The Sun. — London, England, 1842-07-18 00:00:00

31 A RYLEBONE ELECTION The Committee of the Borough of MARYLEBONE REFORM AND REGISTRATION ASSOCIATION, urge all the Reformers of the Borough to pay, on or before WenxErnAT next, the 20th inst., all POOR RATES and ASSESSED TAXES, due on the sth April last, otherwise their names will not appear on the List of Voters for the ensu ing year. Every information on the subject may be obtained at the Office of the Association, 62, Warren-street, Fitzroy square. County Voters can also be supplied with information, and forms of " Notices of Claim." July 16, 1842. WILLIAM ALLEN, Secretary. ESTMIN SI E R ELECTION. The WESTMINSTER REFORM SOCIETY call the attention of the ELECTORS of WESI MINSTER to tlse fallowing NOTICE :—Oceupiers of Houses, Warehouses, Counting-howes, Shops, or other Buildings, of the yearly value of it L, or upwards, will lose their Votes for the next year (that pa to sav, from the Ist of November, 1842, to the Ist of Novem ber, 1843) unless they pay, on or before WEDNFSDAY itExT,the 20th day of July, the Poor's-rates and Window-tax payable from them previously to the 6th day of April last, in respect of neh Premises. The payment of no other Rate or Tax is necessary for Elec tors entitled, or claiming as above. SCOT AND LOT VOTERS will be disfranchised, unless they pay, on or before SATUKDA Y, the 30th day of July instant , the Poca's-rates payable from them previously to that day. Scot and Lot Voters, in order to be registered as such, need not pay any Tax, or nay other Rate, than the Poor's-rate. Information on the subject of the Regi,tration may be ob tained from the Secretary of the Society, at. Stannard's Hotel, Charles-street, Covent-garden, every Monday Evening from Seven till Ten o'Clock. GEORGE HUGGETT, Secretary. July 16, 1842. T JAE NEW HISTORICAL ROMANCE, EDITED LY HORACE SMITH, Esq. Just ready, in 3 vols. post 3c0., AS S A N I E LL 0. AN HISTORICAL ROMANCE. Edited by HORACE, SMITH, F.sq., Author of " Brambletye House," &c. Mary Colburn, PUblisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street. L ROYAL HIGHNESS THE GRAND l if f DUKE OF BADEN, having AUTHORISED and G A RANTEED several DISTRIBUTIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS— HEINE BROTHERS are now selling BONDS ard CERTIFICATES for the said c ii.tributions. Next DISTRIBUTION on Ist September. SELECTION of the 400 Bonds, taking part in this Distribu tion, on Ist August. Orders for BONDS and for CERTI FICATES, can be given till 21st instant, at the following prices ; but SELECTED BONDS are not to be had before 2d of August, as they will be selected on the Ist of August. One Bond £4 10 One Selected Bond 3O 0 Twelve Certificates 5 0 98,800, obtaining EA CH a Dividend between lst September, 1842, and Ist September, 1856. Certificates, 98,800, 400 of which obtain one selected Bond, be longing to the Distribution of Ist Sept. 1812. Selected Bonds, 400, obtaining each a Dividend on lst of Sep. ternber,lB42 ; largest Dividend,3,333l. Os. Bd. Smallest Dividend, Si. Bs. 4d. BONDS and SELECTED BONDS are SIGNED and STAMPED by the GOVERNMENT, and under its Guarantee. CERTIFICATES are SIGNED and STAMPED b) the BANKERS, who issue the Certificates. Direct for BONDS and CERTIFICATES, or for sg. LECTED BONDS, to HEINE BROTHERS, at LUBECK. Luteck, Bth July, 1842. Postcript.—Orders fur less than Si. will not be attended to. Bonds THEATRE-ROYAL, ENGLISH OPERA-:HOUSE. THIS EVENING, JULY 18. The Performances will commence with the DREAM AT SEA. Characters by Messrs. Oxberry, W. H. Bland, and 0. Smith; Miss Pineott, and Miss Faucit. After which, THE ILLUSTRIOUS STRANGER.--Bowbell, Mr. Harley; Azar, Mr. Barcer ; Nan, M:s. Hughes. To which will be added, the New Drama of THE LONE HUT Principal Characters by Messss. 0. Soilth, Diddea W. H. Bland, and Harley, Miss Murray, Miss Crisp, and Miss Faueit. To conclude with a New kallet- - Character s b y Mr. Oxberry andi Miss Farebrotner. Boxes, 4s. Pit, 2s.—Gallery, Is. Doors open at Half-past Six; Commence at Seten ; Half-price, a Quarter before Nine. Private Boxes to be had of Mr. Grogan, at the Private Box-office. ; and of Mesas. Andrews, Mitchell, Sams, and Baily, at their Libraries. ROYAL SURREY THEATRE. THIS EVENING, JULY IF. Will be represented Donizetti's Opera of THE LOVE SPELL, supported by the First Vocalists of the Day—Miss Romer, Mr, W. Harrison ' Mr. Leffler Mr. J. 3Netrster, Mrs. Serle, and Miss E. Terrey Conductor, Ar. G. Stansbury. After which, Shakspere's Tragedy of MACBETH; with all Locke's splendid Music, sung by the entire Opera Company. Places and Private Soxes may be ad of Mr. J. Kerschner, at the Ibex Ottice, from Eleven till Four daily. ROYAL SURREY ZOOLO9ICAL GARDENS. The Nobility, Gentry, Subscribers, and the Public, are respectfully Info rrr. ed that ON MONDAYS, TUESDAYS, AND THURSDAY 4, GRAND EVENING FETEs will be given, in which will be em bodied all those popular Entertainments that have given to this favou rite place of recreation its peculiar celebrity, with additions and lA troductions, which render them more generally attractive. The MENAGERIE has been enriched by many valuable and im portant acquisitions in the classes of both Quadrupeds and Birds. seeding Tune Five o'clock. The Colossal VIEW OF ROME has been repainted, and in some Instances remodelled, with a Mechanical Tablelu d'actioa, repre senting the Proceision of the Papal Troops, Guards, and Roman Nobles, to the Castle of St. Angelo. Tha BAND includes some of the most eminent Performers, eon lucted by Mr. Godfrey, and the Programme of the PROMENADES MUSICALES selectedf rem the noblest works of the great Masters. The ILLUNIINATIONof ST. PETER'S, the CROSS of FIRE, and the DIRA N BOLA of ST. ANGELO. wish all the gorgeous Spectacles and magnifieent Introductions that have called forth ac clammations of delight and Admiration on each evening of their ex. jobition, terminating with the triumph of pyrotechnic splendour, the CASCADE of BRILLIANT FIRE, iiIX 1 Y FEET in height. The Gardens are open Daily from Ten till Dusk. The Evening Toles; with the. Protnenadeo Muscales, Illumination of St. Peter's, eirendola of Sc. Angelo &c., will be.given on Mondays, Tuesdays, tad Thursdays. Admi ssion One Shilling. All Advortisements of a Disgusting Character, or raimoral Tendency, are excluded from the Columns of " The Sun." *,4 4 ' r•%;‘ z- • • j` a." 04%$' ^ • nit' „sun. LONDON : MONDAY MORNING, JULY 18, 1842. The compromise on the Collieries Bill, seems to us to have placed the Legislature in a singular position. It postpones the clause concerning the females working in mines, till the Ist of March—it substitutes the age of ten for the age of thirteen, at which boys are to be admitted into the mines—it abstains from regulating their hours of employment —it gives up the inspectors—it merely diminishes the years of apprenticeship, without abolishing It, and it allows persons to be placed in charge of engines when . they are fifteen years of age. Everybody must admit, and Lord ASHLEY and his friends must vehemently assert that these regulations, which fall so far short of what they proposed, are completely inadequate to correct the evils in col lieries. They are most imperfect as a code for regulat ing labour in them. At the same time; by touching the matter at all, the Legislature makes itself respon sible both for what it does, and for what it leaves un done. Till March next, it sanctions the abomination of women working in the mines. It sanctions that 'which has been stigmatized as a cruel employment of children. It sanctions practices which have been said to be vicious and degrading to both sexes, and highly derogatory to the national character. By touching this subject, which it ought never to have done, un less it could completely regulate ; every part of it, the Legislature has made itself chargeable with the whole, and has.taken on:itself all the:odium which belongs to continuing the cruelties described in the Report of the Commissioners. It would have been much better for the character of Parliament, as we advised it, not to have meddled with the matter. Under the impulse, 11 , )weyer; of blind benevolence it has relieved the coal owners and the colliers from their responsibility, and ' taken that all on itself. We preshme the house of Commons must, for its own sake, throw out the amended Bill which the Lords will send down to it. By passing that Bill, it will sanction all the enor wities which are left uncorrected. The most important news brought by the Britannia Arrived at Liverpool, having left Halifax on the 6th hist., is, that President TYLER has vetoed a Bill passed by the Congress to Suspend the Compromise Act. This third exercise of the veto power had excited a considerable -sensation in Congress, and Mr. ADAMS was one pf the fore Most in denouncing it as unconsti tutional. Mr. WISE defended it. It certainly is as strong an act of monarchical authority as could be practised by any Sovereign of Europe; and may g i ve rise to some alteration in the American Constitution. In the State of Rhode island there has been a regular rebellion headed by a Mr. Doan, who had formed an entrenched camp, and made considerable pre parations for a fight. The approach of the troops, and the proclamatien of martial law, caused the insurgents to throw down their arms and disperz.