub missive as the spindles they drive. For, with all deference to Mr. Seward, his speeches and their plausible generalisation, and to Mr. Lincoln and the Chicago platform, it is a fallacy to style this a strife between free and slave labour. Wherever the former can thrive, it is as sure of finding it s way as water its level. There are still millions of acres open to the white agriculturist who too often decries, from dog-in-the-manger motives, the tillage of cotton and sugar in the pestilential swamps of Carolina and Louisiina. Thus much as to the tangible interests involved in this unhappy controversy, to which the passions it has aroused may impart an unparalleled acerbity. If one may concede to the South just cause for dis satisfaction with Northern tariffs and personal liberty bills, it is equally true that the North has grounds to complain of the taunts of the South, which she has long endured, as the landlord submits to the carpings of his tenant, or the moneylender to the uncomplimentary epithets of the prodigal he holds in his clutches. Nay, she has suffered with calmness, not only contumely as a people, but the actual castigation of Mr. Horace Greley, a member of Congress, and of Mr. Charles Sumner, a member of the United States Senate. Yet, who shall now say that the canes showered upon Mr. Brooks by his fellow-citizens for the last-mentioned assault did not reproduce themselve s i n th e pikes of John Brown, or deny that they bristle to-day in bayonets of the 100,000 Northerners who manifestthe _- .._a ~ - by the somewhat tardy ardour with which they are identifying themselves with the partisans and prin ciples of a sombre, if honest, fanaticism, computic tion, and even indignation at the crapulous interests and self-seeking motives which have been for 10 years or more their consolations under the tenets of Boethian philosophy P This military outburst, like the bloom of the cen tury aloes, takes by surprise even those who had faith in its ultimate upshooting from within leaves which, during three generations, seemed inert as wax and immutable as petrifactions. The smoke of cannon and conflagration had scarcely curled away from the ramparts of Fort Sumpter before the people of the South, upon the principle that it is better to play hammer than anvil, proclaimed that bloodless victory to be the incipient meet of a general hunt, in which its yeo manry were invited to participate after the Northern fox. On the same evening Mr. Walker, the War Secretary of the Confederate States, announced from the balcony of the Exchange Hotel at Mont gomery, that in a few weeks their flag should wave over the Capitol at Washington. Attempts have been since made to question the authenticity of this post. prandial indiscretion, but I quote from the Charles ton Mercury which, however widely it may at times secede from reason, has never yet been charged with seceding from what it believes to be the truth. With these echoes of a no very remote past, now mingle utterances with which I could wish that my worldly fortunes gave me reason to be still more dissatisfied. While defence to the swamp instead of war to the knife, seems the present war cry of the Southern patriots, there are symptoms of an ag gression not unlikely to prove equally fatal to friends and foes, and this is repudiation. Notwithstanding the changes rung upon this topic since the origin of communities, one cannot deny that American iuge'• nuity—more particularly in Mississippi, has disco vered new and unsuspected variations. This may be all very well between belligerents ; and, while out siders may question the ethics of " stay laws," they have no right to find fault with them. But in the case of State bonds, railroad debentures, et id genus omne, will it not be difficult to discriminate between the innocent European and the inimical Northern holder of securities so readily transferable P Thus the Montgomery Congress enacted a prohi bition of all payments to the enemy. The Attorney General of Louisiana has pronounced the transfer