The Sun. — London, England, 1827-03-27 00:00:00

1, I 7r - z L .t at_ / V Le"' g ,? , ,,, i „,. -1 - • ..‘, - ' - iity.-5.;... - .., , , • .1.„ ..\ kr - 4. , 4.,..-- , Vi;'... ',.t-1,:•114,1 •:; ' ‘,s ." : - - 42- A.' , 4; 4 4 7'41 '4 'J ‘ ' ' ii, it, 4 , '. ...,4 4 0.,,....,, .., - ._ ..._ 1 t 4 b • I eriininating the re 41 • mierstoo 1 ..,,..,,;:.:::0k;;417‘;'*•.,,:::i„, ~..-,:- 14.,:.::,H1,30,11,4,:.: -, ,11::: : :1: : 1...": 17 . 1 ;1 1k ;T:1 11 :7 1 „1. 4. ,; .., : v 1: : :: ;' :,: , • :414' : ~, , , ~ e' , /11111 k —N . circuitous 1... • w _ tisk Givr4 *,...-.! ..,..., %,,,,, been ge , ... , '-':- ;1 ,44 ', ;0' -, • 41111 10'. ' i :,. _ l ' --.' •41, tke conu. iirsci by th )4 , , ~ c„...„.. . tt. 1 , -nd observations, 1 !-' i f / *•'''''''‘, 4o4 ' ' _-....- .. , r ' , ' ' .- , e ~,,,,, r., ~...... , - .?,•... .., , ~,..0 ::„ ...1, I .. ~, t r , ..,1,11,r , z'itt . 40 06 ' . . , :•.,, -,-...,. s 40• - • -„, .. i- 111' .% ,•:'?;, • ‘ lit -7 .A:Adk.,-,tr .- - v't...- -i z i !,,,•• 0 4 "' • Ilk ;io,ate d , ''. `;•llft3'.',li ii',..{A)ii:,!„, 0 :iiiirsikotl // 2 - 1 (F) , dra gon; TlMPrelift i d* Wit alkl - 06 i rt . poll or tha fgt.; duties, i unavailing, sinc e, not embracin g a re p eal of the restrictions on the circuitous would not have been accepted by the British Government, as a compliance with tke couditiou required by the act of the sth of July 1 525 . It is not intended, by th ew f acts and to con vey a n y re p roac hes against his Majesty's Government on a,^-- count of the unexpected resolution which it has taken. But they satisfactorily show, that the United States could hav e nter and, if adopted, w ou ld have been, it is now under s tood that it ur sa entertained no doubt of the continued disposition of Great Britain to settle the Colonial intercourse by an amicable arrangement, and that there were peremptory reasons for preferring that mode rather than to legislate on the subject. Supposing even that the determination of the British Government not to renew the negotiation on that point had been communicated or known, the specific condition on which American vessels might be 'Wind to participate in the intercourse between the United States said the British. Colonies was so expressed in the Act of Parliament as to have required explanations before it co uld be complied with. i The condition required from countries livi Colonies was both distinct and reciprocal. Not Ling mor e was asked than that they should grant to British ships the like privi leges of trading with their Colonial posse ssions, which were granted to their ship; of trading with the British pooes sions abroad. No regard was paid to the importance of such Colonial possessions. Sweden, by peemitting British vessels to trade with the Island of St. Bartholomew, was allowed privileges which were offered to the United States on very different terms. And, with the exception of some of the German States, those terms applied to no other ma ritime power than the United States. All this Great Bri tain has a right to do ; o n complaint is preferred on that account : it was the condition which was required front them which they had to consider. That condition was, that the United States should place the commerce and navigation of this country (Great Bri tain), and of its possessions abroad, upon the footing of the most favoured nation. . CONTRACT von. DEALS, CANADA FIR, AND WHITE OAK TIMBER, AND ASH RAFTERS. NAVY-OFFICE, MARCIE 24, 1827. THE principal Officers and Commissioners of 1 his Majesty's Navy do hereby give notice, That on TRuRSDAY ' the 19th of Apr il next, at One o'Clock, they will be ready to treat with such Persons as may be wil ling to contract for supplying the following Articles, viz. Archangel, Canada, or Baltic Red Wood, Deals, or Canada Spruce Deals, cut from Timber grown on the Banks of TUESDAY EVENING, MARCH 27, 1827. the St. Maurice. And Canada Red and Yellow Pine, and White Oak Timber No. 10,778. PRICE 7D. and Ash Rafters. To be delivered at His Majesty's Dock Yards, according to Distributions, which, with Forms of Tenders, may be seen at this Office. No Tender will be received after One on the Day of Treaty, nor any noticed unless the Party, or an. Agent for him, attende. Every Tender must be accompanied by a Letter ad- Areseed to the Navy Board, and Dived by Two responsible Nrsong, engaging to become bound with the Person tendering, in the Sum of 1,3001., for the due performance of the Contract for Deals, and in the Sum of 3,0001. for the Contract for Timber and Rafters. VICTUALLING OFFICE, MARCH 26, 1827. rir HE Commissioners for Victualling His ?Majesty's Nary, &c. do hereby give notice, that on THURSDAY, btli of April next, they will be ready to receive Tenders in writing (sealed up), and treat for the following quantities of NEW STAVES, to be delivered into his Ma jesty's Victualling Stores at the Ports, and in the propor tions as under, viz.— - pANSTEREOMACHIA, or BATTLE of POICTIERS, will shortly CLOSE, at No. 209, Regent-street. This celebrated Military Engagement, in which Edward the Black Prince so eminently distinguished himself; by the capture of John, King of France, represents the contending Armies of France and England :o mortal combat, and com prises :upwards of Fifteen Hundred Figures, beautifully modelled in Plastic Marble, by Mr. C. Bullock, and finished with the strictest regard to historical truth, and with most accurate attention to the Heraldry, Chivalry, and costumed the period it represents. The whole forming a most unique and interesting display of British Military Achievements.—Admission Is. States and the West Indian colonies in vessels of the United States. The relaxation to which Mr. Gallatin refers, in fact, did nothing more than permit British vessels to bring certain articles into the colonial ports directly from the place of their production, instead of bringing the like articles cir cuitously through the United Kingdom. The questionwhe ther these articles should be imported circuitously through the United Kingdom, or directly from the place of their growth, was a more municipal concern, which did not vary the exclusive character of the colonial system, so long as that importation was confined to British ship - 4 Undoubtedly the United States might then, if they thought proper, have interdicted the trade to British ves sels between their ports and the British West India Colo nies, unless American vessels were allowed to participate in it—but they did not. . . DEPTFORD. PORTSVOUTR. PLTMOUTII. Mile. Mille. Mile. Crown Dantzie BRANDY .23 b 3 Ditto HOGSHEAD 24 6 6 Ditto BARREL 30 6 EAST INDIA HOUSE, }hac" 21, 1827. rrITE COURT of DIRECTORS of the I. UNITED COMPANY of MERCHANTS of ENGLAND Trading to the EAST INDIES, do hereby give Notice, That a GENERAL COURT of the said COMPANY, will be held at their House in Leadenhall-street, on WEDNESDAY NIXT, the 28th Instant, at Eleven o'Clock in the Forenoon, by Adjournment from this day. JOSEPH DART, Secretary. Ditto HEADING ...24 6 6 Quebec PIPE 45 Memel PIPE 16. 