The Sun. — London, England, 1861-04-10 00:00:00

THE WELLINGTON, 160, PICCADILLY. —Gentlemen are respectfully informed that the SALOON DINING ROOMS are now OPEN for the Supply of LUNCHEONS and DINNERS, from One to Nine o'clock THOMAS PRICE, Superintendent. THEA TR g-ROYAL, HAYMARKET, Lessee. Mr. J. B. Backstme. THIS EVF,NING, the performances will women/4e with A DUK E IN OIFFICULTIES. Mrs. Stirling, Miss F. Baydon, Mrs. Wilkins, Miss Fanny Stirling, Mr. Buckstone, Mr. Compton, Mr. Howe, cte. After which, will he revived, with entirely new scenery and effects, and all the original music by the late Sir Henry Bishop, the melodrama of THE MILLER AND HIS MEN. Commence at 7. THEATRE -ROYAL LYCEUM , Bois Lessee and Directress, Madame CELESTE. Decided Success of the Two New Dramas. THIS EVENING, LOVERS' QUARRELS. After which, a new original comic drama, written by Sami. Lover, Esq., entitled MAC CARTHY MORE ; or, Possession Nino Points of the Law. John Drew, J. Johnston, Forrester, J. Rouse, Medlin ; Misses Rawlings, Hudspeth, &c. To conclude with a new drama, NEW YEAR'S EVE ' • or, The Belle of the Season. Messrs. H. Neville, Villiers, Jas. Johnstone, J. Rouse ; Mrs. Wlnstanley, Miss Ma ilda Heron Miss Willard, &c. ROYA L PRINCESS'S THEATRE.- Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Farris. THIS EVENING, THRICE MARRIED. Messrs. Shore, Meadows, Garden, and Miss C. Leclercq. Followed by HAMLET. Hamlet. Mr. Fechter. Sup ported by Messrs. Ryder, He rMaffil Veen, Graham, Shore, Meadows, &e. ; 3lisses Heath, R. Leclercq, and Elsworthy. NEW THEATRE-ROYAL , ADELPHI.- Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, AN UGLY CUSTOMER. Messrs. J. L. Toole, C. Selby, and Warde ; Miss K. Kelly, and Miss E. Thorne. To be followed by the new drama, MAGLIORE, THE PRESTIDIGITAI 0 Messrs. B. Webster, J. L. Toole, D. Fis h er , &,e. ; Miss K. Kelly, Miss H. Simms, dm. Atter which, OUR GAL. Miss Julia Daly, Mr. Romer, Mr. Eburne, and Mr. Warde. Doors open at half past B—Commence at 7. CANTERBURY -HALL CONCERTS!! Westminster-road. Proprietor ........C. Morton. A Grand Selection from Verdi's new Opera, IL CORSARO, (This opera has never been produced in this or any other country, except at these Concerts). having met with that de tided success which charactise the most popular works of this great Master, will be performed EVERY EVENING ; together with a Selection from LA FIGLIA DEL REGGI MENTO, by Donizetti, Principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Madame Maria, Miss Tyrrell, Mr. H. Herbert, Signor Tivoli, H. Drummond, and C. W. Bernard. Director, Mr. F. Jonghmans. The Comic Department oomprises Messrs. E. Marshall, A. B. Hollingsworth, J. Blanchard, F. Bell, W. H. Welland, and the Brothers Conrad. John Martin's 'three celebrated Pictures will remain on view a short time longer in the Fine Arts Gallery of the Establishment. HIGH. WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tats DAY.—Morning, 2h. Bm.—Afternoon, 2h. 24m. To-mounow.-Morning, 2h. 38m.—Afternoon, 2h. 56m. THE WEATHER.-SUN OYFICZ, APRIL 10, 1861. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 48—highest since noon yesterday. 35—lowest this morning and during the night. 4S—this day at noon. BanoxtnTEß-30.58. WlND—Northerly—light; with fine cool weather.! .tal? , - • p c igt , ~, , ..1.-.- . ,-;--, ,J I • 4,, ~ _ _... ...,,,, ' r! ' j . 1,4 .* , ' ' ' :A . 7.t t : • - '1 -, , ' : . , ' ..: , 7 7r 3 } 4' . , ( 1)7, ,5,...„,::_,,_c„..... 4 ._ .1„,;.. ,„...,it,,, ~,.,_,,,..ir.1....,,,!,a 5 2fr , 's ~,,. s. - -' . 4 4Z Liz,' , ' ill, i' . — 1.4i:•,: - .2 •11 0 • 4 ;,,,6, f a r ' ••,..,:,..,. ‘,..._____,., 7 --1— ___. ~.-.., TIIE SUN. LONDON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 10, 18M The news from Warsaw of this morning will be a shock to Europe. The details and explanations will be awaited with impatience, and with fears for the worst, What does it indicate of the past ? What does it mean for the future ? Have GORTS CHAROFF and ALEXANDER 11. really been pursuing the atrocious policy of CONSTANTINE and NICHO LAS, thirty years ago ? Has there been a studied design to lure and provoke the Poles to deeds which should give a pretext for a policy of blood repres sion ? Have the haughty taunts and " gracious" promises which have mingled strangely in the Imperial and official communications been in tended to embolden and irritiate into what despots call disorder? We are unwilling to believe ALEXANDER a NICHOLAS, though we do not forget the uncalled • for severity of his language when the Polish nobles presented their address on his first visit after his accession to the throne. We own ourselves perplexed by the apparent folly which could perpetrate the bloody outrage which we have to record this morning. From the slight accounts yet received, there ap pears to have been nothing to justify it. The po pulace were excited, it is true, and were assembled in large numbers, but they were entirely un armed. They would hardly have given the provocation which ,could require armed men to act against the unarmed. The immediate occasion appears to have been-the forcible suppres sion of the Agricultural Association ; because, as a combination of the most respectable citizens of the • Kingdom orPoland, although its object was so purely social, it yet was a body unconnected with the Government t but a body of great social in fluence. - It was, however, a thoroughly orderly, prudent; and Peaceful body, and might well have been made use of by the Government for the best of purposes. That the people should resent its suppression, and also that of the Delegation of Citizens who undertook to preserve the public peace, was natural; and it would seem that nothing but mere blood-thirstiness could resolve on the bloody revenge which followed the popular mani festations of displeasure. It is not easy to see what the CZAR can hope to gain by writing kind things and doing barbarous ones. Having commenced the emancipation of his Russian serfs, and joined the Polish nobles in their plans to emancipate their own ; having promised, to the ear, to restore Polish nationality, education, and, at least, municipal Government, having declared his intention to act " as a father" towards Poland, what can this sudden act of brutality mean? It must render far more difficult any amelioration of the civil institutions of Poland ; and it must leave heart-burnings where better hopes were begin. ing to be cherished. But how will it tell on the Governments of Europe ? The Russian represen tatives to them have just been authorised to apprise them of the gracious intentions of the CZAR towards his Polish