The Sun. — London, England, 1831-12-29 00:00:00

into full effect. To this end I caused all the mea sures to he taken which a ere necessary to a full ex position of our case to the sovereign arbiter, and nominated, as Minister Plenipotentiary to his Court, a d stinguiehed citizen of the State most interested in the question, and who had been one of the agents previously employed for settling the controversy. On the 10th day of January last his Majesty the King of the Netherlands delivered to the Plenipotentiaries of the United States and of 'Great Britain, his written opinion on the case referred to him. The papers in relation to the subject will be communi cated by a special message to the proper branch of the Government, with the perfect confidence that its wisdom will adopt such measures as will secure an amicable settlement of the controversy, without infringing any constitutional right of the State im mediately interested. It affords me much satisfaction to inform you that suggestions, made by my direc tion, to the Charge d'Affaires of his Britannic Ma jesty to this Government, have had their desired effect in producing the release of certain American citizens, who were imprisoned for setting up the au thority of the State of Maine, at a place in the dis puted territory under the actual jurisdiction of his Britannic Majesty. From this, and the assurances I have received, of the desire of the local authorities to avoid any cause of collision, I have the best hopes that a good understanding will be kept up until it is confirmed by the final disposition of the subject. The amicable relations which now subsist between the United States and Great Britain, the increasing intercourse between their citizens, and the rapid obliteration of unfriendly prejudices to which former events naturally gave rise, concurred to present this as a fit period for renewing our endeavours to pro vide against the recurrence of causes of irritation, which, in the event of war between Great Britain and any other Power, would inevitably endanger our peace. Animated by the sincerest desire to avoid such state of things, and peacefully to secure under all possible circumstances the rights and honour of the country, I have given such instruc tions to the Minister lately sent to the Court of London, as will evince that desire; and if met by a corresponding disposition, which we cannot doubt, will put an end to causes of collision, which, with out advantage to either, tend to estrange from each other two nations who have every motive to pre serve, not only peace, but an intercourse of the most amicable nature. In my Message at the opening of the last session of Congress, I expressed a confident hope that the justice of our claims upon France, urged as they were with perseverance and signal ability by our Ministers there, would finally be acknowledged. This hope has been realized. A treaty has been signed which will immediately be laid before the Senate far its approbation; and which, containing stipulations that require legislative acts, must have the concurrence of both Houses before it can go into effect. By it the French Government engage to pay a sum which, if not quite equal to that which may be found due to our citizens, will yet, it is be lieved, under all circumstances, be deemed satisfac tory to those interested. The offer of a gross sum instead of the satisfaction of each individual claim, was accepted, because the only alternatives were a vigorous exaction of the whole amount stated to be due on each claim, which might, in some instances, be exaggerated by designs, in others overrated through error, and which, therefore, it would have been both ungracious and unjust to have insisted on; or a settlement by a mixed commission, to which the French neeociatora were very averse, and which experience in other cases had shown to be dilatory, and often wholly inadequate to the end. A com paratively small sum is stipulated on our part to go to the extinction of all claims by French citizens on our Government ; and a reduction of duties on our cotton and their wines has been agreed on, as a consideration for the renunciation of an important c'aim for commercial privileges, under the construc tion they gave to the treaty for the cession of Louisiana. Should this treaty receive the proper sanction, a source of irritation will be stopped, that has for so many years in some degree alienated from each other two nations, who, from interest, as well as the remembrance of early associations, ought to cherish the most friendly relations, an encourage ment will be given for perseverance in the demands of justice, by this new proof that, if steadily pur st.ed, they will be listened to ; and admonition will he afforded to those Powers, if any, which may be inclined to evade them, that they will never be aban doned. Above all, a just confidence will be in spired in our fellow-citizens, that their Government will exert all the powers with which they have in vested it, in support of theirjust claims upon foreign nations ; at tl.e same time that that frank acknow ledgment and provision for the payment of those which were addressed to our equity, although un supported by legal proof, affords a practical illustia Outs of our submission to the divine rule of doing to others what we desire they should do unto us. Sweden and Derunark having made compensation for the irregularities committed by their vessels, or in their ports, to the perfect satisfaction of the par ties concerned, and having renewed the Treaties of Commerce entered into with them, our political and commercial relations with those Powers continue to be on the most friendly footing. With Spain our differences up to the 22d of February, 1819, were settled by the treaty of 'Wash ington of that date; but at a subsequent period, our commerce with the states, formerly colonies of Spain, on the continent of America, was annoyed and fre quently interrupted by her public and private armed ships. They captured many of our vessels prose cuting a lawful commerce, and sold them arid their cargoes ; and, at one time, to our demands for resto ration and indemnity, opposed the allegation that they were taken in the violation of a blockade of all the ports of those states. The blockade was decla ratory only, and the inadequacy of the force to main tain it was so manifes', that this allegation was varied to a charge of trade in contraband of war. This, in its turn, was also found untenable ; and the Minister whom I sent, with instructions to press for the reparation that was due to our injured fellow citizens has transmitted an answer to his demand, by which the captures are declared to have been lewd and are justified, because the independence of the States of America never having been acknowledged by Spain, she had a right to prohibit trade with them under her old colonial laws. This ground of defence was contradictory, not only to those which had been formerly alleged, but to the uniform prac tice and established laws of nations, and had been abandoned by Spain herself in the convention which granted indemnity to British subjects for cap tures, made at the same time, under the same cir cumstances, and (or the same allegations with those of which we complain. 