The Sun. — London, England, 1861-10-26 00:00:00

TSB. CIVIL WAR IN AMB_RICA. (From the Special Correspondent of the Times.) WASHINGTON, OCT. 10. When it is stated that no movement of any im portance has taken place lately, the remark must be supposed to refer to active operations calculated to bring the war to a close or to a definite issue. The Confederates have ostensibly retired along the whole of their line, and General 31‘Clellan is out to day in the drizzling rain with a strong column in the neighbourhood of Lewinsville, which is on the road from the Chain-bridge to Fairfax Court-house, to Pierce, if he can, the great mystery of their position. It would be a strange thing—almost, I believe, un precedented—if two battles were to be fought on the same ground. But if the Federalists advance towards Manassas there seems no alternative, and if they ad vance at all they can take no road but that which will lead them to Manassas, unless a stroke of inven tive daring discovers another not now visible. The Southern army has obviously drawn in its horns and its feelers, and M'Clellan is putting out his in the places they occupied. What a mortification it would be to a mere ambitious soldier if, after all his studies at West Point and his investigation of military science, he found himself, as M'Clellan does, at the head of an immense army, which is, however, not fit to work out and to carry into practice the movements he has wrought out on paper, where with to surprise the enemy and the world, and to earn the favour and gratitude of his country f But the General does not appear to be the man who for I mere glory would run the risk of losing all at stake by failure, and ho is actuated, doubtless, by sounder, more solid, and nobler motives than the desire to achieve victories. He knows that the very magnitude of the mass is one .of the foremost difficulties in the way of managing it. But irregu lars and indisciplined men will not fight against odds as a general rule, although the Federalists established a theory from the defeats of poor Lyon and of Siegel, that because they had faced odds and been beaten, therefore they could conquer against odds, or, as their writers said, that " one Union man is equal to three rebels." As a similar belief is said to exist among the men on the other side, it is likely the fact will never be tested, as each will make sure of being tolerably even in all encounters. As it requires the very highest sort of military con- fidence and veteran resolution to induce men to attack superior forces, or to receive their attack unless very strongly posted, it becomes an absolute necessity for General 'M'Clellan to show a front equal to that of his opponents. Hence the large array massed in front of Washington, when a small one in well constructed works would answer as well for defence, aided by a manageable army in the field. The only point on which the Federalists are threatened in any way at present is Leesburg, on the Virginia side, about 30 miles in a straight line from Washington, at the end of the railway from Alexandria, on which a portion of the Northern army is resting. This force is in observation on the Potomac,.on a ridge at the end of a spur of the Blue Mountain chain, and lies on the right flank of the Federalists in any advance to Manassas. It is watched by the columns under Banks and Stone at the other side of the river between Point of Rocks and Danntown. The communication between this force of 25,000 men and the main body at Manassas is not difficult, and may be effected in part by the rail and by good roads over an undulating country. It is quite possible that Beauregard has been able to reinforce the Confederates at Norfolk, and to strengthen his right as well as the corps in obser vation on the Potomac, and that he has now made up his mind to await the march of events and of his adversary in his present positiou. In Western Virginia Rosencranz on the one side, and Floyd and Lee en the other, seem to be in intrenched positions, from and on which they advance without any material result gained on either side. The country does not belong to either Federalist or Confederate. The skirmishes of one day are fol. lowed by the skirmishes of the next, and one march from a place unmarked on maps is succeeded by another equally difficult to follow. These positions and fights at such places as Big Springs and Big Sewell are, no doubt, of consequence, but it is not possible to appreciate them without better know ledge of the country, and the Federalists in being able to keep these forces in the State have the better part of the ground, because they arc pro tecting Union men in Virginia, which professes to belong to the Confederation. 'There has been no doubt of the fact that Beauregard has concentrated his army—l use his name for that of the Confede rate Generals, whoever they may be—at Manassas once more, and that he has been merely advancing and retiring to amuse his troops and induce the enemy to attack him ; but it is also the fact that he meditated an irruption into Maryland, and an attack, either to screen the attempt or to be con verted into a real demonstration in an event of any unexpected success, on the lines between Alexan dria and the heights in front of Georgetown, and that, finding the strength of the Federalist posi tion in ground, men, and works, he abandoned the plan, at least for the time. The Indian summer will soon arrive, but in January the rainy season, alternating with frost and snow, begins, and there is but little time left for active operations between this month and the American winter, which renders it, at all events, not easy to move troops and guns in the open country. If General M'Clellan can see his way to a battle to clear his front, with a reasonable chance of success, he no doubt will fight it. lie must defend the capital against all chances, and prevent a Confede rate army getting into Maryland ; but with these conditions always in view it will surprise us if he does not strike the blow from the river side, on the enemy's tight flank. There was every reason to make Fortress Monroe a base of operations, but for the difficulty of procuring provisions, and the delay and notoriety of collecting an army there by the rivers. The loss of Hampton, and the concentra tion of Confederates in the vicinity, will render that point less eligible in all respects, and the long threatening of Newport News by Maquader may come at last. Nothwithstanding the strong bodies and serviceable qualities of the men, there was an unsteadiness about the artillery and cavalry at the review the other day which did not epeak for their thorough control as yet by their officers or of themselves. There were about 3,200 or 3,400 sabres of all sorts together and 18 batteries of art lery on the ground. Many of the latter were composed of different calibres—Parrott guns, ordi nary 6's and 12's, long and short, rifled and smooth ; ho • witzers of 12 and 24 of various patters ; licornes, or gun, made reamed out Napoleon g u ns. The Parrott . I de by the eminent founder at West Point, r' isa , m S o 7 t p il l i e c i i _ ironworkma nlike-looking b piece of artillery, with and it : range . and shrunk on over the breech, nearly as great as that of the Armstron g , and its of field artillery cost is very much less. The force and it M'Clellan is now very considerable, iav v ill Surpri se me ver y muc h if the Confederat es anything like equa l me t a l, The General has e xerted this arm of his service towards greatly to advance h as been much assisteau7dsh.s efficiency, a nd he chief of fi e ld or dnance, Brigadier - General ygarly' of th e regular United States' artillery. Unq ue r st .g '°rlablY, if these gu ns are well handled , there will b,5 some rr 3 0 bat teries in support of an ad v ance on a ntto vg w hich, considerable a s the number maybPoint, ill l eave field batteries stil l available for the flank s and a for co-operation with detached columns. It is asserted , mos t positively that , tho u g h there is no outcr y in the ' public press against the delay which is taking place, individuals of weight