The Sun. — London, England, 1856-08-21 00:00:00

.111 111Lir i R. ALBERT SMIT'Et'S MONT BLANC, IV E HOLLAND, UP the RHIN E, and PARIS, is NOW OPEN EVERY EVENING (except Saturd sy), at 8 o'clock. Stalls (which can be taken from a plan at the box office, every day between eleven and four, without any extra :barge), 's. ; area, 2a. ; gallery, Is. The Morning Representations tr.ke place every Tuesday, Thurs day, and Saturday, at Three o'clooit.—Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly. MONT BLANC will Close for the season on Saturday evening, Aug. 30th. DR. KAHN'S ANATOMICAL MUSEUM, 4, Coventry-street, Leicester-svluare.—Open (for Gentlemen only) from 10 till 10, containing upwards of one thousand models and preparations, illustrating every part of the human frame in health and disease, the race of men, Br.c. Lectures delivered at 12, 2, and half-past 7, by Dr. G. SEXTON, F.R.G.S. ; and a new and highly-inter - sting series of Lectures is now in course of delivery by Dr. KAHN, at 4 p.m. precisely. Admission, One Shilling. LAST WEEK IN LONDON. MR. W. S. WOODIN'S OLIO of ODDITIES. TO-NIGHT and every evening, at B.—The above entertain ment has received novel additions, Vocal and Visual, neltui ine a INe w Loco-Joko-Motive Lyric, entitled OFF BY THE TR ATN, ilin , 7ated by numerous changes, facial, lingual, arid corporeal. Mr. W. S. i oodin as Mrs. Florence, in the " Yankee Girl," with the songs of " 'lobbing around," and " Polly, won't you try me, oh !"—Polygrat.hie.hall, King William-street, Charing-cross. ROYAL SURREY GARDENS. —ln conse quence of the necessary prftparations for the Grand Dinner to the Guards on 'Monday, August 25, there will be NO PERFORM ANCE on SATURDAY next. The Morning Concert will commence on Saturday, at 2 o'clock. Admission Is. as usual. ROYAL SURREY GARDENS.-J ULLIEN'S CONYERTS TB IS EVENING (Thursday).—lmmense suc cess of the Zouave Quadrille, in which are intro(' used the Zouave Clarions of the let and 2d Regiment of the Imperial Guard, whose Peradssiori from the French authorities positively expires on Sept. 5. Madame Rudarsdorff every evening, vocal and instrumental soloist— Colossal, Pictures of Constantinople and the Alps--Turkish Kiosk and Illurn'.nated Terrace—Enormous Glacier and Fairy Caverns—F,ri:- liant Pyrotechnic Display and Emblematical Tableau. Admission is. On SATURDAY, August 23, a GRAND MORNING CONCERT, commencing at 2 o'clock. Admission le. Beats in the Music 801 l and Firework Balcony (including admission to gardens), 2s. Gd., may' be secured at the Gardens, and at Jullien and Co.'s, 214, Resent-1 str eet. ROYAL SURREY GARDEN S.-JULLIEN'S CONCERTS EVERY EVENIN/4.—GRAND MORNING CONCERT on SATURDAY, Angust 23. It having been represented to the Directors that a large number of influential families resident within railway distance are unable to avail themselves bf the attrac tionslk of the Gardens, on account of the early cieri are of the train:, it is respectfully announced that a GRAND ilia NG CONCERT will - take place on SATURDAY, August 23, i n w 'cheat the most successful pieces performed since the commencemeneorisJullien's ce Conrts will be introduced. Concert at 2 o'clock. Adm sion, Is. Private 'loxes; to admit six persons. 11. Is., to be had at the Gardena, and at Jullien and Co. i. 214, leggent.s-treet. CANTERBITRY HALL, Westminster-road. —OPEN I. VERY EV nTING.—The celebrated HIINGA nrAx BAND, under the direction of Herr Ker..ozpr, will perform every Evening at and I I o'clock, in addition to the usual Vocal Entertainment 'Tke following company of talented Vocalists are permanently engated far the performance of Selections from all thl Popular Operas, Madrigals, Choruses, Duets, &c., riz. :—Mrs. J. Caulfield, Miss trunel, Miss Sommers, and Miss Pearse ; Sam Cowell, Mr. J. Caulfield, Herr F. Jonghmans. S. Jones, T. Tarrant, IV. Melling, Barter, Russell Grover. and P. Corrie ; Masters E. Con nell, Austin and Bennett , and Mr. T. Mackney. Pianoforte, Mr. J. Harrovay, -R.A. , harmonium, J. Caulfield, jun. ; director, Mr. ca u med. Cbminence at seven o'clock precisely. Suppers, &c., until tw•lve o'clock. METR OP OLITAN COUNTIES an d GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 27, Regent eet, Waterloo-place, London. Ca 100,0001. TRUSTEES. Rt. Hn. Spencer H. Walpole,M.P. Richard Spooner, Esq., MP. I Henry Peter Fuller, Esq. E. Vansittart Neale, Esq. Life Assurance business transacted in all its branches. N.B. The bonus declared at the last division of profits averaged 33 per cent. on all the premiums paid. F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Manager. NOTICE to CREDITORS.—Court of Chancery, in Ireland.—ln the matter of ANNE TOTTENHAM, a Lunatic, and of the llth George IV., and Ist William IV., chapter 55 and section 33.—Pursuant to the order of the Lord Chancellor of Ireland made in this matter oa the 28th day of June, 1856. I hereby - require all persons claiming to be Creditors of Miss Anne Tottenham, residing at 25, Thurloe-square, Brampton, in the county of Sfiddlesex, England, to furnish the particulars of their demand, verified by affi davit, to Mr. R. I. Butt, of No. 97, Great Russell-street, Blooms bury, in the county of Middlesex, the solicitor of Mrs. Dorothea Tot tenham, the committee of the fortune of the Lunatic in this matter, en or before the Ist day of October next, in order that the amount of their debts may be reported by me and atterwards paid out of the Itinds of the said Lunatic, now in the Bank of Ireland to the credit of this matter. Dated this 9th day of Angust, 1456. WILLIAM HE NN. CH WEP P'S MALVERN SELTZER WATER.—Having leased the Holy Well Spring at Malver.l, renowned for its purity, J. S. and Co. can now produce a SELTZER WATER with all the Chemical and Medicinal Properties which have rendered the Nassau Spring so celebrated. They continue manufac ►`urlug SODA, MAGNESIA, and POTASS WATERS and LEMON ADE, at London, Liverpool, Bristol, and Derby. Every Bottle is protected by a Red Label bearing their signatures. APPETITE AND DIGESTION IMPROVED. LEA and PERRINS' WORCESTERSHIRE -ILA SAUCE imparts the most exquisite relish to Steaks, Chops, and an Boast Meat Gravies, Fish, Game, Soup. Curries, and Salad, and by ils tonic and invigorating properties enables the stomach to perfectly digest the food. The daily useof this aromatic and delicious Sauce is the best safe guard to health. Sold by the proprietors, Lea and Perrins, 19, Fenchurch-street, London, and 68, Broad-street, Worcester; also by Messrs. Barclay and Sons, Messrs, Crosse and Blackwell, and other oilmen and mer chants, London ; and generally by the principal dealers in sauce. N.R.—To guard against imitatioxs, see that the names of "LEA and PERRINS" are upon the label and patent cap of the bottle. GREY HAIR RESTORED to its ORIGINAL 0 A I N. COLOUR with ease, safety. an d cer t a i n t y, b y the PATENT• remedyBRUSHE., for nervous headache and all neur a l g i c a ff ec ti ons. Illus. pamphlets." Why Hair become a Grey, and its Remedy," gratis, or by post for four stamps. Neuralgia, and alt Rheumatic affections are perfectly eradicated by the Patent Galvanic Flesh Brushes, the Most safe, -hinge. and 'efficient galvanic Instruments extant : patro nised by the faculty. Offices :—F. M. HERRING, 32, Basinghall street. Agents :—Child, South Gallery, Crystal Palace ; Savory and Moore ; Atkinson, 24, Old Bond-street ; Godfrey and Cooke, Conduit street ; Hendrie, 12, Tickborne-street ; Twinberrow, 2, Edwards street, Portman-square ; Saunders, 315 a, Winter, 205. and Kennedy, 166, Oxford-street; Ross, 119, Bishopsgate-street ; Himmel!, Ger rard-street, Soho; Worn. 17, Dawson-street, and Birch, I, Moles- Worth-street, Dublin. Sold by all chern•sts and perfumers or repute. TEE NATIONAL SAVINGS-BANK ASSO CI kTION (Limited). 50, King William-street, City, Lon • don. Incorporated, pursuant to s" The Joint-Stock Companies Act, 1856." Present Capital £10,003, in 1 0,000 paid-up Shares of £1 each; to be increased to £lOO,OOO. PATRONS AND nONORARY P.EPEREES. Thirty Gentlemen of the highest monetary and social status con nected with the City of London. TRUSTEES. Ilenry Hall Dare, Esq., 90, Ebury-street Frederic Doulton, Esq , Lambeth, and 3lanor-house, Dulwich-com mon. John Willam Williamson, Esq., 5, Serle-street, Lincoln's-inn-fields. DIRECTORS. W. Williamson, Esq., 8, Serle-street, Lincoln's-ina-fields, Chair man. 4 . Bennett, Esq., 180, High-street, Boro', and Creswell-park, Black _ heath. batnuel S. Benson, Esq., F.S.A., 47, Cornhill, and Priory-lodge, Lee, Blackheath. Josiah Brown, Esq., 34, Gracechnrch-street, and Lower Edmonton. henry Hall Dare, Esq., 90, Ebury-street. F tederic Doulton, Esq., Lambeth, and Manor-house, Dalssich-com mon. Bev. J. B. Hawkins, 8.A., 50, King William-street, City (Resident). Fd ward James Oliver, Esq., Newington-causeway. Thomas Riddell, Esq.. 40, Gibson-square, Islington. katthew F. Wagstafte, Esq., 10, Walcot-place West, Kennington road. Marie A. Watts, Esq., 12, Bridge-road, St. John's.w od. F rederick John Wilson, Esq., 32, Cadogan-place. Aumons. C. L. Lawson, Esq.. F.1.A., 14, Waterloo-place, Pall Mall. 'William F. Pater, Esq., Mould-pleasant, Barnsbury. PinrsICIAN.-11. G. Noses, Esq., M.D., 34, Finsbury-circus. StraGEON.—Bust n Shiinto°, Esq , 34, Finsbury-circus. SuRVEroaS. Messrs. Heslam and Buckland, 89, Cannon-street West. William , Xogers, Esq., 13a, Cannen-row, Westminst• r. Soucisoas —Messrs. Brady and Son, 1, Staple-Inn. B ANSERS.—The London Joint-Stock Bank This AsSo , fation has been formed to consolidate and improve the Savings-13:,nk system ; to offer better interest than has hitherto been allo - xed 4 facilities for unlimited deposit; mans of convenient Vrithdrrayal, and perfect security to the Depositor. T h', unpopularity of the present system, its acknowledged less .'uri.cy to Depo-itors, expense of managenient, and low rate of in are uliversally acknowledged: while in strong contrast are tresented the advantages of the new system of the National Savings- Association. The proof of the necessity which exists for this Association wil be found in the fact that there are no less than 483 places, with More than 3,000 inhabitants each, that have not a Savings-Bank ; $0 Partial in operation is the present system. The Directors propose to supply this deficiency by the gradual e stab•ishnsent of branches ; also to keep at the Head Otlice a lupli eats of every account In the country ; to strike the balance at the Read Office every June and December, from the weekly returns of the branches of the Association ; and to exhibit the numbers of each Pass-book, with the balance due, as ascertained by such return., every June and December in each Branch Bank. After July, 1867, they will cause returns of the Association, duly certified by the Audi tors, to be made in January and July, and a copy to be sent to every Shareholder. The Directors expect that the National Savings-Bank Associa tion will be able to pay its shareholders a large dividend on all cash paid up on shares. Application for Shares may now be ad4resssed to the Directors of the National Savings-Bank Association (limited), 50, King William- Street, City, London. Gentlemen,—l request you will allot to me Shares in the above undertakin—which, or any less number you may allot to me, I will accept. Herewith I forward ss. per share, and agree to Pay 15s. per share within one month after allotment. I am, Gentlemen, your obedient Servant, Name in fall Address in full Pasiness or Profession Date of Application.