The Sun. — London, England, 1831-06-03 00:00:00

%PIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. The Lord Chancellor's decision in the case of the' school of Ashby-de-la-Zouch is one of much jrn portance to the diffusion of . ekieral Isnqvledgc. His Lordship, in confirmation of the MaAre's Report in 1806, decided that the school was not for instruc tion in the learned langnsges only, but for the com munication of the mi'acir branches cfscience, " ju venes puerog if!frrnles et pari.Kl73' being mentione'l l in the foundation Act,---persons, in fact, ttn: young to he taught Latin and nothing 1-wt Latin. Every body knows that in the reigns iot Edward VI. and Queen Elizabeth, the ttge for founding grammar scimois, many such were established for the exclu sive purpose of teaching the learned lariguagt., i n order to supply the means of education which had been lost by the destruction of the monastic esta blishments, and also to counteract the advantage which the Popish Clergy (still existing in large numbers) posse•sed, from the knowledge of ancient literature. But it is also known, that many schools, established for more general instrirction, have been since raised into the rank of gtammar schools by which the poor have been deprived of the advan tages originally intended for them; mid it is most desirable that all establishments of the latter charac ter should be restored to their original destination. Several causes tended to divert the scheoiN from the purposes for which they were egts'olished. First, the improvement of their funds, through the ever it•creasing value of property, offered tempt'tion to men from the two Universities ; and Next, it wag regal) , difficult to procure masters 'who had not too much learning for common and ordinary instruction, pct.-cts of moderate attainment haring tenerally Mien into the more active pursuits of life. But now the latter evil is remedied t.y the discovery of the Bell and Lancasterian systems, and by the proper qualifications of masters to impart general kfr2vvledge —reading, writing, and accounts. Vi're can be no reason, therefore, why school/ 7s'nould not be ren dered generally useful, according to the spirit of the time, in which we live, and according to that spirit which does positively direct the formation of sth . ools at present. And let not any one think that there is a levelling principle in this doctrine. It is in fact the reverse of levelling. Eminent attainments, wherever they exist, will even possess increased dis- tinction. The totally illiterate are incapable of appreciating them. But by whom are learning and talents admired ? Br those who possess minor degrees of the same qualities, and are aware with what difficulty thry are attained. Education, gene rally diffused, will but serve to exalt genius the more; and rank, when adorned with virtue and ern, bellished by science, Nvill make the greater impres sion on the general mind.—Times. Mr. O'Connell, fortunately for his own reputa tion,—and indeed, it may be added, for the peace , able success of the Reform cause in Ireland,—re served his objections to the details of the m e a su r e , _ . in so far as they affect the Irish representation, un til now; which is undoubtedly no improper season for laying them before the country. The Learned Gentleman has just published a long and elaborate letter, wherein he states the defects v:hich ought to be supplied in the Bill, if the Legislature be de sirous to render equal justice to Ireland with other portions of the United Kingdom. We are by no means prepared to affirm that all the strictures of Mr. O'Connell on the Bill, as proposed by his Ma je,ty's Ministers, are unfounded. The Learned Gentleman reasons rather loosely, in many in- stances, as befits an advocate, who, not being always able to adjust the interests he espouses to the facts of the case, must content him• self occasionally with forgetting those facts from which he can derive no benefit. The wants -which he insists upon making good are two-fold :- Ist, in the numbers of the Irish constituency ; 2d, in those of the representative body. He asserts that the town qualification is too high, as compared with England, 101. rent being more for Ireland than the same sum is here. Mr. O'Connell must be better acquainted than we are with the class of per sons who occupy us tenants the 101. houses in the towns of Ireland. We have our own doubts whether thatclass of Irishmen be so well informed and inde pendent as the same denomination of Englishmen, although perhaps it may be admitted, that so far as mere intelligence goes, the poorer order of Irishmen —namely, the labourers—are generally almost as sharpwitted and clever as the like description of the people of this country. But when we come to those inhabitants of the two islands upon whom something more than the most elementary education has been bestowed,—who are raised above the neces sity of manual labour, and approach the station of men of the middle class,—it has been alleged to us by persons well acquainted with both countries, that the whole advantage is on the side of our English fellow-citizens. However, the truth is pro bably not quite out of reach, although at best it can be no more than matter of opinion, as also must the answer to another question be considered, viz.—whether, since there is neither house-tax nor window-tax in Ireland—imposts o hich tend greatly to diminish rent amongst ourselves—the same de scription of dwelling which goes for 101. in an English country town, may not find Irish occu pants inclined to pay more for it, instead of its fetching less, as Mr. O'Connell takes for granted. This may be going too curiously into calculations, which cannot, in any case, lead to decisive results. It is more to the purpose to protest at once against the principle assumed, though not proclaimed, by the Learned Gentlemen, throughout his entire argument, namely, that population—mere population—ought to determine the number both of representatives and electors. Every one may understand Mr. O'Connell's willingness to re-admit forty-shilling freeholders to the Irish franchise, and to lower the bousehold qualification to five pounds instead of ten pounds. The Learned Gentleman has no dread of mobs, whom he has used, and most effectively, for his instruments, by the consummate skill with which he moves and guides, and not unfrequently controuls, their passions. He likes the forty-shil ling freeholders, because he has experience of the fa cility with which he has himself divested them of one noxious characteristic—to wit, subserviency to their landlords—and substituted for it another, not at all less fearful, in the shape of political fanaticism. We differ wholly from the Learned Gentleman in demanding 