and position are again urging on the President and his Government the necessity of an advance for political reasons, and that pres sure has been placed upon the authorities to try the fate of another battle. The mercantile interests are in great anxiety, and wish for some certain solution of their embarrassments as to the future. The gfeat demand for war supplies has given an artificial activity to trade in certain cities and districts, which is supplied out of the public purse generally. Short harvests in Europe may pour a flood of gold into the Western States, but it is out of the question that foreign commerce can resume its usual course while the States are distracted by civil war. The Custo tmaretn_rn, s . under this tariff are beginning to ten their o om .w tale, but nothing else could be ex -Imaleo4 4 .4417k0t gartly bo cappootd tot THE soli, GO DON",. SAITRDAY EVENING, OCI I OI3ER 2G, 1861. figures and decimaled b .attalions. One section re lating to the trials of 'two 10-inch guns, one cast solid and cooled from. the exterior, the other cast hollow and cooled from the interior, is most valu ablx, and goes far to justify Capt. Rodman's opinion in favour of hollow cast guns. Nor is anything of the kind with which I am acquainted equal in re search and value t(.) his experiments on cannon pow der, and on the material for cannon ; indeed, the papers are a monument of scientific industry,patient investigation —every step marked by diagrams and illus trations of the most finished character. The results of his labour may yet be undeveloped, but I recoramend our engineers, artillery officers, and gun makers to study them. One result, however, is the Rodman gun. This piece of ordnance, once called the " Floyd" gun, from the unsuccessful strategist of the Southern army, who was Secretary of War tein i vor e Buchanan, is 190 inches long, has a maxi mum diameter of 48.1, and weighs 49,099 lb. The star-gauge does not show a variation of I.oooth of an inch in the whole length of bore of 15 inches. The firing was commenced with 251 b. charges of powder, .6 in diameter each grain, and shells weigh ing 3201 b. and 3401 b., strapped to oak sabots of 111 b. The charges were increased by 51b. incre ments of large-grained powder up to 401 b., and trials were also made with a peculiar powder called per forated cake up to 501 b. At 28 deg. 35 rain.`the perforated cake 501 b. charge threw a 3451 b. shell 5,208 yards; 401 b. of coarse powder, with more than twice the maximum pressure of gas, threw a 3301 b. shell at the same elevation 5,088 yards; 351 b. at 6 deg. elevation, threw a 3281 b. shell 1,976 yards. The time of flight of the first was 26.43 sec. ; of the second, 26.37 sec. ; of the third, 6.93 sec. The gun is intended for direct fire at short ranges. Hori zontal fire, range 1,785 yards, gave four ricochets ; mean velocity, 747 feet per second ; greatest recoil, 90 inches. There arc numerous experiments with the gun and its effects, and the conclusion seems to be that no construction on the water could stand the impact of such masses of iron, and that thick shells (one-third of exterior diameter) would be more effective against masonry or iron-clad ships than solid shot ; for Captain Rodman disbelieves that a perfectly solid sphere of cast iron of even eight inches in diameter, and of proper hardness, has ever been made. As soon as Captain Dahlgren has any leisure he intends to try some of his heavy guns against the strongest descriptions of iron plates on sections of shipping, and he is quite con fident the large shell, fired at low velocities, will destroy them, In the qualities of iron the Ame maintain their usual average when one-half of the country cannot receive them and the other half is carrying on a war with its rebellious roma" der. It is true that the South must be badly off also, but there passion does its work; the pride o the fierce aristocracy, their superiority in the fi ld, in stra tegy, in political skill, the terrors o' their slave volcano, sustain them. They are short of clothing and certain articles of food. Coffee at Richmond is 2s. 6d. per lb., and the Southerners must have it ; blankets are most costly, shoes are scarce, but energy, determination, and martial ardour abound. In a former letter I expressed an opinion which nothing I have seen or heard has induced me to alter or to modify, that the North could, if it put forth all its strength, overrun the South. It has never occurred to me for one moment that the North could hold the South as a military province if the people in the Confederate States were as unanimous in their resistance after their armies were over thrown as they are at present. It must not be for gotten that in a contest greater even than this, the fight for national life, the popular enthusiasm and support languished and diminished, so that Hamil ton complained bitterly in the Federalist that the collection of taxes had been abandoned by the State Government in despair. The trading interests must suffer far more than the agricultural in a prolonged war; the South can afford to play the waiting game in the natural order of events longer than the North. Whichever lasts the longer wins the race, and the North, knowing it has strength, but not so confident perhaps of its lasting, is impatient for speedy success. The champion has not finished his training, and it would be dangerous to send him into the ring, however full of courage and mettle he may be. I am informed that the chiefs of the South are so confident, they say they would desire nothing better than to let a commission from Washington visit and report on the condition of their army. But if they could but visit Washington and see the mag nitude of the preparations against them, they would perhaps be struck by the comparison. The inten sity of feeling in the South is described to be greater than ever. Their resolution is adamant, and if they have, like the Federalists, Blair and Fremont con troversies, they are kept in the dark. The discipline of both armies may be on a par, but I am inclined to think that in actual drill the Northern troops do not improve more rapidly, and are not better in hand than the Southerners. One of the main agencies on which the chiefs of ;he army rely for the establishment of discipline is :otal abstinence. Never has Bacchus in all his forms and poor John Barleycorn been so persecuted in any army in the world, The sword has done what the pen never dared, and to all intents and purposes the sale of drink to a soldier is a crime, and drink of any kind is a malum et prohibitum et ricans say our standard is much lower than theirs, and Captain Dahlgren informed me he was sur prised to find we were content with iron in our guns of such inferior fibre. October 9.—Having nothing more exciting to per se. One grim colonel rebukes his captain, and do the other day, I sat down to look over the threatens him with "arrest for "drinking and fid- reports of General M'Clellan, Major Mordecai, dling in his tent," and intimates it was disrespectful and Colonel Delafield, who were sent as a mili to his commanding officer, possibly on the grounds tary commission to Europe by Mr. Jefferson put by the Indian colonel for a similar offence. Davis at the close of the Crimean War. Per " You are to consider yourself under arrest, sir, for haps the American people do not know that their making a row in your quarters and not asking me commission was treated with neglect, if not with to it." Another has a judicial decision on the ques- something worse, by the French authorities, and tion whether lager beer is or is not an intoxicating were not even permitted to see Parshal Pellissier ; drink, and it is decided in the negative, to the joy while the English gave them quarters in the camp of Deutschland, who soon prove the contrary, and of the Fourth Division, near Cathcart's-hill, rations, the lager is put in the index expurgatorius also. In and passes and horses, and detached a staff officer the complete extinction of news the existence:of to wait upon them, and gave them passages in their the press is threatened, and the papers are