— ..•- •• • • ..day of ...... ......185 . orry OF LONDON SAYINGS-BANK, ‘...) Branch No. 1 of the National Savings-Bank Association (Li mited). Incorporated. 50, King William-street, City, London. On AND AFTER TUE IST SEPTEMBER, 1856, the City of London Savings;Bank will be open Daily from 10 to 4 o'clock ; a!so ou Tues days and Saturdays from 6 to 8 o'clock in the Evening. A NEW AND IMPORTANT DISCOVERY IN THE SCIENCE OF MEDICINE. Patent Office Seal of great Britain. Diplome d'Ecole de Pharmacie Pharmacien de Paris. Imperial College of Medicine, Vienna. TRIESEMAR No. 1,2, and 3, Prepared in the form of a lozenge devoid of taste or smell, and can be carried in the waistcoat pocket Fold in tin cases, divided into separ.ite doses, as administered by Valpeau, Lallemand, Roux, Rieord, & c ., & c. TRIESEMAR No. 1 is a Remedy for RE LAXATION, SPER3IATORRIBEA, and all the distrcssin consequences arisin; from early abuse, indiscriminate excesses, or too long residence In hot climates. It has restored b o dil y and sexu 1 strength and vigour to thousands of Its individuals who ar 0 , now in the enjoyment of health and the Function s o f Manhood; an ' ' whatever may be the cause for DISQUALIFICATION'S for MAR, - ItIAGE, they are effectually subdued by this Wonderful Discovery TRIE:SEMAII No. 11., effectually, in the short space of three days, completely and entirely eradicates all traces of Gonorrhoea, both in its mild and aggra va t ed forms. Gleets, Strtctsres, Irritation of the Bladder, Non-retention of Urine, Pains of the Loins and Kidneys. and those disorders which Copalvi and Cubelis have so long been I boug,ht an antidote for, to the ruin of the health ,}f a vast portion of the 'population. TIIIE-EMAR _No. is the great Continental Lem, dy for Syphilis and Secondary Symp toms, It also constitutes a certain cure for Scurry, Scrofula, and all Cutaneous Eruptions, removing and expelling in its course all corrup tioneand impurities from the lital stream, as altogether to eradicate the virus of disease, and expell it with the insensible perspiration through the mec , jorn of the pores of the skin and mine, and is a never-fr , ling remedy for that class of disorders which unfortunately the English Physician treats with Mercury, to the inevitable clGstrue tion of the patient's constitution, and which all the sarsaparilla in the world cannot restore. Price lls., or four cases in one for 335,. which Eaves lls., and in M. cases, whereby there is a saving of 11. 12s. To be had wholesale and retail in London, of Johnson, 68, Cornhill ; Hannay and Co., 63, Ox ford-street ; Sanger, 150, Oxford-street ; R. H. Ingham, druggist, 46, Market-street, Manchester; H. Bradbury, bookseller, Dcansgate, Bolton ; J. Priestly, chemist, 51, Lord.strect, Liverpool ; Powell, bookseller, 15, Westmoreland-street, Dublin ; Winnall, bookseller, 11111470treet,Vraiingbam. (No. 20,022.) PUBLICATIONS. MRS. TROLLOPE'S NEW NOVEL Now_ready at all the libraries, in 3 vols., FASHIONABLE LIFE; or, Palle and London. By Mrs. TEOLLOPE. Hurst and Blackett, Publ'shers, successors to neury Colburn, 13 Great Marlborough-street. ASTROLOGY. —The Principles of this ancient and interesting branch of Natural Philosophy are explained, with 2110 lern Illustrations, in a PLEA FOR URANIA, being a Popular Sketch of the different branches of Celestial Philosophy, pub lished by Paper and Co , 23, Paternoster-row, Loudon, price 5s , cloth. " An erudite treatise."— The Sun. " We strongly recommend IL"— Zadkiel. THE CURRENCY' QUESTION. Just published, Bvo., pp. 383, price is. 6d. In cloth, URRENCY, SELF-REGULATING and N..-) ELASTIC ; Explained in a Letter to the Duke of Argyle ; with Introductory Chapters on the Nature of Capital and of Money, and a Historical Sketch of British Currency Systems. By A BRITISH MERCHANT. London : Longman, Brown, Green, ant Longmans - - - - The object of this work is to describe a plan for the regulation of r the Currency, by which an exact conformity would be attained be tween the amount of the Currency and the amount of the Circu.a tioa, the practical results of which conformity would be-1. That the existence of monetary convulsion would be impossible ; 2. That the masses of unemployed deposits now lying in the Bank of Eng land and elsewhere, utterly unm'oductive to their owners, wooli exist no longer ; 3. That interest, even on m ney deposit, din banks, would never sink, except a mere shade, below the r.turn yielded by capital invested in the national funds; and 4. That interest would never rise above that rate, except to such extent as mizlit be re quired to compensate the lender for risk and trouble. OPINIONS OF TUE PRESS. Mortfirma HERALD.—" It proceeds from the pen of a merchant and we must say that we have never read any work which more clearly and ably sets forth the mercantile bearings of the question." BANKER'S CIRCULAR.—(First Notice.)—Though the author has not 01,-en hie name to the rubJi , In 'h * , tlo-page, it is .or to discover that le proceeds tram the pen of one eno has pondered well over a question that is second to none in its importance to the British nation. The perusal of this work has given us much plea sure ; and, whoever the author may be, we give him a hearty wel come as a worthy champion." BANKER'S CIRCULAR.—(Second Notice.)—" In the introductory chapters the author explains the nature of capital; the difference between propertied capital and monied capital ; the nature of money properly so called, as it, existed among the more refined nations of antiquity, who seem to have regarded it not as capital, but merely as the instrument of exchange; and the nature of that barter sys tem, now universally prevailing, in which the name and functions •f money are a:.signed to some commodity, such as gc4l, and in which it is regarded not merely as the instrument of exchange but also as capital, the prices of all other commodities being made to rise or fall as the commodity so fixed upon may happen to be abundant or scarce. " He next goes on to exhibit the injurious consequences which re suit from fluctuations in the supply of the article so fixed upon ; Arst showing the different effects which, under different social arrange ments, might be expected to flow therefrom ; end, second, by a sketch of British commercial history, showing what effects have fol lowed in practice. Be holds that to that cause chiefly a-e to be as cribed the speculation and panic which follow each other ix unceas ing round ; that, while the circulation is not in-reared thereby. an increase in tbe supply of gold is this country leads to the ()motion of a redundant currency (as indicated by the mamas of unemployed money in the Bank of England) which rarely fails to bring about that reduction in rate of interest, and that competition among holders of money to find employment for it, which are the sure precursors of speculation. He points out what he considers a fallacy in the argument by which Hume and his followers have sought to prove that increase of money has no effect on rate of interest; arid be holds that all depression of interest in this country, below that yielded by capital invested in the national funds, is the consequem e of over sup ply of money, and that the proper way to prevent that, is to adjust the supply of money in exact accordance with the extent of duties to be discharged by it as the instrument of exchange. "For the attainment of this end he proposes that a national bank should be established, to be placed under the immediate control of a committee of Parliament, itt functions to be purely mechanical, and to consist in the issue of notes of 11., 101., 1001., 10001., to all parties holding a certain amount of Government stock, and comply ing with certain regulations, interest being charged on the notes so issued at a rate corresponding with that yield e d b y t h e said stock ; and interest at ?he same rate being allowed on all notes deposited in the bank, so that at no time would the amount of notes out of the bank exceed the exact amount required for conducting the trade of the country. " He considers that, with a currency so arranged, redundancy and depreciation would be alike impossible, and that, accordingly, the cheek of convertibility would be unnecessary ; but, with the view of conciliating the bullionists, he suggests arrangements by which the notes might be made payable in gold, not, however, at a fixed price, but at a price varying according to the stock held in the bank's vaults. " Conceiving that the gain from the creation of money should be long to the nation at large, he recommends a single bank of issue the principle he advocates being. however, equally consistent with the continuance of the present system of competing Issues, the check on which would then consist, nog in an obligation to pay in gold, but in an obligation to pay in the interest yielding notes of the National Bank. " He then goes on to explain that none of the objections that have been made to Government banks would at all apply to one such as he recommends; and concludes by showing that the adoption of his system, even though the privilege of issuing were to be with draWn from them, would only very slightly diminish the gains of the Bank of England, while it would increase those of the private and jo'nf stock banks, and be of immense advantage to the nation at large. "The work before us contains a good deal that is new, and de serving of the serious consideration of all who take an Interest in the vitally important subject of the currency." MAGAZINE.—"A very sensible, though an extremely long letter. . . . It is full of good facts and good reasons, although the author takes only the signature of A British Merchant.' " WESTMINSTER REVIEW.—" A comprehensive work." CALEDONIAN MERCURY. —" Whilst, therefore, we dissent in several particulars from the views expressed by a ltriVsli Merchant' in the work before us, we cannot but thank him for the light which the perusal of his letter, and its rela.ive introductory chapters, Is calcu lated to throw upon the subject, ant to compliment him upon the originality and ingenuity which characterise the scheme he proposes for the self regulation of the currency." DAILY BOLLETIN (Glasgow )—" We never perused or studied any treatise on the subject with more perfect satisfaction. The method of the author is exceedingly clear. He proceeds gradually, leaves no point untouched, forgets nothing, but teaches much, and illustrates his views with such judicious care as to leave no mistake about his meaning. Every page of the book is a page of ins ruction. We only regret that all who write on the Currency are not possessed of minds so lucid, or, boasting of the possess'on, that they fall to turn their qu difications to so good account. Many are prevented from stu lying the Currency question because of the misty and impractic able fashion in which it has been the habit to place it before them. Let them read this book, with ordinary attention, and they will feel surprised that what they learn from it was unknown to them before. Much of its value lies in the author's perspicuity. We do not know that we could say more in favour of a treatise on the Currency." The Third Edition. Just Published, price 55., by post, free, ss. 6d., ON TRUE & FALSE SPERMATORRWEA, with the View of distinguishing the Imaginary from the Real Sufferers under this disease, and Correcting of wide-spread Errors in relation to their Treatment and Cure. Translated from the German of Dr. PICKFORD. " Dr. Pickford is known to English readers by his frequent practi cal contributions to German medical literature. This is the first time, he informs es, that ho has addressed himself to the nos-medi cal reader. We trust this may not be the last, if be shall ietect any other equally flagrant evil whi c h it may b e i n his power to cor rect."