•. Mr. DORE escaped, but a considerable number of persons was ar rested, and a considerable quantity of arms, including six - pieces of artillery, captured. The force of the in surgents is said to have amounted to 1,500 men. These papers bring no confirmation of the reported insurrection in Hayti. They contain advices from the West Indies of a later date than the former intelli genre, and nothing is said in them of the deposition of President BOY a. The Royal Agricultural Society, w hi c h terminated itsproceed i ngs at Bristol, on I'riday, deserves from us a brief notice. The meeting on th a t occas i on i s sa id to hare far exce l ', . ed .th:, splendour of its festivi ties, the exceilency of itsarrangernents, the number of its members, and in the quality of the stock and implments exhibited, any of its predecessors. Though we are.noVbe,kward, we hope, in doing homage to the vast skill displayed in our manufactu. ring districts, and admire more than we can well ex- I press, the inimitable machinery which is therebrought into operation, being thoroughly convinced, too, that its moral effects—reducing all who have to use it, into habits of order and regularity—are as beneficial as its effects in abridging labour, yet are we well convinced that agriculture, which supplies the bulk • f our sub sistence, lies at the foundation of all our greatness, and deserves far more than the meretricious arts which merely contribute to the splendour of a few, the hearty approbation of all reasonable • men. We are glad, therefore, to see that art fostered and en couraged by our nobility and gentlemen, and glad to see their meetings attended by distinguished strangers, who will spread the fame of English agriculture over the wide world. Though we are extremely hostile to the absurd, wicked, and unsuccessful attempt of our law-makers to promote its improvement, as they say, by plun , dering and starving the rest of the community, we quite agree with Earl SPENCER in wishing for its improvement, and he placed the improvement which has already been made on its right basis, and accu rately described its relative extent when he said— " What has raised this our country to be so great among the other nations of the world ? It is the union of our agriculture, our manufactures, and our commerce, which renders this little island—which, if you look at it on the map, seems but a spot before the eye—one of the most, if not the most powerful nation of the world.— (Cheers.) It is the united energies cf your people which have excited them to the accumulation of wealth, that has raised this country in the scale of nations, and made us what we are, and, I hope in God, shall long continue to be.—(Great cheering.) These three great interests are intimately connectdtogether. It is one of the wise dispensations of Providence, that the people of this country, and, indeed, of any country, shall be dependent on one another If any of the great interests to which I have referred Jail, depend upon it the others will soon feel the effect of the loss. Gentlemen, with respect to the manufactures of this nation we know that enor mous strides have been made ;and that the manufactures of our country have absorbed into themselves the advan tages of every scientific discovery, and the British manufacturers have applied to them every advantage which the improvements in chemical science have en abled them to do. With regard to our agriculture, gentlemen, though it has not hitherto applied to the ex tent which I hope it will soon apply, the advantages of scientific improvement to our practical knowledge, yet, gentlemen, I am confident that the station of our agricul ture stands very high—if not the highest among all na tions of the world.—(C heers.) I speak this of agridul ture generally ; but if I were to speak only of our do mestic animals, there could be then, no doubt that we stand very far indeed before any other country in the breed of our domestic animals as we stand before them in the skill and prosperity of our manufactures." It is, indeed, too plain to need any proof, that our agriculture, as the bulk of its produce is raised for sale, must find more encouragement in the increasing demands of the consumers, and more effectual means of improvement, than in all the meetings of all the societies that ever existed, and in all the laws that ever were made. What would become of agriculture without customers ? What could meetings do if there were no buyers ? It is, therefore, by the com prehensive machinery erected in our manufacturing districts, which has called into life and wealth the huge towns of Manchester, Glasgow, Liverpool, and half London—though pro-Corn-law writers con- tinually deride it—that our agriculture, aswell as our commerce and manufactures, has been made to flourish. Lord SPENCER is truly sensible of this, and he proclaims aloud to those weak and silly persons who decry machinery, and seek to arrest the progress of manufacturing prosperity, that " if any one of these great interests falls, the others will soon feel the effects of the loss." To] keep down manufactures, to stint commerce, and to crush the rising democracy of the towns, are the suicidal objects of those pro- Corn-law legislators, who pretend to desire the aggrandisement and improvement of agricuiture. Lord SPENCER is not one of these; he is an enlight ened friend to both agriculture and manufactures. We are well pleased to see the British Agricultural Society endeavouring to improve agriculture by the application of science. It is right, as the landlords cut off the supply of food from abroad, that they should extend cultivation at home ; but when they have done so, where will they obtain a market for their produce ? The manufacturers already produce a great deal more than the landowners and all the agricultural classes can purchase. The agriculturists do not want more calicos, and fustians, and muslins, and they will not give away their produce. For what, then, will they exchange their increased produce ? Will they send it abroad ? For England, to export agricultural pro duce she must reduce its cost, or prices must fall below the level of other countries. The landlords say that is ruin. We must inform them, however, that they can get no equivalents for their increased produce but by encouraging manufactures, and we warn them if they do not unchain manufactures, and allow com merce to go free, that agricultural - improvements will speedily end in their own ruin. The only way in which they can get equivalents for new produce, is to allow the merchants and manufacturers to bring them from abroad; and to retain restrictions on trade, while they promote the application of science to agri culture, is like a man setting out vigorously on a journey with his right leg, while he persists in chaining his left leg to a wall. In another part of the paper will be found a lengthened report of the entertainment given to Sir Allan Macnab, on Friday, previous to his return to Canada. His spirited conduct during the insur rection deserves every praise, and we have no doubt that in times of peace he will be found still the same patriot, anxious to increase the resources of his native country, and perpetuate its union with Great Britain. COURT CIRCULAR. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, attended by Lady Anna Maria Dawson, left Clarence House, St. James's, at half-past five o'clock on Saturday after noon, on a visit to her Majesty the Queen Dowager, at her residence Bushy House, Bushy-park. Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, Prince George, and . the Princess Augusta of Cambridge, attended by Lady Augusta Somerset, honoured the Italian Opera with their presence on Saturday ev, nine;. The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, the Princesses Augusta and Mary of Cambridge, attended by Baron Knesebeck, afterwards left town for their resi deuce at New. The Hen. Mr. Archibald, the Muster of the Rolls of Nova Scotia, Mr. C. D. Archibald, F.R.S., and Mr. G. Lawrence, had interviews with Lord Stanley on Saturday, at the Colonial-office. A Deputation of machine-makers, headed by Mr. M. Philips, M.P., and Mr. E. Buckley, M.P., and including Messrs. Jenkinson, Curtis, and Higgins, of Manchester, and Mr. Hackin, of Bury, had an interview with the Earl of Ripon on Friday, at the office of the Board of Trade. A Deputation on the wine trade, including Lord Sandon, M.P., Mr. Masterman, M.P., Sir Howard Douglas, M.P., and Mr. George Barnes, had an interview with the Chancellor of th. - : Exchequer, and Mr. Dean, Chairman of the Customs, on Saturday, in Downing street. Sir Charles Metcalfe and Sir William Gomm had interviews with Lord Stanley at the Colonial-office on Saturday. A Deputation of Shopkeepers of Manchester, consist ing of the following:—Mr. R. Owen, Mr. W. J. Birch, and Mr. J. Peate, had an interview with the Earl of Ripon, on Saturday, at the Office of the Board of Trade. The Right Hon. Sir George Murray, Bart., awl Miss Murray, have arrived at Farrance's Hotel, Belgrave-street. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council sat on Saturday. The Lords present were, the Lord President, Lord Brougham, the Vice-Chancellor Knight Bruce, and the Judge of the Admiralty Court. Sir A. John ston and Sir E. East sat as Privy Councillors. Mr. Richards, Queen's Counsel, was heard for the appellant, on an appeal from Bengal, opened at a former sitting, " Baboo Deep Narain v. Lal Chutterpeet Singh." Mr. Loftus Wigram, Queen's Counsel, also commenced his address. The case was adjourned. DRAINAGE (IttWAND) BILL We called attention to this subject a few days since,. and are glad to find that same Noble Lords connected with Ireland have looked into the matter, and the Bill was yesterday postponed to give time for further consi deration and extensive change. We were of opinion that, as was at the time stated, the Shannon Act was not to form any precedent, and yet here it appears general ised, with all its arbitrary and taxing powers, extended over the whole of Ireland, and devised with an ingenuity which seems to have fur its sole object the crushing pri • vate enterprise, by the erection of a favoured rival in the shape of a well-paid and expensive Government Board. We thought better things of Lord Eliot than that he s hould have been so far imposed upon as to bring in this novel, i n congruous, sand expensive mode of draining lands, or, rather, draining the owner:, whose good lands are to be responsible for any sum the Commissioners and their solicitor wish to expend upon the bad. Really people ought to be permitted to do their own business, and if G overnment go on this Wa y we do not despair of the immedia te creation. of a bo ar d f or sow i ng potatoes. was headed "River s ," in stead of " Drainage," Bill , in our publication of [This article, by mistak e, Satur day night. The Rivers Bill is one of a' very useul cha racter, permitting the owners of pro. erty to improve their owil lands by deepening water-courses and rivers, under the sanction of the Lord-Lieutenant in large, and the Grand Juries in small drainages. This economical method of doing one's own business, as contrasted with the interminable expenses of a Board of Works, as in the Drainage Bill, is certainly creditable to Lord Eliot.] THE SUN, LONDON, AMERICAN NEWS• LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY EVENING. The Britannia steamer, from Boston and Halifax, one of Messrs. Cunard's splendid line, commanded by Captain John Hewett, arrived at this port this morn ing, at a quarter before eleven o'clock. By her we have received New York papers to the Ist, Phila- delphia to the Ist, Boston to the 2d, and Halifax to the sth, and from Canada generally to a correspond ins: late date. The Britannia is a day behind her usual time of arrival, as usually calculated, which we find arose from her being detained off Halifax, on her way from Boston, for thirty-six hours, by a most dense fog, which rendered it unsafe to run for the harbour. She sailed from Halifax on the morning of the 6th, having left Boston on the 2d, and has made the voyage under ten days. She has fifty-seven passengers, amongst whom is Major Cooke, the bearer of despatches from Lord Ashburton. (From the New York American of July 1.) The political occurrences of the last few weeks in the United States have been discouraging to all who love their country and hope for the perpetuity, as well as efficiency of its free institutions. At Washington dis cord prevails. The President is without the confidence of Congress, or any considerable portion of it, and the result is disagreement as to almost all important public measures. The state of the revenue laws is such as to make it questionable whether any duties can now be collected; for the Compro mise Act bad its completion yesterday, and from that date new duties, and new modes of levying those duties were to be arranged. But the legislation on the subject contemplated by the Compromise Act, has not been matured, and to meet this contingency a tem porary bill was. passed, extending to Ist August the duties in force on Ist June, and the laws for collecting them. Upon this temporary Bill the President has put his Veto, and as there are not two-thirds in either House to carry the Bill, notwithstanding the Veto, it is defeated, and tke collection of any revenue will be disputed. We annex the Message of the President, assigning his reasons for not signing the Bill " To the House of Representatives : " I return the Bill which originated in the House of Representatives entitled 'An act to extend for a limited period the present laws for laying and collecting duties on imports,' with the following objections : "It suspends—in other words abrogates for the time the provision of the Act of 1833, commonly called the Compromise Act. The only ground on which this de parture from the solemn adjustment of a great and agi tating question seems to have been regarded as expe dient, is the alleged necessity of establishing by legisla tive enactment rules and regulation of assessing the duties to be levied on imports after the 30th of Jure, according to the home valuation ; and yet the bill ex pressly provides that if, before the Ist of August, there be no further legislation upon the subject, the laws for laying and collecting duties shall be the same as though this Act had not been passed.' In other words—that the Act of 1833, imperfect as it is considered, shall, in that case continue to be, and to be executed as law under such rules and regulations as previous statutes had pre scribed, or had enabled the Executive Department to prescribe for that purpose—leaving the supposed chasm in the revenue laws just as it was-before. " I am certainly far from being disposed to deny that additional legislation upon the subject is very desirable. On the contrary, the necessity, as well as difficulty, of establishing uniformity in the appraisements to be made in conformity with the true intention of that act, was brought to the notice of Congress in my Message to Congress at the opening of its present session. But, however sensible I may be of the embarrassments to which the Executive, in the absence of all aid from supe rior wisdom of the legislature, will be liable, in the en forcement of the existing laws, I have not, with the sin cerest wish to acquiesce in its expressed will, been able to persuade myself that the exigency of the occasion is so great as to justify me in signing the Bill in question, with my present views of its character and effects. The existing laws, as I advised, are sufficient to authorise and enable the collecting officers, under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, to levy the duties imposed by the Act of 1833. " That Act was passed under peculiar circumstances, to which it is not necessary that I should do more than barely allude. Whatever may be in theory, its cha racter, I have always regarded it as imposing the highest moral obligation. It has now existed for nine years unchanged in any essential particular, with as gene ral acquiescence, it is believed, of the whole country, as that country has manifested for a , y , of her wisely es tablished institutions. It has insured to it the repose which always flows from truly wise and moderate coun cils—a repose the more striking, because of the long and angry agitations which preceded it. This salutary law proclaims, in express' terms, the principle which, while it led to the abandonment of a scheme of indi rect taxation founded on a false basis and pushed to dan gerous excess, justifies any enlargement of duties that may be called for by the real exigencies of the public service. It provides that duties shall be laid for the purpose of raising such revenue as may be necessary to an economical administration of the Government.' It is, therefore, in the power of Congress to lay duties as high as its discretion may dictate, for the necessary uses of the Government, without infringing upon the objects of the Act of 1833. I do not doubt that the necessities of the Government do require an increase of the tariff of duties above 20 per cent. and las little doubt but that above as well as below that rate Congress may so discriminate as to give incidental ptotection to manufacturing industry—thus to make the burdens, which it is compelled to impose upon the people for the purposes of Government, productive of a double benefit. This most of the reasonable opponents of protective duties seem willing to conceive, and if we may judge from the manifestations of public opinion in all quarters, this is all that the manufacturing interests really re quire. I am happy in the persuasion that this double object can be most easily and effectually accom plished at the present juncture, without any departure from the spirit and principle of the statute now in question. The manufacturing classes have now an opportunity, which may never occur again, of perma nently identifying their interests with those of the whole country, and making them, in the highest sense of the term, a national concern. The moment is propitious to the interests of the whole country in the introduction of harmony among all its parts and all its several interests. The same rate of imposts, and no more as will most surely re-establish the public credit, will secure to the manufacturer all the protection he ought to desire, with every prospect of permanence and stability which the hearty acquiescence of the whole country, oa a reason able system, can hold out to him.