4 S Ditto HOGSHEAD 5 TO TEACHERS AND HEADS OF FAMILIES. lA N the First of every Month is published ‘..F and ready for delivery with the Magazines, the MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION, in Parts, at Eightpenco each. " We recommend this useful and popular periodical to our publics Seminaries and private Academies, Mothers, and Preceptors, as a Family and School - Inetructori"—.The Star. Half of each description by the 30th of September next, and the remainder by the 15th of January, 1828. The Conditions of the Contracts may be seen at this ONce. hark Tender must specify the price in words at length, and be delivered before One o'Clock on the day appointed ; and the Person who makes the Tender, or some Person on his beheif, must attend to answer when sailed for. M. WALLER CLIFTON. The history of the usage, therefore, isc that up to a cer tain period, a trade between the ports of the United States and the British West India colonies, in British ships, went on unquestioned, while, as Mr. Gallatin is aware, on Ame rican vessel could enter the ports of the British West India coloniea,except under occasional and temporary suspen sions of the colonial law. And yet it is upon this usage that Mr. Galatia founds— FALKIRK ALE VAULTS, 3, CROSS-STREET, FINSBURY-SQUARE. AITKEN and Co. beg to acquaint the Pub lic, that they hare taken extensive CELLARS, at 3, Cross-street, Finsbury-square, for the exclusive SALE of ALE, brewed by themselves at Falkirk. Aitken and Co. have been induced to make this endea vour to introduce their Ale into London, from the encou ragement they have experienced in Scotland, in the hopes that the measures which have rewarded their exertions, where they had to compete with long-established Brewers, and where all the consumers were judges of the article, will be attended with the same results to them here. Being Brewers of the Ale they are now offering to the London Public, they wish to rest their claims to support solely upon its quality. They have devoted particular attention to the bottling department, and, from the thorough know ledge they possess of its management, and from the whole process of brewing and bottling being conducted under their personal superintendence, they with confidence can recommend their Bottled Ale to private Families, as a nourishing, agreeable, and economical beverage. A reference to the - prices quoted below will show that Aitken and Co. are offering their Ales much under what la generally charged for the best Scotch Ale, and they solicit a trial as the test whether their's merit that Appel le tion. London : Limbird, 143, Strand . Edinburgh : J. Sutherland, and Oliver and Boyd. Glasgow : R. Griffin 'and Co. Dublin; Messrs. Wood and Yates ; and all Book sellers. First. A right in the United States to prohibit British vessels from clearing out from the ports of the United States to the British West India Colonies; MR. WALTER PATON'S PUBLIC EVENING CLASS FOR WRITING, &c., , - Secondly. A claim on the part of the United States to participate in the colonial trade of Great Britain. The things may be right or wrong in themselves ; but usage surely points exactly the contrary way to that in which Mr. Gallatin applies it. Mr. Gallatin has yet another ground on which to rest this claim of the United States to a participation iu the Co lonial trade of Great Britain : 2, Devonshire.street, Portland-place. IN consequence of numerous applications for 31- INSTRUCTION in WRITING by persons whose im mediate livelihood or future advancement depends on their proficiency in that art, and who find private lessons expen sive, Mr. W. PATON has formed a CLASS at his own house, (on an economical, interesting, and highly advan tageous plan), where the various hands will be taught suitable to the man of business or the finished penman. Mr. Paton feels anxious that this class may be viewed as a complete nursery for penmanship on undisputed princi ples, and as a barrier against the vague and improper en croachments of depraved taste and assumed talent, so fre quently pressed upon the notice of the public, whose atten tion being necessarily directed to other objects, have not always time to investigate the merits of every proposed system. Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, from six to eight in the evening. Terms may be known by applying to Mr. P. Paton's copy lines sold at 27, Paternoster-row. Mr. PATON has published the following PRINTS, to which be respectfully begs to call the attention of the Public : BAKER'S PATENT MANGLES- and AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. R. RAKER (by appointment), Mangle and Engine Maker to His Majesty, respectfully acquaints the Public that he has manufactured a large assortment of the follow ing Machines : PATENT and Portable Mangles; Washing and Wring ing Machines ; Laundry Jacks ; Crimping Machines, and Table-cloth Presses, with other articles used in the Laundry. GARDEN and Green-house Engines, Rollers, Insect Destroyers, Syringes, Fruit Gatherers, and Gardening Tools of every kind. CHAFF Engines, Malt, Oat and Bean Mills, Corn Measures, Dr. Munro's Cattle Tubes, Haymaking Machines, Ploughs, Drills, Turnip Slicers, Cattle Weighers, Winnow ing Machines, and Agricultural Implements of every descrip tion. BUTTER Churns, Cheese Presses, and Dairy Utensils. COFFEE Fanners, Cane Top Cutters,lndia Corn Husk ing Mills, and Wine Coolers, with other Colonial Tools. FAMILY and Counter Weigbin: Machines, Patent Dial Scales ; Bennett's Patent Filterer ; Machell's Patent Shower Baths ; Masterman's Patent Bottling and Cork ing Machines ; Patent Water Closets; and Iron Bedsteads ; with a variety of domestic and commercial Machines. To he seen at R. Baker's Patent Mangle Manufactory, 65, Fore-street, or at his Warehouses, 42, Fenchurch street, corner of Mincing-lane, and 309, Oxford-street, op posite Fladong's Hotel.—The Trade supplied. Price 73., 83. 6d., and 9s. 6d. per dozen, for ready money ; empty bottles must be returned when the Ale is delivered, or paid for at the rate of Ss. per dozen. _ The Late DUKE of YORK.—The most interesting and powerful Likeness of the late Duke of York will be found in His Royal Highness's memorable Speech on the Catholic - Claims, ornamentally Written and Engraved on a Plate 11 by 16 inches, by Mr. WALTER PATON, which may be had of the Printeellers generally, and of Mr. Paton. Price 7s. 6d. India, and ss. plain : the Portrait, withoat the Writing, Ss. . . A discount of 6d. per dozen will be allowed to those Who mend and take the Ale from the premises. Aitken and Co. brew Ale for Exportation, which is pe culiarly adapted for hot climates. From the 'extensive stock which they will always have, dealers will be sup plied on advantageous terms. ° THE AGENTS of the COUNTY FIRE - 1 11. OFFICE, whose names are subjoined, submit to the Public sonic of the solid grounds of preference which the County Fire' Office has acquired.