—LondOn Medical Gazette. " The tribe of Quiet Sympathisers, and 'Medical Friends, are mercilessly exposed; and. if this book could find its way into the hands of those who stiffer from the com plaint of which it treats, we are satisfied that many hundreds would is saved much needless suffering of body and mind, and what is of volume is well qualified to put an end to the lcss importance, though it is that . which the quacks most priz3— ......This Circular. e y y stcm of treating Spernastorrhcea, and to place the treat mentmuc empiricalh ikeiy ; o roo d n o a m m uc o h rer o a o ti d 7 — a l 3, a r n ed d i p ea h l y , iological basis. It is, therefore, Cordon: 11. iial:tare, 219, Regent-street. LONDON and . NORT H - WESTERN and MIDLAND RAILWAYs.—A CHEAP EXCURSION - 'RAIN will leave the Euston Station, London, on SATURDAY, 23d August, 1: , 55, at 7 a.m., to Lou ester, Nottingham, Derby, Sheffield, Leeds, Brad!ord, York, and other Stations, at the following Fares:— RCUeYr.ed Carriages. 'FARES FOR THE DO F IU s L t E cIa J s O s U . s. d. s. d. Leicester 1 14 0 ..... ... 7 0 Loughbor o' Nottingham Newark*.............. • • I Lincoln* Derby .. Chesterfield ...... .•• Masborough Sheffield ...... • • ...• •• • • • • J 15 0 Oaken haw, for Wakefield Normanton ........ Leeds ............ ........ Bradford ..... ........... • York ...... • ... ....... 20 0 • Passengers for Newark and Lir.coln will be conreyed to these places by First Ordinary Train, after the arrival of the Special Train at Nottingham. Returning MONDAY, 25th August, as under: — Leave Y0rk...... • • . , 11.45 a.m. Leave Chesterfieli•• • • 2.50 Vradford .... —11.40 „ „ Derby „ Leeds ........12 55 noon „ Lincoln.. ... 10.10 a.m. „ Forman ton .... 1.15 p.m „ Newark • • —10,40 „ Oakenshaw .... 1.25 „• „ Sheffield ...• .. 1.45 „ Masborough ... 2.10 , LeicesterLN:utgtilnibg°llra°.rau. !"4 : .1 : ) 1 29 5 n Arriving in London about 10.15 p.m. Tickets not transferable, and available only to return by this Train. Passengers will only be allowed to take their personal luggage by these Trains, under their own charge, and that not exceeding Nibs 1 , 1 weight. Children under 12 years of age, half fares. By order. Euston Station, August, 1856. Nip. HOWARD, Surgeon-Dentist, 52, Fleet street. has introduced an entirely new description of ARTI FICIAL TEETH Axed without springs, wires, or ligatures. They so perfectly resemble the natural teeth as not to be distinguished from the original by the closest observer; they will never change colour or decay, and will be found very superior to any teeth ever before used. This method does not require the extraction of roots, or any painful operation, and will support and preserve teeth that are loose, and is guaranteed to restore articulation and mastication. D eca y e d teeth rendered sound and useful in mastication.-52, Fleet-street. At home from ten till five. A RE YOU GOING TO THE HIGHLANDS, unrivalled for scenery, famous in story and song, to visit the land of Sir Colin Campbell and the Highland Brigade ? If s make a note to call at (when in the Capital of the beautiful North) MACDOUGALL'S WAREHOUSE. High-street, Inverness. There only can the varied products of the Highlands, natural and industrial, be seen. In his extensive rooms MACDOUGALL has gathered together all the best productions of the Highland looms, in TWEEDS, TAR TANS, LINSEYS, PLAIDS, SHAWLS, DRESSES, the favourite HIGHLAND CLOAK, FLORA MACDONALD ditto, &c., &c., with the best Native JE WELLERY, CAIRNGORMS, PEARLS, &c.; the pretty products of the Skye, Lewes, and Gairloch Looms and Knitting Needles ; the Ilome-made, Undyed PLAIDS of Ord, Suther land, and Aroch ; the SNUFF-BOXES, COUPS, BICKERS of the Culloden Carvers, &c. Side by side with all this he hag placed all the necessary clothing of every description for Deer Stalking, Grouse Shooting, and for Tourists, &c, Visitors to his rooms can at once compare the varied products of the Three Kingdoms. D. MACDOUGALL, Inverness. /TOURISTS and TRAVELLERS exposed to the scorching rays of the sun, and heated particles of dust w:11 fnd ROWLANDS' ICALYDOR a most refreshing preparation for the Complexion, dispelling' the cloud of languor and relaxation, allaying all heat and irrirehilit, and immollately affording the pleasing sensation attending restored elasticity And healthful state of the skin. Freckles, Tan, Spots, Pimples, Flushes, and Discoloration fly before Its application, and give place to delicate clearness vrith the glow of beauty and of bloom. In cases of sunburn or stings of msects its virtues have long been acknowledged. Price Is. 641. and Bs. 6d. per bottle. ROWLANDS' MACASiAR OIL. A delightfully fragrant and transparent preparation, and, as an invigorator and p ur i f i er, beyond all precedent. The Prices are 3 s. 6d., 75., family and double that s i ze, 21s. bottles (equal to four small), 10S. ROWLANDS' ODONTO, or Pearl Dentifrice, compounded of the rarest and most fragrant exotics. It bestows on ihe Teeth a pearl-like whiteness, frees them from tartar, and imparts to the gums a healthy firmness, and to the breath a grateful sweetness and purity. Price 2s. 9d. per box. Sold by A. Rowland and Sons, 20, liatton-garden, London, and by Chemists and Perfumers. - --- . 7" P j''' .. 2 ‘ ' . ' Z ..,' ' ........",16•27; ' „ XL " - • -, & *. 's 'dt,il,"P • 1 , ~_ ~ .. , 1 , . -- iani • 44,. - Z -----74/1- 1 l i. 1, i 48 , . , .. y•W' ',,e'l . ,ic ~--_, -4• :,t 11' ( I ~. 1 i '. • , I ,- :V.`, . • „'` ' \ q's-1,- 1 , n 'C' . ' ,} • c, -,-;.4 NN, s,:‘ , ,ir ~.., , •;;:j ' ',.i. :. . ' I:0, W , _ ,i ' - -- etj: (e .,,,,, ' ' l ), P.. \ '.‘a . t As, ~ ' ;•1 44 1 7 . :_:.; *---*-: ‘4l,_ s , ....,_ ~:_.„ 4:, ..„ .. . • u., i i , „, .....,, .„ Z7,l',.•\'; -- ~. , , , 't.‘ l \-__-_ , .:' , ' - (4 lP, '" --- / 7 V- ... 2707. "47:-I-67:6,..,',' -' - `:.,,W;.., \ • N- . . 1.. , , ,p.,. 4 ./.,t , , :-..._:. , • .i.n.,__ , ^, ~ .-, ..- ~, . --)7 ee., , \ Nr.._- , - 7 .. .. .-...y,/ 65 .- `tr - 1 ---..,,,p / Et) r"...1-64.1. ' ...,:;1;," ' DIT6IT., '.,‘ s c • - & , -,,.' \ ‘ [PRICE 4D. STAMPED SD• the parent shall be made to pay the greater part at least of the expanse incurred by detention. That is not an empty threat. Mr. Morgan, who is employed by the Home-office to see it executed, states in a letter which I have hero, that 69 persons have been summoned for the recovery of contributions due. Of these 22 did not appear, and ten cases, from insufficiency of evidence, were not presse 1. In the remaining 47 orders have been made, and are paid in nearly every instance. This statement excludes altogether payn'ents made not under compulsion, of which the num ber is expected to be large. So much to show that this pro vision of the act is not, and will not be, a dead letter. Let your school e your farm, your whole institution, in all its branches, be so plain, so homely, so unattractive in its outward aspect that the poorest cottager may enter it, and say, "My children are better off than these." And what I say of externals applies in some degree, though in a less deereo,%cs the nature of the teaching given. You have no right to hold out as the reward of juvenile crime a supe rior training to any trade requiring skill, a higher degree of instruction, intellectual or mechanical, than that which the-common working man receives. The object in view is not an intellectual object—it is a moral and industrial one. Cleanliness, temperance, honesty, hard work— these are what you want your inmates to learn and to practise; and, although no one who has the capacity to excel should be restrained from so doing s - yet I will go so far as to affirm, that, viewed with reference to the general effect of these schools, it is not to be desired —it is rather to. be deprecated—that many of those who pass through them should rise above the level of the class from which they are taken. Don't misunderstand me. There are no other educational establishments in ex istence concerning which I would hold that language ; but the one peril which most constantly besets us—the one peril to guard against which no means must be left untried --is that of leading the poor and the ignorant to say— " We are neglected as long as we behave properly • if we break the la w an d b ecome t rou bl esome t o society, then we and our children are looked after." These two rules, then, I lay down emphatically; the first concerns Government only —" Make the parent pay wherever you can." The se cond concerns all who have anything to do with refernia tories--" Don't let them be show-places; don't try to edu cate the pupils highly; you are doing all that you need do—all that you havo a right to do, considerine ' the condi tion of i nnocen t c hild ren —if you qualify those to earn their daily bread by their daily labour." Having dwelt on the necessity of adopting what had been called the "family system"—that is, of keeping the inmates of each house so few in number as to be all under the direct and personal supervision of the teacher the noble lord next urged the propriety of encouraging compe tition by giving rewards to the most industrious of the children, and, after glancing cursorily at the question of the exclusion or non-exclusion of the penal element from the reformatory process, on which he pronounced no de cided opinion, he called attention to the relation in which refermatory schools stood to the executive, and, while ad mitting that it was a fair question to consider whether the present rate of Government allowance might not be advan tageously raised, he expressed himself as totally averse to a proposal that Government should undertake the entire cost of the schools, leaving nothing for private subscribers to do. He then continued—With respect to the, inquiry what were they to do with the boys when they reached man's estate ? that, no doubt, was a perplexing question, but fortunately it did not press, for there were many out lets—emigration, the army and navy, and private employ- . ment, as far as possible from disrepateble relatives. Mr. Baker had found no trouble in disposing of the boys who had left his institution. The ,noble lord then' continued— , We may be told, no doubt, that by !soliciting employment for these youths we are driving honest men's sons out of the labour market. But in the actual state of the labour market r attach slight weight to that objection. There is' ample employment and good pay for all who will and can Work. Then, if work is not found for the reformed offender, what hope is the re o f hi s reformation. lasting ? He Must live ; the only question is whether he shall pay honestly for his living or not. And if on no o th er groun d s , s till on the ground o the greater difficulty which those who have broken the law experience in finding the means of liveli hood, I think we may j us tif y , both ourselves and to so ciety, a reasonable amount of interference such as we pro pose. Well, gentlemen, we have now reached a mint at which we may paus e , and look back on the grdund sVe-haVea traversed. We have examined the statistics of adult.and ju venile crime; we have touched briefly on its causes; we have glanced at the history of the reformatory movement in our own and other countries ; we have shown that this under taking of ours is necessary; that it is not 'on general grounds hopeless ; and, practically, that where it has had a fair trial it has succeeded. We have noticed the objections raised to it, and the answers by which they might be met —the errors which mayimpede its progress, and the method of avoidi ng th em . W e h ave seen that the interference of the State is on the one hand necessary ; and, on the other hand, that the assistance of the State is best given by leaving a large discretion in the hands of, and exercising only a general supervision over, those who are intrusted with the management of reformatory schooli. We have adverted to the great efforts made of late in support of this movement—to the two societies established for its promo tion —and we are, I think, agreed that those who act with us, though not being of us, are not rivals —or, if rivals, are so only in the sense of a friendly and generous emula tion. We have considered, and to-morrow we shall con sider in fuller detail, the various suggestions for the regu lation and management of reformatories, which come to us either recommended by past experience or proposed for present trial. Lastly, we have ventured to look forward into the future, and have investigated the 'modes of dis posing of the youths whom, after a period of probation, it is our charge to se n d f or th into the worlll. It reinaine only to see how, why, and in what sense the ailing of this work is possible, and is a duty to each and all of us. I say, first, that it is possible for almost all to be helpers. There are few enterprises which admit of assistance being offered in a larger variety of forms. Is any rich ?