• " But of this universal acquiescence and the harmony and confidence and the many other benefits that will certainly result from it, I regard the suspension of the law for distributing the proceeds of the public funds as an indispensable condition. This measure is, in my judgment, called for by a large number, if . not a great majority, of the people of the United States, by the state of public credit and finances, by the critical posture of our various foreign 'relations, and, above all, by that most sacred of all 'duties, public faith. The Act of September last, which provides for the distribution, couples it inseparably with the condition that it shall cease-Ist., in case of war; 2d., as soon and so long as the rate of duties shall, for uny reason whatever, be raised above 20 per cent. Nothing can be more clear, express or imperative than this language. It is in vain to allege that a deficit in the Treasury was known to exist, and means taken to supply it by loan when the act was passed. It is true that a loan was authorised at the same session during which the Distribution Law was passed, but the most sanguine of the friends of the two measures entertained no doubt but that the loan would be eagerly taken up by capitalists, and speedily reimbursed by a country destined, as they hoped, soon to enjoy an overflowine. prosperity. The very terms of the loan making it redeemable in three years, demonstrate this beyond all cavil. Who at that time foresaw or imagined the possibility of the actual state of things, when a nation that has paid off her whole debt since the last peace, while all the other great Powers have been increasing theirs, and whose resources, already so great, are yet but in e the infancy of their development, should be compelled t, haggle in the money market for paltry sum, not equalto one year's revenue on her economical system ? If the Distribution Law is to be indefinitely suspended accord ing, not only to its own terms, but by universal consent; in case of war, wherein are the actual exigencies of the country, or the moral obligation to provide for them less under present circumstances than they could be were we actually involved in war ? It appears to me to he the indispensable duty of all concerned in the administration of public affairs, to see that a state of things so humiliating and so perilous should not last a moment longer than is absolutely unavoidable. Much less excusable should we be in parting with any portioa of our available means, at least until the demand of the Treasury were fully supplied. But besides the urgency of such considerations, the fact is undeniable that the Distribution Act could not have become a law without the guaranty in the proviso of the Act itself. " The connection, thus meant to be inseparable, is se vered by the Bill presented to me. The Bill violates the principle of the Acts of 1833, and September 1841, by suspending the first, and rendering, for a tine, the last inoperative. Duties above 20 per cent. are proposed to be levied. and yet the proviso in the Distribution Act is disregarded ; the proceeds of the sales are to be d.s tributed on the Ist of August, so that while the duties proposed to be enacted exceed 20 per cent., no suspension of the distribution to the States is permitted to take place. To abandon the principle for a month opens the way to its total abandonment. If such is not meant, why postpone at all ? Why not let the distribution take place on the Ist of July, if the law so directs ? which, however, is regarded as questionable. But why not have limited the provisions to that effect ? Is it for the accommodation of the Treasury ? I see no reason to believe that the Treasury will be in better condition to meet the payment on the Ist of August than on the let of July. " The Bill assumes that a distribution of the proceeds of the public lands is,.by existing laws, to be made on the Ist day of July, 1842, notwithstanding there has been an imposition of duties on hnposts exceeding 20 per cent. up to that day, and directs it to be made on the Ist of August next. It seems to me very clear that this construction is equally erroneous and dangerous, as it would divert from the Treasury a fund sacredly pledged for the general purposes of the Government, in the event of a rate of duty above 20 per cent. being found necessary for an economical administration of the Go vernment. " The Bill under consideration is designed as only a temporary measure, and thus a temporary measure, passed merely for the convenience of Congress, is made MONDAY EVENING, JULY 18, 1842. to affect the vital principle of an important Act. If the proviso of the Act of September, 1841, can be suspended for the whole period of a temporary law, why not for the whole period of a permanent law ? A doubt may be well entertained, in fact, according to strict legal rules, whether the condition. having been thus expressly suspended by this Bill, and rendered inapplicable to a case where it would otherwise have clearly applied, will not be considered as ever after satisfied and gone. Without expressing any decided opinion on this point, I see enough in it to justify me in adhering to the law as it stands, in preference to subjecting a condition so vitally affecting the peace of the country, and so solemnly enacted at a momentous crisis, and so stedfastly adhered to ever since, and so replete, if adhered to, with good to every interest of the country; to doubtful or captious in terpretation. " In discharging the high duty thus imposed on me by the Constitution, I repeat to the House my entire wil lingness to co-operate in all financial measures of a con stitutional character, which, in its wisdom, it may judge necessary and proper to re-establish the credit of the Government. I believe that the proceeds of the sales of the public lands being restored to the Treasury, or more properly to speak, the proviso of the Act of September, 1841, being permitted to. remain in full torte, a tariff of duties may easily be adjusted, which, while it will yield a revenue sufficient to maintain the Government in vigour by restoring its ctedit, will afford ample protection, and infuse a new life into all our manufacturing establish ments. The 'condition of the country calls for such legislation, and it wil afford me the most sincere plea sure to co-operate in it. " JOHN TYLER. " Washington, June 29, 1842." The effect upon the credit and finances of the general Government of this quasi anarchy at Washington can not be otherwise than disastrous, and even more disas trous will be its effect upon the affairs and business of the nation at large. Turning from the affairs of the Union to those of the State of Rhode Island, we see much to deplore there. The rebellion, indeed, is crushed—we think now finally —but innocent blood has been shed, Martial law has been proclaimed in a time of profound general peace. Money is very abundant, and first-rate paper in de mand at from 6to 7 per cent. interest per annum. New York State Stock, since the closing of the books, have fallen off from Ito 2 per cent. U.S. Six per Cents. are daily taken for investment at par and interest ; and un ) less a further amount is injudiciously issued, will not be [ lower. .-..-.. Public feeling is much excited in New Orleans, in re gard to the conduct of the banks now in suspension, and we fear some violent outbreak. At the last dates from there of the 22d instant the discount on the, notes of the suspended banks varied from 7 to 38 per cent. THE G RAIN CROP OF THE UNITED STATES.—AII ac counts concur inrsaying, notwithstanding rust in Lower Virginia, and wet cold weather elsewhere, it will be superabundant. Senor Lopez has resigned the Presidency of Guate mala, and Senor Rivera Paz has been chosen to succeed him. - Carrera was nominated,. but declined. Paz took the oath of office on the 14th. General Villasenor, Commander-in-Chief of the National Forces in Costa Rica, with all his troops, has surrendered to General Morazan, by a capitulation entered into on the 12th of April, without striking a blow, or making any attempt at resistance. The two armies fraternised, and Morazan was preparing to advance on Guatamala. Vigorous efforts were in progress at Guatamala to encounter the invader. _ _ . _ . _ _ The advices from Rio Janeiro are to the 24th of May. A day or two previously 2,000 troops left Rio for the coast of Santos, in the province of Paul, to suppress some political disturbances. The insurgents require the dis missal of certain obnoxious persons in the Ministry, a demand which the Emperor refused. They profess the greatest devotion to the person of the Monarch, but ap peared jealons of the Portuguese influence over him. But the disturbances were not considered of a very serious nature, and the rest of the empire was perfectly tranquil. A large number of men of war of different nations were at anchor in the harbour. The advices from Port au Prince state that all was quiet in the island, though previous to the earthquake. President Buyer had become very unpopular with the inhabitants. The Yucatan papers contain a decree of the Yucatan Government in reply to than of Santa Anna of the 7th May, declaring the Yucatoes traitors and outlaws, and therein threatening vengeance on such as might be caught within any of the Mexican. States. This last act of Santa Anna towards the Yucatoes was received by them with general indignation, and would have a tendency to excite the people to resistance rather than to submission. Accounts received at Merida of June 4th, state that General Yiman had assembled 50,000 troops at Valla dolid ready to march at a day's notice, if necessary, to repel invasion. FROM THE WEST INDlES.