—lt is twenty years since the County Fire Office was established on the then hovel principle of coni;)ining the security of an ample per tnanent capital, with the important benefit of Returns of the Surplus Premiums, after paying Losses and Expences. These returns have been constant, and have been realized to the extent of 57,0001. Considerable reserves also were trade during the years that Fire Insurance, well managed Yielded a surplus, and in these, persons who now insure Will participate. The following are a few, among many thousands annually, who have received these Returns : The Hon. Lady Darner, Hanover-square £2l 10 0 Sir T. Clarges, Bt., Pall-mall P. Keppell, Esq. Pall-mall l7 7 2 Alexander Davison, Esq. St. James's-square 13 13 11 M. Atkinson, Esq. Portland-place Messrs. J. and W. Goodwin, Abbott, Langley 17 10 0 A. C. Haumer, Esq. Keppel-street ll 12 11 ---. Terry, Esq. Adelphi Theatre lOl 19 1 Alr. J. Deville, Strand Messrs. Starkey and Co. Golden-square 2l 0 0 M r . T. Winter, St. James's -stre e t M r . Thos. Tonikison, Howland -street l3 18 3 Mr. J. Prested, Iloundsditch 3B 5 0 J. Newton, Esq. Brentford SI 19 2 kis. Morris, Brentford J. Morris, Esq. Brentford .. 29 12 2 Mr. S. Gould, Isleworth 5O 1 7 Mr. j, Stanborough, Isleworth Mr. J. Cromwell, Hammersmith 3 . Taniere, Esq. Pinner, Middlesex 24 16 9 Messrs. W. J. C. and M. Woodyer, Walwortii 27 15 3 Messrs. Harding - and Co. Horscferry-road Ai r. Thomas Bill, Bromley 3O 1 7 L&d —44 ij Mordaunt, Stratford 2O 13 6 J • Day, Esq. Bedford Ilis Grace the Duke of Rutland, Belvoir _ Castle ............................... 100 1 11 The Most Noble the farquie of Northamp- ton, Ashby Castle . 123 19 6 Him Grace the Duke of Grafton, Wakefield Lodg:. Lord Kilmorey, Bigglesnrade Lord Northwick, Harrow The Hon. Mrs. Bowater, Northampton l4 3 2 B ir J. Longhorn, Bart. ditto "lessr s Wm. and J. Hayward, Watlington 3B 2 2 The Rey. Primate Knapp, Stony Stratford 44 15 6 Sir Mark Sykes, Bart. York Messrs. J. and N. Mercer, Uxbridge !Ir. Willi a m null, ditto 7O 12 7 'Tr. S. Hull, ditto Air. D. S. Norton, do. Messrs. Salter and Woodman, d o . J ' D. Stevens, Eaq. do. J ' S. T. Wilkinson, Esq. York The Hon. and Rev. W. H. Dawney, Sclby 22 8 0 Messrs. Omerod and Son, Boothfold Messrs. Midgley and Co. de. Messrs. Whittaker and Co. do. The Hon. Champion Dymoke, Hornca.stic Me "rs. Clutterhuck and Fitajohn, Stanmore 220 16 7 R. C. Elwes, Esq. Brigg Mr. H. Austin, Banbury AGENTS 'ROUND LONDON. T. Meredith, Edgeware Road. Geo. Lerer, Camden Town. T. Doswzdl, 49, Spencer-street, near Islington. Wm. Greig, 32, City-road. John New, 8, Aldgate High-street. T. Single, White Horse-lane, Stepney. W. East, 65 , Poplar. T . Fisher, Elephant and Castle. Purcell and Nicholls, Battersea. G. Bliss, 6, Park-terrace, King's-road. T. Webb, Brentford. GENUINE PATENT MEDICINES, SOLD by Messrs. BUTLE it, Chemists, Cheapside, corner St. Paul's, London ; 54, Sack v'lle-strett,ed Sole Dublin; and 73, P r i nces -street, Edinburgh. Appointed Agents for Dr. J ames ' Ss Fever Powder ns. Analep t i c Pill s , in the place of M essrs. Newberry an d Ander s° , 11_____enrY's_ISIA.agrontn9astii"c Vinegar A tneti _n 8 Scots Pills Bleathrn Soothing SvnlP , ing iongiLiquid and Mark- Iltint s Family Pills ithwaite's Juniper's Essence of Pepper Bra' Black Drops Cephalic S Lemon i Acid for Punch, &c. Cheltenharn'tilits Macassar and Russia Oil Chin g ', w Citrateel Kali Le ' tn g e e i for Saline ox i ey , , ,, Eas p e e n n c t e ifr o ie f ea in e g . er Draughts Cundell' s Ile um Dixon's Antihi lioi of Solomon'sßalm o f Gilead, &c. I i "eY Singleton's Eye Oin tment Dalby's Carininatil:ePilil Steer's Opodeldoc De Velno's Sy rup Stoughton's Bitters Dutch Drops, as imported I Seidlitz and Lemonade Freeman's Bathirg Spirits Powders Ssoadpl a ow an d d er. Ginger Beer Godbold's Balsam Gowland's Lotion , c): I . and aue Scouring p i a i t e r Godfrey's Cordial vuzham's Tincture of Bark SanDtdrLEl9l Hooper's Pills Turlington's B a h And every other Patent Medici ne of regtem: Merchants, Captains, and others, cannot be too careful in the purchase of the above Articles for Exportation, a s sp a _ v ino imitations are generally in circulation. Drugs and Chemicals of the choicest quality. Medicine Chests completely fitted for all climates. N . B . Thompson'e Genuine Cheltenham Salts, Messrs. antler are appointed Agents for. From the Literary Gazette, Sept. 23, 1Y26 :—" Mr. Paton could not have devised surer means of attracting at tention to his great abilities as a penman than by adorning this specimen of them with so admirable a likeness of tke Commander-in-Chief. It is from Jackson's fine portrait, a most powerful and striking resemblance, and beautifully engraved by Thompson, in an oval about the size of half a crown piece. At this moment, when his Royal Highness's health causes so much anxiety, it is peculiarly interesting. The example of writing does great credit to Mr. Paton's genius as a master in that profession." The late DUKE of YORK.—The most interesting and powerful Likeness of the Duke of York will be found in his Royal Highness's memorable Speech on the Catholic Claims, ornamentally written, and engraved on a Plate 11f by 16 inches, by Mr. Walter Paton, Writing Master, 2, Devonshire-street, Portland-place. To be had of Mr. Paton, and of the Print Sellers generally, price 7s. 6d. India, and ss. plain. Mr. Paton takes this opportunity of expressing his gratitude for the numerous and lengthened encomiums on this production, that have appeared in many of the first London Newspapers and Reviews, which (if extracted at length) would occupy several columns of a Newspaper. The general opinion, however, agrees with the words of the Morning Herald, via.:--" It is the best likeness of his Royal Highness we have yet seen." For convenience, the Miniature Portrait is published without the Speech, and is surrounded by an appropriate design, price To those who really wish to possess a true Likeness of his late Royal Highness, the one published by Mr. Paton is particularly recommended. It is engraved in the most exquisite manner by Thompson, from Jackson's Grand Picture, and is uniformly declared to be the only perfect Likeness of the Duke of York ever published. The Late PRINCESS CHARLOTTE.