The Sun. — London, England, 1831-01-15 00:00:00

he quePti; per reC wed." who die the moot, Lndkercb' )y the 0 ' lieatre,. iminethp tremeo4 upper encour, r a rope: ere wal DIRGE FOR THE LATE POPE. •ho pra least W 1 , serve. 10°,1 THEATRICAL CAUSE. E $ 1 , AW- bc a ture, seed d IghtY, boil In to .8 and ; ▪ mode l Cif riot t arid be f • thaed 11 ° 1 1 ' ° 11 ; r ecr .o t bad the ramily 6011' but rfi l t ( ) o f au° 0 4 be q uit . , 1 (te. Boa a• Aro td seas' )atio u e cori h ,read s . 0 4 tO, fa sougb!od ) lie °tie tiered led, t.), 3 bis Ole I' Whe el° c $ O4 0 w ere „gi -nd Lady CAR FMr. and Miss OTWAT CAVE, Mr. and Hon. Airs. P A L t , , Mr. W. CROFFORD, Mr., Mrs , and Miss 1 , 0 „ - " 1- 1....s;, Rev. G. and Mrs. SHIFFNER, Sir H. SEA.. 44; 1 Sir A., L a dy, an d Mi ss JOIINsToN, Rev. R. and 11 WALrotat Air. and Mrs. DOUGLAS, Mr. F. SHIFF -4; ' Sir GE OR GE MARTIN , Mr. GEIPPS, Mr. and Mr'. k —ti othka Rev.J. G. For.zy, Rev. J. M. DAaIN S, 1j', 444 Mr:. W. Nun/NT, the Misses BARNET, Captain It,. ItLas) 4 Ho n Mrs. BURTON, Captain L. GOWER, Mr. E. n. Itotetterday forenoon a solemn dirge was performed at the te i t4 Catholic Chapel, in Moorfields, for the late Pope V III., who died on the 30th of November,in the krt, Year of his age. The altar, the pulpit, and other N it ; o f the chapel, were hung with black ; and in the Pets,: 4 of the chapel, under a lofty canopy of black dra bis;' a nd surmounted by black feathers in profusion, a It'l l i oi /v " placed, covered with a rich velvet pall, upon dis *and i n var i ous p ar t s o f th e c h a p e l, were escu t c h eons with Wahl g the armorial bearings of the deceased, quartered ti, t Others of the Roman See ; and at each side of d"'er were rows of large lighted tapers. At form e r ` for - )pes it has been customary to exhibit the crosier, the keys, and other insignia of the on the top of the coffin, but on the present /ere omitted. Three Bishops namely, Drs. Gradwell, and the Catholic Bishop of New at the service, with a great many of the the deceased was originally Francis Xavier it in accordance with the ancient custom of iged his name upon his elevation, and as- Pius the Eighth. 7oniced in early life by Pius the Sixth, who I to the Bishopric of Montalto ; and, when, Laporte seized the Papal States, carried off the Seventh, and kept him in captivity iu, the Bishop being also conveyed into 'vested with full powers as his temporary to whom the Bishops might secretly apply teeming the church. Pius upon his return 1 14, rewarded him with the dignity of Car. the Slot of March, 1829, he was elected to ARNOLD'S PETITION: GRACIOUS MAJESTY KING WILLIAM IV. 'ETITION OF SAMUEL JAMES A R NOLD, SOLE PROPRIETOR OF THE T H EATRE_ ENGLISH OPERA HOUSE, LATELY DE ED BY FIRE, alloweth, That early in the year 1809, a 'anted by the command of your Majesty's re '.ing George 111., to enable your Majesty's Itablish an English Opera House, for the en native talent, and the improvement of the teal drama. • Majesty's petitioner enjoyed the said licence 'ear, for seven successive years, without any the number of his performances, or any re any particular season. it 'ark. after the lamented decease of his august patron, ivb al , e ,'tY's petitioner was, in the year 1816, for rea illees -°"/' unexplained to him, restricted in his perform ,4°ltes:°, a short season of four months only, during the the s P tis "ind of the year—namely, from the sth of June al October, when the town is empty ; and dur -IPtneg l' " it has been , found impossible to defray the heavy 4 ti le : 4 atter,ding so costly a branch of the drama, and of l'Alitoit'e erected at an enormous expellee, for seasons of tfat it ell d uration, in the full confidence that a Royal l.rh°llld never be recalled. t14!t4,„ , 4ti o Febr uary last the whole of the theatre, with v 41" ex Property thereto belonging (to the amount in last 67,0001.) was, in a few hours, reduced to it Majesty's petitioner fiads it impossible, even stance of his friends, to rebuild his theatre in as to preserve the credit he sas already ac during his limited seasons) for promoting and he school of English music, the charges at leavy outlay necessary for such purpose being Preclude the slightest chance of a remuner during so short a season. lielty's petitioner, therefore, humbly prays that .r will be graciously ploased to extend your be "n4ideration to his unfortunate case, and to pro 'thmal object which your Majesty's revered in view, by directing that the English Opera be restored to its original form, and thereby !!etitioner to realize his long-cherished views in highly -popular object of establishing a na elm for the encouragement of English talent 4114 Your artiets- Majesty's petitioner will ever pray." A s it 13 t cW , un derstood that Si r W IL LIAM G AR - I 'll jr bill to retire from the Court of Exchequer; and to I t loaxr, th e p resen t S o li c itor-General, the n ew . • 4 an. tiv Baron, hasun derstand that the Kinn. of HOLLAND atl ,tlorde r f or 300 piecesof cannon to the Co!e• NhA o 4 ' e ftmn . 40 0 dee• The price said to be 601. for each 54 0 :8 M AJEsTv has al so or d ere d i n England 1 , 11 Y 4 rda of woollen cloth. hen tAe HON. CAPT. SIR ROBERT SPENCER. ;:liaan " numb er of the United Service Journal t al ted offi ezellent biographical account of this distin feerltive the 5 whose death we lately announced. The 14. pstticeionghout is written with great judgment, and h ° M et ,. arIY recommend the sensible remarks on the Y th e of maintaining the efficiency of our Naval Force "bploy m : nits ent of young, active and intelligent officers. 0 . /A t ItD A NT ,, thi Ilia u LRSEA'S VISIT TO THE THEA •ellency's intention of visiting the theatre 4e51 several g was known only a few hours on Saturday, ' 11 ) 41 :, t ee na , u l - 4 'xes were secured, and the applications t ee di, ee : a n !limns since, that we believe very few re the e d. A vice-regal visit to the Dublin Thee ts,ll6,,st Rinfteenlat.ter of novelty; and, besides, this being rated a „ , , 1.1 came into the possession of the present v th e ipee " apirited lessee, great anxiety is felt, owing th e `f,,l n _ !tate occurrences, regarding the reception 4 j o .1 ` bie Lord will meet with. Dublin Free- cLA it - - rt •-- Trlrr. ptr COURT CIRCULAR. t o ,„„7e Duke and Duchess of CUMBERLAND returned to rday, g ir ;T a h_tt i reday evening from their residence at Kew. Clark, I, - qe 34; but Ittg,att,l,..y 1 lighuesses took an airing yesterday in the ) The • park. he Archbishop of CANTERBURY, the Earl of Essex, urns• s.. m : .1.5 CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER, visited Earl t heard 114 yesterday, at the Treasury. at chertse , 4 the o D espatches ie were received yesterday, and on Thursday, w ig a li s t o, °: e d i e ° ; krt _ en ffi t • of the Secretary of State for the Home De- s ter . , I , l° , from the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Copies of is pas '",` gespatches were forwarded to all the Cabinet Ministers. t t h s e ta n3 ted_g Archbishop of CASTER/WILT, the Duke of ARGYLL,. not . o c r eo .Vl sco '_ i ntG J AM ES GRAHAM, had interviews yesterday with ODERICH, at the Colonial-office. te lth e re. deputation, headed by Mr. HUME, M.P., attended at , m e d t, b_et.n .t ,t 4. l . _ c :sury yesterday, and had a conference with the c _1 3 1 1 . 