The Sun. — London, England, 1861-01-15 00:00:00

- - - = - _ • • R GG f A 47,14; 4. • 1 11 1 '' k„A,r.6 • ( 4/ ••iir ' / 4 Ati, qt lA ` _ :,5 1 r LAW LIFE ASSURANCE OFFICE. - • . •= - 4"_ Fieet-st,f,e, Lon 'lin, "d Jartuaiy, tz'; 1 4 431 x":..; I ." NOTICE IS 11.EREBY GIVEN, That a GENERAL 5r7 —„ MEETING of Proprietors of the Law Life Assurance Sociefy • + - ~„ , 11;, . o will he held at the Society's Office, fleet street, London, on `R --.172,4 ' kOrr. • " SATURDAY, the 2d day of February next, at twelve o'clock at noon precisely, pursuant to the provisions of the Societ 's Deed of Settlerno- r , i6ettlemenf, for the purpose of receiving the Audib brs' Annual Report of the Accounts of the Society up to the 31st day of December, 1830 ; to elect a Trustee in the room of John Henry Cancellor, Esq., deceased ; and a Director in the room of Richard Richards, Esq., deceased; and for general pur poses. The Director to be chosen in the room of Richard Richards, F:sq., deceased, will remain in office until the 24th day of June next. By order of the Directors. WILLIAM SAMUEL DOWNES, Actuary. PURSUANT to an Order of the High Court of Chancery, made in the matter of the estate of George Robertson, and in a cause, William Robertson against John Robertson and Margaret Robertson, widow —All persons claiming to be Creditors of George Robertson, late of No. 5, Stanraer-place, Maida-vale, in the parish of Saint Mary, Paddington, and of No. 97, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, in the parish of St. George, Hanover-square, in the county of Middlesex, tailor, who died in or about the month of Feb ruary, 1851, are, by their solicitors, on or before the 19th day of February, 1861, to come in and prove their debts at the cham bers of the Vice-Chancellor Sir Richard Torin Kindersley, No. 3, Stone Buildings, Lincoln's-inn, Middlesex, or in default thereof they will be peremptorily excluded from the benefit of the said Order. Tuesday, the 26th day of February, 1861, at one o'clock in the afternoon, at the said chambers, is appointed for hearing and adjudicating upon the claims. Dated this 11th day of January, 1861. CHAS. PUGH, Chief Clerk. THOMAS SMITH, 15, Furnival's-inn, I'laintiffs' Solicitor. FINE TEA CHEAPER. STRACIIAN CO.'S JUSTLY CELEBRATED DRAWING ROOM TEA Is now reduced to 4s. per lb. Guaranteed the FINEST and CHEAPEST Tea in the United Kingdom. 26, Cornhill, London, E.C. SOCIETY for the RELIEF of DISTRESS.—This Society derives its origin from the following cause : That, notwithstanding the operation of the poor law and the numerous existing charitable associations, human beings, although within a stone's throw of the Tlenty, luxury, and refinement of this wealthy metropolis, die miserably of hunger and the want of the common neces saries of life. To prevent as far as possible the recurrence of an evil so disgraceful to our social system, it is proposed in the first instance to establish a co-operative system of visiting the poor, by aiding and increasing the power of existing local institutions which have this object in view. To bring to the notice of parochial authorities such cases as legitimately telong to them alone, co aid the police and the Mendicity Society, to detect imposture, and to bring to the care of hospitals, refuges, penitentiaries, and existing charitable associations those cases for which their several institutions were established. Special and urgent cases of distress indicated by the clergy—ministers of all denominations, medical profession, or agents of any existing Society, will be relieved as far as possible by the judicious application of funds entrusted to district committees and local responsible persons appointed by them for the purpose. No cases will be relieved by money or otherwise at the central office. The promoters of this movement now come forward, not In any spirit of opposition to existing societies, but, on the contrary, with the strong desire to co-operate with and assist them in the arduous task in which they, with such praise worthy zeal and perseverance, have been so many years laboriously engaged. They now claim to be met in the spirit in which they advance, with the solo purpose of furthering, by friendly intercourse, the great Christian object which all charitable associations have in view. The following noblemen and gentlemen having combined to form a Guarantee Committee, by whom the entire ex penses of management are to be defrayed, the Society now call upon the public to entrust it with the requisite funds, which shall be applied, without the smallest deduction, to the relief of genuine distress. GUARANTEE COMMITTEE. His Grace the Duke of W.Devonport Bromley,Esq. Marlborough M. T. Bass, Esq., M.P. The Right Hon. the Earl of C. E. Boothby, Esq. Chesterfield A. H. Davenport, Esq. The Right Hon. the Earl of J. H. Reynell de Castro,Esq. Lichfield Richard Gibbs, Esq. The Right Hon. the Earl of H. A. Hankey,jEsq. Sefton R. Stuart Lane, Esq. The Right Hon. the Earl of D. Meinertzhagen, Esq. Darnley Admiral Meynell The Right Hon. the Lord W. Wells, Esq. Ashburton J. N. Murray, Esq. The Right Hon. the Lord Charles Whitehead, Esq. Raglan Martin Ridley Smith, Esq. The Hon. A. H. Vernon The Rev. W. Davenport Bromley (With power to add to their number.) WORKING COMMITTEE. The Earl of Lichfield Lord Charles Bruce Robert Barnett, Esq. Rev. T. Beanies W. Davenport Bromley,Esq. T. H. Reynell Decti.stro, Esq. William Gilbert, Esq. Wm. Bevan, Esq. Colonel De Bathe C. Sartoris, Esq. St. Leger Glyn, Esq. Henry Alers Hankey, Esq. R. Stuart Lane, Esq. Hon. E. Chandos Leigh J. N. Murray, Esq. Rev. W. Rogeis Martin Ridley Smith, Esq. Hon. A. H. Vernon Colonel Haygarth Hon. Arthur Egerton W. Ewing, Esq. Rev. P. O. M'Gill Hugh Astley, Esq. Rev. W. Mayd Capt. Cunlifle Owen, R.N. (With power to add to their number.) W. DAVENPORT BROMLEY, F. lIAYGARTH, Lieut.-Col., Hon. Secs. WILLM. GILBERT, Temporary office, 28, King-street, St. James's, Dec. 21,1860, Amount already advrtised £1,814 0 0 Beaufort, Emily, Duchess of £5 0 0 Manchester, Duke of 6 0 0 Ailesbury, Maria, Marchioness of . • alo 0 0 Darnley, Earl of 50 0 0 Leicester, Earl of 5 0 0 Orford, Earl of 5 0 0 Rosebery, Earl of lO 0 0 Sonaert,n, Viscount 5 0 0 Ashburton, Lord 5O 0 0 Ashburton, Lady 2d don.lo 0 0 Colville,Lord,2ddon.lo 0 0 Clinton, Dow. Lady 10 0 0 Charteris, Lady Mar- .. _.. _ garet 5 0 01 Neeld, Lady C2O 0 0 Vernon, Lady Har riet a 2 2 0 Somerset,LadyEdith 1 0 0 Templetown, Lord ..10 0 0 Wenlock, Lord and Lady 31 10 0 Light, Lady Boothby, Hon. Mrs. !Horne, Mrs. Huth, Henry, Esq 20 0 0 liayter, Capt., Gre nadier Guards 5 0 0 Hamilton, J., Esq 5 0 0 Hussey, H., Esq. 2 2 0 H. J. W 2 00 H. T. Hankey, Henry B , Esq. Hineliraan, Miss 1 0 0 H C H. L. 11. . Hilbert, Major . Harvey, Robt., Esq.lo 0 0 Hatton, Lieut.-Col 5 0 0 H S 1 1 0 Irvine, Mrs. Mari anne 1 1 0 Nc. 21,373. PUBLICATIONS. Jefferson, T.R.,Esq. 5 0 0 Keating,Mr.Justice.lo 10 0 K Knox, Colonel G. 5 0 0 Lawria,Mrs. Andrew 2 2 0 Langley, A. G., Esq. 1 1 0 Leveson, S., Esq. Long, J., Esq 5 0 0 Matheson, Major eneral Montgomerie, Hon C. E 5 0 0 Coke, Hon. E 5 0 0 Charteris, Col. Hon. 5 00 Fitzwilliam, Hon. _ _ _ 5 0 0 Moncrieff, Major- General Murray, Mrs. 2 0 0 Mure, Col.'and Mrs.lo 0 0 Do. a 2 00 Charles MT. 5 0 0 Warren, Hon. Louisa 1 0 0 Heathcote, Hon. Gil bert Calder, Sir H., Bart. 1 0 0 Hoste, Sir W., Bart: 5 0 0 Mackenzie, Hen. Mrs. G. Stewart lO 0 0 Bligh, Sir John D , K.C.B . 5 0 0 Antrobus, Miss Char lotte H Arabin, Mrs a 1 0 0 A R 1 0 0 .&E a 1 0 0 A H A W 20 0 0 Arnaud, H. 8., Esq 5 0 0 Bosanquet, H., Esq 5 0 0 Bathyany, Count 5 0 0 Boyle, Captain Boyle Mary 1 0 0 Bacon, James, Esq 2 0 0 Blane, Thos. Law Es Bond, q Thomas, Esq 1 0 0 Baxter, Richd., Esq. 1 0 0 Blake, T. Jex., Esq.2o 0 0 Bateman, Mrs. Jones 5 0 0 Bidwell, John, Esq. 5 5 0 B. A 5 0 0 Bayley, C. V., Esq. 1 0 0 Beever, J. H., Esq. 2 0 0 Buxton, T. Fowell 21 0 0 B. P 1 0 0 B. C. W 1 00 Coutts and Co 21 0 0 C T Carpenter, Captain, R.A.., 1 0 0 , Clements Rev. H.. 5 0 0 Collyer, Captain 3 0 0 Cheltenham, G. L 2 0 0 Calp e . . ..... Debenham, F. G., Es q , 5 5 0 Duff, ajor Duff, Mrs. .. . Dalgetty and Co. 5O 0 Davies, W., Esq. 6 0 0 E. L. V 0 10 0 E, M. C. 20 0 0 Elmsley, Mrs. .. • . 