40s. ft eeholders for Ireland because Eng land still retains them,--but only for a season. The English 40s. freeholder has, in nineteen cases out of twenty, some substantial property besides his paltry freehold. The Irishman never had any, and was prevented by his landlord from possessing it lest he might be less a dependent. " Ireland," says dr. O'Connell," " has no copyholder', and there fore she ought to get a great many other voters." Why ? It is possible that the amount of Irish freehold property may be, in comparison, as great as that o f E ng li sh property, b ot h copy h o ld an d ,_r,:end , ho,lcl,—that I re l an d ma y h ave been already e believe th at to b e t h e case ) as we ll pro vided with a county const ituency as England will be after the passing of the Bill. In the principle of another proposition of Mr. O'Connell , we are disposed to con c ur,—name ly to mak e t h e leasehold qualification in counties consist of azclear yearly profit of a moderate sum, (he says 101. ayear, we say 200, arising from a l ease f or twent y -on e ra ther than take as the basis of qualificato the years, mere payment of a rent of 501. As fo r g i v i ng t o Ireland an increased number of representatives, we would not quarrel much with Mr. O'Connell about adding one or two more representatives for Dublin, and letting each of the five or six great towns be sides return two Members instead of one. But we a-sent to such a proposal from a consideration o f what is due to the property arid intelligence of such p laces ) —not to their inhabitants, as furnished by the census. There is no reason why every sug gestion contained in Mr. O'Connell's letter should not be calmly debated in arliament before the sub ject of the Reform Bill be P closed.—Tinies. Already sufficient reason has been afforded us for the conviction that we did no more than justice to his Majesty's Ministers in_expressing our total dis- belief of any `conteen Or priority on their part in the harsh and tasteless discontinuance Of the pension% trestewed during the former reign of gentlemen dis tinguished by their eminence in the literary world. We tire new ass'aured, and on the best information; that 's nis Majesty's Ministers are entieelr gtiltiess of the act." It is further ro iit that Lord Grey, on finding that 7:!1`.% 'oleridge had lost, through the Aemin 61 an authority distinct from that of the ding's responsible servants, the pittance on which he had hitherto existed, has agreed to grant him an annuity equal to that withdrawn froth him, though issuing out of a fund whith is only temporary. This conduct does honour to Lord Grey, And we trust that his Lordship will have nerve arid genero sity to put the colleagues of Mr. Coleridge also on some less miserable footing than that to which treatment siThile to what he has experienced :gust ere now have reduced them. The truth is, that the pensions were supplied 1 .) - order of George IV. from the Privy Purse, over which, as it is well un• derstoed by Parliament, no person has aothoity but the King himself. However ; if we are not mis taken, the act, which wa'i a blunder, will in one way or other be reptl'i - red. The Press is a powerful pfo - - teeter ti the destitute, and an honest..- -, ,if not always a welcome—friend to those Whom it reminds of lapses in their dutimes. A contTnporary, the Times, alluding to the state - menl which we copied from the .Enfirlitmah's Ma gazine respecting an intimation said to have been given to the Astoti7ttes of the Royal Society of Literature-, tilat they must expect the small allow ante hitherto paid to them by the State " shohly" to cease, contrasted this intimatittl with the aver ment lately made Ito jastrry the continuance of the pensions ." rtiti for by money wrung from the people of this country, to parties who could no j otherwise have earned them but by some species of prostitution;" that " there teemed to be a point of honour involved in the continuance of the Pension List; forasmuch as the parties, although formally receiving the granta of such pensions from the life of the reigning Sovereign, had understood them to be for their own lives, and therefore that there would be po sitive cruelty, and indeed a substantial breach of faith in their withdrawal." It certainlyhas an awkward appearance, that the only pensions, respecting the continuance of which there should he any hesita- lion, are those to men who have acquired a name in letters, and reflected lustre on their country. But so it is with every thing in this country. Once ad mit any class of men to have the disposal of the re. sources of a nation, without responsibility, and they will divide among themselves all that is worth divid ing. Boroughmongering, Parliamentary interest, and so forth, mean a mortgage on the resources of the nation, for all beyond what goes for the pay ment of mere drudgery; and whoever is Minister must set apart funds for the mortgagee, if he hopes to be allowed to retain his place. All the fraud, all the hypocrisy, all the peculation, all the immo rality of this country have their chief source in boroughmongering. Till we destroy this monster, we must be prepared to see all that might contribute to the honour and lustre of the country wasted on the most worthless of the community. There are in England immenseendowments for the encouragement of learning ; but they have been systematically mis applied. Wherever the reward exceeds what would be given for porter's work, it is appropriated ty the possessors of Parliamentary interest for those in whom they are interested. When Queen Caroline wished to raise the allowance paid by the State to the celebrated Halley, he intreated her to lay aside all such intention, because, if the allowance were to be increased, it would soon become the prey of some of the brood of the nobility. To say nothing of the other funds for learning, we have in England the richest Church in Europe. But it is allowed on all hands, that what little learning there is in the Church is to be found among those who have no Church preferment, and can hardly hope to have any. The hideous corruption in that Establishment has been exposed in a most masterly manner by a Mr. Beverley, of Beverley, in a letter to the Arch bishop of York, which has already reached the sixth edition. Mr. Beverley says, that this Church, which is crammed to satiety with wealth, ranks so low in scholarship, that in the whole of the jurisdiction of the Archbishop there are but two Clergymen with any claim to the title of scholar ; one of them Archdeacon Wratigham.