of bank or other stocks standing in Northern names illegal. Gen. Pillow has reminded the people of Tennessee, in a recent proclamation, that all.pay meats due to Northern creditors must be made to the State in support of the war, and that remittances in contravention of this rule will 'render its trans gressors liable to penal consequences. And the State of Virginia, after inviting the Northern bondholders to come to Richmond and collect their coupons in Virginia currency, is debating measures to withhold any such payments where known to be due to the North. I need not say that many Southern railroad, canal, and State bonds are held in Europe, and that the capitalists of London, Paris, Amsterdam, Frankfort, &c., usually transact their business through Northt rn agents. Take, for example, a Liverpool holder of Louisiana shares, who has been wont to receive his dividends through Messrs. Brown Brothers. His stock may even, for convenience, be registered in their name. The sign of those gentlemen having been recently taken down by the Neiv Orleans Vi gilance Committee, and their office closed by their agent in that city, their English client may whistle for his dividends until the war is over. Again, Tennessee has a fair length of railroads, some of which may still owe a balance to the Britisi, ironmaster, or some of the contractors on which may have p4er maturing in favour of Northern agents. General Pillow's proclamation debars even the debtor who is willing and able to pay from the fllfilment of his obligations. I am not familiar enough with finance to decide the question which occurs to me, viz.—may there not be parties glad to take advantage of this prohibition and to consider the debt cancelled ? The British capitalist, therefore, who has laboured under the delusion—not dispelled by the financial ethics of Mississippi—that States bonds carried with them the family guarantee of the entity of the United States Government, may now discover that, like the butcher of Eastern fable, he has trusted a magician, and that the Southern department of his strong box contains but withered leaves. The proprietary and creditors of Southern railways must for some time to come suffer a similar disenchantment. I was assured by an intelligent Northern railway presi dent that England and the Northern States had built all the Southern railways, and that for the past ten years or more the planters whose prosperity they had advanced had invested all their profits in fresh land and negroes, as a more lucrative outlay than any " internal improvements." A question of interest may occur to the heirs—if any—ot the discontented scion of the house of Percy who bequeathed £150,000 to the United States to found at Washington an institution for the diffusion of knowledge among men. The legacy was collected by a Democratic Administration, and the bulk of it lent to the now seceded State of Arkansas, under the guarantee of the United States. The bonds of that State could not have been sold at that time in the market for 70 per cent. It would be expecting blood from a stone to hope that a dollar of the principal or interest will now be paid to the Smithsonian Institu tion, and the debt may consequently be added to the long list of unfulfilled obligations towards man kind which weigh on the memory of the great Re public. If Arkansas respects the district of Co lumbia there may be no danger, but the temptation is great. And now I bring this letter to a close, with the assurance that, if I have extenuated many things, I have set down naught in malice. In my next I shall have a few words to say as to the ques tion of administration of the laws, and the morality wh ch prevails in some parts of the recent United States—the which may have more to do with the questions to arise hereafter than we may think, or be ready to perceive at first blush ; and then, before I leave the South, by the aid of faithful authorities I trust to give some information respecting a matter of much interest to England —the cotton supply. If