subjects ; what a horrible comment will this be on their communications. What will France do P-- France—to whose consul at Warsaw the Poles resorted after the seemingly more casual cruelty of February. LOUTS NAPOLEON must, from his recently assumed position as the friend of nationalities, at least remonstrate ; and the talked of Alliance with Russia will become an . impossibility. Can it be that the CZAR and the HAPSBURG understand each other, and that the former means to give the latter an example of the 'way in which he must deal with the Hungarian Diet should it prove too unmanageable. View the Painful intelligence from Warsaw how we will, the deed seems as cruel as we hope, in the present state of Europe it will prove useless and foolish for the purposes of despots. Even if all Europe should be so heartless as to stand by and witness a repetition of the atrooiti,a of NICHOLAS, deeds like these will revive, not crush out, the spirit of Polish nation ality. and.will coral r ul the growinit opinion that the iightS of nation % and •-- t n , c2t : the bloody suppre,s of these rights, suppres sion '—only Enc.. , for stab.e peaco n Eurz,pe. Monday evenlag •Pext tho or n otn mons is to listen -to Mr.•GLAbsloNe s net financial • statement. More than one entire tweive)3 lo „ thliaa now elapsed since the first of his many Budget 0.1 last year, the Budget, the notorious Budget of the 10th of February. vri r ..l be remernb;.rdd only too painfully vat a wonderful displayi d financial over-cleverness that was ! It will be remembered how, after frightening his hearers with an imaginary deficit of between nine and ten millions sterling (£9,400,000), Mr. GLAD STONE elaborately explained to them, with an immense array of figures (that his admirers oddly called eloquence), slowly, minutely, and with the most extraordinary amplitude of calculation explained to them how, thanks to himself, thanks to his marvellous skill as a financier, to his consummate and superlative ability as the greatest of all England's Chancellors of the Exche quers, that imaginary deficit of £9,400,000 was to be conjured into a clear surplus of—at the very least—nearly half a million. Mr-GLADSTONE, in fact, set down his prospective surplus at the modest figure of £464,000 or thereabouts. We all know the result—that surplus of £464,000 has turned out after all to be quite as imaginary as the exaggerated deficit of £9,400,000 this extraordinary genius pre tended he had to deal with! Never has there been a more absurd, a more egregious, a more lamentable, or a more disastrous anti-climax heard of at the Treasury. The country was given to understand that Mr, GLADSTONE was to effect wonders by the novel system of finance unfolded by him through the medium of his Great Speech on the 10th of February, 1863, in that the first of his series of Financial Statements during the last session of Parliament. Well—in one sense—he certainly has performed " wonders" with a vengeance by means of his new fiscal and financial arrangements. The Arcadian Treaty of Commerce between England and France—the Treaty negotiated by Mr. COBDEN and announced with so sonorous a flourish of trumpets by Mr. GLADSTONE (4rcades ambo)— will probably, " some time hence," be productive of all those advantages which it has been predicted will accrue from it for certainty. That is, if the halcyon Alliance between the two countries (of whose perpetual union this Commercial Treaty, we presume, is to be regarded as the Marriage Settle ment) be not in the meantime knocked on the head by the thundering broadsides of the " Gloires" and the " Warriors !" Eventually, no doubt, in that contingency, all the good promised to result from this Treaty will result from it as promised. But, meanwhile, we know for absolute certainty that the operation of the Treaty, as yet, has been pro ductive of nothing but the most disastrous and afflicting disappointments. So far as any benefits from it to the revenue are concerned, the vines from which we are obtaining these delectable French wines might be productive of nothing else but— Sour Grapes. We can't get at them. They are beyond our reach : and the result is, that the Chancellor of the Exchequer has still to deal with deficit upon deficit, the French Commercial Treaty to the contrary nevertheless notwithstanding. Again as to those amazing little " Godsends"—as the country on the 10th of February, 1860, was taught to regard them by Mr. GLADSTONE—as to those delightful little discoveries of his, the waifs and strays of commerce going about in search of a Collector, the pennies to be levied upon this and upon that turn and twist in the labyrinth of trade Something like those delicious roast pigs wandering about in No-man's Land with a silver knife and fork stuck in the crackling of each of them-- grunting temptingly "Come and Eat me 1" Well —even Mr. GLADSTONE himself knows by this time—how completely the " Godsends " promised through those pennies owe their existence to his own lively imagination. The Chancellor of the Exchequer—in anticipation of his approaching speech of Monday, his forthcoming Financial State- ment—had the satisfaction yesterday of receiving a memorial from the merchants, brokers, and traders of the port of London, entreating him " that whatever taxation the State may require should be raised in the mode least onerous and annoying to the class from which it has to be obtained"— earnestly trusting at the same time that under any and every circumstance "provision may be made for the total abolition of the before mentioned small vexatious duties in the forthcoming Financial Statement, as," the words are worth noting, they are the closing words of this important memorial —" as being alike [these small duties, these odd pennies picked up here and there by Mr. GLADSTONE] annoying and obstructive to trade and commerce without adequate advantage to the revenue !" This, from the mer chants, brokers, and traders of London ! This, upon the close of a whole year's trial of one among Mr. GLADSTONE'S rash and ridiculous financial experi ments. According to his Great Speech of last year, ' his Budget speech of the 10th of February, these pennies were to pour gold abundantly into the ' national coffers without anybody being con scious of its abstraction ! It turns out to be little else than an abstraction of another kind altogether. The merchants of London prove every word they utter in condemnation .of these vexatious, annoying, and obstructive duties, in the course of their memorial. They hesitate not in the midst of that memorial, to remind Mr. GLADSTONE that a quarter of a century has