contend- steamers wherever and whenever they required ing that they are alive, and their opponents, if not them. General, then Captain, M'Clellan's report on dead, are dying. It is a somewhat quaint study to the Crimea is contained in 24 quarto pages, well observe the prostration of the journals before the written, clear, and not destitute of a modest self military power—how they fawn, and cringe, and confidence. He declares that his object in pointing flatter. But all will not do. The puissant finger is out errors is to prevent similar mistakes on the part on their nostril, and they are well nigh smothered of American officers, and then, observing "that it for want of fresh air. It is now the fashion to may seem absurd to compare small affairs with great," contemn politicians, and to affect to contemn the plunges into affairs by remarking that the American civil power when in any way opposed to the mili- army completed the investment of Vera Cruz on tary. The efforts of the Pennsylvania politicians to the second day, while the Allies required nearly get at the votes of their regiments are treated as if seven days to land and march about 15 miles to the they were the best jokes in the world. The attempts Alma. It is scarcely possible for an American to of the judges to uphold civil authority and the avoid comparisons on such matters, though they are rights of the subject are regarded with indifference introduced by deprecatory remarks. Vera Cruz is or without sympathy, and yet a remarkable instance on the sea; the Mexicans had no fleet. Balaklava is of judicial boldness and independence has occurred nearly nine miles from Sebastopol, Kamiesh is be here worthy of all praise. The military authorities tween four and five. In effect, our landing at Old here have, by a coup de plume, declared they will Fort, which commenced on the 14th, was inter liberate no more recruits, foreign or native, who en- rupted by high surf and wind on the 15th; an army list into their ranks. Lately an application was made of 65,000 English, French, and Turks, with 92 pieces to Judge Merrick here for a writ of habsas corpus for of artillery and about 1,100 cavalry, were ready to one Jeremiah Lyon, a minor, enlisted in the 23d march on the 18th, fought at Alma on the 20th, Pennsylvanian Regiment, to which Brigadier-Gene- gave two days to the interment of the dead and em ral Graham made an unsatisfactory return, and barkation of the wounded, and after a hazardous after argument the judge ruled that the General march, gaining new bases of operation, opened fire should appear and show cause why an attachment from their batteries on the 17th October, having in for contempt of Court should not issue against him. vested the place on the 27th September. It is indeed the General pleaded the order of the War Depart- absurd to compare small things with great. But meat and the exemption of the military from the Gen. M'Clellan—who never saw the Alma, be it action of the Courts in such matter, but at last observed—goes on to say the position was not really the minor was produced in court in pursuance of strong, nor was it at all improved artificially, and the writ and was discharged by order of the judge. astounds one by declaring the Allies were nearly I append some matter from my diary since the double the number of the Russians, "according to date of my last letter. both accounts." Menschikoff admitted 36,000 men. October B.—A review, or inspection, of cavalry Anitschkof says the Russians had 42 battalions, 16 and artillery going on. I cannot go—it is mail squadrons, 11 sotnias of Cossacks, or about 1,000 day—but I see the troops pass my windows ; some irregular horses,72 field-pieces,and 24 horse artillery few squadrons of cavalry and several batteries of guns, which looks very like some 42,000 infantry and artillery. Besides, I have two honorary aides, who 2,600 sabres. We know that our force consisted of go out and tell me all about the affair—one is an 27,000 men, that the French had 24,000, and the ex-officer of Austrian Dragoons and an ex-Crimean Turks, 7,000 ; but of these the Turks never fired a cavalry man, the other is an infantry officer en shot, and were not engaged at all. The Fourth retraite, both Englishmen. They report the artil- (British) Division was not present in the action, and lery fair—horses light, batteries rather a mixture, the Third Division were but very slightly engaged, longs and shorts, rifled and smooth bores ; carriages part not coming up till the battle was over. The heavy, harness not well kept or clean, but strong General considers the battle important only in estab and serviceable too, but not " well set up,'' head- lishing the morale of the Allies. Why, it caused dress condemned. Report on cavalry not so favour- the siege to be possible at all by leading to the de able. Men don't ride, no seats, no setting up— feat of the covering army ! Had the Allies been nothing clean ; horses rather mixed, saddlery and beaten, it would, surely, have proved of some con equipments, including swords, scabbards, spurs, bits sequence. Had Menschikoff never fought it, our and metal work generally very dirty. As to bone and operations against the place must have been still sinew, the men are good as can be; the impression is, more uncertain; but our victory decided him to aban however, that they could not be relied on to stand or don Sebastopol and retire to Bakshi Sarai. The sub to make a charge in their present condition, and that seque . nt criticism, referring to the possibility of cut they would do more harm than good if any attempt ting off the Russians from Sebastopol would not have were made to handle them in the field. The Fede- been made if the General could have seen the ground ralists seem to have increased their artillery force or had been present on Sept. 20,1854. " Drive them very much since their last advance, when they had into the city and enter at their heels!" No forts, only 49 pieces in the field. They have now more no citadel, no fleet there to interfere with that pro than three times as many guns, well horsed, and an gramme ! " Cut them off from Simpheropol.' , enormous increment is still spoken of. With their With the AVoronzow-road in their rear to lead to it, foundries, iron works, and resources in skilled le- and in doing it to throw them back on their strong hour, there is no reason why they should not be able hold, Sebastopol, as well ! So far from the battle to fight their battles with artillery principally, and being determined by Bosquet's turning the left make a Solferino or Goojerat of the affair. The , (under the fire of the Allied ships), the official ac- Naval Department is ordering guns by the hundred count says that Menschikoff, pressed in front by tons. It is a pity we cannot sell them the American the English, and on the left by the French, " donna monster guns which we bought during the Crimean alors l'ordre au Prince Gortschakoff de retirer le war by the pound, and which are lying in the mud centre et l'ailedroit nos troupes, plus do deux verstes at 'Woolwich. en arriere de la position qui avait etc choisie, ou The Americans, having made some very f ee ble les suiverent aussitot les troupes de l'aile gauche, experiments long ago on targets of sheet i r on b o lted qui avaicnt resise au choc de toute le. Quatrieme together and screwed on wooden backs, arrived at Division Franssaise jusqu' au moment de la retruite the conclusion that they had exhausted the question generale." When General M'Clellan states the of iron cased ships and looked with indiff e r e nce at garrison consisted merely of four battalions the experiments of France and England to test the and " the sailors of the fleet," he did not know per resisting powers of rolled iron slabs ; that is, the haps that the latter consisted of about 14,000 excel- Government departments did ; but many naval lent soldiers and artillerists, the flower of the Rus officers were solicitous that further trials should be sian army, as the siege proved. Of the incidents of made, and that one gunboat or large vessel at least the flank march the criticism is unjust ; the