—Paton's grand display of Ornamental Penmanship, in Memory of her Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte, containing an ex tremely fine Miniature Portrait in the centre, and dedicated by permission to the King. Size of the plate 18 by 21i inches. Price one guinea India, and 15s. plain. From the "Imperial Maga7:.ne, Nov. 1825 :—" The difficulties attending the contrivance and execution of fine ornamental penmanship are well known to its professors, and commonly lead the performer into sameness of com position and poverty of execution, but iu Mr. Paton's spe cimen there is no repetition : the hands are so admirably chosen and arranged, the flourisFes so varied and natural, and the whole performance so exquisitely fine, that it may unquestionably be considered the most magnificent pro duction in the art of ornamssital penmanship that has ever appeared in this country," Rec. 2, Devonshire -street, Portland-place. ECONOMY AND CONVENIENCE COMBINED. IVVILLIS'S PATENT PERIPURIST, or Portable Economical Cooking Apparatus, enables any person in a few minutesto prepare a comfortable meaI—BREAKFAST, as it prepares coffee in a very superior manner, boils Eggs, and cooks a beef-steak or a slice of ham, and all in less than ten minutes. For Dinner it will prepare soap, steam potatoes, and cook a mutton chop or steak, &c. at the same time, and for this one FARTHING's-WORTH of FUEL is more than sufficient, and the operation may be performed upon a dining table without soiling the cloth or producing smoke or unpleasant smell, and :ravelling in a Carriage without danger or incon venience, and for pedestrians it may be curried in the hand, and in cold weather answer two purposes, for Tea, it answers the purpose of an Urn, and saves the trouble and expence of lighting a fire; it is admirably adapted for warm weather, and hot climates, for Taverns and Coffee Houses, and parties of pleasure in rural rambles ; also on board of vessels in rough weather, as the motion of the vessel does not affect it, and the saving of fuel will more than pay the expence of it the first voyage. To be had of the Inventor and Patentee, No. 20, Henrietta-street, Covent-garden, from 143. and upwards according to size, a liberal allowance made to Captains and others going abroad. SUPERIOR LITHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS. Published by W. Cole, 10, Newgate-street. R. COLE respectfully informs the Public, that his Extensive Assortment of LITHOGRA PHIC DRAWINGS, Plain and Coloured, all of which are executed in the first style of the Art, includes, among many others, 1. THE OLD MASTERS, 12 subjects, coloured and mounted, Is. 6d. each. 2. RUINS OF ANCIENT SPLENDOUR, ditto, 20 subjects, 20s. each. S. STUDIES, FOREIGN AND ENGLISH, 24 sub jects, ditto, 10s. ed. each. 4. TEMPLE OF FLORA ; or, ELEGANT BOUQUETS for every Month in the Year; coloured from the living P lants, ditto, 7s. each. 5. HORTICULTURAL BEAUTIES, or Single Flowers, coloured, 4s. each. 6. FASHIONABLE RESORTS, 16 sheets, six subjects on each, coloured, 6s. 7. LOCAL AND PICTURESQUE VIEWS, 6 sub jects mounted, at 4s. each. S. DITTO, small , 90 subjects, at ls. 6d. each. 9. BEAUTIES OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE, 6 sub jects, 7s. each. 10. THE POLYORAMA ; or ENDLESS CHANGES or PICTURESQUE LaNnscaPx, 6.. R v A as P es S , consist ing price Plain; 12s. coloured. 11. Six S heets of Ele g ant FANCY Insects, 75SecCAPE SCRAPS, co l oured, ss. each, . o f w Sh o e s l s Flowers, superblyeets co coloured. 12. end' price 211. each. 13. Four Sheets of ditto, ditto, at Is. 6d. 14. Sixteen VIGNETTE VIEWS coloured, for Screens, &C. Is. 6d. each. Also, the largest and best Assortment of DRAWING. BOOKS in the Kingdom, from 64. per Number to 10s. 6d. STATE PAPERS. CORRESPONDENCE RELATIVE TO COMMERCIAL VNTERCOURSE BE TWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE BRITISH WEST INDIA COLONIES, AUGUST, 1826, TO JANUARY, 1821, PRESENTED TO BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT NY COMMAND OF HIS MAJESTY, 1827. (The following letters have not yet been published) : No. 4.—Mr. Secretary Canning to Albert Gallatin, Esq. Foreign-Office, Nov. 13, 1826. The Undersigned, tee. would willingly have abstained from offering any observations on the note addressed to him by Mr. Gallatin, Sze. on the 22d of September, in reply to the answer which had been returned by the Undersigned to Mr. Gallatin's note of the •26th of August ; the facts of the question agitated between Mr. Gallatin and the Un dersigned, admitting of no dispute, and their previous correspondence having exhausted all the arguments on each side of which the matter in discussion is susceptible. But, upon re-perusal of Mr. Gallatin's note, after an in terval of a few weeks, there appear to the Undersigned to be two or three points much relied upon by Mr. Gallatin, which it would be improper to leave unnoticed. The first of these points, and that which affects, more or less, the whole of Mr. Gallatin's reasoning, is the ques tion of right—the right of a - :other country to monopo lize the trade of its colonjes. Mr. Gallatin discusses this question much at length, and attaches himself in that dis•- cussion rather, perhaps, to the terms, than to the substance of the proposition intended to he put forward by the Un dersigned. The proposition of the Undersigned is simply, that there is a right in a mother country, universally admitted araong nations, to interdict to foreign nations a trade with her colonies. It may be true (as stated by Mr. Gallatin) that every country :ias the same " right" to interdict with foreign nations a trade with itself. But, be the abstract " right" what it may, this, at least, can not be denied—that the exercise of that " right" has been so usual in one case, and so unusual in the other, that the difference of usage (if it be no more) amounts almost to a difference of principle. Foreign nations might justly complain of the one inter diction,—that of trade with the mother country, as an in novation, but they have no just ground of complaint (and no other nation than the United States has ever complain ed) of the interdiction of trade to the colonies ; became, in all ages, all nations having colonies have maintained such an interdiction. Mr. Gallatin, after having objected, in the beginning of his note, to the use of the word " right," as applied by the Undersigned to the colonial trade of Great Britain, applies the same word himself, (inadvertently, perhaps,) in a sub sequent part of his note, to thi• , aterdiction by the United States of a trade in British ships between the United States and the British West India colonies. That trade Mr. Gallatin describes as a trade which had been carried on merely by " permission"--a permission which (says Mr. Gallatin) the United States had a right to grant or to withhold." Now, as according to Mr. Gallatin's doctrine, the United States have, in strictness, a " right" to exclude British trade altogether from their ports, the Undersigned cannot presume to contend that they have not the same " right" to prohibit a trade between those ports and the British colonies. - But the Undersigned ventures to affirm, that the right which they have exercised in the latter prohibition has no peculiar and separate character growing out of long and general usage, to