1 0 0 Elwes,Windsor,Esq. 5 0 0 E. T. E. F. W 5 0 0 Erle, Peter, Esq. F. G. and J. F. er• • 3 30 Fremantle Mr. C. a 2 2 0 P., Mr. and Mrs. P. 2 0 0 1 0 0 F. G. •••• THE MOST ATTRACTIVE GIFT BOOK OF THE SEASON. Price, in Cloth 2ls. in Morocco.. in Morocco, bound by Ilayday. £2 2s. ELIZA COOK'S POEMS, Selected and edited by the Author. Illustrated with exquisite wood engravings by the brothers Dalziel, from designs by John Gilbert, Harrison Weir, John Watson, Duncan, Wolfe, and other celebrated artists. An excellent Likeness of the Author, from a Photograph by John Watkins, engraved by Frank Holl, forms the frontis piece. " It is a real treat to see a volume so rich in beauty as this —a volume in which the sister arts of poetry and painting are so fitly represented ; and, therefore, it cannot be too strongly or too cordially recommended to all who love both, and who delight to witness them in such happy combination." — Observer. . " It is not necessary to say more to piarantee the complete ness of the work, ana we show our appreciation of its merits by transferring three of the illustrations to our columns."— Illustrated London News. Messrs. Routledge, Warne, and Routledge, Farrington street. NEW NOVEL BY THE AUTHOR OF "COUSIN GEOFFREY." Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 void., THE DAILY GOVERNESS. By the Author of "Cousin Geoffrey," &c. Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street. MISS BREMER'S NEW WORK. Now real' , at all the Libraries, in 2 vols., TWO YEARS in SWITZERLAND and ITALY. By FREDRIK.A. BREMER. . _ Trarislated by MARY HOWITT. Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street. R 0 Y: HIS FUNERAL SERMON, Preached in his Pulpit, By TRESITAM 1). GREGG, Is this day published, price 6d. London : Wertheim, Macintosh, and Hunt, Paternoster-row- In a few days, price One Shilling, BRAHMINS and PARIAHS. An Appeal by the Indigo Manufacturers of Bengal to the British Government, Parliament, and People, for Pro tection against the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal; setting forth the proceedings by which this high officer has despoti cally interfered with the free course of Justice, has destroyed Capital and Trade of British Settlers in India, and has created the present disastrous condition of incendiarism and insur rection now spreading in the rural districts of Bengal. "Every office in the country is held by men pledged to oppose toe settlement of Europeans in the country, and they are able to make their own statements."—Letter from "Times " Correspondent, dated Calcutta, bth December, 1860, and published in the " ,Times" of 11th January, 1861. James Ridgway, Piccadilly, and all Booksellers. Now ready, TCHINOVNICKS, and other Russian Provincial Sketches. Translated from the original of SOLTIKOW, with Notes and Explanations, with a Chapter on the Eman cipation of the Serfs. By FREDERICK ASTON, Esq., 1 vol. post Bvo., price 7s. ed. L. Booth, 307, Regent-street, W. Now ready at all the Libraries, in 1 voL post Bvo., cloth, price 10s. 6d., CHANGE ; or, Some Passages in the .Life of BASIL RUTHERFORD. By EMILY CUYLER. L. Booth, 307, Regent-street, W. Macnamara, Henry, Esq. M 'Kenny, W. S. Esq 1 1 0 Magniac, H., Esq 5 0 0 Macaulay, Rev. John 1 1 0 M. S Minchin, Col. 2 0 0 Mackrill, J., Esq. 5 0 0 Miss A. E. T. lO 0 0 Neville, Col. E. a Neave, Rev. Thomes2s 0 0 Ogilvy, Thos., Esq 5 0 0 Ogilvy, Mrs. Thos 1 0 0 Phillips, P. Lovell 5 0 0 Pearse, C., Esq 2 0 0 Porter, General lO 0 0 Pigou, Frederick Parry, Miss L., 2d donation Peel, Captain Cecil 1 0 0 Pratt, Hodgson, Esq 5 0 0 Peel, Capt. W.Yates2o 0 0 Peake, Mrs. 0 10 0 Pascoe, Greenfell, and Co., Messrs 10 0 0 Reid, Capt. a Robeson, Noel V , Esq. R. C. Now ready, 1 vol. post Bvo., cloth, price 10s. 6d., WAYS and WORDS of MEN of LETTERS. By the Rev. JAMES PYCROFT, B.A. Author of "Twenty Years In the Church," "Elkerton Rectory," &c. L. Booth, 307, Regent-street, W. THE PRESENT DISTRESS IN TRADE fully explained in J. GROSSMITH'S " GOVERNMENT UPON FIRST PRINCIPLES." The cause is there predicated of the monetary difficulties ex perienced in 1860. The Crisis is at hand. Anxiety in busi ness has now become the grim torture. Purity of motive, intelligently exercised, must animate all Governments, or all is lost, All denominations of Constitutions are carefully examined in J. Grossmith's "Government upon First Prin ciples." pRICE 4D . STAMPED, 51). town and village is to contribute ; and in these the Ayans, or elders, in their turn, with the concur rence of the Medjlis, make their assessment on individuals. To trace the numberless abuses by which this tax is rendered so unequal in its inci dence would furnish matter for a curious and not uninteresting chapter on Turkish maladministra tion. The result is that, on one pretext or another, a large number evade the tax altogether, at the expense of their more honest or less influential neighbours, and that in some places the assess ment amounts to 5, and in others to 20 and even 25 per cent. Even in neighbouring cazas the difference is often great. That of Smyrna, for example, pays about 5, while those of Baindir and Thyra pay 18 per cent. of their annual rental and produce. It would seem that house property and land are very unequally taxed, the assessment being often made on the rent of the former, and on the gross and not the net annual produce of the latter. It is, of course, impossible to speak with much precision on the subject, but 16 may be taken as not more than the average percen tage of this tax on agricultural produce in Anatolia. Tithe.—The tithes are payable in kind, and are collected by persons who farm them of the Govern ment. The abuses of this system need no exposition here ; they are so innumerable and so glaring that the Turkish Government, ever slow to acknowledge the demerits of its own administration, has long since, by a formal Act, recognised the necessity of a change. Early in 1851 a firman was issued, direct ing the substitution of a tithe commutation for the system of collection in force. Like every other pro mise of reform of the present reign, it-was couched in the most benevolent terms, raising public expec tation to the highest pitch, and remaining a dead letter for evermore. I do it injahice ; the result was worse than I have described. The amount of the commutation was to be fixed at the mean annual value of the tithes of the five preceding years. These had been years of comparative plenty. In 1851 there was a general failure of the crops. That year the farmer had the benefit of the new firman ; that is to say, he had in effect to pay tithe on crops which had no existence. Had the new mode of levying the tithe contribution been persevered in, he would have been amply compensated in after years ; but in 1852 the crops were good, the old system was reverted to, and it exists to this day. In Egypt a less benighted administration has super seded the tithe by a land-tax, assessed with tolerable equity; and this and other reforms have told most beneficially on agriculture in general, and on cotton growing in particular. As it exists in other parts of the empire, the tithe, despite its name, :mist be , taken to mean a charge of one-eighth, or about 12 per cent. on the produce of land. Customs' or Export Duties under the Commercial Treaties.