— The whole of the enormous revenues of the Church, raised in so oppressive a manner, are thus bestowed on men who have no other claim to them than that they are connected with the possessors of Parlia men ary interest, and are too stupid or too lazy to obtain a subsistence by the exercise of their talents and industry. It would be even well if the money were merely wasted ; but, unfortunately, the re ceivers of it dedicate in general what little abilities and industry they possess to the support of the corrupt system to which they are indebted for it.— Mr. Beverley, of whose pamphlet an ample account will be found in the Monthly Review for May last, considers the Church mere in a religious than in a literary point of view. " Our Reverend Pastors (he says) present us a strange picture of Christianity in their sermons, their charges, and their tracts. According to their notions, the Apostles, or at least the immediate disciples of the Apostles, were Reve rend Gentlemen, residing on wealthy livings, preaching fifty-two written, printed, or lithographed sermons in the course of the year, and securing livings for their clerical, or comtnissions in the Roman army for their military, sons. In that golden age, according to their system, all the world was not only taxed by Caesar, but tithed by Cxsar, for the benefit of the primitive Clergy ; and the Priests of the first three centuries amused themselves with card.playing, fox-hunting, horse-racing, shooting, fishing, and dancing, as they do at present. Pluralities were multiplied, and translations were frequent. St. Paul had a golden pre bend of Philippi, a large living at Rome, another at Thes alonics, and was besides " the Very Reverend" the Dean of Corinth. St. Peter was translated from the Bishopric of Babylon to that of Rome, and St. James was enthroned at Jerusalem, with great pomp and large lawn sleeves, after having subscribed the Thirty-nine Articles, according A to rsct of take the See of Jericho, but he preferred holding the Deanery of Napthali, with the great Living of Succoth, which last was of the clear yearly value of 8,000/. and besides was encumbered with very little duty, as there were only seven hundred persons in the parish, five hun dred of whom did not believe in the Christian Religion. St. Clement died worth twelve hundred thousand pounds in the Three per Cent. Consols, the careful savings of forty years' episcopacy; and Irenteus, having been a tutor to a Consul's son, had the Primacy of Rome offered him, which, however, be refused, being content with the Bishopric of Lyons." We have no w ish at present to enter this wide field. This, however, we will venture to state, that till the State be purified, the revenues of the Church will continue to be misapplied. It is well known that even in their own particular field, theology, the English clergy make few advances. It has been well observed, that they do not even possess suf. ficient learning to appreciate the labours of the German theologians. It is not by learning that they obtain their livings, and not by learning that they can hope to improve them. After all, it is not an easy matter to say how far a State like England should afford encouragement to literature and science. In such a country there will always be a number of individuals possessed of the leisure and the means for the cultivation of letters. What we want is rather the removal of discouragement than any positive encouragement. At present the enor mous masses of wealth of the church are bestowed on men who have an interest in giving an improper direction to the feelings of the influential classes re specting literature. Those Englishmen who now roam who, o to ve o r b t t h ai e n7 j u st n i t n r c y ti f o r n o:n cli vant of occupation, and highest mountains, would labour in science, if science were chronicle. h Id ' seems hardly credible that without ou th t e o object the l n te e Government . n — s i o ii i o c r o n u i / i t g d n h s a v w st h i d c e - meditate the withdrawal of the small a few eminent literary and scientific rived for some years past from the bounty of the Crown, while they preserve, in all its unpruned luxuriance, the " charity" of the Pension List, which " covers a multitude of sins," and leaves but a small part of its wide mantle to Spread its foster. ing protection over eminent virtues or meritorious public services. In addition to the incredibility of the report itself, we observe that an Evening Paper ( (the a.tirier) gives it a sort of denial, which w e hope will turn out to be correct ; for it would in deed be disgraceful to any Government to advise the Crown to withdraw its pittance from the intellec tuat and meritorioue claimants on its munificence, while the country is largely taxed to support Patri cian pauperism, and to place the mt ins of luxurious indolence within the reach of immorality and vice. It has indeed been positively and publicly stated, that intimation has been given to the ten associates of the " Royal Society of Literature," who have hitherto received 100 guineas from the King's an nual bounty, that " they must expect their al lowances very shortly to cease." The authority for this statement is the " Gentleman's Magazine," which asserts it without qualification, and which, if it be not true, could not have made a more defamatory attack on the character of the preseht Administration, We consider this matter quite distinct from any ques tion tthiching the claims of the " Royal Society of Literature" to public estim ition or Royal patronage. We must leave that Society itself to show what it has done for the promotion of the real interests of literature sine its establishment; but, whether it succeed in making out a good case or not, it is cer tain that the greater number of the ten individuals who receive the annual hundred guineas from the Crown are men who, before that Society existed, had rendered eminent service to the commonwealth of letters. When we mention the names of Roscoe, Coleridge, Sharon Turner, and Matthias, we think it not too much to add that the Minister who would counsel the Monarch to withdraw his annual bounty from such men, at a time when the vicious profusion of the Pension List is thought too sacred to be touched by the pruning-knife of Reform, would mistake a paltry and disreputable parsimony for that judicious economy which knows how to wisely save, and honourably expend, the resources of a nation. We thought the Government committed a great error when they defended the whole profligacy of the Pension List on the pretext of charity—for, by so doing, they greatly shook the confidence of the country in the sincerity of their professions of put ting the principle of a just retrenchment into prac tice. But great would he the public indignation if the double injustice were committed of sacrificing the humble stipends of a few men of genius and learning to the preservation of the whole obscure horde of sycophants, titled paupers, and vicious favourites—to pamper whom, at the public expence, the Royal bounty is degraded. But we cannot an ticipate any thing so inconsistent with political pru dence, or so offensive to moral taste.