distinguish it in principle from a prohibi tion of all trade whatever with the United States. Up to the year 1818, Mr. Gallatin admits that the trade since prohibited by the United States, was enjoyed by British vessels, in common with those of all other coun tries. The interdiction, therefore, is not of ancient usage, and Po far is it from being generally applied by the United States to Foreign vessels, that it operates against Great Britain alone. Is it not at least singular that Mr. Gallatin should re serve for a practice thus novel and thus partial, the character of " right," which he denies to en usage as ohi as the es- I tahlishment of colonies, and universal among all nations to . . Which colonies have belonged? Is it not singular also, - that while Mr. Gallatin denies any claim on the part of Great Britain to the continued enjoyment of a trade in the United States, which she is admitted by Mr. Gallatin to have enjoyed uninterruptedly up to the year 1618. Mr. Gallatin puts forward a claim on the part of the United States to trade with the West India Colonies of Great Britain, on the ground of usage and practice? The United Stater, says Mr. Gallatin, found " their re clamation to participate in that commerce" (the trade with the British West India Colonies) on this ground— " That trade has been allowed by Great Britain, it may be said, from the beginning, and at all times, and has be come thereby so far assimilated to that with the European dominions of Great Britain, that the United States did think that they had the same claim to a participation in both."--" As early as the year 1783, the Government of Great Britain, deviating from that principle of the colonial system, according to which her colonies were prohibited from trading directly with any other country, allowed her West India colonies to trade directly with the United States of America in British vessels." It may be observed as to these facts, as stated by Mr. Gallatin himself, that no two things can be much more different than a permission (on the one hand) given by Great Britain to British vessels to trade directly between a British colony and another country (the vessels of that other country remaining by law, and, in fact, excluded from the ports of the colony) and that " participation" on the other hand, which imnlice s trade between the United " During the European war, Great Britain found it convenient occasionally, but repeatedly, to open her West India ports to American vessels; at the same time that she was asserting the principle uniformly denied by the United States, that a neutral was not authorized by the law of na tions to carry on in time of war a trade with a colony in which he was not permitted to participate in time of peace." First. If the ports were occasionally opened, the very terms of the proposition show that they were generally shut. It would be difficult to imagine either a more complete proof of the acknowledged right to admit or exclude foreign trade from the colonies, as the governing authorities might think fit, or a more perfect refutation of the plea of usage in favour of a permanently open trade. Secondly. The rule of 1756 appears to have little appli cation to the point in dispute. It might to be sure be, in all such cases, a question with the neutral, whether he would be tempted by the open ports of one belligerent, to run the risk of capture by the other. But the point in dis pute is, whether by occasionally opening her colonial ports, Great Britain virtually abandoned the right of closing them again, when she thought proper: and on this point, the - merits of the rule of 1756 have not, so far as the Un dersigned can make out, the most distant bearing. Thirdly.—As it is intended to prove that the United States have a claim to participate in the colonial trade for ever, because the ports of the colonies were occasionally opened during the war, Mir. Gallatin describes the ports as having been opened to American vessels. True, but not to American vessels only, or specifically. The ports were open to the vessels of all friendly powers. The argument, therefore, as to the special claim of the United States, falls -to the ground. The truth, however, is, that under the words "right" and " so frequently recurring in this discussion, lies the real and fundamental difference of opinion between Great Britain and the United States, which has frustrated all attempts to settle the disputed question of colonial in tercourse upon common principles, by conventional arrange ment. When it is contended, that the "right" by which Great Britain prohibits foreign countries from trading with her colonies, is the same "right" with that by which she might (if she thought fit) prohibit them from trading with herself, this argument ( which is employed by the United States alone) implies, that the special prohibition is a griev ance to the United States, if not of the same amount, of the same kind as the general prohibition would This is a doctrino which Great Britain explicitly denies. It seems to be adinittLd, indeed, that there was a time when the distinction between colonial trade and the trade of the mother country was tenable. But it has been as sumed, in no obscure terms on the part of tho United States, that the colonial system is now virtually at an end. Great Britain denies this assumption. Whatever relaxation Great Britain may think ,fit to in troduce for her own sake, and for that of her colonies themselves, into her colonial system, she holds her " right" to maintain that system, as with respect to foreign nations, to be unaltered and entire. Great Britain, therefore, can not consent to any diplomatic arrangement by which such " right" may appear to be relinquished, or by which her assertion of it can be understood to be in any degree qua lified or controlled. Hence the impracticability (already so repeatedly proved) of any treaty upon this subject between Great Britain and the United States. Hence the necessity for Great Britain of doing what ever she means to do in the way of relaxation of her colo nial monopoly, by acts o' her own legislation. This deduction brings tho Undersigned to the last point in Mr. Gallatin's note, and that OR which he is most anxious that there should be no misconception between them. Mr. Gallatin speaks of a " permanent exclusion of the United States by Great Britain, from a trade open to the rest of the world," as a measure different in character from a general exclusion of all foreign nations. But is this a just description of the effect of the Act of 1825 ? Considerations (of which Great Britain alone is the judge) hare induced her to open her colonial trade to other nations. She opened it to them not as matter of special favour, or of special " claim" to any one, but on specified conditions, common to all nations who might think fit to subscribe to them, and to the United States amorg