elapsed since the total abolition of dues like those very dues revived last year at his instigation revived by him —although abolished five and twenty years previously, as " unwise and impolitic.' The object of taxation has been well de scribed as the production of the largest amount of revenue with the infliction upon the payers of taxation of the least possible amount of inconvenience. Both of which objects these new taxes of Mr. GLADSTONE'S contrivance manage with wonderful adroitness not to attain ! They produce results in the shape of additions to the revenue quite ludicrously inadequate —while at the same time inflicting upon the payers of these wretched pennies the utmost possible amount of inconvenience. Conspicuous among the vexations caused to trade and commerce by Mr. GLADSTONE'S amazingly abortive contrivance there are enumerated [by the merchants of London recollect ! men not given to complaining, like this, without sufficient \ reason for doing so]—sl great consumpti on o f t i me (ti me in English trade and com merce being a (synonym of money) a dreadful amount, of what reads oddly in this merchants' memorial as " clerical labour," and constant delays consequent upon perpetually recurring, and, under this miserable infliction wholly unavoidable, errors of calculation. So much for some among the nu merous inconveniences imposed by these new taxes upon the taxpayers, that is to say upon the various mercantile houses engaged in carrying on the trade and commerce of England. Now for the fruits of these taxes to the revenue, a result described in the memorial with the strictest accuracy as "an utterly inadequate compensation." Take one of them— the penny stamp on units sf entry, which Mr. GLADSTONE predicted would produce at the most moderate computation £300,000 .-- it h as just barely yielded £130,000 ! And it has done even this, only through annoyances defined iu the memorial as most "intricate, vexatious,and obstructive." Again, the pennystamp on delivery orders, which impost Mr. GLADSTONE promised would produce at the very least £lOO,OOO It ha s literally brow •, produced—not £lOO,OOO, not £lo,ooo—it hasiterally ralig'at to the revenue a miserable littl e e : ne4llln g a° l4 of £,000! And even this—How? TaE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAYiI EVnTING, APRIL 10, 1861. By being p r olific in delays, contentions, and that is, German soldiers, from Itungary, 80,000 difficulties of collection. Added to which, this of wh om now watch over their freedom one penny tax alone has been productive fax) of of discussion ; they may recall the Hungarian sol another delightful consequence—" raising nice dicers -not a man of whom can l ega lly qu it Hun little points of law," says the memorial, " gary without the leave of the Diet — an d th us p ara - ' little points of law as to ownership." So that se -the army which now, with M r . R OEBUCK ' S Mr. GLADSTONE may at least lay that flattering goo:Pwill, but not with th e goo d w ill o f Sh e ffi e ld - unction to his soul—he has ingeniously contrived and England, tramples V ene ti a under foot—with a tax which, while it is pr o lific o f w orry and annoy- out ove. rstepping the line marked out by a succes ance to the general trade and commerce of the sion of sc. slemn treaties, an d w hi c h a ll l ega l Ki ngs o f country, while it is productive to the revenue of no Hungary Lave sworn to observe, they can d eman d more than one little ludicrous item of £5,000, has freedom, autOnomy, a merely personal union with actually tended to increase the litigiousness of our the rest of the Empire, and all that belongs to a mercantile population. There is yet another of these free, constitutional, brave, and independent dreadful little taxes applied to trade and commerce kingdom. in this country that we may yet venture to parti- And the truth is, that nothing lest; than all these cularise. It is Mr. GLADSTONE'S memorable three- rights can make the Hungarians safe in connection penny stamp on Dock Warrants—a tax that he with the HAPSBURGS. Without an independent expected would bring, if not more than that, at Government, without an army bound to the king any rate £lOO,OOO ! Again,—here he has shown dom when the Diet demands it, and without an that he has so ridiculously miscalculated that the Exchequer absolutely under their own control, the threepenny stamp on Dock Warrants, so far never-dying treachery and despotism of the dynasty from bringing in £lOO,OOO, has brought in less might revive at any moment, might plot their ruin than merely £lo,ooo—has brought in just barely while making the fairest professions, and might £9,000 ! And this, forsooth, is England's Master- mind as a Financier ! Could we but induce ourselves to arrive at the same conelosion, to regard Mr. GLADSTONE as his infatuated admirers regard him —i,e , as England's Master-mind as a Financier— we should certainly have to arrive at another con- elusion immediately afterwards—namely, that the country is trembling upon the verge of national bankruptcy. The Great Hungarian Struggle has now reached a crisis, at which it may well concentre on itself the interest of all free Europe, and of all in Europe that longs to be free. Last Saturday is a day that is not likely to be soon forgotten. It is one of the days which will be an era in history. On that day not only did the first representative assembly for the whole Austrian Empire meet at Vienna, and local assemblies in Bohemia, Styria, Salzburg, and elsewhere, but the Diet of Hungary, the oldest constitutional assembly in Europe, con siderably older than our own, met also; and met after a suppression of twelve years, by an Emperor who presented the evidence at this very meeting of his being a self-convicted usurper. It is even a more notable resurrection of constitutional life than that of the British Parliament of 1640, which was the first after a similar interval, as nearly as possible, of about twelve years. It would almost seem as if in constitutional countries ten or twelve years was about the time after which the necessities of a would-be despotic monarch com pelled him to summon again the dreaded repre sentatives of his misgoverned subjects. Singu:ar indeed would it be, if the HAPSBURG should imitate the STUART—should dissolve his Parliament almost as soon as he had summoned it—find himself com pelled after six months to summon it again— inaugurate thus a Hungarian Long Parliament— and,—but historic parallels are better after the event, than in anticipation. We can only say that if poor CHARLES' perjury, treachery, and cruelty, justly cut off his head, the HAPSBURG of