cotton be king, we may as we.l admit the sway at once; but, for one, I would sooner live under the worst form of government possible, even the dis rupted rule of the .American public, than the sway of such a soulless, senseless, flocculent potentate. THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA. (From the Special Correspondent of the Times.) LETTERS FROM THE SOUTH. (No. I.) There is no use in prefixing a date or a direction to letters written at intervals from time to time, as I find occasion and opportunity in the course of my, wanderings through the South to halt at various stations and to put together the result of my ob servations and reflections on what I have seen, and I therefore shall forward this communication as soon as I can get within the reach of any postal system, just as it has been composed, uncertain when it may arrive in England or where it may be finished. As I write lam in the State of Missis sippi, and on my way to Virginia and thence to Washington. The time is the middle of June. As to all knowledge of the world outside the Confede rate States, lam in perfect ignorance. The posts are stopped, the telegraphs are mythical, the " news" not truthful or even novel, for a skirmish is made to do good duty as a battle, a victory, a glorious achievement, a brilliant success—in fact, 1 as everything but a skirmish, for at least a week or ten days.. Of the Northern States as little is known here as there is of Europe, and all one can learn of England or of France is contained in some dubious extracts from Northern papers in reference to the policy to be adopted or the opinions which have been expressed regarding the Confederate States whenever the general tone and temper of the remarks are favourable. This much by way of preface and explanation. With all their vehement hate of each other, and the wild exaggeration of their words, the Northern and the Southern armies are at present paralysed by want of an efficient transport in the presence of each other's outposts and on their own soil. There may be bloody conflicts, there may be considerable slaughter in undecisive fights, but no battle can be lost or gained of such a character as to produce any great influence on the course of the campaign till General Scott, on the one hand, and Mr. Davis, on the other, shall have succeeded in organizing an efficient force of cavalry, artillery, and, above all, a proper commissariat and transport. Mere infan try combats, unless in siege operations between covering and investing armies, rarely determine the issue of any war, no matter how sanguinary they may be. It is impossible for me to express any opinion as to the condition of the Northern army till I see it, but, so far as I have had means of exa mining the state of the Southern troops, I incline to think they are not at present capable of any'very great aggressive effort ; and I am disposed to the belief that nothing but the instinct of self-preserva tion will prove strong enough to hold them toge ther, even in a defensive attitude, for any consi derably protracted war. In cavalry and field artil lery they are miserably deficient, and mere talk about " cold steel" will not win victories or main tain successful campaigning. I doubt if Mr. Davis could for his supreme struggle just now put 3,000 horse and 50 pieces of light artillery in the field. If General Scott is not much better off, he has, at all events, the nuclei of both arms in the United States' cavalry and artillery which remain to him ; and it will not have been unobserved by Europe that, while the officers of the United States' army have to an extraordinary extent proved un faithful to their flag, or, at least, have gone over to the Confederate States, the troopers and common soldiers have, almost to a man, stood by their colours and refused to take service under any persuasion with the Secessionists. As to commissariat supplies, so long as the armies are scattered in various pro vinces or States resting on rivers, railroads, and towns, in the midst of corn