1, however, indulge the hope that further reflection will lead to other views, and feel confident that when his Ca tholic Majesty shall be convinced of the justice of the claims, his desire to preserve friendly relations between the two countries, which it is my earnest endeavour to maintain, will induce him to accede to our demand. I have therefore despatched a special messenger with instructions to our Minister to bring the case once more to his consideratio n; to the end that if, which I cannot bt.ing myself to believe, the same decision, that cannot but be deemed an un friendly denial of justice, should be persisted in, the matter may, before your adjournment, be laid before you, the constitutional judges of what is proper to be done when negociation for redress of injury fails. The conclusion of a treaty for indemnity with France seemed to present a favourable opportunity to renew our claims of a similar character on other Powers; and particularly in the case of those upon Naples, more especially as in the comae of former tiegociations with that Power, our failure to induce France to render us justice was used as an argument {;against us. The desires of the merchants who were ithe principal sufferers have therefore been acceded */" ~ to, and a mission lies been institute d for the special e‘.; purpake-of obtaining ler them a rep aration a lr eady top,ibillAelayed, This measure having been re k• t e 4Wiestott,est was put in execution without waiting 41'34ieinOtieg of Corgress, because tile state of Europe created an apprehension of events that might have rendered our application ineffectual. Our demands upon the Government of the Two Sicilies are of a peculiar nature. The injuries on which they are founded are not denied, nor are the atrocity and perfidy tinder which those injuries were perpetrated attempted to be extenuated. The sole ground on which indemnity has been refused is the alleged illegality of the tenure by which the Monarch who made the seizures held his crown. This de- fence—always unfounded in any principle of the law of nations—now universally abandoned, even by those Powers upon whom the responsibility for acts of past rulers bore the most heavily—will un questionably be given up by his Sicilian Majesty, whose counsels will receive an impulse from that high sense of honour and regard to justice which are said to characterize him; and I feel the fullest confidence that the talents of the citizen commis- sioned for that purpose will place before him the just claims of our injured citizens in such a light as will enable' me, before your adjournments, to announce that they have been adjusted and secured. Precise instructions, to the effect of bringing the negotia tions to a speedy issue, have been given, and will be obeyed. In the blockade of Terceira, some of the Portu guese fleet captured several of our vessels, and com mitted other excesses for which reparation was de manded ; and I was on the point of despatching an armed force, to prevent any recurrence of a similar violence, and protect our citizens in the prosecution of their lawful commerce, when official assurances, on which I relied, made the sailing of the ships un necessary. Since that period, frequent promises have been made that full indemnity shall be given for the injuries inflicted and the losses sustained. In the performance there has been some, perhaps unavoidable, delay; but I have the fullest confidence that an earnest desire that this business may at once be closed, which our Minister has been in structed strongly to express, will very soon be gratified. I have the better ground for this hope, from the evidence of a friendly disposition which that Government has shown by an actual reduction in the duty on rice, the produce of our Southern States, authorizing the anticipation that this im portant article of our export will soon be admitted on the same footing with that produced by the most favoured nation. With the other Powers of Europe we have for tunately had no cause of discussion for the redress of injuries. With the Empire of the Russians our political connection is of; the most liberal kind. We enjoy the advantages of navigation and trade given to the most favoured nation ; but it has not yet suited their policy, or perhaps, has not been found convenient from other considerations, to give stabi- lity and reciprocity to those privileges by a com mercial treaty. The ill-health of the Minister last year charged with making a proposition for that ar rangement did not permit him to remain at St. Petersburgh ; and the attention of that Government, during the whole of the period since his departure, having been occupied by the war in which it was en gaged, we have been assured that nothing could have been effected by his presence. A Minister will soon be nominated, as well to effect this important object, as to keep up the relations of amity and good under standing of which we have received so many assu rances and proofs from his Imperial Majesty and the Emperor his predecessor. The treaty with Austria opens to us an impor tant trade with the hereditary dominions of the Emperor, the value of which has been hitherto little known, and, of course, not sufficiently appreciated. While our commerce finds an entrance into the south of Germany by means of this treaty, those we have formed with the Hanseatic Towns and Prussia, and others now in negociation, will open that vas country to the enterprising spirit of our merchants, on the north a country abounding in all the ma terials of a mutually beneficial commerce, filled with