The Sun. — London, England, 1861-09-05 00:00:00

GREAT WESTERN- RAILWAY. ELEVEN DAYS' EXCURSION t 3 the WEST of ENGLAND.—On TUESDAY, the 10th of September, an Excursion Train will leave PADDINGTON at 8 a.m., and Reading at 9.10 a.m., for Weston-super-Mare, Ifighbridge„ Bridgewater, Taunton, Tiverton, Exeter, Barnstaple (or Ilfracombe), Bideford, Starcross, Dawlish, Teig,nmouth, Newton, Torquay, ralgiltoll, Brixham-road (for Dartmouth). Totnes, Kingsbndge-road, and Plymouth ; returning Saturday, September 21, from Plymouth, at 6 a.m. Passengers will also be booked by this ! Train to Truro, Penzance, and other stations on the Cornwall Railways, proceeding from Plymouth on the following day, and returning to Plymouth on the 20th of September. For fares and full particulars see handbills. ALFRED MELLON'S PROMENADE CONCERTS. THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT-GARDEN. Band of nearly 100 Performers. Mdlle. PAREPA Every Evening,. Commence at Eight. Promenade, One Shilling. Conductor, Mr. ALFRED MELLON. THEATRE -ROYAL, HAYMARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Baokstone. THIS EVENING the Ballet, BACCHUS AND .ATUADNE. Miss Fanny Wright, the Leclercqs, Mr. Webster, moo. After which, a new Comedy, entitled T HE SOFT SEX. Mr. C. Mathews, Mr. Bnckstone, Mr. Compton, Mr. E.Villiers, Mrs. Charles Mathews, Mrs. Wilkins, Svc. To conclude with USED UP. Mr. C. Mathews. Commence a; T ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. blanager—Mr. Edmund Falconer. EVERY EVENING, at Eight o'clock, the new and suc or, Love against the World. cessful , irOMAN Characters by comedy MessVrs. Walter Lacy, Addison, Herman Vezin J. Robins, Mrs. C harles Young, Mrs. Weston, Miss Murra y: , and Miss Lydia Thomson. Preceded by, each evening, the new and original farce FETCHES ; or, The Onconvanience of Single entitled 'ME Life. Tim o'Reilly, Mr. Edmund Falconer; Mary O'Brady, Miss Lydia Thompson. Prices usuaL Doors open at half-past 8, to commence at 7 B o x-office open daily from 11 till 5. C ANTERBURY HALL CONCERTS, AND FINE ARTS GALLERY. Selectious from the following Operas :—NORMA, TRO vATORE, TRAVIATA, MARTHA, UN BALLO IN MASCHERA. The Comic department comprises the Prince of Comic Vocalists, Mr. SAM COWELL, who will appear at Nine and a quarter to Eleven o'clock—Mr. Marshall — Messrs. Harvey and French, " The Nerves "—Mr. Wood and his talented Son - and Miss Harriet Coveney. Musical Director, Mr. Jonghmans. Admission—Hall, 6d. ; Stalls and Balcony, Is. T H E O X F O R D, 6, OXFORD-STREET. EVERY EVENING. A Grand Selection from Verdi's new opera, " Simon Boc canegra" (now produced for the first time in this country), by Miss Russell, Messrs. C. Greville, Tivoli, Greene, Morley, and Herbert ; also from Verdi's " Macbeth " by Madame Enderssohn and the antire Company. Full band and chorus. Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans. Varied Comic entertain ments by Messrs. M. P. Foster, Sam Collins, Harvey and French (the Nerves), E. Marshall, and W. Randall. Hall, sixpence; Balcony and Stalls, one shilling. Private Boxes, Ds. 6d. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THU DAY.—Morning, lh. 58m.—Afternoon, 2h. 20m. To-moußow.-Morning, 2h. 40m.—Afternoon, 2h. 58m. THE WEATHER.—SuIa OFFICE, SEPTEMBER 5, Is6l, THERMOMETER, IN THB SHADS. 68—highest since noon yesterday. 59—lowest this morning and during the night. 73—this day at noon. BAROMETER-30.09. WIND—N.-W. ; with fine sunshiny weather. #.9? 4 :!_...._._-‘', 1, ~,,.., ~,,,,;-; 4 ,,, „, ti _ 4 ~,...v 4.,v4, : ~;=:[=- 1 , , , , -' 4. --,, . , 1 4.4 ", -, ! - ',l , r -"*"". ....__\.'•.! '.'`l . r 4 s, --,i 7 <„:7 - 4 j ,— . 4- • * ' k , ,:_,-___.,_________,-- '-. `' - '''''' ' ' 4- "; ~It,:k•-....4...... ,,:-, , • i t .‘ ..._._ ..,, x..., THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EV Ei;iiN 6, SEPTEMBER 5. 1861 THE SUN. LONDON, THURSDAY, SEPT. 5, 1861. Mr. FAIRBAIRN'S faith in iron is implicit. And no wonder. If any one yet remains to be told in this Age of Iron, what can be accomplished by iron and with iron, we have only to say, in the last word of WREN'S epitaph, Circumspice. Our roads are of iron, mapping out the whole country as with a network. The fiery dragons harnessed to our cars, in lieu of horses—are of iron. Iron are our great ships floating upon the deep : and iron the terrible implements of war constructed to de stroy them. Iron, too, the formidable projectiles hurled—to distances and with velocities that were the ridicule of Yesterday—by those catapults of , modern times, our Whitworth and Armstrong Guns. It was only the other day at the dawn of this age of iron that our analytical chymists, apply ing their researches to the elucidation of some of the mysteries of anatomy, demonstrated that iron, as one of the constituents of the human blood, courses through our veins at every pulsation. Do any wish to have epitomised for them the marvels accomplished of late years principally through the agency of this wonderful metal P That abstnict of the History of Iron and of its astound ing applications, may be turned to in another part of our impression of this evening. And when turned to we can promise confidently that to every thoughtful reader it cannot by any chance prove oVierwise than a source not simply of instruction an d entertainment, but of marvel and admiration. It re:, \ds in parts like a fairy tale, that account of the scientific achievements of the last half century, delivered last evening at Manchester by Mr. FAIR BAIRN, in the shape of his inaugural address as Pre sident of this, the thirty-first annual meeting of the British Association. Not that the survey taken by Mr. FAIRBAIRN in this inaugural address is to be regarded as having been by any means restricted to a consideration of the marvels wrought in iron during the present genera tion and its one on two predecessors. That survey ombracing within it, as it does, all the na tural sciences, may be said literally like " the Poet's Eye in a fine phrenzy rolling," to have glanced " from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven." The last achievements of our astronomers are taken into account by the newly installed President of the British Association not ono iota less carefully than our latest achievements in engineering. Engineer though he is—what though 'mechanics constitute essentially his forte, and deal ing in iron at once his delight and his metier—Mr. FAIRBAIRN treats upon the science of astronomy with the gusto of a HERsCHELL, upon magnetism with the relish of a FARADAY, and upon geology with the rest of a MURCHISON. It is not until after ho has traversed these magnificent fields of investi gation in retrospect; it is not until he has glanced over the labours of an OWEN in zoology, until he has tracked the footsteps of a LIVINGSTONE into Central Africa in illustration of the development of our geographical knowledge, until he has pene trated hither and thither in all the various depart ments of natural philosophy, that he at last fixes his attention upon themes upon which he n ow spea k s with an authority perhaps beyond that of any man yet living. Before referring more particularly to this, to ou`... thinking by far the most important, part of the inaugural address of