growing, beef and mutton making communities, there may be no very great difficulties felt by either, but when the armies are massed together or moved away in rapid marches their deficient organisation on vital points will be speedily apparent and cruelly felt, and as the war goes on the North, having the sea open and supplies of food and other matters accessible, must have the advantage in the long run, if there be one. Even at this moment the Southern troops seize on carte, horses, and stores, for which the commissariat offi cers give receipts that at some time or other will entitle the owners to payment in Confederate States money. All this will icon be severely manifest in the States subject to these operations when regular campaigning:comes on, and unless a proper trans port and commissariat be organised, the country in which these armies move will assuredly be obliged to submit to pillage, plunder, unforeseen contribu tions, and much of the calamities of war, which will be intensified just in proportion to the want of iden tity of sentiment between the inhabitants and the ' troops moving through their villages. No one can say in such a conflict, or, indeed, in any warlike operations, what a day may bring forth, but it is evident as yet that the South has lost ground, and that the North has gained it since the fever of excitement which broke into flames at Sumpter ran through the Union, and devoured it with the consuming eagerness of the fire in stubble. A blockade has been enforced, which, despite all assertionsan d pretences to the contrary, has pro duced alr ea d y , to my certa i n k now l e d ge, muc h in convenience,and will, I believe, causs serious mis chief in the South. At present the Southerners are cheered by the hope, almost as strong as a conviction, that England and bleckide t o b e France enforceda s so 0 n d dare n s e t he o e t 0 t permit tonero the p i s ready, and that they will find means to raise, resist, or force it, even by a war with the United States. They loc impossibilit y o f enforcing a b their h e t ir e coast, a n d o f the thousands of k blockade tall:, l k of , too, al 1 o miles of coast which they Posses s , as the navies of the w orld coul d not do that whi c h th e navy is called on to perfor m. a a r f l (j an n g it u e a d g S e t k a i t a n s s' n bee a n v used ßut it is not necessary to blockade all these many miies of coast ; nature --thy; coral reef, th e sand bank, shallow water, dang erous seas, have done that From work most effectually. Eng land Chesapeake Bay, on a n elsewhere.o Similar that all the north-west frontier of Virg ini a , to Galveston, or Indianola, there is no por t which a vessel of ' large tonnage would care to enter w hich is not at this moment nearly as efficiently blockaded as is usual in war. The Fortress Monroe commands 1 Norfolk, the best harbour and port on the Southern coast. Broad River, Port Royal, and Wilmington are of little consequence, and can he closed at any moment. Savannah, Charleston, Pensacola, M?- bile, and New Orleans are at present under watch and ward. Cast your eyes over the chart of shallow, tumultuous, eddying waters, fanged with rocks and reefs, end breaking .on outlying sandbars, which chafe the shores of the Southern States, and you will sae abundant reason for the conclusion that. foreign shipowners will not be anxious to run in for cargoes on these dangerous coasts. As soon as the stock of merchandise, provisions, wines, clothing, bouts, tea, coffee, and such articles, now in the South is exhausted a powerful test will be ap plied to the statement that the South can supply itself, and can produce all that it wants. Already, . for example, there is an outcry against the scarcity of salt_ When the salting season comes what will i become of the meat ? And w i t h out sa l t por k what A THE RUSSIAN NriVY. The following details respecting the Russian naval force are taken from official resources :—At the end of 1860 the effective of the navy was— Admirals, 95; other officers, 