the rest. If some of the nations of the world have taken advantage of the opening thus offered to them, by accepting the con ditions annexed to it, and others have omitted to do so, and if the United States are, by their own choice, in the latter class, sarely it is not a correct description of the consequence of this, their own voluntary omission, to say that the United States are " excluded" by Great Britain from a trade, which, on the contrary, Great Britain in vited them to share. Exclusion of foreigners from the colonial trade is the general principle of colonial policy ; admission to that trade is the exception—an exception, which, in this instance, Great Britain was willing to grant to all those who were ready to purchase it on terms tendered equally to all. The United States cannot mean to put forward the pre tension; that what is granted to others on terms, should he granted to them unconditionally. If not, it seems difficult to imagine how they can feel it to be unjust or un kind, (it certainly is not so felt, or intended, on the part of this country) that tho United States having, upon a free, and (as is known from the public proceedings of their legislature) deliberate consideration, declined to sub scribe to the terms on which exception from colonial pro hibition was tendered impartially to all nations, they should find themselves, in common with such of those nations as have decided like themselves, liable to that ex clusion, which is, and always has been, the general prin ciple of colonial trade. The Undersigned avails himself, & c . (Signed) GEORGE CANNING. Albert Gallatin, Esq. Ex. Ecc. No. 5. ALBERT GALLATIN, ESQ. TO DIR. SECRETARY CANNING. Upper Seymour-street, Dec. 28, 18!6. The Undersigned, &c. did not fail to transmit to his Go vernment the note which Mr. Canning, &c. did him the honour to address to him on th e 13 t h of Novem b er, i n reply to the answer which had b een returned to the Under signed to Mr. Canning! note on the 11th of September.— But, unwilling to continue a disc uss i on which did not seem likely to lead to any practical result, he abstained from making any further observations on the subject, until he should have received special instructions from his Govern ment in reference to a state of thi ngs w hi c h was a lt oget h er unexpected at Washington at the time of his departure. Having now received ti despatch from the Secretary of State of the United States, the substance of which he is instructed to communicate to Mr. Canning, the Under signed, is performing that duty, will, on those points to which he had already alluded in his former note, have but some explanatory remarks to add. The right of Gres tliritain,which is flint of every nation,to prohibit or allow foreign commerce with any part of her do minions, is unquestionable. That right, in reference to her colonies, has never been denied by the United States, any more than with respect to any other part of her possessions, and it is also admitted, that she may, within her own juris diction, prescribe the conditions on which such commerce shall be tolerated, and, at her will, again interdict altogether the intercourse thus permitted. On the other hand, the United States, unless restricted by treaty, which in this case they are not, have precisely the same right to prohibit, to allow, and within their own jurisdiction, to regulate foreign commerce with their do minions, whether that commerce be with the foreign coun try itself, or with its colonies or possessions abroad. It was not inadvertently that the, Undersigned used the word " right," as applied to the United States; he did not ob ject to the use of the word, as applied to Great Britain. What he attempted to show was, that this right, whick was admitted, and although it might at any time be exer cised, had no bearing on the questions which had been the subject of discussion between the two countries. What has been contended for is, that since to any com merce there must always be two parties, the mutual con sent of both is always necessary, in order that such com merce may at all exist; that whatever its nature may be, whether of ancient or modern date, whether with colonies or with possessions of a different description, from the mo ment it does exist, 'it becomes a fit subject for negociation ; and that there is no reason why an agreement should not, on that, as on any other species of trade, be founded on terms of just reciprocity, though relating to colonies, from an intercourse with which foreigners had formerly been, and might again be, excluded. The various relaxations of the colonial system of Great Britain, as they never were, nor could have been intended for the benefit of the United States, and as they were al ways accompanied with restrictions exclusively favourable to her, could not be viewed as a boon to them, and never were accepted as such. The extent to which the com merce, when not laid under too severe restrictions, was carried on between the United States and the British co lonies, is an irrefragable proof, that it was equally advan tageous to both parties. If equally advantageous, there had been no favour conferred on either side, there was no ground for a pretension by either party that the inter course should be regulated by unequal conditions. No such pretension had in fact been advanced. The proposals made by both parties, during the negociations of the year 1821, were avowedly founded in a fair reciprocity and brought the parties very near together. Unable still to agree en some points, it was concluded to suspend the gociation, with a distinct understanding that it should be again renewed at some convenient day. Mr. King was, in 1825, empowered to treat on all the subjects of the previous negociation. He was instructed, in the first instance, as being a subject of more pressing urgency, to call on the British Government to remove the impediments which prevented the execution of the St. Pe tersburgh Convention. If his instructions, on other sub jects, were not forwarded to him, it was because he was engaged in discussions respecting that Convention, and it was believed that the state of his health did not admit of his entering at that time upon the more arduous duty of resuming the suspended negociation. Of this his Majesty's Government appears to have been fully aware. On the 22d of March, 1526, Mr. Vaughan addressed an official note to the Secretary of State of the United States, in which he says— " 1 have received instructions from His Majesty's Go vernment to acquaint you, that it is preparing to proceed in the important negotiations between that country and the United States, uow placed in the hands of the American Minister in London. Mr. Huskisson has been already in troduced to Mr. R. King, as His Majesty's Plenipotentiary, and the Minister of State, having the department of foreign affairs, has received His