enlightened and industrious inhabitants, holding an important place in the politics of Europe, anti to which we owe so many valuable citizens. The rati• fication of the treaty with the Porte was sent to be exchanged by the gentleman appointed our Charge d'Affaires to that Court. Some difficulties have I occurred on" his arrival ; but at the date of his last official despatch, he supposed they had been ob viated, and that there was every prospect of the ex change being speedily effected, This finishes the connected view I have thought it proper to give of our political and commercial re lations in Europe. Every effort in my power shall be continued to strengthen and extend them by treaties founded on principles of the most perfect reciprocity of interest, neither asking nor conced ing any exclusive advantage, but liberating as far as it lies in my power, the activity and industry of our fellow-citizens from the shackles which foreign re strictions may impose. To China and the East Indies our commerce con tinues in its usual extent and with increased facilities, which the credit and capital of our merchants affords, by substituting bills for payments in specie. A daring outrage having been committed in those seas by the plunder of one of our merchantmen en gaged in the pepper trade at a port in Sumatra, and the piratical perpetrators belonging to tribes in such a state of society that the usual course of proceeding between civilised nations could not be pursued, I forthwith despatched a frigate, with orders to re quire immediate satisfaction for the injury and in demnity to the sufferers. Few changes have taken place in our connections with the Independent States of America since my last communication to Congress. The ratification of a Commercial Treaty with the United Republics of Mexico has been for some time under deliberation in their Congress, but was still undecided at the date of our last despatches. The unhappy civil commotions that have prevailed there, were un doubtedly the cause of the delay; but as the Go vernment is now said to be tranquillised, we may hope soon to receive the ratification of the treaty, and an arrangement for the demarcation of the boundaries between us. In the mean time an im portant trade has been opened, with mutual benefit from Sr. Louis, in the State of Missouri,by caravans, to the interior provinces of Mexico. This commerce is protected in its progress through the Indian countries by the troops of the United States, which have been permitted to escort the caravans beyond our boundaries to the settled parts of the Mexican territory. From Central America I have received assurances of the most friendly kind, and u gratifying applica tion for our good offices to remove a supposed in disposition towards that Government in a neigh bouring State ; this application was immediately and successfully complied with. They gave us also the pleasing intelligence that differences which had pre vailed in their internal affairs had been peaceably adjusted. Our treaty with this Republic continues to be faithfully observed, and promises a great arid beneficial commerce between the two countries—a commerce of the greatest importance, if the magni ficent project of a ship canal through the dominions of that State, from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, now in a serious contemplation, shall be executed. I have great satisfaction in communicating the success which has attended the exertions of our Minister in Colombia to procure a very considerable reduction in the ditties on our flour in that Republic. Indemnity also has been stipulated for injuries re ceived by our merchants from illegal seizures, and renewed assurances are given that the treaty between the two countries shall be faithfully observed. Chili and Peru seem to be still threatened with civil commotions ; tool until they shall be settled, disorders may naturally be apprehended, requiring the constant presence of a naval force in the Pacific Ocean, to protect our fisheries and guard our commerce. The disturbances that took place in the empire of Brazil previously to, and immediately subsequent upon, the abdication of the late Emperor, neces sarily suspended any effectual application for the re dress of some past injuries suffered by our citizens from that Government, while they have been the cause of others, in which all foreigners seem to have participated. Instructions have been given to our Minister there to press for indemnity due for losses occasioned by these irregularities; and to take care that our fellow-citizens shall enjoy all the privileged stipulated in their favour by the treaty lately made between the two Powers, all which the good intel ligence that prevails between our Minister at Rio Janeiro and the Regency gives us the best reason to expect. I should have placed Buenos Ayres in the list of South American Powers in respect to which nothing of importance affecting us was to be communicated, but for occurrences which have lately taken place at the Falkland islands, in which the name of that Republic has been used to cover, with a show of authority, acts injurious to our commerce, and to the prosperity and liberty of our fellow-citizens. In the course of the present year one of our vessels engaged in the pursuit of a trade which we have always enjoyed without molestation, has been captured by a band acting, acting, as they pretend, under the authority of the Government of Buenos Ayres. I have therefore given orders for the despatch of an armed vessel, to join our squadron in those seas, and aid in affording all lawful protection to our trade which shall be necessary, and shall without delay send a Minister to inquire into the nature of the circumstances and also of the claim, if any, that is set up by that Government to those islands. In the mean time I submit the case to the consideration of Congress, to the end that they may clothe the Executive with such authority and meana as they may deem necessary for providing a force adequate to the complete protection of our fellow-citizens fishing and trading to those seas. This rapid sketch of our foreign relations, it is hoped, fellow-citizens, may be of some use in so much of your legislation as may bear on that im portant subject; while it affords to the country at large a source of high gratification in the contem plation of our political and commercial connexion with the rest