—These, as I have shown, amount nomi nally to 12 per cent. This is assessed upon the value of the goods at the port, and must not be mistaken for the proportion which the duty levied bears to their value at the place where they are grown. From want of roads and proper means of convey ance, the expenses of transport from the interior to the seaboard are enormously heavy. With articles the bulk of which is large in proportion to their value the price at the places where they are grown will necessarily diminish rapidly as those places recede from the coast, and thus the duty actually levied will be 13, 14, 15, &c., in lieu of 12 per cent. of their value on the land which produced them. The above imposts, then, levied upon goods for exportation grown under the most favourable cir cumstances—i. e., in the neighbourhood of a sea port—amount to a tax of no less than 40 per cent. of their value. When to this is added a number of small local burdens, known as " Itoussoumiata," 45 per cent. will not cover the real charges imposed upon them by the State. The following is a calculation of the average price at which Turkish cotton wool may be grown and prepared for exportation. The figures are taken from an anonymous pamphlet, entitled " Internal Economy of Asia Minor," printed for private circu- Fraser. Wm., Esq. 5 5 0 F. 0 N. Farquharson,Jamo, Esq ..10 0 0 F.W. 4 i i 4 the diseavantagei to Which T have reyt • the United States have been employing all their energy and mechanical skill in the preparation of their cotton-wool. The invention of the saw-gin alone gave them an immense advantage, and it can scarcely be matter of surprise that the cotton growers in the East should have been distanced by their more intelligent and enterprising competitors. The Manchester Cotton Supply Association fur. nishes advice and instruction on the cultivation of cotton, and in some cases, I believe, it is willing to supply seed and the necessary implements. All this falls short of what is required here. To talk to a Mahomedan farmer of a better description of seed, of a cheaper and more effective way of preparing the land for its reception, or of a more advantageous method of getting in and dressing the crop than that to which he has been accustomed, is simply to appeal to his prejudices and to excite his incredulity. In order to the introduction of these improvements into the system of cotton-growing in Turkey, example as well as precept must be had recourse to. A few good cotton farms, successfully worked by Franks, would have the desired effect ; and, as tho Government is awakening to a sense of the im portance of this question, its existence and co-ope ration might, I think, be reckoned upon. It has been suggested that if cotton were exempted from tithe the necessary impetus would be given to its cultivation. As we are asked by the Porte to concede something of our treaty rights, it would not seem unreasonable to insist in return on the removal of certain of the burdens to which this article is subjected. Whatever course Turkish Ministers may think fit to propose, one thing, is clear : if they would see the agricultural produeo of the empire bear some due proportion to the amount of its population, and to the extent and general fertility of its soil, not only must the export duties be reduced, but the assessment of the salquins must be placed on something like an equitable basis, and the tithe commutation, so long promised, must be carried into effect. The threatened secession of the mass of the Bul garian people from the Greek Church seems immi nent. The exactions and tyranny of the Greek clergyhaagveentslonagppbeaer to haveenthe su t b a j k ec e t n o av f d e: n m t p a l g a e o int f . Russian this state of things to attempt to bring about the re-establishment of a Bulgarian hierarchy. Thus urged on, and smarting under abuses the existence of which is undoubted, the Bulgarians sent a strong deputation to Constantinople to pray for the ap pointment by the Porte of a national Patriarch: Finding that the Turkish Government was not dis posed to accede to the request, and that there was a danger of a secession to the Church of Rome, Prince Labanoff, the Russian Minister here, endeavoured to effect a compromise. It was, however, easier to raise the storm than to control or direct it. Baulked of the object of their desires the Bulgarian delegates determined on placing themselves under the spiritual rule of the Pope. Over 200 of them attended ser vice in one of the Roman Catholic churches on Sunday . last, though it does not appear that their formal conversion has taken place. They desire to retain some of the doctrines of their own Church. Ronald, Bryan L., Esq., a Russell, J. Watts, Esq. lO 10 0 Smith, Oswald, Esq 10 0 0 Stedman, J., Esq 5 0 0 Slaney, R. A., Esq 10 0 0 IShaw, Mrs Smith, Oswald A , Esq... lO 0 0 Smith, Samuel G , Esq., M.P.10 0 0 Scrimgeour 5 0 0 Ditto 5 0 0 Stuart, Col. Crichton, _ _ _ lation some four or five yer-s ago. The greater part of it was written by a gentleman intimately acquainted with the country of which he treats, and who has himself made experiments in cotton growing. I may acid that inquiries wl•;ch I have made in other quarters have tended to corroborate his statements. - - Sixth Edition, just published, price 25., by post 26 stamps, DEBILITY and IRRITABILITY (MENTAL and PHYSICAL), induced by SPERMATORRTBE : the Symptoms, Effects, and Rational Treatment. By T. 11. YEOMAN, M.D., Physician to the General Post-Office Letter- Carriers' Provident Institution; Author- on Asthma, Con sumption, Indigestion; late editor of the People's Medical Journal, am D R. BUCHAN'S PATENT SUGAR-COATED VEGETABLE PILLS, VEGETABLE SKIN OINT MENT, and CONCENTRATED VEGETABLE ESSENCE, for purifying the Blood, Regulating the Bowels, and removing Vitiated Humours, Bilious and Liver Complaints, Rheuma tism, Gout, Scorbutic Affections, Costiveness, Skin Erup tions, deep-seated Ulcers, and all diseases of the Nervous System, from whatever cause, dm., affording. at once a new lease of life to the sickly and aged of both sexes, whilst in addition imparting a beautiful and clear complexion, so anxi ously sought for by all. Proved by the sworn testimonies made before the Lord Mayor of London, and sitting Magis trates. Sold by Buchan and Co., patentees, 22, Newman-street, Oxford-street, London, W., and all chemists in town and country. Prices :—Pills, per box, is. lid.. 2s. 9d., and Ils. ; Ointment, per pot, is. 14d., and 2s. 9d. ; Essence, per bottle, I ls., or family bottle containing four times that quantity, 335. Agents :—Barclay, 75, Farring,rdon-street ; J. Sanger, 150, Oxford-street Hannay, 63, Oxford-street ; Butler, 4, Cheap - side ; Hooper, 43, King William-street, London-bridge ; R. Howden, 78, Gracechurch-street ; Prout, 229, Strand, &c. &c. Just published, gratis, or post free for one stamp, to be had of all Agents, and at 2') Newman-street. Extracts from Dr. Buchan's Work, entitled, BUCHAN'S DOMESTIC MEDI CINES, being a Book of Reference, containing instructions for the cure of every ailment incidental to man, woman, or child. The cotton crop produced from Turkish seed is of such a nature that it has to be gathered in the pod. It would require on the average 4-, 2 cantors of Anatolian cotton in the pod to produce one cantor or 1201 b. of English marketable wool. This quantity the farmer can in ordinary years afford to sell in the pod on his own premises for 140 piastres, or at the rate of 30 piastres per cantar, a price which amply remunerates him. Forty of 'these 140 piastres are coneumcd by the tithe and salquin. Did these taxes not exist he could there fore sell 41 cantars in the pod for 100 piastres. One cantar of cotton wool grown in the province of Aidin would cost, on an average, laid down in Smyrna ready for shipment, 214 piastres, made up of the following items : Piastres 43 canters in the pod, at 30 piastres Expense of separating the seed-cotton from tbs pod Expense of native ginning, or separating woo' from the seed Expense of carriage of one cantar of wool 40 miles, at about 6d. per ton per mile Customs' duties 24 Minor expenses, factorage, &c. Total Ps. 214 The claims of British subjects arising out of the Djeddah massacre and disturbances have just been paid by the Porte in Consolides to the amount of 315,360 Turkish pounds. As money was not to be had, the claimants consented to receive payment in these securities at 531. Hence the largeness of the amount. "The temporary relief obtained by means of purgative medicines is purchased at the high price of the aarravation and )f the perpetuating the disease."