the new President of the British Association, falling as it did from the lips of WILLIAM FAIRBAIRN, it may be interesting to notice allusions made by him to the dependence, more or less, of ali our later mechanical im provements, unon those two great sources of our national Nvealth, and those two great materials for the display at once of our ingenuity and indus try—iron and coal. " We are highly favoured," says Sir. FAIRBAI - 11N, and with reason, " We [English] are highly favoured in the abundance of these minerals, deposited with an unsparing hand by the great Author of Nature under so slight a covering as to bring them within the reach of the miner's art. To them 'we owe our present high state of perfection in the :iseful arts ; and to their e xtended application hie may safely attribut e our national progress and wOalth. So that, looking to the many blessings a nd hourly whin. we daily receive from these sources alone, we are impre ssed with devotion a l feelings .Df gratitude to the AL MIGHTY for th e manifold b ounties He has bestowed upon us." lle then comes to the uttoranse of the name of that great material Benefactor of our Country and of our Age—the TITBAL CAIN of these later times—whose achievements, could they but have been accomplished in the days F oimsteient mythology, would have led to his deifica tion by the gratitude of his ignorant contempo raries. " Previously to the inventions of HENRY CORT"—one feels shame somehow at the utterance of that honoured and yet neglected name—the name of one whose impoverished descendants have but just now tardily obtained the merest dole in the shape of a wretched little pension, in recognition of services that have already enriched England by a sum com puted at the very least at £200,000,000 " Pre viously to the inventions of HENRY CoRT," says Mr. FAIREAIRN, " the manufacture of wrought iron was of the most crude and primitive descrip tion. A hearth and a pair of bellows was all that was employed. But, since the introduction of puddling, the ironmasters have increased the production to an extraordinary extent, down to the present time, when processes for the direct conversion of wrought iron on a large scale are being attempted. A consecutive series of chemical researches into the different processes, from the calcining of the ore to the production of the bar has led to a revolution in the manufacture of iron ; and although it is at the present moment in a state of transition, it nevertheless requires no very great discernment to perceive that steel and iron of any required tenacity will be made in the same furnace, with a facility and certainty never before attained. These improvements," he remarks later on, "in the production of the material must, in their turn, stimulate its appli cation on a larger scale and lead to new constructions." He then goes on to specify some of the more remarkable among these modern applica tions of iron in various fields of human enterprize, In regard to ship building, in regard to heavy ord nance, in regard to tubular bridges, Mr. FAIRBAIRN speaks with an authority—especially upon the particular subject last mentioned—in which he stands forth, even amongst his most eminent con temporaries, in a manner unrivalled. Speaking of the application of iron to our great ships of war, for example, is it not profoundly interesting, and not only interesting, but full of encouragement to our patriotic hope s and aspirations when we can hear a man like FAIRBAIRN ut tering confidently these words :—" I give no opinion as to the details of the reconstruction of the navy—that is reserved for another place—but I may state that lam fully persuaded that the whole of our ships of war must be rebuilt of iron, and defended with iron armour calculated to resist pro jectiles of the heaviest description at high velocities." Remember, these words are uttered by a man who knows perfectly well what he is talking about. They carry with them the weight derivable from all his immense practical knowledge and ample experience. He speaks upon this point, it cannot fail to be remarked, as confidently as when refer ring to the length of span, in the construction of our tubular bridges, that can be attained with safety, but that cannot be exceeded with safety, he says later on that not only may the span of 400 or 500 feet be considerably surpassed, but that we have only to take care that we do not exceed a span of from eighteen hundred to two thousand feet,—beyond which alone, he tells us, " the stru3ture would be destroyed by its own weight." Among many most valuable prac tical hints that are thrown out incidentally, and upon a remarkable variety of subjects, in the course of this singularly comprehensive address, there is one of a sanitary character that is peculiarly entitled to notice—particularly by us Londoners. It is a suggestion—the one we are now referring to—that if but adopted, if but actually carried out, would throw altogether into the shade thence forth the beneficent achievement of good Sir HUGIS MIDDLETON. The utterance of that old Knight's name will indicate at once that Mr. FAIRBAIRN'S proposition has reference to the really vital question of the water supply of the metropolis. It is to the effect that we should emulate here in Lon don as has been already done so magnificently at Glasgow, whither (or at least to a distance of eight miles from Glasgow) the pure waters of Loch Katrine have been brought through a covered tun nel 27 miles in length there (at eight miles from Glasgow) to be emptied irate the service reservoir ! Thence to be conveyed across those still interven ing eight miles to the extent of 40,000,000 gallons of limpid water per diem ! Mr. FAIRBAIRN pro poses now—in emulation of this accom plished achievement that a similar work should bring the crystalline waters of Wales home here to the houses of our 2,000,000 or 3,000,000 Londoners. He says, "We may look forward to an extension of similar benefits to the metropolis, by the same engineer [Mr. BATEMAN the engineer of the gre‘at water works at Glasgow] whose energies are now directed to an examination of the pure fountains of Wales, from whence the future supply of water to the great city is likely to be derived. A work of so gigantic a character may be looked upon as problematical, but when it is known that six or seven millions of money would be sufficient for the exeeution, I can see no reason why an undertaking of so much consequence to the health of London should not ultimately be accomplished." Only £6,000,000 or £7,000m0, for the securing of such a priceless boon as that to our 3,000,000 Londoners ! Comparing the estimated cost of the work with the work itself—it is the merest bagatelle. If upon another glance down those columns of our journal which are filled this evening with this re markable address, if upon that renewed glance at Mr. FAIRBAIRN's speech of yesterday, down at Manchester, we only call to mind the amount of solid information conveyed by it to his hearers (who were counted by thousands), and to his readers (who will be counted by millions)—every one will allow the good and valid reason there was for the resolution proposed immediately after its close by Lord STANLEY, the resolution expressive of the gratitude of the meet ing to its Chairman, the President of the British Association, for the words be had just uttered. 