3,245; civil func tionaries, 966 ; and sailors and marines, 55,216. The admirals, officers, and functionaries were fewer than at the end of 1859, but the sailors were 2,200 more. Of the total, 10 admirals, 2,332 officers, and 32,728 sailors were destined to serve afloat, and the rest for protecting the coasts. At the end of 1859 the fleet was thus composed :—Steam vessels-9 ships of the line, 22 frigates, 22 corvettes, 12 clip pers, 79 gunboats, 2 yachts, 25 schooners, 8 trans ports, 49 small steamers, 11 sloops, and 3 floating batteries. These various vessels were of 36,935 horse power, and armed with 2,374 pieces of can non. Sailing vessels-10 ships of the line, 6 fri gates, 3 corvettes, 5 brigs, 17 schooners, 2 luggers, 3 tenders, 13 transports, and 12 yachts ; the num ber of guns being 1,477. The total number of ves sels was 313, and of guns, 3,851. In the year 1860 the fleet was incr e a se d by the launching of the following vessels :—At St. Petersburg, a ship of the line Emp er or Nicholas 1., of 111 guns ; frigate Osliabia, 45; a corvette, Bogatyr, 17; a floating battery ; and various small vessels. At Cronstadt, a screw frigate the Oleg, 57 guns, and the ships of the line Sinope and Cesarewitch (num ber of guns not stated). At Archangel, a f r i g , ate, the Pe/ sevete, of 53 guns , and a steamer,:Solonahola, of 240 horse-power and 8 guns. At Niobol a i e ir , two corvettes, Yastreb and Cretchett),, each of 9 guns ; two steamers, Alouchta and Tchetyrdarth, each of 2, and an iron screw sarew sloop. At Abo, a sailing yacht, Zabava„ far the Grand Duke Alexis. At Biorneborg, two armed clippers Abrek Anil Vs Haidomac of 7. Itt Havre, d Vsadricl:, each of 5 guns. At Northifieet, inE a Dg ( _ in a F r r m an e c d e, two gun boats, illo In addition, the const ruct i on ofl rreand Tulene. t,vmil other vep sels for the fleet was c • oumaneed both in Russian ports and abroad, /EOM THE GAZETTE OF LAST NIGHT. 'WHITEHALL, JULY :31. The Queen has been pleased to present the R e v. JrCO M'Donald to the church and parish of Knock, in the pto' bytery and island of Lewis and county of ROSS, vacant by the death of the Rev. Peter Carner,n. The Queen has been pleas ,1 to pro,ent the V ni Al; Campbell M'lntyre to ihe church of Sehtag, m thePa r ' s o . of Applecross, in the presbytery of Lochcarron and coat!, of Ross, vacant by the transportation of the Rev. . 3-63 ' 1 Barnett to the church and parish of Kilbrandon. The Queen has also been pleased to p res ent the Reve rend Jobn Mein Austin to the church and parish of St. M ang°, in the presbytery of L o cbmab en a nd county of Dulnfr i° ' vacant by the death of the Reverend Andrew Jameson. , The Queen has also be e n pleased to p re sent the Reve re! John Pagan to the church and parish of ForgandennY, In the presbytery and county of Perth, vacant by the transpor; tation of the Reverend John Wilson to the church Oa parish of Dunning. FOdEIGN OFFICE, JULY 30. e 5 The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. Jara m Logan Dunolly as C , nsul at Kurrachee for his Majesty King of Hanover. The Queen has also been pleased to ar ove of Mr. Alt Stew , ,rt as Consul at Kurrachee lor the Free Nau sea " City of Hamburg. ST. JAMES'S PALACE, JULY 22. The Queen has been pleased, on the nomination of t i ll : Right Honourable Lord Foley, to appoint Captain Cha; Dresing, one of her Majesty's Honour a ble Corps of G oa ' - men-at-Arms, vice Deane, resigned. ST. JAMES'S PALACE, JULY 2 9 . t the TLe Queen has been pleased, on the nomination o ',, e3r . Right Hon. Lord Foley, to appoint Major Thomas on kins, late of the Madras Army, on e of he r Majestys Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms, vice H. S. Smith, I ' sl ' resigned. CROWN OFFICE, JULY 31. MEMBERS RETURNED TO SERVE IN THE PRESENT PARLIAMENT. a- - R• ' Lrd Cardwell, Jity of Oxford.—The ..,fight Hon. Edwa, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. City of London.