Hungary may be thankful, indeed, to keep his on his shoulders. It is remarkable that the Diet was inaugurated on the part of the Hungarians by a touching com memoration of the blood shed by one of their noblest patriots, and through that atrocious mingling of the basest treachery and the most relentless barbarity which seems the instinct of the HAPSBURGS, and of the more brutal Germans, whom they select as their councillors and agents. It is not so long ago but that great numbers of our readers will remember, that Count Louis BATTHYANI went as a delegation from the Diet with other deputies to WINDISCHGRATZ to treat for peace. His nobility, his high standing, and the modera tion of his liberalism made him confident that bis personal influence would do much towards securing a better treaty. Coming on this sacred miEsion, and with perfectly pure hands, in the eye of the law, and of legal relations between the Crown and the Diet—he was seized as a traitor. He was not, however, murdered at once—not till the HAPSBURGS, equally cowardly and cruel, had crushed.,Hungary by the aid of the fiend NICHOLAS did they venture to imbrue their hands in his blood. Then they sentenced him, one of Hungary's first nobles, to be hung—hung with so many other patriots, by the wretch who delighted in add ing insult to cruelty. The noble, in despair, at tempted to cut his throat with a penknife—and the wretches impatient foi' his blood, and having shame enough left to shrink from hanging him in this condition, accomplished their work with the sol dier's musket ! This was the patriot noble whose funeral eulogy no less a personage than Prince ESTERHAZY pronounced at the Hungarian inau guration of the Diet of 1861. BATTIIYANI'S blood will speak throughout all Hungary like the blood of ABEL. May the CAINS who shed it soon be vagabonds on the face of the earth ! But first came the proofs of the prolonged usur pation. KOSSUTH has always contended that FRANCIS JOSEPH was but a pretended King of Hungary. FRANCIS JOSEPH has now himself put ;hat fact past doubt. KOSSUTH has but to obtain from Pesth certified copies of the papers just laid before the Diet to prove, one would think, to the satisfaction of Lord JOHN RUSSELL, of Sir GEORG E CORNEWALL LEWIS, of Sir RICHARD MAYNE, of even the mysterious "policeman," and finally of Sir JOHN STUART himself, that the plaintiff, who sought British aid against the exiled but legal Dictator, was not King of Hungary. Setting aside KOSSUTH'S claim, there was a hereditary claimant whose title was so unimpeachable that FRANCIS JOSEPH goes on his knees to his illused uncle— unless, indeed, he used more violent methods—and gets him at the eleventh hour to renounce the crown of Hungary, as he had previously done renew the work of blood. It seems, to come to this. that of Austria. To think of all the villanies and cruelties perpetrated by the young usurper, liberally aided by the spite of German states men—who were jealous of the personal superiority which constitutional liberty had stamped on the Yung - trians as freemen and soldiers—makes even us foreigners shudder at what we know. What must Hungarians feel? They are, it is true, a for giving race, a noble, a confiding race ; but -they can hardly be so deluded as again to trust them selves without the best securities to the hands of Hungary must deal with her HM'SBURGS as we dealt with our STITA.RTS, or she must render them powerless in her hands. E j T NEWS. TELEGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE. TURIN, APRIL 9. In to•day's sitting of the Senate, Signor Vacca put the interpella tion in reference to Rome of which he had previously given notice. Count Cavour, in his reply, said : " In the Roman question the Italian Government can only employ moral means, and cannot act against Rome as a conqueror." Count Cavour admitted that the solution of the Neapolitan question was bound up with the Roman question, and that it was necessary for the tran quillity of the Southern provinces that the antago nism between the State and the Church should cease shortly. " The Government," he continued, " will ener getically suppress any disorders at Naples, but the most efficacious means to that end would be the solution of the Roman question. The hopes which I recently expressed have not diminished," Count Cavour then maintained that the Italians were not only liberal, but as much Catholics as the French and the Belgians. The Chamber then almost unanimously adopted the following order of the day proposed by Signor Matteucci " The Chamber, having confidence in the Govern ment, and acknowledging the necessity for the union of Rome to Italy, in accomplishing which, however, the grandeur and independence of the Church and the Pope will be guaranteed, passes to the order of the day." In the same sitting Count Cavoar, in reply to an interpellation, gave a formal denial to the rumours of an intended cession of the island of Sardinia to France. NAPLES, APRIL 9. A searching inquiry relative to the late re actionary attempt is being prosecuted. Several individuals, bearers of important papers, have been arrested. The conspiracy was well organised. The unimportant manifestation at Naples in favour of Prince Murat has had no result. PRAGUE, WEDNESDAY. The Bohemian Diet has adopted a resolution praying for a general amnesty. ST. PETERSBURG, WEDNESDAY. The Journal de St. Petersbourg of to-day pub lishes the following telegram, dated Warsaw, April 8 : " Great crowds of people having assembled be fore the Castle were dispersed by force. " The conflict was renewed several times. Ten persons were killed, and as many wounded, Five soldiers were killed. Forty-five persons have been arrested." ITZEHOE, APRIL 9, EVENING. A secret sitting of the Estates took place to-day for the final discussion of the report of the com mittee on the Danish proposals. All the comclusions of the committee were unani mously agreed to. BARCELONA, 4PRI,L 9, EVENING. The great Lyceum Theatre of Barcelona is on fire. The flames have spread to the neighbouring houses. VIENNA, APRIL 9. Yesterday the Emperor signed a patent law for Protestants in the Slavo-German provinces of the Empire. the .accursed dynasty, the authors of all their woes, and the constant rewarders of forgiveness and generosity with impl aca bl e crue lt y. How the Hungarians will meet the proffer of abdication from FaRDINAND V. remains to be seen. By law he cannot be discharged from his duties, but by the consent of the Diet. If they see fit to do so. they have abundant reason to delay that =cent. .suppo7e all to go smoothly I7Prr, though we arc told there were many bittct" remar