Scots should be built on the improved principles of either Greys were close up with the guns, which were not the English or the French constructions, or on in front; only one horse troop was there, and, in plans of their own. It seems to be the'opinion, how- stead of our coming on a strong Russian column, ever, among American naval officers that the in- we merely hit on the very rear of the baggage crease in the size of ordnance must always prove guard of one regiment. A plan for attacking the superior to any resisting powers of iron, and by a English at Mackenz;e could not have been followed, smashing blow of a large projectile at a low velocity as the only road for the attack would have led the they think they can break and crush in not so enemy in a thin column between the French and tore to which they belong. much the plates as the whole side of the strut- the English who were massed above and below it. exhaustive work on ong. There is no more In many other points the general was misinformed, ties of Metals for Ca n nn ' o ' the making of large ordnance but many of his objections, conceived though they in the world than th Cannon Powder, with an Account andt Cannon, on the Proper- may be in a spirit slightly nu/queur, as far as the the Qualities of Allies, or rather the English are concerned, show and Trial of a 15-Inch Gun, n man, of the Ordnance Department, United States' of the Fabrication considerable quickness and military knowledge. by Captain T. J . Rod- There were many things he could not have known Army. By authority of the iSseGcir,taray quarto of w hEa it y l e to c u r t iti g e r is e e a d t , trouble, as,for and perhaps ought not to k i English v o a u . g hltvhtoathNavao got Bal g a l Boston, Mass. C. If. Crosby, instance, his alleging that the u pwards of 300 pages, copiously illustrated and K becomeazat ch o f insteadthe south f be the Government at enormous cost. In this of the up . e uld ta h k a e v n e plateau on which we were encamped P As it work are explained the principles on which the was, Kazatch in was bad weather quite unservice- Rodman gun, now at Fortress Monroe, was cost, able, and Kazatch was nearly under fire. We had but the deta ils, though most interesting and im- a joint occupation with the French, just as the Sar portantprofessional and scientific men, are so dinians were joined with to us at one time in shares irritate the bulk of newspaper rea- with Balaklava. It was technical as to notNiel, butßurgoyne, who 400 by l o ge b n ical i'9021.0) oil 49vcil 09/01114 cd first indicated the impoo mo of the 1\1;41419ff, 04 perhaps it may be as well to add that on the Bth of September the fall of the Redan would have deter mined the enemy to precipitate their retreat to the north side as effectually as the loss of the Malakhoff, with the addition of causing them very great loss, and a possible surrender of masses of men, from the command of the Redan over the bridge, which could not be touched by the Malakhoff. How little did the young officer dream of his future destiny, or the events in his country so near at hand, when ho wrote his " Second Deduction from the Siege of Sebastopol"—that mere individual courage can not suffice to overcome the forces, " &c.," but that it must be rendered manageable by discipline, and directed by that consummate and mechanical mili tary skill which can only be acquired by a course of education instituted for the special purpose and by long habit, and earnestly advocated the extension and improvement of Militia and Volunteer systems. The bulk of his report relates to the organisation of European armies, in the cavalry arm especially, and does infinite credit to his industry, is well written, and must prove valuable to the officers of the regular army who read it. Thursday, 10th.—The movement of troops con- tinues, but I think there is not more than could be accounted for by supposing the General is shaking them into their places and feeling his way down the river ; and, with the exception of the cautious advances towards the centre of the enemy's posi tion at the other side of the Chain-bridge by the troops under Brigadier-General Smith, no forward step has been taken. Violent winds have accelerated the work of autumn, and stripped the trees, which yield their leaves most readily before their time, but there are pines enough left to screen positions to some extent, and the liberal use of the balloon, which contributes a good deal to the knowledge of the Federalists respecting the numbers of the enemy, does not prove equally satisfactory as to the nature of the ground they occupy. There is considerable uneasiness or vigilance manifested in reference to the north or left bank of the Potomac, and patrols and detached parties of the Federalists appear from time to time in the country below Port Tobacco, and, in conjunction with the night watches on the river, must render intercourse between the Con federates and their friends in Maryland rather hazardous. Very exciting times for the people who like adventure ! Not a night but a chase, an escape, a ruse, passes on the broad waters of the river, and the canvass-backed ducks, which are just now due, will no doubt be surprised at such un usual activity in their haunts. Romances, little and big, are working themselves out; large and small novels are ready for us down among the wood embosomed roads, the sedgy creeks, the lonely cot tages of Virginia and Maryland every day, and slouched hats, folded requelaures, muffled oars, jin gling spurs, clanking swords, sudden pistol shot, and all the business of effective melodrama, are here in grim earnest. Solitary horsemen, and groups of the same, shrouded female forms and gleaming eyes, lovely sunsets, moonlit nights, the flashing of steel, mysterious cutters and schooners gliding about in storm or in calm, with snow-white sails and raven ous black teeth—all these are in the life and terribly serious. But how can any one deal with the names Who is to be pathetic on " Big Muddy ?" Can one be tender even on "Turtle Creek ?" " Punch Bowl Point" refuses to become romantic without a devil before, and with a point after it. On " Posey's Bluffs" no flower of fancy will bloom, and Dumas himself could not " locate" a tale at " Persimmon Rock" or "Port Tobacco." But there are strange and stirring scenes about them nathless. Ladies padded with copper wire and chlorate of potass, animated by love or secession proclivities, and bloated out of shape by treasonable correspon dence, who have lost all their figures by communi cation with the rebels, are caught, or hunted, or frightened every week ; and now and then there comes up a United States' cruiser to the navy-yard below us, with a prize of three Confederates and a cask of whisky, taken in a row boat, or with news of a brush down the river, which never sweeps any thing away. What a winter there is before the dwellers in these lands ! But, gloomy as it may be for the North, the prospect for the agricultural people in the South is far worse. There is the con stant fear of arson and murder, conspiracy, up risings, and insurrections, which must come with the long winter nights to the aged and infirm, who will be the sole dwellers in lone country houses in great woods, and in distant farmhouses. There is the want of warm clothing. Even in the North there is a scarcity of blankets, and the Sanitary Commissioners are appealing to the charitable for contributions. There will be also the deprivation of luxuries, almost necessaries, such as tea and coffee; fresh provisions will not be generally pro curable—in fact, the enumeration of the miseries of this civil war would exhaust the fire and touch the heart of a prophet. M.P., whose arrival at Sir James Ferguson, Richmond is reported in the Southern papers, is stated on the same authority to be the bearer of letters and despatches from Mr. Dudley Mann, the Commissioner of the Southern Confederation, to Mr. Jefferson Davis. The statement is scarcely credible, for such an act would seriously compromise the position of an English subject. Lord Adolphus Vane Tempest left Washington some time ago with