11t,:gether this inaugural address of the President will he found worthy of perusal from beginning to end—for the simple reason that it is especially worthy of the occasion and of the man. " Piedmontese atrocities in Naples !" Such is the announcement, not of Mr. BOWYER or Arch bishop CULLEN, but of a gentleman resident in the country, and not willing to believe evil of the better side. He has far better means of deciding on the value of the evidence than we can have in this country, and we therefore follow his account with no more hesitation than the probability of minor corrections being made in some of the details, It is probably true that at Pontelandolfo " not one of those who remained" in the town was spared;" and that women and children, as well as men, were murdered by the Bersaglieri, enraged by the wanton butchery of their commander. It can hardly also be doubted that General PIN ELLI, of whom we have heard before from Mr. BOWYER, did shoot 48 of his prisoners in cool blood, and that among them was one, himself the prisoner of the executed brigands, and who in vein asked permission to show that he was among them only perforce. Another story, that of the 300 persons burnt in a wood near Potenza, seems more likely to be apocryphal, at least an exaggeration. "Woods will burn more easily in Italy than in England, yet it does not seem very likely that if small, 300 would crowd into it for shelter, or that if large, they could not escape from the flames, and even from the smoke. The writer, however, though, as he says, he " could not swear to these facts in a court of justice," yet adds, " they are reported to me by one who is as well informed as any man in Niples who was long a sufferer in person under the late dynasty, whose sympathies are strongly witi the cause of a united Italy, and who closed his report by saying—" the BOURBONS committed great cruel ties, but we must be silent." Now, none can deplore more than we do, that there should be every reason to believe that these accounts are substantially facts. We may admit that, men and soldiers being what they are, the provocations on the side of the brigand reactionaries fully serve to account for them ; but though they account for them, they do not justify them. It is acknowledged that CIALDINI and his subor dinates began only too mildly ; but it appears that as the work went on they warmed in it. The atrocities they met on all sides stirred up a feeling common to all civilians as well as soldiers, with the difference that the latter have in their hands the means of gratifying their feelings. When we remember the sentiments with which the most peaceful of us regarded the atrocities of NANA S A HIB and the mutinous Sepoys, we cannot be surprised that Italian soldiers should be stimulated by outrages equally maddening on the part of the hired brigands of Naples. Not the less do we regret that vengeance should have been indulged. A noble opportunity has been lost of showing a superiority to revenge, which would, we believe, have done far more for the peace of the South than the course 'actually pursued. The Piedmontese should have proved to the inhabitants the diffe rence between themselves and Bourbons and Austrians. They might have left to the latter the reputation of wholesale executions, and of murdering the innocent while executing the guilty. It may be said that when once the con duct of a district compels a resort to martial law, none at a distance from the spot can judge between what is necessary severity, and what is cruelty. But we can hardly assent to this. The NEBUCHAD NEZZAR and DARtus -like style of execution— " with wives and children and all that they had," will never be endured by Christian civilisation ; and we are, indeed, grieved that anything could irritate Piedmontese to even such a feeble imitation of Austrian butchery. The real author of all, however, is the man on whom the chief censure of Europe must rest. That man is Cardinal ANTONELLI. The man who wields the temporal powers of the POPE the butcher of Perm/ie. this is the wretch on whom the execrations of humanity ought to fall. He it is who gives FRANCIS 11. a home and free quarters at Rome, who enables him to supply the brigands with muskets and with money, and with a refuge beneath the wing of the POPE when they are in danger of being sur rounded in the districts conterminous with papal territory. He does his best himself from the papal treasury and arsenals, and he enables FRANCIS 11. to do yet more. These horrid ac counts lead, therefore, to the same conclusion with the circular of RIcAsoLI and the recent Paris Pamphlet,—that Rome must be swept out. That the ANTONELLIS must be ' rendered harm less, and the ex-Kings banished. If the tem poral power of the POPE were worth anything, it is not worth the cost to Italy of a central focus of reactionary conspiracies and savage cruelties, gendering repressive measures too like those they are designed to repress. Perugianism in Naples will probably not cease till the blood-stained author of the Perugian Massacre is stripped of his power. The Canadian brings us information of no move ment of importance on either side. All is still watching and preparation. The last advices from Washington represented the capital as almost in a panic. The volunteers were hurrying up to order, before their regiments were completed, and the South was preparing to cross the Potomac into Maryland, to seize Annapolis and Baltimore, and to to return like an avalanche on Washington; and the batteries, under cover of which the Potomac was to be crossed, were in course of erection. This storm would seem to have blown over. The Potomac has been thoroughly examined, by order of the Navy Department, and no signs of a hostile force have been found. We suppose we are to assume that there is no present danger therefore in that quarter. It might indeed be difficult for a naval examination to detect batteries masked by woods on the banks ; but such an examination could hardly have failed to detect boats and rafts which must have been preparing in some creek or inlet had preparations been in progress to transport a suffi cient body of men across the river. Most probably the South cannot afford to run the risk of dividing its Virginian army. From Missouri the accounts were different. There, probably encouraged by the retreat of poor LYON'S small army to Rolla, the statement is that the Confederates are preparing to invade that State and to take the offensive. It would appear, by the sad complaints made by General LYON, that the Government either had not the means of strength ening the army west of the Mississippi, or that it was strangely indifferent to its fate. The Sumter privateer continues to defy the United States navy in its own waters and to make prizes. The only forward movement reported of the Federalists is one of General BANKS, whom we last heard of at Harper's Ferry, where he had superseded General PATTISON—it is said that he had advanced to take possession of Winchester, a town in Virginia opposite, at about thirty miles dis tance, to Harper's Ferry, and connected with .it by a railway. PATTISON