Majesty's commands to associate Mr. Addington, late His Majesty's Charge d'Affaires in America, with Mr. Huskisson, as joint Plenipotentiary, on the part of Great Britain. The negociations will, there fore, be forthwith resumed ; and it will be fur the Govern ment of the United States to judge whether, considering the state of health of Mr. R. King, which Mr. Canning laments to say has been, since his arrival in England, far from satisfactory, they will join any other negotiator in the commission with him." The President did deliberate on that friendly suggestion; and the nomination of a person to be associated with Mr. King was contemplated, when a letter from him, dated the 21st day of March, desiring permission to return, was re ceived; upon which, the duty of renewing those im portant negotiations, devolved, to his great regret, on the Undersigned alone. His instructions were of a character authorising the hope that the result would be satisfactory : his departure was hastened : on his arrival in England, the Order in Council of July last had already been enacted. Indeed, it appears that the determination not to renew the negotiations on the Colonial Intercourse, and to regulate it exclusively by acts of Parliament, had been taken before July, 1825, when the acts to that effect were passed. Had Mr. King been provided with the same instructions, which the Under signed received, they would have been equally unavailing. Of that determination, the Government of the United States had not the least notice. On the contrary, although Mr. Vaughan's communication offered the opportunity of making known the intentions of his Majesty's Government, positive assurance was given of its being prepared to pro ceed in the important negotiations, and that the negotia tions would be forthwith resumed, without any suggestion that the Colonial Intercourse would form an exception. The acts of Parliament of the year 1825, in which that intention was to be discovered, never were officially corn ; municated. That of the 27th of June, passed only a few days before that of the sth of July, and not specially re pealed by it, was not calculated to elucidate the object in view ; and several causes concurred to induce a belief, that this last act was not intended to affect the trade between the British colonies and the United States, as carried on under the act of June, 1822. This belief, and the reasons for it, were distinctly ex pressed in a letter from the Department of State to a mem ber of Congress of the 25th of December, 1825, a copy of which is enclosed. That letter was published in the Ame ritem newspapers ; a copy was furnished to Mr. Vaughan ; and he is understood to have transmitted it to his Govern ment. That opinion was corroborated by the construction ulti mately put on the act by the British authorities. It was thereby provided that certain privileges granted to foreign ships should be limited to the ships of those countries which should comply with the conditions therein stated, unless his illrlajesty, by his Order in Council, should in any case grant such privileges, although the conditions had not been performed. And the act was declared to come in full force and operation, from the sth of January, 1826. It had at first been determined at Halifax, that the port should accordingly be shut against American vessels after that day. This decision was afterwards revoked, although the condition had cot been performed, and although no Order in Council had granted the privileges in question. tioa4 etca repeal It now appears that the act of the sth of July, 1825, (6th Geo. IV. cap. 114), which contains no repealing clause of former acts, refers, under the name of the loy;'; f 1 navigation, to another act of the same date (6 Ge ° " ai l„ . cap. 109) ; that this, although it contains also no re € l,7 sec. 5 1;325 clause, is understood and construed as having suP gr' l e call clause, acts on the same subject; and that of the act of 1822 (3 Geo. IV. cap. 44, is to b e found in another act, also of the sth of J u ly, . (6 Geo. „ pe a the several laws IV. cap. 103), entitled, "An act to relating to the customs." understanding their precise m eaning' of ascertaining what t to he case of the Jubilee, of fo rmer acts were actually repealed, and what still The intricacy of those several acts, and the difficulty of parts seems to have led into error one of the highest tribunals of in force, a difficulty ma y well account for the construction put Great Britain, I ose acts in the United States ; affording, at the upon t same time, a s ufficient reason for having preferred a re newal of the negociations to a pure acceptance of the con ditions, contemplated by the act of the sth of Jul, 1525, (g George IV, ear. 14,1 1 - -i) had it been only for the pur pose of ascertaining the true intent and meaning of the act. Even so late as October last, Mr. Vaughan, as appears by his correspondence with Sir. Clay, was not provided w hich, with instructions that enabled him to give a satisfactory answer to the inquiries, whether, according to the British interpretation, American vessels might trade between the British colonies and foreign countries, and whether discri minating duties of every species had been abolished. The proposition made during the last Session of Congress and to which. Mr. Canning has alluded, affords an addi tional proof of the imperfect understanding, owing to the complexness of the several Acts of Parliament which at that time prevsiled. re.nectine• their true ob;ect sod insen —iiiidif.;condition been limited to the commerce and ne e intercourse betw een their dom i n i ons at t Co ha l u on a ie it e e ; d might have satis bsatad,eist b een i so intended na vigation t ei i tx o , p n br o eys f are t ld h a,c e an ß ag r i tth t h i and the British colonies on the same footing in every re spect, as the intercourse between the United States, and the colonies of the most favoured nation ; s h e condition, though not altogether free of objection, would at least have been apparently reciprocal. • To require b es id es, that it should be extended to the commerce and navigation of Great Britain generally, that it should embrace that intercourse between her and the United States which is regulated by a special convention, that they should grant any privilege in that intercourse to British vessels, no t s tipulated by that convention, as the price for the permission of trading with the British Colonies, was a total departure from the princi ples of a just reciprocity. But it appeared also extremely difficult, if at all possible, to understand what was meant, by placing that commerce and navigation on the footing of the most favoured nation. If Great Britain only asked to be placed on that foot ing, on giving the same equivalent which any other reign nation may have given to the United States, in order to have privileges which she