of the world. At peace with all—having subjects of future difference with few, and those sus ceptible of easy adjustment—extending our com merce gradually on all sides, and on none by any but the most liberal and mutually beneficial means —we may, by the blessing of Providence, hope for all national prosperity which can be derived from an intercourse with foreign nations, guided by those eternal principles of justice mid reciprocal good will which are binding as well upon States as the 'individuals of whom they are composed. I have great satisfaction in making this statement of our affairs, because the cause of our nationa policy enables me to do it without any indiscreet ex. posure of what in other governments is usually con cealed from the people. Having none but a straight. forward course to pursue—guided by a single prig ciple that will bear the strongest light—we have happily no political combinations to form, no 'al liance to entangle us, no complicated interests to consult ; and in subjecting all we have done to the consideration of our citizens, and to the inspection of the world, we give no advantage to other na tions, and lay ourselves open to no injury. It may not be improper to add, that to preserve this state of things, and give confidence to the world in the integrity of our designs, all our consular and diplo matic agents are strictly enjoined to examine well every cause of complaint preferred by our citizens; and, while they urge with proper earnestness those that are well-founded, to countenance none that are unreasonable or unjust, and to enjoin on our merchants and navigators the rrictest obedience to the laws of the country to which they resort, and a course of conduct in their dealings that may support the character of our nation, and render us respected abroad. Connected with this subject, I must re commend a revisal of our consular laws. Defects and omissions have been discovered in their opera tion that ought to be remedied and supplied. For your further information on this subject, I have di rected a report to be made by the Secretary of State, which I shall hereafter submit to your consideration. The internal peace and security of our confede rated States is the next principal object of the Ge neral Government. Time and experience have proved that the abode of the native Indian within their limits is dangerous to their peace and injurious to himself. In accordance with my recommendation at a former session of Congress, an appropriation of half a million of dollars was made to aid the volun tary removal of the various tribes beyond the limits of the States. At the last session I had the hap piness to announce that the Chickasaws and Choc taws had accepted the generous offers of Govern ment, and agreed to remove beyond the Mississippi river—by which the whole of the state of Mississippi and the western part of Alabama will be freed from Indian occupancy, and opened to a civilized popu lation. The treaties with these tribes are in a course of execution, and their removal, it is hoped, will be completed in the course of 1832. At the request of the authorities of Georgia, the registration of the Cherokee Indians for emigration has been resumed, and it is confidently expected that one-half, if not two-thirds, of that tr,be, will follow the wise example of their more westerly brethren. Those who prefer remaining at their pre sent homes will hereafter be governed by the laws of Georgia, as all her citizens are, an cease to be the object of peculiar care on the part of the Ge neral Government. During the present year the attention of the Go vernment has been particularly directed to those tribes in the powerful and growing State of Ohio, where considerable tracts of the finest lands were still occupied by t he aboriginal proprietors. Treaties, either absolute or conditional, have been made, ex tinguishing the whole Indian title to the reservations of that State; and the time is not distant, it is hoped, when Ohio will be no longer embarrassed with the Indian population. The same measure will be extended to Indiana, as soon as there is reason to anticipate success. But the removal of the Indians beyond the limits and jurisdiction of the States does not place them beyond the reach of philanthropic aid and Christian instruction. On the contrary, those whom philanthropy may induce to live among them in their new abode, will be more free in the exercise of their benevolent functions than if they had remained within the limits of the States, em barrassed by their internal regulations. Now, sub ject to no controul but the superintending agency of the general Government, exercised with the sole view of preserving peace, they may proceed unmo lested in the interesting experiment of gradually ad vancing a community of American Indians from bar baristn to the habits and enjoyments of civilized life. It is confidently believed that perseverance for a few years in the present policy of the Government will extinguish the Indian title to all lands lying within the States composing our Federal Union, and remove beyond their limits every Indian who was not willing to submit to their laws. Thus will all conflicting claims to jurisdiction between the States and the Indian tribes be put to rest. It is pleasing to reflect that results so beneficial not only to the States immediately concerned, but to the harmony of the Union, will have been accomplished by measures equally advantageous to the Indians. What the native savages become when surrounded by a dense population, and by mixing with the whites, may be seen in the miserable remnants of a few eastern tribes, deprived of political and civil rights, forbidden to make contracts and subjected to guardians, dragged out a wretched existence, without excitement, without hope, and almost with out thought. Among the happiest effects of the improved rela tions of our Republic, has been an increase of trade, producing a corresponding increase of Revenue, be yond the most sanguine anticipations of the Treasury Department. The state of the public finances will be fully shown by the Secretary of the Treasury, in the report which he will presently lay before you. I will here, howl ver, congratulate you upon their prosperous condition. The revenue received in the present year will not fall short of 27,700,000 dollars, and the expenditure, for all objects other than the public debt, will not exceed 