—Morning Herald. Mr. O'Connell has published in the Irish papers a long series of objections to different parts of the Reform Bill, and some of our contemporaries have been also indulging their vein for criticism, by mak ing petty objections, partly to some of the details, and partly to one of the main principles of the Bill. For our part, we are not inclined to meddle very ex tensively for the present, either with the one or the other; arid for two reasons : first, that the Bill has undergone, and is undergoing corrections, in its mere details, which will render it more perfect be fore it he again submitted to Parliament ; and, se condly, because the Bill, as a whole, has received he sanction of the country, and is not likely to be improved by those who would persuade us that they could manufacture a better. That the measure is perfect, in every respect, we do not mean to assert; for what legislative measure was ever perfect ? but is the best which has ever been proposed; and is not altogether unworthy of notice, that it is much more easy to find fault with it, than to substitute a better in its stead.—Morning Advertiser. There has been some rioting at Whitehaven on the occasion of political dinners held on the same ' day by the two parties respectively of Anti- Reformers and Revolutionists, in which it appears that the latter, being the weaker party, sustained the most damage. Upon this occurrence the Mini- sterial Press has unanimously adopted a tone o fiery indignation, which we can scarcely regard as either spontaneous or sincere, when we recollect the equanimity of temper with which this same Press attempted first to deny and then to extenuate, if not to eulogise, the riotous excesses of the radical mob in the metropolis, on the occasion of the Lord Mayor's illumination, and the rabble brutalities which, during the late election, overawed or co erced the voters in many parts of the country, in the exercise of their legal and constitutional right. The very vehement expressions of indignation which daily meet our eye upon the tumult in Cum berland contrasts so remarkably with the language which proceeded from the same sources, on every other recent occasion of disorder (that they have been neither few nor trivial we need not state), that we should have been compelled to surmise some new and concealed motive for a vigour of reprehension at once so unnatural, so prompt, and so combined, had we been left, which fortunately we are not, entirely to our own conjectures upon the subject. The Ministerial Press are not more unanimous in their unwonted severity of animadversion upon this case of riot, than in their recommendation to his Majesty's Government of the course by which, in their judgment, riots in Cumberland may be most effectually prevented for the future. The advice is short and pithy enough. It is the unanimous advice of the daily organs of the Administration—" Dis miss the Earl of Lonsdale from the Lieutenantcy of the county"—although not one of them pretends that the Noble Earl, who, for a great number of years, has represented the Sovereign in that part of the kingdom with honour to himself and advantage to the community, could have prevented the riot, knew any thing of the riot, or had recently been within a hundred miles of the place where the riot occurred. We suppose there is nobody so dull as not to comprehend from all this that Lord Brougham has at least one very good friend in each of the counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland, whom he thinks eminently fit for the office of Lord Lieu tenant. We suppose also that the Lords Lieu tenant and the Magistrates likewise of every other county in England, such of them we mean who are not revolutionists, will now begin to perceive that under the present Administration they hold their com• missions by a very precarious tenure.—Morn. Post. SHIPS BEYOND THE VISIBLE HORIZON SEEN IN THE AlR.—Captain SCORESBY, when navi gating the Greenland seas, observed several interesting cases of unusual refraction. On the 28th of June, 1820, he saw from the mast-head eighteen sail of ships at the distance of about twelve miles. One of them was drawn out, or lengthened, in a vertical direction ; another was contracted in the same direction ; one had an inverted image immediately above it ; and other two had two dis tinct inverted images above them, accompanied with two images of the strata of ice. In 1822, Capt. SconEsiv recognized his father's ship, the Fame, by its inverted image in the air, although the ship itself was below the horizon. He afterwards found that the ships was seven teen miles beyond the horizon, and its distance thirty miles.—Dr. Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopccdia, Vol. XIX. Treatise on Optics, by Dr. Brewster. SINGULAR SUICIDE.—An inquest Was held on Wednesday, at the Town of Ramsgate public-house , Wapping, on the body of MARY ANN DESMOND, aged 1 8 years, who appeared to have been a well. grown and hand some young person. The facts elicited before the Jury were painfully interesting. The deceased was the daughter Of a tradesman with a large family, and she was in the 'ervice of a professional gentleman at Islington, who, having missed several small sums of money, on Wedt esdAy se'nnight, suspected that she had purloined them, aid sent for her gnotber. The girl confessed she had taken one shilling, but declared that this was all. She was dis missed from her situation, and came away with ber mother. She walked very fast, and her mother supposed she had gone home; but she was not heard of till Wednes day morning, when the body was found in the river Thames, near King Edward's Stairs. A letter Was found in her boson:, stating " that in consequence of the aisgrace she had brought upon her family, she had pre ferred a watery grave to appearing again amongst bee brothers and sisteia. The Jury under the direction of the COROVISR, retur..ed a verdict of " Found drowned." SECOND EDITION. SUN OFFICE, Seven o'clock. 1-1 E LONDON GAZETTE OF TIIIS EVENING. Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Essex. Sir R. Wigram, Bart. ; Sir J. Fitzgerald, Bart. to he Deputy Lieutenants, May 10: West Essex Regular Militia. Lieut.-Col. Tyrell to be Colonel, vice Strutt, resigned, April 27 ; Capt. Houblon to be Lieut.-Colonel, April Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of the County Palatine of Lancaster. T. 13. Birch, Esq. to be Deputy Lieutenant ; R. Edwards, Esq. May 19. Ist Battalion of the Duke of Lancaster's Own Regiment of Milan J. Blanchard, Esq. to be Captain; C. P. Williams, Gent., to Lieutenant, May /1. Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Curr berland. J. K. Wilson, Esq. to be Deputy Lieutenant, April 12. Royal Curriberland Regiment of Militia. J. K. Wilson, Esq. to be Major, vice Aglionby, resigned, March 10. S. W. Lacy, Esq., Feb. 22, J. Willock, Esq. vice Senhouse, sen. deceased, March 10, and 11. W. Base, Fsq. vice Senhouse, jun. resigned, March 31, to be Captains. J. Irving, Gent. vice Brooke, promoted, March 10, and J. Close, Gent. Narch 20, to be Lieutenants. H. Harraden and I. Powe, Gents. Feb. 22, to be Ensigns. Comotissibns by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Perth.- C. Hay, Esq. March 1 ; and J. B. Murdoch, April 7, to be Dc puty Lieutenants. Royal Perthshire Militia. J. Menzies, Esq. vice Macduff, resigned, Feb. 21; T. E. Baird, Esq., May 21, to be Captains. Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Somerset. Second Somerset Regiment of Militia. R. J. Bisdee, Esq. to be Captain ; F. W. Rutledge, Gent. to be Lieutenant, May 23. Commission by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Glamorgan. Royal Glamorgan Light Infantry Battalion of Militia. T. Smith, Gent. to be Second Lieutenant, May 19. Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of the county of Sacse x. F. North, Esq., and G. J. Gibson, Esq., to be Deputy-Lie u tenants, May 2.8. Petworth Troop of Sussex Yeomanry Cavalry. Colonel G. Wyndham to be Captain ; R. Hasler, Gent., to be Lieutenant ; J. dapper, Gent., to be Cornet, April 20. Commissions by the Vice-Lieutenant of the East Riding of the County of York, and Town and County of the Town of King. ston-upcin-Hull, East York Militia. H. M. Vavasous, Esq., to be Captaid, vice Coltman, resigned, May 16; E. F. Coulson, Esq., to be ditto, vice Stewart,deceased, May 21 ; H. Burstall, Gent., to be Lieutenant, vice Hewitt, de deased, April 11 ; T. P. Finnan, Gent., vice Taylor, resigned ; A. Eddington. Gent', vice Thunderclitf, resirned ; G. Holmes, Gent., vice Coltman, promoted, to be Ensigns, May 21. Commissions by the Lord Lieutenant of the County of Northampton. The Right Hon. T. W. Earl of Pomfret; the Hight Hon. J. E. Lord Carbery, to be Depty Lieutenants, March 1. Northamptonshire Regiment of Militia. J. Young, Esq. to be Captain, March 26. Towcester Troop of Yeomanry Cavalry. The Right Hon. C. Lord Southampton to be Captain ; G. Stone, Gent, to be Lieutenant; the Hon. A. H. Trevor, to be Cornet, March 2,9. Kettering Troop of Yeomanry Cavalry. W. W. Hope, Gent. to be Supernumerary Lieutenant, with out pay, April 1:3. Thrapston Troop of Yeomanry Cavalry. T. C. Hincks, Gent. to be Supernumerary Lieutenant, without pay, March 14; and Thomas Wilkins, Gent, to be Cornet, and not R. Wilkns, as inserted in the Gazette of the 25th Fcbruary last. Whitehall, May Z. The Lord Chancellor has appointed Thomas Blatherwick Redgate, of the town of Nottingham, Gent., to be a Master Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery. DECLARATIONS OF INSOLVENCY. JOHN SHURY, Charter-house-street, Charter-house-square printer. WILLIAM YEW ENS, Copthall-court, mine-agent. BA NKRUPTCYENLARGED. CHARLES NICHOLAS PALMER, Norbiton-house, Surrey, ship-nwner, from June 7 to July 26, at eleven, at the Court 01 Commisloners. BANKRUPTCIES SUPERSEDED. JAMES BENSON, Lancaster, linen-draper. MICHAEL EMANUEL, Birmingham, jeweller. CHRISTOPHER WEBSTER, jun., Manchester, carrier. BANKRUPTS. MARY JONES, Old Compton-street, Soho, upholsterer, to surrender June 14, at nine, 17, at ten, and July 15, and nine, at the Court of Commissioners. Richardson, Ironmonger-lane. ISAAC COHEN, Hastings, jeweller, June 10, 17, and July 15, at ten, at the Court of Commissioners. Crosby, Cheepside. HOWELL GRIFFITHS, Newcastle Emlyn, Cannarthen shire, druggist, June 17, 18, and July IS, at the Commercial rooms, Bristol. Evans, Stevens, and Flower, Gray's Inn square, London ; Perkins, Bristol. JOHN and SAMUEL CHIVERS, Castle-street, tailors, June 10, 17, and July 15, twelve, at the Court of Commissioners. Baker, Church-row, Limehouse. HEYMAN LEVIN, Great St. Helen's, merchant, June 14, 21, and July IS, at twelve, at the Court of Commissioners. Roberts and Co., New Ormond-street, Bedford-row. GEORGE sToDDARD, Binnacle, Bowness, Cumberland, timber-merchant, June 9, 10, and July 15, at twelve, at the Bush il4ll. Carlisle. Donald, Staple Inn, Landon ; Hodgson, Carlisle. WILLIAM FORD, Stockport, hat-manufacturer, June 13, 14, at three, and July 15, at two, at the York Hotel, Manchester. Gadsden, Furnival's Inn, London; Coppock, Stockport. WILLIAM TAPLEI, Cateaton-street, warehouseman, June 10, at three, 17, and July 15, at one, at the Court of Commis sioners. Taylor, Great James-street, Bedford-row. THOMAS AUSTIN, Oxford, livery-stable-keeper, June 8, at six, 9, at ten, and July 15, at eleven, at the house of Robin son Bartram, Town-Hall, Oxford. Philpoat and Stone, South ampton-street, Bloomsbury-square; Raekstrow, Oxford. THOMAS HACKER, Great Guildthrd-street, Borough, hat dyer, June 10, at eleven, 21, and July 15, at ten, at the Court of Commissioners Walthew, Strand. CHARLES BENNETT, Vauxhall-walk, Lambeth, smith, June 10, at twelve, 17, and July 15, at twelve, at the Court of Commissioners. Holmer, Bridge street, Southwark. AARON COLES, Great Portland-street, Marylehone, coach. maker, June 10, at three, 17, and July 15, at one, at the Court of Commissioners Williams, Henrietta-street, Cavendish-square. JOSEPH SKII)MORE, bobbin-maker, June 17, IS, and July 15, at eleven, at Wilson's Hotel, Nottingham. Buttery . Not tingham; Wolston, Furnival's-ing, Holborn, London. ALEXANDER WALKER, Dover, stationer, June 10, 17, and July 15, at eleven, at the Court of Commissioners. Brown, Hatton-garden' EDWARD GUDGE, Bristol, woollen-draper, June 7, 17, and 15, at twelve, at the Court of Commissioners. Jackson, New Inn, London. THOMAS GREENWAY, Walcot, Somersesshire, plasterer, June 15, 16, and July 15, at eleven, at the Castle Inn, Bath. Makinson and Sanders, Elm-court, Temple Loedon ; Harrington.ploce, Bath. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-HO USE. Mr. Saunders, the water-bailiff, and Nelson, his assistant, summoned several fishermen before the Lord Mayor, for having fished with destructive nets. The river about Woolwich and Black wall, it ap pears, abounds with white bait; and the citizens of London are encouraging the practice of unlawful fishing, by eating enormous quantities of white bait, notwithstanding the example set by Alderman Lucas and other Aldermen, who, during their Mayoralties, would never eat a morsel of the delicacy so long as it had that name. It was proved that the nets of the defendants were of such close texture as to enmesh the smallest fish, and that at every pull they brought up myriads of white bait and the fry of other fish. The re gular or lawful fishermen complained of this prac tice as destructive to their exertions to support their families, by killing the young fish; and the public complained of it as likely to keep up the price of fish—a thing often deplored, as proceeding from an iniquitous monopoly. The Water-bailiff submitted, that if the observ ance of the rules were not insisted upon, the river would be drained of the fry or spawn of fish. The fishermen said, that everybody was crying out for white bait, and that they fished for nothing else, and if they were checked their families must go land never and b e ae h dve lacei,All3,l gta , !n s eef i h c ao e e,auvur, h reei e lvdwi, e k dtre t i.re i e ee : t v rpiTni oithehcattechi poachers destruction habit f t sal a e esb r ru e imwtp n ee c aof e nsf to the parish end themselves to prison. between tt t :s h :lh e svoi n g T drily h h a i Thames, nevert e a' s kv , vii iltojhgl ahpt although he had always been their most decided enemy. He had not many years to live, and he hoped he would not have it inscribed on his tomb-stone that he survived the Thames fisheries. He declared that the white bait were sent by Providence up the river to be the food of the larger fish, and not to go down the maws of the gormandizers. 'Jibe LORD MAYOR thought the defendants would see the propriety of abstaining from the practice, and that upon this occasion it would not be necessary to inflict the penalty. The defendants were then discharged. Since the complaint was dismissed, the river has, it is said, swarmed with small nets, to the great an noyance of Nelson, who declarts that he remernbers the day when a Lord Mayor, upon hearing that white bait was coked at Blackwall, went down to the taverns in which the law was so infringed, and flung platters of the delicacy out of the windows. BOW-STREET. Last night Mr. Riley, a licensed victualler, resid ing at Chelsea, came before Mr. MINSISULL, and asked him to render his assistance to obtain redress for a most violent outrage, and, in fact, murder ous attack, made upon him at Lisbon in 1827. Mr. Mthtsittru., possessed no jurisdiction over of fences committed in Portugal. Mr. Riley—lf the Worthy Magistrate would be so kind as to hear his statement, he felt confident that he would entertain a different opinion. He pro- ceeded to state, that he travelled for a commercial house in 1827, and resided for some time at Lisbon. He was one morning in a wine-room in that city, sitting with a friend, and in the same room were a party of non-commissio ne d o ffi cer s belonging to an English regiment of Hussars. A conversation arose respecting the Italian and Portuguese nations, as to the grade they held in the scale of nations, when one of the Hussars, without any angry words or the slightest provocation, rushed from his seat toward him ( Nlr. Riley), seized him by the collar, threw him on the ground, and kicked him on the body and head till he was insensible. Several of his teeth were kicked out, and for a long period he was at tended by medical men, and continued in extreme danger. When he had so far recovered as to be able to leave his lodgings, he applied to the legal authorities for redress ; but he was only laughed a., and could obtain none, his purse not being of suffi cient length to satisfy their rapacity. Ile left Lisboa soon afterwards, and had not seen or heard of the man who so brutally maltreated him till a few days ago, when he saw his name announced in one of the Newspapers as about to appear before the Insolvent Debtors' Court, to take the benefit of the Act. Had not the injury he received been of so serious a nature as to have deprived him of the enjoyment of health ever since, he would not, after such a lapse of time, have made the present application. Mr. MlNsuum, said it certainly was a hard case, but, in his opinion, it was quite impossible he could afford him the slightest redress. Mr. Riley had been informed that a case occurred many years ago, in this country, which showed that cognizance could be taken by the law authorities in England of a crime committed in a foreign country by an Englishman. He said that a young English man having shot a lady at Lisbon, was, on his re turn to England, apprehended for the murder, and was tried for the offence, and executed at the Old Bailey. Mr. MiNsiium, was aware of the case to which Mr. Riley had alluded.* In that case the accused party was tried by a Special Commission ; but in such a case as the present, he was confident a special Commission would not be granted. At all events, he, as a Magistrate, could not interfere in the matter. . .. . Mr. Riley thanked the Magistrate and withdrew Q UEEN-SQt7ARE. William Lynch, sen., and Daniel and John, his sons, all Irish labourers, of Brook-lane-place, Ham. mersmith, were charged with a saulting Michael Donoghue, of the same place. Michael on Sunday afternoon was returning home, when he saw the defendant and several other persons murthering a man in the road. " What do you mean by murdering a man ? in quired the Magistrate." "Place your Worship," replied Michael, " they had all just a gottin him dawn, and were kicking and pitching into him; well, and so I thought to myself I'd just save a bit of his life; ' halloa there,' says I ; what's the matter ?' says they ; says I, don't be arter murthering the poor divil ;' and then they all pitched into me, and I was murthered myself, that I never thought I should have been able to spake again; and poor John Grady got all his teeth knocked down his trote, and they broke my cart all to paces. Mr. GREGORIE inquired where the other murdered man was who had lost his teeth. " Faith, your Worship, he's outside," replied Michael ; " here walk in, John Grady, their Ho nours wishes to spake wid you." John Grady did as he was bid, and said, "Your Worships, last Sunday we were drinking, at a public house, a pot of beer or so, when ould Lynch, who thinks himself a greater scholar than the Priest or his Holiness the Pope of Rome himself, began to talk about his heddieashurr. " Come, say: I," Lynch, lave that off."