the object of working round the Federal lines and getting into the seceding States; and among our few English visitors there is generally a consider able amount of interest and curiosity evinced in reference to the Southern Confederation and the condition of the Southern army. Lord Adolphus Vane returned in the Persia, impressed with the idea that the South cannot be subjugated, and with a high opinion of General Beauregard. There was a ridiculous report that his lordship had applied for service in the Federal army, and we shall be told perhaps that Sir James Fergusson, who has been exposed to the usual vulgar abuse, has taken service in the Southern army. • Mr Mure, her Britannic Majesty's Consul, arrived hero last night, in order to open communication on business with Lord Lyons, after a difficult journey of 23 days, owing to the state of the roads, inter ruption of trains, and detention at stations, arising from military movements. There is not one single word of truth in the statement in a New York paper that Mr. Mure was under surveillance at Bowling green or anywhere else, that he had a servant whom he left behind him to bring in despatches, and that a communication announcing the appearance of the Federal fleet off New Orleans, intended for him, had fallen into the hands of General Ander son. The whole of the elaborate story is a fiction. Mr. Mure has arrived here in person, because he had no means of transacting business of the greatest consequence to British subjects, and has been for two months without official intercourse with his Minister, and it is highly desirable that a regular communication should be opened for the sake of British interests with the representatives of our Government in the blockaded ports. Vast inconve nience is experienced by the total cessation of all means of making remittances, such as premiums on insurances, policies, and the like. The question is, however, full of difficulty. The United States' Go vernment naturally watch any communication with the seceded States very closely and jealously, and it is not to be expected that war can be carried on without inconvenience to all exposed to its influence. A painful accident happened at Liege just as King Leopold's carriage was leaving the railway station. An immense crowd had collected in the street, and in the foremost rank was an old invalid with a wooden leg, who wanted to present a petition to his Majesty. Just as the Royal carriage approached the old man stepped forward, but was thrown down by the pressure of the crowd, and fell under the wheels, which passed over him, the cheering of the crowd having prevented the postillions from hearing the order to stop. The King and Princes, who saw the accident, uttered an exclamation of horror, but were greatly relieved when told that the poor old man had received no serious injury. His Majesty directed that every necessary attention should be paid to him, and also sent him a present in money . [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway's Ointment and Pills.--- Measles.—Children's Diseases.—Early measures are ur gently required to keep within moderation the first symp toms of ;measles. When the fever first appears, Hollo way's Ointment should be rubbed twice a day at least upon the throat and chest. It excites the skin to throw out the rash more fully, and prevents its receding before the proper time. It maintains the eruption so freely on the skin that it precludes convulsions, inflammation of the lungs, and other distressing and dangerous symptoms. It likewise soothes and softens the cough. Holloway's Pills should be given, if possible, to cool the hot parched skin, to moderato the thirst, increase the expectoration, relieve Lla bArritid )4QAthiliff; tt41794 1 04 FAifY tin 13199 A, THE EXPLOSION AND LOSS OF FIVE LIVES AT BALLIACOLLIG. As we briefly stated in our yesterday's impression, an explosion of gunpowder, involving the death of five human beings and the destruction of a portion of the works, took place at the Ballincollig Powder Mills on Wednesday. The catastrophe occurred about 10 minutes before 12 o'clock, and happened precisely on the same site where the dusting house blew up in August, 1859, when five men were killed. After that accident a building was erected on the same spot, to be used as a press house. It was a small wooden structure, situated in the western part of the works, with low walls of brick under neath, supporting the sides and flooring. It was fitted up with a hydraulic machine placed for the most part under the floor where the men worked, and was composed entirely of gun metal and copper. It needless to say that in this, as well as in all the other portions of the works, every precaution against explosions that human foresight could devise was carefully carried out. The flooring of the house was completely covered with leather, there was no communication between the upper portion of the building and the place where the machinery was situated, and the men whenever they went into the house were obliged to put on leather shoes, manu faetured without a nail, leather aprons, and canvas smocks ; and as a further protection against acci dent the buckles in their belts were made of copper. In this building, which was completely isolated from the rest of the works, five men were employed. They, it is said, were some of the steadiest hands employed in the establishment. How it occurred is inknown. At 6 o'clock on Wednesday morning the five men were inspected by Mr. Somerville, the superintendent, preparatory to their going to work, and found to be properly attired. At 8 o'clock he visited the house, and having inspected it, found all right ; and it was but a very short time before the explosion occurred that the house was cleared, and all the powder it contained carried away. Immediately afterwards a small supply, consisting of eight barrels of charges and eight barrels of dust, was put in. At 10 minutes to 12 o'clock the men employed in other parts of the works were startled by hearing an explosion. It was so slight that it was at first supposed to have happened in one of the small sheds in the eastern portion of the establishment, and known as the composition mills, where the powder underwent its first process. Mr. Somerville, who was in one of eastern departments at the time of the explosion, at once ran out and looked to the eastward, expect ing to see smoke rising in that direction ' • but it soon became apparent that the accident had taken place at the other end of the establishment. In this direction, then, most of the men employed about the mills hastened, and on their arrival at No. 2 press-house, a truly horrifying spectacle presented itself. The entire pressing -house, with a shanty at one side, where the men used to keep their victuals, was blown to fragments, which lay scattered over the ground for a considerable distance. For at least 60 or 70 feet around the building the ground was strewn with pieces of timber, sheets of iron, and portions of the machinery, while in one or two in stances large deals were imbedded several feet in the banks of the canal close by. On the western side of the building was a young plantation, and the greater number of the trees in this were completely 'destroyed. Three of the bodies of the unfortunate men employed in the building were found in the immediate vicinity of the house, but so fearfully mutilated that recognition was all but impossible. Portions of the limbs and other ports of the bodies had been torn away. One had the top of his skull blown away. Small portions of the limbs and flesh were blown across the river, and were found there afterwards by parties who went across to search. The body of another was completely torn open in the middle, the entrails hanging out, and the heads of two of the men were blown off. In a very short time after the accident occurred Dr. Rountree, medi cal officer to the works, hearing the explosion, hast ened to the spot, in the hope of being able to render some assistance, but medical science was of course of no avail to the mutilated corpses that lay before him. With one exception, all