k s on the date of the abdication, th e vit a l question cannot be long evaded. The KING must nominate a Palatine out of three persons named to him by Ow-Diet; then he must Prepare b y the diploma, or coronation decd, to recognise the full rights of Hungary ; to consent to a separate Hun garian Ministry, and to an inel:Tendent vote of su:•- plies and troops by the Hungarian Diet ; they nay then legally insist on the witiadra - wing of foreign, The leading features are—=complete independence in religious and educational matters ; Presbyterian form of Church government, but with a Consistory formed of Protestants nominated by the Emperor ; the right to build churches with steeples and bells, and to acquire property in all the provinces. Matri monial matters are for the present to be treated in accordance with the laws of the Civil Code. On the whole, the law is as liberal as can reason. ably be expected. WARSAW, TUESDAY MORNING. Yesterday popular demonstrations again took place in the streets of this city. The military dispersed the people by force, kill ing and wounding a great number. To-day the city is filled with troops. TUESDAY AFTERNOON. The great popular de:nonstrations which tool: place yesterday was occasioned by the dissolution of the Agricultural Society. A large but unarmed crowd appeared before the Castle. The cavalry charged and the infantry fired on the people, killing and wounding upwards of 100. The following diplomatic correspondence, refer ring to the assumption by King Victor Emmanuel of the title of " King of Italy," has been received : "Berne, March 23. " To his Excellency the President of the Federal Council. " Your Excellency,—The National Italian Par liament has passed a !aw, which has been sanc tioned by his Majesty the King of Sardinia, in virtue of which Victor Emmanuel H. assumes for himself and his successors the title of • King of By thi3 act, is declared solemnly, and according to the constitutional forms of law, the re-organisa tion of a nation which will henceforth be recognised as u I 1 by Europe. I'ossessing the sympathies of the most en lightened peoples, Italy now takes a place among the powers with the confidence of becoming an ad ditional element in guaranteeing general order and security. uuderaiBfled, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of his Majesty, in acquit ting himself, by order of his Government, of the pleasing' mission of notifying this important event to his :excellency M. Knusel, President of the Federal Council esteems himself happy to be able to express his confidence that the sentiments of the King's - Government will be reciprocated by the Federal Council. Besides the many common inte rests which unite the two countries for the present and the future, he finds a guarantee for this confi dence in the magnanimous sentiments of the Swiss people, who adhere so firmly to the principle of independence, a principle on which the Government of the King is likewise founded. "The undersigned takes this opportunity, &c. (Signed) " SOCTEAU, " Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of King Victor Emmanuel to Switzerland." In reply to the above note, the Federal Council addressed the following to its minister at Turin : ' Sir,—The Commander Jocteau, by his note of the 2d March, has informed us that the National Parliament has passed a law, also sanctioned by the King of Sardinia, according to which King Victor Emmanuel 11. has assumed for himself and his successors the title of King of Italy.' " In forwarding to you a copy of this note we herewith instruct you to be good enough to thank the Government of King Victor Emmanuel for that communication, and to express our satisfaction at the friendly sentiments expressed by his Majesty's Government on that occasion towards Switzerland. " Switzerland, on her part, will not fail to loyally do her utmost to maintain and strengthen, under the altcred international situation, the friendly relations which have hitherto existed between two neigh bouring countries, " Accept, &c., &c." (Here follow the signatures of the members of the Federal Council.) BERNE, APRIL 9. The French Government has received with the greatest readiness the overtures of Dr. Kern in reference to the conclusion of a treaty of commerce between France and Switzerland, and has ordered the competent authorities to examine the details of the question. TURIN, APRIL 9. The supplementary elections, the result of which is at present known, show a great majority favour able to the Government. THE CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS. MALTA, APRIL 8, 11 A.M. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Pera, Captain Jamieson, has arrived here with the above mails. FRANCE. THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT AND THE PRIESTS. The Moniteur of yesterday contained the fol- lowing :.. " PARIS, APRIL 8. " The Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice, haa addressed the following circular to the Procu reurs General of the Imperial Courts of the em pire : " Monseur le Procureur General,—For some time past divers members of the Catholic clergy have been pointed out to me, who, verbally and by writing, treat publicly, and in the exercise of their functions, of matters which the law expressly in terdicts them from discussing. " Some, forgetting that the mission of the priest is to watch over the religious instruction of the faithful, take upon themselves to criticise the acts of the Government, exciting distrust and censuring the policy of the Emperor; others, yielding to the in fluence of a blind zeal, attack the person of the Sovereign, and under a veil more or less transparent seek to overwhelm him with abuse ; others again, taking advantage of the feeble-minded and credu lous, take pleasure in troubling their consciences by the announcement of imaginary evils. " Such abuses are provided against by the law, " ' Article 201 of the Penal Code "punishes with imprisonment of from three months to two years ministers of religion who pronounce, in the exercise of their functions, and in a public assembly, a dis course containing criticisms or censure on the Go verr.ment, on a law, on an imperial decree, or on any other act of the public authorities." " < In terms of article 204 of the same code, "any writing containing pastoral instructions, in what ever form it may be, and in which a minister of religion shall medd:e with, by criticism or censure, either the Government or any act or public autho rity, shall be punished by banishment of the minis ter who shall have published the same." "' If these dispositions, of which the