—let him give of his abundance. Is any able to influence others by tongue or pen ?—let him undergo the weariness, and even, if need be, incur the ridicule, of reiterating again and again the utterance of those truths which we wish 'to im press. But it may be objected how small is the number of those who possess such power, either in the material or intellectual form. I reply there are other means by which service may be rendered to the cause, if only those who possess it have the will to give them selves, up ,to a repulsive and difficult task. The refor mation of men can never become a mechanical process. Perhaps the tendency of meetings, of speeches, of Go vernment grants, is to render it too much so, or to treat it as if it were so. Bat, for the management of the reforma tory you must have personal zeal, enthusiasm, love of the cause strong enough to produce even a feeling of love for the wretched objects of your aid ; without this work can not bo effectually done ; and to me it seems that if nny w man wished to take up a work of pure patriotism and be- lb nevolence, with nothing to gratify the taste, nothing to w flatter the intellect, nothing in it pleasing except the bare n , sense of duty done and service rendered to mankind—this wi more than any other is his natural sphere of usefulness. But again, I am asked, are all persons qualified for such a I ITS task? I don't say they are ; but this fact I would dwell 1 " on—that intellectual ability is not a primary, is scarcely WI even an important requisite. What we want, in the first pr instance, is a kind heart, a strong will, a healthy, not fats- lit tidious taste, and, above all, singleness of Purpose. For w most purposes, carry intellectual competition as far and as high as you will; it is seldom an error, it is often a ne cessity to do so ; but for personal influence of mind on mind, of character on character, and that especially when you have to deal with capacities often feeble and always undeveloped, the qualities which I have named are the most valuable. But there is yet another form of aid pos sible to those who can neither contribute, nor speak, nor write, nor give their personal service as teachers in the schools. Employers of labour in almost any shape may assist us materially by taking charge of even one lad on the expiration of his term. Nay, even those who are not employers, who are themselves in the rec e ipt of employ ment, might help, by expressing their willingness to re ceive, and look after as fellow-labourers or subordinates, those whom, without some such guarantee, the landlord, the farmer, or the tradesman might be unwilling to have anything to do with. In sonic one of these various forms there are few who, if their will be strong enough, may not contrive to make themselves of use. So much for the possibility; one closing word as regards the duty. In the first place, I say it 'is a duty which we owe to civilisation and to society. I touch on that aspect of the question because it is one often neglected. We are so surrounded with the appliances of civilised life—so used to them from childhood—they are to us so much a matter of course—that we forget that there is no one of them — our constitution, our laws, our police, the means of transit through space, which have brought us h:re in such num bers, the industrious habits of our people—more than all, that high standard of opinion which so powerfully aids and supplements individual morality ;—I say we forget that there euriortreor - thaßre evictences awe ease.. or stnnal— progress, mechanical or mental, which is not the product of human labours—of labours frequently ill-requited or not at all—of labours in many cases unselfishly given, without hope or prospect of reward, for the satisfaction of conscience, and for the lasting benefit of mankind. Re membering that fact, it appears that, just as a tenant is bound to hand over to his successor the house which he has inhabited in good and tenantable condition, so each generation lies under an obligation to transmit to the next, institutions, laws, and customs which shall as nearly as possible embody in practice the highest ideas which en lightened men have formed respecting existing social ques tions. Each age line its own wants to supply, and its own work to do; the care of each should 'be to provide that there be no arrear of improvements to make up; that new controversies, when they arise, may find those who suc ceed us free to give to them their entire energies, not ham pered by having on hand the task which ought to have been accomplished half a century before. I affirm again, this 'is a national cause ; and I l ay emp h as i s on the fact, be cause I can well conceive that there may be many to whose sympathies it appeals only, or chiefly, when considered in that light. The idea of crime and of the criminal repels us; it is not in all minds that reason prevails over impulse, or that compassion will conquer that disgust ; but none— think or feel as they may respecting the individual offend. er—can deem it a slight matter to have aided, in however small a degree, to promote the moral health, the social stability, the internal well-being, of this vast empire,— an empire mighty in the present, far mightier In the fit ture,—an empire whose language is spoken, and whose laws preyail in every quarter of the globe, and of the in crease of whose dominion there appears no end, until the waste places of the earth shall be filled up. We may have class divisions, wo may have rivalries of sects, we may have diversities of political opinion—these * things inust exist—but I believe that among no ancient or modern people is the spirit of patriotism more innate, or the obli gation which, each citizen owes to the community more deeply felt. And if among us questions of internal social, improvement have, been too much and too long neglected; it has not been from indifference to the national f o rtune:, but rather from an imperf e ct perception of the truth, that whatever affects the individual members of the couinpuity affects the State as a whole. But this question of criminal reformation is not merely one that concerns society in the aggregate, or England in particular; it has also a real, deep, and pressing interest for every one of es personally. You know ho w much talk th ere has been of late years on sanitary matters ; most of you know what was (I am I _ happy to think it is no longer) theapathy of the general public, how people used to say. " keep my own house clean ; if infection exists I don't contribute to it ; and'if my neighbours are worse off than I th e fa ult is their own. , Well, that soundedlikegood common sense ; but unluckily I for those who held such language: it was found not to be , NEWSP.A.PER 1 k "i . . l ir , 7/ °V cZ, ,: a , ' /.... . 1... 3 1 • L'' ' - - *: : M l ig if , , , - whi 1‘ aturo 11‘ ',. , ri.> fi• r ' 'kV '`‘' . her working, app e , ,a, en 5 ' . .., -,'"' ' ' from a prudent regent* ome - p ) : 2 - it down as - a rule in regard is -•,- one household or oue neig' ' - 'l' ,f ' - - it Areta- - ordante with the laws , fl' you examine well making us benevolent, even own interests. She has laid physical contagion, that if ih bourhood neglect the duty of cleanliness, and if disease be thence generated, that disease may, and probably will, spread far and wide, stalking many besides thoso who were the means of introducing it in the first instan ce . I n a word; in san it ar y sc i ence it is an axiom, that, as the neglect or the folly of one may injure all, so the health of every one (so far as it is affected by causes within human control) must, as a matter of self-interest, be. the care of all. Well, that axiom I transfer from material to moral science. I say it applies to guilt as universally, as certainly, as it does to disease. Mind acts upon mind, character forms character, with an influence mostly imperceptible, but not the less real. It is certain that oar notions of right and wrong, of what we are ex pected to do, and what we are expected to leave undone, are greatly modified by the tone of thought which prevails in our age and country. It is certain that the aggregate morality of the whoa) is, so to speak, made up of an ave. rage of that which prevails in each class. It is certain that the morality of every class is affected, advantageously or injuriously as the case may be, by the conduct and cha racter of every individual in it. If these three propoaia tions be admitted, and 1. think they cannot well be den t ied the conclusion follows clearly. Don t let u s fancy that criminals form a set of men apart, who exercise iio infla -ence on the rest. Whence are their ranks recruited, er cept from among the innocent? And don't let us imagine that though their existence may lower the tone and feeling among the poor, we, the wealthier portion of society, re. main unaffected. It is not so—it cannot be so. To hear of crime—to read of it—to see it round us—if it hurts us in no other way, yet lessens the respect, the sympathy, the fellow-feeling as Englishmen, which we might otherwise a entertain towards the w or ki ng p ar t o f th e popu l a tion. I cannot treat this subject he re , it wou ld requ i re a vo lume . rather than a few sentences at the end of a long discourse; but I assert this as a truth, confident that, if need were, I could prove it by argument,—that the purity o' 'he moral atmosphere in which we live exercises over u. .n influ ence as real as the purity of the physical atmosphere— that this influence is felt irrespective of class, of habits, or of occupation; that the parallel between th e i n f ec ti on of disease and the infection of crime holds strictly ; and that if we suffer pollution to remain uncleansed in the hovel it will take its revenge on the palace. Hero then I conclude. I have tried to show :eon that, besides its obvious benefits to social order, this move ment is one which we a r e bound t o promote, —bound by the debt we owe to civilisation, by our duty to :England, - by regard even to our own moral well-being. Many motives lead here to one end. The philanthropist. nooks to the welfare of the individual whom he assists ; the patriot to the elevation of England among the nations ; ahe philo sopher to the future progress of mankind. All are alike in terested in the disappearahce from the face of sot iety of a class profeeeedly living in violation of its laws. T o accele rate that disappearancels our object; the means • which wo employ have been well considered and partially ti iarl ; we desire now, in accordance with the expressed w. ill of the _ Legislature, to try them on a larger scale ; with t hat view we have appealed to the community of En - gland, and our first such appeal is that which I now make to you. (Loud cheers.) Mr. G. H. HASTINGS then read the report e the gene. ral "committee. 