7 UDS. of the EXCHF-QUER. h i ttn T : sof LANSDOWNE visited Viscount PAL, Toll yesterday, at the Foreign.offi p fte :s , P fo tt . ht , h , es . were sent off last evening from the Foreign- , 4pd v iscount GRANVILLE, our Ambassador at Paris, rheo d a y.) , A tr , 4 4 ' , o for Lord PoNsoNnv, Our Ambassador in the `e- last ell* louse , 1 , f his Ern e BRIGHTON, JAN. 14. irate WI in a carriage this morning, I cerei no r .AAJESTIES drove out , 00 n as /ou r I ,' ° ' by outriders, and returned to the Palace about ' !r. weldrioircell:etth.cloc.l,!: MAJESTY the KING and QUEEN enjoy excellent were Rich His AJEIiTY looks remarkably well, and walks .melye d: f l; , th tir great, Al. firmness. The extreme regularity observed by T more ,i4ealti, "EsTin must be essentially conducive to their lci t i stt `'i rni The K . ING takes very little wine, and generally idi 3 t he dinner-table before nine o'clock, and joins .roclaito e ' .114 l utteN in the drawing-room, where her MAJESTY and h wa g 00,1sp dr a diea of her "sU 't are generally employed at needle- ss an d cOr r -• Her MAJESTY never plays at cards, but is enthu- , . ly fond of music, at which her MAJESTY is a most Frei, p t • , The QUEEN'S private band is con ir t ° ' r rf n attendance every evening. Her MAJESTY 15 a l'O s ; p:lnremitting in her attentions to the KING. !ai L and d Awo wer toer on na tion, t0 r . 41, 14 ce o eca i:TAothia dayarko,steoroLo Lor M of the day. His Royal Highness leaves t , for Lord GACE'S on a shooting excursion. e of di subs)d fi r th,,,e Royal dinner party yesterday was augmented by I„ersob j et orVj iritl e ° i _enceof the following distinguished persons :—The isy.i pott : a nd Marchioness of BRISTOL arid family. Sir for pa . sl,t y; "_x . l i l e art.rn . s, General Urrox, and General WHEAT. :11 very 0 1 %, .4 . 114 "_ 4 ll . evening there was a select party, the Quitxx's the c. OO the pi s Pin attendance; Mr. GUTERIDGE played a solo on and a gr " 0 -forte. hich it typt : i beral 'WHEATLEY arrived at the Palace yesterday ; but, nt• ww id t ko °4l AR - • • ig i 4 St. RAN is in the departure list : the Earl of ER- N ill on a visit to their MAJESTIES nvites .1 1 . 1I p; calls at the Palace include Lord . and Lad he clue CAR., )t for tL e • others r t pass 10:j di, bier We rel3' ltll 4 for P op I P 41 : 1 4 tiara, e i n the go g ° , 4l;ignity, ke, a nd t', 1141,„'' they w, ith the P 4 fr 0 %, 1 4 and C t o the Lerg,r-odsted led f r oni ' • The " o:dp na me of vent tno ° Pes, ,a, but i!r oveded;',; I lra t d ne (thaw nhrokol3",,l wtbss4 pat f I ro Vednes its 1 „ ittod him lt he 9 , Boons I :re If four (. °llt • l'iu " tt four ainbl it' i„ beetP ~tepr e e ' Wae in t§ node rate ° l t a R atter s live barriitli, 1 tue, .e°oce .tiye in *lt ' 11 !onfsagratti,, et'eeti Leo cio th ,h e deroo r , Lths, RoP%,, Tt iE years of o va 11 up on t o; "t oh , 2fin . iuld sub, 440 „,il O ST G' her essw onfessed ar,; reS(R. 'sEOTI ffeet the '; sTli''AL, 011 EC They , unAi i , 8 , , rfom was i r : some t' ir; tit' hither, kr,, !Ince. 131,0iii)44-411r to only 0 1 2 ; 1044, era o f Ig • tr. weather 4 f or coneeale" ;the Your Mr. •fiti;iitr:,tatio 'ole y, public jolt,' "as to to pro o 4 ' to a Alt 1..4t deserve , V Ave;:.,,/ 'm was W3de t i a ne tv ball "Y in orae r A , t o Y conver' 0 0 t ot a 51', t`est perk but but di d ( ) in g s th of asion, red et L ich it ,r and t r io k t1 1 : 143 att e ; l ' Led to t'ji brili; lte e eree publie,••7 4 , 0 4 _ eit tm i t ; the oroi ( r: t leotil d duri an iroP u „,o l tl ke • ", lig last ,rir a 1: 1 44,4 1 : 1 9 icy; 1 1 c * 4 14: t 'f . at l aa s • „ _OO O v v • Th a . , op ! ith . y our on the b ° i p lath e assi st the Ste Or t itli teti 4 styl e line ! ! tb eee (e ven ad'v lP o o te kli n t4 g i ng tl nessiog c t i i l 2 tr e t he he of tvre` „ e s -tiA t -4 to lay the 'reft Pceek, A f °4 ,e Nisi ass of fi ; Byropo t k ete , enai do l i r k% th e ' Ode, v er , • poor , ( It _een ee in partie ° o ; 11 ktile : i 4 l a y b e refuge I jtsrd e Pet eing rsti °l o l? a '°4ltl a t ° the hen) rel:1 -41 d t.rera, a the e%P r a lllll a. ye a "g You, soa t o e day, i 7ork 11. `f „ , Ito u , Is un ee, w any pi , ' COAL TRADE. TO THE EDITOR OF THE S much misapprehension appears to exist on the causes which have produced the Various evils that afflict the " Coal Ttade," even amongst those classes most interested, and who, under ordin iry circumstances, ought to be the best informed on the subject, together with the divereity of opinions held by the same classes, as to the best modes of removing those causes,• or averting their consequences, that one of the uninitiated might be led to suppose some peculiar mystery was connected with the employment of capital in mining, and in carrying the pro ducts of mines to market. It might be well, Sir, if any looker on, one, for instance, whose head was not surcharged with carburetted hydrogen, or mouth sealed with carbonic acid gas, who did not belong to that very improvident class of " merchant ad venturers," who uniformly and voluntarily buy at a max imum and sell at a minimum ; it would he well, Sir, if one so circumstanced were to recur to first principles, which appear to have been by all parties directly interested in this question most grossly violated. Having no con- nection, either directly or indirectly, with any of these classes, and fully appreciating the evils produced by an erroneous system, I have presumed to pen the following remarks. It will most readily be granted— That supply and demand best adjust themselves ; And, That the least possible interference with t le em ployment of capital either by the Legislature, or by any self-constituted bodies, is best. These general principles I take it must be admitted by all, and that no mode of employment of capital can exist to render it necessary to act contrary to their dictate. Now, Sir, bearing in mind the above stated principles, let us inquire how far they have been acted upon, or interfered with, as regards the case or cases under our review. To begin with the Legislature :--They, we find, have exorbitantly taxed an article of consumption, which is, taking our climate with its " pestilent congregation of vapours" into account, with the habits, manners, customs, and wants of its inhabitants, little less necessary than bread, and that too so partially, that on the spot where coal is raised no tax whatever exists, while in the metro polis, where under any circumstances fuel would necessa rily be highest in price, a tax of about one-eighth on the usual selling price is levied. To put the effects of this tax in a stronger point of view, in limiting the consumption and consequently abridging the comforts and necessaries of the community, let us put down the annual charge of a small family near this town, and of one in London. Here twelve fothers of coals cost, at 65., Si. 12s. ; in London* eight chaldrons at 505., 201. ; the proportion of tax in the latter, 21. 