does not enjoy, the navigation law of the United States has already made provision in that respect. There is no privilege en joyed in the United States, by the commerce and na vigation of any For e ign nation, which Great Britain :nay no t obta in, by allowing to them the same reciprocal ad vantages which they enjoy in the ports of such Foreign nation, and on which such privilege depends. To com ply with the condition thus understood, the United States would have had no new act to perform. This could hardly b e presumed to have been the intention of the act of Par liament. But if, by that act, it was intended to require, as the condition for allowing, to American vessels the privilege of trading with the British colonies, that the commerce and navigation of Great Britain and of her possessions abroad, should, without any other equivalent, be generally placed on the same footing with the commerce and n avigation of any other foreign nation, which, by reason of reciprocal ad vantages allowed to American vessels, may, now or here after, be entitled to greater privileges than Great Britain now enjoy., the condition was inadmissible. British vessels, and those of several other nations, may now, by virtue of treaty, stipulations, or of other reciprocal regulations, import into the United States, articles of the produce or manufacture of the countries to which such vessels respectively belong, on the same terms, and on the payment cf the same duties of tonnage, and on the cargo, as if imported in American vessels. In every instance the privilege is reciprocal, and will cease with respect to any of those countries, whenever vessels of the United States laden with produce of the United States may cease to be admitted into the ports of such country en the same terms as its own vessels. _ . _ In conformity with the navigation law of the United States, the prohibition to import, in foreign vessels, mer chandise not the produce of the country to which Fuels vessels respectively belong, extends only to the vessels of such nations as have adopted a similar regulation. Great Britain is accordingly one of the few nations to which the prohibition applies. I n pursuance of the treaty concluded in December, 1825, between the United States and Central America, what ever may be imported into or exported from either country in its own vessels, to or frem any foreign 7 with it, may, in like manner, and on payment of the same duties, be imported or exported in the vezzels of the other country. If, therefore, it was meant by the condition required, that the commerce and navigation of Great Britain, and of her possessions abroad, should be gratuitously and generally placed on the footing of the most favoured nations, the an d, as the price place whatever, United States, in order to COMO w 0:21 itlhoelosnaill,eer allowed terms, nn ( t i toh () e n A pay mentlelike for the permission to trade with the British colonies, would to admit the importion of British produce of every although i merchandisenllattvhiß,eoorutiibeggtfiehis,ehtnhttie:lieeoselens)mloieißilngues vr e ,pdi d etoo — obliged.--1, importation l aGe .tvht , n:iieo: sipfe II i. vessels, even without being 3, if the condition was intended to applY to Ame rican vesicle in British ports ; 2, to admit the Importation, foreign country, vessels, should have expired, and f imported in A me ric p an ri v v e i s le se g l e s s , discriminat educe in American vessels, should still be prohibited ; to which the the pr corresponding privilege granted subsequent to the date of the Act of Parliament, to ginchtoargßerditwisiltihpsonryts, of admit the importation of such foreign produce in British jug , duties, and generally to allow to British vessels, with t3r, all the reciprocal advantages vessels of Central America are entitled. If this was not the intention of the Act of Parliament, if the words "commerce and navigation of this country," were m e ant only to include the circuitous intercourse, the weaning] must be admitted e xpressions used to convey that out reciprocity, Thiscast interpretation to have been much too general. t h e obser,va io _ that have no has been suggested only by „ le •s correspondence with curred in the course of Mr. Cam g or any other admis s ibl e con the Undersigned. If such , struction was intended, the m o t s a t ti o o b n v o m f u t s h way of prevent ing both an erroneous interP i e n refers' o condition, and any unfounded expectetioni ice to a renewal of Have been the negotiations, would liament an official communica tion of the Act 0 , - accompanied ith a full , , o f the conditi and free explanati°J.estv,t •on required,. ` and of the intentions of his .16-1 Government on the whole subject. _,,, e nt of the United Sta d b The Gover tes is animate y the most sineere d e sire t maintain with that of Great Britain 0 „, merely orea the forms of courtesy and amity, but to cultivate !" ; , 1, 1 and lasting friendship, to settle every controverrieu (ideation between them upon prineiplee of us tice an ( reciprocity, and by an enlarged liberality in their mutual intercourse to advance the real prosperity of both.. - Entertaining this desire, it has learnt with regret t he r esolution of his "Majesty's Government to close the door against those friendly explanations, and that free and mu tual exposition of the wishes and views of the parties, so essential between two nations whose interests and happi nees are Co interwoven as those of Great Britain and the United States, and which eau be but partially and imper fectly interchanged, if muteal legislation is substituted to negotiation and to the ordinary mode of treating. As the only alternative which this course has left, it was the President's iatention to lay the whole correspondence which has passed between the two Governments on that subject, including the instructions given to the several Ame rican Ministers near his Britannic Majesty, before Congress at their present Session. It will remain with that body to decide, whether the Colonial Intercourse shall be alto gether closed, whether that portion of it left open by the Order in Council shall continue co, or on what conditions t eo ra n d t e pamtiaby be lewpitli placed. The the i n terests of the United States that The Undersigned has been further instructed to give at the same time, to his Majesty's Government, the assurance that notwithstanding its late decision, that of the United States will he ready, at Washington or at London, to treat of the Colonial Intercourse, whenever it may be the desire or inclination of Great Britain to negociate on that sub ject.—The Undersigned, &c. (Signed) ALBERT GALLATIN. The Right lion. George Canning, &c. (Enclosure in No. 5.) THE HON. It. CLAY TO TUX ZION. C. C. CANBULEXat Department of State, Dec. Sir—l have perused the letter which you left with me, and which is herewith returned, respecting the construe