the men killed had families, and when their wives and children arrived at the place, the scene was a most heartrending one. The bodies found were placed on carts, and around these the relatives of the deceased gathered, utter ing loud and piercing cries, and other passionate demonstrations of grief. Sir Thomas Tobin, Mr. Rudd, Dr. Rountree, and Mr. Somerville were on the spot doing everything in their power to alle viate the sufferings of the wives and children of the unfortunate men. When the explosion took place it was heard dis tinctly in Cork, and appeared so near that some people imagined it was the discharge of heavy ordnance in the immediate vicinity of the city. However, owing to the small quantity of powder in the building at the time, the explosion was not so great as the one that occurred about two years ago, when not only was the house in which it occurred utterly destroyed, but the roofs of several houses at the opposite side of the river wero blown in, and a quantity of glass broken in the village of Ballin collig. The following are the names of the men killed : Owen Begley, foreman of the house, aged about 50. He had been engaged in the manufacture of powder for the last twenty-three or twenty-four years. He leaves a wife and one grown-up daughter; Thomas Long, aged about 40, had been for some years em ployed in the mills. His family consists of a wife and four young children ; Timothy Merrick, aged about 30. He had been for years engaged in the works. A wife and two children compose his family. A nephew of this man's was killed by the explosion in '59 ; George Davidson, aged about 24. Had been at work in the mills since his boyhood. He has left a wife but no children Thomas*Haily, aged about 36 years. Had been engaged in the works for about twenty years. His family consists of a wife and four young children. On Wednesday evening Mr. Coroner Honahan held an inquest on the bodies of three men found— Long, Merrick, and Davidson. Mr. David Somerville deposed that he was con nected with the powder mills for the last twenty two years, and was at present superintendent over the works. Knew the deceased for years—some of them for nearly twenty-two years. They were five of the steadiest men in the establishment. Saw them last alive at six o'clock that morning, when they paraded before him, and were examined. That was prior to their proceeding to their work. Did not observe anything unusual about them. They were all fit for their business. They were told to go to No. 2 press-house. They had been for the three past days of the week, and for some time before, employed at the same place and at similar work. They understood their work well. There was a foreman in the house. He is missing, and witness presumes he was in the house when the accident occurred. His duty was to superintend the other men. Witness visited the house about eight o'clock that morning, when the five men were in the house and at work. At that time they were pressing powder. The house was in perfect order, and wit ness found everything to his satisfaction. Witness was speaking to the foreman then for some time. Asked him whether all was right, and he said yes, and that his machinery was all oiled ; witness examined it, and found it was so ; the house had not its full work to do that day, as other parts of the works had been stopped by back water ; the deceased went in to do some work, in order that there might be no arrears ; at about ten minuted before twelve o'clock that day was in the works yard, when witness heard a report like that of an explosion; it was so slight that he thought it was one of the composition mills, and ran towards them ; saw others running towards them too ; then found that the explosion occurred in the western part of the concern, and made his way towards it as fast as possible ; found this press-house in ruins ; saw the three bodies the subject of this inquiry there ; they were lying at different distances from the scene of the explosion ; they were dead. The bodies were in a mutilated state. Has no doubt that the state they were in was caused by the explosion. The foreman of the house, and whose body has not yet been found, was for over twenty years working at powder. No trace of the other two men that were in the house at the time of the explosion has as yet been found. The river and the canal had been dragged close by, but without finding them. Witness intended to net the river next morning to search for the bodies. Denis Connor, a boatman connected with the works, was next examined. He said he had been employed in taking powder that day from the house where the deceased had been employed. About 20 minutes before the explosion he had cleared the house of all the powder that was in it, and had left there 16cwt. of millcake and dust. Went and de livered what he took away at a distance of about 300 yards, and as he returned he heard the explo sion. When he left the five men were in the house and were all engaged in the mill. No other person was near the place except Denis Mahony, who was engaged with witness at his work in driving a horse. Dr. Roundtree, of Ballincollig, deposed that be was at the public dispensary that morning, when he heard the explosion, and being professionally connected with the works, and seeing the smoke, he hastened to the place and saw the bodies of the three men. Long was very much burnt and mutilated. r ; hei the other two had their heads blown off deaths must have been instantaneous, and the result of the explosion of gunpowder. Mr. M'lnnery (foreman) said, though not con nected with the powder mills, he knew theta well, and he could say that whenever an accident red no no expense was spared by the company Tent a similar occurrence. to pre- The Coroner—l am sure the esblishment is as ra%uaged as TAT ill %Ail scnisut ta r Y " Accidents will occur, and it is because they are un- 1 avoidable that they occur here. Mr. Somerville stated that his instructions from the owners of the concern were to do everything that the ingenuity of man could do to save risk to str life or to the concern. It Wh.s his constant study uctions, and he how best to carry out those in went through the houses daily fazd ran the same risk as the men did. The jury found that the !deceased i:ad come to their deaths by an accidental explosion of the house where they had been engaged. EXTRAORDINARY AFFILIATION CASE. (Before Edward Wanklyn, Esq., R. B. Harvey, Esq., William Pennington, Esq., and C. P. Stewart, Esq.) This was a charge of perjury arising out of the evidence of Elizabeth Geraldine Stokes, the daughter of a schoolmistress of Eton, Bucks, in a case of affiliation brought before a bench of magistrates on the Bth inst., a warrant having been issued for the apprehension of the prisoner on Tuesday last, on the application of Mr. William Rawson Turner, solicitor, of 16, Water-lane, Great Tower-street, London. Mr. Bruce appeared for the prosecutor, and Mr. Voules for the prisoner. The following evidence will explain the particulars of this re markable case;which was brought before the above bench of magistrates at Langley yesterday (Friday.) William Rawson Turner deposed—l am a soli citor at 16, Water-lane, Great Tower-street, Lon don. I attended at Slough in answer to a summons on the Bth day of October, 1861. I heard the evi dence then given by Elizabeth Geraldine Stokes. She stated that on the 14th of August, 1860, I travelled with her to London by the 12.25 up train from Windsor. She also stated that on arriving at Waterloo Station I took her over the bridge to the Strand in a cab ; that while in the cab I admini tered something to her which produced insensibility, and while in that condition I had connexion with her. She also stated that this took place between two and four o'clock in the afternoon ; that I left the cab to post a letter, and did not return to her. She also stated that the result of that connexion was the birth of a child on the 9th of May follow ing. She stated in answer to Mr. Preston, in cross examination, that was the first child she had had. I recollect the 14th October, 1860. On that day, between