14,700,000. The payment on account of the principal and interest of the debt, during the year, will exceed sixteen millitins rind a half or dol lars, a greater sum than has been applied to that object, out of the revenue, in any year since the en largement of the sinking fund, except the two yeas following immediately thereafter. The amount which will have been applied to the public debt from the 4th of March, 1829, to the Ist of January next, which is less than three years since the Ad ministration has been placed in my hands, will ex ceed 40,000,000 of dollars. From the large impor tations of the present rear, it may be safely esti mated that the revenue which will be received into the Treasury from that source during the next year, with the aid of that received from the public lands, will considerably exceed the amount of the receipts of the present year; and it is believed that, with the means which the Government will have at its disposal from the various sources, which will be fully stated by the proper department, the whole of the public debt may be extinguished, either by re demption or purchase, within four years of my Ad ministration. We shall then exhibit the rare example ....... of a great nation, abounding in all the means of hap piness and security, altogether free from debt. The confidence with which the extinguishment of the public debt may be anticipated, presents an op portunity for carrying into effect more fully the policy in relation to import duties, which has been recotn mended in my former messages. A modification of the tariff, which shall produce a reduction of our revenue to the wants of our Government, and an adjustment of the duties on imports with a view to equal justice its relation to all our national interests and to the counteraction of foreign policy, so far as it may be injurious to those interests, is deemed to be one of the principal objects which demand the consideration of the present Congress. Justice to the interests of the merchant as well as the manu facturer requires that material reductions in the im port duties be prospective; and unless the present Congress shall dispose of the subject, the proposed reductions cannot properly be made to take effect at the period when the necessity for the revenue arising from the present rates shall cease. It is, therefore, desirable that arrangements be adopted at your pre sent session to relieve the people from unnecessary taxation after the extinguishment of the public debt. In the exercise of that spirit of concession and con ciliation which has distinguished the friends of our Union in all great emergencies, it is believed that this object may be effected without injury to any national interest. In my annual message of December, 1829, I had the honour to recommend a more liberal policy than that which then prevailed towards unfortunate debtors to the Government; and I deem it my duty again to invite your attention to this subject. Ac tuated by similar views, Congress at their last ses sion passed an Act for the relief of certain insolvent debtors of the United States; but the provisions of that law have not been deemed such as were ade quate to that relief to this unfortunate class of our fellow-citizens which may be safely extended to them. The points in which the law appears to be defective will be particularly communicated by the Secretary of the Treasury, and I take pleasure in recommending such an extension of its provisions as will unfetter the enterprise of a valuable portion of our citizens, and restore to them the means of use fulness to themselves and the community. While deliberating upon this subject, I weuld also recom mend to your consideration the propriety of so rate difying the laws for enforcing the payment of the debts due either to the public or to individuals suing in the Courts of the United States, as to re strict the imprisonment of the person to cases of fraudulent concealment of property. The personal liberty of the citizen seems too sacred to be held, as in many cases it now is, at the will of a creditor to whom he is willing to surrender all the means he has of discharging his debt. The reports from the Secretaries of War and Navy Departments and from the Postmaster-General, which accompany this message, present satisfactory views of the operations of the Departments respec tively under their charge, and suggest improvements which are worthy of, and to which I invite the se rious attention of the Congress. Certain defects and omissions having been discovered in the opera tion of the laws respecting Parliaments, they are pointed out in the accompanying report from the Secretary of State. I have heretofore recommended amendments of the Federal Constitution giving the election of President and Vice-President to the people, and limiting the service of the former to a single term. So important do I consider these changes in our fundamental law, that I cannot, in accordance with my sense of duty, omit to press them upon the consideration of a new Congress. For my views mere at large, as well in relation to these points as to the disqual;fication of Members of Congress to receive art office from a President in whose election they had an official agency, which I proposed as s substitute, I refer you to my former messages. Our system of public accounts is ex tremely complicated, and, it is believed, may be much improved. Much of the present machinery, and a considerable portion of the expenditure of public money may be dispensed with, while greater facilities can be afforded to the liquidation of claims upon the Government, and an examination into their justice and legality, quite as efficient as the present, secured. With a view to a general reform in the system, I recommend the subject to the attention of the Congress. I deem it my duty again to call your attention to the condition of the district of Colombia. It was doubtless wise in the framers of our Constitution to place the people of this district under the jurisdiction of the general Government ; but, to i;ccornplish the objects they had in view, it is not necessary that this people should be deprived of all the privileges of self government. Independent of the difficulty of induc ing the representatives of distant States to turn their attention to projects of laws, which are not of the highest interest to their constituents, they are not individually, nor, in