10s., or between six and seven weeks' consump tio❑ of the London family, or 46 weeks of the family in this neighbourhood. So closely has the Legislature adhered to those prin ciples, in thus, by their own act, limiting the demand when every other circumstance might have convinced them the supply would most unnaturally increase. Let us next see what the collective wisdom of the North has done. They, Sir, to use their own words, have entered into an association to regulate their own trade in the way most conducive to their own interests, as all other traders do, " and as the Northern Lights assert, they have t a legal right to do." The baker, butcher, grocer, druggist, and surgeon may meet, and I have no doubt some of these trades or profes sions, and all of them, for ought I know, do meet and regulate prices ; but does the baker say to his customer, take this large loaf, I can sell you no biscuits; if I do I must know where you eat them t ; the butcher, take this round, my offal must waste; the grocer give you vinegar,when sugar or alspice is wanted : does the druggist offer a pur gative when a tonic is asked for, or the surgeon bleed when a restorative is required? and do they not all supply themselves at the best possible markets with what goods they severally require, and each carry on his business at the least possible expense ? This self-constituted body, Sir, act very differently ; net content with fixing a price " mostconducive to their own interests," they extend their conservative care still further; they controul both the quantity and quality sold, no doubt, lest a glut should take place, and their poor compatriots, poorer workmen, or the parishes, be injured thereby. They not only do all this, Sir, but their system, founded in wisdoiet and bene ficence, extends its advantages still further. The rich citizen must pay one price, the poor Irishman and medi ocre Scotchman another ; it even does not end at John o'Groat's House. This most conducive and enlightened body extend their care to every corner of the known world, and should the march of intellect aid them with a convenient tram road" o'er the abyss of profound chaos," himself might, I have no doubt, be made conducive to their interests, so ingenious are they in expedients. The Secretary and Chairman of this conducive body state that some collieries cannot be carried on but at a cost of from 30 to 40 per cent. more than others ; and that thus a price proportionable high must of course be had by all, that those poorer brethren may be kept above ground. Delectable beneficence ! This is the first time I have, Mr. Editor, seen this principle admitted by the participators in the spoil, who are contented to confess they thus take from " Eight chaldrons of coals, London measure, are equal to four Newcastle chaldrons, or twelve fothers. t In opposition to the presumed, and often asserted right claimed by the coal-owners, that by law they have a right to do with their own what they please, I beg leave to submit the perusal of the following act, which is still in force, to the consideration of the public, vie., the 9th of Anne, chap. 28, entitled, " An Act to dissolve the present, and prevent the future combination of coal owners, lightermen, masters of ships, and others, to ad vance the price of coals, in prejudice of the navigation, trade, and manufacture of this kingdom, and for the fur ther encouragement of the coal-trade" : " Whereas the cities of London and Westminster, and other places, are chiefly supplied with coals brought by sea from the counties of Durham, Northumberland, and town and county of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and having the same at cheap and reasonable prices, tends greatly to the improvement of the manufactures and increase of trade and navigation of this kingdom, by breeding and employ ing many thousands of skilful mariners for the service of his Majesty, and defence of the realm, and to the relief of the poor ; and for that end, and for the better advancing of the duties upon coals granted to her Majesty for the carrying on the present war against the common enemy, it is necessary the same shall not be monopolized, but the coal-trade shall be free and open, and that all prejudices, hinderances, and obstructions, that may any ways affect the said trade, should be removed, prevented, and hindered. Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most excellent Ma jesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commans in Parliament as sembled, and by the authority of the same, that all and every contract or contracts, covenants and agreements, whether the same be in writing or not in writing, and whether heretofore made or entered into by or between any coal-owners, lightermen, fitters, masters, or owners of ships, or vessels, crimps, coal-flu-tors, or other person or persons whatsoever concerned in the said coal-trade, for engrossing coals, or for restraining or hindering any per son or persons whatsoever frotn freely selling, buying, load ing or unloading, navigating or disposing of coals, in such manner as they lawfully may, shall be, and are here by declared to be illegal, null, and void, to all intents and purposes ; and further, that if any coal-owners, lighter men, fitters, masters or owners of ships or vessels, crimps, coal-factors, or any other person or persons whatsoever, shall at any time or times from and after the Ist day of Jane, 1711, keep up, continue, act in, make, eater into, sign, seal, or be knowingly entrusted or con cerned in any contract or contracts, covenants or agree ments, before by this Act declared to be illegal, null, and void, or shall erect or keep up any office or offices, cham ber or chambers, or other place or places far the manage ment of such contract or contracts, covenants or agree ments, as party or parties to, or knowingly inti rested in the sante, or shall any way act or officiate therein, as office clerk, agent, or servant to or for the persons so contracting, agreeing, or acting, contrary to the true intent and meaning of this Act, the person or persons so offending shall, fur every such of fence, forfeit and pay as follows, that is to say, every coal owner or owners, or proprietor of or in any pit or mine or mines of coal, the sum of 1001. ; and every fitter, whether acting for himself, his agent or servant, the 811I11(if 30/. ; and every master or owner of any ship or vessel, the sum of 2 01 . ; and every officer, clerk, agent, or ser vant, as aforesaid, the sum of 201." t It frequently happens that when a ship owner or mer chant applies to the coal owner for to purchase a cargo of coals, he is immediately asked what he is going to do with them, where he is going to send them to, &c. as on a sa tisfactory answer depends the price to be charged. As a further illustration of this system, I will name a transac tion which took place recently at Newcastle :—A mer chant bought a cargo of coals of considerable magnitude at ss. per Newcastle chaldron, which he had engaged to send to Ireland ; the contract was not carried into effect, and he was obli g ed to send them to London for sale ; on appli cation to the coal office for certificates to comply with the regulations of the London market, he was told that if the coals were sent to London the price would be 14s. per clialdron instead of 55., a pretty specimen of the effect of an association to regulate flair own trade." . . $1 the pockets of the community at large 30 to 40 per cent. more in price than the produce they deal in could be sup plied for. That the worst land in cultivation determines rents, and of course, the price of bread corn, or otherwise it could not be cultivated to a profit, is a truth admitted by all political economists, and that the lower in the scale the land cultivated, the higher the rent, or profits upon each grade in the scale ascending. But although this prin ciple has been well known, it has never been put so