14 glanced at the history of the reformatory movement, the origin and objects of the society, and the operations which it had already carried on, and, after alluding to the difficulties with.whieh it had had to contend at jets outset, . , not the least serious of which was the unfortunate, discus- ' sion within its own ranks on the subject of religious educa tion, stated that nothing should everiniuce the co tnmittee to conduct the National Reformatory Union in a spirit less comprehensive than that in which it was originally f minded. The report then went on to state that, shortly a fter the formal establishment of the society, the commi 'Aft ob tained the consent of Lord Brougham to act as pie ssident, andentered into arrangements with the Law Ame ailment :society for the joint use of the rooms and for a s:eare in their weekly journal. They also appointed snb-com mittees . to consider variops questions of practical detail, tend set thethselves to work to carry out the four great objects for which the Union was established :—; . To collect find dif fuse; information bearing on the reformation of youthfal offenders. - 2. To promote the practical development of the ref° matory system:- 3. To consider and promote such ' legi ativa measures as are still required for the betiereare• and reformation of juvenile offenders. 4. To assist in plac.lng out, end the subsequent gusrdianehip and pro tection of, young persons leaving reformatory institutions. ' Towards each of these objects) they were mi ki eg satisfactory ' progress. Theybacl succeeded in mecum/flat] ug a v . :tat atria/ma of valuable and interesting inforination on matters eelatitig to tfie reclamation of juvenile off/laden, and their inquiries and experience were conclusive as to the ease with me ich _places were at Iresent obtaineil' , foridie, reformed tamales of the certified a •hoola- The time for difficuley ot4tiat hatiela a a ar . if it, were ever to COD" had not yet arriYed, but Wan; ' seemed to be a general feeli ng th a t ' a ' central anaefor information under the management of -phe society a. ' • would prove very useful. At that office the' inirnes a , of t i ose willing to' receive in their service the late inmates of reformatories would be registered, while another list of those anxious for situations would be con stanpy open. The statistics furnishes iby the reformatory schools which had been long at work were of the most gra s , tifying nature. The Glasgow House of Refuge bad been in existence for 22 years, and numbered nearly 400 inmates, and ont of the total number admitted since its establishment 85 per cent. were stated to have done well. Out of 99 cases ' suprlied by the manager of the Home in the East 44 had done well, 21 were known to have done ill, and the remaining 31 had pot been traced. Out of 137 cases from the Glasgow . Female House of Refuge, 69 had done well, 30 were bad or don 'tful, and 38 wore either dead or unkn own . O ut o f 31 fre the Herdwicke-court„ Mr. Barwick Babe r d escr ib e d 17 ti l as oing well, 9as going on ansatisfactorily, but not recommitted, 5 recommitted, and 3 absconded. Mr. ' Chatloner said, of the boys who had left the Berwick 'and NeWcastle School, that 23 were doing wts l ,l, 3 had. ret urne d to crime, and 11 were unknown. The report concluded with; the expression of a hope that the consequence of the preset meeting in a city which had taken so prominent a part an the reformatory movement would be the formation , of a. numerous Bristol and West of England branch, to be folheved by the establishment of similar branches in all parts of the United Kingdom. Tile report was adopted on the motion of Lord R. Cicala, M. P:, and, after some further routine bustuess,. the meeting adjourned. ' .: 4.~` a ..:+ ~~ .K ROYAL CRE3fORNE GAVDENS. In addition to the usual attraction at these gardens the proprietor had male arrangements to give increased indecement to visitors yesterday. One of these was a horticultural show, which indeed had been commenced on toe previous day. The flowers to be exhibited were confined chiefly to hollyhocks and da,hliag, and Wal de sign, ted the. Metropolitan Exhibition of these flowers. Althlough the specimens displayed were, in many in staribes, of a superior kind, they were not equal, either 'n number or variety, to what might have been expected, .hotber as regarded the occasion or the splendid pa v i: on in which they were shown. They were, however, 'ellivrorthy the attention of connoisseurs for the rich. ess: of their colours, and for those other qualitifs hi form the characteristics of these autumn i t orna len s, of the garden. At the close of the sh ow l as t ren t)- the prizes obtained by the successful exhibitors er4 awardel to them, and many of the visitors were with some of the best specimens i n th e pavi 3n. The great attraction of the evenintz, however, as the presentation of the prizes to the successful competitora at the Thames National Regatta, which had :been brought to an issue at Putney yesterday 'afternoon. This interesting ceremony took place in the cirque, under the auspices of Sir James Duke, M.P. Mr. Altierman and Sheriff Rose, nod the committee of the regatta. The honourable baronet and his friends ente - ed the building, which was tastefully fitted up fcr the occasion, shortly after nin e o ' c l oc k . T he massive silver cup and the other costly prizes were ar rane.ed on a platform in the area of the building, and had most imposing appearance. Notwithstanding the misetable state of the weather there was a good attend ance:of the rowers and their friends present to witness the ceremony of the presentation. JAMES DUKE opened the proceedings of the even ing by expressjug the gratification which he felt, as an old sHor, at having been selected by the Lord Mayor, the patron of the Thames National ll,egatta, to give away the prizes on that occasion. lie was most friendly to such displays as he had witnessed at Putney thatday, a 4 thy kept up that spirit amongst the watermen of the Thames which made them ever ready to uphold the honor of England, when their services were required for at purpose. (Cheers.) Tlie Hon. Baronet then presented the several prizes, amidst the cheers of the persons assembled. Amongst the Iclrfzes were a coat and badge, which were won by a "Jolly Young Waterman," who seemed proud of the distinction he had earned for himself, and which by the way Mercliy ohvervod upon by Sir James Duke. Tile proceedings terminated by three cheers being given for Sir James Duke, who bowed his acknowledg ments. It:was to be regretted that the state of the weather prevented many thousands of persons from enjoying the festivities prepared for them at this highly popular place of pUblie amusement. On Monday a Gram.] Gala will be given, at which the novelty of a balloon race will be introduced. rADVERTIBEMEICT.] SIGHT AND HEARING ..--• SPECTACLES, POWERFUL TELESCOPES, OPERA, RACE, AND PERSPECTIVE GLassas.—Messrs. S, and B. Solomons, opticians, 39, Albe marle-street, Piccadilly. Observe—opposite the York Hotel. By 14er Majesty's Royal Letters Patent for valuable and extraordinary improvements in the most powerful and brilliant Telescopes, Camp, Racecourse, Opera, anti Per spective Glasses, to know the distance'. These telescopes possess such extraordinary powers that some three and a-half inches, with an extra eye-piece, will show distinctly Jupiter's moons, Saturn's ring, and the double stars. With the same teteseopo can be seen a person's countenance three m iles and a half distant, and an object from 16 to 20 miles. They are of larger awl all sizes, with increasing powers aecordingly.—Tho Roya: Exhibition, 1851. Valuable, no wly-inven ted, very small, powerful waistcoat-pocket glass, the size of a walnut., by which a pr.-rson can be seen and known 1 i miles distant ; they answer every purpose on the race-course, and at the opera houses, country scenery, and ships aro clearly seen at 8 to 10 miles. They are invaluable for shooting, deer-stalking, y ac hti ng, to sportsmen, gentlemen, gamekeepers, and touristy. Opera, race-course, camp, awl perspective glasses, with 'wonderful power. N e wly-constructed Spectacle Lenses of the great,, est transprsent power. The valuable advantage derived f rom this invention is, that vision becoming impaired il ' pr..- ~e rved and strengthened, and very aged p persons ario, e nabled to employ their sight at the most minute men. pation- - can see with these lenses of a much less magnify. l e g power—and they do not requ i re the frequent chawe to the dangerous effects of further powerful assistance. Persons can be suited at the most remote part of the world, by sending one of the glasses out of their spectacles in a letter, and . stliting the distance from the eyes they can read •small newsp4per print with it; and those who have not ;made ne2 of spectacles by stating their age:—Deaf. miss. —New Discovery.— The Organic Vibrator, an ex tra"rdivary powerful, small, newly-invented instrument for, deafness, entitiely . different from all others, to surpars any. .thing of the kind that has been ,or probably ever can be, produced. Being of the same colour as the skin, is not per ceptible ; it enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at church , and at publio assemblies ; the unpleasant sensation of singing noises in' the ears is - entirely removed ; and itf affords all the assistance that possibly could be desired.