present cir cumstances demonstrate the wise lei esight, have not hitherto been made applicable, it is because until these latter times the attitude of the clergy has been generally respectful and reserved; it is also because the Government, in its indulgence, has chosen rather to tolerate isolated offences than to prosecute before the tribunals, to the detriment, perhaps, of religion itself, imprudent priests. But these dispositions have lost nothing of their autho rity, and the Government would fail in its duty if it did not employ against systematic hostility , directed towards it the arms with which it is en trusted by the law for the maintenance of peace and good order. ",' I charge you consequently, Monsieur le Pro cureur General, to give me an exact account of all infractions which may take place within your juris diction, and, when the facts shall be judicially esta blished, to bring their authors, whoever they may be, before the competent authorities. It is time that the law such resume its empire. " Receive, Monsieur le Procureur General, the assurance of my most distinguished consideration. " ' DELANGLE: " BOURSE, April 9.—The market has been heavy, and Stock having been rather offored by speculators desirous of realising, prices have receded. Threes, for the Account, are now at 67f 55c. Railways also heavy. The following were the last quotations:— ft per per Cents ... 95 25 Credit 1 oncier — Do end month.... 95 25 i Belgian 4f 3 per Cents Do. end month 67 55 ' Roman Bank Shares .. 2897 50 Austrian Credit Mobilier.... 642 501 Spanish Threes — Do. Account 645 —1 Home Debt ...... 47 RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1332 50 .. 1335 Northern New ditto - — -- Lyons and Mediterranean 947 50 .. 950 Geneva 390 .. 391 25 Southern 540 .. 541 25 Western ..., .. Eastern Sardinian 367 50 .. Au stri an Lorebard , 455 .. 456 25 ITALY. A letter from Turin of the 6th, in the Independ- ante, says:— " Several regiments of cavalry, and among others the Lancers of Florence, who have been in garri son in this city, have been sent off to-day to rein force the troops on the frontier. What is more, the Minister of War, General Fanti, is endeavouring to reconstitute that Southern army, of which he was supposed to be the deadly enemy. The four diviC:ms of which it was composed will be re established under the Command of their former Generals, Thxio, Medici, Siteri, and Turr. It is even ^aid that they will he stationed on the Po from Piacenza to Ferrara. The Minister of Finance will in a few days present a bill authorising the negotiation of a loan, the amount of which will exceed all expectation, being 500 millions." It is supposed that the new arrangements of the Bank of England for obviating the necessity for closing the transfer books preparatory to the payment of the dividend will come into operation on the let of June next. In that case all the parties holding stock on the morning of the lst of Juno will be entitled to the dividend which will fall due ou the Oth of July, TILE NAVY. The Duke of Somerset, as First Lord of the Ad miralty, will hold his fourth levee this season to morrow, at the Admiralty, Whitehall. The lower masts and bowsprit of the Warrior, 40, mail-clad steamer, :having been completed at Chatham Dockyard, have been sent to the Victoria. Docks to be put on board the Warrior by the sheer hulk, which left Chatham for that purpose on Monday, The Challenger, 22, screw corvette, 400-horse power, has been taken into No. 1 dock at Sheerness to complete fitting for the steam reserve. The Surly, 2, screw gunvessel, 60 horse power, having completed her fitting at Sheerness, has been put out of No. 5 dock, which is now occupied by the Thrasher, 2, 60 horse power, in order that she may undergo a thorough overhaul and repair. The Leander, 51, 400 horse power, in the steam basin at Sheerness, has nearly completed her fit ments, and is in a very advanced state. Since this vessel has been lengthened she is one of the finest of the class of 51-gun frigates in the British navy. The paddlewheel steam sloop Sampson, 6, Capt. George S. Hand, C. 8., and the paddlewheel steam frigate Magicienne, 16, Capt. John E. Commerell, both from China, are expected shortly to arrive at Plymouth. The screw steam corvette Jason, 21, Capt. von Donop, left Plymouth on Monday for North Ame rica and the West Indies. The screw steam gunvessel Nimble, 5 - Lieut. D'Arcy, left Plymouth on Monday to joi:e the screw steam ship Nile, 90, Capt. Edward Ye. Barnard, flag of Rear-Admiral Sir Alexander Milnes, K.C.8., at present in the West Indies. The screw steam Gunboat Cockatrice, 3, from Woolwich, arrived on Monday at Plymouth and proceed into Thanpool. When the gunboat Redwing, tender to the gun nery sh.ip Cambridge, 42, Capt. Jerningham, went on Monday from Harnoaze into the Sound, Rear- Admiral of the White, Robert Smart, K.H., com manding the Western Division of the Channel Flesi, with several of his officers and men, were in her to witness the shot practice. The iron screw steam troopship Megaara, 6, Commander S. H. Henderson, has been some time expected at Plymouth to embark artillery. Two Dutch ships of war, 14 days from Gibraltar, under canvas, were spoken by the Plymouth pilot boat Whisper, off Star Point, on Monday morning at 10 o'clock, when they got up steam for Ports mor; th. Preparations are being made at Messrs. Palmer's works, at Jarrow-on-the-Tyne, for the launch of the Defiance iron-plated war vessel on Saturday. She will be removed into the Tyne dock to be finished, and it is stated that there is a prospect of a vessel of similar proportions to the Defiance being imme diately set on at Jarrow. Her Majesty's steam troopship Rhadamanthus, Master Commander Sturdee, yesterday sailed from Woolwich, laden with boilers and machinery for the Black Prince at Glasgow. The War Department screw steam storeship Balaklava, Mr. W. Pellatt commander, having undergone repairs in hull and machinery, and a removal of her engines forward so as to afford addi tional stowage room, left Woolwich yesterday to be adjusted at Greenhithe for Portsmouth, to dis charge her cargo, consisting of miscellaneous stores from the military store department of Woolwich Arsenal. The War Department sloop Lord Vivian yesterday commenced shipping from Woolwich Arsenal a battery of guns and armament complete for Dartmouth. The following transports have been chartered by the War Department to ship stores from Woolwich for stations abroad—viz., Northern Light, Doon, Northumberland, Mary Smith, Mazurka, Heather Bell, Esmeralda, Wolfe, Juan, Henry Holman, Evangeline, Sea Breeze, Cairngorm, Jane, and