—HENßY, The 24 piastres represent the export duty actually chargeable under the tariff in force on every cantar of cotton-wool from Anatolia. If from the total sum of 214 piastres we deduct the 24 piastres Cus toms' duties and the 8 piastres minor expenses, factorage, &c., we shall have 182 piastres worth of cotton, paying 24 piastres export duty, or at the rate of nearly 14 per cent. The result in English weight and money of the figures set forth above is, that this cotton wool may be delivered on the quay at Smyrna ready for shipment, and free of all duty, for about 4d. per lb. Owing to the shortness of the staple, it can only be sold for cotton-wicks in the English market, and the demand for it is, consequently, limited. Certain it is, however, that American cotton of a very superior staple may be grown in the same place with equal facility, and with no larger outlay. Other advantages would attend the cultivation of the middling qualities of American cotton in this country. In the first place, that seed-cotton, in lieu of being got in as the Turkish is in the pod, and at one or two gatherings, may be picked fro m the pod as it hangs on the plant. By this mean s the cotton gathered in day by day as each p od attains ma turity is in far more perfect condition, and the yield is largely increased, because the plant so i treated will go on throwing out fresh pods until the time when the first frost sets n. Again, although p ickin g the cotton from the pods day by day invol ves more labour in the first instance than the gathering as practised in Turkey, yet the expense of subsequently separating the seed-cotton from the pod would be saved, and one-half of that expenditure would amply provide for the extra labour of the other mode of getting in the crop. Not the least important among the marry improve ments necessary to the success of cotton-growing in the East is the introduction of a better method of separating the wool from the seed. For this pur pose the American saw-gin, and perhaps the Arne ricri rollers for the finer samples, should be used. The saw-gin, which has long since been introduced into Egypt with great advantage to the cotton grower, would save three fifths of th., expense incurred by the use of the clumsy machine known in this country. and moreover, the work would be better done. M. 15 . 5 00 Smith, Robert, Esq. 10 0 0 Smith, Eric Carring ton,Smith, Jervoise, Esq 1 Esq 5O 0 0 0 0 TTraotntetnramrs, Mrs. L Tritton, Re Taylor, Gen. R il l . ' e t . 5 0 0 Tate G J F. ••• •0 0 T . A r : : ...... .. — .. 5 . -1. . 0 0 0 0 E. . ii. .... Trims, Miss Flo eq" 10 0 0 E r . nee 1 1 0 West, West, T. M., Williams, John, Bq . . 1 0 0 White, Col. Henry, 0 0 C.B 5 0 0 Do. Welby, Mr 2 2 0 W. R W. D. a 2 12 6 Webster, Chas. Fox, Esq. I Ward, Rev. 11 W. M Wigram, Colonel E.lO 0 0 1 Wheatleys,Miss a 1 0 0 1 Westlake, Mrs. (2d donation) 2 0 0 Glynn, Geo. Carr, Esq., M.P . 20 0 0 Grant, Col. 5 0 \ Gipps, Col. Grainger, 8., Esq 1 1 0 IL W. A. W..... 100 0 0 Heaney, G. Tod, Esq., ad 9 9 0 llill, Mr. Justice 9O 0 0 I l awtayne, Rev. W. G., a Capt 1 0 0 Hedges and Butler, Messrs Contributions received at the following bankers :—Coutts and Co.'s, Strand; Ransom, Bouverie, and Co.'s, 1, Pall- Mall east, S.W. ; Glyn, Mills, and Co.'s, 67, Lombard street, E.C. ; Smith, Payne, and Smith's, No. 1, Lombard street, E.C. ; Hankey and Co.'s, 7, Fenchurch-street, ' • Barclay, Bevan, Tritton, and Co.'s, 54, Lombard- Street, E.C. ; and by the Hon. Secretaries, at the office, 28, Xing-street, St. James's. While tho Turkish cotton has been labouring THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 15, 1861. n UCKLEYS'.-To-ni g ht at 8. Great attraction for the CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS. Grand Extra Mid-day Performances, every Wednesday and Saturday Afternoons at 3, and the ustal liepre entat'on at 8 every Evening. ST. JAMES'S HALL, Piccadilly. Stalls, 35.; Area, 2s. ; Gallery, ls. Places can be secured at the office from 10 till 5. 28, Piccadilly. Change of Programme. — Crowded Houses ! AT R. W. S. WOODIN'S NEW ENTERTAIN- A- MENT, the CABINET of CURIOSITIES, POLY GRAPHIC HALL. King Wil iam-street, Charing-cross, TO-NIGHT, and EVERY EVENING (except Saturday), at Eight. Private boxes, £1 ls. • Stalls and box stalls, 3 s. ; area, 2s. ; amphitheatre, ls. A 7 plan of the stalls may be seen, and seats secured (without extra charge), at the Box office, from 10 till 4. Morning* Performance, Saturday, Jan. 12. POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION (Limited).— Now Open with Great Novelties. Mornings, 12 to 5. Evenings, 7to 10.—Admission, Is. Schools, and Children Tinder Ten Years of Age, Half-price. EVANS'S Magnificent MUSIC and SUPPER ROOMS, Covent-Garden. MACKNEY has returned to this Establishment. Suppers as usual after the Theatres. CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS. - ARGYLL ROOMS.—GRAND MUSICAL ENTERTAINMENT with the Celebrated BAND, Forty in number (established eleven years), chosen from the Philharmonic Concerts, Royal Italian Operas, and the Household Troops. Conducted by lions. Lamotte. Cornet-a-piston, M. Boulcoint —Dancing at Nine o'clock.-Is. admission. THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ROOMS, High Holborn.—The most elegant entertainment in the world. The dancing area is most extensive. The reading and smoking rooms on either side of the spacious galleries are replete with every comfort, and the refreshment rooms at tached to the ball room are unrivalled even by Oriental beauty. The wines and refreshments are of the highest qua lity, and the band, conducted by Mr. Packer, stands alone for its excellence. Admission, is. OYAL NATIONAL LIFEBOAT INSTITUTION.—The Committee of this Institution earnestly APPEAL to the public for PECUNIARY ASSIST ANCE to aid them to meet the present heavy demands on the limited funds of the Society. It has now 108 lifeboats, some of which have saved last year 204 persons from a watery grave. THOMAS BARING, Chairman. THOMAS CHAPMAN, Deputy-Chairman. 14, John-street, Adelphi, W.C. Bankers—Messrs. Willis and Co. ; Coutts and Co. ; Herries and Co.; and at the Institution. THE INTERNATIONAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. 142, Strand, London. Empowered by Act of Parliament, for LIFE ASSURANCE SURVIVORSHIPS, ANNUITIES, ENDOWMENTS, &c. DIRECTORS. EDMOND SHEPPARD SYMES, M.D., Chairman. Tohn Elliotson, M.D.,Cantab., John Moss, Esq. F.R.S. John Symes, Esq. Henry J. Hodgson, Esq. Joseph Thompson, Esq. SECRETARY TO THE BOARD. Alexander Richardson, Esq. . CORRESPONDING SECRETARY. Augustus Blondel, Esq. AUDITORS. Professor Wheatstone, F.R.S., and Professor J. Radford. Young. MEDICAL REFEREE GENERAL. J. Elliotson, M.D., Cantab., F.R.S., 37, Conduit-street. ACTUARY. W. S. B. Woolhouse, Esq., F.R.A.S., F.S.S., &o. ASSISTANT ACTUARY. Barker Woolhouse, Esq. BANKERS. Messrs. Glyn, Mills, and Co., 67, Lombard-street. SOLICITORS. Messrs. Gregory, Gregory, Skirrow, and Rowcliffe, Bedford row. £, GREAT MARLBOROUGH-STREET, W., NEAR THE PANTHEON. DR: CULVERWELL, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Licentiate of Midwifery, and Apo hecariss' Hall, London, can be consulted daily (only) as above, on all eases of Nervous Debility, Languor, Incapacity, Less of Memory, Sterility, and all Functional Derangements of both Sexes, emanating from early and excessive :indul gences Has Just published, price Is. ; by post, 11 stamps, 18 sealed, No. 4, An entire new and original Work, entitled OURSELVES. Synopsis : The,rhysiology and Anatomy of our Generation The Origin orDisease—Symptoms, Treatment, and Cure. A leo, an Exposition of. and Remedy for, all Urinary Derange ments and Marital Disqualifications, MALE. The modern treatment of Syphilis, Stricture, Blennorrhagia Gonorrhoea), Spermatorrhoca, Impotency, and all Diseases of the Urinary Organs, with Prescriptions, AEci.l FEMALE. The Physiology and Anatomy of Women--Functional Ir regularities in Health and Sickness—Choice in Marriage— Their Expectancies and Disappointments—The Cause and removal of Sterility—The Theory and Symptoms of .Gesta lien—Use of the Speculum. Also, No. 1. • HEALTH, HAPPINESS, and LONGEVITY ; On Debility, Nervousness, Dyspepsia, and Indigestion, No. 2.' LOVE AND MARRIAGE : Their Obligations, Happiness, and Disappointments; Love n d othor Matches. Sterility Removed, and Healthy Off pring secured.: No. 3. THE CASE BOOK : 100 Cases of SPERMATORRH(EA, Their Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment, Confession and Cure by Cauterisations, Galvanism, &c. &c. &c. To be had of Mann, 39, Cornhill ; and the Authors. Advice to the Working Classes fee Hall-a-Guinea; (SPECIAL NOTICE.) Dr. Culverwell is the only legally qualified medical practi tioner living of that name, and can be consulted (only as above). DR. CURTIS' MEDICAL