bare facedly forward by the land owners, a body equally alive to and ingenious in framing laws conducive to their peculiar interests. The operation of this principle produces another specks of tax upon the community of a mean of 35 per cent. upon the price of coals at Newcastle, or of about 1-7th part of the usual price of a London chaldron, equal to about seven weeks' consumption of a small family in the metropolis. But Sir, the mischief does not end here, the principle above developed, and admitted by the organs of the Coal Committee to be a primary one in the basis on which their " union for some certain purpose" rests, as you must observe, is an extremely dangerous instrument in hands who can, and have the power, for a time, to apply it so improperly: 30 and 40 per cent. may net con tinue to suit the views or pockets of this self-constituted body ; other collieries, more inferior either in quality or situation may, nay, must necessarily, however unreason ably, be prematurely stimulated into action, 50 and 60 per cent. may be required to render them profitable, and thus a further tax by the difference of about 1-10th more levied upon the already suffering community. We here see, Sir, in full operation the primary evil of all monopolies an undue profit, their morbid essence, the very first principle not only of their existence, but the sure precursor of their decay. This undue profit falls, erroneously falls, an accu mulating tax upon the public, at one and the same time operating as a bonus on production and a circumscriber of the demand, until the supply under the unsound system bea comes two unwieldy for management, it then rapidly breaks down amidst incalculable mischiefs of its own creating, aed a new and better order of things arise from its ruins. There are still, Sir, more evils arising fronathe ill judged and almost criminal interference of 0114 body. The enormous profits thus forced from the public by a com paratively small body of individuals, who from their situa tion in society necessarily carryon their concerns by agency, induces, what has been usually glanced at, profligate and erroneous modes of management, and an enormous waste, quality and price in the London market being every thing ; from these sources an additional load for the already over done public to bear may be adduced. These evils shew how closely this body, as all bodies " uniting for some certain purpose" connected with the employment of capital and their own profit will do, has adhered to the few simple principles which ought to govern the employment of capital, and with which we set out. It was my intention to notice the two corporations, and how far they have been governed by the principles we have adopted as our guide in reviewing this question, but I have been almost involuntarily' led into the production of a much longer letter than I at first contemplated, and can only spare room to add that I am happy in saying that al though there is some cause of complaint against our own corporation, principally as respects the ballast and the conservatorship of the river, which - errors I trust to see shortly remedied ; yet the Corporation of the city of Lon don have long suffered evils connected with the coal trade to exist diametrically opposed to the general principles I have advanced. They too, seem to have been convinced of their errors, and the very able and sound report of the City Committee induces me to think those evils will in a short space of time be ameliorated, and this, Sir, is as much, and perhaps, all we can expect from corporations. Now, Sir, to conclude, Icorne to speak of that numerous class the " Merchant Mariners," a body of men who, as connected with this question, ought to be delicately and very leniently dealt with. They, Sir, setting the public aside, have of all parties directly interested been most hardly dealt with, and felt most severely the evils arising from the erroneous system pursued by the other bodies we have had under our review. It can hardly be expected that a class so numerous and so dissimilarly cir cumstanced, can be brought to act upon a uniform plan, or adopt any common mode of removing the evils that beset them. Many of these individuals are no doubt under the pressure of a necessity produced by this almost criminal system, so entangled, what with coal owners, fitters, factors, and all the multitudinous smaller fry it has brought forth, that they are no longer free agents, the evils of the day so astounding they dare net face to-morrow, but mast sink or swim with the greater Leviathan. If it were possible, Sir, I would recommend this class to cease being " Merchants ;" let them as good and able " Mari ners" put their hand manfully to the wheel, and exert all their skill and energies in freeing themselves from the shoals and quicksands that baffle their course ; let them lay aside at once and for altogether the part they enact so clumsily, and no longer depend upon a market, where to them there is no chance of profit, and leave to those who contrary to all fixed principles controul that market the chances of the die they load. Let the shipowner depend upon freight alone; the coal-owner must have his pro ducts carried to market, his operations cannot proceed but with a quick return; one month's adherence to this system by all those ship-owners who have t /bow room and who can act for themselves, would mightily tend to do away all that is rotten and bad, to the adoption of a wiser and better system for the future. Another piece of advice I would with due deference give to this class is, to unite, heart and hand with the " Com_ mon Council of the City of London," the report of whose Committee en the coal trade is printed, and appears to me not only well written, but, what is much better, sound in its principle; let a correspondence be instantly opened, e i_ milar interests and a familiar intercourse would tend to much good, as each party would acquire additional strength in attempting and pursuing any plan for their mutual ad vantage and the good of the community; the tone is fa vourable, anti both parties agree in the main, that the great evil is the existence amongst the coal-owners of the north, of a " Union for some certain purpose" which overrides all other interests, and which, if practicable, ought to be put ac end to by law. There is only one other point, Sir, to which I would call the attention of the ship-owners. It is with some surprise, and no small degree of pain, that I have heard some of that body object to petition the Legislature for a reduction of the coasting duty on seaborne coal, I shall say nothing as to the overseer ; to get rid of this tax I do think would be most desirable; it would not only be a great relief to a very numerous body of their fellow-countrymen, but, by increasing the consumption of coal, give the car rier more employment, and tend likewise in some measure to break up the unnatural system of management ; rea sons which ought to have their due weight ; the ship o%vner has long sought allies amongst his fellow -country men to aid and strengthen him in getting his peculiar wrongs redressed, and it would be becoming as well as po litic in him, to aid so large a portion of the community in endeavouring to obtain the remission of a tax which bears so onerously and so partially upon them ; it. is futile to allege the existence of the greater evil, get rid of all the evil you can ; the greater as well as the lesser of it is practicable. Such is the law which I submit ought to lae applied to a certain office, kept for a certain purpose, in a certain street, in the town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, as on the removal of the baneful influence of this self-constituted and organized body rests the great interest of the public, as far as the coal trade is concerned, and without which no re duction of duty, nor change of system in its collection, either local or foreign, can effectually relieve the public. I am, Ric. AN OBSERVER. The SPEAKER has been entertaining some of the Ex-Ministers and a party, at his shooting seat, Mistley Hall, Essex. HISTORY OF CIIIVALRY.