Congress, collectively, well qualified to legislate over the local concerns of this district. Consequently its interests are much neg lected, and the people are almost afraid to present their grievances, lest a body, in which they are not represented, and which feels little sympathy in their local relations, should, in its attempt to make laws for them, do more harm than good. Governed by the laws of the State whence they were severed, the two shores of the Potomac, within ten miles square, have different penal codes ; not the present codes of Virginia and Maryland, but such as existed in those States at the time of the cession to the United States. As Congress will not form a new code, and as the people of the district cannot make one for themselves, they are virtually under two Governments. Is it not just to allow them at least a delegate in Congress, if not a local Legislature, to make laws for the district, subject to the approval or rejection of Congress ? I earnestly recommend the extension to them of every political right which their interests require, and which may be compatible with the Constitution. The extension of the Judiciary system of the United States is deemed to be one of the duties of Government. One fourth of the States in the Union do not participate in the benefits of a Circuit Court. To the states of Indiana, Illinois, Mi,souri, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, admitted into the Union since the present judicial system was or ganized, only a District Court has been allowed. If this be sufficient, then the Circuit Courts already existing in eighteen states ought to be abolished, if it be not sufficient the defect ought to be abolished, and these states placed on the same footing with the other members of the Union. It was on this con dition, and en this footing, that they entertained the Union; and they may demand Circuit Courts as a matter, not of concession, but of right. I trust that Congress will not adjourn, leaving the anomaly in our system. Entertaining the opinions heretofore expressed in relation to the Bank of the United States, as at pre sent organized, I felt it my duty, in my former mes sages, frankly to disclose them in order that the at tention of the Legislature and the people should be seasonably directed to that important subject, and Out it tniWit be considered and filially disposed of in a manner best calculated to promote the ends of the I Constitution and subserve the public interest. Having thus conscientiously discharged a constitutional duty, deem it proper, on this occasion, without a more particular reference to the views of the subject then expressed, to leave it for the present to the investiga tion of an enlightened people and their representatives. In conclusion, permit me to invoke that Power which superintends all Governments, to infuse into your deliberations, at this important crisis of our history, a spirit of mutual forbearance and concilia tion. In that spirit was our Union formed, and in that spirit must it be preserved. Washington, Dec. 6. ANDREW JACKSON. CHRISTENINGS AND BURIALS WITHIN THE CITY OF LONDON AND BILLS OF MORTALITY, FROM DEC. 15, 1830, TO DEC. 13, 1831. Christened in the 97 parishes within the walls, 968 ; buried, 1187. Christened in the 17 parishes without thewalls, 4660; buried, 4331. Christened in the 24 out-parishes in Middlesex and Surrey, in cluding the district or additional churches thereto belonging, 18,179; buried, 14,765. Christened in the 10 parishes in the city and liberties of West minster, 4490; buried, 054. ALTIES THIS YEAR Mortification 307 Ossification of the Heart 29 Paralytic 246 Pleurisy l6 Rheumatism 57 Scrofula 49 Small Pox 563 Sore Throat, or Quinsey 3 Spasm . 3 Stillborn 693 Stone Stricture l4 Thrübh Tumour 3 Unknown Causes 7 Venereal: '2 Total of Diseases.. .24,9'26 CASUALTIES. Burnt 35 Died by Fright 2 Died by the Visitation of God 26 Drowned l3l Excessive Drinking 6 Executedt 2 Found Dead Killed by Falls and other Accidents Killed by Fighting 1 Killed by Lightning Murdered 5 Poisoned Starved 1 Suffocated Suicide Total of Casualties... 4 BURIED. Males 12,769 Females 12,568 Total 25,337 have died, 60 and '7O 70 and 80 1,786 SO and 90 845 90 and 100 lOl 100 101 !ported this year, 3,692. • Where and when did these cases of cholera morbus occur? f Executed this year within the Bills of Mortality 6, of which number only 2 have been reported as such. COURT CIRCULAR. The Duchess of CUMBERLAND came to town yesterday from her residence at Kew. Her Royal Highness paid a visit to the Duchess of KENT at the King's Palace at Ken sington, and partook of a dejeune with her Royal Highness. The Duchess of KENT and the Princess VICTORIA rode at Mr. FozAßn's riding-school yesterday. After the Cabinet Council held at the Foreign.office on Monday afternoon, the 'Ministers of the five Powers as sembled, and were occupied in deliberation until an early hour the following morning. The Ambassadors and Mi nisters of the Conference again assembled at the Foreign office on Tuesday evening. The meeting lasted several hours. . . ..--._. Sir FREDERICK ADAM, the Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands, left town yesterday morning for Dover, on his return to the lonian Islands. Sir FREDERICK sent off a messenger on Tuesday, with despatches for the lonian Isles. _ . An express brought despatches to the Foreign-office yes terday afternoon from Brussels. The Spanish Minister transacted business at the Foreign office on Tuesday afternoon. Viscount GODERICH left the residence of his brother, Lord GRANTHAM, at Wrest, yesterday, fur his seat at Nocton, Lincolnshire. Viscount ALTIIORP arrived in town on Tuesday night from Leamington. Viscount Howicx arrived in town on Tuesday night, from a visit to Mr. LITTLETON, at his seat in Staffirdshire. FIRES IN THE COUNTRY. Tuesday se'nnight a barn and wheat-rick belonging to Mr. R. Smith, of Brockwear, on the banks of the Wye, near Tintern-abbey, were discovered to be on fire. That the property was destroyed by the act of an incendiary is evident, from the fact that the barn and wheat-rick, which were a short distance from each other, took fire at the same time. The barn was filled with barley, oats, and a waggon ; and the wheat-rick was of considerable size :so that the loss to Mr. Smith is very great. The poor house, lately erected on Earlawood-common, in the parish of Shire Newton, Monmouthshire, was destroyed on Mon day night; the walls only remain. There is not a shadow of doubt that this was the work of an incendiary.