WORK, MANHOOD : A MEDICAL ESSAY ON NERVOUS AND GENERA. TIVE DISEASES. Tust Published, the 150th thousand. with numerous plates, in a sealed envelope, price la., Sold by all Booksellers, and sent post paid, by the Author, tbrl2 stamps, ANHOOD: the CAUSE and CURE of PRE ' MATURE DECLINE with Plain Directions for Perfect Restoration to Health and ViErour. By Dr. J. L. CURTIS, 15, Albermarle-street, Piccadilly, London. NORTH ITALY. A letter from Turin, dated Jan. 12, says :—We are now in the heart of a very severe winter, but cold weather in Italy, however intense, can be of no long duration. Yet half a dozen weeks and a campaign in Lombardy will be reft of its greatest meteorologic terrors. In the midst of the most bewildering conflict of exaggerated opinions, in separable from the nature of the unprecedented crisis this country has been and is undergoing, it is impossible not to perceive that there is one master idea on which Italians of all colours are thoroughly agreed, and that is, the necessity of working out the complete independence and union of their own country. By the beginning of March, or even the middle of February, Garibaldi must needs take the field. He is too desperately committed to his own spontaneous engagements not to find a prolonged sojourn at Caprera no less disgraceful than it would prove irksome to him. The most generous among his followers look upon their own home as mere winter quarters, which they may be summoned to leave on the first twitter of the return- ing swallow. I know some of them to whom the strongest inducements have been held out to take service in the regular army, with liberal promises to secure them the ranks they have so bravely won at Calatafimi or on the Volturno, but who stubbornly spurn the most tempting offers, to preserve their full freedom to answer their beloved chieftain's confidently expected call. The tidings of Garibaldi's embarking at Caprera will be the signal for a general rush to arms. The late Dictator of the Two Sicilies undoubtedly will, two months hence, find himself at the head of twice the force which he had mustered under his banner as he entered Naples, and this time neither the weapons, nor the ammunition, nor the sinews of war will fall short of his need, as they did on his first land ing at Mersale. The treasures of the Sicilian and Neapolitan arsenals, the muskets and swords with which a hundred too easily won Calabrian fields were strewn, and the free contributions from English and American warlike manufactories are scattered about the country, and I very much question whether at any time since Charles V. so many implements of destruction were either in polsession or within very easy reach of the Italian population as they are at this present emergency. No imaginable condi tion of the country could be more favourable to the enterprise of militant Garibaldism than the actual strain of popular energies which the late commotions have caused. Garibaldi will rise in arms, and there is no doubt as to the point upon which his first attack will be directed. The valour of his bands will certainly be as inefficient against the ramparts of Verona and Mantua as it proved against the less formidable battlements of Capua or Gaeta. But the Quadrilateral is not the only vulnerable side of Austria, and there is no longer any doubt that the first warlike outbreak will occur on the Adriatic coast or the Danube. Between the Italian and the Hungarian followers of the hermit of Caprera a bond of blood has been cemented on the battlefield, and the Court of Vienna must show no common address if it can come to such terms with its Magyar and Slavonic subjects as to make them deaf to the charmer's voice, who will proclaim that the best compact between a Sovereign and his twice and thrice deluded subjects should be sealed with the pommel of a drawn sword. Unquestion ably, Garibaldi may have to deal with Russia and France, no less than with Austria and Germany, he may have to set aside the conclusions of a European Congress ; but his line of conduct has long been chalked out for him by his own head long impulse; and he cannot swerve one inch from it, whatever may be the consequences. So long as the goal he aims at is the emancipation of the whole soil of Italy, not only the passions, but the sense of the country are all enlisted on his side. With the most wary and timid the question is but one of time and expediency; but on the main prin ciple there are no two opinions, and where one man does not hesitate to lean, all his free countrymen must be fain to follow. There is only one man in the country who is not fully at liberty to give in to the general movement, and that is Count Cavour. Count Cavour stands to some extent committed to the Anglo-French alli ance, and bound to the maintenance of order and peace. A statesman at the head of a legal and re cognised Government is answerable to his country and to his neighbours for any attempt of wb ich he cannot calculate the probable results. The uncom promising audacity by which a guerilla chief brusquely courts, and often wins, the smiles of for tune, would be stigmatised as unpardonable folly if it were imitated, or even countenanced by a wary diplomatist. Yet Cavour has been able hitherto to guide only by following the current. He has reaped the benefit of those Garibaldian achievements which he would have been utterly unable to prevent. His place of safety has always been, and still will be, in the second line of Garibaldi's army. The day in which he adopted any stronger measures against a second Garibaldi exploit than vague apparent re monstrance and actual threadbare connivance would mark the close of his political career. Should Turr, Eber, and Bixio, and the noblest of the red-shirted leaders, effect their purpose either in Dalmatia or any other part of the disorganised Austrian empire, Italy would have to co-operate with them, with or without the eonsent and goodwill of King Victor Emmanuel or his advisers. It seems important to me that the great European Powers should look well to this. Any question of internal policy, the'pacification of Naples and Sicily, the theories of centralisation and self-government, and all such matters, will find a natural, however arduous and, perhaps, not bloodless solution, either in the deliberation of the national Parliament or in the application of strong martial rule to the most unreasonable, refractory provinces. Anyhow, the Italians will settle their own home affairs withou any danger to the public peace, so long as they are left to themselves ; but on the question of Venetia or on that no less important, though for the presen adjourned, of Rome, nothing but the most crushing force will ever induce the Italians to hear reason. In Garibaldi they have found the man after their own heart ; whithersoever he leads they will go with him. Garibaldi's opponents will have no power against him, unless they succeed in pre viously loosening the knot, or knots, which he is preparing to cut. It seems to me very clear that as the time for outward action draws near the billows of domestic agitation begin to abate. News from Naples is to-day of a more reassuring character ; it is by no means unlikely that the Prince of Carignano may meet with a cordial reception in that town and kingdom, notwithstanding the storm of unpopu larity which has been raised against the bevy of his youthful advisers. Nor is it at all improbable that the populace of Palermo, satisfied with his easy triumph over the obnoxious Cordova and La Farina may look with forbearance on the men who have taken power as their successors. Torrearsa is both an able and firm man and a highly respected personage, and Emerico Amari is one of that pa triotic family whose name hallows the cause they serve in the eyes of the Italians. After all, any people will tire in time of clamour and riot, and those who have something to lose in the Two Sici lies cannot look without misgiving on a chronic disorder, which may well end in the ascendancy of those who have all to gain from prolonged mischief. Those South Italian populations, however noisy and lawless, are also fickle and timid ; they break out into sudden volcanic eruptions, but again they as readily