- 3 9, A 1131113 4 0, itroot, Piccadilly. Obsorve—rippoitv Ow York, Hotel, LAIN DUN THURSDAY EVENIN(4, AUGUST 21, 1856. NATIONAL REFORMATORY UNION. A conference of the friends of this institution com menced yesterday afternoon at Bristol, and will be con tinued to-day and to-morrow. The first meeting took place in the hall of the Society of Merchant Venturers, which, in spite of unfavourable wea ther, was completely filled. Lord Stanley presided on the occasion, and was supported on the platform by the Mayor of Bristol, the Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells, Mr. W. Miles, M.P., Lord R. Cecil, M.P. ; Col. Pinney, M.P., Mr. Commissioner Hill, Col. Burrows, the Dean of Bristol, Rev. Canon Girdlestone, Rev. W. Turner, of Redhill ; Rev. W. C. Osborn, Chaplain of Bath Gaol ; Rev. W. Tyler, of Spitalfiekls ; Mr. J. Hassell, Master of the Society of Merchant Venturers ; Messrs. B. Baker, of Hardwicke; ' J. Symons, E. A. gandford, E. B. Wheatley, G. W. Has tings, W. Morgan, W. Gillow, G. Bowyer, W. Marsh, L. Thornton, T. P. Jose, R. Leonard, Dr. Wallis, &c. The MAYOR of BRISTOL, in a brief speech, introduced Lord Stanley to the meeting. His LORDSHIP commenced his observations by expres sing his regret at the absence of the President of the Union (Lord Brougham), from whom tho following letter had been received by Mr. Commissioner Hill : " Brougham, Aug. H. "My dear Hill,—lt is • needless to say how very much grieved I have been by the impossibility ofattending the Bris tol meeting of our Reformatory Union, over which I have always deemed it a high honour that I was called upon to pre side at its formation. But my relief has been great in finding my place on this occasion supplied by one whom all his col leagues so highly esteem for his capacity and habits of hard work, his eminent abilities, and the truly noble use he makes of them. " We can hardly overrate the importance of these proceed- N i o. It 5. not i - cry.vrocable Su 'Naive( ' ttpOn Lbr, number of years that have elapsed since I came to the conviction, which subsequent experience and discussion with others, in and out of the profession, have only confirmed, how very much we over estimate the deterring effect of penal legislation mme companied with other measures, and bow necessary it is both to apply means of prevention, to makepunishment reforma tory, and to reclaim those on whom we have been obliged to inflict it, I have taken the liberty, through you, of laying before the Union my reflections upon this subject. I look forward to the happiest results from the present meeting, and to an ample extension of the great benefits already derived from the trials that have, both in this and other countries, been made of the system, " No one can have a greater respect than I have for the benevolent and enlightened labours of M. de Metz and hs late colleague, M. de Courteilles ; and my visit to Mettray, two years ago, enabled me pointedly to contradict in Parlia ment some assertions and expose misapprehensions prevalent on the subject. It is not, however, true that Mettray was the first experiment of the kind. The Philanthropic Society many years before (long before Strettou-on-Dunsmore, in deed) had even adopted the family principle, perhaps the distinguishing feature of the Mettray plan, and only gave it up, I believe, when they were enabled to erect their building in St. George's-fields. Stretton-on-Dunsmore was begun as early as 1818 ; and while we honour the memory of that truly admirable man, Townsend Powell, whe devoted himself to its support, we must feel no little shame in the reflection that, after he had for many years, through good and evil report, and with the utmost difficulty, kept it alive, for want of funds it did not survive him, and I was grieved to find last year that it had been abandoned. I take for granted that its condition could not have been known to the great and weal thy towns of Warwickshire and Staffordshire, which must have benefitted most by Mr. Powell's labours, carried on as they purposely were in .a remote district, in order that the liberated convicts might be separated as much as possible from the haunts of their former associates. " Nothing can be more candid than M. De. Metz's admis sions on all occasions of having profited by the experience and the suggestions of others, especially those of Wieheru, founder of the Rauhe-haus, near Hamburg. But it is greatly to the honour of M. De Metz's sagacity that he perceived the advantages of the family principle where it had been adopted, as it probably was by the Philanthropic Society of London, from necessity and the want of accommodation, not design edly. He saw through its great importance, and voluntarily made it part of his system. " I trust that the meeting will not separate without fully discussing and exposing the evils of short imprisonments. In the paper which I have sent you will find that this is dwelt upon as one exception among the errors into which Mr. Ben tham fell upon the reformatory operation of penal inflictions, I well recollect how entirely he agreed with us upon this im portant point, when Sir S. Romilly and I were discussing with him what we took leave to regard as fundamental errors on other points. It really is of such paramount importance that it may be said to make all the difference between punish ment beinc , an evil or a re me dy, a preven ti on or au encou ragement of c' crime, a mitigation or an aggravation of its mis chiefs. " Among many other subjects which will of course be brought before the meeting, one surely is the error of some distinctions taken in the plans of the patronage societies that are formed. Some, I see, arc confined to females, others to males, while the same might well take care of both. A more prevailing mistake is restricting our care to the young. There can be no reason why the same society should not charge itself also with adults, assuming, what I apprehend can hardly be disputed, that it is against all principle and all the results of experience to confine our labours to the care of juveaile offenders. "I ought to apologise for occupying you with the perusal of a long letter from a distance, when you must bo so fully and so much better employed nearer home. My disappoint ment is really great that I am not with you and our col leagues, to whom I desire my kindest regards and respects. I observe ithat Sir J. Pakington is expected to attend, for whom I need not say bow great is my esteem, having long been his fellow-labourerin important measures for the amend ment of the law, and it would have given me no little satis faction to make the acquaintance of so excellent a person as Mr. Miles, to whom the Union is greatly indebted. " Believe me, sincerely yours, " H. BROUGHAM." Lord Stanley then delivered the following inaugural address :—Ladies and gentlemen,—l will not detain you with any preface to the remarks which it will be my duty to make, nor apologise for the inevitable length to which they may extend. The subject of reformatories is to you deeply interesting —your presence in this room proves that. The subject is beset with difficulties, else why the contro versies, the debates, the writing and speaking that have taken place concerning it during the last five years. The subject is one on which action, anti prompt action, is needed, otherwise it would hardly, in this practical country and age, occupy the most intelligent minds and lead to the most strenuous exertions. The Legislature has taken up, as regards the reformatory movement, a peculiar, though, I think, a wise position. It assists the founders of schools ; it gives them legal powers ; it makes use of their agency ; but it does not supersede their efforts. The law under which we act takes for granted the existence of so much public spirit in the community as that indi viduals may be left to initiate a movement which ill other countries would fall within the especial province of the Executive. It is our duty and our purpose to-day to show that the confidence of Parliament is not misplaced ; that those who frame the laws and those who administer them have not reckoned in too sanguine a spirit on the philan thropy and the patriotism of English citizens. I propose, so far as time allows, to lay before you an outline sketch of this vast subject. Now, in the first place, in order to know clearly the magnitude of the evil for which wo have to pro vide a remedy, let us endeavour to ascertain the actual and relative amount in this country of adult and juvenile crime. I don't apprehend that this can be done in a very exact manner. Prison returns can draw no distinction, though morally the distinction is a very wide one, between trivial breaches of law, compatible with habitual innocence, and offences which are of a nature to indicate habitual crime. Nor is the shape of our statistical information on these subjects convenient. The difficulty I have found in ascertaining, even imperfectly as I may have done it, the facts required, supply me, if it were needed, with a fresh reason to envy and to hold up for imitation the complete, uniform, and simple mode in which the judicial statistics of France are compiled. Never theless, such materials as we possess we may use ; and look ing to the 19th repor t , just published, of the Prison In spectors of Engl an d an d Wales, which supplies us with the returns 011853, I find it there stated that the numbers "for trial or tried at assizes or sessions" were 26,801 ; the sum mary sonvictions, 71,85 )—malting a total of those who have come under the law, 9 8,651, or, in round numbers, about 100,000. Now, in that same year there were of juvenile offenders (that is, under 17 years) tried or for trial, 2,105; summarily convicted, 9,34 8—t0ta1, 11,453. We have, then, the proportion of juvenile to all crime for that year fixed at 11. per cent., and the figures for 1852 show a generally similar result. I will not weary yeu with sta tistics, but it is worth notice —and proof of what I state may be found in this same report—that while the propor tion of juvenile crime, that is, of crime committed under the age of 17 does not exceed the figure I have mentioned, the amount committed between the ages of 17 and 21 is absolutely enormous, forming, for these four years of life alone, nearly 25 per cent. of the w h o l e. This fact is par ticularly corroborated by the census returns'of 1851, where of all the prisoners under sentence in Groat Britain on a particular day, just 25 per cent. w as f ound to be under 20 years by ofage'and 4 result almost id ent i cal with this was ob taiuMr. Itedgrave, from the census of 1841. It is, indeed, a startling fact in the investi ga ti on of crime, that tw while e e h the the aes number of l o s f andpersons f living at any one ti me be o o y 1-10th of the en tire population at that time, this tenth part of the popu lation is guilty of nearly one-fourth of the whole amount I of detected crime. Now, I don't think that prison re turns, or any returns, can g i ve us an exact idea of the num ber of those with whom the r e f orma t ory movement mat have to deal; there are lads who break the law, and no, punished, who are yet in no sense habitual offenders ; there is, perhaps, still a good deal of undetected crime in counties where no efficient police exists, and no statement of the number annually imprisoned can help us, except it the roughest way, to estimate the number of those wh , may be at large. This only wo know, that more that 11,000 children, a large majority of them boys, pass yearly through the hands of justice ; with how little ref°, mgeneral, th e l arge p ro p or ti on of recom miattt7s effect nearly ectin 4,000 out of 11,000 shows plainly enough. I can hardly imagine anything more vitally it, portant for us, in carrying on this reformatory work, ti ascertain than the scale on which we shall have to conduct our operations. Unfortunately, there id no part of the whole subject on which se little light can be thrown. We are working very much in the dark ; we have little ex perience to appeal to ; all estimates as to numbers have hitherto been mere guesses, and those guesses differ from one another as widely as is possible, I speak with Some hesitation when I say that, when the reformatory system comes fully into operation, I think you will not be suffi ciently prepared to meet all contiegencies, unless you rec kon on a yearly influx of from 2,000 to 3,000 boys. The term of detention being at the utmost five years, but two thirds of that time