reached almost as far once, but retreated. The army of the North, we are told, is to be an army of ‘' themselves bluejackewtso only hope they will.;thy We prove of such a uniform. however, been achie ve d One decided success has, by the North—if has captured every copy of the New York Daily News. No less than one thousand copies of it were f or th e S o uth and West ; we may conclude, theref ore , th a t th e y were not filled with, in the Northern view of things, patriotic matter. The special charges against the edition seized have not reached us yet, perhaps never may, so that we are wholly unable to tell whether it was guilty only of " bringing the Government into hatred and con tempt," or of the practical treachery of revealing facts which were contraband of war between the North and the South. Of another journal, bearing the pacific name of the Christian Observer, the definite charge is made of its containing a " virulent article on the war." The paper is, we suppose, a peace and compromise -at-any-price paper, and, like the advocates of peace here, the member for Birming ham especially is fierce in the cause of amity. The Press has bean long at the mercy of the mob-Royal in America ; it seems now to be at the feet of the President-Dictator. L r/t E 8. VIENNA, SEPT. 5. The Emperor left Vienna yesterday evening, for Ischl, and may be expected to return on Sunday next, in order to receive the address of the Lower House of the Reichsratb. MADRID, SEPT. 4 (EVENING). The Epoca of to-day contains a remarkable article, in which it says :—" In view of the present state of things in Europe it is necessary to evacuate Tetuan on honourable conditions, in order to allow of the concentration of the Spanish forces." The Correspondencia Autografa of to-day, in alluding to the above article, declares that no reso lution has yet been taken on the question, but that it is not impossible that the Government entertains those views. WARSAW, SEPT. 3. A solemn funeral service for those who fell in the recent disturbances at Wilna was held today in all the churches and synagogues of this city. The people wore mourning bands on their hats and the shops were closed. The city is tranquil. FRANCE. I:a Patrie publishes the following semi-official communication : " A Belgian paper announces that the Marquis de Lavalette has visited London to concert with the English Government respecting the evacuation of Rome. We believe we may say that the announce ment is completely inexact." La Patrie also publishes the following, under the head of " Latest Intelligence" : " A despatch from Rome of the 3d inst. informs us that strict orders have been sent to the French officers commanding detachments on the frontier to prevent any incursion of Piedmontese troops into the Roman territory. " The same despatch announces the arrival at Civita Vecchia of the steam frigate Cacique from Toulon with 900 soldiers on boar& The Cacique had also many articles on board required by the French authorities at Rome in consequence of the prolongation, still for a long time to come, of our occupation." La Patrie also announces that a French naval division will continue to cruise off the coast of Syria during the whole winter for the protection of the Christians. BOURSE, Sept. 4.--All the business connected with the settlement being now at an end, the market is again relapsing into its previous state of inertness, prices, however, continuing firm, Threes, for the Account, are now at 69f 10c. Railway Share Market dull. The following are the last quotations :- 4t per per Cents 9B 60 I Credit Foncier ....1208 75 Do. end month i Belgian 41. lOl 3 per Cents Do. end month 69 20 1 Roman Bank Shares 2915 —1 Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 767 50 ; Spanish Threes 49 50 Do. Account 768 751 Home Debt RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1425 1427 50 Northern New ditto Lyons and Mediterranean 1025 .. 1025 Geneva 342 50 .. 343 75 Southern 665 .. 666 25' Western Eastern Sardinian Austrian Lombard 542 50 .. 543 75 POLAND. (FROM A CORRESPONDENT.) WARSAW, AUG. 28. General Count Lambert has arrived at last, and entered on his office of Lieutenant-General of the kingdom of Poland. His first acts upon his assum ing the Governorship have had a good effect, and it was high time for such a change, as the situation has been made almost intolerable by his predeces sor. The irritation and mutual hatred between Poles and Russians have attained their highest pitch. People and soldiers are exasperated by the prolongation of this passive resistance on both sides. The permanent display of the military force in the streets of Warsaw has alike served to revive the animosity of the people and to brutalise the soldiers. It was high time to put an end to such an abnormal state of things, as it might have resulted in fright ful consequences. The first disposition issued by General Lambert was the withdrawal of the troops from the public places and streets. This step has produced a re markable effect upon the population, so much so that the new Viceroy is to be seen in the streets almost alone and without General Suchozanet s customary escort of Cossacks. This proof of confi dence on the part of the Viceroy is fully appre ciated by the public, who receive him everywhere with marks of respect and hopeful cheers, while General Suchozanet used to order his Cossacks to make hunts after street boys who had not taken off their caps in a proper manner. General Lambert has equally made a very good impression by the affable manner with which he meets those who have any intercourse eivith him. It is to be hoped that he will have the good fortune of answering the confidence and the hopes placed in him, but his task is of the highest difficulty, and his best endeavours cannot lead to any good result if a total change of policy towards Poland is not in contemplation. A mild and humane admi nistration can for a time produce a lull in the general exasperation of the people, but real conces sions only can pacify this long-tried country. Very few people expect any notable good from the reforms and instructions of which General Lambert is said to be the bearer, but many people indulge in the hope that he will put a stop to the merciless persecutions which, in a most revengeful manner, are carried on secretly. A great many persons have been arrested nightly at their dwell ings, or stopped in the streets or churches, and cal ried away, so that not a clue is left as to where they have been transported. The fortress of Modlin is crowded with prisoners sent in from the different provincial towns. All classes of society have their representatives there—clergy, nobility, gentry, tradespeople, and peasants have an equal share in these razzias of the Russian proconsuls. Many have been sent from thence into the interior of proper Russia, especially clergymen and public func tionaries. It is the old system of Nicholas, which I has been revived by General Suchozanet, and for the execution of which he has called around him the same men who, during the late reign, have been its most active tools. Nothing could conciliate more to General Lambert general confidence than by putting a stop to this barbarous violation of legal forms and human