subside, without any apparent reason for the ebb and flow of their subterranean fires. The interest they will take in Garibaldi's next move will easily engross the attention of men whose strongest pretext for dissatisfaction rested on Garibaldi's alleged slights. The first roar of the onion aimed against a foreign foe will hush up the outcry against home grievances. Count Cavour and his Parliament will have no internal difficulties to plead for their inactivity in the great national un dertaking. They must compound with France and England, with Russia and Prussia, as they best can. On what principles they may come to terms with the great Powers it is not easy to foresee; but the people of Italy will certainly listen to no compro mise. "He who is not with me is against me" will be Garibaldi's motto, and woe to the statesman who would hesitate in the alternative ! Examples of Bonus up to May, 1855 : Bonus in Permanent Policy Sum addition Bonus in Reduction taken Age. Assured. to Sum Cash. of Annual out in Assured. Premiums. - £ £s. d. £s. d. £s. d. 1838 55 3,000 867 17 7 428 1 4 56 3 8 1841 48 4,000 749 4 0 325 16 0 32 0 4 1845 69 2,000 232 18 0 156 15 0 16 6 0 1848 60 2,000 154 2 8 103 16 8 10 15 2 1851 55 2,800 120 17 0 72 14 6 67 7 The following are amongst the advantages offered by the international Life Assurance Society:— The Society was established in 1838. Two-thirds of the profits are divided amongst the assured every five years. For prospectuses and every other information, apply to the Chairman, 142, Strand. 142, Strand, London, W.C. EDMOND S. STIES, Chairman. AA N EFFECTUAL REMEDY.-LAMBERT'S - ASTHMATIC BALSAM, without confining the bowels or affecting the head, truly efficacious and pleasant, is ad mitted to be the best medicine for immediately relieving coughs, colds, confirmed cases of asthma, and consumption. It frequently cures persons whom the faculty pronounce in curable, admirably allays the I ickling which provokes frequent coughing. In approaching consumption its effects are truly beneficial. Persons deprived of sleep, or even lying down for fear of suffocation, may depend on relief in a few minutes after taking it. Prepared only and sold by W. Lambert, Chemist, 20, Jermyn-street, Haymarket, and by all Druggists in bottles. 130., 2s. 3d., and 4s. id. each. Be particular and ask fbr Lambert's Asthmatic Balsam. TO TcIE RIFLE BRIGADE.—A GOOD SIGHT WILL PROVE ADVANTAGEOUS IN SELF-DEFENCE. To render your sight and hearing per fect take GRIMSTONE'S EYE SNUFF, invented by him to give strength and vigour to the vision, &c. Sold in tinfoil pack ages, (id. per oz. ; canisters, Bd., is. 3d., or in jars 2 oz., 4 oz., 8 oz., lbs. upwards at Ss. per lb. for export, under the authority of the Lords of the Treasury, and Medical authority. Or should you be a smoker, leave it off, it renders your hand un steady. If you must smoke, smoke GRIMSTONE'S ARO MATIC HERB TOBACCO. This will strengthen your nerves ; by swallowing your spittle it increases the appetite. The smoke equal' Oriental pastules. Sold in square, green packets with red label, at 3d. per oz., 3s. 6d. per lb. GRIM STONE'S HAIR REGENERATOR is the only article that will produce whiskers, moustaches, eye brows, or cause anew growth of human hair upon those parts nature intends this ornament of the human figure. It is sold 'in triangular bottles, and inclosed in the 77th edition of the pamphlet full of testimonials from ladies and gentlemen. Real addresses, 45., 75., and lls., this size contains four of the 4s. size, All letters to William Grimstone, herbalist, London Depot, 52, High-street, Bloomsbury; and by Messrs. Barclay and Sons, Farringdon-street. and all other respectable dealers A BOON TO NERVOUS SUFFERERS. GIVEN AWAY, TWENTY THOUSAND COPIES of a Medical Book, for the benefit of Nervous Sufferers. HENRY SMITH, Doctor of Medicine of the Royal University of Jena, will send, post free, secure from observa tion, on receipt of a directed envelope, enclosing two stamps , the " WARNING VOICE," a new medical work on the most effectual cure of Nervous Debility, Loss of Memory, Dimness of Sight, Lassitude, Indigestion, Dislike to Society, &c., which, if neglected, result in consumption, insanity, and premature death ; with plain directions for perfect restora tion to health and vigour. Address, Dr. HENRY SMITH, 8, Burton-crescent, Tavistock-square, London, W.C. Also, by the same Author, WOMAN AND HER DISEASES, a Treatise describing their Spnptoms,Causes, and Treatment,with Cases, free by post on receipt of seven stamps, contains a mass of information Indispensable to those for whom it Is written. Address, Dr. HENRY SMITH, 8, Burton-crescent, Tavistock -square, London, W.C. CONTENTS: INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER on the Physiological , tructure and Functions of the Reproductive Organs. CHAPTER IT.—Causes of Spermatorrhcea and Impotence; Early Vicious Indulgences; Dangers of Neglect. CHAPTER IT T.—A Review of the various Disqualifications of Marria , re ; whether resulting from Youthful Abuse, the Follies of Maturity, the Effects of Climate, or Infection. CHAPTERS IV. and V. on the modern Treatinent of Gonorrhoea and Syphilis. The Book concludes with numerous varied and interesting ases, to which is added the Author's recipe of a preventive Lot ion. REVIEWS OF THE WORK. " Curtis on Manhood.—This is a truly valuable work, and should be in the hands of young and old."—" Sunday Times," 234 March, 1856. "The author has conferred a great boon by publishing this little work, in which is described the source of those diseases which produce decline in youth or more frequently premature old age."—" Daily Telegraph," March 27, 1856. Dr. CURTIS may be consulted as usual, either by letter or personally, at his residence. as above. The efficacy and harmless nature of the remedies employed by him having been demonstrated by the most complete success during a practice extenclinti over a period of twenty-five years, nervous sufferers can rely that the utmost skill and experience will be made available in the treatment of their cases. London ; Published by J. Allan, 20, Warwick Lane; Mang, 39 Omuta. Kent and Co., late Piper and Co., Paternoster-row. Just published, Bvo, in cloth, price 55., by post free, 55. 6d., ON THE SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT of V STRICTURES of the URETHRA; showing why they so often appear Incurable, when in reality they might be removed by the most simple means. By F. B. COURTENAY, M.R.C.S.E., And formerly Surgeon to the Metropolitan Infirmary for the Cure of Strictures of the Urethra. " This work is the production of a surgeon whose special attention has been directed, through a long professional life, to the treatment of strictures of the urethra. The cases which Mr. Courtenay has given supply ample evidence of his great discriminative power in the diagnosis of the various kinds of stricture, and of the scientific principles upon which their management is founded. By his systematic management an immense mitigation of pain to the unhappy sufferers is attained, and future mischief prevented. The work we can most unreservedly and confidently recommend as a valuable contribution, both to the general and professional reader, and ought to be found in the private study of all who are subject to stricture."—Medical Circular, Dec. Ist, 1858. London: H. Bailliere, 219, Regent-street. Second Edition, price One Shilling, post free, TOOTH -ACHE : its Causes, and a New Painless Method of Cure (with as much certainty as water quenches thirst). '1 eeth cured by this patent will never ache aTain, and thus prevent the necessity of the painful operation of extraction. By THOMAS HOWARD, Surgeon-dentist to his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury.-17, George street, Hanover-square.' DISEASES OF THE SKIN. By ROBERT J. JORDAN, M.D., Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, England, &c., &c. Author of " Skin Diseases and their Remedies," &c. Containing the modern treatment for the cure of cutaneous eruptions, scorbutic affections, superficial and deep-seated ulcers, torpidity of the circulatory system, redness, roughness of the skin, &c. "This book is, as he has aimed to make it, ' thoroughly use ful and practicaL' "—Medical Times and Gazette, August 14th, 1860. Published by John Churchhill. To be had from the Author only, 29, George-street, Hanover-square, London. At home from 10 to 2 ; and by appointment. Notices of Dr. Yeoman's Works : "This is an excellent little treatise by a clever and clear headed practitioner. Dr. Yeoman is well known by his work on Consumption, snd the present publication will add to his fame."