being the average, you might, according to that estimate, have at one time about 10,00) in process of reclamation. I hope lam exaggerating the require ments of the case. Nevertheless, when I reflect that the cost per head to the State of each criminal so reclaimed is only 131. yearly, and that from this must be deducted the sums recovered from the parents, I confess there appears to me no danger of our burdening the finances with a de mand disproportionate to the importance of the object in view. When we speak of the possible cost of reformatories, it is well to remember the certain cost.of crime. We are too apt, in dealing with such subjects, to think only of the taxes which we pay to Government, and to forget the taxes which we pay to those whom it is the object of Government to put down. It sounds almost incredible, but it is on record (I quote it, raleat quantum) that a com mittee appointed by the authorities of Liverpool to inves tigate losses caused by theft placed those losses at the sum 700,0001. Mr. Clay, of Preston, has assumed the average income of a successful thief at 1001. yearly; and in the case of 14 prisoners whose history he investigated, he found that besides the loss which their depredations might have caused the average cost, of their apprehension, maintenance, prosecution, and punishment was 62/. a piece. Similarly, Mr. Rushton, wriEing, in 1842, to the , corporation of Liverpool, referred to the ease of 14 prison ers, whom he estimated as having caused a dead loss to the community of between 2,0001. and 3,0001. We have heard of gaols costing 1501. or 200'. per cell ; there are some which have far exceeded this estimate. We know how little productive prison labour can be made; and in esti mating the injury produced by crime, we must take into account the annoyance, the fear, and the trouble caused, which generally far exceed in importance to the sufferer the pecuniary loss itself. Financiers have au axiom that a little uncertainty in a tax is worse than a great deal of inequality. Now, obviously, no tax is so uncertain, both in amount and time of collection, none is so vexatious as regards the manner of collecting, as that which falls upon us in the shape of loss by robbery. Passing from the ques tion of numbers, let us consider whether there exists any chance of juvenile crime decreasing through other agencies than ours. We all know—we have heard them again and again —what are the principal causes of adult crime. Early ignorance, vicious associations, habitual intemper ance (the most powerful demoralising agent of all), and imperfection in police arrangements, whereby the example is held out of offences committed without detection. Po verty and distress are also operating influences ; but to what extent they operate is a question much disputed. The specific agencies at work in creating juvenile criminality have been analysed with great minuteness by Mr. Clay, of Preston, than whom no man is better known in connection with reformatory movements. He found that in 75 per cent. of the cases investigated by him the fault of the chil dren lay unmistakeably at thedoor of the parents. In 57 per cent, of these cases there had been habitual drunkenness, often accompanied by brutality, on the part of the father; in the remaining 18 per cent. habitual indifference and neglect,—that is to say, in three cases out of every four of juvenile delinquency which came before him the pri soner had had hardly a chance of becoming anything but what he was. Mr. Clay's calculation is corroborated by another which I extract from an able and useful pamphlet by Mr. Adshead. He states that, from an inquiry made into the cases of 100 criminal children at Manchester, in 1840, the following results were elicited : Born of dishonest parents Parents profligate, but not of the criminal class Parents honest and industrious 100 All inquiry tends to show that in crime, as in pauperism, there is a tendency to become hereditary ; and the effect of neglect in developing crime is demonstrated by the large proportion of illegitimate children in gaols. It seems, then, that unless we could deal with the parent we eannot prevent the corrupting process from going on. We cannot hinder children being driven or allured out of miserable homes to seek a living by plunder in the streets. Now, nothing is more certain than that to deal directly with the parent is impossible. He is out of our reach, is beyond our control. He is proof against such influences as we can bring to bear. So far as he is concerned, the work of demoralisation must and will go on. Indirectly, no doubt, we may operate upon that class from whom the parents of the criminal population are mostly taken. Bat we can hope to operate upon it only by means of measures and movements continued through a long series of years, and needing time for their results to appear, by means of better schooling, of temperance societies, of places of rational amusement, substituted for the beer-house; of cheap literature, of every encouragement which society can offer to industry and forethought. Meantime, the children are being misled ; the routine of convictions, imprison. ments, recommittals continues. The more I look into the subject, the more fully assured I feel that for both the present and future diminution of crime the only direct and immediate agency that can bo employed—l don't say the best, but virtually the only one —consists in the detention, the training, and the giving honest employment to crimi nal children whom the neglect of such means will render offenders for life. There are other agencies which in th e long run may, and we hope will, affect powerfully the less wealthy classes of society, but these agencies aro indirect only, and do not meet the necessity which lies upon us of immediate action. Next, let us consider (and I assure you that I am endeavouring to be as brief as lies in my power) what is the past history mil present state of this rcfor'na tory movement. I am afraid that we, as a nation, can hardly claim the credit of having been foremost to discern and to act upon the principle which this union meets to provide. It is true that, in 1783, the Philanthropic Society of London—the society now familiar to us by the name of its school, Red-hill —was set on foot by private means. it is true that 15 years earlier, Howard had called attention to this branch of prison discipline. It is true that in 1315 the Prison Discipline Society was established, one of the chief objects of which was to save young offenders from the cor ruption of contact with those more hardened, that in 1317 theStretton Institution in Warwickshire was commenced, and that at a later period the Children's Friend Society, under Capt. Brenton, undertook the protection of neglected boys and girls, whether innocent or criminal. But it has boon chiefly on the continent that the reformatory move ment, until of late years, hasthriven and flourished. (After referring in termsof cordial commendation to the labours of Fellenberg, Der Reeks, Wichern, and Mettray, the noble lord alluded to the establishment at Red-hill.) Red hill school, as you know, dates from 1810 ; 913 boys have entered it, of whom 253 remain, 720 having passed through. Of these about 70 per cont. are known to be doing well. Those who wish for details on the foreign reforma tories will find them in a paper read by Mr. Maclelland before the British Association at Glasgow, and since re printed as a pamphlet. You are aware of the main pro visions of the act of 1854, and how it assists the setting up of reformatory schools. Power is given to detain boys at such schools during five years, and to receive them at any age not above 16, Government pays ss, weekly fur the support of each, but does not in practice other ,vise inter fere. Of this act most of the English counties are avail ing themselves already. Nearly all, wa hope, will do so. I say nearly all, because in some instances, where the num ber of boys i s sma ll, it may be bette r f or more than one county to join funds and set up a school between them. The object of the National Reformatoty Union, in connec tion with this movement, is to form, as it were, a centre of action for these various local efforts ; tie enable managers in different bounties to compare their systems more readily; to promote the establishment of reformatories where none yet assist; to enable those who wish to give personal as sistance in the cause to discover where their help is most required; to assist in placing out the youths who leave reformatories; to supply opportunities of discussing the general subject, and suggesting improvements in the me thods adoPted ; and, should changes in the law of refor matories be required, to press on Parliament the propriety of such changes. There is in existence — founded nearly at the same time—another similar body to ours—the Refor matory and Refuge Union, formed on a wore sectarian basis, but likely, I hope, to be useful within its own sphere. I name that body only in order to mention that, though they weak by nearly the same moans fur nearly the same objects, there is not —there cannot be —any opposition be tween the two. I come now to some practical inquiries. fs the undertaking necessary ? Is it, a priori, likely to succeed ? Has it succeeded when tried in other coun tries? Now, as to the first point, the necessity of set ting about this business, I apprehend there can be but Kittle diversity of opinion. The circumstances of the mime aro peculiar. Whatever was tile effect of tran sportation, as a punishment, upon Australia, there can be no doubt but that the effect of the system upon his country was beneficial. In fact, transportation .s an English institution dates further back than the die -every of the A ustralian continent. We transported once o America; we transported to the West Indies; we tried, sfter the American independence, to transport to the Afri sin coast; for half a century we transported to the antipo lean settlements. It is only within the last half-dozen rears that we find ourselves cut off from an easy and effec ,ual, though not economical mode of getting rid of our cri minal population—cut off, if I may express an individual opinion, without much propped of being Able tiCs a practice which we have established, or of being allowed to find a new outlet for convicts which will not interfere with the claims of some growing community. Be that as it may, we have for some time past had to contemplate the probable alternative of being compelled to keep all our die. charged prisoners at home. It was a nature/vault of that position that people should begin to say, " Since you can't get rid of your criminals you must reform them." But re form whom ? Adults? That was felt to b 3, I don't say a hopeless, but an arduous and unpromising task. Then fel' lowed the inquiry, " When do these men turn criminals, in youth, or in later life?" The answer is sufficiently given in our criminal tables, and in the evidence taken before Parliament in the years 1832-53. It is ascertained that from one-third to one-half of the convicts in our prisons have belonged to the class of juvenile offenders. It is proved by a concurrence of testimony such as one rarely finds on any social question admitting of dispute, that short impri sonment—the average of all imprisonments in England is 50 days —are not reformatory in their effect, that they are seldom even deterring ; that, usually, they send back the offender more hardened than when