—Kingston (Jamaica) pa pers to the Bth of June have been received at the Ex change Reading-room. There was another riot, not of a very serious charac ter, however, at Kingston, cn the 31st of May, growing out of an attempt to arrest an escaped convict. A crowd gathered around and resisted the police, but they suc ceeded in securing their prisoner. The _Despatch, no ticing this affair, complains that the spirit of mobo cracy is rapidly gaining ground, and calls for the severest punishment to repress it. SALES AT THE STOCK EXCHANGE, Juts 1. 8,000 New York 7's, 1848 lOO 2,000 ditto 1849 ... 100 k 1,000 ditto 6's, 1562 1,000 Indiana Dollar Bondi 23 25 Shares Delaware and Hudson . 100 Ditto Mohawk Railroad ........ ...... 50 Ditto Harlem ditto 25 Ditto Syracuse... 15 Ditto Auburn and Syracuse 50 Ditto Stonington N. Y. State 5i were offered at 86 on time, no buyers. DUTCH AND FLANDERS. MAIL LITERATURE. WITHERS ON THE ACACIA. Longman. Numerous scientific botanists, whose names are prominent as authorities, have of late years made it subject of regret that the English Oak, whose solidity, durability, and strength, have rendered it permanently adopted in the building of our navies, should, from various assignable causes, stand the likelihood of grow ing so far scant and degenerated, in the island, as to be next to unavailable for the purposes which it is at present employed for. Speculation and forethought have, therefore, been at work to discover among the race of forest trees, some particular tribe or member, which, from its approved good nature and qualities, should be capable of supplying its place. Many mem bers of the arhorescent kingdom have been proposed, and their respective properties and qualifications di .ated on by their selectors and advocates, with dif ferent degrees of plausibility. But the first horti 'ulturist who,, treading in the footsteps of Cobbett, aas brought forward the Acacia tree, or Robinia Pseudo Acacia, earnestly with this view, and in this country, appears to be Mr. Withers, who, convinced of the importance of the subject, and its needful con sideration, adduces, in his above excellent work, every obtainable proof and fact corroborative of the worth and advantageous qualities of this species. Preliminarily it should be remarked that a decided distinction must be drawn between the two varieties of Acacia now existent in this country. The true Acacia (Acacia vera) is a genus which comprises a number of trees, natives exclusively of tropical cli mates. But the Acacia (the Robinia Pseudo Acacia) —coming under Mr. Withers' consideration—is, on the ether hand, a hardy tree of North America, and ought not to be confounded with the former, as, if they bear ;My relationship to each other, it is remote and unconnected. Of its. name " Robinia," and its introduction into Europe, it may be premised, that it was John Robin, one of the professors of the Jardin des Plantes, and from whom so many botanical trea sures were subsequently derived, who brought it in in 1600, during the reign of Henry IV. Linnaeus afterwards justly decided that the benefit ought to be commemorated by bestowing on the tree the name of the botanist. - Hitherto the Acacia has been used in England only for the purposes of ornamental planting. The sym metry of its form and the elegance of its foliage have made it an especial favourite in embellishing our lawns, avenues, and shrubberies. In the summer season its clusters of bloom, not unlike the orange flower, fill the air with a similar perfume, and in St. Domingo, are even made to distil a sweet and palatable liquor. Evelyn used delightedly to sit in the shade of the Acacia, meditative of his « Sylva :" crowned heads have reposed beneath it in the old Palace-yard, Westminster, and groups of love and beauty formerly were held under it in the park of St. James's. But its utility, it should appear, surpasses its luxury, while its profit rises beyond its beauty ; and, with Mr. Withers, we proceed to show its importance and value as a sterling timber tree. The . Americans, better aware of its uses than ourselves, use it for a variety of purposes—for hop-poles, vine-props, hoops, mill work, and many sorts of machinery. Especially they prefer it for the stern-posts and knees of vessels, for which, in our British dockyards, only the finest growth of the Oak is used. In France it has long been found profitable to the forester in its use, as fire wood, and making charcoal, and its grained wood, for furniture, puts it in request among turners and sawyers. The tardiness of the Oak in growth is pro verbial, while that of the Acacia is astonishing in its rapidity ; and it is a tree, which, on account of the solidity of its grain and texture, the natives of Louisiana style, par excellence, the hard-wood tree. In this light, and other collateral views, it is in valuable for ship-building. From a growth of from fourteen to twenty years, it acquires sufficient bulk to be cut into beams and girders : at this age the wood is fully as compact and hard as the Oak, and the older the wood the more solid will be the planks. Its re productive powers also in the plantations are such, and so apparently indestructible is the vitality of its roots, that while a thousand plants have been thought to be eradicated from a tract of ground one year, during the succeeding, ten thousand others have sprung up. It thrives also upon those inferior sandy soils, where other forest-trees barely exist. Glancing, therefore, only cursorily over the few well-supported statements above, Mr. Withers' laud able enthusiasm for the planting of this tree generally in England, is far from unwarrantable. Cobbett, a man of the strongest sense and judgment, accounted its value such, that he himself imported some thousands of seeds from America, having the benefit and even safety of his country at heart. At Boston it is almost wholly used in ship-building, and various other towns in America employ it undeviatingly for naval purposes. It has only to come more actively into use, to be widely, if not universally adopted. With one conclusive evidence in favour of its great strength we shall close, viz., that by experi ments made at her Majesty's Dockyard, Woolwich, on the comparative strength of this and other woods, it was found that while very fine English Oak gave 1,672, by a number expressing its strength, and the mean of other specimens of. Oak 1,535, Acacia by the experiment gave 1,867. This fact, collated with others adduced, will, we hope, win for Mr. Withers that attention among horticulturists and the guardians of our navy which the importance of the subject demands. • BRUSSELS, JULY 14.—The Journal de Flanders an nounces that the following statement has been commu nicated to it. The English schooner Racer, Captain Lawson, coming from the Havannah with a cargo of raw sugar to Mr. Charles Meulemeester, of Ghent, foundered the day before yesterday off the port of Terneuzen. The persons on board escaped, but there are no hopes of saving the cargo. Mademoiselle Rachel has just arrived at Brussels. The Courier Beige had, the first account of the acci dent to the Duke of Orleans, announcing that it was not likely to prove fatal. Baussms, JULY 15.—We were far from thinking yes terday that the fall of the Duke of Orleans would termi nate so fatally. The Moniteur Beige of this morning, at the commencement of its non-official part, announces in the following terms the death of the-Duke of Orleans : " A frightful event has plunged the august family of the King of the French and all France into the most pro found affliction—the Duko of Orleans, throwing himself Mutt his carriage with which the horses were running away, fell with his head against the pavement, and was taken up insensible. The efforts of the physicians were of no avail ; the Mike of Orleans is dead. " The King received the news of the death of the Duke of Orleans yesterday at noon. " The King of the French himself communicated to her Majesty this deplorable intelligence, expressing a wish to see him, with the Queen, immediately." Yesterday, immediately after the arrival of the courier at the palace of Lacken, with the news of the death of the Duke of Orleans, the Ministers waited on his Majesty, and soon afterwards the Marquis de Itumigny, the French Ambassador, had an audience of the King and Queen. It is . impossible to picture the grief of their Majesties on learning this unhappy event ; the Queen burst into tears. Orders have been sent to Liege to announce that their Majesties the King and Queen will not be present at the fetes which are to take place in that city. The Duke of Saxe Coburg Gotha arrived yesterday evening from Germany, and immediately proceeded to the Palace of Lacken. The King and Queen will set out for Paris to - morrow morning at five o'clock. The King sent despatches to the King of the French by the iron railway with the last train. About ten o'clock at night an extraordinary courier from Paris brought desprtches from the Minister and tne Diplomatic Agents at Brussels, with the official news of the death of the Duke of Orleans. Thu courier, after haying delivered the despatches, set out full speed for Liege and Germany, This morning several bankers and merchants at Brus sels received expresses from their correspondents at Paris. THY HAGUE, JULY 13.