—Weekly Dispatch. "Dr. Yeoman has done much to popularise the medical art, and to lift the veil of mystery which has too long hung over it. This is one of his happiest efforts."—Glasgow Examiner. "There is no quackery, no learned mystery, no affectation in it, but a plain exposition of the causes, symptoms, and rational treatment ; all set forth with the clearness of a man who wishes to be understood, and the earnestness of a man wh wishes to be useful."—Liverpool Courier. London : by post only, from the Author, 25, Lloyd-square, W.C. NO MORE PILLS OR ANY OTHER PHYSIC FOR CONSTIPATION, INDIGESTION (DYSPEPSIA), PALPI TATION, NERVOUS, BILIOUS, AND LIVER COMPLAINTS, DEBILITY, DROPSY, EPILEPSY, PARALYSIS, COUGH, ASTHMA, CONSUMPTION, BRONCHITIS, SORE THROAT, • FEVERS. Du BARRY'S delicious HEALTH RESTOR ING REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD. which, at a 'ew pence per day, saves fifty times its cost in ➢ledicine, and cures without purging: or any of the uncertainties, annoy slices, and ruinous expenses incurred by medicine, cod liver oil, or visits to distant climates. Certificate No. 3MlB.—We find ft the safest remedy, An drew Ure, ➢T.D., F.R.S. ; Dr. Harvey; Dr. Wurzer ; Dr. Shor land ; Dr. Campbell. We extract a few out of 56,000 cures:— Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies of many years' dyspepsia. Cure No. 49,832. Of fifty years' indiscribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipa tion, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting, Maria Joly, of Lynn, Norfolk. Cure No. 47.121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies. Cure No. 54,816. The Rev. James T. Campbell, Syderstone Rectory, near Fakenham, Norfolk of Indigesti^n and liver complaints. Cure No. 56.814. Mr. Samnel Laxton Leicester, of two years' diarrhoea. Cure No. 180. Mr. W. Reeves, 181, Fleet-street, London, of 25 years' nervous ness, cc nstipation, indigestion, and debility. Cure No. 4,028: Eight years' dy s p e p s i a, nervousness, d e bility , w ith cram p s, pasms, and nausea, Rev. John W. Piave], Ridlington Rec tory, Norfolk. Cure No. 3,906. Thirteen years' cough, indi gesti no, and genera l debility, .Tames Porter, Athol-street, Perth. Cure No. 58,314. Miss Elizabeth Yeoman, Gateacre, near Liverpool, of ten years' dyspepsia, and all the horrors of nervous irritability. Cure No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, timber merchant, of Frimley, Surrey, of 30 years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, partial deafness. Similar testimonial s f rom 56,000 patients who can be re ferred to. The Food is sold in canisters, Ilb. 94., 211), 45. 6c1., 121 b. 225., 241 b. 40s. ; super-refined quality, 5113.225„ 101 b. 335. The yort Barry 121 b., and 241 b. canisters carriage free on receipt of Post-office flu Barry and Co., 77, Regent aurg, Mason, and Co , 182, Piccadilly, LolnfOn; Abbis, 6U, Gracech urch-strcet; 4, Cheapside • 63 strei o noarodne ; r and 150, Oxford-street; 330 and 452, Strand ; 49 and 60, Bishopsgate-street; Beetty,l6, F insbury -pavement ; Phillips and Co.. tea dealets ; P tty, Wood, and Co., King William h street, City, and 187, H i g Holborn s and su.grocem STATE OF TURKEY. A letter from Constantinople, dated Jan. 4, says : I have more than once alluded to a proposal, now under consideration, for the revision of the com- mercial treaties subsisting between the Porte and the various States of Europe. By the convention of 1838, known as the treaty of Balta-Limen, between Great Britain and Turkey, " all articles being the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and its dependencies, and all merchandise," imported into the Ottoman dominions by British subjects, are liable to an ad valorem. duty of 5 per cent. Of this import duty, 3 per cent, is ,`payable imme _ _ ately on the arrival of the goods in a Turkish port, and the remaining 2 per cent. on their being sold, or carried into the interior by the importer. On the other hand, " any article of Turkish produce, growth, or manufacture,":purchased in the Ottoman dominions by a British merchant is chargeable on its arrival at the 'place of shipment with a 9 per cent. ad valorem duty, and with 3 per cent. more on exportation: Nearly all the States of Europe have similar treaties with this country, which may therefore be taken to have bound herself to a 5 per cent. maximum import, and a 12 per cent.maximum export duty. Little need be said to prove that these treaties are open to serious objection. The Western Powers which have made such considerable sacrifices for the Turk;sh empire, might be content to inquire whether the maintenance of those treaties is not inconsistent with the prosperity of this country—whether in the interests of Turkey alone some changes should not be made. The argument need not, however, be confined to such narrow limits. Any thing which operates as a clog upon the producing power of one of the richest countries in the world is an universal and not a mere national evil. The main objection to the treaties in question may be broadly stated thus : —So heavy en export duty as 12 per cent. of the value of her produce necessarily operates prejudi cially on the development of the resources of the country. Obviously the produce of the richest soil in the world may be so taxed before its arrival in a foreign market as to render it impossible for the exporter who shall have paid a remunerative price to the grower to compete with the less heavily taxed crops of even an inferior soil. In other words, the charges levied by the State on its exports may be so heavy as to render agriculture unremunera tive, and thus to prevent the cultivation of the land. This is largely the case with Turkey. In one way or another her exports are enormously overtaxed, and, consequently, much of her soil lies uncultivated. Turkish Ministers allege, and with some degree of truth, that the evil is to be attri buted to the fact of their Government being bound by treaties to impose no more than a 5 per cent. duty on any imports from foreign countries. Re venue must be had for the State. To reduce the ruinous export duties is to diminish, for the moment at least, the receipts of the Treasury—a course which can only be contemplated in the event of means being found to supply the deficit. An in creased import duty is, they further allege, the only alternative. This proposition may be open to doubt ; but it seems ineradicable from their minds. If, then, we would see one of the difficulties in the way of the prosperity of this country removed, let us by all means make some concessions. A proposal, emanating, I believe, from M. de Lavalette, hasLbeen made to fix both import and export duties at 8 per cent., on condition that a diminution of 1 per cent. shall be made each year on the export duty, which would thus be altogether removed after eight years. The import duty, which will remain at 8 per 'cent. during that period, may then be reduced from time to time as the financial position of the empire improves. No system by which uniformity of rate of Customs' duties on every description of merchandise is established can be really good. It may be, however, that insurmount able difficulties would arise in the present case were a more satisfactory adjustment proposed. The rights of the several countries having commercial treaties with the Porte are identical. The nature of their imports into Turkey varies, To propose to visit the imports from some countries with a higher percentage than those of others would pro bably lead to discontent, and to a refusal on the part of certain States to suffer any alteration what ever of their treaty rights. This is not, however, a question upon which I at present propose to dwell. Coupled with the scheme for a revision of the com mercial treaties, a question