he went in. The diffi culty is not to find witnesses on this point, but to choose them. I believe there is not a governor of a gaol, not a chaplain, not a judge, not a chairman of quarter sessions who is not here of one mind. "To punish young offenders with short terms of imprisonment," says Baron Alderson in a recent charge, "is neither a wise nor a humane proceeding." And he %notes a table of figures prepared 30 years back by the Governor of Glasgow Bride well, which is so conclusive that I cannot refrain from in serting it here. Of prisoners sentenced for the first time to 14 days confinement, there returned to gaol for new offences 75 per cent. ; of those sentenced to 30 clays, 60 per cent. ; 40 days, 50; 60 days, 40; 3 months, 25 ; months, 10 ; 9 months, 7 ; 12 months, 4 ; 18 months, 1 ; 24 months, none ; although in the 10 years over which this calculation extends the number of those sentenced for 21 months was 93. It is added that prisoners who came back two or three times went on returning at intervals for years, and that many of those committed for short periods on their first offence were afterwards transported or hanged. I select one other piece of evidence out of the blue book of 1853, not as the strongest, but as the first on which my eyes chanced to fall while re-examining it for this meeting. In Reading Gaol, Oct., 1852, it was found that out of 209 prisoners recommitted to separate confine. ment, 89 were under 17 years of age when first committed, and those 89 had been in prison altogether 403 times, or nearer five times than four times a-piece. Even statistical proof is scarcely necessary to make out the case for which we contend. Does it stand to reason that a fortnight or a month in prison can improve the moral character of a boy, almost a child ? If allowed to mix with others, he is cor rupted to a certainty. If kept separate, as he ought to be, still the question remains, what is he to do when he comes out ? His character is gone ; his friends, probably, disown him ; he is forced into the society of those whose case is like his own; and he is exposed to those debasing influences with little prospect of getting work, and with. out time having been allowed for any really reformatory agency to take effect upon him. If questioned, then, as to the necessity of this reformatory movement, I answer thus —that nationally important as it is at all times, circum stances have made it doubly important now—we cannot dispose of our criminals, we must reclaim them—we have comparatively little hope of reclaiming adults —we deal, therefore, preferentially with the young ; and, as regards the young, we have it established that the existing sys tems of attempted reformation have broken down. I ask whether on that score our vindication can be more com pletely made out? But then follows the expression, often openly expressed, still mere often felt whore it is not ex pressed, " Can you really reform a depraved character ? Can you eradicate early habits so that they will not re turn? Can you be sure that the good you do will last, that the apparent change for the better is anything more than a mask worn for a temporary and interested pur pose ?" Well, that is a grave doubt, and deserves to be fully considered. I answer it, first, by pointing again to that statement of Mr. Clay's respecting the causes of juve nile crime—a statement, observe, which does n o t s t an d alone, which i s i n th e ma i n corroborated by most persons who have had anything to do with prisoners and prisons. Mr. Clay tells you that three-fourths of the young offenders who come into his hands have been made such by parental misconduct iu one form or another. Some, one may sup pose, have been directly urged by parents into the cornmis sion of crime. Some, even though not so urged, are the children of men and women living habitually by dishonest means—children who have no respectable protector, and scarcely a chance of getting employment in any business. Others, whose parents may not themselves be dishonest, have grown up in mere brutal ignorance, and are entice:i into mischief by other lads, knowing literally nothing of duty or morality, of credit or disgrace, of whet society ap proves or what it coademns. A few are driven into vice by actual ill-treatment, by hunger, by cold, by the fear of starvation, and by tho fear of blows. Now, of all who come under these four heads—those whose parents teach them to steal—the 83 whose parents set them the example of stealing—those who have been taught nothing at home, and those who have boon left or turned adrift to shift for them selves—one m y say, without exaggeration, that their guilt is the result of circumstances, and not of choice, Clearly, therefore, they at least are not to he given up as hopeless. They are worse than others, not because their inclinations are worse, but because the option of good or evil has never been placed fairly before them. And these, I believe, form the great bulk of our juvenile offenders. There remains a class, I admit, with regard to which one cannot speak with so much confidence. I mean the class, met with both among adults and grown persons, in whom the tendency to commit criminal acts appears to arise rather out of a morbid action of the mind than out of any external com pelling cause. Even in these less hopeful cases the morbid tendency often appears to be connected with the physical organisation, and disappears or diminishes under the com bined influences of example, of teachi ng , an d o f h ealthy bodily training. O n th a t last chance I don't dwell, though a good deal might be said touching the connexion of some forms of criminality with unnoticed cerebral dis ease; I am content to acknowledge the fact that in certain instances the propensity to crime appears duo to organisa tion and not to social accidents; all I contend for is —first, that this class forms a minority, and probably a small one • next, that e y e here a cure ma y some ti mes b e effected. Where the intellect is weak good influences will work upon it, at least, meeting with little active resist tance ; where it is acute, the disgrace, the outlawry, the misery of a life of crime may commonly be made intelli gible; and thus in neither case is there reason for absolute despair. There is still a third class with whom managers of reformatories will have occasioually to deal, though perhaps it would be better that they should not—l mean the class-of casual offender--of youths who have been led into what the law designates as crime on some single occa sion, but whose general tendencies and habit, are good, and with regard to whom the process of reformation is com paratively easy. I name these only because the mention of them gives me an opportunity of sugges ti ng , f or th e consideration of law reformers, an improved classification of offences. To have been in gaol iu England is a serious thing; the stigma clings to a man fo r lif e . N o a ll owance , or very little, is m a d e for youth, for temptation, for igno rance; self-respect is destroyed, and, once destroyed, it is not easily created anew. NOW, lam not come here with a settled plan, but it seems to me that in case of very small offences we might use fines as a punishment more than we do—they are felt as a very real punishment, though not a disgraceful ono in the same sense in which it is disgraceful to be sent to gaol, taking care that a sufficient term were allowed for the payment of the fine, or allowing it to be paid by degrees, so that it might not become imprisonment under another name. This by the way. Well, then, what is it that reformatories can do for their inmates, and with what hope of success ? They can do this. They can remove the boy from contaminating associations, they can teach him habits of cleanliness, temperance, industry; they can give him what in 99 cases out of 100 he has never had be fore—a chance in life—a fair start in the world. They can insure his having addressed to him, probably for the first time, words of judicious kindness. They can show him what is the social state of those who live in violation of the law; so that if, in later years, he chooses that career, he does it with full knowledge of the consequeuce to himself. They render impossible henceforth that reproach to 1 a w and to society which arises when a convicted criminal can say with truth to his j edges, " You punish me, but you never taught me." " But," I may be told, " some part of your work will always be wasted; there must be utterly hope less cases." I suppose there will be ; but, even as regards these, is there no gain ? You can't mend them ; admit the fact. Bat at least you keep them from corrupting others, as well as from plundering in their own persons. It is the boy, not the man, who has most influence on the younger boy. I hoard of a single lad in a reformatory not far from here, who, before being sent there, had trained eight expert thieves. Think what a few such youths at large may do, and the ss. a-week of their keep looks very small in comparison. One caution be fore I leave this part of the subject. Don't let there be any, even the slightest, confusion between the refor mation of the young and th e a tt emp t e d re formation of grown-up men and women. I sa y no thi ng as to the feasibi lity of the lait attempt; I assert only that the two things differ not only in degree, but in kind. A man of ripe age t cannot plead utter ignoranc e . H e k nows a t least what he world thinks of his doings. In the majority of instances his habits are formed. In the majority of instances his in clinations,e whatever they were a t first, have become,i as guilty as his acts. T o c h ange i s f or him most ffio ult. Honour to those who end eavour t o h e lp him, but difficult. Honourfailures they most expect, and for their failures we cannot be, we are not., held accountable. Turning to experience, such as we have, the result appears fully as favourable as theory would lead us to exp ec t. At M e ttray SS per cent by ono account, 89 per cent. by another, of the inmates ent out into the world are doing well. These percentages are taken from reports o f l as t y ear (1855), when ¶:00 youths hail passed through the institution. Of the 11 per cent. who had relapsed (vagrancy being reckoned as a relapse, with out proof of actual crime) ono fourth, or about 21, per cent., had recovered their lost position. At Rod-hill, where 720 boys have been discharged since the opening of the school in 1e49 228 being inmates at the present time Mr. Turner states that 70 per cent. have been reclaimed, adding that, of all who have left there, the emigrants hav( done best, and that the proportion of relapses among those is lower than among those who stay at home. In the Glas gow- House of Refuge, out of 400 85 per cent. have been reclaimed. lam afraid these are the only authentic facts which I can give. The continental reformatories, except Alettray, do not supply precedents, breauee most of them appear to take in vagrant and destitute as well as positively criminal children. With respect to the danger of encourag ing parents to put their children in the way of admission to reformatories, by holding out advantages which the inno cent do not possess—of course, if that result follows, yoe will be doing more harm than good. The precautions b? which that clangor may be averted aro two—first, the lay ing down, as has been done, of a stringent rule, and the enforcing its ga is Wing 4=OY awry pooaible mans, that a '4 1