— uc Western Wood, Esq., Cition ron , Fishmonger of London, in the room of the Right f John Russell (commonly called Lord J o hn Russell) , 11 f $ has accepted the office of Steward or Bailiff of her Majesty Manor of Northstead, in the county of York. AUGUST I. Borough of Morpeth—The Right Honourable Sir Ge" ge f Grey, Bart., G.C.B. of Falloden, in the county Northumberland , one of her Majesty's Principal Secretal of State. S" Borough of Tamworth—The Right Honourabl e to Robert Peel, of Drayton Manor, in the parish of WO to Bassett, in the county of Stafford, Bart., Chief Secrets ry the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. WAR-OFFICE, PALL-MALL, AUGUST 2. COMMISSARIAT DEPARTMENT.—Deputy-Assistant - 0 1 missary- General Arthur Thesiger West has been permu te to resign his Commission. CHAPLAIN'S DEPARTMENT.— O f d ie To be Chaplains ~, Second Class—Chaplain of th e Thi r d Cl ass , th e Rev. (.I . v . Langmead, M.A. ; Chaplain of the Thi r d Class, the P bo Charles Green, M.A. ; Chaplain of th e Thi r d Class, Rev. D. Robertson. To be Chaplain of the Third CI p es —Chaplain of the Fourth Class, the Rev. T. Gardner. AVERAGE PRICE OF SUGAR. Computed from the Returns made in the week en a o r July 30, 1861, exclusive of the duti es o f C us t o ms P,-,' 11 ,.,• 5 t payable thereon on the imp or t a ti on th ereo f into Britain : per cw t ,* a Muscovado, the produce of Briti s h A mer i ca 24s 4i Muscovado, the produce of the Mau r iti us 31s fli Muscovado, the produce of the East Indies.. —s Average price of the foregoing • • 25s 116 BANKRUPTCY ANNULLED. John Oates and Brooke Oates, woollen manufactilrer6 Dewsbury, York. BANKIIUPTS. well/ Edward Chat les Bald oc k, A y l es b ury - s t ree t , Clerk°ll $ chemist, to surrender, Aug. 12, at eleven, and S e pt. - one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. 174 Joseph Mantua, jeweller, Luton, Bedfordshire, At l „r .a r' P at one, and Sept. 11, at twelve, a t th e C our t o f ' ritptcy. joof Joseph Fisher, licensed victu a ll er , Cheapside, 131ort Aug. 12 and Sept. 20, at half-p ast tvcelve, at the Co v of Bankruptcy. qt, Ebenezer Price Jones, hosier, Crawley-street,t the Pancras, Aug li, at eleven, a n d S e pt. 20 , at twe lve, a Court of Bankruptcy. hal * Emanuel Paracelsus a t lli ngs h aa d, t a il or, Ch e lteu Aug 13 and Sept 10, at eleven, at the Bristol Pl str Court. William Kerr, hosier, Bath, A ug . 13 an d Sept. 9' st eleven, at the Bristol District Court. Joseph Levy, general dealer, 1 3, Finsbury Pavement Aug. 13 and Sept . 9, at one, at th e C our t o f Bankrupts us' ' George Srueeton , rag merchant, B a tl e y, Y cr k s hire,i' c , 4 , 20 and Sept. 10, at eleven, at th e C ommerc i a l-build u b Leeds. lifsP John Earnshaw and Geo rge E arrs h aw, dyers, 14 $ ieG Aug. 19 and Sept. 16, at eleven, at the Leeds Distr Court. 12 James Armitage, cheesemong er , W oo l w i c h, Aug of halt-past eleven, and Sept 20, a t e l even, at t h e Cou rt Bankruptcy. SCOTCH BANKRUPTS. I,ViMom Keith, spirit merchant, Edinburgh. George Rutherford, merchant, Dufftown, Banffshire. COUNTRY MARKETS. WAKEFIELD—Aua. 2 toThe demand for wheat was very limited. A few eh °t 4 Sf , mples met a fair sale at last week's rates, but other s°'o are is lower, and dull of sale. Beans, oats, and shelliati late rates. LOUGHBOROUGH-AL G. 1. At this market to-day the show of wheat was middliq: the best qualities selling at extr e m e p r i ces ; ot h er sor ts sw cheap—white, 60s to 6as ; red, 54s to 62s per 36 sto . ne; Barley quite as high as in the week previous, nialtl, selling at 37s to 41s per qr.. grinding 29s to 32s per 3 0 1: 0 . Oats a steady sale, and late values obtained. Beaus ve steady. EXETER—AuG. 2. Wheat, white.. is Od to7s 6d Barley.. Ditto new .7s Od to Os Od Oats Flour, fine, 44s to —s ; seconds, 42s to —s per SEC CATTLE CAT. Fat beef,p score, 12 s t o — s Od Ewes, per lb 60 to I la Perk carcases,do Il s 6d t o 12 s Wethers, do . 