-11 is Majesty King William Frederick, Count of Nassau, accompanied by the Countess his wife, arrived, yesterday evening, at the Palace of the Noordeinde. A great crowd had gone to meet his Ma jesty at the end of the Bosch, who loudly expressed their joy at his arrival. The King seemed much affected by this cordial reception. llis Majesty the King imme diately visited his August Father. The officers of the garrison were presented to the Count of Nassau this morning. AMSTERDAM, JULY 15.—Our readers will find in the P.S., the accounts of the melancholy death of his Royal Highness the Duke of Orleans. BELGIAN k 11,1.1 IM—BRUsaus, JULY 15 Actual Debt, 2yi per Cent. ttothschild's Loan, fr per Cent Cent. Loan of Thirty Millions, per 92 3per 4 ----'Thirty.seven (Imo) ---- ... or 102 —.........-------- Loan of City, 1.32, 4 per Cent 1437 Societyot Commerce, 4 %per Cent BO Bank of Belgitnn, 5 per Cent 75% National Society — Exchange on London (short) —Rrussels Papers, JulY 15. DUTCH EUN'lo,—Ardtagnoaar, Jurot 14. Monc'. hilts. Aetna) Dr: , r, .234 per Cent Jitto, ditto 5 per cent. Ain,' t Syndic, 414 p er cent ll3 NA ;7 Ditto, ditto, 3}4 per cen t 7 6 1,4 cent l5O I 5 Comercial Company, 4. per ~,,, m Ditto (18'35 and 1837) 5 per cent. Loan 1837, 5 per cent. ..................... .. Exchange on London, One month l2 124 Toro months ..... • 12 lis Hamburg!), One month 35 81% 'fa-omonths ...... _ ... Dutch Papers,julY lb . AUSTRIAN u JULY 7. 'limper Cants. Metalliques Font per Cents. ............................................... 1i oy4 Thrce r r Cents. ............................................. 71i, " ' lnk ..................... ............... H AMR) RGH BORSEN HALLE, Juts' 12. Bills. Money. Austrian 5 per Cents. .................. ....... 1 Bank shares .................. . ............................. 1650 Angto.llussian .... .................................... 1i 94 09 Russian 5 per Cent , Ist Aeries, C ertificate. 103 112 % Insciiption, lot series . ............... ............ 1;/3 Itu,sian 5 per Cent. Hope and Co., 3d and 4th `cries. Ditto in Certificates New 4 per Cent. (1840)..... .... ....... S 9 lilt Dutch Actual Debt. •44 per Cent. . ........ 51% 5O? Ditto 5 per Cent. Polish Bonds ........................... . . . ....... . New Tickets Angle-Danish Loan, 3 per Cent. Spanish, New 5 per Cents. l S EXCHANGES ON LONDOV. -HAMBURG'', JULY 12-13 7.4, Two months 13 6. PETERSBURG, JULY I.—Three months, 37% pence. STOCKHOLM, JULY 5. Sevcnty-five . days, 114. BIQA, ..TVLY 2..—Three.MOnthS, 3614. THE SALAMANDRINE. How and Parsons, London, 1842. The idea of this poem, if not altogether original, at any rate deserves praise for its elegance and fanciful ness, and the skilful and feeling manner in which it is worked out. Mr. Charles Mackay is the author, and in the " Salamandrine" he has certainly produced his most effective poem. His heroine,' as may be sur mised from the title, is a fire-spirit, whose destiny it is to be cursed with a soul, which, after a succession of ars, perishes together with her body, unless she can find a mortal lover, in whom she can inspire a deep, pure, and lasting attachment. The Salaman drine, after, we may suppose, a long and ineffectual search, is fortunate enough to meet with a " sweet heart," in the person of a chivalrous young knight, Sir Gilbert, who " keeps company" with her for some days in the woods, and pledges vows of undying constancy ; but on quitting her, and her combustible brother, Porphyr, in order to return home for a season, he soon forgets his vows, and makes love to a re markably handsome young gentlewoman, rejoicing in the pastoral appellative of Rosaline, who accepts his -suit, and promises to become Lady Gilbert. On the marriage eve, however, the deserted Amethysta, the Salamandrine, makes her appearance before the nup tial party, and by the force of her spells, compels the recreant knight to follow her, a long and weary way, through woods and across moors, until he finds him self in the presence of her indignant brother, Porphyr,. who curses him with sudden Old age and infirmity, so that none of his friends or relations shall ever be able to recognise him. In this wretched condition Sir Gilbert is ministered to by an old woman whom he en counters in the woods, and to whom he reveals his story, at the same time acknowledging that he was justly served for having made so ungrateful a return for Amethysta's affection, and expressing the deepest remorse for his conduct. Scarcely has he uttered this penitent declaration, than his youth and strength return, and the old woman undergoes a similar startling change, when he instantly recognizes in her his former love, the Salamandrine; and the poem takes leave of them in a state of the most extatic con nubial felicity. Nothing can be more graceful than the manner in which Mr. Mackay has versified this fanciful legend, or more apposite than the imagery with which he has surrounded it. He exhibits the true earnestness and sensibility of the poet, and will find more readers and admirers of his " Salamandrine" than, judging from his modest and somewhat despond ing preface, he seems to calculate on. A GENERAL ARMORY of ENGLAND, SCOT. LA ND, and IRELAND. Churton, London, 1842. This is a very careful, pains-taking compilation, and one of the complQtest of the sort with which we are acquainted. It gives the armorial bearings, &c„ of almost every respectable family in the empire, to gether with a dictionary, minute and copious, of the various • technical terms used in heraldry. The vo lume is prefaced by a brief, ingenious essay on this ancient science, in which the writer justly observes that " Heraldry, cherished since its\ nativity, has flourished in every age, in every country, and under almost every form of government. In England it has been more than fondly fostered; throughout the other countries of Europe, armorial bearings were esteemed as part and parcel of the trappings of nobility ; here, a coat of arms has always been the indispensable appendage of a gentleman, and, be it inherited or ac quired, it is equally an object of pride and display." The work forms a thick volume, imperial octavo, is handsomely got up, and, considering the immense amount of matter it contains, is remarkably cheap, in point of price. WESTMINSTER REVIEW. No. LXXIV. Hooper, London, 1842.. In a controversial disquisition, entitled the " Thirty nine Articles," which heads the present Number, the Reviewer endeavours to revive the discussion respect ing the Oxford Tracts. He writes in a free and liberal spirit of inquiry, but his subject is against him, for it is one that has long since lost all claims to novelty, and it is scarcely possible to revive the interest that once attached to it. The Oxford Trac tarians may be still making proselytes, but the sober, common-sense portion of the community having de clared against them, their sayings and doings have become, comparatively speaking, of little public im portance. The paper,on the " Roman:Empire and its Poets" furnishes the Reviewer with an opportunity of expressing his opinions of the poets who flourished in Rome subsequently to the Augustan age. His in troductory remarks on the want of nationality among the subjects of the Empire, are ingenious, but they are THE WEATHER.—Noon, JULY 18. too strenuously insisted upon, and pushed to too great ROYAL GALLEItY OF SCIENCE, ADELAIDE.-STRE,S% a length. " There was no Roman people," he ob- Thermometer.— 71 ) Highest .72 I L0we5t....... serves, "no public to address. The Empire retained I Barometer 29..81.—Wins N.W. its unity, but it was heterogeneous ; it was the abode of many nations, but no people." This is too broadly put. The remark should have been more qualified. 'f he Romans in the days of the CEesars, were certainly not what they were in the days of the Republic ; still they gloried in the name of citizen ;" it was their prime boast that they formed part and parcel of the i ---if --• great nation; and so long as a spark of this patriotic feeling lingered among them, it could scarcely be said that they were "no people." Alluding inci dentally to Seneca, the Reviewer repudiates the notion that his tragedies are so indifferent as they are generally said to be, but he does not prove his hypothesis, nor indeed can any critic—except for the mere purpose of paradox—deny that they are cold, bombastic, devoid of action and passion, and con stantly running into extravagance. The "Medea" is the best ; but even this is sorry stuff, when compared with the noble drama of Euripides' on the same subject. Speaking of Seneca's (Edipus, the Reviewer says—" We will quote one passage which has always appeared to us conceived in the intense spirit of our old dramatists. It is at the close of the CEdipus, when the unhappy King is left with the corpse of his mother on the ground, and his eyes torn out with his own frantic hands ; after addressing Apollo, and accusing him of his misfortunes, he determines to leave Thebes, the scene of his incest and misery ; he feels his way forward for a pace or two, when he arrests his steps, for fear of stumbling against his mother. Siste, ne in matrem incidas !' This is very grand and pathetic, and• in the highest dramatic spirit." The passage is impressive certainly, and would seem to have suggested a similar one in Galt's clever novel of the " Entail," whore a young boy, on entering church with a relation, suddenly pulls his . companion back, as he is about to tread unconsciously on the stone that covers the ashes of his grandfather, observing, "It's grandpapa ; dinna tramp on him!" Of Persius, the Reviewer says with truth, "his lan guage is obscure and corrupt, and his rythm perfectly ludicrous ; his verses are the gaspings of a premature and asthmatic muse." Persius is indeed the most obscure' in his meaning, and dissonant in his verse, of all the Roman Satirists ; his very Latinity differs from that of every other versifycr, and it. is worth no one's while to undergo the labour consequent, on an attempt to fathom his meaning. " Frederick the Great" is a spirited article, wherein a faithful portrait is draWn of this illustrious soldier, and would-be phi losopher. " Mines and Collieries" discusses a subject in which the public lately have taken the deepest in terest. The Reviewer, of course, adopts the humane —which is also the rational—side of the question, and warmly comftiends Lord Ashley for his generous in terference on behalf of the poor, unbefriended chil dren condemned to wear away their lives as slaves in mines and collieries. Altogether the Number is one of average merit. }DWI WATEIt AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY. _ Morning ll minutes after 101 Evening.... M minutes aner e ft t • , _ NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. (From the Hampshire Telegraph.) PORTSMOUTH, JULY 16.