principles. Whilst the inhabitants of the kingdom of Poland are in a moment of hopeful suspense, the heavy hand of revengefulness and terrorism weighs upon the Polish provinces incorporated with Russia. This part of Poland, though inhabited by the same race of people, is considered by the Russians as an integral part of their empire, and no greater crime can be imputed to its inhabitants than that of speaking their own language, of praying according to the faith of their forefathers, of sympathising with their relatives in other parts of Poland ; in a word, the crime remembering, and so hoping. The revival of the national spirit could not but be shared by the nation at large, and all the parts of Poland have proved recently that neither time nor a long terrible slavery can destroy the vitality of a once powerful, civilised, and large nation. Although there are very scanty news from those parts, as all communication, even that by post, has been cut off, still we learn here from time to time of fearful persecutions going on in Lithuania, Podolia, and Ukraine. The recent massacres at Wilna could have been anticipated by the following or dinance, . published last week by the Director of Police of that town. Its contents show well enough the ferocity and the iraclacability of the Russian authorities : 1. The singing of exciting hymns in the streets as well as in churches is most severely forbidden, being an infringement of the sanctity of the house of God and of the respect due to the authority, as also any assemblage in the streets. 2. Should the inhabitants dare show disobedience to the present ordinance, they are to be driven away by military force, as it was done yesterday, and they will incur a severe punishment according to the laws. 3. The women and mothers are warned not to yield to the instigations of the crowds, and are ordered to remain quietly at home, not to expose themselves and their children to the evident danger arising from the use of arms. 4. It is forbidden, under the strictest responsi bility, to go out of doors after 9 o'clock, the time when the tatoo is sounded; and if any one is com pelled by an extraordinary necessity to go out after that time, he will not be per mitted to do so until provided with a lantern, and he is bound to answer the patrols his name, his address, the reason of his being out, and the place where he intends to go. 5. At every gate and entrance of the town mili tary guards are posted. All persons coming to town or leaving it are bound to show to them their papers and passports, and are to declare whither they are going and on what sal t of business. Any person acting against these orders shall be arrested and delivered up to the Director of the Police, to be dealt with according to further instruc tions. Published by order of the Lieutenant-Governor. The Director of Police of the town of Wilna, (Signed) WA SILEW. The events which gave rise to the above ordi nance are thus related by a reliable person : For some time previous to the fearful massacre which has been perpetrated in Wilna the inhabi tants used to walk in procession, singing hymns at the gates of Ostra Brame, where, for centuries, a sanctuary of the Holy Virgin has been visited by the pious of all parts of Poland. On the 18th inst., whilst the assemblage was larger than usual, they found themselves suddenly surrounded by infantry and Cossacks. Notwithstanding the crowd began to disperse quietly through the gates, the sol diers rushed upon them at a given signal and began the work of slaughter with their lances and bayo nets, whilst the Cossacks trampled down, with wild shrieks, old men, women, and children, of whom the crowd was chiefly composed. The shrieks of the victims caused the greatest indignation, and it required superhuman forbearance and the greatest exertions on the part of some citizens to restrain the people from throwing themselves with their unarmed hands upon the soldiers. As much as could be ascertained up to the present time eight persons were killed on the spot, and more than 100 wounded. The number of persons who have been arrested can be reckoned by hundreds, many women amongst them, and the utmost con sternation now prevails in the whole Lithuania. The Marshal of the nobility, Domejko ; the Presi dent of the Civil Tribunal, Czeehowicz ; and the General Trylinski, are to wait upon the Governor Nazimow, in order to make the necessary repre sentations. Before closing my letter I feel bound to state that the rumour of a man, a spy, having been found hanged in this city is likely to turn out one of the usual canards of the German newsmonger, as no one here knows anything about it, though the re port is of more than a week's date. SAN DOMINGO. Parliamentary papers recently published, relat ing to the annexation of Eastern San Domingo, to Spain, include the following expression of opinion on the part of our Foreign Minister : " LORD J. RUSSELL TO AIR. EDWARDES. " Foreign-office, May 14, 1861. " It is for the Spanish Government to weigh in the balance of their judgment the advantages and inconveniences which may arise from the annexa tion of the territory of the Dominican State to the dominions of Spain ; and any opinion which her Majesty's Government may form on the subject can be founded on no other consideration than a regard for what they may look upon as the real and permanent interests of Spain. " Her Majesty's Government would, no doubt, have felt a strong and decided dissatisfaction at the proposed annexation if it had been likely to lead to the introduction of slavery into a community which is free from the taint of that pernicious institution; but the formal and repeated declarations of Marshal O'Donnell, that under no circumstances will slavery be introduced into the Dominican territory, have removed the main cause which would hive led her Majesty's Government toviewthe proposed annexa tion with dislike and repugnance. " Her Majesty's Government certainly appre hended, when first this projected annexation was talked of, that it might, if carried into execution, involve Spain in unfriendly discussions, it not in conflict, either with France or the United States, or with both. With regard to France, her Majesty's Government have not learnt that the French Go vernment has expressed any positive objection to the proposed arrangement, although she may not think it advantageous to Spain. It appears, also, from what has been stated to you, that there is no probability at present of any positive resistance to the measure, either by the Northern or Southern Confederation of North America. But the Spanish Government should not too confidently rely on the permanent continuance of thisindifference or acqui• escence on the part of the North Americans; and it is not impossible that when the civil war which is now breaking out shall have been brought to an end —an event which may happen sooner than at pre sent appears likely—both the North and the South might combine to make the occupation of the Domi nican territory by Spain the cause of serious diffe rence between the North American Governments and that of Spain. " Her Majesty's Government do nct deny that Great Britain, as a power naturally inclined to peace, and systematically addicted to com merce, must