—The Fourth Number of the National Library ; which bears the above designation, exemplifies afresh Mr. JAMES'S well-known power of communicating interest and vitality to the events and personages of the historic page. The subject in ques tion is one that must engage the particular approbation of the gentler sex, for whom the reco r d o f knightly deeds is ever replete with thrilling attraction, and who, in the perusal of productions like this, may enjoy all the captivation of romance with the attendant advantage of confirming their acquaintance with fact. It is said that there is some news in town, by way of France, from Lisbon. It is further said that it is two days later than the intelligence brought by the packet, but the exact purport of it we have not been able to ascer tain. One says that Don MIGUEL has abdicated, and ano ther that he is dead. We should imagine that his abdica tion is quite out of the question ; but, with regard to his death, we shall only observe that such an event is, at least, ver y possible, and, if we may rely upon certain letters brought by the last packet, not at all improbable. These letters stated that " Don MIGUEL is said to be very ill, the result of too large a dose of 'We give the above reports as we have heard them, at the same time observing that several of the leading Portuguese Liberals, with whom we have conversed, do not attach much credit to them, much as they wish them to be true.— Morning Herald. EVILS OF IGNORANCE. (From the Morning Chronicle.) In Mr. Justice Alderson's charge to the Jury, at Dorchester, on Tuesday last, there are some excel lent observations on the evils of ignorance, and the duty of the higher classes to endeavour to diffuse the benefits of knowledge among their poorer neigh bours : " By giving to them (said the Learned Judge) an edu cation which shall consist, nut merely in reading and writ ing, but in the knowledge of their various duties ; by en deavouring to make them more prudent and more virtuous citizens, you would place the only effectual bar to the in crease of pauperism, and its consequent wretchedness. Poverty is, I fear, inseparable from the state of the hu man race ; but poverty itself, and the misery attendant upon it, would no doubt be greatly mitigated; if a spirit of prudence were more generally diffused among the people, and if they understood more fully, and practised better, their civil, moral, and religious duties-L-By your advice, therefore, and assistance on these impdrtant sub jects—by your relief of the distresses of the poorer classes, where they exist—by your patient attention to their com plaints, even where those complaints are, from ignorance, ill-founded—but above all, by the force and effect of your own examples." No country is richer in homilies than-England. This is good advice, unquestionably. But, while Mr. Justice Alderson thus lays down to the rich the rules by which they ought to be guided, other men are it seems busy poisoning the minds of the poor. "It is on a population partially distressed, and half-instructed, that evil men have been too suc cessfully practising their dangerous arts. They have endeavoured to persuade the lower orders that they are to be made rich by law rather than by labour, and that a general determination prevails amongst the higher classes to oppress them as tyrants, rather than to assist them as friends." This is exceedingly wrong, when the higher classes set such examSes of disinterestedness for their instruction. - Has it not been demonstrated by the publication of the Pension List, of the sums divided by the Membeis of the Privy Council, of the superannuations, &c., &c., that the higher ranks seek not to benefit them selves at the expense of their fellow-citizens ? To half-instructed men matters may appear in another light; but complete instruction would leave the lower orders full ofadmiration of the virtues of their superiors. No, never was there a grosser misrepresentation than to say that Corn Laws were not intended for the benefit of the poor; the Game Laws were not intended to draw closer ties of affection, which bind together the 'Squire and the peasant; and that tithes are not the mode of remunerating the Clergy, which most tends to promote the lessons of Chris tian morality taught by the pastors of our holy re ligion. When the poor came to be wholly instructed, they will see in all these things only a benevolent design to mitigate the evils inseparable from their condition. One of the half instructed, a Mr. Malcolm, the author of a work in three large octavo volumes, on the Agriculture of Surrey, dedicated io the late Duke of York, of whom he was the surveyor, gives the following account of the working of that part of our institutions which has for object the promo tion of godliness : " Tithe is injurious to the morals of the people, because it sets them at variance with the Ministers of the Gospel ; some it drives front the church to the sectaries, and others to the alehouse ; every man is driven in some way or other to devise means to avoid the payment of the tithe, and oftentimes to destroy, but always to lessen the value of that property, which, by law, belongs to another. It is unjust and insufficient to the parson, because, in a fit of madness, the greater part of the corn lands may be laid down tp grass, as is the case in the parish of Buckland, to the serious diminution of his revenue ; and because in a very large - parish he cannot take his tithe in kind, if he thinks his composition has been too small, but at a cer tainty of a very great loss in spite of all his exertions or his threats. They will take care, by a.previous under standing, to give him notice that at such a time his tithe will be set out ; this will be as _ late in the afternoon as possible (and it is not lawful to enter any man's ground before you have received notice) ; he cannot be with his teams in every, man's farm at the hour which they have appointed ; some will carry the corn before be gets there, and he must, in that cay,,,put up with what they may choose t •to leay. - Welitif as his tithe; whe ther it be fair in quantity or not ; some will make small sheaves, and take care to leave the smallest, which is so placed that it may fall into the fur row, that if it comes wet it may get well soaked ; others will have all the women and children in the field to glean as soon as the farmer begins to carry, who are in structed to have a pull at the parson's tithe ; others will have the tithe beat out in the night; others will have the tithe carried off by wholesale, and pretend to know no thing about it ; others will carry it away in the day