Lord of the Isles. Of the six new screws gunboats ordered to be built at the gunboat yard at Haslar, three—the Minstrel, the Cherub, and the Netley—are getting well up in frame. The keels of two others, the Bruiser and the Orwell, are laid, and the blocks are prepared to receive the keel of the sixth. These boats will be 20 feet longer and two feet deeper than the largest of the old class, and will be of a much finer form in their bow and quarter. They will be fitted with condensing engines. But little change has occurred in this yard since the period of the Gunboat Commission. The Caroline and Mackerel are still on their blocks, and still " awaiting orders." The Cherokee, Whiting, Pea cock, and Brave have been timbered and partially planked. The Charger may be said to have been rebuilt. The Earnest and Escort have each had planks taken out above the former ones and their timbers further examined, the result confirming the decision formerly arrived at, that no vessels could be wished to be in a sounder condition. All vessels completed in their repairs have a plank removed fore and aft with shelf pieces, &c., opened up to admit a free current of air between the ves sel's timbers. The Tiny, Midge, Flirt, and Ready have not been further, interfered with, and, from their appearance, it is exceedingly doubtful whether they are fit for anything beyond breaking up. The mortar vessels have not been any further opened as yet, but they are believed to be in a fair condition. The naval estimates for the present year provide for the erection of a line of stores on the eastern side of the yard for the storing of the vessels masts and boats, with their gear. In consequence of the reduction of the number of hands employed in the Royal dockards, but 60 are now employed in the building and repairs of the gunboats at Haslar-53 shipwrights and seven apprentices. The Cygnet, 5, screw gun vessel, commenced masting yesterday in the steam basin at Ports mouth, for the first class reserve and probable com mission. A paddlewheel despatch steamer, to be named the Helicon, is ordered to be laid down in Ports mouth dockyard. She will be high-powered and of fine forth, designed to attain the greatest possible rate of speed. Such vessels would be an invaluable addition to the resources of an Admiral in command of a fleet in the Channel in time of war, and such is, doubtless, their intended use, should their ser- vices ever be required. The Osborne, Royal paddle yacht, Master-Com mander George K. Bower, receives her crew on board this morning from her hulk in Portsmouth harbour, and is expected to sail for Madeira on Friday. His Netherlands Majesty's ships Evertsen, 50 guns, screw, Capt. Vreeland, and Zeeland, 50 guns, screw, Capt. Fabius, the former bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral H. Wipff, arrived at Spithead at 1.30 p.m. yesterday from the Mediterranean, last from Port Mahon, from which place they sailed on the 17th of March. Immediately on anchoring, the frigates exchanged the usual honorary salutes with the Victory, flagship of the Commander-in-Chief at the port, Vice-Admiral H. W. Bruce, and with the saluting bastion of the fortress. Chevalier Van• denbergh, the Netherlands Consul at the port, paid an official visit to Admiral Wiiiff, on board his flagship at Spithead, and on leaving the frigate was saluted with seven guns. Capt. R. Conte, flag captain to Vice-Admiral Bruce, also waited upon Admiral Wiprf at Spithead. The ships will remain a day or two at Spithead to fill up coal, and then proceed on to the Texel. The passage to Spithead from Port Mahon was accompanied with strong westerly winds and thick fogs until making sound ings, when easterly 'winds were fallen in with and con tinued to Spithead. On the Ist of April, in lat. 38.8 N., long. 14.30 W., the following vessels were seen and spoken with :—The English bark Cornelia, from Sunderland; the English ship Pegasus, the French barks Manuel, of Bordeaux, and the Pro vidence, and the cchoonf?r Java Packet. On the Pith inst., the Lizard bearing north, signalled a Dutch ship, showing the Amsterdam College flag. Four of Martin's cupola furnaces, of a similar character to those on board her Majesty's ship Colossus, 80, screw, and the gunboat, Stork, have been received at Portsmouth, and will be placed in the batteries for the uurpose of supplying the guns with molten iron shells, the destructive character of which fearful missiles was fully demonstrated during the late experiments at Portsmouth, from the guns of the Excellent, on the Undaunted, target ship. The cupolas forwarded to Portsmouth are mounted on four wheels, and can thus be trans• ported to a battery in any portion of the works where their services may be required. Real-Admiral William Robertson died suddenly on Saturday last, at Bath. The deceased of f icer entered the navy in 1803, and took part in the battle of Trafalgar. After various services afloat he accompanied Capt. the Hon. Robert Stopford iu the Spencer, 74, in the expedition against CePen" hagen. He was taken prisoner, but escaped in May, 1809, and in August the same year joined the Victory, 100, flag ship of Admiral Sir James Sa il ; marez, in the Baltic. In January, 1818, he joined the Isabella, Captain J. Ross, in which vessel he was employed in exploring Baffin's Bay, and in" quiring into the probability of effecting a north' west passage to China. After serving on the Sout h American station, he joined the Galatea, as Fig Lieutenant to Admiral Sir T. M. Hardy, in 182 8, under whom he escorted to Lisbon a body of troops intended as a reinforcement to the Portuguese Con• stitutionalists. The late Rear-Admiral was ac tively employed up to 1837. His commissions bore date as follows :—Lieutenant, Feb. 10, 1810 ; Cora: wander, Nov. 12, 1827; Captain, Jan. 10, 1 837 ' and Rear-Admiral (retired), July 9, 1857. The following appointments were made yester' terday at the Admiralty :—George Patterson, Ine s. ter, to the Fisgard, for the Orion ; Chas.F. Gulliver, second master, to the Wye; James Cole, master's assistant, to the Narcissus; and Horatio W. 11 ' Rooystra, assistant paymaster, to the Jason. THE ARMY. His Royal Highness the General Commanding' in-Chief will hold a levee at the Horse Guards at 1 o'clock on Monday next, the 15th inst. The contract for the erection of the two large batteries which the Government has decided 0 ° building at Shornmeade, on the Kentish coasts and at Coalhouse Point, on the Essex shore, for the protection of that part of the entrance to the r iver Thames, in the place of the two small batteries for' merly placed on those points, has