—'What for ?' says he. Why,' says I, because you know its no go wid me.' Very well, your Honour knows, this flustrated him a bit. Now, says I, there shall be no fall ing out here about your heddicashun, for you've little enough of that to fight about.' And so, your Worship, we went outside, and they all fill upon me and got me down, when one of them just gave me a kick in the b‘lwels and this cut across my eye, and knocked out some of my teeth, when, faith, I began to be roused—and Michael Donoghue will tell you all the rest." " Look at our charakters, your Worship," ex• claimed all the defendants at once—each producing a piece of dirty paper—" and let John Grady show such a charakter. ' " Show such a charakter !" responded John Grady, " why don't I live by my charakter ?" " Faith, Master Grady," replied old Lynch, " if you've nothing better than your charakter to live upon, you won't have many paraties to fill your stummick." " And by the powers, Master Lynch," answered Grady, " if you have no other manes of getting your living but your heddicashan you're always bragging about in company, the devil a parater would you get at all at all." The Magistrates stopped the learned dispute, and a whole host of witnesses were called in on both aides ; and, after a very lengthy and learned appeal from old Lynch, which neither the Magistrates or any one else could understand, the defendants were fined 40s. each, with the exception of John, who was ordered to pay for the cart, which, it was proved, he had broken with a pick-axe. The case referred to by Mr. Riley is briefly this A young gentleman and lady residing in England, being violently attached to each other, and the relatives refusing to consent to their union, they agreed to go abroad and put an end to their existence. They arrived at Lisbon, and, with loaded pistols pointed at each other's bosoms, they agreed to fire at the same moment. His pistol took effect, and laid the young lady dead at his feet ; but her's missed fire. On his arrival hi England, he was arrested, tried by Special Commission, and was hanged at Newgate. A REMARKABLE CASE OF SONfNAMBU usu.—About three o'clock on Tuesday morning, a yoeng man, about 20 years of age, was observed running at en extremely rapid pace along Dean-street, Westminster, and through the various other streets, in almost a state of nu dity, till he arrived near the Thames at Millbank, where he halted, exclaiming in an agonising tone, " Oh, save them, save them ! my wife, my child, my love !" and after the pause of an instant, " Oh, they are not there ! they are gone ! I must follow !" at the same running towards the Thames. The person who had observed him in Dean-street, had (although himself a swift runner) with great difficulty kept up with him : however, perceiving his intention, he caught hold of the somnambulist when in the act of rushing into the water. Upon being stopped, the latter burst into tears ; but on recovering himself in some degree, he appeared conscious of his dangerous situation ; and, after thanking his protector for his kind offices, and assuring him he had never been known to walk in his sleep before, he hastily retreated homewards. Even when quite awake, he seemed to gaze at the water with a search ing and troubled look, and it was a difficult task to per suade him that it was but '° the fleeting vision of a dream." EXTRAORDINARY STRUCTURE OF THE LENSES or ANIMALS.-By observing the colours pro duced by reflection from the fibres which compose the crystalline lenses of fishes and ether animals, I have been able t trace these fibres to their origin, and to determine the number of poles or septa to which they are related. The same mode of observation, and the measurement of the distance of the first coloured image from the white image, has enabled me to determine the diameters of the fibres, and to prove that they all taper like needles, dimi nishing gradually from the equator to the poles of the lens, so as to allow them to pack into a spherical superficies as they converge to their poles or points of origin. These coloured images, produced by the fibres of the lens, are in a line perpendicular to the direction of the fibres, and by taking an impression on oax from an indurated lens the colours are communicated to the wax. In se veral lenses I have observed colo ured images at a great dis tance from the cor.inon image, but lying in a direction coincident with that o f the fibres ; and from this I in ferred, that the fibre s were crossed by joints or lines, whose distance was so small as the 11,000 th part of an inch ; and I have lately found, by the use of very power of extreme minuteness, the colours b ;ui e kl i e ri mt g hicorsoesocofa producedpe that each fibre has in this case t eet h a b c y k, the lines which him the sides of each tooth. —.Dr. Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopsedis, Vol. XIX. Treatise era Optics, ty Dr. .11' etester NECESSITY OF THE DIFFUSION OF THE FINE ARTS. (From the Englishman's Register.) L'ame s'eleve ain,i a des esperances pleine d'enthou biasme et de vertu ; car la be.iute est une dans l'univers, et sous quelque forme qu'elle se presente, elle excite tou lours une emotion religicuse dans le cur de l'homme."—. Corinne. It is very much to be wished, that among all the efforts that are making for the instruction of the people, some could be directed towards giving them an acquaintance with those arts which, al though not exactly useful, contribute neverthe less so largely to throw a charm, or, as it were, a relish, over our lives. Music, painting, and sculpture, are called fine, or beautiful, arts, be cause they are the means of presenting to our senses the realization of the sentiment of beauty which all men naturally possess in a greater or less degree, but which, without cultivation or exercise, is in danger of being stifled or extin guished. The fine arts are the means of keep ing up a connection between the world, consist ing of matter, which we do know, and that ideal .k . orld which we do not know any otherwise than by our imaginations. When we hear music, a certain effect is produced upon us by the har mony of the sounds, which arises not from the mere gratification of the sense of hearing, but from its putting into action the sentiments of beauty existing in the human mind. By the excitement of this sentiment, our nature is made more pure, more generous, and more noble, be cause we become conscious that there is some- thing within us which is attracted by an unknown and invisible power, and which we would fain think is of a less perishable nature than our mortal body. When we look on a fine picture, such as on a Virgin of Raphael, we are so im pressed by its grace, simplicity, and loveliness, that our minds are brought under the immediate influence of some power, which, as compared with our ordinary feelings, may well be called divine. When, again, we contemplate the form of man represented in the perfection of strength, dignity, and nobleness, as in the Apollo Belvi dere, or that of woman, embodied in the soft, delicate, and modest beauty of the Venus de Medici, we are led to feel that our species has something in its nature beyond the mere mechanism of our frames—something ideal as well as something material in it—something heavenly as well as something