time, to prevent, as they say, its being stolen by night. Some won't let you ride into their premises after or with the waggon ; others won't suffer a waggon to enter that has already got any tithe in the waggon, although it should not exceed a dozen shelves, and perhaps the whole parish wig give you but one notice instead of one every day. Again, every one of your tithing men are to be bought by strong beer, drams, and money ; so that in fact it is a complete and perfect robbery of the parson from first to last—from the highest Magistrate in the parish to the very lowest farmer. But should the determination to take the tithes in kind arise from any particular pique on the part of the parson or the impropriator, and be resisted violently on the part of the parish ; as was the ease at Bat tersea and elsewhere, I do not know of a scene more truly deplorable. No language that I can find can paint the consequences in its true colours." There can be no question as to the benevolence of intention towards the lower orders, in supplying them with such pure exemplifications o f Ch r i s ti a n morality in every parish. Pity, however, that the half-instructed should not always be benefitted by these examples. Thus, for instance, Sir T. Gooch, at the Beccles Quarter Sessions, on Monday last, according to The Bury Post, declares that the la bourers have been urged on by their superiors to acts of tumult and violence:— " He declared his readiness to meet the times fairly, and his determination to do all in his power to avert the evil which seemed to threaten us ; but he observed, it could not he done effectually by any one class of persons ; the land lord, the titheholder, and the farm er; were equa ll y ca ll e d on to take an active part in ameliorating the distress in this country. Rent and tithes must be equitably reduced, and employment must be provided for time poor ; be knew, from observation, that there was no part of this county in which em ployment could not be found for many hands that were now idle, and such as would not only remunerate the em ployer, but yield him a profit ; and be was sure that by mana m,rnent, much good might be effected in this way. He was sorry to remark that this part of the cosinty had been disgraced by riotous and tumultuous meetings, and he deprecated the atrocious and un-Englishman-like con ductthose persons who were reported to have encou raged urged on t h e p oor l a b ourers t o ac t s o f t umu lt rage of a n ea r,' that su c h means h a d b een h a d recourse to ; b ut i w co ld scarcelyand violence to compel a reduction in rent and tithes: he had h u bring himself to believe that any man could have acted so disgraceful and cowardly a part as to press forward the necessitous labourer to such acts as would subject him to the just punishment of the law, to impri sonment or transportation, because he had not time man liness to come forward with a fair statement of his own grievances. Was justice to be thus trampled on, and the laws to be thus broken with impunity? No, he felt as sured that all men who loved their country as he did, would a ct at the present crisis with firmness in suppressing tu mult and disorder whenever they showed themselves; for although he was anxious to see the poor made contented, and raised above want by their industry, he hoped that nothing would ever be conceded to force ; and he declared h e would rather forfeit his life than give an atom through intimidation." CANTERBURY, FRIDAY NIGHT.—We are sorry to have to communicate another incendiary act near Dover. The coaches coming to this city from that place this morning brin7 the intelligence that an alarming fire broke out there this evening about six o'clock. It appears that fire was designedly set to the premises of Mr. COLE MAN, of Priory Farm, near Dover. When the fire was discovered expresses were sent off to Dover for the engines, but they had not arrived at the time the coaches passed.— The Phoenix fire-engine here was kept in readiness. A large farm-house and buildings attached, besides five large corn stacks, were on fire and wholly consumed. There can be no doubt that the fire originated in the act of an incen diary, as the building., which formed part of the Priory, letting froir all parts to of assist fiiit'. in T ex h t e in isa g )e u a ish n in t g ry th ' e re tl r7 tm co es l : a " r r i e d re a l b m o i d lt y of at least three hundred went thither from the adjoining village of Bucklaud. PORTUGUESE REGENCY LOAN. (From the Morning Herald.) The Committee of the Stock Exchange have been much engaged this morning (Friday) in discussing a protest which has been laid before them, against the circulation of the new loan, which, it is understood, is coming out under the agency of Mr. Moberly, in order to raise money for the use of the Regency of Terceira, acting in behalf of Donna Maria 11. It appears that a rule was made by the Committee some time in the year 1827, under which the Committee do not allow any new Bonds (which may be issued by a Power which has stopped payment of interest on former loans) to he quoted in their authorised lists. The protest against the Terceira Loan (which is *ailed a " Portuguese Regency Loan," in the new printed bonds) is founded on this regulation, the parties alleging that the money for the dividends on the Portuguese Loan of two milliews (raised in 1823), although regularly paid over by Brazil to the Regency of Terceira, is withheld from the bondholders of that Loan (the dividends on which have not been paid since June, 1828), and the. mon^y, contrary to good faith, misapplied, to the support of Portu guese refugees in England and Terceira. The protest also alleges, that the Loan tat present contemplated by the Ter ceira Regency will be a fraud on the public, as the new Bonds contain a pledge that the interest and Sinking Fund shall be paid out of the money annually remitted by Brazil to pay the dividends on the Portuguese Loan. Under these circumstances it is thought scarcely pro bable that the Committee of the Stock Exchange can (in defiance of the regulation they made in 1827) sanction the quotation of the new Bonds, while the dividends on) the Portuguese Loan, as the protesters affirm, continue not only to be misapplied, but are also attempted to he pledged for the support of new contracts. We under stand that the protest and statements of the parties who attended to support and oppose it were very attentively considered by the Committee, and that the final decision of the question will be made to-morrow, (this day) by the General Committee of the Stock Exchange. Those who suppoit the new Loan contend that it is for the interest of the Portuguese Bondholders that it should be allowed, inasmuch as the only chance of their being paid their dividends depends upon the overthrow of the usurped Government. They add, that the Brazil Govern ment will never pay the Portuguese dividends to the agents of Don Miguel, and that if they would, the money, in all probability, would never find its way into the pockets of the bondholders, in which latter opinion we perfectly agree. BANFF REFORM MEETING. (From the Elgin Courier of Friday.) A few days ago a requisition, by the most re spectable burgesses and inhabitants, was sent to the Provost, requesting him to call a general public meeting of the burgesses, freemen, and inhabitants of the burgh " for the