of some importance both to this country and our own has arisen. It is certain that there are immense tracts of land in the Sultan's dominions eminently suited to the cultivation of cotton. The lowest of the series of plateaux of which Asia Minor is composed contains many thousands of square miles of such land. Smyrna used, in the days of the Levant Company, to export this material largely. How is it that, in proportion as the demand has increased, the supply of cotton from Anatolia and Syria, where the plant is indigenous, has fallen away to utter insignifi nance ? It is a question not difficult to answer. The reasons are simple and manifold. First and foremost, thinness of population and a consequent dearth of labour is a difficulty with which the cotton grower in Turkey has to contend. It is a formidable obstacle to meet with at the out set and one which may be fatal to the culture of land remote from the towns and larger villages. Some compensation for this drawback is, neverthe less, to be found in the fact that with cotton, the main part of the labour—viz., the hoeing and pick ing, is so light that it may be performed by women and children. Of this labour there should in many places be no dearth. Next in the catalogue of impediments to success- fal and remunerative cotton-growing come the im posts levied for the purpose of revenue. I have said that exports are enormously overtaxed. The objection is not applicable to cotton alone; but as that is the article under consideration, let us see how it fares in this respect. The chief imposts to which exports are subjected before leaving this country for a foreign market are :—The Sulquin, the tithe, and the Customs' or export duties under the commercial treaties. The Sulquin, or Yergu, is at once a property and an income-tax, assessed upon what principle it is extremely difficult to say. Übicini, in his Lettres sur la Turquie, describes it as a tax raised upon the presumed fortune of all private individuals, de rived from their real, personal, or commercial pro perty. This tax, he adds, is not uniform, amounting in Roumelia to 10, while in many districts of Anatolia it attains to 25 per cent. All I can add to the definition is an account of the manner in which it is apportioned among the population, and which shall also show the inequality with which it bears in different districts, and on different sorts of pro perty. The imposition of this tax would appear to have originated in the following way :—A certain sum was required for the Exchequer. This amount was apportioned arbitrarily—how could it be other wise, in the absence of all statistical information ? —among the various sandjaks, or provinces of th e empire. No more scientific division has ever taken place. The burden thus arbitrarily imposed upon each sandjak is as arbitrarily apportioned among the cazas (j u d ges ' districts). The Muschi r an d c hi e f authorities of the cam determine the amount each THE FRENCH MARKETS. The Paris flour market is firm, and bakers have at length consented to purchase at from 65f to 67f the sack of 157 kilogrammes. The stock of flour in the Paris stores has decreased by 34,000 quintals between the 30th of November last and the Ist of January. There are now but 44,000 sacks of flour of the four marks on hand ; but among them are several too old for bakers' use. The holders ask 65f and 65f 50c the sack, for immediate delivery. The factors declared on Saturday 6,061 sacks of flour, of which 269 of first quality sold for delivery within 30 days, at prices varying from 63f to 68f. The price of wheat of the first quality is well main tained in the Paris market. Inferior sorts fell last week 50 centimes the sack of 120 kilogrammes. Choice samples of new wheat are quoted at from 30f 41c to 31f 43c the 100 kilogrammes. First quality, 29f 50c to 30f; inferior, 23f 83c to 27f 50c. Oats, 19f 68c to 22f the 100 kilogrammes. Barley, 10f 50e to 21f the 100 kilogrammes. Rye, new, 30f ; old, 20f 43c to 20f 86c the 100 kilogrammes. The business transacted in the corn market of Nantes lest week was confined to the purchase of small lots of wheat and barley to complete cargoes. The ice on the Loire, moreover, has prevented the arrival of any produce. The holders of wheat in the meantime maintain their prices; the utmost concession does not exceed 25c the hectolitre. In consequence of the operation of the stupid sliding scale, all corn merchants residing on the coast from Nantes to Rochefort, who have occasion to export corn to England, are forced to send it to Bordeaux to be shipped ,there ; business, however, has not improved in the latter port. Holders of wheat there demand 26f the 80 kilogrammes, and this price is too high for English buyers. Wheat is rising at Marseilles in consequence of the few arrivals there ; wheat coming from the Black Sea stops in the Italian ports. There are orders from Italy at Mar seilles for flour at 42f 50c the 100 kilogrammes. Wheat is in great demand at Genoa and Leghorn for the Roman States, and at Naples for Sicily. The telegraph has brought the prices at the French provincial corn markets held on Saturday : " Amiens—Market well supplied ; prices uncommonly firm and sales easy. The quality of the corn offered for sale was better. Oats scarce. Prices firm. " Arras—A good market. Prices well maintained, aid a good demand. Wheat 19f 50c to 25f the hectolitre. " Chartres--A large market. The :price of wheat firm. Numerous bayers. Choice samples of wheat scarce. Oats firm. "Dijon—An ordinary market. A rise of 75 centimes the 100 kilogrammes on wheat and oats. Flour has risen if the 125 kilogrammes. " Marseilles—Wheat very firm. Market quiet. African wheat, 37f 50c; Marianopolis, 42f; Danube, 34f 75c the measure of 160 litres. " Melun—Market well supplied. An average rise of 12a on wheat ; on oats 47c. " Metz-2,125 hectolitres of wheat sold to -day at an average of 29f 93c the quintal. cc montereau—An ordinary market. No change in prices. " Orleans—An ordinary market. A good demand for wheat at a rise of 50c the hectolitre There was a fall in the price of beef at the market of Poissy on Thursday. Veal, on the con trary, was in great detnaud. The sheep offered for sale were of good quality, and were quickly dis posed of. 1,978 oxen were exhibited, of which 1,742 were sold at from if 6e to if 42e the kilo gramme; 399 C9WS, which were all sold, at from 92e to if 26c ; 11,074 sheep, of which 10,507 were sold at from if 42c to if 72c ; 642 veal calves, of which 640 sold at from if 42c to if 82c. The ave rages weight of the oxen was 358 kilogrammes; cows, 213 ; veal calves, 60 ; sheep, 22 kilogrammes. EXPORTS OF PLAIN COTTONS AND YARNS TO THE EAST. —According to some tables prepared by Mr. Samuel Mendel, of Manchester, of the exports of plain cottons and yarns to the East during the last eight years, the general movements of our trade in that region have been as follows : —Of plain cottons our shipments to Calcutta experienced a gradual increase from 1853 to 1859 of 210 per cent. Last year, however, there was a falling off of more than 20 per cent., the totals having been 365,232,911 yards, against 459,722,963 in 1859. To Bombay the increase of shipments from 1853 to 1859 was 135 per cent., while last year thero was a reaction of more than 21 per cent., the totals being 209,238,779 yards, against 265,567,788 yards in 1859. To Hong Kong the shipments last year were much in excess of those of any former period, the total being 70,723,201 yards,. showing an increase of more than 30 per cent. on 1859), and 214 per cent. since 1853. To Shanghai the shipments last year were 107,970,231 yards, showing a reduction of about a half per cent, from those of 1859, and an in crease of 51 per cent. since 1853. With regard to yarns the movements have been less striking and satisfactory. To Calcutta the exports last year were 16,392,45111)., against 20,019,4851 b. in 1859, and 15,259,0371 b. in 1853; to Bombay they they were only 4,076,2121 b., against 12,896,87511). in 1809, and 7,760,96011). in 1813. To Hong Kong they '47±_!** 7,536,6121 b., against 9 , 565 , 2611 b. in 1859, and 5,991,253 T,, in 1853; and to Shanghai 18,0 0011) . , ag ainst 55,10011) • 1 1; 1859 3 and 68,0301 b. in 1853 1 ft