brutal. These c onsiderations being applicable to all men alike, it is much to be desired that steps could be taken for the diffusion of music among those classes who are at present without the means of enjoying that delightful solace of leisure hours. It ought to be taught in all parochial schools, where there are funds enough ; and when few young per sons in any parish might have attained a to lerable proficiency and fondness for it, a musical taste would very soon be communicated to the other members of their families. It would then become incumbent on the friends of education to raise funds for the purchase of instruments of the cheaper kind, such as guitars, flutes, &c., and also for the publication of printed music in a cheap form. Periodical concerts might also be established, even in small villages, by way of giving an impetus to the plan. In regard to painting and sculpture also, the schools ought to be supplied with prints, or lithographs, of the most celebrated pictures, and plaster casts of the best statues, so that the rising generation may have them always present before their eyes; and explanations, by way of familiar lectures, ought to be given them. With this preparation no time should be lost in establishing national galleries, not only in London, but in all provin cial towns having a considerable population, which should contain, besides such original pic tures as could be get together, copies of the best existing pictures and statues. It need hardly be said that all such galleries ought to be kept constantly open, free of fees, and without any such abominable distinction of persons as is now made in some places of public resort, such as the garden in St. James's-park. There is pro bably no country in Europe so much in need of the sort of civilization we have mentioned as ours ; and we hope and trust the time will come when effoits will be made to give the people notions of what is healthful, as well as what is usefut. The diffusion of the fine arts would go tar towards changing the mercenary character, which has, perhaps justly, been assigned to us AS a nation. W. EXTRAORDINARY VELOCITY OF LIGHT' —Light moves with a velocity of 192,500 miles in a second of time. It travels from the sun to the earth is seven minutes and a half. It moves through a space equal to the circumference of our globe in the eighth part of a second, a flight which the swiftest bird could not per form in loss than three weeks. —Dr. Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopedia, Vol. XIX. Treatise on Optics, by Dr. Brewster. PAGANINI.—He is a man of eccentric cha racter and irregular habits. Though generally resident at Curio, he has no fixed engagement; but, as occasion maY require, wakes a trading voyage through the principal cities of Italy, and can always procure a theatre, upon the condition of equal participation in the receipts. Many stories are told of the means by which he has acquired 10 6 astonishing style—such as his having been imprisoned tea years with no other resource—and the like. But, hoc" ever this may be, his powers over the violin are roost es traordinary. PAGANINI's performance bears the stamp of the eccentricity of his character. As to mechanisoli, it is quite perfect ; his tone and the thrilling intonation of his double stops are electric ; his bow moves as if it were part of himself, and endued with life and feeling ; 11 ' 6 staccato is more strongly marked than I ever knew; a ad! in the smoother passages, there is a glassiness, if any 0 . 0 may so say, which gives you the notion of the pe r fe cto ' s of finish, and the highest refinement of practice. Though , in general, there is an ambition to display his own talents) by an excess of ornament, yet he can, if he will, pial with simplicity and pathos, and then his power over the passions is equal to that of any orator or actor.--Mathew s Diary of an Invalid. BIRTHS. On the ist inst. at Hammond cottage, near Cheshunt, the 1 3 " of C. Johnston, Esq. of a daughter. On the Ist inst. in Gloucester-place, Portman-square, the 13 " of I. Cohen, Esq , of a daughter. On the Ist inst. in Saville.row, the lady of Dr. 11. Davies , °f 3 daughter. On the 2d inst. the lady of Captain D. R. Newall, East India service, of a son. MAh e At Carlsruhe, May 19, Capt ß ain ßlED. Drummond (Melfort) t ,l Baroness de Rothberg Coligny of Rheinweiler, widow of Gene Count Rapp, Peer of France. da O ug n h t t h er e t i h n e st ia a e t Bermondsey, t Es he q ß , e l v it l h V L . a Curling to Ma d ' On the 2d. inst. at BAtersea, T. Owen, Esq. of Haverford w to Isabella Jane, only daughter of J. J. Rule, Esq., of Clapha , common. Cal' On the Ist inst. at St. Ge or ge th e Martyr, Queen-squa re, D. Dutf; 37th Regiment Madras Native Infantry, to Eliza' ) Catherine, youngest daughter of the late W. Dutf, Esq. et On the Ist inst. at St. Pancras, Mr. J. 0. Thompson, ',,,, - e st W. Thompson, Esq. , of Liverpool, to Mary Eliza, yeloo daughter of the late 11fajor Burn. , On the 2d inst. at Cheltenham, P. A. Browne, Esq., on'Y o ro-, On the Ist inst. at Wandsworth, J. Saunders, of A. Browne, Esq. of Devonshire-place, Marylebone, to of hue Jescinthia, third daughter of Sir Charles H. Rich, Bar" Shirley-house, Hants. Esq., eld es li t fr il i of Dr. Saunders, Rector of Kirtlin g t on , Oxfordshire, t° Magdalen, the second d a u g ht er o f J. Morris, Esq., of East" Wandsworth. „field, On the Ist inst. at Ki ngs t on, W . B at t , E sq ., of Art ). titer county Kildare, Irel an d, t o Z e li ca D a l rymp l e , eldest da u g f Charles Cheshire, Esc., of Elm Grove Lodge, Soothsea. nt-Surgeon East IndC E om p p . Issista Esrl• late At Reading, Berkshire, Anne, widow of J. Morison, • Coleman/ On the ' l / 4 1 -tut. Anne, wife of Mr. J. Battye, of __,l city-ru -- itreet, and daughter of Mr. Wm. Allen, York -place , tgei4 24. G. A. ; m the let inst. Harriet, youngest daughter of the late Ike, Esq., of Manchester, aged f... 2. 14 64 i any's Service. N. On the '27th ult. at Coates, Sussex, Vent. 'E King, R. , 22, youngest son of the late J. King, 1'',11.........._....... I'ItPiTED AND PUBLIMIED BY MURDO YOUNG, As Stn.; °mot, 11; SIRAND, LOND9 N, r) G' AIEN7 Grad° HS Pill ties of lionou At a and BE held on Birth• nimous a Tritii tribute gram]. for his med iati 2d. for care and tin] masters and B, Society mittee. 3d. mittee 4th. sisting media Lions o by sucl Lug a an earl The T' SCIE/ the N Volum Britain Electrc of the illustra Profess RESII T, S T I The a dinii ments, resider of Fiel The of Nin may by Lymin C. II (Lettei CAM beAt-KE Engl3, Leadei ably ti and er bine t Memt at An ing fr and tinisi lions inters in RI subje " On arisit Weal very Ifl•ita tiitiot stark. Steri taut " WI noct, streel Bath W oo , ter Leer], Pla - t 1 )0w, each.