purpose of considering the propriety of petitioning Parliament for a moderate and rational Reform, and an extension of the Elec tive Franchise throughout the burghs and counties of Scotland; to which the following excerpt from the minutes of the town council was sent in answer; —" A requisition addressed to the Provost request ing him to call a meeting of the inhabitants upon the subject of Reform, and an extension of the Elective Franchise throughout the burghs and counties of Scotland, was laid before the council by the Provost, which being considered by the council, and the Provost having stated his own sentiments upon the subject, it was resolved that the Provost should decline the prayer of the requisition, leaving it to any inhabitant of the burgh to do in the matter as to him seems best." In consequence of the Provost having thug de clined to interfere, a meeting of the requisitionists was held, at which they agreed to call a general public meeting for the purpose of petitioning, to be held in the Court-house, on Tuesday the 21st inst. and appointed a Committee of their number to pre pare petitions for both Houses of Parliament to be submitted to said meeting. The meeting having been called by notices posted up in all parts of the town, and left at public offices, and by tuck of drum through the burgh, was held, and was numerously and respectably attended. GEORGE LEMMON, Esq., merchant, after stating his regret that the Provost had not found it expe dient . to call this meeting and to preside thereat ; begged to propose that the chair be taken by James Mackintosh, Esq., banker, which was unanimously agreed to. Mr. Mackintosh having taken the chair, George Petrie, Esq., solicitor, read the requisition► to the Lord Provost, the answer thereto, the minutes of Committee, and the petitions which had been prepared. These petitions were expressed in the most moderate and respectful terms, and reflect much credit on those who took the trouble of fram ing them. J. A. CAMERON, Solicitor, Esq., in rising to move that the petitions might be approved of, said, in common with the mass of the people of Great Britain, the requisitionists had been for a consider able time of opinion that the great machine of the state, from age and other visible causes, required ' considerable change, to fit and enable it to keep pace with the rapid step of improvement in the pre sent enlightened times. They were also of opinion that much of the lamentable distress which now af fected the different classes of the people, might be attributed to the undeniable fact that the inhabitants at large were not fairly represented in the Commons House of Parliament. They further saw men fic tively employed with desperate energy in endeavour ing to sow the seeds of disaffection throughout the Nfld. And last of all they had seen with astonish ment and alarm, an opinion gravely and publicly stated that the people of Scotland did not wish for Parliamentary Reform, and art extension of their elective franchise. Seeing and considering these things, the requisitionists thought that if moderate men, all who wished their country's good, did not step forward at this important crisis, and by a plain expression of their complaints, tell the pure truth to the Legislature, and lead the well disposed in the proper path, that the incendiaries to whom he had alluded might acquire such preponderating influence as would produce the worst of consequences. He knew that he might probably here be met with an answer that was by no means new to him, nor new, he did believe, to a majority of the present meeting, he knew that those who deemed themselves the wonderfully wise, the big, the prat•lent, might say, that the cause was in the hands of Government, shut this was not the time, that our petition would embarrass, not strengthen the Administration. No argument appeared to him more superficial than this was ; for it was an established maxim in political science, that if the people did not produce sufficient evidence, by constitutional means, that they were aggrieved and wished relief, the plain inference was that they fel at least contented with matters as they stood. He remembered well that the same party who now attempted to blind the public with these flimsy opinions, adopted the same line of argu ment during the struggle for the relief of the disabilities which affected the Roman Catholics. Their veil of sophistry was then, however, pene trated, and the people combined in their wishes for the Emancipation of their Catholic country men, had, in concert with the Government, brought the cause of civil and religious liberty to a success ful and glorious issue. He trusted that similar suc. cess would attend their efforts in the cause of tempe rate and judicious Reform. The cry th4t Reform was dangerous, was coupled with all the phantas. magoria of imaginary evils, could no longer be listened to. Those who used the argument might attempt to impose, or try it on others, but it was pretty clear they did not ;Inpose upon themselves; and if they did, none but simpletons could longer be cajoled by such vague unreal apprehensions. It was those would-be-wise alone, who were the means of producing any real danger (if such there was, which he denied), by charging, with foolish pertiaai...ity„ too antiquated and obsolete opinions, which no longer formed part of a Britoil's belief. Having , made these general remarks, which want of space has obliged us consideral4 to abridge, Mr. Cameron proceeded to explain the facts upon which the state ments in the petitions were founded. He remarked that in order to satisfy the meeting that the state of the representation of Scotland was founded on " fictitious principles, and monopolised by a few," it was only necessary for him to observe that a mere man of straw, a being exiiting only by the fiction of law, was in possession of a large share of the re presentation throughout Scotland, and that this " unreal mockery" of a man, usurped the right, or at least sat in the place of the real proprietors of the soil; while the gross number of voters for the coun ties of Scotland, for the representation of two millions of intelligent arid moral people, did not much exceed 2,000 individuals. His present Ma jesty was the first British Monarch, he btlievcrl, who had publicly said, " My people's grievances must be redressed, and Itt them be fairly repre sented in the House of Commons." Whatever dangers others might see in such sentiments, his present d 11laj e and sawlzeral Ministry,noe anda experiencede coupled with a a d. vocates of the same opinions, he would not doubt but that all branches of our industry would speedily flourish. JOSEPH WHYTE, Esq., surgeon, highly approved of the view which had been taken of the 3ohject of Reform by Mr. Cameron, and had much pleasure in seconding his motion. Mr. JOHN FRASER asked if the petitions expressed any sentiments on Parliamentary Reform ? Mr. CAMERON replied by stating that the pe titions did express sentiments on Parliamentary Re form, and referred to the first paragraph of the pe titions; as the petitions were from a Royal Burgh, the state of the Representation of Burghs claimed a prominent place. Mr. FRASER was satisfied with the explanation given ; that he had been a Reformer all his days ; and was pleased to see any measure proposed for Reform even although it should out-go all the length