twelve and two o'clock, I called at the office of Mr. Holmes, Southampton-street, Blooms bury-square. I afterwards met Mr. Thomas Turner, my brother, aud lunched with him at the corner of Museum-street`, about two o'clock. I was not near Waterloo Statim on any part of that day. I never saw Miss Stokes, the prisoner, until the 16th or 17th of July in this year. I swear that the charge she brought against me is utterly false. Thomas Turner, depost"d—l am brother to Mr. W. R. Turner. I am a ship agent in the City. I recollect the 14th of August, 1860. I had an ap pointment in Bloomsburs, and I went there with my brother about 11 o'c lock. I lunched in Hart street or Museum-stree t with my brother, Mr. Holmes, Mr. Wilson, and another gentleman. We remained there till past 2 .o'clock. Cross-examined—l do not keep a diary, but I have gathered it from various memoranda. Phillip Lovegrove deposed—l was present on the Bth of October inst. I took the notes of the evi dence given on that occasion by the witnesses against William Rawson Turner, and now produce them. The prisoner stated that she went to Lon don by the 12.25 train on the 14th October, 1860, with Mr. Turner, and that he was the father of her child, born on the 9th of Mav, 1861. She also stated in cross-examination, " this is the first child I have had." The mother of the prisoner, at a former examina tion, admitted that her daughter had had a child by another gentleman four years ago ; when the affiliation case was dismissed. The magistrates considered that no case of per jury was proved. Case dismissed. FROM TILE GAZETTE OF LAST NIGHT. FOREIGN-OFFICE, OCT. 25. The Queen has been pleased to approve of Mr. John Young as Consul at Belfast for the United States of America. DOWNING-STREET, OCT. 24. The Queen has been pleased to appoint Thomas Blanch Stephen, Esq., to be Deputy-Collector and Landing Sur veyor for the Island of Ceylon. BOARD OF TRADE, WHITEHALL, OCT. 25. II; Right Hon. the Loicls of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade and Plantations have received, from the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, a copy of a Portu guese decree authorising, until the end of next April, the importation of wheat, rye, barley, and oats at the same duty as national grain when cleared for consumption. The same decree further states, that after expiration of the prescribed time the grain referred to may be still admitted, provided it be shown to the satisfaction of the Government that such grain left direct for the ports of the kingdom with the rea sonable expectation of arriving within the period in ques . bon. BANKRUPTS. Samuel Bowen, glass dealer, West Bromwich. • John Jerram, hosier's assistant, Nottingham. John Schofield, bootmaker, Nottingham. James Masey, builder, Weston-super-Mare. Charles Miles, innkeeper, Frome Selwood, Somerset. Robert Tait, clog maker, Skipton. Barnett Harris, cabinet maker, Kingston-upon-Hull. John Edwards, tailor, Gray's-ion-road. William Pritchard, carpenter, Acton, Middlesex. Joseph Sawyer, licensed victualler, High Holborn. Thomas Franks, baker, Kentish-town. Bernhard Horwitz, importer of foreign goods, Newgate street, City. George Bolt, sailor, Paddington. John Clark, carman, Lambeth. Charles Whitley, toolmaker, Manchester. John Marshal Young, merchant, Manchester. Joseph Simister, baker, Manehester. John Clarke, Glossop, tailor, Derbyshire. Edwin Done, hessian dealer, Manchester. Joseph Walton Barnes, fire-brick manufacturer, New castle-on-Tyne. George M'Caughie, commercial traveller, Trafalgar-tor race, Kingsland. John. Richard Richards, grocer, West-street, Bermoni seys Roger Hogan, tailor, Upper Marylebone-street. John Jenkinson, shoemaker, Wellington-row, Bethnal green. Algernon John Hearne, printer, Queen's Prison. Robert Clayton, trader, Queen's Prison. Edward Curteis, cole merchant, Bloxworth, Dorsetshire. Barnit Levi and George Levi, watchmakers, Liverpool. Joseph Radcliffe, ale and porter merchant, Liverpool. George Warhurst, ironmonger, Leigh, Lancashire. William Quarmby, bookseller, Ashton-under'Lyne. John Stevenson and Robert Stevenson, cotton manufac turers, Walsden, Lancashire. William Jones, fancy stationer, Prospect-place, Mile end-road. William Carden Jones, Queen's Prison. James Oilier, painter, Little Marylebone• street, Margie bone. Samuel Rowbotham, physician, Queen's-road, Chelsea. James Welch, builder, City-road. Robert Arthur Scarsfield Gregg, schoolmaster, Woo burn-park, Bucks. Thomas Greville Potter, dealer in lamps, Oxford-street. Charles Thomas Foster, licensed victualler, Fashion street, Spittalfields. William Burrows, jun., furniture dealer, Upper Nor wood. Henry Salmon, tobacconist, Haymarket. Joseph Lee, news-agent, Billiter-square, City. Antonine Dufaur, pauper, Queen's Prison. R o bert Bird, plumber, Ashford, Kent. John Giles, licensed victualler, Ringlestone, Kent. Thomas Bennett, sewing machinist, Poultry, City, George Hammersley, Gloucester-street, Clerkenwell, grocer. Charles Farrar, manufacturing chemist, Moor-terrace, Park-road, Old Kent-road. Henry Clarke, engineer, Vernon-place, Bloomsbury-sq. Augustus Crabb, watchmaker, Knightsbridge. George Godfrey, grocer, Brompton-terrace, Brompton. Wm. Newman, attorney-at-law, late of Dyer's-buildings, Holborn. Henry Jas. Braham, commission agent, late of Thavies • inn, Holborn. Wm. George Snow, carrier's clerk, Pomona-place, Staines-read, Hounslow. James Regent Ross, commission agent, Horsomonger lane Prison. Robert Plaster, builder, Baropton, Oxfordshire. Richard Webber, baker, Harwich. Samuel Green, clerk, Dalston, Middlesex. Thomas Thorn, clerk, Kentish-town, Middlesex. William Obadiah Clark, baker, Poplar. Edward Westbrook, grocer, Hanley, Staffordshire. - Charles Tunnicliff, draper, Tamworth. Joseph Williamson, manager of ironworks, Chilvers Coton, Warwickshire. Joseph Bicknell, merchant, Queen's Prison. James Knott, glass manufacturer, Atlas Glass Works, Emerson-street, Bank-side, Surrey. Reginald Chauncy, retired officer, E.LC.S., Sussex street, Pimlico. Martha Augusta Arthur Richards, spinster:, Queen's Prison. George Hutson, licensed victualler, King , street, Regent street. Owen Parry, mining age nt, Whitecross-street Prison. John Lawton, foreign a g ent, Mount-street, Middlesex . Richard Render, draper , Wilmin g ton, Durham . SCOTCH BANKRUPTS. Al ex ander M'Tavish, farmer , North Knapdale, Argyle. Alexander Forbes. Rangag, Latheron, Caithness. John Pillans, spirit merchant, late of Hamilton. Lindsay Berry, saddler, Maryhill. John Henderson, carter, Glasgow. AVERAGE PRICE OF SUGAR. Computed from the Returns made in the we e k en di ng Oct. 22, 186 1 , exclusive of the duties of Customs paid or payable thereon on the importation thereof into Great Britain : per cwt. Muscovado, the produce of British America 24s Bid Muscovado, the produce of the Ivfauritius .. 26s Od Muscovado, the produce of the East Indies.. —s —d Average price of the foregoing .. 24s 111c1 Messrs. Scott and Co., of Cartsdyke, Greenock, signed a contract yesterday at Paris for the construction of three large iron paddle steamers, hulls and engines, for the Compagnio Generale Transatlantique, of 3,350 tons and 750-horse power each. They are tc) bo ompletod respeo *PAY 411 9 : A 4/44 27 AIVI4Wgi COUN2.RY MARKETS. LIVERPOOL—Oct 25. There trzA a fair attendance of millers and dealers at this roor lin{ ;'s market. We had only a moderate business doing in wilt at, at 3d per cental lower than the currencies 0 1 last F 'rid ay. Flour must be quoted at 6d per barrel a gainst the seller. Oats and oatmeal steady, at extreme pq !ices. 'Lai lien corn in good demand, and about is lower i n vallie. gyptian beans have given way is per qr, and pe. gorie 11 is on last week's rates. WAKEFIELD-OCT. 25 Che clamant; to-day for new and old wheat was dull, and last Friday's rates declined is per qr. Fine barley in fair inquiry, at previous rates. Beans, oats, and shelling as before. Averages for the week : Wheat 4,650 qrs., at s9s 3d Oats 8ar1ey......... 1,331 3 leans 1 'eas L EXETER—OcT. 25. A fire a business to-day, and prices may be quoted a shade higher, .as follows: Wheat, vhite.. 