always view a war between any two Powers as an event not only at variance with her principles, but to a certain extent injurious to her interests. But, with respect to Spain, le motives of the British Government spring from far higher sources. Great Britain and Spain hafe for long periods of time, and in circumstances o! high mo ment to each, been faithful and active a.lies ; their alliance has been greatly useful and eminently honourable to both. It is a fundamental maxim of British policy to wish well to Spain, ant earnestly to desire her welfare and prosperity, and therefore any combination of events which might at any time involve the possibility of Spain being engaged in a conflict which, from local circumstances and disadvantages might be in the end seriously injuri ous to her rule over her ancient possessbns, would be viewed by her Majesty's Government with lively apprehension and sincere regret." The general rates of discount on the Continent remain without much alteration, except at Pari3, where the grain importations have caused money to be in demand at 4i to i per cent. At Hamburg the charge is `.l per cent., at Frankfort 2 per cent., at Amsterdam 3 per coat., at Ber lin 4 per cent., and at Vienna 5 per sent. At Brussels the bank rate was 3 per cent., but it was raised to 4 per cent. the day before yesterday. The wise policy of working short time as a pre caution against the contingencies of the cotton supply, and of the glutted state of distant markets for manufactured goods, continues to make progress. According to the Man chester Guardian of yesterday, several spinning and weav ing establishments at Staleybridge, Oldham, Preston, Blackburn, Burnley, and Clitheroe have limited their ope rations to four days a week. THE AMAZON.—The attempts made to raise this yacht from her position off Hyde Pier yesterday, by sling ing her to two steamers were without success. The trial will be resumed to-day with lumps from the dockyard. The owner has turned her over to the steampacket company whose boat ran into and sunk her. He claims £2,500 as LOCRADE.--As an instance of compensation TnEAmEn fo l r c h A e N rl ß oss. the laxity of the American blockade it may be mentioned that a number of American vessels bought at Southern ports by British subjects and provisionally registered by British Consuls, and which managed to evade the Federal cruisers, have reached Liverpool and been regularly registered at the customhouse. They have brought valuable cargoes of tobacco, &c. FRAUDULENT SCORE AT A RIFLE MEETING.— At the commencement of the recent match at Altcar, the sergeant in command of one of the squads had occasion to go up to the' target, and was followed by one of his squad, a sergeant in a Lancashire corps. The latter had a con sultation with the marker, and then returned. This indi vidual was the first to commence, and on his shot being fired the marker scored a bull's eye. It appeared on exa mination that this was a mispresentation, and that the ser geant had bribed the marker. His officers, who were pre sent, deprived him of his stripes, and it is understood that a court-martial is to b e held on him. THE AerimLSL screw steamer New York, Capt. G. , Lloyd G Wenke, sailed henc e at 2 p . m. for New York, with the MAILS, &C.—SOUTHAMPTON, Sept. 4.—The North German and English mails, 386 passengers, £1,061 in specie from England ; 26,844 f. from Havre, 68,465 dollars from Bremen, and 400 tons of cargo. Among her passengers are the Revs. E. T. Purcell, E. Lieb, and A. M. Tobbe, and two sisters of the Good Shepherd ; also Mr. Valentine Bausenwein, aide-de-camp to Gen. Garibaldi. The Penin sular and Oriental Company's screw steamship Ceylon, Capt. R. W. Evans, also sailed to-day for Gibraltar, Malta, and Alexandria, with the heavy East India and China mails. She has 77 first and 24 second class passengers, among whom are Ensign Chambers and Dr. T. Stratton, for Malta ; Col. and Mrs. Hadden, for Ceylon ; Capt. H. D. and Mrs. Faulkner for Madras ; Captain C. K., Mrs., and Miss Stewart, Colonel and Mrs. Pratt, Captain L. Clark, Major J. and Mrs. Jordan, Captain and Mrs. Lamb, for Calcutta; Baron von de Beele, lady, and family, for Singapore ; Mr. H. R. Shaw, R.N., for Hong Kong, &c. Among the passengers who proceed via Marseilles (45 in number) are Capt. H. Dixon, for Madras ; Capt. A. K. Lomber, Major and Mrs. Agnew, and Ensign Bury, for Calcutta. The Ceylon takes on freight 161 boxes of specie, jewellery, &c., value £57,483 15s.—viz., for Alexandria— sovereigns, £16,000. For Madras—gold coin, £849; silver coin, Bs. ; gold thread and jewelry, £905. For Calcutta-- jewelry and watches, £1,504 7s. For Singapore—watches, .1115. For Hong Kong—dollars and bar silver, £2,900 ; watches and jewelry, £602. For Foo-chow-foo—dollar s' £2,000. For Shanghai—bar silver, £ 15 , 000 ; dollars, £17,160; jewelry and watches, £448. The ship Oithona, Captain Holmes, which left this port on Sunday for Mel bourne, with Government emigrants, took out 2741 statute adults, of whom upwards of 200 were single women; the emigrants are in charge of Surgeon-Superintendent Sanger, one of the oldest medical officers in the service of the emi gration department. COUNT CAGLIOSTRO.—During his stay in London, after his escape from the Bastille, he formed a connexion with a fanatic of a very different stamp—Lord George Gor don, with whom Barnaby .Rudge has made us all so well ac quainted. It is a curious fact, when we remember Caglios trio's liking' for Judaism, that Lord Gordon became a ffebrew in his later years. At the same period, Cagliostro also entered into relations with the Theological Sosiety of the Swedenborgians. Per contra, he found a rude adver sary in Morand, the editor of the Courrier de l'Europe, who so pursued him with his biting sarcasms, while preying the truth of his statements, that the great Kofi could not pro long his stay in England. In Germany he had lost all credit, through the frankness with which Eliza von der Recke re vealed Cagliostro's nullity and her own weakness, and also, it must be conceded, through the false charge brought against him at Berlin of being an agent of the Jesuits. One illusion is, in truth, more easily destroyed by another illu sion than by the simple truth. Still Cagliostro succeeded in establishing a mother lodge of Freemasons for Switzer land at Basle; but at Bieltho local authorities tookunabrage at his performances, and his wife was obliged to declare on oath, in the presence of the magistrates, that her husband had always lived as an honest man and good Catholic ; and the information collected by the authorities was consequently false. At Turin the Sardinian Government ordered him to leave the kingdom immediately ; Joseph 11. had him driven out of Roveredo, and that Prince also had him expelled from Trent, where he had contrived to gain the goodwill of the Archbishop by affecting a deep penitence and going fre quently to mass. He proceeded thence to Rome, where h;,,, adventurous career was destined to end. Betrayed by one of his adepts, he was arrested and taken to the Castle of St. Angelo, on Nov. 27, 1789.