—The Cleopatra, 26, Capta: Wyvill, arrived yesterday from Sheerness, preparator to her proceeding to the East Indies. She will be paid advance of wages on Monday. The Talbot, 26, Captain Sir Thomas Thompson, Bart., sailed on Thursday evening, for South America. The Geyser, steam frigate, Commander Carpenter, sailed on Sunday, for the Mediterranean, with about 10 officers and 100 seamen, to join the squadron on that station. The Satellite, 18, Commander Gambier, went out of harbour cn Tuesday; and the Albatross, 16, Commander Reginald Yorke, on Thursday. The former will proceed in a few days to South America, and the latter to Ber muda, and with the Sydenham's crew, which she takes out, will be paid advance of wages on Monday. The Rhadamanthus, steam transport, arrived yester , - day from Plymouth, and came into harbour. The Tweed, 20, was at Barbadoes, on the 27th May ; the Ringdove, Scylla, and Gleaner (steamer), were at Bermuda, on the 24th June. Sir C. Adam had not then returned from Honduras. Her Majesty's steamer Styx arrived at Fayal on the 28th June. The Goliath, 80, and Virago, a large class steamer, will be launched from the Dockyard at Chatham, on Monday, the 25th instant. The Goliath is to mount sixty-eight 32-pounder long guns, and twelve 6-inch guns. The length of her gun-deck, 190 feet ; her breadth extreme, 56 feet ; and burden, in tons, 2,599. The Virago is to mount two long guns. 84-pounders, and four 32-pounders. Her length on deck is 180 feet ; breadth extreme, 36 feet ; and burden, in tons, 1,060. The ships Owen Glendower and Maidstone, having taken in stock and provisions, left Spithead yesterday for Bengal. The Meteor steamer was commissioned, yesterday, at Woolwich, by Lieut. George Buttler. The Avon steam vessel, at Woolwich, will be ready for sea next week. The Columbia, Licut. Kortwright, is nearly ready, having received the surveying instruments, &c., required for her duties. The Dee and Salamander are nearly manned, and getting forward with their equip ments. A French man-of-war cutter arrived on Monday from Cherbourg, and returned the following day. The ships Lady Raffles and Madagascar, with pro visions, stores, &c., left Spithead yesterday, for the China expedition. The British Queen, Belgian steamer, finding the Southampton water inconveniently shallow, took her passengers in at Spithead, on Sunday evening last, and proceeded to New York. The Malabar, free trader, for Bombay, now at Spit head, will sail on Monday evening. The Childe Harold, for Bombay, is hourly expected at this port to take in passengers and stock. The Quebec, Now York packet, arrived on Sunday last, in 18 days. The Mediator, with a full cargo of passengers and loading, will leave Portsmouth for New York on Wednesday next. In Harbour—St. Vincent, Victory, Excellent, Roya! George, Pique, Echo (steam -tug), Adventure (naval transport), Seaflower and Sylvia cutters. At Spithead—Cleopatra, Satellite, Albatross, Marquis of Hastings (convict ship), and Malabar (East India• man). PLYMOUTH, JULY 14.—The steam transport Rhada manthus, M'Laen, Commander, arrived on Friday from New York ; and the Netley tender, from Liverpool with newly-raised men. A Dutch transport, named the Ma cassar, arrived on Saturday from Antwerp, bound to Singapore. The Actaeon, 26, Captain Robert Russell, arrived on Monday from Portsmouth, and came into har bour to be paid off. The Volcano, steam-vessel„ Licut. Featherstone, also arrived the same day . from Ports mouth, and sailed the next day for Bermuda. The Phi lomel, 10, Commander B. J. Sullivan, dropped dropped into Barnpool, on Tuesday; she will be paid wages in advance, in a day or two, and will proceed shortly to survey the Falkland Islands. In Harbour—Caledonia, San Josef, Actaeon, Con fiance and Rhadamanthus steamers. In Barnpool—Philomel, APPOINTMENTS.—Commander—N. Robilliard to the Seaflower, when re-commissioned. Lieutenants—George Butler, to the Meteor steam vessel ; T. A. Alldride, to the Talbot, vice Harper ; J. A. Dunbar, to the Albatross, vice Heard; G. Lank, to the Isis ; G. C. Fowler, D. H. M‘Neill, J. B. Massie, E. J. Napier, H. C. Toby, Henry . Croft, and A. Hamilton (all additional), to the Queen, in the Mediterranean, Master—A. M. P. Mackey, to command the African, tug steamer. Second Master—Wm. Byford. to the Caledonia, for service in the Sylph tender • D. G. C. Slaughter, to the Rhadamanthus ; G. J. Gibbon, to the Seaflower. Surgeon—J. Lardner, to the Jaseur. Chaplains—ll. B. Illingworth, to the Madagascar ; Rev. J. Connolly, to the William and Mary. Mates—F. Shortt and C. A. Lodder, to the Excellent ; R. M. Sandom, to the Niagara ; A. C. Hobart, to the Excellent. Midshipmen—E. D. D. Aplin, to the St. Vincent ; W. H. Budd, to the Iris ; H. V. A. Powlett, to the Howe ; G. S. Pullen, to the Columbia. Clerks—B. Kellard (in charge), to the Seaflower ; T. A. Telfer, to the Salamander. Volunteer, Ist Class—W. IL Neale, to the Albatross. COAST G UARD.—Removals—Comm ander Jerning ham, from Newcastle to Harwich, vice Commander New ton, to Bridgewater ; Corn. Spettigue, from Tralee to Falmouth, vice Com. John Morgan, resigned ; Mr. W. H. Walters, chief officer, from Dungeness to Sizewell Gap, vice, H. P. Higginson, to Lydd. Appointments— Lieut. V. 11. Jones, in command at Ecclesbourne; Lieut. Jonathan Hatcher, in command at Sltegne.s. NAVAL OFFICERS. TO THE EDITOR OF '/'HE SUN. SIR,—It was with much surprise that I heard Mr. Hume state in the House that a young man can be a post-captain at 26 years of age. Why, Sir, they can be, and are made post-captains at 22 years of age ; which is shameful, for post-captain is an exceedingly high rank. They (the sons of the elite of the aristocracy) are made lieutenants at 19, commanders at 21, and post captains at 22. Now when Sir George Cockburn, Sir Thomas Cochrane, Admiral Dacres, &c., were made captains, the law was that no one should be lieutenant under 20 ; yet, despite of that law, Dacres and Cochrane were made post-captains at 17 years of age, and I be lieve Cockburn was under 20. Dacres's father was Commander-in-Chief at Jamaica, and Cochrane's father Commander •in-Chief at Barbadoes, at the time that each conferred that rank on his son. I hope this will come under the notice of Mr. Hume, that he may take the earliest opportunity in his place in Parliament, of correcting the error into which he has inadvertently fallen.--I am, Sir, your obedient servant, A NAVAL OFFICER.. London, July 16, 1842. ROWING MATCH.—'NEWCASTLE V. LONDON.—This event, which has excited a great deal of interest. came off on Saturday, in favour of the London crew, who won by three or four hundred yards. DEATH OF AIR.. RICHARD POTTER.---ll is with feelings of no ordinary kind that we annoucce the death of Mr. Richard Potter, late M.P. for Wigan, a gentle man who—although from continued (bodily affliction of the severest kind he has been recently lost sight of by the inhabitants of Manchester—will not soon be forgot ten-by those who had to fight the battle of local and ge • neral reform, under the adverse and discouraging cir cumstances which existed twenty or thirty years ago. Mr. Putter, who was in the 65th year of his age, died on Wednesday last at Penzance, where he has been resid ing for some time past. Manchester Guardian. ticront . ')2Vitio - it SUN OFFICE Three o'Clarh• The Ultra-Tory Journals have at leit, made the start,- ling discovery that Sir R. PEEL and his colleagee, whom they mistook for Conservatives, are in reality' " Whigs and something more." They, poor credulals gulls ! fancied that Sir R. PEEL, Sir J. GRAHAM, and Sir E. KNATCIIBULL in the House of Commons, nna Lords LYNDHURST, WHARNCLIFFE, and RIPON in the House of Lords, were opposed to Lord 11Inr.not 0 : 5 Administration on principle ; whereas they now fola out that it was his Lordship's place and patronage ttidt the sly dogs wanted !!They resisted this frightful eb-n" vietion its long as they could. They found varies. flimsy excuses for the new Tariff ; they made wry: ,loie6. at the new Corn-Law Bill, but the cajoleries 'ot the Vice-President of the Board of Trade succeeded 