7s 6d toBs Od Barley.. 4s Od to 4s 6d Ditto new .7s 6d to Os Od Oats 3s Oa to 3s 61 Flour, etne, 48s to —s; seconds, 42s to 44s per sack. CATTLE. A small supply, but trade tolerably active. Fat beef,p score, lOs to 1 lsOd Ewes, per lb .... 6d to 6/d Pork carcases,do 10s Od to lls Wethers, do. . 6/d to.7d Lambs, per lb dto —d Fat calves, d0...61d to 7d. Rough fat, 4d per lb. BRISTOL SUGAR—Ocr. 25. Our market is less active than at the corresponding period of last wceJ, chiefly on account of groceries being less in demand. Refined goods keep steady, at recent rates. In rum there is very little business doing. COAL MAR/ (Prices of Coal per Ton al ET—OcT. 23. the elm of the market 8. d. Tanfield. Moor l3 0 Hartlepool West Hart ley l6 6 Walls End. d. 8. Trimdon Thorthey 16 9 South Kelloe l9 0 South Whitworth 15 6 South Hartlepool 18 9 ;t, 19; sold, 18. Walls End. Harton Ships at market FOREIGN MAIL PACKET LIST. MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton. Nov.lB . via Marseille; .. Nov. 12. Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Nov. 4. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena.. Nov. 1. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton. Nov. 2. via Marseilles ...Oct. 27. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton Oct. 26. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Nov. 2. via Marseilles Oct. 27. India (Bombay), via Southampton Oct. 26. ---. via Marseilles Nov. 4. Lisbon Nov 1. Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Oct. 26. via Marseilles Oct. 27. Newfoundland Oporto and Vigo U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet Oct. 30; by U.S. packet by Canadian packet. Oct. 23. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe Nov. 10. Bahamas, via New York Nov. 21. Mexico . ... .... Oct. 29. All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, I Oct. 29. California,and British Columbia RAILWAY IN TELLIGEN CE. TRAFFIC RETURNS FOR THE WEEK. Miles Opened. Receipts. Railways. ~_.....--. ~.-#.---,, 1861. 1860. 1861. 1860. - -. -.._......,-- X £ Ballymena and Port Rush.. - - - - Belfast and N, Counties.... 136 136 2,090 2,019 Belfast and County Down.. 49 39} 698 666 Birkd., Lane., &Ches. Juno. - - - Blyth and Tyne 2O 20 1,743 1,773 Bristol and Exeter lO6l 125 6,588 6,34 6 Caledonian 219 219} 15,725 14,905 Cockermouth & Workington 8 85 - - Cork and Bandon 2O 20 333 403 Cork, Blackrock, & Passage 64 6 1 213 245 Cork and Youghal 26 23 208 218 Cornwall 534 531 1,296 1,156 Deeside l7 ' 17 291 242 Dublin & Belfast Junction 63 63 1,673 1,658 Dublin and Drogheda 63 63 2,023 1,818 Dub. & Wicklow (in.Kingst ) 484 404 1,981 1,860 Dundalk and Enniskillen Dundee and Arbroath l7} 17} 718 687 Dundee, Perth, & Aber. Jun 3l 31 1,282 1,229 East Anglian 674 674 1,118 1,013 E.Counties,Nrfk.,&E.Union 499 499 30,685 26,028 Edinburgh and Glasgow 142 142 7,162 6,455 Edinburgh, Perth,& Dundee 78 78 3,813 3,510 Forth & Clyde Junction Furness 3l 31 1,405 1,085 Glasgow & South-Western 1831 1834 8,477 8,266 Great Northern 330 330 30,774 27,848 Great North of Scotland .., 58 58 1,787 1,407 Gt. Southn. & Westn.(lrind ) 329 229 8,867 8,884 Great Western 76l} 7571 51,430 47,833 Inverness & Aberdeen June 55 55 895 747 Irish South-Eastern 25 25 . • 287 266 Lancashire & Yorkshire 395} 3954 15,262 37,122 Leominster and Kington Limerick and Ennis. Limerick and Yoynes 221 127 Llanelly 4 46 637 497 London & North-Western . 10301 1012 87,626 85,009 1 London and Blackwall 54 5 1,534 1,551 London & South-Western . 400 3944 20,241 19,223 Lond. Brighton, &S. Coast. 2411 2234 20,048 18,275 London, Chatham, & Dover 72 294 2,434 534 Lond., 'Tilbury, & Southend 42 40 1,411 1,395 Illan.,Sheffield, & Lincolnsh , 291 291} 15,748 15,579 Manch. S.Jun.& Altrincham i 9 9 4 1,153 1,036 Maryport and Carlisle 2B 28 1,092 1,234 Midland (incl. N.-Western) 614 6144 42,103 41,550 Midland Gt.Westn. of Irind. 1924 1774 4,963 4,911 Monkland 56 56 1,668 1,543 Monmouthsh. Rail. & Canal 44 44 2,141 2,559 Newcastle and Carlisle 7B 78 3,501 3,571 North British (incl. Selkirk and Galashiels) North Devon 35 35 ' 593 583 N-Eastern(Bedale&Leybrn) 789 764 40,031 40,134 North London 9 9 2,431 2,327 North Staffordshire 246 246 7,633 8,298 Oswestry and Newton 3O 16 608 277 Rhymney 194 194 782 756 St. Helen's Canal & Railway 52 52 1,960 2,059 Scottish Central VI 53 4 4,019 3,639 Scottish North-Eastern ll5 115 1,180 3,937 Shrewsbury & Birmingham - - - - Shrewsbury and Chester - - Shrewsbury & Hereford Shropshire Union 29} 29} 985 950 South Devon 7 721 3,439 3,477 South-Eastern 306 806 22,638 23,365 South Wales 1 74 171 4 7.536 7,042 S. Yorkshire and River Dun 118 118 - - Stockton and Darlington Taff Vale 5l 54 4,679 5,073 Ulster 5l 51 1,875 1,884 Ulverstone and Lancaster . 19 19 780 723 Yale of Clwyd Vale of Neath 35 35 1,763 1,642 Waterford and Kilkenny 3l 31 384 331 Waterford and Limerick 77 77 1,595 1,302 West Cornwall 274 274 818 798 W.HartlepoolHarbr.&RaiL 39 3 9 4,988 4,708 West Midland - - - - W'haven,Cleator,&Egrmnt 7 7 329 432 Whitehaven Junction l2 12 685 608 Whitehaven & Furness Jun 35 35 655 646 FOREIGN AND COLONIAL Antwerp and Rotterdam 52 62 1,493 1,139 Austrian Belgian Eastern Junction 264 264 320 336 Buffalo and Lake Huron l6l} 161} 2,070 1,793 Detroit and Milwaukie lB5 185 5,245 4,908 Dutch Rhenish lOB4 1084 4,321 3,731 Eastern of France. ...... East Indian - - Grand Trunk of Canada 970 970 17,689 16,546 Great Indian Peninsula 3501 2974 2,522 2,779 Great Luxembourg l2B 128 3,796 2,559 Great Western of Canada 345 345 11,123 11,523 Lyons and Geneva 142 142 6,572 6,714 Madrid, Saragossa &Alicant 301 284 15,760 15,256 Northern of Canada Northern of France 628 614 59,102 51,781 Norwegian Trunk 44 44 1,003 633 .Paris, Lyons, & Mediterrn 879 840 113,967 98,218 Paris and Orleans 922 922 58,603 61,784 Pernambuco 364 - 443 - Royal Danish 69 69 632 602 Sambre and Meuse 6B 68 1,449 1,119 South Austrian .. 1251 917 68,607 51,882 Southern of France .. 777 773 28,252 23,447 Welland.... .. 25 25 682 418 West Flanders .. 75 75 955 • 975 W. and N.W. of France.... 742 730 55,738 47,749 The United Kingdom Electric Telegraph Com pany have invited subscriptions for their remaining capital of £150,000 for the immediate extension of their lines throughout England, Scotland, and Wales. Their system is that of a uniform shilling rate. BIRTHS. ANDERSON. —On the 24th inst., at 5, Craven-hill-gardens, Bayswater, tho wife of %V. D. Anderson, Esq., of a son. ItNE.—On the 22d inst., at R es i ng t on Lodge, Lad broke-terrace, Notting the wife of Alfred Bourne, E s q., of a daughter. Das 'Lwow:L-0n the 24th inst., at Great Malvern, the wife of E. H. Dashwood, Esq., of a daughter. MARRIAGES. RICHaPDSON—HENSLEY.—On the 24th inst., at Saint Saviour's, Paddington, Charles f•tanfield Richardson, Esq., of Bayfield Hall, Herts, to Florence Sophia, the daughter of Commander Charles Hensley, R.N., of 6, Delamere-crescent, Hyde-park. DALEY—RAGLES.—On the 23d inst., at Saint Nicholas Church, Brighton, James Daley, Esq., of Eynsford Lodge, Upper Tulse-hill, to. Marianne, only daughter of W. B. Eagles, of Geudhurst, Kent. DEATHS. BYWATERS.—On the 21st inst., at Acton, Sageman By. waters, of 48, Camaby-street, Golden-square, aged 75. BUTLER.—On the 19th inst., at Hythe, Thomas Butler, • Esq., formerly of Ivychurch. COLLYER.—On the 24th inst., at Norwich, Wm. Collyer Esq., Colonel in the Bengal Infantry. CocKTN.—On the 17th inst., the Rev. John Cockin, of Halifax, aged 79. DAVIES.—On the 21st inst., at Ilkeley-wells, the Rev. J. Davies, D.D., rector of Gateshead, aged 66. HENDRIKS.—On the 23d inst., at The Cedars, Leyton. stone, Herman Hendriks, Esq., aged 48. HELY.—On the 17th inst., at Bath, Major-General Price Holey, K.H., aged 76. MOWBRAY.—On the 25th inst., at Surbiton House, Ki n , ston-on-Thames, Caroline Elizabeth, wife of B. H. Mow bray, Esq., and second and last surviving daughter of the late Hon. Archibald Cochrane, Captain R.N. LONDON : Printed a nd Pub lished by MURDO YOUNG, of No. 112, Stran d, Printer, at,TnE bUN Oftloe, No. 112,8trooN in the Precinc t of tits Savoy, in th 9 c9gati 0 mulatam a g‘ twilay, 00MT 4, 1561, 1,302 ~i