7d t° o Lambs, per lb 8d to 81d F a t calves, ' d0...61d to Rough fat, 31(1 per lb. 3s4s Od oa t t o o 53ss 6 1 I BRISTOL SUGAR—AuG. 2. ~e e k We have still a very q u i e t mar k e t f or sugar this ' s and prices have given way is p er ewt. Refined gintoo also heavy, and prices sot:newt:la.; less than last week. steady, but no sales of any importance. COAL MARI trrlees of Coal per Ton a: ET-AUG. 2 the close of the market s. d. Tanfield Moor 13 3 Tanfield Moor Butes l3 3 Lambert's West Hart- WO; End. s . • 19 3 Eouth Hetton ......• 00 0 Br:ddyll's Hetton• • • •. . . 19 9 Hartlepool.. ••• ....... 17 3 Durham ........... . 1 3 5 B y ron • ' • ,19 E 4 aswell ........ 3 Keiper Grange.. • • ' . Eden ............... 3 Tunstall Acorn Close ........ •/ 6 Thorpe •• • Ships at market, 51 solJ, 31. _ 1ey.... 16 9 Hartlepool West Hart ley 16 3 Craghead Hartley.... l4 6 Carr's Original Hartleyl7 0 Carway and Duffryn Mal tin.. 24 0 Do. Anthracite 1 6 Buddle's West Hartleyl7 01 THE MAILS. MAILS D UP,. \ustralia, Ceylon, and Mauritius (Via South ampton) ._ •• •• • . Auw Do. (via Marseilles) M g ' 4. Brazil and Cape Verds .. Buenos Ayres, Monte Video, &c. 13. Cuba and Mexico .. •• • Canada, &c. (via L'derry) At l g' 1 7 Cape of Good Hope, &c... China, Penang, and Singapore (via S'ampt4in) Aug' 4' Do (via Marseilles) Al' Gibraltar (via Southampton) .. .. • ; A u g' 2. India (Calcutta), Ceyl on , & o . (via Southampton) A u ,',.' . 4' Do. (via Mar s eilles) Aug' 10. India (Bombay), (via South ampton) . • • A u ° 4 , Do. (via Marseilles) .. .. Aug'i I.l' Lisbon Malta, Egypt, and Aden (via Southampton) .. A ug a . 4. Do. L (vi a M arse ill es ) .. Alt: 11. Vigo, and Oporto .. .• . • •-A, 1. United States, California, &c. .. .. kit t 10. kVe:-.tern Coast of Africa, Madeira, Teneriffe .. A u ,.. 5 '13 , West Indies and Pacific, Carthagena, Cuba, &c. -Min' Mental shock or great an x i e t y c h anges th e blacke sthair white. This colour, however, is to be restored with c er ' -- ‘,/ by Herring's magnetic brushes, &c. Dr. Hassell saY!' aB regard them as the most perfect brushes hitherto tua u t e i c ol respects their mechanical construction, and their magil e 4a. action." They are the remedy for grey hair, neuralgia, r Leo, matism, &c. N.B.—Counterfeits are being made. 32, B.uingnall-street, London. BIRTHS. o f CALEY.—On the Ist inst., •at Windsor, Mrs. Cale'' , son. if , of CORFIELI3,—On the Ist., at 25, Elgin-road, the v: Major General Corfield, of a daughter. 51 4 ' C HARRI NGTON.—On the lst inst., a t Great Gearies, ing-side, Essex, the wife of Spencer Charrington, of a daughter. MARRIAGES. n,cor gl3% BOSTON—SAUMAREZ —OR the 30th ult., at St. Georg Hanover-square, the Right Hon. Lord Bgston, t° j St' lino Amelia, eldest daughter of Colonel the Hon' • Vincent Saumarez. BLANKLEY—BANKS--- On the Ist: inst., at St. Low' Hampstead, R o b ert Bl mkley, of 15, Alexander-1110er' Brompton, t o A nna Banks, of Bellaport nous° , stock-hill, L H A E D ni d En urbe re.--04, ofth L c2 e d D a. i i3 ns A t., T at House) Saisburl' v, 1 4 ' .—On th e l e t i ns t , widow' of Mr. Ladd, late of 1 - I.M.'s Customs, aced 53. MAGRATH.—On the Ist inst U er -terrace, 113 1 i stead-heath, Edward Magrath, Esq. pp , late Secretary the Athenwum, Pall-mall, F.R.G.S., F.Z.S. Philip o MONEY.—On the let inst ,at Notting Ja in ') Money, Esq , a Inaoistra.. re of Norwich, and late c,p MITCH EL 17th Regt•--,, aged th 84. der L. On e 30th ult., at Cheltenham, Corago'n Thomas Mitchell, aged 78. ant , CHAPLIN.—On the 25th of June, a t Bermuda Meant, o f Jamaica, by a fall from his horse, John, eldest d C r oy Wm. Chaplin, Esq., of the Stock Exchange, an don, aged 42, .s. -- _ _ ..--_:----7 ------ -------- r ; At LONDON : Printed and Published by 31URIDO YOL) ,-1 0, No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN °thee, No. 112,6t:ei in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the county of raidw Saturday. August 3, 1801. 11 , 0` litA Brand tec " The eived ccl ntlien - "ranee tor th "Fire e "Life rtliat n , f ', pure Eirnilar ‘‘ that it This Pol 'lDens TAE a'iv,;( Eketß/, ?YR: eYal l A °Yai gam, ...*N 4 , 04 TA Or, 12n 1 01 Po Itz THE SUN, I LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 3, 1861.