— Brietol Mercury. Friday evening, so early as six, a fire broke out in the stack-yard upon a small farm, about a quarter of a mile from the town of Billericay, occupied by Mr. John Bar rell, which consumed a stack of wheat, a bean and part of an oat stack. Assistance was quickly on the spot with the Essex and Suffolk engines, and one belonging to the town, but they were of little avail for want of water. The wind proved favourable, and the building and a part of the corn were saved. The farm belongs to a charity at In gatestone, of which the Right Hon. Lord Petre and the Rev. J. Lewis are trustees.—Essex Paper. Thursday night a fire was discovered on the farm of Mr. Cork, at Ulcomb, near Maidstone. It broke out in a large barn, containing 175 quarters of corn of different descrip tions, which were completely consumed, together with the barn and other out-buildings. About 100 sheep were placed the same night in the yard; but they were fortu nately rescued without injury. The horses in the stable were with great difficulty saved, for, after being got out, they rushed back again into the flames. Thure is no doubt that it was the act of an incendiary, as the fire was perceived at two places. The Kent and Norwich Union engines travelled from Maidstone in 45 minutes, a distance of eight miles. The property is insured.—.Kentish Gaz.. Friday evening a fire broke out in an outhouse belong ing to Mr. Adam, of Morwinstow ; the stable door was opened, and the horses let out ; but there were isurnt 14 bullocks, 11 pigs, a large stock of poultry, and several bags of wheat and barley. The fire was supposed to be occasioned by lightning.—Western Luminary. A man named Bullman has been apprehended on sus. picion of setting fire to a stack of corn belonging to Mr. N. Woods, of Gayton, and is remanded for further ezami• nation.---Norfolk East Angliam. Some miscreants endeavonrod to set fire to a stable in the possession of Adjutant Brattan, of the Royal Marines, situated at the back of Dunford-street, Plymouth, on the night of Saturday or the morning of Sunday last, by throwing into a small aperture at the top of the door a piece of ignited linen which fortunately fell on stones ; if it had fallen on the straw which was close to it, no doubt but that the stable would have been consumed, and three valuable horses which were in it destroyed. No trace of the offender has been discovered.— Western Times. THE DEVIL IN LONDON.—One of the fre quent attractions in the " New Monthly Magazine," fur 1832 (the First Number of which is to appear the Ist of January), we understand to he a Series of Papers, by one of the most eminent Satirical Writers of the day, entitled " Asmodeus at Large," in which the various motives and actions of the moving world will be analysed and dissected after a new fashion. Five poor fishermen were drowned off Skerries on Friday. A small yawl, with five men, proceeded from the quay of Skerries, at six o'clock in the morning, fishing for haddock, when about eleven o'clock a violent storm, accompanied with heavy showers of rain, set in, which continued for several hours, and the wind blowing south, an immense sea struck the boat, which instantly sunk, and those five unfortunate individuals met a watery grave. We regret to say that all have left aged fathers and mothers to deplore their loss, and two of them wives with small helpless orphans.—Dublin 2 imes. ~.. LIBERATION OF MR. CARPENII Mr. Carpenter, the editor of the Political zinc, who was imprisoned in the King's Bet the Ist of July last, for two penalties, arnoln 1201., and costs 1151. 15s. incurred by the] Lion of an unstamped political pamphlet, cor news, intelligence, and occurrences, and 11 prosecuted as a newspaper, on Friday last I the following announcement from Downiol dated Dec. 23: " am directed by Lord Althorp to a ck your letter of the 20th instant, and to inform you'," that your previous application had been submits Board of Stamps, for their opinion, which was up able. In con.equence, however, of your f u rtbet sonment, Lord Althorp has directed that the Pe ° which you are liable should be remitted, so that be set at liberty upon payment of the costs incurre: " I remain, Sir, your obedient servo,j " H. L. WICO . I Upon the receipt of this letter Mr. Carp ep • timated to the Government, that the rem' the penalties only would be utterly useleolt relieving him from imprisonment ; for that tileo (115/. 155.) would as effectually detain him tody as the entire amount. To this intirnst: Government looked with a favourable feelingt Mr. Carpenter (who, it should be observed , u ri r il tinued the obnoxious publication on the v e )3 the Court of Exchequer decided upon its illd and on the following day he received his o f. charge; thus enabling him to enjoy the fes til Christmas in the bosom of his family. Hence it appears that Mr. Carpenter by imprisoned six months, during which period U expended, in law expences and prison fees, of 691. 1p Too much praise cannot be bestowed upo,.", Althorp (whose kind disposition and benell;" heart are universally acknowledged) for the which has distinguished his Lordship in the' Mr. Carpenter. COURT OF CHANCERY-DUBL IN , On Saturday shortly after the sitting of th e ? Mr. MACKLIN, the barrister, appeared in the, (without wig or gown), and claimed prece't/ Mr. Serjeant PENNEFATHER, as he had to 91j 0 motion on behalf of his most gracious Majethi William IV. and himself, the urgency I t , would admit of no delay. The learned ite,o in an extremely animated strain, proceeded !ril that a base conspiracy had been got up O , IP King, the Reform Bill, and himself. J O' some difference between your Lordship 11 °,il continued Mr. Mxocust, " for you have, V face—you have, like Cassius, a lean au °, I+ look—you think too much'—whilst my fl' c ' o I the red, red, rose.' But many great 10 ,! had red faces—that great commander, Co° I bitsch, Oliver Cromwell, Charles James Fit Norbury, and the learned lexicographer, son, had blooming red faces; but although is red, my head is sound, mid it has sometbp There, is, however ;a likeness between your 1 1 and the individual who addresses you--estcar has a nose ; but my nose performs all the,'" of a perfect rudder in my face': centre, 0 1 Lord, as Hamlet says in the play, ' I can rl ci in the arras.' " 