3.114 11 ; vailing upon them to fling the Jonah of the GAIL'. tempest, the Duke of BUCKINGAAM, overboard t wilfully stopped their ears to the prophetic AviikillTt - , .of that Cassandra, of Toryism, Sir linsin/ ,when at last comes the grant for Irish Education , -0,3 : pelling Ministers to display their true colours, and IV' every Cabinet banner is inscribed the emblems of Whig' Radicalism ! The Times, the Post, the Herald, oath!: Standard may well look astounded and sturefied. i!eZ is the list of the majority for the grant, and side by 6 t e ' with the O'CONNELLS, the O'CoNNsoas, the Musr° ls ' and the Howmtos, we find the KIiATCHBULLS, the IA; mgrs, the FARNHAMS, the BRADSHAW, the B.ATEO*-e the PLPMPTRES, the SANDONS, the LOWTHEBSt GrOULBURNS, and the STANLEYS. Mr. WARD diV ~ .ke House merely to discover if there 'VIZ% a single 1 -c(),,r/ in Parliament honest enough to redeem the pledges ein by him against this grant, and the result lva. the ealeL tic monosyllable following the " noes " in the Vote; proceedings of the House of Commons—" Kols - E." was not even a COLQUHOUN to raise his YeeldelPpei against what so many saints denounced as if for " mutilating the word of GOD." Even the PO % Solicitor-General for Ireland, Mr. Sergeant .1.4.0•f0 did not vote against the grant. This learned tutdr; gentleman, it is rumoured, had just conscience enotA tt spoil a Judge,—a rumour which appears to afford gi l l pleasure to his Roman Catholic fellow-countryme n ' Yes, we must allow that, however much the meOld of Sir ROBERT PEEL'S Government have fallen short what the real wants of the country demanded , he 11 : certainly pitched the old ultra-Tory party'to the a l o r That party and their organs have abundant excuses the Jeremiads in which they now indulge, when' treal of the recent conduct of the Tories. Nor haVe they hll the worst.• We can tell them on the best autlforitPtlot Sir ROBERT PEEL has communicated to the heads , c h Roman Catholic Church in Ireland the deep regrei' vill te he feels that the famine which prevails througho t e land, will not allow him this year to propose an incl'.l4. upon the grant for the Royal Cullege of Maynootb,.'rx the - education of the Irish priesthood ! Here is a cr i v for the Tories to pluck. Sir ROBERT Past's . Go" lid ment manifests a regard for the Roman CA% religion in Ireland, greater than was ever 5 11° ;• by the Whig Ministry. In fact, he has entirelY stroyed and broken up the Tory party. He has dr 4g i f e all its leading ornaments and oracles through th e 19 0 .1- with him, and so begrimed them with the dirt of des , "o e ing their old principles, that they never can ro them without infamy. • ..05 In animadverting front time to time on the view - t, pursued by the dominant portion of the Scotch Ch ll pf we have repeatedly reminded our northern bre three the yoke which was preparing for them, but at the 5/7„:1(1, time confidently anticipated that their good s enseg above all, their hatred of tyranny in any shap e ' _ ... % 17 0 03 save them from a system of despotism never atten,„ till now, since the worst period of the dark ages. , t o have not been disappointed. Every day brings ,f171,0t, some new act of tyranny, and some new proof a 15° ....A i1' the people are prepared to resist it. It will be 1 7 10 lected that some months ago a respectable member buried 11-43 Kirk was refused Church privileges, because be hurA e ; child on Sunday, and that in conse.quence of th e PreOfi"ereJ of Arbroath refusing to hear his case, except with c o . , doors, an appeal was made to the Synod. Th A t • enjoined the Presbytery to hear the petition in po n e and and we rejoice at the result, for it has laid open to of oppression, hypocrisy, and cruelty, that cannot 1011` open the eyes of all those who put faith in these inquisitors. The investigation continued fo r two (1"i!of and at the conclusion the Presbytery, by a inaP rit ',tea 14 to 4, decided that the " Kirk Session ha ve net titber wrongfully in the circumstances of the case"- -- i n I:l t ed words, that the petitioner was justly excomrattn,iloo for burying his child on a Sunday. The 'clee'so; unjust as it is, however, amounts to nothing c-04 pared to the unfeeling conduct and the iti3l/00 assumption of divine power by men who P. to be the followers of our merciful and forP :io SAVIOUR. The parish clergyman, who had refus e " bd parents' tokens for admission to the Communiou, ed been blamed for "his harshness towards the distre': li. mother, and for not praying with her in her aft liC t t,7 . 9 , Here is the manner.in which he justified his c ondue.o, " - Mr. LUMSDEN (the clergyman), in alluding to hi P: 4 4 duct to Mrs. KEY, on the occasion of that visit, (111.1,e0 which, he said, he had been represented as having 13 3 0+ a sort of savage delight in ruthlessly harrowing 1111 KEN's feelings, and those of her daughter, a ehiltiff the years of age, strongly contended that the duty - lfer clergyman was, under such circumstances, not to 00 1 consolation, but to point out their sins, wh iel „ l a tt brought down upon them the judgment of GOP' admonish the guilty on the heinous nature of the of tt. iiis Consolation was merely accessory. He said, th' t ta primary object was not to administer comfort , but "r'st;fl a fellow-worker with GOD, in availing himself of alder the infliction may have inspired. Thus m inisters , o l such circumstances, had no right to encourage 'IL ! feelings in such cases as those with which he had t°• 11 )0' —(Loud hisses followed this declaration.) 14° :P 1 ' der that hisses followed such an unfeeling st3t,-ie, :or since the worst days of the Spanish Inq such a dangerous doctrine has probably never heei ? vanced ; and it is not uncharitable, therefore , to '11174;0 that want of power only saved this victim of oPP7 ifi frf" from some more condign punishment. "We oit',,;ter said the same Reverend speaker, "to a(l°ll,;.cir the law of God, not the law of the land, and in '1 0 ' jli4 eumstance should they forget that an .obedienc e law was to be the first consideration." The Jelvi' ll jt t giver issued a command by which all persons oh ° 'fled a fire on the Sabbath should be put to death' it , is not the law of the land, butaccording to thi s ell3reli° clergyman it must still be the law of Gov, f°ll4rOced ao other authority to punish a man fur the perP:e of a sacred and necessary duty. Some oth er 07 4 190 followed in the same strain, exciting the most disapprobation of the hearers. The speech of rib e c4 - ,TOHN Muss formed a noble exception. He ( h, e ,, c lte; the proceedings of these persecutors as the " 1 :00 5 " and most tyrannical," and concluded, amidst I.ll b - yterf il tumultuous applause, in these words, "If the refuse to grant the petitioner redress, their con";en'itt" he stigmatised throughout the length and breadt.":" th e land, and descend to after ages by the rutu le h od' Barry Brutality. ' " Out of evil, however, reeietretite and we are much mistaken if this scene do nc )t n 'a reaction, honourable to the people of Scotland It.- ductive of the best results to true religion. the -ow esti . 0 . On the 10th instant her Most Faithful 3• 6 • 1 ,•4sit' - iv ,-- • Queen of PORTUGAL opened in person the ne , 1 Glif , t' , )f the Cortes ()flier kingdom, convoked u nder t` ° and 1/ ter. The Peers were dressed in ermine Nb cs '- ,4 0 - ~, „nt- , h deputation of twelve Peers and as many' -t'''. l- whi e sisted in conducting her MAJESTY to the the' ter: ilit; was placed in the Hall of the Deputies, , v 1 eoc li, e Peers were summoned to hear the linyill P which the following is a copy : l'''' ° ; f tbl t e ,.. s ' tca .. Worthy Peers of the Kingdom and DePu l '1 e m aiti ,- , 0 - tuguese Nation,—The national will, s pontaneeul to o9 9 ; t he in these kingdoms, de!ermines me, in fulfilment c` ilist ho , cred duty, to declare in vigour, as the fundameelachie a . et ti i s kingdom, the constitutional Charter of the mo v ne o r ur 0 14 9 rived by my august father of happy memory. -!' - e-tis to consolidate it, and I trust that you will fulfil it. ailigr,,c, “ I continue to receive from the Sovereigns, my an d ill " co l factory demonstrations of friendship and harmony; ...00.!er ve rnment does not cease to extend ou r political on c • , cuo r relations. this • lus •• It was with great satisfaction I saw a rrive. R e t , r a n d liF. t the Internuncio of his Holiness. The many virtu , :3 n d th ro ' , of the High Pontiff are a secure pledge of e onco; .he 're .n, the Lusitanian Church (without any infraction ..r'eoesf,, gatives of the Crown, which my, Governrnent e v: l l l r v es, f o r n t c P e. Cain) will enjoy the peace which it so m ucl i i u of co nsele the prerervation of public order, and the tranqui 7 0 ___... - th e e 0, It is also w,th great pleasure that I announicr,targa bor representatives of the Kings of Prussia an t;als. , th e rived at this Court, and presen ted their credz% • herg'3": l e nted Queen e T n w o o f treaties,Grea Great Britain, which have lahave sign (l d r_ e ct d ;) a `_ n ! , ,. t r h i gill be l'r.;, t he i l i .,iutuz l to you immediately after ratification• to t 13e ..: ,.. repression of the slave trade, the other 0 , 7"la _,. ortert relations of commerce and navigarion• r for i he r . " The budget of receipts and expenditu p 1 in th e " I hope, from the patriotism of the economical year will be presented to y"Cortes, all zee. '4l tts, ,h ~~ <<~ ~ri aim n.O