—Once a Week. AMERICA. NEW YORK, AIM. 23. (Per Nova Scotia, via Quebec and Londonderry.) The news from Washington is unimportant. A thorough examination of the Potomac has been made by order of the Navy Department. No signs of a hostile force have been found. The New York Intelligencer has advices via Ken tucky, stating that the Confederates were preparing to invade Missouri, and intended to commence an offensive movement on the Cheat Mountain Pass. The privateer Sumter is still at liberty. A Curnoa letter, dated August 7, states that she cap tured the schooner Abbey Bradford and the barque Joseph Maxwell, off La Guavara. It appears that the Venezuelan Government re fused the Sumter admittance into port, and de spatched a vessel to the north of La Guayara to retake the Joseph Maxwell, which was anchored among the reefs, by order of the War Department . The Federal army will be uniformed in blue. On the arrival of the New York train yesterday at Philadelphia, the United States Marshal seized every copy of the New York Daily News, including upwards of 1,000 copies for the South and West. The sale office at Philadelphia was also totally suppressed. The Christian Observer has also been seized, in consequence of a virulent article on the war. General M'Culloch was not killed in the battle at Springfield. It is stated that General Banks has advanced to take possession of Winchester (Va.), in face of 4,000 Confederates. (LATEST BY TELEGRAPH TO FATHER POINT.) NEW YORK, AUG. 24. News unimportant. The Canada has arrived out. Cotton active. Middling Upland is quoted 184 c. Breadstuffs firm. Flour declining; prices ic. lower. Corn advancing, and lc. higher. Provisions dull. Stocks steady. Erie, 25 ; New York Central, 74 ; Illinois Central, 64k. LONDONDERRY, SEPT. 4. The Canadian screw-steamer Nova Scotia, which arrived here this evening, passed the Hibernia on the 25th and the North America on the 29th ult. MIDDLESEX .REGIST RATION. Mr. Henry S. Maine, the new revising bar rister, will have ample work before him, inas much as the objections taken to names on the list are more numerous than usual, particularly on the part of the Conservatives, who have taken nearly 4,000, and the new claims are up wards of 3,000. A question of some importance will have to be considered with respect to the shareholders in the building of the Royal Ex change, who have each sent in a claim in respect to their share in the freehold, and the point which will have to be considered is, how far the Act of Incorporation shuts out individual claims in respect of this property. The decision in one case will determine the batch, and will be one of con siderable interest. There is no other case involving a matter of principle, the great mass of those re maining depending upon the proof of qualification. Mr. H. A. James will appear, as before, as agent for the Liberals ; and Mr. W. H. Smith on behalf of the Conservatives. MARYLEBONE. Mr. Thomas Hull Terrell will revise the lists of voters for this borough. The Liberals have taken no objections, but the Conservatives have taken nearly 400, but it is fully expected that a large pro portion of these will be sustained. THE BOOKBINDERS AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM. A case of some importance to working men employed in Government institutions was decided this week at the Bloomsbury County Court—Staples being the plaintiff and Mr. Tuckett, the bookbinder at the British Muse um, the defendant. _ _ Plaintiff claimed 30s. far one week's wages, in lieu of notice, and it appeared that on Monday, the 29th July, it was alleged defendant found plaintiff reading instead of working, and told him to go. Soon after this defendant found plaintiff at work, but refused to allow him to proceed. It was deposed for defendant that the men were paid so much per hour, and made out their bills at 6d. per hour. Mr. G. Allen, of Chancery-lane, for defendant, then urged that there was no weekly hiring, and even if there were, plaintiff had rendered himself liable to dismissal for mis conduct. Mr. Allen pointed out that this case was one of some importance to both Mr. Tuckett and the great num ber of men in his employ, and it would be for his Honour to say whether plaintiff had been guilty of such misconduct that defendant was justified in discharging biui. His Honour (Mr. Lefroy) considered that defendant was justified, and found for def,..Zani,, with costs. AN OT.D OFFE NDER. —William Turner, who had previously served four years' penal servitude for pocket picking, his brother Henry, and a woman named Roberts, were yesterday again convicted of the same offence at the Middlesex Sessions. Turner was this time sentenced to ten years' penal servitude, the woman to two years' impri sonment, and the younger brother of Turner, who had been made a mere tool, was sent to prison for two months' im prinnmeizt and three years in a reformatory. 4 WORD FROM VIRGINIA ON THE BAZTLE OF BULL RUN. The clear and incontestable result of the battle of Bull Run has lent support to many shallow criticisms on the conduct of the Northern army, and it is not surprising that, in face of the event, the endeavour's of writers in the Northern news papers to do justice to the military qualities of their fellow-countrymen have had little success. Per haps the following letter, which we find in the Charleston Mercury, and is written by a partisan of the South, will satisfy our readers that, after all, the Northern troops did fight, and that at one time their valour had nearly grasped its reward : Richmond, Monday, July 28. With the utter want of system en the part of the Government to acquire and communicate informa tion of what transpires, we have to depend on such reliable statements as we can obtain, from time to time, from those who witness and participate in the great events which are occurring. The Government itself is under the necessity, like your correspon dent, of seeking information from individuals who come on here from the scenes of action, and, there fore, cannot be expected to communicate anything. I have already commented upon this want of sys tem and capacity in the administration, and need not repeat my remarks. I shall proceed, then, to inform you of what I have learaed since I last wrote. It is settled without question that at one time during the fight our army was on the eve of being defeated. This was in the early part of the after noon. Our lines extended five or six miles, parallel with the course of Bull's Run and behind that stream. General Beauregard had intrenched him self here, and had skilfully prepared thi s p l ace as the battle-fleld. Beauregard's head-quarters were to the right of the centre of the line, and General Johnston's was on the extreme left. Bull Run is an easy fordable stream, except during heavy rains ; but in front of the army its banks in most places were steep. At the extreme left of our lines this stream had a bend southward, which inclosed the forces there in a sort of semi -circle, and was shallow and easily forded. The enemy first made his appearance in force on the right, in front of Beauregard. He made demonstrations there as if he had selected that as the battle-ground. R e opened and continued a heavy fire from his bat teries, but did not advance to make an attack with his infantry. Bat little damage was done by thi s distant cannonading. After this had continued s col