he should wish. The CKAIRMAN stated that the motion before the meeting should now be dispostd of, and therefore those who approved of the petitions which had been read should stand up sod signify thee. by a show of hands, which was readily done an, lowed by three loyal and deafening cheers to our most excellent Sovereign William the Fourth, and his gracious consort Qieen Adelaide. GEORGE IMLACII, Esq., banker, moved that the petitions which had been read and approved of should be transmitted to the Lord-Lieutenant of the county to be presented to the House of Lords, RI: d t 0 T . T. Kennedy, Esq., and Robert Grant, Esq., tc be by them presented to the House of Commons, with a request that the Noble Earl and those other distin guished friends of Scotland would support the prayer of the petitions. He congratulated his fellow-towns men at seeing them now assembled in support of their constitutional rights; and after paying a merited compliment to the Noble Earl, to Mr. Kennedy and Mr. Grant, who had all along espoused the claims of Scotland, concluded by moving that those present should now with one accord proceed to sign the parchments on the table. GEORGE PETRIE, Esq., solicitor, said, with re gard to the distinguished individuals selected to pre sent the petitions to Parliament he had only to ob serve that he considered the Noble Earl who was to be entrusted with the presentation of the petition to the House of Lords would receive it most cordially, as the tone and temper of the petition was such as could not fail to meet the views and sentiments of his Lordship ; and he was sure that the brilliant ta lents and universally acknowledged services of the Hon. Gentlemen proposed to be entrusted with the petition to the Commons House of Parliament, were such as to recommend them in as eminent degree, and he had no doubt they would give the petitions that support which the important objects they em braced so well merited. The meeting afterwards broke up. A certain manceuvring C--ss, ranking among the elite of high life, is, it in said, considerably piqued at the character drawn of her in the tale of " Mo thers and Daughters," which is now the race. Some of her kind friends have pointed out the resemblance, and while they affect to sympathize at her distress, join beat tily in the general laugh at her expense. It will be seen by the reported proceedings of a meeting which took place yesterday, in the ward of Farringdon-without, that on a rumour being spread of the death of the CITY CHAMBERLAIN, the inhabitants of Cie ward then assembled pressed Mr. Alderman WAITH MA N to stand candidate fur the vacant office, and offered to support his claims. The worthy Alderman has long been distinguished for his seal and exertions in the public service of his fellow.citizens, when nothing was to he gained bat their good will, and may now reasonah!y hope fur a more sabstantial acknowledgment of their regard and satisfaction.— Times. WOOLLEN TRADE.—As far as the matter goes, it is certainly satisfactory to fiud that the orders issued to the serge-manufaeturers, in this county, this quarter, by the East India Company, are more exteysive than they have been for sonic titne past, as it wi I produce a proportionate quantity of labour at this dreary c-ason of the year ; it cannot, however, but be matter of rrvet, if report speak true, that the prices at which the contiacts are taken are so low as will leave the adventuring master but a small return for the capital he so meritoriously em ployed.—Exeter Flying Post. The Semaphore of Marseilles says, the Ex-Bey of Tirrxm will be relieved from quarantine on the 11th, and will at six in the evening of the sane day set out for Paris by the diligence. His suite consists of one of his old officers, a M. Suzzo, an interpreter, and sir servants. He, it seems, preserves the same haughtkess and despotic tone which sat well upon him when ruling over Mount Atlas, but it not quite so consistent with his present situation, He fell into a rage when bargaining for his places in the diligence, and it was with the utmost difficulty that his interpreter could convince him that the fare was fixed and invariable. He could not form an idea that the coachmaster would dare to demand 100 pistol, ' f or his conveyance, beoause at Titteri a airnilar insolence would be rewarded by the loos of the impertinent's head." A MISTAKE.—Last week Mr. CIIAFFEY, of Thorncomb:, Devon, was standing at his door, about eight o'clock in the evening. It was very dark, and he thought he hoard some person cutting his cloth on the rack, as bad been the case last winter. He immediately went into his house for his pistols, and then hastened to the spot. He again heard the noise, and called out : but no reply was given. The object of his fears, however, seemed to advance towards him. A second challenge was given, acccompanied by a threat of " I will blow out your brains, if you advance a step further." The object of terror then cams almost clues to Mr. C. ; with the latent, he thought, of knocking him down. He fired, and i nt _ mediately found that he had shot--his owe horse ! the ,iniunal having broken Into the field, and rubbed against the cloth. The ball penetrated several inches, and was with difficulty extracted by Mr. KNIGIIT, of Crewkerne. The horse is likely to recoverfrom the effects of the wound. —Dorset Couvds Chroxick. A VIRAGO.—The Monmouthshire Merlin gives the following specimen of one of the " g entle sex,' who was convicted of stealing some wool, at the late Quarter Sessions for that county. On hearing her sen tence of six months' imprisonment, she began to wring her hands, and assumed an appearance of the most incon solable distress. It being, however, communicated to the Noble Chairman, that she had been before transported for a similar offence, his Lordship ordered her to be im mediately removed from the bar. As soon as Mr. Airit.• RETT ottempted to do so, she screamed out, 6 ' Oh, mur du, murder, murder!" put herself in a pugnacious atti tude, and distributed numerous Jacksonian blows right and left, Not satisfied with this, she seized a brass can dlestkk, which had been placed before her in the dock, and hurled it with great violence at the head of the prosecutor, In the midst of this confusion she redoubled her cries of " Murder !" and it was with the greatest difficulty that four or five of the hall-keepers could remove her. The Chairman, we believe, preserved his gravity; but the rest of the Court, the Jury, Counsel, and spectators, were convulsed with laughter. The cha racter and history of the won are said to be of a very singular nature. Of an Amazonian disposition, she is a perfect adept in all sorts of knavery. She was several years in New South Wales under sentence of transporta tion, and returned at last with a considerable sum., of n4,ney. On her return to Monmouthshire, she resumed the old trade, and thus increased her fortune to a large amount. Hearing of a young roan who had been for ensue time imprisoned in Brecon gaol for illegally increasing the population of the realm, she offered to purchase his libera tion if he would marry her. The youth consented, was discharged, and went through the nuptial ceremony with his generous bride. The loiter, however, was, in this in— stance, bitten, for it turned out soon afterwards tha t o ho happy bridegroom had another wife, who was still living,