been taken 1/ Messrs. Brassey and Betts, who are to commence the works forthwith. A detachment of Royal Ar' tillery, under the command of Lieut. Thurlow, he° accordingly been employed at Coalhouse Point i° dismounting the guns on that battery in order that it may be taken down, but during the last fed days operations have been suspended in cense' quence of the difficulties which have arisen respect; ing the appropriation of the shot, shell, sad powder stored in the buildings. As there is building in the neighbourhood of the batteries il l which the powder can be stowed during the time the new batteries are being erected, it has been pr e " posed to place it on board the floating batterie s Etna and Thunderbolt, both of which will be ste" tioned in the Thames until the new fortificatios ° are completed. Both those floating batteries er e ' however, still at Chatham fitting, and consequentil the works at Coalhouse Point are at a complete standstill until the two steam batteries have er' rived. Nothing has yet been commenced a t the Shormeade battery. In order to afford still g reater, protection at Chatham dockyard an d th e vess els 0 ' war lying in harbour at that port, Government ha g decided on placing two powerful batteries on th e projections of land on both sides the Medway known as Folly Point and Bishop's-marsh, in addi tion to the extensive chain of fortifications hi; tended to be erected aroun d Ch at h am. The plan °' the defences to be built at Chatham has not yet been finally decided upon, and nothing definitely 119° been arranged respecting the system of fortiflee tinns to be adopted for the defence of that in3P o r; tant garrison and naval es t a bli s h mea t. It see° 3 _ probable, however, that th e recommen d a ti on of th e Commissioners on th e N a ti ona l D e f ences will b: adopted, with some amendments, and that the gar; rison and town will b e enc i rc l e d by seve n batteries, each connected by a chain of works, in order to protect the dockyard and garrison on all sides. Any positive announcement on the subject, however, would be premature, as the plans, even Of the proposed works, have not yet been prepared. Mr. C. Naylar, the Government contractor at Rochester, has entered into an arrangement wit h the War Department fOr the erection of a large range of buildings at Sheerness for married que r ; ters for the non-commissioned officers and men 0.1 the Royal Engineers, at an expense of £lO,OOO. THE WEATHER. METEOROLOGICAL REPORTS. This Day, etween 8 and B. E. M. D. F. C. L S. 9 a.m. ~... ____.- ----- 0 Nairn 30'24 50 46 S.S.W. 4 6 . 0 . 3 Aberdeen - S.W. 5 1 v. 3 Leith 30,0 60 45 S.W. 3 2 a 0 Berwick 30.42 45 42 W S.W. 2 9 a 5 Ardr, scan Poi tr sh ,„a Shields Galway , 30.43 48 47 S. 8 9 0. 0 Scarborough ! 30'55 42 39 W . S .W. 3 1 b. 0 Liverpool Valentia 13 0 ,16 47 146 S. 4 9 1: 11 . 3 Queenstown ' 30'50 50 4/ S.W. 4 5 o. g Yarmouth 30•62 44 142 S.E. 2 2 b. 0 . London 3O 58 44 40 E. s.E. 2 2 b. 8 hover 30'57 48 43 E.N.E. 8 1 b. 1 Portsmouth Portland Plymonth Penzance ..„...-; EXPLANATION.—B. Barometer, corrected an d red_u : c „ A __ _ EXPLANATION.—B. Barometer, corrected an d - . 11 eel . 0 0 -o 32 deg at me an sea l eve l ; each 10 fe e t o f vert i c al r l lO causing about 1-100th of an inch diminution, and each s, deg above 32 deg causing nearly 3-100ths increase. ( for Exposed thermometer in shade. M. M o i stened bulb 1/4„.., evaporation and dew-point). D. Directi on of wind (trimo not magnetic). F. Force (1 to 12—e s ti mated). C. C 1192)• (1 to 9). I. Initials :—b., blue sky ; c., clouds (detache w f., fog. ; h,, hail ; 1., lightni ng ; M., misty (h az y); (/' overcast (dull) ; r., rain ; s , snow ; t., thunder. A le tt! f f repeated augments—thus, r.r., much rain. S. Sea dista l( ance (1 to 9). COURSE OF EXCHANGE. —YESTERDAY. Amsterdam Ditto Uotterdam — 12 0 12 9i Antwerp . — 25 571 25 61 Brussels — 25 57i 25 62 Elamburgh Paris Ditto Marseilles — 25 672 25 7 .4 'A Frankfort on Maine — 119 119i 0 Vienna Trieste Petersburgh —. 331 Berlin Madrid Cadiz Leghorn Milan Genoa Naples Palermo 48$ 48f 48$ 43f 26 95 26 0 25 821 25 871 25 82k 25 871 39} s9l 117 1174 117 1174 52k 521 . 52i 63 Messina Lisbon Oporto Rio Janeiro New York • Foreign Gold in Bars (Standard) ....per oz. £3 17 • 9 Mexican Dollars ""ff 0 0 0 0 Silver in Bars (Sta n d ar d) 0 0 0 South American Doublons THE PRICE OF GOLD. The quotation of gold at Paris is about 3 per mille P re .., 164 and the short exch ange on L on d on is 2,1.37} per £1 steel On comparing these rates with the E ng li s h Mi nt pr i c e of to 17s. 100. per ounce for stand ar d go ld , it appears that gold about 6-10ths per cent. dearer in London than in Paris. „ r IC. By advices from Hamburg the price of gold is 426 per 1 11 1 . ,,,, and the short exchange on L on d on i s 13 .64 per £ 1 s tet l ; 0 1 Standard gold at the English Mi n t price is, therefore, 8/3 ' 4-10ths per cent. dearer in London than in Hamburg.l its git The course of exchange at Ne w Yo r k on L on d on for 01'010 60 days' sight is 1t74 to 108 f or fi rs t- c l ass bill s. Althouglim of shows the exchange to be against Engl an d, th e high r a " t bo interest in both countries, and the loss of time before r i t gold is received back from the A mer i can Mi n t s , reud: doubtful if any profit can be made at the present rat e sending gold to the United States. fishery extension and fish-mark e t i mprovemen t TUE DEEP SEA FISHING.—M r . D e mpster' n otorie f l' has latterly made a tour from Edinburgh to NO" ils , ti li eP e calling at all fishing statio ns a l ong th e coas t, urging' ' - d open boat fishermen to adopt decked welled vessels ofl decked trawlers, the same th a t are use d from the r ier Thames and the Humber for the deep sea fishings. 141:: Dempster sus—" The fishermen along the Northuulb.er land coast are far behind in improvements, having n othili' but slight shells of open cables to pursue their callitig:; Within the last six years the fishermen at Eyemoutb. au Burnmouth, Berwickshire, have built a new class of boater decked fore and aft, for the winter white fishing. Th e i have now about fifty of such craft , which is a step towaraill improvement in a right direction." Mr. Dempster says I,e observed everywhere along the coast there is a w atery,' want of deep water harbours, where fishing vessels can lay afloat at all times of tide. The harbours being all dry when the tide is low, boats have to lay aground for several howl out of every twelve, thereby preventing- the fishermen from putting to sea at any time of tide it suited them. CE Ba 3p 3 r Ne • 6 1J In, 8b D in an ha Et NI in to