umns were was placed, for some time, and no advance being m a d e, Beauregard became convinced the attack was to be made in another direction , end that thi s demonstration was designed to cover th e real purpose of the enemy. He proceeded t o t h e ne andleft,there where he Johnston'sdisnoverd the the y Johnston's arriving in immense masses to outflank him, and Johnston engaged in a dc 3 perate fight with im army , greatly superior numbers. It was apparent the enemy's purpose was to turn the extreme left of Johnston's forces. This was our weakest point, and the move ment showed good generalship. Johnston h a d less than 15,00 men with which to resist this attack ing column. Beauregard saw instantly the battle ground was there. He immediately called up the available force near, and directed them to suppo r t Johnston. The latter general was making a most gallant defence. The battle raged furiously for two or three hours. An eye-witness of the scene, who stood on an e ra i. nence about a mile and a quarter off, says he saw the immense males move to and fro, like the un dulations of the waves of the ocean, as the tide of battle inclined to one side or the other. The fate of the day hung in an uncertain balance. The heavy column of the enemy pressed down upon our gallant regiments, and cutting them to pieces "• with artil lery, l lery, made them waver. Detached squads of broken, companies and regiments had begun to leave the field, and were making their 'way for Manassas Junction. The day was all but lost. Scattered andexhausted as were our men, victory for a time inclined to &- your the overwhelming army of the enemy ; and its general, believing he had gained a victory, de spatched the news to Washington. Happily, at this critical juncture, Kershaw, Cash, and Kemper stemmed and turned the adverse tide, driving the frightened foe before their accurate fire and rapid charges. Both Beauregard and Johnston rallied their forces, and led them in person to the attack. Soon after, Elzey's and Smith's brigades, of about 4,000 men, came up opportunely and reinforced our army. This reinforcement with the heroic rally made by the generals, after Kershaw turned the tide of the battle in our favour, decided the fortunes of the field. _ Great as the victory has been, its results would have been incalculable could we have pursued the fl y i ng and terror-stricken enemy to the Long Bridge. And why was it not done ? Simply be cause Beauregard had not the force. Though only a part of the army was engaged in actual battle, a lt had been on active duty the whole day. The com bined forces of Beauregard and Johnston did not exceed thirty five thousand men in the field. At least half of these were engaged in the, fight ; the rest were under the fire of the enemy's guns, with an occasional encounter. All, in fact, were on the battle-field and in battle array from the earliest h our in the morning till the defeat in the evening, Every man was needed. There wore no reserves. MB FISHING GROUND OF ROCK4ZZ BANK. (From the _lrish Times.) We reprinted from the London papers on Mon day d romantic account of the supposed discovery of a marvellous fishing ground in the North At lantie. Around a lonely rock there were gigantic codfish, enormous ling, vast sharks 30 feet long, strange monsters never described before, and the ocean was alive with sporting whales, while the air swarmed with myriads of birds. Wondrous was the luck of the fishermen. Two days sufficed to fill the hold of a seht,oner. Talk of the " oyster digging" of New York, or the "oil wells" of Penn sylvania. Here was a perfect El Dorado in an un noticed fishing ground close to our shores. So much interest has been created by the sup posed new discovery of the fishing ground of Rockall Bank, and by the letters published by Dr. Dawson, that we have taken some pains to investi gate the matter, and we are enabled, by the kind ness of an eminent naturalist of our own city, to give our readers a truthful and scientific account of the rock and its bearings. We do so the more hear tily because Irish enterprise is already engaged in drawing its treasures from the deep, and we ear nestly hope that our fishermen will not be less lucky than others in their adventures. The Rockall Bank was well known some years since both to the French and Dutch as a productive fishing ground. Its bearings were noted in the Dutch charts which were sold at Cowan's, the map-seller's shop, near the Stadthouse of Amster dam, and in which charts the western coasts of Ireland, those of Scotland, the Western Isles, or Hebrides, are most carefully laid down, with all the fishing banks, and " busses," a sort of Dutch fishing-boat, were engraves, to point out Where the finest fish were found. The true bearing and soundings of the Rockall Bank were, however, never accurately laid down until the survey of Capt. Vidal, R N., in her Ma jesty's ship Pike, employed during the years 1830 and 1831, in the examination of the banks and. soundings to the westward of the British Isle.nds, Rockall is an isolated group of rocks in the. Atlan tic Ocean, situated in 57.35 north latitude, and 13.40 west longitude. It bears north-west from. Tory Island off the coast of D onega l , and west by south Donegal, and Kanidlda.aboluttisla3bo miles out 30 from s hours' sail f i r l o d m a. The soundings vary from 50 to 80 fathoms, and at some distance around, especially towards the south, increases to 70 and 90 fathoms. The bot tom is gravel, shells, and fine sand. The bank does not lie very far northerly of the line of route taken. by the Canadian steamers from Liverpool to Que bec by the North Passage. There can be no doubt that a vast quantity of fish congregate about these rocks, attracted by the character of the soundings, and the abundance of marine animals existing there. The fish that fre quent the west coast of Ireland, as the cod, the ling, and the torsk, are there in immense quantities, as well as several species of cetacea, or whales, and. the squali, or shark. The fish that puzzled Dr. Dawson is the rorquol, of which two species, the greater and lesser rorquol, have been seen frequently off Bofin, on the coast of Mayo. The fish is very strange in appearance, and remarkable for the tufts upon its snout. The grampus (Phocana grampus) is found there, as well as thebl t u o e th sh e ark (Car charius glaucus.) • We cannot notice th e fishing ground of Rockall without giving our mede of praise who, by their enterprise, discovered, a n d w i th sailor-like liberality have opened, so favourable a field for ou r own fishermen. Alread y I reland is preparing " to throw a line there." W e un d erstand that Captain Coppin, the extensi ve s hi pbuilder and engineer, of Londonderry, has determined to send two good saili ng vessels, either cutter a steam-vessel to these grounds ear l y next year, ac ocromjhoaonineedrbrlgged. These ships are to be provided with suitable stores, a great quantity of long lines, harpoons for whales, and m eans for extracting the oil, &c. No difficulty need be experienced respect ing ba it. The vast quantities of halibut which are found there will afford any quantity. It is as well to remark that the proper season for these grounds is f rom Nay until the cud of August.