1 One of the officers of the Court was absrs jt terfere, when ,„ Lord PLUNKETT, who seemed highly sired Mr. Macklin would state his precise °' addressing the Court. Mr. MACKLIN—I have come to claim P r against a base conspiracy. Lord PLUNKETT—This is not the proPe h r i,) Mr. Macklin ; there is another Court in can make your application. i bt Mr. Macklin expressed his thanks for teous demeanour of his Lordship, and 9131 c the Court. In a few minutes after the Learned Cfer: made his appearance in the Court of % „ i c and made a similar application to Baron Baron SMITII—We are:just going to swe' The Jury being sworn, pd - Mr. MACKLIN again rose, and said V' warmth—" I have come here, my Lord,' A ° of his Majesty, to state to your Lord 0 h would not be allowed to speak in the fligl of Chancery, and as we have not a Pa r "" our own here, I tell Lord Plunkett I am scholar and as good a gentleman as he is "10,, Baron SMITII-4 think I cannot hea r Macklin, as you do not wear your gown o f Mr. MACKLIN—I address your LordsbiP vate gentleman, and not as a legal one. f, Baron SMITH—Bat 'cannot hear you 001!,,ei gentleman. Ido not, however, want to of your legal capacity. Mr. MACKLIN—Then, my Lord, I will wig and gown. The Learned Gentleman then retired, Bp returned in a few momenta after in his Pr ° , o l. attire, again addressed the Court with w ia 'C. " My Lord, I appear here on behalf of t be e o the King, and the King's subjects. I 1)$ ' . 0 1 pocket a most dangerous publication. I ci: this morning in the Court of Chancery, a P d r!", out by a constable. I am Burked' by I will not allow Marcus Aurelius Costello ti.",l;, skirts to my gown. I now give notice to t'''o;l Attorney-General, and to the King's General, that there is a combination apy there is a conspiracy, and it shall be inquire,(' Parliament. I went to present a letter ',00 0( from Sir John Swinburne to Thomas ; 1 Macklin on the cholera morbus. My L oP loc no attorney, and though I am a poet, I ( I °,d l on squillis et pane accundo. I set every ii l „ . o c fiance. lam the King's humble servant , not his slave. The only crime they have is, because I published a defence of the ~ nisters and a panegyric on you." 'r Gentleman then withdrew. If anything were wanting to set op posterous arrogance and self-sufficiency of the tije c Gentleman whose recent correspondence with „ c li CELLOR of the EXCHEQUER has excited so disgust, it may be found in the fact, of w hich ft:, cured upon good authority, that circumstance, o f strictly personal and private (so much so thO t e% case we should not have referred to them) conlOtef4 commend to this individual the prudence Of ti l‘T' secession from the splendid orbit of his pub lic , less than the force of political consideration s ° triotic mind.—Morning Chronicle. J It is said that five of the Bishops, temporal Peers, who voted against the Refor ° ,ot l 4 intimated their intention of giving it their K r , f, next introduced in the House of Lords. that a few others will follow their example, 4°. / 1) : the certain passing of the Bill, it is necetnorli should be a creation of Peers, bat not to the `l, was suggested at the commencement of th e thus seems that there has been a se-action, btitor action amongst the Tory Peers, name ly, Bach / 0 have the foresight to see the consequence of b popular with the country, and lowering ° l i d ' public estimation, and the folly of persisting t o r" tion, which, if successful, would involve the trouble and commotion.—Morning Advertise r : I' l There, probably, never was a per i ?) every branch of trade laboured under such pression as at the present moment ; and, um iesiA be done to avert this, the most ruinous eon sete i Vi speedily ensue. In former eras of national Pe f ,f l i tress the country generally looked to Parliarnee t ,l, Government for redress; and there never when it had so strong a claim upon the "c° / dom," seeing that it has been the colleefil(7) which has been main!) , instrumental in bringilts present lamentable state of things.—Morning The railway betwixt Dundee an d , 31 has at length been opened. O n F r iday f : started for the first tune, for the conveyance ° passengers. The distance to Newtyle, frog' side of the Law, the temporary place of start' eleven miles, and was gone over by the eoac b / 6 hour and a quart(r, conveying along with 1 c sengers. The waggon, loaded with goods, le o' same distance in an hour and twenti-fi' l Glasiow Chronicle. riticis or ' , lank Stock .. Per Cent. lied Rer Cent. Cons, ..ato Per Cent.. ... R ed... tie w 3%per Cen ", Per Cent. Ani IPer Cent 182 e Bank Long Anr Jan 5, 1860. Oct. 10, 1859, Jan. 5, 1800 Jan. 5, 1880 APril 5, 1800 .2an. s. 1870 raicis or r , Austrian Bond ra.rDian bond p"enos Ayres s - lan Crilornbisui ßonds Bor pato, 1824 . thaligh Greek Bonds... Ditto 182 5 Guatirnala.' keklean Bond Itto. 1825.... ralcss 1 Xnglish AliuM General Steam t Th flis ic ol 3 l,7 llL 3 ".v. Stock, 3j Ditto New .Per Cent. L'ov. Deb. 3% Grand Canal 9 PRICE; ~..rand Canal Deb. 4 p 4 Dalian Office HIGH NI MOllling ... 21 tbe DISEASES AND CAST DISEASES. Abscess Age and Debility 2,677 Apoplexy 485 Asthma 1,061 Cancer lO6 Childbirth 3lO Cholera Nlorbus v 4B Consumption 4,807 Contraction of the Heart 25 Convulsions Croup 'll9 Diabes 7 Diarrhea Dropsy 986 Dropsy on the Brain 853 Dropsy on the Chest 122 Dysentery ll Enlargement of the Heart 73 Epilepsy.. 54 Erysipelas Fever Fever, Intermittent, or Ague 3B Fever (Scarlet) 143 Fever (Typhus) Gout B4 Hemorrhage 6l Hernias Hooping Cough Hydrophobia 6 Inflammation 2,812 Inflammation of theßowels 138 Inflammation of the Liver 296' hisanity 226 Jaundice 44 Jaw-locked l2 Measles Miscarriage 27 CHRISTENED. Males 14,217 Females 14,046 Total 29,263 Whereof Under 2 years of age Between 2 and 5 2,647 5 and 10 10 and 20 20 and 30 30 and 40 40 and 50 50 and 60 Increase in the burials THURSD CHOLEI Col DJ Retnaine New calf Died Recover Prom the Remains New eas Died Recover From the NORTI Remain New ca Died.... Reoove so' New ca Died... Recoye Remaii New ca Died. Reeove • No RI Gentlemen tare, but ii Alace in ad HOUG Remai New c Died.. Recov New c Died.. Recov New ( Died. A repo! Pearance Particulaz The are in plagu e speed, and 01, solute it. It Iladdil already Inortali every c are cc numbe Saturn Inas z be the surrou Th e ( diseasl equalli Is one speeul and ti We ha (we r larity enna, ing remai has a n ig t quest Alin; Ain ( even a pc